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Bestas B, Estupiñán HY, Wang Q, Kharazi S, He C, K Mohammad D, Gupta D, Wiklander OPB, Lehto T, Lundin KE, Berglöf A, Karlsson MCI, Abendroth F, El Andaloussi S, Gait MJ, Wood MJA, Leumann CJ, Stetsenko DA, Månsson R, Wengel J, Zain R, Smith CIE. Cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated, splice-switching oligonucleotides mitigate the phenotype in BTK/ Tec double deficient X-linked agammaglobulinemia model. RSC Chem Biol 2025; 6:761-771. [PMID: 40171248 PMCID: PMC11955834 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) have been developed as a treatment for various disorders, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. Here, the activity of several different SSOs was investigated as potential treatments for B lymphocyte disorders with a focus on X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), caused by defects in the gene encoding Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). In this study, the activity of locked nucleic acid (LNA), tricyclo-DNA (tcDNA), phosphoryl guanidine oligonucleotides (PGO) and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) were compared, targeting the pseudoexon region of BTK pre-mRNA. We further investigated the effect of conjugating cell-penetrating peptides, including Pip6a, to the SSOs. The effect was measured as splice-switching in vitro as well as in a further developed, bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mouse model of XLA. Therapy in the form of intravenous infusions 2 times a week during 3 weeks of PMO oligomers conjugated to Pip6a was sufficient to partly restore the in vivo B lineage phenotype. SSOs treatment also provides a unique opportunity to get insights into a restoration process, when B lymphocytes of different maturation stages are simultaneously splice-corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bestas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - H Yesid Estupiñán
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Shabnam Kharazi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Chenfei He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 7TY UK
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Institute of Techology, University of Tartu, Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | - Karin E Lundin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Anna Berglöf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Frank Abendroth
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge CB2 0QH UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg Marburg D-35043 Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Karolinska ATMP Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital SE-171 76 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael J Gait
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge CB2 0QH UK
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 7TY UK
| | - Christian J Leumann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Dmitry A Stetsenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Robert Månsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Karolinska ATMP Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital SE-171 76 Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Karolinska University Hospital SE-171 76 Stockholm Sweden
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8 Floor 8 SE-141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Karolinska ATMP Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital SE-171 76 Stockholm Sweden
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2
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De Bondt M, Renders J, Petit de Prado P, Berghmans N, Pörtner N, Vanbrabant L, de Oliveira VLS, Duran G, Baeten P, Broux B, Gouwy M, Matthys P, Hellings N, Struyf S. Effect on neutrophil migration and antimicrobial functions by the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors tolebrutinib, evobrutinib, and fenebrutinib. J Leukoc Biol 2025; 117:qiae160. [PMID: 38976501 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative, autoimmune disease that is still incurable. Nowadays, a variety of new drugs are being developed to prevent excessive inflammation and halt neurodegeneration. Among these are the inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Being indispensable for B cells, this enzyme became an appealing therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Recognizing the emerging importance of BTK in myeloid cells, we investigated the impact of upcoming BTK inhibitors on neutrophil functions. Although adaptive immunity in MS has been thoroughly studied, unanswered questions about the pathogenesis can be addressed by studying the effects of candidate MS drugs on innate immune cells such as neutrophils, previously overlooked in MS. In this study, we used 3 BTK inhibitors (evobrutinib, fenebrutinib, and tolebrutinib), and found that they reduce neutrophil activation by the bacterial peptide fMLF and the chemokine interleukin-8/CXCL8. Furthermore, they diminished the production of reactive oxygen species and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Additionally, the production of CXCL8 and interleukin-1β in response to inflammatory stimuli was decreased. Inhibitory effects of the drugs on neutrophil activation were not related to toxicity. Instead, BTK inhibitors prolonged neutrophil survival in an inflammatory environment. Finally, treatment with BTK inhibitors decreased neutrophil migration toward CXCL8 in a Boyden chamber assay but not in a transendothelial setup. Also, in vivo CXCL1-induced migration was unaffected by BTK inhibitors. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into the impact of BTK inhibitors on neutrophil functions, thereby holding important implications for autoimmune or hematological diseases in which BTK is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirre De Bondt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center, Pelt-Hasselt, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Janne Renders
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paloma Petit de Prado
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noëmie Pörtner
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vívian Louise Soares de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gayel Duran
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center, Pelt-Hasselt, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center, Pelt-Hasselt, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center, Pelt-Hasselt, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center, Pelt-Hasselt, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Yang YQ, Liu YJ, Qiao WX, Jin W, Zhu SW, Yan YX, Luo Q, Xu Q. Iguratimod suppresses plasma cell differentiation and ameliorates experimental Sjögren's syndrome in mice by promoting TEC kinase degradation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1926-1936. [PMID: 38744938 PMCID: PMC11336088 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with an unclear pathogenesis, and there is currently no approved drug for the treatment of this disease. Iguratimod, as a novel clinical anti-rheumatic drug in China and Japan, has shown remarkable efficacy in improving the symptoms of patients with pSS in clinical studies. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of iguratimod in the treatment of pSS. Experimental Sjögren's syndrome (ESS) model was established in female mice by immunizing with salivary gland protein. After immunization, ESS mice were orally treated with iguratimod (10, 30, 100 mg·kg-1·d-1) or hydroxychloroquine (50 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 70 days. We showed that iguratimod administration dose-dependently increased saliva secretion, and ameliorated ESS development by predominantly inhibiting B cells activation and plasma cell differentiation. Iguratimod (30 and 100 mg·kg-1·d-1) was more effective than hydroxychloroquine (50 mg·kg-1·d-1). When the potential target of iguratimod was searched, we found that iguratimod bound to TEC kinase and promoted its degradation through the autophagy-lysosome pathway in BAFF-activated B cells, thereby directly inhibiting TEC-regulated B cells function, suggesting that the action mode of iguratimod on TEC was different from that of conventional kinase inhibitors. In addition, we found a crucial role of TEC overexpression in plasma cells of patients with pSS. Together, we demonstrate that iguratimod effectively ameliorates ESS via its unique suppression of TEC function, which will be helpful for its clinical application. Targeting TEC kinase, a new regulatory factor for B cells, may be a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shun-Wei Zhu
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yu-Xi Yan
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Bahal S, Zinicola M, Moula SE, Whittaker TE, Schejtman A, Naseem A, Blanco E, Vetharoy W, Hu YT, Rai R, Gomez-Castaneda E, Cunha-Santos C, Burns SO, Morris EC, Booth C, Turchiano G, Cavazza A, Thrasher AJ, Santilli G. Hematopoietic stem cell gene editing rescues B-cell development in X-linked agammaglobulinemia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:195-208.e8. [PMID: 38479630 PMCID: PMC11752842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inborn error of immunity that renders boys susceptible to life-threatening infections due to loss of mature B cells and circulating immunoglobulins. It is caused by defects in the gene encoding the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) that mediates the maturation of B cells in the bone marrow and their activation in the periphery. This paper reports on a gene editing protocol to achieve "knock-in" of a therapeutic BTK cassette in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as a treatment for XLA. METHODS To rescue BTK expression, this study employed a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system that creates a DNA double-strand break in an early exon of the BTK locus and an adeno-associated virus 6 virus that carries the donor template for homology-directed repair. The investigators evaluated the efficacy of the gene editing approach in HSPCs from patients with XLA that were cultured in vitro under B-cell differentiation conditions or that were transplanted in immunodeficient mice to study B-cell output in vivo. RESULTS A (feeder-free) B-cell differentiation protocol was successfully applied to blood-mobilized HSPCs to reproduce in vitro the defects in B-cell maturation observed in patients with XLA. Using this system, the investigators could show the rescue of B-cell maturation by gene editing. Transplantation of edited XLA HSPCs into immunodeficient mice led to restoration of the human B-cell lineage compartment in the bone marrow and immunoglobulin production in the periphery. CONCLUSIONS Gene editing efficiencies above 30% could be consistently achieved in human HSPCs. Given the potential selective advantage of corrected cells, as suggested by skewed X-linked inactivation in carrier females and by competitive repopulating experiments in mouse models, this work demonstrates the potential of this strategy as a future definitive therapy for XLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Bahal
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Zinicola
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shefta E Moula
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Whittaker
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Schejtman
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Naseem
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Blanco
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Winston Vetharoy
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Ting Hu
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Rai
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Gomez-Castaneda
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Cunha-Santos
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C Morris
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Booth
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giandomenico Turchiano
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Cavazza
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Santilli
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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5
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De Bondt M, Renders J, Struyf S, Hellings N. Inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase as emerging therapeutic strategy in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103532. [PMID: 38521213 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a cytoplasmic, non-receptor signal transducer, initially identified as an essential signaling molecule for B cells, with genetic mutations resulting in a disorder characterized by disturbed B cell and antibody development. Subsequent research revealed the critical role of BTK in the functionality of monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Various immune cells, among which B cells and neutrophils, rely on BTK activity for diverse signaling pathways downstream of multiple receptors, which makes this kinase an ideal target to treat hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. First-generation BTK inhibitors are already on the market to treat hematological disorders. It has been demonstrated that B cells and myeloid cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Consequently, second-generation BTK inhibitors are currently being developed to treat these disorders. Despite the acknowledged involvement of BTK in various cell types, the focus on B cells often overshadows its impact on innate immune cells. Among these cell types, neutrophils are often underestimated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this narrative review, the function of BTK in different immune cell subsets is discussed, after which an overview is provided of different upcoming BTK inhibitors tested for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Special attention is paid to BTK inhibition and its effect on neutrophil biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirre De Bondt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, box 1042, 3000 Leuven; Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3095 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Janne Renders
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, box 1042, 3000 Leuven
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, box 1042, 3000 Leuven
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3095 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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6
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Kawata K, Hatano S, Baba A, Imabayashi K, Baba Y. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition limits endotoxic shock by suppressing IL-6 production by marginal zone B cells in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388947. [PMID: 38638439 PMCID: PMC11024364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to a severe, life-threatening infection with organ dysfunction. Although there is no effective treatment for this fatal illness, a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological basis of sepsis and its underlying mechanisms could lead to the development of new treatment approaches. Here, we demonstrate that the selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor acalabrutinib augments survival rates in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic model. Our in vitro and in vivo findings both indicate that acalabrutinib reduces IL-6 production specifically in marginal zone B (MZ B) cells rather than in macrophages. Furthermore, Btk-deficient MZ B cells exhibited suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 production in vitro. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, which is the downstream signaling cascade of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), was also severely attenuated in Btk-deficient MZ B cells. These findings suggest that Btk blockade may prevent sepsis by inhibiting IL-6 production in MZ B cells. In addition, although Btk inhibition may adversely affect B cell maturation and humoral immunity, antibody responses were not impaired when acalabrutinib was administered for a short period after immunization with T-cell-independent (TI) and T-cell-dependent (TD) antigens. In contrast, long-term administration of acalabrutinib slightly impaired humoral immunity. Therefore, these findings suggest that Btk inhibitors may be a potential option for alleviating endotoxic shock without compromising humoral immunity and emphasize the importance of maintaining a delicate balance between immunomodulation and inflammation suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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7
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Korzhenevich J, Janowska I, van der Burg M, Rizzi M. Human and mouse early B cell development: So similar but so different. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:1-12. [PMID: 37442242 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Early B cell development in the bone marrow ensures the replenishment of the peripheral B cell pool. Immature B cells continuously develop from hematopoietic stem cells, in a process guided by an intricate network of transcription factors as well as chemokine and cytokine signals. Humans and mice possess somewhat similar regulatory mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis. The continuous discovery of monogenetic defects that impact early B cell development in humans substantiates the similarities and differences with B cell development in mice. These differences become relevant when targeted therapeutic approaches are used in patients; therefore, predicting potential immunological adverse events is crucial. In this review, we have provided a phenotypical classification of human and murine early progenitors and B cell stages, based on surface and intracellular protein expression. Further, we have critically compared the role of key transcription factors (Ikaros, E2A, EBF1, PAX5, and Aiolos) and chemo- or cytokine signals (FLT3, c-kit, IL-7R, and CXCR4) during homeostatic and aberrant B lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Korzhenevich
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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8
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Pojero F, Gervasi F, Fiore SD, Aiello A, Bonacci S, Caldarella R, Attanzio A, Candore G, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Procopio A, Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Accardi G. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nutritionally Relevant Concentrations of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Age-Related Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11029. [PMID: 37446206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence and inflammaging facilitate the insurgence of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is a non-invasive intervention to improve the chronic low-grade inflammatory status associated with aging. Olive oil oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) demonstrated a controversial modulatory action on inflammation in vitro when tested at concentrations exceeding those detectable in human plasma. We studied the potential anti-inflammatory effects of OLE and HT at nutritionally relevant concentrations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as regards cell viability, frequency of leukocyte subsets, and cytokine release, performing an age-focused analysis on two groups of subjects: Adult (age 18-64 years) and Senior (age ≥ 65 years). OLE and HT were used alone or as a pre-treatment before challenging PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both polyphenols had no effect on cell viability irrespective of LPS, but 5 µM HT had an LPS-like effect on monocytes, reducing the intermediate subset in Adult subjects. OLE and HT had no effect on LPS-triggered release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, but 5 µM HT reduced IL-10 secretion by PBMCs from Adult vs. Senior group. In summary, nutritionally relevant concentrations of OLE and HT elicit no anti-inflammatory effect and influence the frequency of immune cell subsets with age-related different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- Specialistic Oncology Laboratory Unit, ARNAS Hospitals Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Davide Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Ye B, Chen S, Guo H, Zheng W, Lou G, Liang X, Liu Y, Zhou C, Zheng M. The Inhibition of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Alleviates Acute Liver Failure via Downregulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1156-1164. [PMID: 35977799 PMCID: PMC10613575 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
There is no effective treatment for acute liver failure (ALF) except for an artificial liver support system (ALSS) and liver transplant. Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) plays important immunoregulatory roles in the inflammatory diseases, but its possible function in ALF remains to be characterized. In this study, we detected the phosphorylation level of Btk in ALF mouse liver and analyzed the protective effects of Btk inhibitor on survival rate and liver damage in ALF mouse models. We measured the expression levels of various inflammatory cytokines in the ALF mouse liver and primary human monocytes. In addition, we examined the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse models with or without Btk inhibition. Clinically, we observed the dynamic changes of Btk expression in PBMCs of ALSS-treated patients. Our results showed that Btk was upregulated significantly in the experimental ALF mouse models and that Btk inhibition alleviated liver injury and reduced the mortality in these models. The protective effect of Btk inhibitors on ALF mice partially depended on the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Clinical investigations revealed that the dynamic changes of Btk expression in PBMCs could predict the effect of ALSS treatment. Our work shows that Btk inhibition is an effective therapeutic strategy for ALF. Moreover, Btk is a useful indicator to predict the therapeutic effect of ALSS on liver failure, which might have great value in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjue Ye
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Shiwei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | | | | | | | - Xue Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Yanning Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
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10
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Smith CIE, Bergman P, Hagey DW. Estimating the number of diseases - the concept of rare, ultra-rare, and hyper-rare. iScience 2022; 25:104698. [PMID: 35856030 PMCID: PMC9287598 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
At the dawn of the personalized medicine era, the number of rare diseases has been estimated at 10,000. By considering the influence of environmental factors together with genetic variations and our improved diagnostic capabilities, an assessment suggests a considerably larger number. The majority would be extremely rare, and hence, we introduce the term "hyper-rare," defined as affecting <1/108 individuals. Such disorders would potentially outnumber all currently known rare diseases. Because autosomal recessive disorders are likely concentrated in consanguineous populations, and rare toxicities in rural areas, establishing their existence necessitates a greater reach than is currently viable. Moreover, the randomness of X-linked and gain-of-function mutations greatly compound this challenge. However, whether concurrent diseases actually cause a distinct illness will depend on if their pathological mechanisms interact (phenotype conversion) or not (phenotype maintenance). The hyper-rare disease concept will be important in precision medicine with improved diagnosis and treatment of rare disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. I. Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine and Translational Research Center Karolinska (TRACK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel W. Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine and Translational Research Center Karolinska (TRACK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Sandner L, Alteneder M, Zhu C, Hladik A, Högler S, Rica R, Van Greuningen LW, Sharif O, Sakaguchi S, Knapp S, Kenner L, Trauner M, Ellmeier W, Boucheron N. The Tyrosine Kinase Tec Regulates Effector Th17 Differentiation, Pathogenicity, and Plasticity in T-Cell-Driven Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750466. [PMID: 35003062 PMCID: PMC8728872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 17 cells are not only key in controlling infections mediated by extracellular bacteria and fungi but are also triggering autoimmune responses. Th17 cells comprise heterogeneous subsets, some with pathogenic functions. They can cease to secrete their hallmark cytokine IL-17A and even convert to other T helper lineages, a process known as transdifferentiation relying on plasticity. Both pathogenicity and plasticity are tightly linked to IL-23 signaling. Here, we show that the protein tyrosine kinase Tec is highly induced in Th17 cells. Th17 differentiation was enhanced at low interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in absence of Tec, which correlates with increased STAT3 phosphorylation and higher Il23r expression. Therefore, we uncovered a function for Tec in the IL-6 sensing via STAT3 by CD4+ T cells, defining Tec as a fine-tuning negative regulator of Th17 differentiation. Subsequently, by using the IL-17A fate mapping mouse combined with in vivo adoptive transfer models, we demonstrated that Tec not only restrained effector Th17 differentiation but also pathogenicity and plasticity in a T-cell intrinsic manner. Our data further suggest that Tec regulates inflammatory Th17-driven immune responses directly impacting disease severity in a T-cell-driven colitis model. Notably, consistent with the in vitro findings, elevated levels of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) were observed on intestinal pre- and postconversion Th17 cells isolated from diseased Tec-/- mice subjected to adoptive transfer colitis, highlighting a fundamental role of Tec in restraining IL-23R expression, likely via the IL-6-STAT3 signaling axis. Taken together, these findings identify Tec as a negative regulator of Th17 differentiation, pathogenicity, and plasticity, contributing to the mechanisms which help T cells to orchestrate optimal immune protection and to restrain immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sandner
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlis Alteneder
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ci Zhu
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine 1, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Högler
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramona Rica
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars W Van Greuningen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Omar Sharif
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine 1, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Fukao S, Haniuda K, Tamaki H, Kitamura D. Protein kinase Cδ is essential for the IgG response against T-cell-independent type 2 antigens and commensal bacteria. eLife 2021; 10:72116. [PMID: 34693907 PMCID: PMC8610492 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigens (Ags) with multivalent and repetitive structure elicit IgG production in a T-cell-independent manner. However, the mechanisms by which such T-cell-independent type-2 (TI-2) Ags induce IgG responses remain obscure. Here, we report that B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement with a TI-2 Ag but not with a T-cell-dependent (TD) Ag was able to induce the transcription of Aicda encoding activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and efficient class switching to IgG3 upon costimulation with IL-1 or IFN-α in mouse B cells. TI-2 Ags strongly induced the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC)δ and PKCδ mediated the Aicda transcription through the induction of BATF, the key transcriptional regulator of Aicda. In PKCδ-deficient mice, production of IgG was intact against TD Ag but abrogated against typical TI-2 Ags as well as commensal bacteria, and experimental disruption of the gut epithelial barrier resulted in fatal bacteremia. Thus, our results have revealed novel molecular requirements for class switching in the TI-2 response and highlighted its importance in homeostatic commensal-specific IgG production. When the human body faces a potentially harmful microorganism, the immune system responds by finding and destroying the pathogen. This involves the coordination of several different parts of the immune system. B cells are a type of white blood cell that is responsible for producing antibodies: large proteins that bind to specific targets such as pathogens. B cells often need help from other immune cells known as T cells to complete antibody production. However, T cells are not required for B cells to produce antibodies against some bacteria. For example, when certain pathogenic bacteria coated with a carbohydrate called a capsule – such as pneumococcus, which causes pneumonia, or salmonella – invade our body, B cells recognize a repetitive structure of the capsule using a B-cell antigen receptor. This recognition allows B cells to produce antibodies independently of T cells. It is unclear how B cells produce antibodies in this situation or what proteins are required for this activity. To understand this process, Fukao et al. used genetically modified mice and their B cells to study how they produce antibodies independently of T cells. They found that a protein called PKCδ is critical for B cells to produce antibodies, especially of an executive type called IgG, in the T-cell-independent response. PKCδ became active when B cells were stimulated with the repetitive antigen present on the surface of bacteria like salmonella or pneumococcus. Mice that lack PKCδ were unable to produce IgG independently of T cells, leading to fatal infections when bacteria reached the tissues and blood. Understanding the mechanism behind the T cell-independent B cell response could lead to more effective antibody production, potentially paving the way for new vaccines to prevent fatal diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Fukao
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kei Haniuda
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tamaki
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
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13
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Rip J, de Bruijn MJW, Neys SFH, Singh SP, Willar J, van Hulst JAC, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition induces rewiring of proximal and distal B-cell receptor signaling in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2251-2265. [PMID: 34323286 PMCID: PMC9291019 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Bruton′s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a crucial signaling molecule in BCR signaling and a key regulator of B‐ cell differentiation and function. Btk inhibition has shown impressive clinical efficacy in various B‐cell malignancies. However, it remains unknown whether inhibition additionally induces changes in BCR signaling due to feedback mechanisms, a phenomenon referred to as BCR rewiring. In this report, we studied the impact of Btk activity on major components of the BCR signaling pathway in mice. As expected, NF‐κB and Akt/S6 signaling was decreased in Btk‐deficient B cells. Unexpectedly, phosphorylation of several proximal signaling molecules, including CD79a, Syk, and PI3K, as well as the key Btk‐effector PLCγ2 and the more downstream kinase Erk, were significantly increased. This pattern of BCR rewiring was essentially opposite in B cells from transgenic mice overexpressing Btk. Importantly, prolonged Btk inhibitor treatment of WT mice or mice engrafted with leukemic B cells also resulted in increased phosho‐CD79a and phospho‐PLCγ2 in B cells. Our findings show that Btk enzymatic function determines phosphorylation of proximal and distal BCR signaling molecules in B cells. We conclude that Btk inhibitor treatment results in rewiring of BCR signaling, which may affect both malignant and healthy B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Rip
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J W de Bruijn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan F H Neys
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simar Pal Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Willar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer A C van Hulst
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Bame E, Tang H, Burns JC, Arefayene M, Michelsen K, Ma B, Marx I, Prince R, Roach AM, Poreci U, Donaldson D, Cullen P, Casey F, Zhu J, Carlile TM, Sangurdekar D, Zhang B, Trapa P, Santoro J, Muragan P, Pellerin A, Rubino S, Gianni D, Bajrami B, Peng X, Coppell A, Riester K, Belachew S, Mehta D, Palte M, Hopkins BT, Scaramozza M, Franchimont N, Mingueneau M. Next-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor BIIB091 selectively and potently inhibits B cell and Fc receptor signaling and downstream functions in B cells and myeloid cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1295. [PMID: 34141433 PMCID: PMC8204096 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a non-redundant signaling role downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR) in B cells and the receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobulins (FcR) in myeloid cells. Here, we characterise BIIB091, a novel, potent, selective and reversible small-molecule inhibitor of BTK. Methods BIIB091 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in preclinical models and in phase 1 clinical trial. Results In vitro, BIIB091 potently inhibited BTK-dependent proximal signaling and distal functional responses in both B cells and myeloid cells with IC50s ranging from 3 to 106 nm, including antigen presentation to T cells, a key mechanism of action thought to be underlying the efficacy of B cell-targeted therapeutics in multiple sclerosis. BIIB091 effectively sequestered tyrosine 551 in the kinase pocket by forming long-lived complexes with BTK with t 1/2 of more than 40 min, thereby preventing its phosphorylation by upstream kinases. As a key differentiating feature of BIIB091, this property explains the very potent whole blood IC50s of 87 and 106 nm observed with stimulated B cells and myeloid cells, respectively. In vivo, BIIB091 blocked B-cell activation, antibody production and germinal center differentiation. In phase 1 healthy volunteer trial, BIIB091 inhibited naïve and unswitched memory B-cell activation, with an in vivo IC50 of 55 nm and without significant impact on lymphoid or myeloid cell survival after 14 days of dosing. Conclusion Pharmacodynamic results obtained in preclinical and early clinical settings support the advancement of BIIB091 in phase 2 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eris Bame
- Clinical Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Hao Tang
- Biogen Research Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | - Klaus Michelsen
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Relay Therapeutics Cambridge MA USA
| | - Bin Ma
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Isaac Marx
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Robin Prince
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Allie M Roach
- Biogen Research Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Gilead Sciences Seattle WA USA
| | - Urjana Poreci
- Clinical Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Pandion Therapeutics Watertown MA USA
| | - Douglas Donaldson
- Clinical Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Giner Labs Newton MA USA
| | | | | | - Jing Zhu
- Biogen Research Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | | | - Dipen Sangurdekar
- Biogen Research Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Takeda Cambridge MA USA
| | | | - Patrick Trapa
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Joseph Santoro
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Param Muragan
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | - Davide Gianni
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- Global Safety and Regulatory Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Devangi Mehta
- Clinical Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Immunologix Laboratories Cambridge MA USA
| | - Mike Palte
- MS Development Unit Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Brian T Hopkins
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
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15
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Novel mouse model resistant to irreversible BTK inhibitors: a tool identifying new therapeutic targets and side effects. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2439-2450. [PMID: 32492159 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) have revolutionized treatment of B-lymphocyte malignancies and show great promise for dampening autoimmunity. The predominant BTK inhibitors tether irreversibly by covalently binding to cysteine 481 in the BTK catalytic domain. Substitution of cysteine 481 for serine (C481S) is the most common mechanism for acquired drug resistance. We generated a novel C481S knock-in mouse model and, using a battery of tests, no overt B-lymphocyte phenotype was found. B lymphocytes from C481S animals were resistant to irreversible, but sensitive to reversible, BTK inhibitors. In contrast, irreversible inhibitors equally impaired T-lymphocyte activation in mice, mimicking the effect of treatment in patients. This demonstrates that T-lymphocyte blockage is independent of BTK. We suggest that the C481S knock-in mouse can serve as a useful tool for the study of BTK-independent effects of irreversible inhibitors, allowing for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and pinpointing potential side effects.
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16
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Nedeva IR, Vitale M, Elson A, Hoyland JA, Bella J. Role of OSCAR Signaling in Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641162. [PMID: 33912557 PMCID: PMC8072347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of mature bone-resorbing cells through osteoclastogenesis is required for the continuous remodeling and repair of bone tissue. In aging and disease this process may become aberrant, resulting in excessive bone degradation and fragility fractures. Interaction of receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) with its ligand RANKL activates the main signaling pathway for osteoclastogenesis. However, compelling evidence indicates that this pathway may not be sufficient for the production of mature osteoclast cells and that co-stimulatory signals may be required for both the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and the activation of osteoclasts. Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), a regulator of osteoclast differentiation, provides one such co-stimulatory pathway. This review summarizes our present knowledge of osteoclastogenesis signaling and the role of OSCAR in the normal production of bone-resorbing cells and in bone disease. Understanding the signaling mechanism through this receptor and how it contributes to the production of mature osteoclasts may offer a more specific and targeted approach for pharmacological intervention against pathological bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva R Nedeva
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Vitale
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Bella
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Seymour BJ, Singh S, Certo HM, Sommer K, Sather BD, Khim S, Clough C, Hale M, Pangallo J, Ryu BY, Khan IF, Adair JE, Rawlings DJ. Effective, safe, and sustained correction of murine XLA using a UCOE-BTK promoter-based lentiviral vector. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:635-651. [PMID: 33718514 PMCID: PMC7907679 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an immune disorder caused by mutations in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). BTK is expressed in B and myeloid cells, and its deficiency results in a lack of mature B cells and protective antibodies. We previously reported a lentivirus (LV) BTK replacement therapy that restored B cell development and function in Btk and Tec double knockout mice (a phenocopy of human XLA). In this study, with the goal of optimizing both the level and lineage specificity of BTK expression, we generated LV incorporating the proximal human BTK promoter. Hematopoietic stem cells from Btk−/−Tec−/− mice transduced with this vector rescued lineage-specific expression and restored B cell function in Btk−/−Tec−/− recipients. Next, we tested addition of candidate enhancers and/or ubiquitous chromatin opening elements (UCOEs), as well as codon optimization to improve BTK expression. An Eμ enhancer improved B cell rescue, but increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies. Addition of the UCOE avoided autoantibody generation while improving B cell development and function and reducing vector silencing. An optimized vector containing a truncated UCOE upstream of the BTK promoter and codon-optimized BTK cDNA resulted in stable, lineage-regulated BTK expression that mirrored endogenous BTK, making it a strong candidate for XLA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Seymour
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Swati Singh
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Hannah M Certo
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Karen Sommer
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Blythe D Sather
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Socheath Khim
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Courtnee Clough
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Malika Hale
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Joseph Pangallo
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Byoung Y Ryu
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Iram F Khan
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jennifer E Adair
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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18
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The Seminiferous Epithelial Cycle of Spermatogenesis: Role of Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:1-20. [PMID: 34453729 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) are implicated in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, as well as cell adhesion and movement. NRTKs are expressed in all mammals and in different cell types, with extraordinarily high expression in the testis. Their association with the plasma membrane and dynamic subcellular localization are crucial parameters in their activation and function. Many NRTKs are found in endosomal protein trafficking pathways, which suggests a novel mechanism to regulate the timely junction restructuring in the mammalian testis to facilitate spermiation and germ cell transport across the seminiferous epithelium.
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19
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Torke S, Weber MS. Inhibition of Bruton´s tyrosine kinase as a novel therapeutic approach in multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1143-1150. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1807934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S. Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Ye B, Zhou C, Guo H, Zheng M. Effects of BTK signalling in pathogenic microorganism infections. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6522-6529. [PMID: 31397086 PMCID: PMC6787465 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is widely considered as a vital kinase in many aspects of different physiologic processes. It is engaged in many important signalling pathways related to the immune response, such as the B cell receptor pathway, pattern-recognition receptor pathway, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell pathway. Recent studies have increasingly focused on the important role of Btk in various inflammatory diseases, which are related to Btk expression in myeloid innate immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils. Although some investigations have explored the role of Btk in microbial infections, many aspects remain elusive, and some of the results are opposite and controversial. Considering the complicated and multiple roles of Btk in the immune system, we summarized the engagement of Btk signalling in various pathogenic microorganism infections, the possible mechanisms involved and its therapeutic potential in the control of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjue Ye
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhouChina
| | - Huiting Guo
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhouChina
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhouChina
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21
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Kim W, Kim E, Min H, Kim MG, Eisenbeis VB, Dutta AK, Pavlovic I, Jessen HJ, Kim S, Seong RH. Inositol polyphosphates promote T cell-independent humoral immunity via the regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12952-12957. [PMID: 31189594 PMCID: PMC6600927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821552116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-independent (TI) B cell response is critical for the early protection against pathogen invasion. The regulation and activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is known as a pivotal step of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling in TI humoral immunity, as observed in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) experiencing a high incidence of encapsulated bacterial infections. However, key questions remain as to whether a well-established canonical BCR signaling pathway is sufficient to regulate the activity of Btk. Here, we find that inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) acts as a physiological regulator of Btk in BCR signaling. Absence of higher order inositol phosphates (InsPs), inositol polyphosphates, leads to an inability to mount immune response against TI antigens. Interestingly, the significance of InsP6-mediated Btk regulation is more prominent in IgM+ plasma cells. Hence, the present study identifies higher order InsPs as principal components of B cell activation upon TI antigen stimulation and presents a mechanism for InsP-mediated regulation of the BCR signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/immunology
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- Agammaglobulinemia/genetics
- Agammaglobulinemia/immunology
- Agammaglobulinemia/pathology
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/immunology
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/pathology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism
- Phytic Acid/immunology
- Phytic Acid/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseob Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 34141 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyungyu Min
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 34141 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Verena B Eisenbeis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amit K Dutta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Igor Pavlovic
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 34141 Daejeon, Korea;
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea;
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22
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Ponzetti M, Rucci N. Updates on Osteoimmunology: What's New on the Cross-Talk Between Bone and Immune System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:236. [PMID: 31057482 PMCID: PMC6482259 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term osteoimmunology was coined many years ago to describe the research field that deals with the cross-regulation between bone cells and the immune system. As a matter of fact, many factors that are classically considered immune-related, such as InterLeukins (i.e., IL-6, -11, -17, and -23), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Receptor-Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa B (RANK), and its Ligand (RANKL), Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell, cytoplasmatic-1 (NFATc1), and others have all been found to be crucial in osteoclast and osteoblast biology. Conversely, bone cells, which we used to think would only regulate each other and take care of remodeling bone, actually regulate immune cells, by creating the so-called "endosteal niche." Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts participate to this niche, either by favoring engraftment, or mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs). In this review, we will describe the main milestones at the base of the osteoimmunology and present the key cellular players of the bone-immune system cross-talk, including HSCs, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone marrow macrophages, osteomacs, T- and B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. We will also briefly describe some pathological conditions in which the bone-immune system cross-talk plays a crucial role, with the final aim to portray the state of the art in the mechanisms regulating the bone-immune system interplay, and some of the latest molecular players in the field. This is important to encourage investigation in this field, to identify new targets in the treatment of bone and immune diseases.
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23
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Winkler TH, Mårtensson IL. The Role of the Pre-B Cell Receptor in B Cell Development, Repertoire Selection, and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2423. [PMID: 30498490 PMCID: PMC6249383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Around four decades ago, it had been observed that there were cell lines as well as cells in the fetal liver that expressed antibody μ heavy (μH) chains in the apparent absence of bona fide light chains. It was thus possible that these cells expressed another molecule(s), that assembled with μH chains. The ensuing studies led to the discovery of the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR), which is assembled from Ig μH and surrogate light (SL) chains, together with the signaling molecules Igα and β. It is expressed on a fraction of pro-B (pre-BI) cells and most large pre-B(II) cells, and has been implicated in IgH chain allelic exclusion and down-regulation of the recombination machinery, assessment of the expressed μH chains and shaping the IgH repertoire, transition from the pro-B to pre-B stage, pre-B cell expansion, and cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Winkler
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Goess C, Harris CM, Murdock S, McCarthy RW, Sampson E, Twomey R, Mathieu S, Mario R, Perham M, Goedken ER, Long AJ. ABBV-105, a selective and irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is efficacious in multiple preclinical models of inflammation. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:510-522. [PMID: 29862859 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1484269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase required for intracellular signaling downstream of multiple immunoreceptors. We evaluated ABBV-105, a covalent BTK inhibitor, using in vitro and in vivo assays to determine potency, selectivity, and efficacy to validate the therapeutic potential of ABBV-105 in inflammatory disease. METHODS ABBV-105 potency and selectivity were evaluated in enzymatic and cellular assays. The impact of ABBV-105 on B cell function in vivo was assessed using mechanistic models of antibody production. Efficacy of ABBV-105 in chronic inflammatory disease was evaluated in animal models of arthritis and lupus. Measurement of BTK occupancy was employed as a target engagement biomarker. RESULTS ABBV-105 irreversibly inhibits BTK, demonstrating superior kinome selectivity and is potent in B cell receptor, Fc receptor, and TLR-9-dependent cellular assays. Oral administration resulted in rapid clearance in plasma, but maintenance of BTK splenic occupancy. ABBV-105 inhibited antibody responses to thymus-independent and thymus-dependent antigens, paw swelling and bone destruction in rat collagen induced arthritis, and reduced disease in an IFNα-accelerated lupus nephritis model. BTK occupancy in disease models correlated with in vivo efficacy. CONCLUSION ABBV-105, a selective BTK inhibitor, demonstrates compelling efficacy in pre-clinical mechanistic models of antibody production and in models of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Murdock
- a AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | | | - Erik Sampson
- a AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | | | | | - Regina Mario
- a AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
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25
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Chen J, Kinoshita T, Gururaja T, Sukbuntherng J, James D, Lu D, Whang J, Versele M, Chang BY. The effect of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors on collagen-induced platelet aggregation, BTK, and tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC). Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:604-612. [PMID: 30030853 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) are expressed by human platelets. These kinases participate in platelet activation through the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI and may perform overlapping functions. In clinical studies, BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, tirabrutinib, zanubrutinib) have been associated with increased bleeding risk, which may result from inhibition of BTK alone or of both BTK and TEC, although the role of TEC in bleeding risk remains unclear. METHODS Here, in vitro catalytic and binding activities of ibrutinib and acalabrutinib were determined with four assay systems. Platelet aggregation assays determined inhibitor potency and its relationship to selectivity between BTK and TEC. RESULTS Neither inhibitor was substantially more selective for BTK over TEC. The potencies at which BTK inhibitors suppressed platelet aggregation correlated with the potencies in on-target BTK assays, including those in cells. At clinically relevant plasma concentration, ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and tirabrutinib inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation to a similar extent, despite differing in vitro IC50 s. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest BTK inhibition is the primary driver for inhibition of platelet aggregation. The subtle differences between these inhibitors suggest only randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies can fully address the bleeding risks of different BTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Danelle James
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lu
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Whang
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | | | - Betty Y Chang
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
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26
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Pal Singh S, Dammeijer F, Hendriks RW. Role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cells and malignancies. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:57. [PMID: 29455639 PMCID: PMC5817726 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor kinase that plays a crucial role in oncogenic signaling that is critical for proliferation and survival of leukemic cells in many B cell malignancies. BTK was initially shown to be defective in the primary immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and is essential both for B cell development and function of mature B cells. Shortly after its discovery, BTK was placed in the signal transduction pathway downstream of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). More recently, small-molecule inhibitors of this kinase have shown excellent anti-tumor activity, first in animal models and subsequently in clinical studies. In particular, the orally administered irreversible BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is associated with high response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL), including patients with high-risk genetic lesions. Because ibrutinib is generally well tolerated and shows durable single-agent efficacy, it was rapidly approved for first-line treatment of patients with CLL in 2016. To date, evidence is accumulating for efficacy of ibrutinib in various other B cell malignancies. BTK inhibition has molecular effects beyond its classic role in BCR signaling. These involve B cell-intrinsic signaling pathways central to cellular survival, proliferation or retention in supportive lymphoid niches. Moreover, BTK functions in several myeloid cell populations representing important components of the tumor microenvironment. As a result, there is currently a considerable interest in BTK inhibition as an anti-cancer therapy, not only in B cell malignancies but also in solid tumors. Efficacy of BTK inhibition as a single agent therapy is strong, but resistance may develop, fueling the development of combination therapies that improve clinical responses. In this review, we discuss the role of BTK in B cell differentiation and B cell malignancies and highlight the importance of BTK inhibition in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simar Pal Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Post graduate school Molecular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Dammeijer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Post graduate school Molecular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Okamoto K, Nakashima T, Shinohara M, Negishi-Koga T, Komatsu N, Terashima A, Sawa S, Nitta T, Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology: The Conceptual Framework Unifying the Immune and Skeletal Systems. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1295-1349. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Osteoimmunology was created as a new interdisciplinary field in large part to highlight the shared molecules and reciprocal interactions between the two systems in both heath and disease. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) plays an essential role not only in the development of immune organs and bones, but also in autoimmune diseases affecting bone, thus effectively comprising the molecule that links the two systems. Here we review the function, gene regulation, and signal transduction of osteoimmune molecules, including RANKL, in the context of osteoclastogenesis as well as multiple other regulatory functions. Osteoimmunology has become indispensable for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We review the various osteoimmune pathologies, including the bone destruction in RA, in which pathogenic helper T cell subsets [such as IL-17-expressing helper T (Th17) cells] induce bone erosion through aberrant RANKL expression. We also focus on cellular interactions and the identification of the communication factors in the bone marrow, discussing the contribution of bone cells to the maintenance and regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells. Thus the time has come for a basic reappraisal of the framework for understanding both the immune and bone systems. The concept of a unified osteoimmune system will be absolutely indispensable for basic and translational approaches to diseases related to bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Terashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Saunderson SC, McLellan AD. Role of Lymphocyte Subsets in the Immune Response to Primary B Cell-Derived Exosomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2225-2235. [PMID: 28842467 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid nanovesicles released after fusion of the endosomal limiting membrane with the plasma membrane. In this study, we investigated the requirement for CD4 T cells, B cells, and NK cells to provide help for CD8 T cell-mediated response to B cell-derived exosomes. CTL responses to Ag-loaded exosomes were dependent on host MHC class I, with a critical role for splenic langerin+ CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) in exosomal Ag cross-presentation. In addition, there was an absolute dependence on the presence of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and NK cells, where the loss of any one of these subsets led to a complete loss of CTL response. Interestingly, NK cell depletion experiments demonstrated a critical cutoff point for depletion efficacy, with low-level residual NK cells providing sufficient help to allow optimal CD8 T cell proliferative responses to exosomal protein. Despite the potential role for B cells in the response to B cell-derived exosomal proteins, B cell depletion did not alter the exosome-induced CTL response. Similarly, a possible role for the BCR or circulating Ab in mediating CTL responses to B cell-derived exosomes was ruled out using DHLMP2A mice, which lack secreted and membrane-bound Ab, yet harbor marginal zone and follicular B cells. In contrast, CTL responses to DC-derived exosomes were significantly inhibited within Ab-deficient DHLMP2A mice compared with wild-type mice. However, this response was not restored upon serum transfer, implicating a role for the BCR, but not circulating Ab, in DC-derived exosome responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Saunderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Alexander D McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand
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Mediation of transitional B cell maturation in the absence of functional Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46029. [PMID: 28378771 PMCID: PMC5380950 DOI: 10.1038/srep46029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked immune-deficient (Xid) mice, carrying a mutation in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), have multiple B cell lineage differentiation defects. We now show that, while Xid mice showed only mild reduction in the frequency of the late transitional (T2) stage of peripheral B cells, the defect became severe when the Xid genotype was combined with either a CD40-null, a TCRbeta-null or an MHC class II (MHCII)-null genotype. Purified Xid T1 and T2 B cells survived poorly in vitro compared to wild-type (WT) cells. BAFF rescued WT but not Xid T1 and T2 B cells from death in culture, while CD40 ligation equivalently rescued both. Xid transitional B cells ex vivo showed low levels of the p100 protein substrate for non-canonical NF-kappaB signalling. In vitro, CD40 ligation induced equivalent activation of the canonical but not of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway in Xid and WT T1 and T2 B cells. CD40 ligation efficiently rescued p100-null T1 B cells from neglect-induced death in vitro. These data indicate that CD40-mediated signals, likely from CD4 T cells, can mediate peripheral transitional B cell maturation independent of Btk and the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway, and thus contribute to the understanding of the complexities of peripheral B cell maturation.
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de Bruijn MJW, Rip J, van der Ploeg EK, van Greuningen LW, Ta VTB, Kil LP, Langerak AW, Rimmelzwaan GF, Ellmeier W, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Distinct and Overlapping Functions of TEC Kinase and BTK in B Cell Receptor Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3058-3068. [PMID: 28275136 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Tec tyrosine kinase is expressed in many cell types, including hematopoietic cells, and is a member of the Tec kinase family that also includes Btk. Although the role of Btk in B cells has been extensively studied, the role of Tec kinase in B cells remains largely unclear. It was previously shown that Tec kinase has the ability to partly compensate for loss of Btk activity in B cell differentiation, although the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we confirm that Tec kinase is not essential for normal B cell development when Btk is present, but we also found that Tec-deficient mature B cells showed increased activation, proliferation, and survival upon BCR stimulation, even in the presence of Btk. Whereas Tec deficiency did not affect phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ or Ca2+ influx, it was associated with significantly increased activation of the intracellular Akt/S6 kinase signaling pathway upon BCR and CD40 stimulation. The increased S6 kinase phosphorylation in Tec-deficient B cells was dependent on Btk kinase activity, as ibrutinib treatment restored pS6 to wild-type levels, although Btk protein and phosphorylation levels were comparable to controls. In Tec-deficient mice in vivo, B cell responses to model Ags and humoral immunity upon influenza infection were enhanced. Moreover, aged mice lacking Tec kinase developed a mild autoimmune phenotype. Taken together, these data indicate that in mature B cells, Tec and Btk may compete for activation of the Akt signaling pathway, whereby the activating capacity of Btk is limited by the presence of Tec kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J W de Bruijn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esmee K van der Ploeg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lars W van Greuningen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Van T B Ta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens P Kil
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
| | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Erickson RI, Schutt LK, Tarrant JM, McDowell M, Liu L, Johnson AR, Lewin-Koh SC, Hedehus M, Ross J, Carano RAD, Staflin K, Zhong F, Crawford JJ, Zhong S, Reif K, Katewa A, Wong H, Young WB, Dambach DM, Misner DL. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Small Molecule Inhibitors Induce a Distinct Pancreatic Toxicity in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 360:226-238. [PMID: 27821712 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.236224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 03/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases involved in B-cell and myeloid cell signaling. Small molecule inhibitors of BTK are being investigated for treatment of several hematologic cancers and autoimmune diseases. GDC-0853 ((S)-2-(3'-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-5-((5-(2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-[3,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)-7,7-dimethyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1(6H)-one) is a selective and reversible oral small-molecule BTK inhibitor in development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, administration of GDC-0853 and other structurally diverse BTK inhibitors for 7 days or longer caused pancreatic lesions consisting of multifocal islet-centered hemorrhage, inflammation, fibrosis, and pigment-laden macrophages with adjacent lobular exocrine acinar cell atrophy, degeneration, and inflammation. Similar findings were not observed in mice or dogs at much higher exposures. Hemorrhage in the peri-islet vasculature emerged between four and seven daily doses of GDC-0853 and was histologically similar to spontaneously occurring changes in aging SD rats. This suggests that GDC-0853 could exacerbate a background finding in younger animals. Glucose homeostasis was dysregulated following a glucose challenge; however, this occurred only after 28 days of administration and was not directly associated with onset or severity of pancreatic lesions. There were no changes in other common serum biomarkers assessing endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function. Additionally, these lesions were not readily detectable via Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Our results indicate that pancreatic lesions in rats are likely a class effect of BTK inhibitors, which may exacerbate an islet-centered pathology that is unlikely to be relevant to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I Erickson
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Leah K Schutt
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Jacqueline M Tarrant
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Michelle McDowell
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Adam R Johnson
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Sock-Cheng Lewin-Koh
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Maj Hedehus
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Jed Ross
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Richard A D Carano
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Karin Staflin
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - James J Crawford
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Shelly Zhong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Karin Reif
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Arna Katewa
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Harvey Wong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Wendy B Young
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Donna M Dambach
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Dinah L Misner
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.I.E., L.K.S., J.M.T., M.M., L.L., A.R.J., S.-C.L.-K., M.H., J.R., R.A.D.C., K.S., F.Z., J.J.C., S.Z., K.R., A.K., W.B.Y., D.M.D., D.L.M.); and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (H.W.); Primary Laboratory of Origin: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS59, South San Francisco, CA 94080
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Berglöf A, Hamasy A, Meinke S, Palma M, Krstic A, Månsson R, Kimby E, Österborg A, Smith CIE. Targets for Ibrutinib Beyond B Cell Malignancies. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:208-17. [PMID: 26111359 PMCID: PMC5347933 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib (Imbruvica™) is an irreversible, potent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Over the last few years, ibrutinib has developed from a promising drug candidate to being approved by FDA for the treatment of three B cell malignancies, a truly remarkable feat. Few, if any medicines are monospecific and ibrutinib is no exception; already during ibrutinib's initial characterization, it was found that it could bind also to other kinases. In this review, we discuss the implications of such interactions, which go beyond the selective effect on BTK in B cell malignancies. In certain cases, the outcome of ibrutinib treatment likely results from the combined inhibition of BTK and other kinases, causing additive or synergistic, effects. Conversely, there are also examples when the clinical outcome seems unrelated to inhibition of BTK. Thus, more specifically, adverse effects such as enhanced bleeding or arrhythmias could potentially be explained by different interactions. We also predict that during long‐term treatment bone homoeostasis might be affected due to the inhibition of osteoclasts. Moreover, the binding of ibrutinib to molecular targets other than BTK or effects on cells other than B cell‐derived malignancies could be beneficial and result in new indications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berglöf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Hamasy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Meinke
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Palma
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Krstic
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Månsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Kimby
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Österborg
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I E Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cho HS, Shin HM, Haberstock-Debic H, Xing Y, Owens TD, Funk JO, Hill RJ, Bradshaw JM, Berg LJ. A Small Molecule Inhibitor of ITK and RLK Impairs Th1 Differentiation and Prevents Colitis Disease Progression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4822-31. [PMID: 26466958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In T cells, the Tec kinases IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) and resting lymphocyte kinase (RLK) are activated by TCR stimulation and are required for optimal downstream signaling. Studies of CD4(+) T cells from Itk(-/-) and Itk(-/-)Rlk(-/-) mice have indicated differential roles of ITK and RLK in Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation and cytokine production. However, these findings are confounded by the complex T cell developmental defects in these mice. In this study, we examine the consequences of ITK and RLK inhibition using a highly selective and potent small molecule covalent inhibitor PRN694. In vitro Th polarization experiments indicate that PRN694 is a potent inhibitor of Th1 and Th17 differentiation and cytokine production. Using a T cell adoptive transfer model of colitis, we find that in vivo administration of PRN694 markedly reduces disease progression, T cell infiltration into the intestinal lamina propria, and IFN-γ production by colitogenic CD4(+) T cells. Consistent with these findings, Th1 and Th17 cells differentiated in the presence of PRN694 show reduced P-selectin binding and impaired migration to CXCL11 and CCL20, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that ITK plus RLK inhibition may have therapeutic potential in Th1-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Soo Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and
| | - Hyun Mu Shin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and
| | | | - Yan Xing
- Principia Biopharma, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | | | | | | | | | - Leslie J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and
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Bestas B, Turunen JJ, Blomberg KEM, Wang Q, Månsson R, El Andaloussi S, Berglöf A, Smith CIE. Splice-correction strategies for treatment of X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:510. [PMID: 25638286 PMCID: PMC4312560 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the gene coding for Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). Deficiency of BTK leads to a developmental block in B cell differentiation; hence, the patients essentially lack antibody-producing plasma cells and are susceptible to various infections. A substantial portion of the mutations in BTK results in splicing defects, consequently preventing the formation of protein-coding mRNA. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are therapeutic compounds that have the ability to modulate pre-mRNA splicing and alter gene expression. The potential of ASOs has been exploited for a few severe diseases, both in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Recently, advances have also been made in using ASOs as a personalized therapy for XLA. Splice-correction of BTK has been shown to be feasible for different mutations in vitro, and a recent proof-of-concept study demonstrated the feasibility of correcting splicing and restoring BTK both ex vivo and in vivo in a humanized bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-transgenic mouse model. This review summarizes the advances in splice correction, as a personalized medicine for XLA, and outlines the promises and challenges of using this technology as a curative long-term treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bestas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Novum Hälsovägen 7, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
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Burch JD, Barrett K, Chen Y, DeVoss J, Eigenbrot C, Goldsmith R, Ismaili MHA, Lau K, Lin Z, Ortwine DF, Zarrin AA, McEwan PA, Barker JJ, Ellebrandt C, Kordt D, Stein DB, Wang X, Chen Y, Hu B, Xu X, Yuen PW, Zhang Y, Pei Z. Tetrahydroindazoles as Interleukin-2 Inducible T-Cell Kinase Inhibitors. Part II. Second-Generation Analogues with Enhanced Potency, Selectivity, and Pharmacodynamic Modulation in Vivo. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3806-16. [PMID: 25844760 DOI: 10.1021/jm501998m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal chemistry community has directed considerable efforts toward the discovery of selective inhibitors of interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), given its role in T-cell signaling downstream of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the implications of this target for inflammatory disorders such as asthma. We have previously disclosed a structure- and property-guided lead optimization effort which resulted in the discovery of a new series of tetrahydroindazole-containing selective ITK inhibitors. Herein we disclose further optimization of this series that resulted in further potency improvements, reduced off-target receptor binding liabilities, and reduced cytotoxicity. Specifically, we have identified a correlation between the basicity of solubilizing elements in the ITK inhibitors and off-target antiproliferative effects, which was exploited to reduce cytotoxicity while maintaining kinase selectivity. Optimized analogues were shown to reduce IL-2 and IL-13 production in vivo following oral or intraperitoneal dosing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Burch
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kathy Barrett
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuan Chen
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason DeVoss
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard Goldsmith
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - M Hicham A Ismaili
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Lau
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel F Ortwine
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul A McEwan
- ‡Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom
| | - John J Barker
- ‡Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Ellebrandt
- §Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, D-22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kordt
- §Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, D-22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Stein
- §Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, D-22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- §Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, D-22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yong Chen
- ∥Pharmaron Beijing Ltd. Co., No. 6 TaiHe Road BDA, 100176 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baihua Hu
- ∥Pharmaron Beijing Ltd. Co., No. 6 TaiHe Road BDA, 100176 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- ∥Pharmaron Beijing Ltd. Co., No. 6 TaiHe Road BDA, 100176 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Po-Wai Yuen
- ∥Pharmaron Beijing Ltd. Co., No. 6 TaiHe Road BDA, 100176 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- ∥Pharmaron Beijing Ltd. Co., No. 6 TaiHe Road BDA, 100176 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Pei
- †Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Manne BK, Badolia R, Dangelmaier C, Eble JA, Ellmeier W, Kahn M, Kunapuli SP. Distinct pathways regulate Syk protein activation downstream of immune tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM receptors in platelets. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11557-68. [PMID: 25767114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase pathways are known to play an important role in the activation of platelets. In particular, the GPVI and CLEC-2 receptors are known to activate Syk upon tyrosine phosphorylation of an immune tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM, respectively. However, unlike GPVI, the CLEC-2 receptor contains only one tyrosine motif in the intracellular domain. The mechanisms by which this receptor activates Syk are not completely understood. In this study, we identified a novel signaling mechanism in CLEC-2-mediated Syk activation. CLEC-2-mediated, but not GPVI-mediated, platelet activation and Syk phosphorylation were abolished by inhibition of PI3K, which demonstrates that PI3K regulates Syk downstream of CLEC-2. Ibrutinib, a Tec family kinase inhibitor, also completely abolished CLEC-2-mediated aggregation and Syk phosphorylation in human and murine platelets. Furthermore, embryos lacking both Btk and Tec exhibited cutaneous edema associated with blood-filled vessels in a typical lymphatic pattern similar to CLEC-2 or Syk-deficient embryos. Thus, our data show, for the first time, that PI3K and Tec family kinases play a crucial role in the regulation of platelet activation and Syk phosphorylation downstream of the CLEC-2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Kanth Manne
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Rachit Badolia
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Carol Dangelmaier
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Johannes A Eble
- the Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- the Division of Immunobiology, Institution of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and
| | - Mark Kahn
- the Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-5159
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140,
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37
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Corneth OBJ, Klein Wolterink RGJ, Hendriks RW. BTK Signaling in B Cell Differentiation and Autoimmunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 393:67-105. [PMID: 26341110 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the original identification of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as the gene defective in the primary immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in 1993, our knowledge on the physiological function of BTK has expanded impressively. In this review, we focus on the role of BTK during B cell differentiation in vivo, both in the regulation of expansion and in the developmental progression of pre-B cells in the bone marrow and as a crucial signal transducer of signals downstream of the IgM or IgG B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in mature B cells governing proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In particular, we highlight BTK function in B cells in the context of host defense and autoimmunity. Small-molecule inhibitors of BTK have very recently shown impressive anti-tumor activity in clinical studies in patients with various B cell malignancies. Since promising effects of BTK inhibition were also seen in experimental animal models for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, BTK may be a good target for controlling autoreactive B cells in patients with systemic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel G J Klein Wolterink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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38
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Engels N, König LM, Schulze W, Radtke D, Vanshylla K, Lutz J, Winkler TH, Nitschke L, Wienands J. The immunoglobulin tail tyrosine motif upgrades memory-type BCRs by incorporating a Grb2-Btk signalling module. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5456. [PMID: 25413232 PMCID: PMC4263166 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vigorous response of IgG-switched memory B cells to recurring pathogens involves enhanced signalling from their B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs). However, the molecular signal amplification mechanisms of memory-type BCRs remained unclear. Here, we identify the immunoglobulin tail tyrosine (ITT) motif in the cytoplasmic segments of membrane-bound IgGs (mIgGs) as the principle signal amplification device of memory-type BCRs in higher vertebrates and decipher its signalling microanatomy. We show that different families of protein tyrosine kinases act upstream and downstream of the ITT. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activity is required for ITT phosphorylation followed by recruitment of the adaptor protein Grb2 into the mIgG-BCR signalosome. Grb2 in turn recruits Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) to amplify BCR-induced Ca(2+) mobilization. This molecular interplay of kinases and adaptors increases the antigen sensitivity of memory-type BCRs, which provides a cell-intrinsic trigger mechanism for the rapid reactivation of IgG-switched memory B cells on antigen recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Engels
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Medical Faculty, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars M. König
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Medical Faculty, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schulze
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Medical Faculty, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Radtke
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kanika Vanshylla
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Medical Faculty, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Lutz
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Medical Faculty, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Winkler
- Hematopoiesis Unit, Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Medical Faculty, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Dubovsky JA, Flynn R, Du J, Harrington BK, Zhong Y, Kaffenberger B, Yang C, Towns WH, Lehman A, Johnson AJ, Muthusamy N, Devine SM, Jaglowski S, Serody JS, Murphy WJ, Munn DH, Luznik L, Hill GR, Wong HK, MacDonald KKP, Maillard I, Koreth J, Elias L, Cutler C, Soiffer RJ, Antin JH, Ritz J, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Byrd JC, Blazar BR. Ibrutinib treatment ameliorates murine chronic graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4867-76. [PMID: 25271622 DOI: 10.1172/jci75328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a life-threatening impediment to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and current therapies do not completely prevent and/or treat cGVHD. CD4+ T cells and B cells mediate cGVHD; therefore, targeting these populations may inhibit cGVHD pathogenesis. Ibrutinib is an FDA-approved irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) that targets Th2 cells and B cells and produces durable remissions in B cell malignancies with minimal toxicity. Here, we evaluated whether ibrutinib could reverse established cGVHD in 2 complementary murine models, a model interrogating T cell-driven sclerodermatous cGVHD and an alloantibody-driven multiorgan system cGVHD model that induces bronchiolar obliterans (BO). In the T cell-mediated sclerodermatous cGVHD model, ibrutinib treatment delayed progression, improved survival, and ameliorated clinical and pathological manifestations. In the alloantibody-driven cGVHD model, ibrutinib treatment restored pulmonary function and reduced germinal center reactions and tissue immunoglobulin deposition. Animals lacking BTK and ITK did not develop cGVHD, indicating that these molecules are critical to cGVHD development. Furthermore, ibrutinib treatment reduced activation of T and B cells from patients with active cGVHD. Our data demonstrate that B cells and T cells drive cGVHD and suggest that ibrutinib has potential as a therapeutic agent, warranting consideration for cGVHD clinical trials.
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40
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Seda V, Mraz M. B-cell receptor signalling and its crosstalk with other pathways in normal and malignant cells. Eur J Haematol 2014; 94:193-205. [PMID: 25080849 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of B cells is intimately connected with the function of their B-cell receptor (BCR). B-cell lymphomas frequently (dys)regulate BCR signalling and thus take advantage of this pre-existing pathway for B-cell proliferation and survival. This has recently been underscored by clinical trials demonstrating that small molecules (fosfamatinib, ibrutinib, idelalisib) inhibiting BCR-associated kinases (SYK, BTK, PI3K) have an encouraging clinical effect. Here we describe the current knowledge of the specific aspects of BCR signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and normal B cells. Multiple factors can contribute to BCR pathway (dys)regulation in these malignancies and the activation of 'chronic' or 'tonic' BCR signalling. In lymphoma B cells, the balance of initiation, amplitude and duration of BCR activation can be influenced by a specific immunoglobulin structure, the expression and mutations of adaptor molecules (like GAB1, BLNK, GRB2, CARD11), the activity of kinases (like LYN, SYK, PI3K) or phosphatases (like SHIP-1, SHP-1 and PTEN) and levels of microRNAs. We also discuss the crosstalk of BCR with other signalling pathways (NF-κB, adhesion through integrins, migration and chemokine signalling) to emphasise that the 'BCR inhibitors' target multiple pathways interconnected with BCR, which might explain some of their clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Seda
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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41
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Bestas B, Moreno PMD, Blomberg KEM, Mohammad DK, Saleh AF, Sutlu T, Nordin JZ, Guterstam P, Gustafsson MO, Kharazi S, Piątosa B, Roberts TC, Behlke MA, Wood MJA, Gait MJ, Lundin KE, El Andaloussi S, Månsson R, Berglöf A, Wengel J, Smith CIE. Splice-correcting oligonucleotides restore BTK function in X-linked agammaglobulinemia model. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4067-81. [PMID: 25105368 DOI: 10.1172/jci76175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inherited immunodeficiency that results from mutations within the gene encoding Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Many XLA-associated mutations affect splicing of BTK pre-mRNA and severely impair B cell development. Here, we assessed the potential of antisense, splice-correcting oligonucleotides (SCOs) targeting mutated BTK transcripts for treating XLA. Both the SCO structural design and chemical properties were optimized using 2'-O-methyl, locked nucleic acid, or phosphorodiamidate morpholino backbones. In order to have access to an animal model of XLA, we engineered a transgenic mouse that harbors a BAC with an authentic, mutated, splice-defective human BTK gene. BTK transgenic mice were bred onto a Btk knockout background to avoid interference of the orthologous mouse protein. Using this model, we determined that BTK-specific SCOs are able to correct aberrantly spliced BTK in B lymphocytes, including pro-B cells. Correction of BTK mRNA restored expression of functional protein, as shown both by enhanced lymphocyte survival and reestablished BTK activation upon B cell receptor stimulation. Furthermore, SCO treatment corrected splicing and restored BTK expression in primary cells from patients with XLA. Together, our data demonstrate that SCOs can restore BTK function and that BTK-targeting SCOs have potential as personalized medicine in patients with XLA.
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42
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Burch JD, Lau K, Barker JJ, Brookfield F, Chen Y, Chen Y, Eigenbrot C, Ellebrandt C, Ismaili MHA, Johnson A, Kordt D, MacKinnon CH, McEwan PA, Ortwine DF, Stein DB, Wang X, Winkler D, Yuen PW, Zhang Y, Zarrin AA, Pei Z. Property- and structure-guided discovery of a tetrahydroindazole series of interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5714-27. [PMID: 24918870 DOI: 10.1021/jm500550e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, plays a major role in T-cell signaling downstream of the T-cell receptor (TCR), and considerable efforts have been directed toward discovery of ITK-selective inhibitors as potential treatments of inflammatory disorders such as asthma. Using a previously disclosed indazole series of inhibitors as a starting point, and using X-ray crystallography and solubility forecast index (SFI) as guides, we evolved a series of tetrahydroindazole inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity, and pharmaceutical properties. Highlights include identification of a selectivity pocket above the ligand plane, and identification of appropriate lipophilic substituents to occupy this space. This effort culminated in identification of a potent and selective ITK inhibitor (GNE-9822) with good ADME properties in preclinical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Burch
- Genentech Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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43
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BTK inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a glimpse to the future. Oncogene 2014; 34:2426-36. [PMID: 24954503 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with inhibitors targeting B cell receptor signaling and other survival mechanisms holds great promise. Especially the early clinical success of Ibrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), has received widespread attention. In this review we will focus on the fundamental and clinical aspects of BTK inhibitors in CLL, with emphasis on Ibrutinib as the best studied of this class of drugs. Furthermore, we summarize recent laboratory as well as clinical findings relating to the first cases of Ibrutinib resistance. Finally, we address combination strategies with Ibrutinib, and attempt to extrapolate its current status to the near future in the clinic.
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44
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Zhong Y, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Dubovsky JA. Targeting Interleukin-2-Inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) in T-Cell Related Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:1-11. [PMID: 27917390 DOI: 10.14304/surya.jpr.v2n6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IL2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the Tec family tyrosine kinases, is the predominant Tec kinase in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells mediating T cell receptor (TCR) and Fc receptor (Fc R) initiated signal transduction. ITK deficiency results in impaired T and NK cell functions, leading to various disorders including malignancies, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. In this mini-review, the role of ITK in T cell signaling and the development of small molecule inhibitors of ITK for the treatment of T-cell related disorders is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jason A Dubovsky
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Benson MJ, Rodriguez V, von Schack D, Keegan S, Cook TA, Edmonds J, Benoit S, Seth N, Du S, Messing D, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Rankin AL, Ruzek M, Schnute ME, Douhan J. Modeling the clinical phenotype of BTK inhibition in the mature murine immune system. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:185-97. [PMID: 24899507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) possess much promise for the treatment of oncologic and autoimmune indications. However, our current knowledge of the role of BTK in immune competence has been gathered in the context of genetic inactivation of btk in both mice and man. Using the novel BTK inhibitor PF-303, we model the clinical phenotype of BTK inhibition by systematically examining the impact of PF-303 on the mature immune system in mice. We implicate BTK in tonic BCR signaling, demonstrate dependence of the T3 B cell subset and IgM surface expression on BTK activity, and find that B1 cells survive and function independently of BTK. Although BTK inhibition does not impact humoral memory survival, Ag-driven clonal expansion of memory B cells and Ab-secreting cell generation are inhibited. These data define the role of BTK in the mature immune system and mechanistically predict the clinical phenotype of chronic BTK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah J Benson
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140;
| | | | - David von Schack
- Biotherapeutics Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Sean Keegan
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Tim A Cook
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Jason Edmonds
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Stephen Benoit
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Nilufer Seth
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Sarah Du
- Biotherapeutics Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Dean Messing
- Biotherapeutics Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140; and
| | | | | | - Andrew L Rankin
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Melanie Ruzek
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Mark E Schnute
- Biotherapeutics Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - John Douhan
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
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46
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Broides A, Hadad N, Levy J, Levy R. The effects of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition on chemotaxis and superoxide generation in human neutrophils. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:555-60. [PMID: 24771458 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) protein in neutrophil function has been evaluated using neutrophils from healthy volunteers after incubation with a Btk inhibitor, leflunomide metabolite analog (LFM-A13), suggesting an important role for Btk in neutrophil function. We sought to determine the role of Btk protein on neutrophil superoxide generation and chemotaxis stimulated by N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP). METHODS Chemotaxis was assayed on agarose gel and superoxide generation by cytochrome C reduction. The affects of LFM-A13 on chemotaxis and superoxide generation in unstimulated and fMLP stimulated neutrophils were studied in Btk deficient neutrophils from XLA patients compared with matched controls analyzed simultaneously. RESULTS Chemotaxis and stimulated superoxide production were similar in the normal and Btk deficient neutrophils and were similarly inhibited by LFM-A13. In one patient, LFMA13 had no effect on superoxide generation in Btk deficient neutrophils up to a concentration of 25 microM, while inhibited superoxide production by control neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Btk does not have a specific role in neutrophil fMLP-stimulated superoxide generation and chemotaxis since these activities were similarly inhibited by LFM-A13 in Btk deficient and normal neutrophils. The lack of superoxide generation following Btk inhibition by LFM-A13 in Btk deficient neutrophils from one patient may suggest some heterogeneity in the role of Btk in fMLP induced neutrophil superoxide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Broides
- Pediatric Immunology Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, POB 151, Beer-Sheva, Israel, 84101,
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47
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Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component of B cell receptor (BCR) signalling and functions as an important regulator of cell proliferation and cell survival in various B cell malignancies. Small-molecule inhibitors of BTK have shown antitumour activity in animal models and, recently, in clinical studies. High response rates were reported in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Remarkably, BTK inhibitors have molecular effects that cannot be explained by the classic role of BTK in BCR signalling. In this Review, we highlight the importance of BTK in various signalling pathways in the context of its therapeutic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saravanan Yuvaraj
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens P Kil
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Berglöf A, Turunen JJ, Gissberg O, Bestas B, Blomberg KEM, Smith CIE. Agammaglobulinemia: causative mutations and their implications for novel therapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:1205-21. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.850030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hong JB, Davidson JP, Jin Q, Lee GR, Matchett M, O’Brien E, Welch M, Bingenheimer B, Sarma K. Development of a Scalable Synthesis of a Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor via C–N and C–C Bond Couplings as an End Game Strategy. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op4001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bae Hong
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - James P. Davidson
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Qingwu Jin
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Gary R. Lee
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Michael Matchett
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Erin O’Brien
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Michael Welch
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Bill Bingenheimer
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Keshab Sarma
- Technical Sciences—Chemical
Synthesis, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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Rankin AL, Seth N, Keegan S, Andreyeva T, Cook TA, Edmonds J, Mathialagan N, Benson MJ, Syed J, Zhan Y, Benoit SE, Miyashiro JS, Wood N, Mohan S, Peeva E, Ramaiah SK, Messing D, Homer BL, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Schnute ME, Douhan J. Selective Inhibition of BTK Prevents Murine Lupus and Antibody-Mediated Glomerulonephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4540-50. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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