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Alemu EE, Senbata B, Sombo M, Guyassa C, Alemayehu DH, Kidane E, Mihret A, Mulu A, Dinka H. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Chickens in Mid-Rift Valley and Central Part of Ethiopia. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 15:149-157. [PMID: 38737422 PMCID: PMC11088824 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s442787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly infectious poultry disease that causes major economic losses worldwide. The disease is caused by Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and early detection and identification of the viral strain is essential. Having knowledge of the NDV strain genotype that circulates in some regions would help in designing an effective vaccine to control the disease. In this regard, there is little information on NDV strain in chickens in mid Rift Valley and the central part of Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to detect and characterize NDV strain genotype from chickens in mid-Rift Valley and the central part of Ethiopia and test whether this NDV strain genotype matches the vaccine strain currently used in the study area. Methods A total of 98 samples: 78 (tracheal and cloacal) swabs from chicken pools of five and 20 tissue samples were collected. To detect NDV strain, conserved region of the virus Matrix (M) gene was amplified by qRT-PCR. To characterize NDV strain genotypes, M-gene positive samples were specifically re-amplified by conventional PCR targeting the Fusion (F) gene region and sequenced by Sanger method. Results 13.26% of tested samples were positive for NDV strain in the study area with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) among the study sites. Further characterization of the F genes from NDV strain isolates by phylogenetic analysis indicated that one field isolate clustered with genotype VII whereas three of the isolates clustered to genotype I, II, and III. The isolate of the current NDV strain vaccine in use in the study area clustered with genotype II. Conclusion The current study indicates the existence of different NDV strain genotype from that of the vaccine strain currently used. Even though large-scale characterization of several isolates is required at national level, the current study laid baseline information for the existence of variations between field NDV strain genotype and vaccine strain currently used against ND in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esubalew Endale Alemu
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Bayeta Senbata
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Animal Health Institute (AHI), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Sombo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Animal Health Institute (AHI), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Chala Guyassa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Animal Health Institute (AHI), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Hailu Alemayehu
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eleni Kidane
- TB and HIV/AIDS Disease Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andargachew Mulu
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hunduma Dinka
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
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2
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Wang L, Xue Z, Wang J, Jian Y, Lu H, Ma H, Wang S, Zeng W, Zhang T. Targeted knockout of Mx in the DF-1 chicken fibroblast cell line impairs immune response against Newcastle disease virus. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102855. [PMID: 37390546 PMCID: PMC10331481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an RNA virus taking poultry as the host, and the Newcastle disease (ND) caused by NDV is one of the diseases with serious damage to the health of poultry. Mx encoding by myxovirus resistance gene, induced by type I interferon (IFN), has a wide range of antiviral and GTPase activities in human, mice, and other species via inhibition virus replication. However, the antiviral ability of chicken Mx is still a controversial issue. To explore the effect of chicken Mx post-NDV infection, Mx-knockout DF-1 cells were constructed via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The number of copies of NDV was detected by RT-qPCR, and the mRNA expression levels of IRF-7, IFN-α, IFN-β, TNF-α, p21, p27, and Bak in DF-1 cells were analyzed after NDV infection. Compared with control cells, virus titers were much higher in Mx-knockout DF-1 cells post-NDV infection. The deficiency of Mx aggravated the cell pathological features post-NDV infection, and promoted the expression levels of IRF-7, IFN-α, IFN-β, and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in host cells. In addition, cells with Mx deficiency could alleviate the harm from virus by enhancing the expression of p21, p27, and Bak, which related to cell proliferation apoptosis. In conclusion, Mx played an important role in antivirus invasion. In the absence of Mx, cells could alleviate the harm from virus infection via retarding cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yuwen Jian
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Hongzhao Lu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China.
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3
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Amoia CF, Hakizimana JN, Duggal NK, Chengula AA, Rohaim MA, Munir M, Weger-Lucarelli J, Misinzo G. Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus Involved in the 2021 Outbreaks in Backyard Poultry Farms in Tanzania. Vet Sci 2023; 10:477. [PMID: 37505881 PMCID: PMC10385779 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus is a significant avian pathogen with the potential to decimate poultry populations all over the world and cause enormous economic losses. Distinct NDV genotypes are currently causing outbreaks worldwide. Due to the high genetic diversity of NDV, virulent strains that may result in a lack of vaccine protection are more likely to emerge and ultimately cause larger epidemics with massive economic losses. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the circulating NDV genotypes is critical to reduce Newcastle disease (ND) burden. In this study, NDV strains were isolated and characterized from backyard poultry farms from Tanzania, East Africa in 2021. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on fusion (F) gene amplification was conducted on 79 cloacal or tracheal swabs collected from chickens during a suspected ND outbreak. Our results revealed that 50 samples out 79 (50/79; 63.3%) were NDV-positive. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the selected NDV isolates showed that 39 isolates belonged to subgenotype VII.2 and only one isolate belonged to subgenotype XIII.1.1. Nucleotide sequences of the NDV F genes from Tanzania were closely related to recent NDV isolates circulating in southern Africa, suggesting that subgenotype VII.2 is the predominant subgenotype throughout Tanzania and southern Africa. Our data confirm the circulation of two NDV subgenotypes in Tanzania, providing important information to design genotype-matched vaccines and to aid ND surveillance. Furthermore, these results highlight the possibility of the spread and emergence of new NDV subgenotypes with the potential of causing future ND epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie F Amoia
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jean N Hakizimana
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Augustino A Chengula
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
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4
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Huang J, Zheng T, Liang Y, Qin Y, Wu X, Fan X. Transcriptome Analysis of Natural Killer Cells in Response to Newcastle Disease Virus Infected Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040888. [PMID: 37107646 PMCID: PMC10138298 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When tumor cells are infected by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the lysis of tumor cells by natural killer (NK) cells is enhanced, which may be related to the enhanced NK cell activation effect. To better understand the intracellular molecular mechanisms involved in NK cell activation, the transcriptome profiles of NK cells stimulated by NDV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (NDV group) and control (NC group, NK cells stimulated by HCC cells) were analyzed. In total, we identified 1568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the NK cells of the NDV group compared to the control, including 1389 upregulated and 179 downregulated genes. Functional analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in the immune system, signal transmission, cell growth, cell death, and cancer pathways. Notably, 9 genes from the IFN family were specifically increased in NK cells upon NDV infection and identified as potential prognosis markers for patients with HCC. A qRT-PCR experiment was used to confirm the differential expression of IFNG and the other 8 important genes. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Disease, Education Department of Guangxi, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Disease, Education Department of Guangxi, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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5
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Su H, van Eerde A, Rimstad E, Bock R, Branza-Nichita N, Yakovlev IA, Clarke JL. Plant-made vaccines against viral diseases in humans and farm animals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170815. [PMID: 37056490 PMCID: PMC10086147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants provide not only food and feed, but also herbal medicines and various raw materials for industry. Moreover, plants can be green factories producing high value bioproducts such as biopharmaceuticals and vaccines. Advantages of plant-based production platforms include easy scale-up, cost effectiveness, and high safety as plants are not hosts for human and animal pathogens. Plant cells perform many post-translational modifications that are present in humans and animals and can be essential for biological activity of produced recombinant proteins. Stimulated by progress in plant transformation technologies, substantial efforts have been made in both the public and the private sectors to develop plant-based vaccine production platforms. Recent promising examples include plant-made vaccines against COVID-19 and Ebola. The COVIFENZ® COVID-19 vaccine produced in Nicotiana benthamiana has been approved in Canada, and several plant-made influenza vaccines have undergone clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the status of vaccine production in plants and the state of the art in downstream processing according to good manufacturing practice (GMP). We discuss different production approaches, including stable transgenic plants and transient expression technologies, and review selected applications in the area of human and veterinary vaccines. We also highlight specific challenges associated with viral vaccine production for different target organisms, including lower vertebrates (e.g., farmed fish), and discuss future perspectives for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - André van Eerde
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Espen Rimstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ralph Bock
- Department III, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Norica Branza-Nichita
- Department of Viral Glycoproteins, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Igor A. Yakovlev
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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6
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Pereira MR, Machado LC, de Oliveira Carvalho RD, de Lima Cavalcanti TYV, da Silva Filho GB, de Sousa Lima T, Fonseca SMC, de Assis Leite Souza F, da Luz Wallau G, de Souza Mendonça F, de Oliveira Franca RF. Identification of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Pigeons (Columbia livia) in Northeastern Brazil Using Next-Generation Genome Sequencing. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071579. [PMID: 35891559 PMCID: PMC9319777 DOI: 10.3390/v14071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxoviruses 1 (APMV-1) is among the most important viruses infecting avian species. Given its widespread circulation, there is a high risk for the reintroduction of virulent strains into the domestic poultry industry, making the surveillance of wild and domestic birds a crucial process to appropriately respond to novel outbreaks. In the present study, we investigated an outbreak characterized by the identification of sick pigeons in a large municipality in Northeastern Brazil in 2018. The affected pigeons presented neurological signs, including motor incoordination, torticollis, and lethargy. Moribund birds were collected, and through a detailed histopathological analysis we identified severe lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis with perivascular cuffs and gliosis in the central nervous system, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in the liver, kidney, and intestine. A total of five pigeons tested positive for NDV, as assessed by rRT-PCR targeted to the M gene. Laboratory virus isolation on Vero E6 cells confirmed infection, after the recovery of infectious NVD from brain and kidney tissues. We next characterized the isolated NDV/pigeon/PE-Brazil/MP003/2018 by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Phylogenetic analysis grouped the virus with other NDV class II isolates from subgenotype VI.2.1.2, including two previous NDV isolates from Brazil in 2014 and 2019. The diversity of aminoacid residues at the fusion F protein cleavage site was analyzed identifying the motif RRQKR↓F, typical of virulent strains. Our results all highlight the importance of virus surveillance in wild and domestic birds, especially given the risk of zoonotic NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylena Ribeiro Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil;
| | - Lais Ceschini Machado
- Department of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (R.D.d.O.C.); (G.d.L.W.)
| | | | | | - Givaldo Bom da Silva Filho
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Telma de Sousa Lima
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Silvio Miguel Castillo Fonseca
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Francisco de Assis Leite Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Gabriel da Luz Wallau
- Department of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (R.D.d.O.C.); (G.d.L.W.)
| | - Fábio de Souza Mendonça
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.d.S.M.); (R.F.d.O.F.)
| | - Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Franca
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (F.d.S.M.); (R.F.d.O.F.)
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Mo J, Stephens CB, Spackman E. The Thermal Stability of Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry Litter. Avian Dis 2022; 66:131-134. [PMID: 35451592 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sanitary disposal of contaminated organic material during recovery from an animal disease outbreak is costly and laborious. Characterizing the thermal stability of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1; virulent APMV-1 strains cause Newcastle disease in poultry) will help inform risk assessments on the presence of viable virus on infected premises or in organic waste from infected premises. In some environments and housing types, heat may also be used as a decontamination method. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the thermal stability (i.e., decimal reduction values [D values]) of APMV-1 in poultry litter. Virus inactivation was evaluated at seven temperatures from 10.0 C through 43.3 C, at 5.5 C intervals (50-110 F in 10 F intervals), using the I2 isolate of APMV-1, a vaccine strain known to be thermally stable. A high titer of virus (approximately 108 50% egg infectious doses) was added to wood shavings based, soiled chicken litter (poultry litter). Litter with both low and high moisture levels were evaluated. Samples were collected at different time intervals, and infectious virus was titrated in embryonated chicken eggs. At high temperatures (37.8 C-43.3 C), infectious virus could not be detected after 2-7 days, whereas at lower temperatures (10 C-21.1 C), it took up to 112 days for virus to decrease to undetectable levels. Furthermore, the D values were almost always shorter in the high moisture litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseo Mo
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA
| | - Christopher B Stephens
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA
| | - Erica Spackman
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA,
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8
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Bansal N, Singh R, Chaudhary D, Mahajan NK, Joshi VG, Maan S, Ravishankar C, Sahoo N, Mor SK, Radzio-Basu J, Kapur V, Jindal N, Goyal SM. Prevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Wild and Migratory Birds in Haryana, India. Avian Dis 2022; 66:141-147. [PMID: 35510471 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect approximately 250 avian species and causes highly contagious Newcastle disease (ND) in domestic poultry, leading to huge economic losses. There are three different pathotypes of NDV, i.e., lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic. Wild resident (wild) and migratory birds are natural reservoirs of NDV and are believed to play a key role in transmitting the virus to domestic poultry. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of NDV in wild and migratory birds in the state of Haryana, India, during two migratory seasons (2018-19 and 2019-20). In total 1379 samples (1368 choanal swabs and 11 tissue samples) were collected from live (n = 1368) or dead birds (n = 4) belonging to 53 different avian species. These samples belonged to apparently healthy (n = 1338), sick (n = 30), and dead (n = 4) birds. All samples were tested for NDV by real-time reverse transcription-PCR using M gene specific primers and probe. Of the 1379 samples, 23 samples from wild birds [Columba livia domestica (n = 12, 52.17%), Pavo cristatus (n = 9, 39.13%), and Psittaciformes (n = 2, 8.69%)] were found positive for NDV. Only one of the 23 samples (from P. cristatus) was positive for F gene, indicating it to be a mesogenic/velogenic strain. These results indicate that both lentogenic and velogenic strains of NDV are circulating in wild birds in Haryana and that further studies are needed to characterize NDV strains from wild/migratory birds and domestic poultry to determine the extent of virus transmission among these populations. This study considers the disease transmission risk from domestic pigeons and parrots to commercial poultry and vice versa, and the results emphasize the need for strict biosecurity strategies to protect commercial poultry in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Bansal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nand K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Vivek Kapur
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India,
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455
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Development of Plant-Based Vaccines for Prevention of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Poultry. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030478. [PMID: 35335110 PMCID: PMC8952014 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases, including avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND), are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, resulting in significant economic losses. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines for the major viral diseases of poultry, these diseases continue to pose a significant risk to global food security. There are multiple factors for this: vaccine costs may be prohibitive, cold chain storage for attenuated live-virus vaccines may not be achievable, and commercial vaccines may protect poorly against local emerging strains. The development of transient gene expression systems in plants provides a versatile and robust tool to generate a high yield of recombinant proteins with superior speed while managing to achieve cost-efficient production. Plant-derived vaccines offer good stability and safety these include both subunit and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. VLPs offer potential benefits compared to currently available traditional vaccines, including significant reductions in virus shedding and the ability to differentiate between infected and vaccinated birds (DIVA). This review discusses the current state of plant-based vaccines for prevention of the AI and ND in poultry, challenges in their development, and potential for expanding their use in low- and middle-income countries.
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10
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Tolba HMN, Elmaaty AA, Farag GK, Mansou DA, Elakkad HA. Immunological effect of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract on vaccinated and non-vaccinated Hubbard chickens experimentally infected with Newcastle virus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:420-426. [PMID: 35002437 PMCID: PMC8717170 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In veterinary medicine plant based medicine is achieving a huge importance worldwide. This research was subjected to rectify the hydrophilic Moringa Oleifera alcoholic leaves extract could improve the immune system in vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler Hubbard chickens experimentally exposed to Newcastle disease (ND) virus. Seventy five chicks with age one day old were splitted randomly into five groups equally in distribution with fifteen chick in each group. Group I was untreated unvaccinated (control negative group) while group IV was infected group with NDV (control positive group). The experimental Groups II and V were given daily oral treatment of hydrophilic alcoholic leaves extract of M. oleifera at 200 mg/kg body weight until day 21 of age while groups III and V were ND vaccinated with La Sota strain of ND vaccines. The four groups (II, III, IV, V) were infected with ND virus velogenic strain (VNDV) on day 21. Following to infection, Monitoring of birds were done daily for clinical signs, postmortem examination, morbidity and mortality. Cellular, humeral immune response and phagocytic activity were evaluated and the data were statistically analyzed using (SPSS). Total and differential cell numbers as well as Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre increased in the extract treated and vaccinated group which give total protection against NDV much more than treated and unvaccinated group. As a result it could be recommended to use M. Olifera extract from the first day of rearing in Hubbard chicken with ND vaccination program as a prophylactic treatment in protection of birds against ND infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M N Tolba
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Gamelat Kotb Farag
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Mansou
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hend A Elakkad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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11
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Pathotyping of Newcastle Disease Virus: a Novel Single BsaHI Digestion Method of Detection and Differentiation of Avirulent Strains (Lentogenic and Mesogenic Vaccine Strains) from Virulent Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0098921. [PMID: 34878298 PMCID: PMC8653816 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00989-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a novel single restriction enzyme (RE; BsaHI) digestion approach for detecting distinct pathotypes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). After scanning 4,000 F gene nucleotide sequences in the NCBI database, we discovered a single RE (BsaHI) digestion site in the cleavage site. APMV-I “F gene” class II-specific primer-based reverse transcriptase PCR was utilized to amplify a 535-bp fragment, which was then digested with the RE (BsaHI) for pathotyping avian NDV field isolates and pigeon paramyxovirus-1 isolates. The avirulent (lentogenic and mesogenic strains) produced 189- and 346-bp fragments, respectively, but the result in velogenic strains remained undigested with 535-bp fragments. In addition, 45 field NDV isolates and 8 vaccine strains were used to confirm the approach. The sequence-based analysis also agrees with the data obtained utilizing the single RE (BsaHI) digestion approach. The proposed technique has the potential to distinguish between avirulent and virulent strains in a short time span, making it valuable in NDV surveillance and monitoring research. IMPORTANCE The extensive use of the NDV vaccine strain and the existence of avirulent NDV strains in wild birds makes it difficult to diagnose Newcastle Disease virus (NDV). The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and/or sequencing-based identification, which are required to determine virulent NDV, are time-consuming, costly, difficult, and cruel techniques. We evaluated 4,000 F gene nucleotide sequences and discovered a restriction enzyme (RE; BsaHI) digestion technique for detecting NDV and vaccine pathotypes in a short time span, which is cost-effective and useful for field cases as well as for large-scale NDV monitoring and surveillance. The data acquired using the single RE BsaHI digestion technique agree with the sequence-based analysis.
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12
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Potential of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) in delivery of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106094. [PMID: 34896590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a great threat to human health. Currently, there are no effective vaccines and antiviral drugs against the majority of viral diseases, suggesting the need to develop novel and effective antiviral agents. Since the intracellular delivery of antiviral agents, particularly the impermeable molecules, such as peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, are essential to exert their therapeutic effects, using a delivery system is highly required. Among various delivery systems, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of short peptides with the unique ability of crossing cell membrane, offer great potential for the intracellular delivery of various biologically active cargoes. The results of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies with CPP conjugates demonstrate their promise as therapeutic agents in various medical fields including antiviral therapy. The CPP-mediated delivery of various antiviral agents including peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and nanocarriers have been associated with therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes various aspects of viruses including their biology, pathogenesis, and therapy and briefly discusses the concept of CPP and its potential in drug delivery. Particularly, it will highlight a variety of CPP applications in the management of viral infections.
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13
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Duan Z, Tang H, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhou L, Han Y. The association of ribosomal protein L18 with Newcastle disease virus matrix protein enhances viral translation and replication. Avian Pathol 2021; 51:129-140. [PMID: 34859725 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.2013435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTNumerous studies have shown that viruses can utilize or manipulate ribosomal proteins to achieve viral protein biosynthesis and replication. In our recent studies using proteomics analysis of virus-infected cells, we found that ribosomal protein L18 (RPL18) was the highest up-regulated differentially expressed protein, which was along with the increasingly expressed viral proteins later in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection. However, the association of RPL18 with viral protein biosynthesis and NDV replication remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression and transcription levels of RPL18 was reduced early in NDV infection but increased later in NDV infection. In addition, the presence of cytoplasmic NDV matrix (M) protein was responsible for the increased expression of RPL18 in both virus-infected cells and plasmid-transfected cells. Moreover, cytoplasmic M protein increased RPL18 expression in a dose-dependent manner, even though they did not interact with each other. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of RPL18 or overexpression of RPL18 dramatically reduced or enhanced NDV replication by decreasing or increasing viral protein translation rather than viral RNA synthesis and transcription. Taken together, these results suggested that the increased expression of RPL18 might be associated with the physical clumping together of the M protein, which in turn promoted viral protein biosynthesis and NDV replication, thus revealing for the first time the association of RPL18 with NDV M protein was important for viral translation and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanbi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Caiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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14
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Ubiquitination on Lysine 247 of Newcastle Disease Virus Matrix Protein Enhances Viral Replication and Virulence by Driving Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Trafficking. J Virol 2021; 96:e0162921. [PMID: 34705566 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01629-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) matrix (M) protein is the pivotal element for viral assembly, budding and proliferation. It traffics through the cellular nucleus but performs its primary function in the cytoplasm. To investigate the biological importance of M's nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking and the mechanism involved, the regulatory motif nuclear export signal (NES) and nuclear localization signal (NLS) were deeply analyzed. Here, two types of combined NLS and NES signals were identified within NDV-M. The Herts/33-type M was found to mediate efficient nuclear export and stable virus-like particle (VLP) release, while the LaSota-type M was mostly retained in the nuclei and showed retarded VLP production. Two critical residues, 247 and 263, within the motif were identified and associated with nuclear export efficiency. We identified, for the first time, residue 247 as an important monoubiquitination site, the modification of which regulates the nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of NDV-M. Subsequently, mutant LaSota strains were rescued via reverse genetics, which contained either single or double amino acid substitutions that were similar to the M of Herts/33. The rescued rLaSota strains rLaSota-R247K, -S263R, and -DM (double mutation) showed about twofold higher HA titers and 10-fold higher EID50 titers than wild-type (wt) rLaSota. Further, the MDT and ICPI values of those recombinant viruses were slightly higher than that of wt rLaSota probably due to their higher proliferation rates. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the replication and pathogenicity of NDV, and even those of all other paramyxoviruses. It is beneficial for the development of vaccines and therapies for paramyxoviruses. Importance Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a pathogen that is lethal to birds and causes heavy losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) ranked ND as the third most significant poultry disease and the eighth most important wildlife disease in the World Livestock Disease Atlas in 2011. The matrix (M) protein of NDV is very important for viral assembly and maturation. It is interesting that M proteins enter the cellular nucleus before performing their primary function in the cytoplasm. We found that NDV-M has a combined nuclear import and export signal. The ubiquitin modification of a lysine residue within this signal is critical for quick, efficient nuclear export and subsequent viral production. Our findings shed new light on viral replication and opens up new possibilities for therapeutics against NDV and other paramyxoviruses; furthermore, we demonstrate a novel approach to improving paramyxovirus vaccines.
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15
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Hako Touko BA, Kong Mbiydzenyuy AT, Tumasang TT, Awah-Ndukum J. Heritability Estimate for Antibody Response to Vaccination and Survival to a Newcastle Disease Infection of Native chicken in a Low-Input Production System. Front Genet 2021; 12:666947. [PMID: 34659331 PMCID: PMC8514834 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the deadliest chicken pathogen in low-input village poultry, and selecting for NDV resistance has been recommended as a sustainable strategy in backyard poultry production systems. However, selecting for disease resistance needs precision data from either a big population sample size or on many generations with good pedigree records for effective prediction of heritability (h2) and breeding values of the foundation stock. Such conditions are almost impossible to meet in low-input backyard production systems. This study aimed at proposing a realistic method for estimating the heritability of the immune response to vaccination and survival of NDV infection in village poultry production to inform a breeding strategy for ND resistance in Cameroon. A 1 and 3% selection intensity of cocks and hens for higher antibody (ab) response (ABR) to vaccination followed by progeny selection of chickens who survived an experimental NDV infection was conducted from an initial population of 1,702 chickens. The selection induced an increase of 1012.47units/ml (p<0.01) of the NDV antibody of the progeny as well as an effective survival rate (ESR) increase of 11.75%. Three methods were used to estimate the heritability (h2) of NDV antibody response to vaccination. h2 was low irrespective of the method with estimates of 0.2227, 0.2442, and 0.2839 for the breeder’s equation method, the graphical method, and the full-sib/half-sib nested design, respectively. The mortality rate of infected chickens was high (86%). The antibody response to selection was not influenced by sex and genetic type even though the opposite was observed (p<0.05) for the ESR to NDV infection with naked neck chickens recording an ESR of 14% against 2.25% for the normal feather type. A very low heritability (0.0891) was observed for the survival against NDV infection. We confirm the evidence of disease resistance and the effect of selection for antibody response to vaccination on the improvement of the survival against NDV disease. Although the full sib/half sib nested design is more appropriate in case of availability of pedigree information, the direct methods are still useful in case of unavailability of full pedigree information. It is recommended that gene expression analysis should be prioritized for disease-resistance assessment and selection of native breeds of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Arnaud Hako Touko
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Anold Tatah Kong Mbiydzenyuy
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Animal Research Lab, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Catholic University Institute of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Tebug Thomas Tumasang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Health, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Julius Awah-Ndukum
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Health, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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16
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Mansour SMG, ElBakrey RM, Mohamed FF, Hamouda EE, Abdallah MS, Elbestawy AR, Ismail MM, Abdien HMF, Eid AAM. Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 in Egypt: Epidemiology, Evolutionary Perspective, and Vaccine Approach. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:647462. [PMID: 34336965 PMCID: PMC8320000 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.647462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian orthoavulavirus 1, formerly known as avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), infects more than 250 different species of birds. It causes a broad range of clinical diseases and results in devastating economic impact due to high morbidity and mortality in addition to trade restrictions. The ease of spread has allowed the virus to disseminate worldwide with subjective virulence, which depends on the virus strain and host species. The emergence of new virulent genotypes among global epizootics, including those from Egypt, illustrates the time-to-time genomic alterations that lead to simultaneous evolution of distinct APMV-1 genotypes at different geographic locations across the world. In Egypt, the Newcastle disease was firstly reported in 1947 and continued to occur, despite rigorous prophylactic vaccination, and remained a potential threat to commercial and backyard poultry production. Since 2005, many researchers have investigated the nature of APMV-1 in different outbreaks, as they found several APMV-1 genotypes circulating among various species. The unique intermingling of migratory, free-living, and domesticated birds besides the availability of frequently mobile wild birds in Egypt may facilitate the evolution power of APMV-1 in Egypt. Pigeons and waterfowls are of interest due to their inclusion in Egyptian poultry industry and their ability to spread the infection to other birds either by presence of different genotypes (as in pigeons) or by harboring a clinically silent disease (as in waterfowl). This review details (i) the genetic and pathobiologic features of APMV-1 infections in Egypt, (ii) the epidemiologic and evolutionary events in different avian species, and (iii) the vaccine applications and challenges in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M G Mansour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham M ElBakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fakry F Mohamed
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Esraa E Hamouda
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdallah
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Ismail
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanan M F Abdien
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amal A M Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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17
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Omony JB, Wanyana A, Mugimba KK, Kirunda H, Nakavuma JL, Otim-Onapa M, Byarugaba DK. Epitope Peptide-Based Predication and Other Functional Regions of Antigenic F and HN Proteins of Waterfowl and Poultry Avian Avulavirus Serotype-1 Isolates From Uganda. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:610375. [PMID: 34212016 PMCID: PMC8240872 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.610375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uganda is a Newcastle disease (ND) endemic country where the disease is controlled by vaccination using live LaSota (genotype II) and I2 (genotype I) vaccine strains. Resurgent outbreak episodes call for an urgent need to understand the antigenic diversity of circulating wild Avian Avulavirus serotype-1 (AAvV-1) strains. High mutation rates and the continuous emergence of genetic and antigenic variants that evade immunity make non-segmented RNA viruses difficult to control. Antigenic and functional analysis of the key viral surface proteins is a crucial step in understanding the antigen diversity between vaccine lineages and the endemic wild ND viruses in Uganda and designing ND peptide vaccines. In this study, we used computational analysis, phylogenetic characterization, and structural modeling to detect evolutionary forces affecting the predicted immune-dominant fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of AAvV-1 isolates from waterfowl and poultry in Uganda compared with that in LaSota vaccine strain. Our findings indicate that mutational amino acid variations at the F protein in LaSota strain, 25 poultry wild-type and 30 waterfowl wild-type isolates were distributed at regions including the functional domains of B-cell epitopes or N-glycosylation sites, cleavage site, fusion site that account for strain variations. Similarly, conserved regions of HN protein in 25 Ugandan domestic fowl isolates and the representative vaccine strain varied at the flanking regions and potential linear B-cell epitope. The fusion sites, signal peptides, cleavage sites, transmembrane domains, potential B-cell epitopes, and other specific regions of the two protein types in vaccine and wild viruses varied considerably at structure by effective online epitope prediction programs. Cleavage site of the waterfowl isolates had a typical avirulent motif of 111GGRQGR'L117 with the exception of one isolate which showed a virulent motif of 111GGRQKR'F117. All the poultry isolates showed the 111GRRQKR'F117 motif corresponding to virulent strains. Amino acid sequence variations in both HN and F proteins of AAvV-1 isolates from poultry, waterfowl, and vaccine strain were distributed over the length of the proteins with no detectable pattern, but using the experimentally derived 3D structure data revealed key-mapped mutations on the surfaces of the predicted conformational epitopes encompassing the experimental major neutralizing epitopes. The phylogenic tree constructed using the full F gene and partial F gene sequences of the isolates from poultry and waterfowl respectively, showed that Ugandan ND aquatic bird and poultry isolates share some functional amino acids in F sequences yet do remain unique at structure and the B-cell epitopes. Recombination analyses showed that the C-terminus and the rest of the F gene in poultry isolates originated from prevalent velogenic strains. Altogether, these could provide rationale for antigenic diversity in wild ND isolates of Uganda compared with the current ND vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bosco Omony
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Uganda Industrial Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Agnes Wanyana
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kizito K Mugimba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Halid Kirunda
- Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jessica L Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maxwell Otim-Onapa
- Directorate of Science, Research and Innovation, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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18
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Fan J, Chen W, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Li X, Ding H, Yi L, Chen J, Zhao M. Development of a reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay with a lateral flow assay for rapid detection of avian orthoavulavirus 1. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:308-312. [PMID: 33685333 DOI: 10.1177/1040638721990122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is an avian infectious disease caused by avian orthoavulavirus 1, also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This disease has caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The rapid and simple detection of NDV infection is crucial to inform the appropriate control measures. We developed a reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay combined with a lateral flow assay (LFA) for NDV detection. The RPA assay can be completed at 37°C within 20 min, and the RPA result can be visualized by the LFA within 5 min. The NDV RT-RPA-LFA detected NDV specifically with no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. The detection limit of NDV cDNA with our RT-RPA-LFA was 3.34 × 10-3 ng/μL. Consequently, the RT-RPA-LFA showed good potential for the detection of NDV infection in the field, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (Sub-Genotype VII.1.1) from Wild Birds, with Assessment of Its Pathogenicity in Susceptible Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020505. [PMID: 33672003 PMCID: PMC7919289 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting a wide range of avian species. The disease can be particularly virulent in chickens, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. In this study, we characterized velogenic NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 from wild birds and assessed its pathogenicity in susceptible chickens. One hundred wild birds from the vicinity of poultry farms with a history of NDV infection were examined clinically. Pooled samples from the spleen, lung, and brain were screened using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the NDV F gene fragment, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out for identification of the genetic relatedness of the virus. Chickens were infected with the strains identified, and the major histopathological changes were assessed. Interestingly, NDV was detected in 44% of cattle egret samples and 26% of house sparrow samples by RRT-PCR, while RT-PCR detected NDV in 36% of cattle egrets examined and 20% of house sparrow samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close identity, of 99.7–98.5% (0.3–1.5% pairwise distance), between the isolates used in our study and other Egyptian class II, sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains. Histopathological examination identified marked histopathological changes that are consistent with NDV. These findings provide interesting data in relation to the detection of NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 in wild birds and reveal the major advantages of the combined use of molecular and histopathological methods in the detection and characterization of the virus. More research is needed to determine the characteristics of this contagious disease in the Egyptian environment. Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is considered to be one of the most economically significant avian viral diseases. It has a worldwide distribution and a continuous diversity of genotypes. Despite its limited zoonotic potential, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Egypt occur frequently and result in serious economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated and characterized NDV in wild cattle egrets and house sparrows. Fifty cattle egrets and fifty house sparrows were collected from the vicinity of chicken farms in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt, which has a history of NDV infection. Lung, spleen, and brain tissue samples were pooled from each bird and screened for NDV by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the 370 bp NDV F gene fragment. NDV was detected by RRT-PCR in 22 of 50 (44%) cattle egrets and 13 of 50 (26%) house sparrows, while the conventional RT-PCR detected NDV in 18 of 50 (36%) cattle egrets and 10 of 50 (20%) of house sparrows. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the NDV strains identified in the present study are closely related to other Egyptian class II, sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains from GenBank, having 99.7–98.5% identity. The pathogenicity of the wild-bird-origin NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains were assessed by experimental inoculation of identified strains (KFS-Motobas-2, KFS-Elhamoul-1, and KFS-Elhamoul-3) in 28-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Cobb chickens. The clinical signs and post-mortem changes of velogenic NDV genotype VII (GVII) were observed in inoculated chickens 3 to 7 days post-inoculation, with 67.5–70% mortality rates. NDV was detected in all NDV-inoculated chickens by RRT-PCR and RT-PCR at 3, 7, and 10 days post-inoculation. The histopathological findings of the experimentally infected chickens showed marked pulmonary congestion and pneumonia associated with complete bronchial stenosis. The spleen showed histocytic cell proliferation with marked lymphoid depletion, while the brain had malacia and diffuse gliosis. These findings provide interesting data about the characterization of NDV in wild birds from Egypt and add to our understanding of their possible role in the transmission dynamics of the disease in Egypt. Further research is needed to explore the role of other species of wild birds in the epidemiology of this disease and to compare the strains circulating in wild birds with those found in poultry.
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Jin Z, Wei Q, Bi Y, Li Y, Huo N, Mou S, Wang W, Liu H, Yang Z, Chen H, Xiao S. Identification of a potential neutralizing linear epitope of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase in Newcastle disease virus. Virol J 2021; 18:8. [PMID: 33407693 PMCID: PMC7789432 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major antigen that can induce protective antibodies in poultry. However, its antigenic epitopes have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, defining the linear epitopes of HN, especially neutralizing epitopes, will be useful for revealing its antigenic characterization. METHODS In this study, we analyzed B-cell immunodominant epitopes (IDEs) of the HN protein from the vaccine strain LaSota using pepscan technology with LaSota-specific chicken hyperimmune antisera. We constructed IDEs-RFP plasmids and prepared anti-IDEs peptide mouse sera to identify IDEs through immunological tests. At last, the different diluted anti-IDE antisera were used in BHK-21 cells to perform the neutralization test. RESULTS Five IDEs of the HN were screened and further verified by indirect immunofluorescence assays, dot blots and Western blots with NDV- and IDEs-specific antisera. All five IDEs showed good immunogenicity. IDE5 (328-342 aa) could recognize only class II NDV but did not react with the class I strain. Most of the IDEs are highly conserved among the different strains. A neutralization test in vitro showed that the peptide-specific mouse antisera of IDE4 (242-256 aa) and HN341-355, a reported neutralizing linear epitope, could partially neutralize avirulent LaSota as well as virulent strains at similar levels, suggesting that IDE4 might be a potential neutralizing linear epitope. CONCLUSION The HN protein is a major protective antigen of NDV that can induce neutralizing antibodies in animals. We identified five IDEs of the HN using a pepscan approach with NDV-specific chicken hyperimmune antisera. The five IDEs could elicit specific antibodies in mice. IDE4 (242-256 aa) was identified as a novel potential neutralizing linear epitope. These results will help elucidate the antigenic epitopes of the HN and facilitate the development of NDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaolin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Youkun Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujing Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Jadhav A, Zhao L, Liu W, Ding C, Nair V, Ramos-Onsins SE, Ferretti L. Genomic Diversity and Evolution of Quasispecies in Newcastle Disease Virus Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111305. [PMID: 33202558 PMCID: PMC7698180 DOI: 10.3390/v12111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections are well known to harbour quasispecies, due to the error-prone nature of the RNA polymerase. Quasispecies variants in the fusion cleavage site of the virus are known to significantly change its virulence. However, little is known about the genomic patterns of diversity and selection in NDV viral swarms. We analyse deep sequencing data from in vitro and in vivo NDV infections to uncover the genomic patterns of diversity and the signatures of selection within NDV swarms. Variants in viruses from in vitro samples are mostly localised in non-coding regions and 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs or 5′UTRs), while in vivo samples contain an order of magnitude more variants. We find different patterns of genomic divergence and diversity among NDV genotypes, as well as differences in the genomic distribution of intra-host variants among in vitro and in vivo infections of the same strain. The frequency spectrum shows clear signatures of intra-host purifying selection in vivo on the matrix protein (M) coding gene and positive or diversifying selection on nucleocapsid (NP) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN). The comparison between within-host polymorphisms and phylogenetic divergence reveals complex patterns of selective pressure on the NDV genome at between- and within-host level. The M sequence is strongly constrained both between and within hosts, fusion protein (F) coding gene is under intra-host positive selection, and NP and HN show contrasting patterns: HN RNA sequence is positively selected between hosts while its protein sequence is positively selected within hosts, and NP is under intra-host positive selection at the RNA level and negative selection at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jadhav
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK; (A.J.); (V.N.)
| | - Lele Zhao
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK; (A.J.); (V.N.)
- UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK
| | - Sebastian E. Ramos-Onsins
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.-O.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.-O.); (L.F.)
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Musa WI, Sa'idu L, Bello M, Abdu PA. Co-inections of domestic and wild birds with avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses: implications for control and genetic mutations. Vet Res Commun 2020; 44:159-166. [PMID: 33040313 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Co-infections of birds' upper respiratory tract by avian pathogens are common and cause increasing economic losses. This study determines co-infection status of avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) in birds in two Nigerian states with different highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) records and where modified stamping out policy contained the virus for seven years after which the virus resurged with higher infectivity in 2015. A cross-sectional study sampling 910 apparently healthy domestic and 90 wild birds from wild habitats, commercial poultry farms, households and live bird markets (LBMs) was conducted. Cloacal and tracheal swabs were tested for AI H5 and ND viruses using conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overall detection rates of 3% and 18% for AI and ND were obtained. There was an equivalence of 8.5% ND detection rate in poultry and wild birds in the two states. Co-infection (0.2%) of a local chicken from a live bird market (LBM) and crown crane (Balearica regulorum) from a household to AI H5 and ND viruses occurred, respectively. Exposure of birds to AI and ND was significantly detected in apparently healthy domestic and wild birds. The probability of these viruses exchanging genetic materials to resurge with increasing virulence is foreseen. Therefore, routine AI and ND control measures should incorporate virus surveillance and instituting appropriate preventive measures in domestic and wild birds held in households, commercial farms and LBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waziri Ibrahim Musa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Lawal Sa'idu
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Bello
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, A.B.U Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Paul Ayuba Abdu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
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Zhang X, Yao M, Tang Z, Xu D, Luo Y, Gao Y, Yan L. Development and application of a triplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, and duck Tembusu virus. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:203. [PMID: 32560692 PMCID: PMC7304117 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogens including duck-origin avian influenza virus (AIV), duck-origin Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) posed great harm to ducks and caused great economic losses to the duck industry. In this study, we aim to develop a triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect these three viruses as early as possible in the suspicious duck flocks. Results The detection limit of the triplex real-time PCR for AIV, NDV, and DTMUV was 1 × 101 copies/μL, which was at least 10 times higher than the conventional PCR. In addition, the triplex assay was highly specific, and won’t cross-react with other duck pathogens. Besides, the intra-day relative standard deviation and inter-day relative standard deviation were lower than 4.44% for these viruses at three different concentrations. Finally, a total of 120 clinical samples were evaluated by the triplex real-time PCR, the conventional PCR and virus isolation, and the positive rates for these three methods were 20.83, 21.67, 19.17%, respectively. Taking virus isolation as the gold standard, the diagnostic specificity and positive predictive value of the three viruses were all above 85%, while the diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value of the three viruses were all 100%. Conclusion The developed triplex real-time PCR is fast, specific and sensitive, and is feasible and effective for the simultaneous detection of AIV, NDV, and DTMUV in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daning Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Administration for Market Regulation of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Jofunhwa Biotechnology (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - Liping Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ayala AJ, Hernandez SM, Olivier TL, Welch CN, Dimitrov KM, Goraichuk IV, Afonso CL, Miller PJ. Experimental Infection and Transmission of Newcastle Disease Vaccine Virus in Four Wild Passerines. Avian Dis 2020; 63:389-399. [PMID: 31967421 DOI: 10.1637/11980-092918-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Our prior work has shown that live poultry vaccines have been intermittently isolated from wild birds sampled during field surveillance studies for Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Thus, we experimentally investigated the susceptibility of four native agriculturally associated wild bird species to the NDV LaSota vaccine and evaluated the shedding dynamics, potential transmission from chickens, and humoral antibody responses. To test susceptibility, we inoculated wild-caught, immunologically NDV-naïve house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus; n = 16), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater; n = 9), northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis; n = 6), and American goldfinches (Spinus tristis; n = 12) with 0.1 ml (106.7 mean embryo infectious doses [EID50/ml]) of NDV LaSota vaccine via the oculo-nasal route. To test transmission between chickens and wild birds, adult specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens were inoculated similarly and cohoused in separate isolators with two to five wild birds of the species listed above. This design resulted in three treatments: wild bird direct inoculation (five groups) and wild bird exposure to one (two groups) or two inoculated chickens (six groups), respectively. Blood and oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected before and after infection with the live vaccine. All wild birds that were directly inoculated with the LaSota vaccine shed virus as demonstrated by virus isolation (VI). Cardinals were the most susceptible species based on shedding viruses from 1 to 11 days postinoculation (dpi) with titers up to 104.9 EID50/ml. Although LaSota viruses were shed by all inoculated chickens and were present in the drinking water, most noninoculated wild birds cohoused with these chickens remained uninfected for 14 days as evidenced by VI. However, one American goldfinch tested positive for vaccine transmission by VI at 7 dpi and one house finch tested positive for vaccine transmission by real-time reverse-transcription PCR at 13 dpi. Only one directly inoculated cowbird (out of three) and two cardinals (out of two) developed NDV-specific hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers of 16, 16, and 128, respectively. No clinical signs were detected in the chickens or the wild birds postinoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Ayala
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Sonia M Hernandez
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.,Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Timothy L Olivier
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Catharine N Welch
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.,Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Iryna V Goraichuk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Patti J Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605.,Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602,
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Tavassoli A, Soleymani S, Haghparast A, Hashemi Tabar G, Bassami MR, Dehghani H. Reverse Genetics Assembly of Newcastle Disease Virus Genome Template Using Asis-Sal-Pac BioBrick Strategy. Biol Proced Online 2020; 22:9. [PMID: 32377174 PMCID: PMC7193399 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The BioBrick construction as an approach in synthetic biology provides the ability to assemble various gene fragments. To date, different BioBrick strategies have been exploited for assembly and cloning of a variety of gene fragments. We present a new BioBrick strategy, here referred as Asis-Sal-Pac BioBrick, which we used for the assembly of NDV as a candidate for single-stranded non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome viruses. Results In the present study, we isolated three NDVs from clinical samples which were classified into the VIId genotype based on their pathogenicity and phylogenetic analyses. Then, SalI, AsisI, and PacI enzymes were used to design and develop a novel BioBrick strategy, which enabled us to assemble the NDV genome, adopting the “rule of six”. In this method, in each assembly step, the restriction sites in the newly formed destination plasmid are reproduced, which will be used for the next insertion. In this study using two overlapping PCRs, the cleavage site of the F gene was also modified from 112RRQKRF117to 112GRQGRL117 in order to generate the attenuated recombinant NDV. Finally, in order to construct the recombinant NDV viruses, the plasmids harboring the assembled full-length genome of the NDV and the helper plasmids were co-transfected into T7-BHK cells. The rescue of the recombinant NDVwas confirmed by RT-PCR and HA tests. Conclusions These findings suggest that the combination of reverse genetic technology and BioBrick assembly have the potential to be applied for the development of novel vaccine candidates. This promising strategy provides an effective and reliable approach to make genotype-matched vaccines against specific NDV strains or any other virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Tavassoli
- 1Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safoura Soleymani
- 1Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Haghparast
- 1Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran.,2Immunology Section, Department of Pathobiology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar
- 1Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bassami
- 1Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- 1Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran.,3Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,4Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
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Shi M, Tan L, Zhang Y, Meng C, Wang W, Sun Y, Song C, Liu W, Liao Y, Yu S, Ren T, Ding Z, Liu X, Qiu X, Ding C. Characterization and functional analysis of chicken APOBEC4. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:103631. [PMID: 31991164 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The APOBEC proteins play significant roles in the innate and adaptive immune system, probably due to their deaminase activities. Because APOBEC1 (A1) and APOBEC3 (A3) are absent in the chicken genome, we were interested in determining whether chicken APOBEC4 (A4) possessed more complex functions than its mammalian homologs. In this study, chicken A4 (chA4) mRNA was identified and cloned for the first time. Based on bioinformatics analyses, the conserved zinc-coordinating motif (HXE … PC(X)2-6C) was identified on the surface of chA4 and contained highly conserved His97, Glu99, Pro130, Cys131 and Cys138 active sites. The highest expression levels of constitutive chA4 were detected in primary lymphocytes and bursa of Fabricius. Newcastle Disease (ND) is one of the most serious infectious diseases in birds, causing major economic losses to the poultry industry. In vitro, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) early infection induced significant increases in chA4 expression in the chicken B cell line, DT40, the macrophage cell line, HD11 and the CD4+ T cell line, MSB-1, but not the fibroblast cell line, DF-1. In vivo, the expression levels of chA4 were up-regulated in several tissues from NDV-infected chickens, especially the thymus, testicles, duodenum and kidney. The high level expression of exogenous chA4 displayed inhibitory effects on NDV and reduced viral RNA in infected cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that chA4 is involved in the chicken immune system and may play important roles in host anti-viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Yaodan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Yang X, Arslan M, Liu X, Song H, Du M, Li Y, Zhang Z. IFN-γ establishes interferon-stimulated gene-mediated antiviral state against Newcastle disease virus in chicken fibroblasts. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:268-280. [PMID: 32047904 PMCID: PMC7109688 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes severe economic losses through severe morbidity and mortality and poses a significant threat to the global poultry industry. Significant efforts have been made to develop novel vaccines and therapeutics; however, the interaction of NDV with the host is not yet fully understood. Interferons (IFNs), an integral component of innate immune signaling, act as the first line of defense against invading viruses. Compared with the mammalian repertoire of IFNs, limited information is available on the antiviral potential of IFNs in chickens. Here, we expressed chicken IFN-γ (chIFN-γ) using a baculovirus expression vector system, characterized its antiviral potential against NDV, and determined its antiviral potential. Priming of chicken embryo fibroblasts with chIFN-γ elicited an antiviral environment in primary cells, which was mainly due to interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). A genome-wide transcriptomics approach was used to elucidate the possible signaling pathways associated with IFN-γ-induced immune responses. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed significant induction of ISG-associated pathways, activated temporal expression of ISGs, antiviral mediators, and transcriptional regulators in a cascade of antiviral responses. Collectively, we found that IFN-γ significantly elicited an antiviral response against NDV infection. These data provide a foundation for chIFN-γ-mediated antiviral responses and underpin functional annotation of these important chIFN-γ-induced antiviral influencers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mehboob Arslan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haozhi Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengtan Du
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Fenobody and RANbody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Newcastle disease virus. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:44. [PMID: 32169061 PMCID: PMC7071587 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as reagents presents several drawbacks, including limited amounts, difficulty in permanent storage, and required use of a secondary antibody. Nanobodies can be easily expressed with different systems and fused with several tags in their tertiary structure by recombinant technology, thus offering an effective detection method for diagnostic purposes. Recently, the fenobody (ferritin-fused nanobody) and RANbody (nanobody-fused reporter) have been designed and derived from the nanobody for developing the diagnostic immunoassays. However, there was no report about developing the sandwich ELISA using the fenobody and RANbody as pairing reagents. RESULTS A platform for developing a sandwich ELISA utilizing fenobody as the capture antibody and RANbody as the detection antibody was firstly designed in the study. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was selected as the antigen, from which 13 NDV-specific nanobodies were screened from an immunized Bactrian camel. Then, 5 nanobodies were selected to produce fenobodies and RANbodies. The best pairing of fenobodies (NDV-fenobody-4, 800 ng/well) and RANbodies (NDV-RANbody-49, 1:10) was determined to develop the sandwich ELISA for detecting NDV. The detection limits of the assay were determined to be 22 of hemagglutination (HA) titers and 10 ng of purified NDV particles. Compared with two commercial assays, the developed assay shows higher sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, it exhibits 98.7% agreement with the HA test and can detect the reference NDV strains belonging to Class II but not Class I. CONCLUSIONS In the presented study, the 13 anti-NDV nanobodies binding the NDV particles were first produced. Then, for the first time, the sandwich ELISA to detect the NDV in the different samples has been developed using the fenobody and RANbody as reagents derived from the nanobodies. Considering the rapidly increasing generation of nanobodies, the platform can reduce the cost of production for the sandwich ELISA and be universally used to develop assays for detecting other antigens.
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Igwe AO, Ihedioha JI, Eze DC, Okoye JOA. Pullets had higher bursal and thymic weight indices and more antibody response to La Sota vaccination than broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:462-469. [PMID: 31823511 PMCID: PMC7397927 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the immune responses to La Sota vaccination, used in protection of chickens against Newcastle disease, in light weight type breeds of chickens (pullets) and heavy weight type breeds of chickens (broilers) used in commercial poultry production. Seven-week-old 50 White Marshall broilers (Br) and 50 Isa Brown pullets (Pu) were randomly divided into four groups: vaccinated broilers chickens; (VBr), unvaccinated broiler chickens (UBr), and vaccinated pullet chickens (VPu) and unvaccinated pullet chickens (UPu). Chickens in groups VBr and VPu were vaccinated with La Sota vaccine, whereas groups UBr and UPu were not vaccinated. On day 0 post vaccination (PV), six chickens from group Br and Pu, and on day 4 PV, three chickens from each four groups were sacrificed and the bursa weight index (BWI), thymus weight index (TWI) and the splenic weight index (SWI) were obtained. The chickens were observed for clinical signs and lesions. Serum samples were collected from the chickens in all the groups on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 PV and assayed for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. The BWI, TWI and SWI were 0.37 ± 0.05, 0.35 ± 0.17, 0.65 ± 0.26 for pullets and 0.11 ± 0.04, 0.13 ± 0.02, 0.36 ± 0.17 for broilers on day 0 PV. On day 4 PV there was no significant difference (p < .05) between the indices of the vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens. The geometrical mean antibody titres (GMT) of the pullets were 2 to 3 times higher than those of the broilers on days 7 to 28 PV. Vaccination did not produce clinical signs or lesions. The above observations show that naturally pullets produce higher antibodies than broilers because of their higher BWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarachukwu O Igwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - John I Ihedioha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Didacus C Eze
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - John O A Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Ball C, Forrester A, Herrmann A, Lemiere S, Ganapathy K. Comparative protective immunity provided by live vaccines of Newcastle disease virus or avian metapneumovirus when co-administered alongside classical and variant strains of infectious bronchitis virus in day-old broiler chicks. Vaccine 2019; 37:7566-7575. [PMID: 31607602 PMCID: PMC7127460 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the simultaneous administration of live NDV or aMPV subtype B vaccines alongside two live IBV (Massachusetts-H120 and 793B-CR88) vaccines in day-old maternal-antibody positive commercial broiler chicks. In the first experiment, chicks were divided into four groups; one unvaccinated and three groups vaccinated with live NDV VG/GA-Avinew, live H120 + CR88, or VG/GA-Avinew + H120 + CR88. In the second experiment, live aMPV subtype B vaccine was used in place of NDV. Clinical signs were monitored daily and oropharyngeal swabs were taken at regular intervals for vaccine virus detection. Blood was collected at 21 dpv for serology. 10 chicks from each group were challenged with virulent strains of M41 or QX or aMPV subtype B. For IBV, after 5 days post challenge (dpc), tracheal ciliary protection was assessed. For aMPV, clinical scores were recorded up to 10 dpc. For NDV, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres were assayed as an indicator of protective immunity. In both experiments, ciliary protection for IBV vaccinated groups was maintained above 90%. The protection against virulent aMPV challenge was not compromised when aMPV, H120 and CR88 were co-administered. NDV HI mean titres in single and combined NDV-vaccinated groups remained above the protective titre (>3 log2). Both experiments demonstrated that simultaneous administration of live NDV VG/GA-Avinew or aMPV subtype B alongside H120 and CR88 vaccines does not interfere with protection conferred against NDV, IBV or aMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ball
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Anne Forrester
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 69007 Lyon, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, France
| | - Stephane Lemiere
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 69007 Lyon, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, France
| | - Kannan Ganapathy
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK.
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Chen Y, Liu W, Xu H, Liu J, Deng Y, Cheng H, Zhu S, Pei Y, Hu J, Hu Z, Liu X, Wang X, Gu M, Hu S, Liu X. MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Newcastle Disease Virus-Infected DF-1 Cells by Deep Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1659. [PMID: 31396181 PMCID: PMC6663980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND), is one of the most devastating pathogens for poultry industry worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by regulating mRNA translation efficiency or mRNA abundance through binding to mRNA directly. Accumulating evidence has revealed that cellular miRNAs can also affect virus replication by controlling host-virus interaction. To identify miRNA expression profile and explore the roles of miRNA during NDV replication, in this study, small RNA deep sequencing was performed of non-inoculated DF-1 cells (chicken embryo fibroblast cell line) and JS 5/05-infected cells collected at 6 and 12 h post infection (hereafter called mock' NDV-6 h, and NDV-12 h groups respectively). A total of 73 miRNAs of NDV-6 h group and 64miRNAs of NDV-12 h group were significantly differentially expressed (SDE) when compared with those in mock group. Meanwhile, 50 SDE miRNAs, including 48 up- and 2 down-regulated, showed the same expression patterns in NDV-6 h and NDV-12 h groups. qRT-PCR validation of 15 selected miRNAs' expression patterns was consistent with deep sequencing. To investigate the role of these SDE miRNAs in NDV replication, miRNA mimics and inhibitors were transfected into DF-1 cells followed by NDV infection. The results revealed that gga-miR-451 and gga-miR-199-5p promoted NDV replication while gga-miR-19b-3p and gga-miR-29a-3p inhibited NDV replication. Further function research demonstrated gga-miR-451 suppressed NDV-induced inflammatory response via targeting YWHAZ (tyrosine3-monooxygenase/tryptophan5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta). Overall, our study presented a global miRNA expression profile in DF-1 cells in response to NDV infection and verified the roles of some SDE miRNAs in NDV replication which will underpin further studies of miRNAs' roles between the host and the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haixu Xu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yonghuan Deng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuru Pei
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Messaï CR, Salhi O, Khelef D, Lounas A, Mohamed-Cherif A, Kaidi R, Aït-Oudhia K. Serological, clinical, and risk factors of the Newcastle disease on broilers flocks in Algeria. Vet World 2019; 12:938-944. [PMID: 31528015 PMCID: PMC6702548 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.938-944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The work aimed at studying the serological and clinical factors, as well as the risk factors of the Newcastle disease (ND) on broilers herds in Algeria. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1248 birds was randomly selected from 52 broiler flocks. We took blood samples from each bird at the level of the wing vein area where an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was carried out through the use of an IDvet kit. Results: The flocks showed 82.69% of seroprevalence. Clinically speaking, the most common symptoms were sneezing, rale, greenish diarrhea, torticollis, and motor discords. Most commonly observed postmortem lesions were the proventriculitis, tracheitis, and enteritis. Especially, the caeca are hemorrhagic. The scores show the effect of risk factors. There was a significant effect on the mortality, the hygiene and vaccination groups on antibody titers in time 2. The antibody titers were elevated in the herd that recorded a high mortality (more than 10%) compared with those which recorded a low mortality (<10%) (p=0.002). Therefore, the antibody titers were elevated in herds with bad hygiene, compared with the ones with good hygiene (p=0.04). At last, when broiler chicken were not boosted by ND vaccine, flocks appeared to be more seropositive (p=0.02). Conclusion: The serological survey conducted in this study provided an important scope for ND as a dominant viral disease in broilers. Many factors are responsible for the onset of these diseases; correct biosecurity measures are needed to reduce the impact of this pathology in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Redha Messaï
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Omar Salhi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Djamel Khelef
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aziz Lounas
- Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdellah Mohamed-Cherif
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rachid Kaidi
- Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Blida, Algeria
| | - Khatima Aït-Oudhia
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
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Bi Y, Jin Z, Wang Y, Mou S, Wang W, Wei Q, Huo N, Liu S, Wang X, Yang Z, Chen H, Xiao S. Identification of Two Distinct Linear B Cell Epitopes of the Matrix Protein of the Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Strain LaSota. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:221-229. [PMID: 31094659 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix (M) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an abundant protein that can induce a robust humoral immune response. However, its antigenic epitopes remain unknown. In this study, we used a pepscan approach to map linear B cell immunodominant epitopes (IDEs) of M protein with NDV-specific chicken antisera. The six epitopes with the highest reactivity by peptide scanning were obtained as IDE candidates. Among them, aa71-85 and aa349-363 were identified by immunological assays with NDV-specific or IDE-specific antisera. The minimal antigenic epitopes of the two IDEs were further characterized as 77MIDDKP82 and 354HTLAKYNPFK363. Moreover, an amino acid sequence alignment and immunoblot analysis revealed the conservation of the two IDEs in the M protein of strains of different genotypes. These two IDEs of M protein could be genetically eliminated as negative markers in recombinant NDV for serologically differential diagnosis in the development of marker vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkun Bi
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongyuan Jin
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sujing Mou
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiaolin Wei
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Huo
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- 2 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Absalón AE, Cortés-Espinosa DV, Lucio E, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Epidemiology, control, and prevention of Newcastle disease in endemic regions: Latin America. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1033-1048. [PMID: 30877525 PMCID: PMC6520322 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) infects wild birds and poultry species worldwide, severely impacting the economics of the poultry industry. ND is especially problematic in Latin America (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru) where it is either endemic or re-emerging. The disease is caused by infections with one of the different strains of virulent avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV), recently renamed Avian avulavirus 1. Here, we describe the molecular epidemiology of Latin American NDVs, current control and prevention methods, including vaccines and vaccination protocols, as well as future strategies for control of ND. Because the productive, cultural, economic, social, and ecological conditions that facilitate poultry endemicity in South America are similar to those in the developing world, most of the problems and control strategies described here are applicable to other continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Absalón
- Vaxbiotek, S.C. San Lorenzo 122-7, 72700, Cuautlancingo, Puebla, Mexico.
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Carr. Est. Santa Ines Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km. 1.5, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | | | - E Lucio
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, PO Drawer 2497, Gainesville, GA, 30503-2497, USA
| | - P J Miller
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - C L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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Mahfuz S, Song H, Miao Y, Liu Z. Dietary inclusion of mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem waste on growth performance and immune responses in growing layer hens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:703-710. [PMID: 29971802 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal mushrooms contain biologically active substances that can be used as an immune-modulating agent in poultry. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom waste (FVW) on performance, immune response and serum immunity in growing layer hens. RESULTS No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed with respect to average daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the experimental groups during the entire study period (1-70 days). Antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis were higher (P < 0.05) in the FVW fed groups than in the control and antibiotic groups. On day 28, serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG were higher (P < 0.05) in the 6% FVW group than in the control and antibiotic fed groups. On day 70, serum IgA was higher (P < 0.05) in FVW fed groups than in the control group; IgG was higher (P < 0.05) in the FVW groups than in the control and antibiotic groups. However, IgM was higher (P < 0.05) in both the 4% and 6% FVW groups than in the control and antibiotic groups for both experimental periods. Serum cytokine interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both the 4% and 6% FVW grousp than in the control and antibiotic groups; IL-4 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the FVW groups than in the control group; and IL-6 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the 6% FVW group than in the control and antibiotic groups. CONCLUSION FVW at the 6% level can be used as a potential phytogenic feed stuff in growing layer hen rations with respect to improving the immune response without affecting normal weight gain. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shad Mahfuz
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Hui Song
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Miao
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
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Souza SO, Fredo G, Dupont PM, Leite-Filho RV, Teifke JP, Pavarini SP, Canal CW, Driemeier D. Pathological and molecular findings of avian avulavirus type 1 outbreak in pigeons (Columba livia) of southern Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The Newcastle disease, caused by avian avulavirus type 1 strains (APMV-1) is an important avian disease involved into high rates of mortality and economic losses. Several outbreaks have been reported over the last 30 years in Columbiformes in different parts of the world, caused by a adapted variant strain of AAvV-1, called pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1). A high mortality associated with an outbreak was analyzed in free-living pigeons (Columba livia) in a public square in Porto Alegre in Southern Brazil. A total of 24 pigeons moribund or freshly dead, within five weeks interval were submitted to necropsy, histopathological, immunohistochemical (anti-Newcastle), and RT-PCR followed by sequencing of the amplification products analysis. They presented neurological signs, non-suppurative encephalitis and encephalomyelitis, and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in different organs. Immunohistochemical analysis in nine pigeons tissue showed that anti-Newcastle was expressed in brain, kidney, liver and pancreas. The RT-PCR test for the M protein of Newcastle disease virus was positive in six pigeons. The differential diagnosis of Influenza, West Nile, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in all pigeons presented negative results. The sequence of amino acids in the cleavage site region of the F protein was 112RRQKRF117 classifying the strain as virulent. The phylogenetic analysis classified this virus strain into Class II and VI genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens P. Teifke
- Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit Südufer, Germany
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Dziewulska D, Stenzel T, Smialek M, Tykalowski B, Koncicki A. An evaluation of the impact of aloe vera and licorice extracts on the course of experimental pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 infection in pigeons. Poult Sci 2018; 97:470-476. [PMID: 29182728 PMCID: PMC5850270 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive decrease in the efficiency of synthetic drugs has prompted research into phytogenic feed additives with potentially immunomodulatory and anti-infective properties. Complex diseases with a mixed etiology, including viral, pose a growing problem in domestic pigeons. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various doses of aloe vera and licorice extracts on the course of experimental PPMV-1 infection in pigeons. The experiment was performed on pigeons divided into 5 groups, including one control group and 4 experimental groups, which were orally administered aloe vera or licorice extracts at 300 or 500 mg/kg BW for 7 d after experimental inoculation with PPMV-1. On d 4, 7, and 14 after inoculation, cloacal swabs and samples of organs were collected from 4 birds in each group. The samples were analyzed to determine the copy number of PPMV-1 RNA by TaqMan qPCR. The results indicate that licorice and aloe vera extracts inhibited PPMV-1 replication by decreasing viral RNA copy numbers in the examined organs. The most inhibitory effect was observed in pigeons receiving aloe vera extract at 300 mg/kg BW, for which PPMV-1 RNA copy numbers were approximately 7-fold lower (brain), 9-fold lower (kidneys), and 14-fold lower (liver) than in the control group. The results of this study point to the potentially antiviral effects of aloe vera and licorice extracts in pigeons infected with PPMV-1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the antiviral properties of aloe vera and licorice extracts in domestic pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dziewulska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - T Stenzel
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Smialek
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - B Tykalowski
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Koncicki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Li J, Meng C, Ren T, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Xu S, Sun Y, Tan L, Song C, Liao Y, Nair V, Munir M, Ding Z, Liu X, Qiu X, Ding C. Production, characterization, and epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus V protein. J Virol Methods 2018; 260:88-97. [PMID: 30026051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) V protein is crucial for viral interferon (IFN) antagonism and virulence, determining its host range restriction. However, little information is available on the B cell epitopes of V protein and the subcellular movement of V protein in the process of NDV infection. In this study, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) clone 3D7 against genotype VII NDV V protein was generated by immunizing mice with a purified recombinant His-tagged carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) region of V protein. Fine epitope mapping analysis and B-cell epitope prediction indicated that mAb 3D7 recognized a linear epitope 152RGPAELWK159, which is located in the V protein CTD region. Sequence alignment showed that the mAb clone 3D7-recognized epitope is highly conserved among Class II genotype VII NDV strains, but not among other genotypes, suggesting it could serve as a genetic marker to differentiate NDV genotypes. Furthermore, the movement of V protein during NDV replication in infected cells were determined by using this mAb. It was found that V protein localized around the nucleus during virus replication. The establishment of V protein-specific mAb and identification of its epitope extend our understanding of the antigenic characteristics of V protein and provide a basis for the development of epitope-based diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yaodan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | | | | | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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40
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Wanyana A, Mugimba KK, Bosco OJ, Kirunda H, Nakavuma JL, Teillaud A, Ducatez MF, Byarugaba DK. Genotypic characterisation of Avian paramyxovirus type-1 viruses isolated from aquatic birds in Uganda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 85:e1-e7. [PMID: 30035597 PMCID: PMC6238811 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v85i1.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) viruses of the lentogenic pathotypes are often isolated from wild aquatic birds and may mutate to high pathogenicity when they cross into poultry and cause debilitating Newcastle disease. This study characterised AMPV-1 isolated from fresh faecal droppings from wild aquatic birds roosting sites in Uganda. Fresh faecal samples from wild aquatic birds at several waterbodies in Uganda were collected and inoculated into 9–10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. After isolation, the viruses were confirmed as APMV-1 by APMV-1-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cleavage site of the fusion protein gene for 24 representative isolates was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed and compared with representative isolates of the different APMV-1 genotypes in the GenBank database. In total, 711 samples were collected from different regions in the country from which 72 isolates were recovered, giving a prevalence of 10.1%. Sequence analysis of 24 isolates revealed that the isolates were all lentogenic, with the typical 111GGRQGR’L117 avirulent motif. Twenty-two isolates had similar amino acid sequences at the cleavage site, which were different from the LaSota vaccine strain by a silent nucleotide substitution T357C. Two isolates, NDV/waterfowl/Uganda/MU150/2011 and NDV/waterfowl/Uganda/MU186/2011, were different from the rest of the isolates in a single amino acid, with aspartate and alanine at positions 124 and 129, respectively. The results of this study revealed that Ugandan aquatic birds indeed harbour APMV-1 that clustered with class II genotype II strains and had limited genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Wanyana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University.
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Genomic and biological characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from migratory mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Arch Virol 2018; 163:2179-2188. [PMID: 29707734 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the global evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), it is imperative to continue extensive surveillance, routine monitoring and characterization of isolates originating from natural reservoirs (waterfowls). In this report, we isolated and characterized two virulent NDV strains from clinically healthy mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Both isolates had a genome of 15,192 nucleotides encoding six genes in an order of 3´-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5´. The biological characteristics (mean death time: 49.5-50 hr, EID50108.5 ml-1) and presence of a typical cleavage site in the fusion (F) protein (112R-R-Q-K-R↓F117) confirmed the velogenic nature of these isolates. Phylogenetic analysis classified both isolates as members of genotype VII within class-II. Furthermore, based upon the hypervariable region of the F gene (375 nt), isolates showed clustering within sub-genotype VIIi. Similarity index and parallel comparison revealed a higher nucleotide divergence from commonly used vaccine strains; LaSota (21%) and Mukteswar (17%). A comparative residues analysis with representative strains of different genotypes, including vaccine strains, revealed a number of substitutions at important structural and functional domains within the F and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins. Together, the results highlight consistent evolution among circulating NDVs supporting extensive surveillance of the virus in waterfowl to better elucidate epidemiology, evolutionary relationships and their impacts on commercial and backyard poultry.
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Yu X, Cheng J, He Z, Li C, Song Y, Xue J, Yang H, Zhang R, Zhang G. The glutamic residue at position 402 in the C-terminus of Newcastle disease virus nucleoprotein is critical for the virus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17471. [PMID: 29234115 PMCID: PMC5727133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and other paramyxoviruses play an important functional role during genomic RNA replication. Our previous study showed that the NP-encoding gene significantly influenced viral replication. Here, we investigated the roles of certain amino acid residues in the NP C-terminus in viral replication and virulence. Results showed that the glutamic acid residue at position 402 (E402) in the C-terminus of the NP is critical for RNA synthesis in the NDV mini-genome system. Mutation of E402 resulted in larger viral plaques that appeared more quickly, and increased the virulence of NDV. Further study indicated that the mutant virus had increased RNA levels during the early stages of virus infection, but that RNA replication was inhibited at later time points. These findings increase our knowledge of viral replication and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the virulence factors associated with NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zirong He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sabra M, Dimitrov KM, Goraichuk IV, Wajid A, Sharma P, Williams-Coplin D, Basharat A, Rehmani SF, Muzyka DV, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:291. [PMID: 28950869 PMCID: PMC5615457 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The remarkable diversity and mobility of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) includes virulent viruses of genotype VI. These viruses are often referred to as pigeon paramyxoviruses 1 because they are normally isolated and cause clinical disease in birds from the Columbidae family. Genotype VI viruses occasionally infect, and may also cause clinical disease in poultry. Thus, the evolution, current spread and detection of these viruses are relevant to avian health. Results Here, we describe the isolation and genomic characterization of six Egyptian (2015), four Pakistani (2015), and two Ukrainian (2007, 2013) recent pigeon-derived NDV isolates of sub-genotype VIg. These viruses are closely related to isolates from Kazakhstan, Nigeria and Russia. In addition, eight genetically related NDV isolates from Pakistan (2014–2016) that define a new sub-genotype (VIm) are described. All of these viruses, and the ancestral Bulgarian (n = 2) and South Korean (n = 2) viruses described here, have predicted virulent cleavage sites of the fusion protein, and those selected for further characterization have intracerebral pathogenicity index assay values characteristic of NDV of genotype VI (1.31 to 1.48). A validated matrix gene real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) NDV test detect all tested isolates. However, the validated rRT-PCR test that is normally used to identify the virulent fusion gene fails to detect the Egyptian and Ukrainian viruses due to mismatches in primers and probe. A new rapid rRT-PCR test to determine the presence of virulent cleavage sites for viruses from sub-genotypes VIg was developed and evaluated on these and other viruses. Conclusions We describe the almost simultaneous circulation and continuous evolution of genotype VI Newcastle disease viruses in distant locations, suggesting epidemiological connections among three continents. As pigeons are not migratory, this study suggests the need to understand the possible role of human activity in the dispersal of these viruses. Complete genomic characterization identified previously unrecognized genetic diversity that contributes to diagnostic failure and will facilitate future evolutionary studies. These results highlight the importance of conducting active surveillance on pigeons worldwide and the need to update existent rapid diagnostic protocols to detect emerging viral variants and help manage the disease in affected regions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1211-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sabra
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.,Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Iryna V Goraichuk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 83 Pushkinskaya Street, Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Asma Basharat
- Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat F Rehmani
- Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Denys V Muzyka
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 83 Pushkinskaya Street, Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Patti J Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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Desingu PA, Singh SD, Dhama K, Vinodhkumar OR, Malik YS. A sensitive haemadsorption technique based RT-PCR for concentration and detection of Newcastle disease virus from clinical samples and allantoic fluid. Virusdisease 2017; 27:319-323. [PMID: 28466047 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the exploitation of haemadsorption (HAd) property of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) for the development of a novel sensitive HAd technique based RT-PCR for detection of NDV from clinical samples of virus infected experimental birds. The NDV propagated allantoic fluid from the infected embryonated chicken eggs or supernatant of the processed clinical samples (tissue triturate, cloaca and tracheal swabs) from the experimentally infected birds were added with chicken red blood cells (RBC) to adsorb the virus on RBC's surface. The virus adsorbed RBCs were subjected to trizol method of RNA extraction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of NDV. The HAd based RNA extraction showed better yield of 700-900 ng RNA and when subjected to RT-PCR detection revealed a 100 times higher sensitivity than the conventional RNA extraction and RT-PCR detection system. This could be an alternate technique which can be exploited in low NDV load situations in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Shambhu Dayal Singh
- Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | | | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, UP 243 122 India
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45
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Putri DD, Handharyani E, Soejoedono RD, Setiyono A, Mayasari NLPI, Poetri ON. Pathotypic characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolated from vaccinated chicken in West Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2017; 10:438-444. [PMID: 28507416 PMCID: PMC5422248 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.438-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This research was conducted to differentiate and characterize eight Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates collected from vaccinated chicken at commercial flocks in West Java, Indonesia, in 2011, 2014 and 2015 by pathotype specific primers. Materials and Methods: A total of eight NDV isolates collected from clinical outbreaks among commercial vaccinated flocks in West Java, Indonesia, in 2011, 2014, and 2015 were used in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect and differentiate virulence of NDV strains, using three sets of primers targeting their M and F gene. First primers were universal primers to detect NDV targeting matrix (M) gene. Other two sets of primers were specific for the fusion (F) gene cleavage site sequence of virulent and avirulent NDV strains. Results: Our results showed that three isolates belong to NDV virulent strains, and other five isolates belong to NDV avirulent strains. The nucleotide sequence of the F protein cleavage site showed 112K/R-R-Q/R-K-R/G-F117 on NDV virulent strains and 112G-K/R-Q-G-R-L117 on NDV avirulent strain. Conclusion: Result from the current study suggested that NDV virulent strain were circulating among vaccinated chickens in West Java, Indonesia; this might possess a risk of causing ND outbreaks and causing economic losses within the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Desmiyeni Putri
- Study Program of Animal Biomedical Science, IPB Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Husbandry, State Polytechnic of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Handharyani
- Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Retno Damajanti Soejoedono
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Agus Setiyono
- Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Okti Nadia Poetri
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
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46
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Awad F, Hutton S, Forrester A, Baylis M, Ganapathy K. Heterologous live infectious bronchitis virus vaccination in day-old commercial broiler chicks: clinical signs, ciliary health, immune responses and protection against variant infectious bronchitis viruses. Avian Pathol 2017; 45:169-77. [PMID: 26743315 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1137866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Groups of one-day-old broiler chicks were vaccinated via the oculo-nasal route with different live infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines: Massachusetts (Mass), 793B, D274 or Arkansas (Ark). Clinical signs and gross lesions were evaluated. Five chicks from each group were humanely killed at intervals and their tracheas collected for ciliary activity assessment and for the detection of CD4+, CD8+ and IgA-bearing B cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Blood samples were collected at intervals for the detection of anti-IBV antibodies. At 21 days post-vaccination (dpv), protection conferred by different vaccination regimes against virulent M41, QX and 793B was assessed. All vaccination programmes were able to induce high levels of CD4+, CD8+ and IgA-bearing B cells in the trachea. Significantly higher levels of CD4+ and CD8+ expression were observed in the Mass2 + 793B2-vaccinated group compared to the other groups (subscripts indicate different manufacturers). Protection studies showed that the group of chicks vaccinated with Mass2 + 793B2 produced 92% ciliary protection against QX challenge; compared to 53%, 68% and 73% ciliary protection against the same challenge virus by Mass1 + D274, Mass1 + 793B1 and Mass3 + Ark, respectively. All vaccination programmes produced more than 85% ciliary protection against M41 and 793B challenges. It appears that the variable levels of protection provided by different heterologous live IBV vaccinations are dependent on the levels of local tracheal immunity induced by the respective vaccine combination. The Mass2 + 793B2 group showed the worst clinical signs, higher mortality and severe lesions following vaccination, but had the highest tracheal immune responses and demonstrated the best protection against all three challenge viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Awad
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire , UK.,b Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Omar Al-Mukhtar , Al-Bayda , Libya
| | - Sally Hutton
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire , UK
| | - Anne Forrester
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire , UK
| | - Matthew Baylis
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire , UK.,c NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections , Liverpool , UK
| | - Kannan Ganapathy
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire , UK
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Mansour SMG, Mohamed FF, Eid AAM, Mor SK, Goyal SM. Co-circulation of paramyxo- and influenza viruses in pigeons in Egypt. Avian Pathol 2017; 46:367-375. [PMID: 28116911 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1285391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) have caused large-scale outbreaks in many countries, including Egypt. The culling and vaccination strategies have failed to control both viruses in Egypt. In this study, we investigated the outbreaks of nervous manifestations and deaths in pigeons between 2013 and 2015. The H5N1 subtype of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and pigeon paramyxovirus-1, an antigenic variant of NDV, were found to be the cause; AIV and pigeon paramyxovirus-1 were isolated from 61.3% (19/31) and 67.8% (21/31) of tested pigeons, respectively. Co-infection with both viruses was detected in 51.6% of pigeons (16/31). The AIV sequences showed PQGEKRRKKR/GLF motif at the haemagglutinin gene cleavage site, which is typical of the highly pathogenic H5N1 subtype. The phylogenetic tree showed that the highly pathogenic avian influenza belonged to clade 2.2.1.2. The NDV sequences carried one of the three motifs, 112GKQGRL117, 112KRQKRF117 or 112RRQKRF117, at the fusion protein cleavage site and were classified as genotypes I, VI and II in NDV-class II, respectively. This indicated that different genotypes of NDV can circulate simultaneously among pigeons. Further analysis revealed the clustering of some sequences in sub-genotypes Ia and VIb.2. To the best of our knowledge, these sub-genotypes have not been previously reported from pigeons in Egypt. Our results should serve as a base for future studies on both viruses in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M G Mansour
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Fakry F Mohamed
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.,b Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , MN , USA
| | - Amal A M Eid
- c Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Sunil K Mor
- b Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , MN , USA
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- b Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , MN , USA
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Abd-Aziz N, Stanbridge EJ, Shafee N. Newcastle disease virus degrades HIF-1α through proteasomal pathways independent of VHL and p53. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3174-3182. [PMID: 27902314 PMCID: PMC5203671 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a candidate agent for oncolytic virotherapy. Despite its potential, the exact mechanism of its oncolysis is still not known. Recently, we reported that NDV exhibited an increased oncolytic activity in hypoxic cancer cells. These types of cells negatively affect therapeutic outcome by overexpressing pro-survival genes under the control of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF-1 is a heterodimeric transcriptional factor consisting of a regulated α (HIF-1α) and a constitutive β subunit (HIF-1β). To investigate the effects of NDV infection on HIF-1α in cancer cells, the osteosarcoma (Saos-2), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), colon carcinoma (HCT116) and fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cell lines were used in the present study. Data obtained showed that a velogenic NDV infection diminished hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation, leading to a decreased activation of its downstream target gene, carbonic anhydrase 9. This NDV-induced downregulation of HIF-1α occurred post-translationally and was partially abrogated by proteasomal inhibition. The process appeared to be independent of the tumour suppressor protein p53. These data revealed a correlation between NDV infection and HIF-1α downregulation, which highlights NDV as a promising agent to eliminate hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraini Abd-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Eric J Stanbridge
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Norazizah Shafee
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Tian B, Ma J, Zardán Gómez de la Torre T, Bálint Á, Donolato M, Hansen MF, Svedlindh P, Strömberg M. Rapid Newcastle Disease Virus Detection Based on Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Optomagnetic Readout. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Department
of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory,
Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jing Ma
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, The Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ádám Bálint
- National
Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Tábornok
u. 2., H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marco Donolato
- BluSense Diagnostics, Fruebjergvej
3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Fougt Hansen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department
of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory,
Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Strömberg
- Department
of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory,
Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Ahmadi E, Pourbakhsh SA, Ahmadi M, Mardani K, Talebi A. Phylogenetic characterization of virulent Newcastle disease viruses isolated during outbreaks in northwestern Iran in 2010. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3151-60. [PMID: 27542379 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The northwest of Iran shares long borders with three neighboring countries; therefore, it is considered one of the main entry portals of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) into the country. Ten virulent NDVs were recovered from 19 poultry farms of various prefectures in northwestern Iran during Newcastle disease outbreaks in 2010. The isolates were genotypically analyzed using an F-gene-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The amplified F gene (nucleotides 189-1666) sequences of the NDV isolates were compared phylogenetically with those of previously published strains in GenBank. All of the NDV isolates belonged to genotype VIIb and were closely related to some isolates from Iran, Russia, and Sweden. Therefore, it can be postulated that these isolates evolved from previously reported strains. The velogenic viruses carried the motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R/F(117) at the F0 cleavage site and a unique substitution of (190)L→F which had never been reported in any NDV genotype VIIb isolate. They shared high sequence similarity with each other but were distinct from current NDV vaccines and NDV strains reported from other countries. This information is fundamental for improving the efficacy of controlling strategies and vaccine development for NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Malahat Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Karim Mardani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Alireza Talebi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
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