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Cooper L, Xu H, Polmear J, Kealy L, Szeto C, Pang ES, Gupta M, Kirn A, Taylor JJ, Jackson KJL, Broomfield BJ, Nguyen A, Gago da Graça C, La Gruta N, Utzschneider DT, Groom JR, Martelotto L, Parish IA, O'Keeffe M, Scharer CD, Gras S, Good-Jacobson KL. Type I interferons induce an epigenetically distinct memory B cell subset in chronic viral infection. Immunity 2024; 57:1037-1055.e6. [PMID: 38593796 PMCID: PMC11096045 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are key providers of long-lived immunity against infectious disease, yet in chronic viral infection, they do not produce effective protection. How chronic viral infection disrupts MBC development and whether such changes are reversible remain unknown. Through single-cell (sc)ATAC-seq and scRNA-seq during acute versus chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral infection, we identified a memory subset enriched for interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) during chronic infection that was distinct from the T-bet+ subset normally associated with chronic infection. Blockade of IFNAR-1 early in infection transformed the chromatin landscape of chronic MBCs, decreasing accessibility at ISG-inducing transcription factor binding motifs and inducing phenotypic changes in the dominating MBC subset, with a decrease in the ISG subset and an increase in CD11c+CD80+ cells. However, timing was critical, with MBCs resistant to intervention at 4 weeks post-infection. Together, our research identifies a key mechanism to instruct MBC identity during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jack Polmear
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Liam Kealy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Szeto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ee Shan Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alana Kirn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin J Broomfield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Catarina Gago da Graça
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole La Gruta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel T Utzschneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Luciano Martelotto
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics and the South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victoria Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian A Parish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Obare LM, Bonami RH, Doran AC, Wanjalla CN. B cells and atherosclerosis: A HIV perspective. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38651687 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally, with the complex interplay of inflammation and lipid metabolism at its core. Recent evidence suggests a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, this relationship remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of HIV. We review the multifaceted functions of B cells in atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on HIV. Unique to atherosclerosis is the pivotal role of natural antibodies, particularly those targeting oxidized epitopes abundant in modified lipoproteins and cellular debris. B cells can exert control over cellular immune responses within atherosclerotic arteries through antigen presentation, chemokine production, cytokine production, and cell-cell interactions, actively participating in local and systemic immune responses. We explore how HIV, characterized by chronic immune activation and dysregulation, influences B cells in the context of atherosclerosis, potentially exacerbating CVD risk in persons with HIV. By examining the proatherogenic and antiatherogenic properties of B cells, we aim to deepen our understanding of how B cells influence atherosclerotic plaque development, especially within the framework of HIV. This research provides a foundation for novel B cell-targeted interventions, with the potential to mitigate inflammation-driven cardiovascular events, offering new perspectives on CVD risk management in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laventa M Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel H Bonami
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Griffith S, Muir L, Suchanek O, Hope J, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Tuong ZK, Fung A, Touizer E, Rees-Spear C, Nans A, Roustan C, Alguel Y, Fink D, Orkin C, Deayton J, Anderson J, Gupta RK, Doores KJ, Cherepanov P, McKnight Á, Clatworthy M, McCoy LE. Preservation of memory B cell homeostasis in an individual producing broadly neutralising antibodies against HIV-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578789. [PMID: 38370662 PMCID: PMC10871235 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Immunological determinants favouring emergence of broadly neutralising antibodies are crucial to the development of HIV-1 vaccination strategies. Here, we combined RNAseq and B cell cloning approaches to isolate a broadly neutralising antibody (bnAb) ELC07 from an individual living with untreated HIV-1. Using single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that the antibody recognises a conformational epitope at the gp120-gp41 interface. ELC07 binds the closed state of the viral glycoprotein causing considerable perturbations to the gp41 trimer core structure. Phenotypic analysis of memory B cell subsets from the ELC07 bnAb donor revealed a lack of expected HIV-1-associated dysfunction, specifically no increase in CD21-/CD27- cells was observed whilst the resting memory (CD21+/CD27+) population appeared preserved despite uncontrolled HIV-1 viraemia. Moreover, single cell transcriptomes of memory B cells from this bnAb donor showed a resting memory phenotype irrespective of the epitope they targeted or their ability to neutralise diverse strains of HIV-1. Strikingly, single memory B cells from the ELC07 bnAb donor were transcriptionally similar to memory B cells from HIV-negative individuals. Our results demonstrate that potent bnAbs can arise without the HIV-1-induced dysregulation of the memory B cell compartment and suggest that sufficient levels of antigenic stimulation with a strategically designed immunogen could be effective in HIV-negative vaccine recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Griffith
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Muir
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua Hope
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Audrey Fung
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Touizer
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Rees-Spear
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Nans
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chloe Roustan
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yilmaz Alguel
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Douglas Fink
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Orkin
- SHARE collaborative, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jane Deayton
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Jane Anderson
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St-Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Menna Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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4
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Belderbos RA, Corneth OBJ, Dumoulin D, Hendriks RW, Aerts JGJV, Willemsen M. Atypical B cells (CD21-CD27-IgD-) correlate with lack of response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in NSCLC. Eur J Cancer 2024; 196:113428. [PMID: 38039777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Checkpoint inhibitor (CI) therapy has revolutionized treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a proportion of patients do not respond to CI therapy for unknown reasons. Although the current paradigm in anti-tumor immunity evolves around T cells, the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures and memory B cells has been positively correlated with response to CI therapy in NSCLC. In addition, double negative (DN) (CD27- IgD-) B cells have been shown to be abundant in NSCLC compared to healthy lung tissue and inversely correlate with the intratumoral presence of memory B cells. Nonetheless, no study has correlated DN B cells to survival in NSCLC. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the presence and phenotype of B cells in peripheral blood with flow cytometry of patients with NSCLC and mesothelioma before receiving CI therapy and correlated these with clinical outcome. RESULTS Non-responding patients showed decreased frequencies of B cells, yet increased frequencies of antigen-experienced CD21- DN (Atypical) B cells compared to responding patients and HC, which was confirmed in patients with mesothelioma treated with CI therapy. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the frequency of CD21- DN B cells correlates with lack of response to CI therapy in thoracic malignancies. The mechanism by which CD21- DN B cells hamper CI therapy remains unknown. Our findings support the hypothesis that CD21- DN B cells resemble phenotypically identical exhausted B cells that are seen in chronic infection or function as antigen presenting cells that induce regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Belderbos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - D Dumoulin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - J G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M Willemsen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Sponaugle A, Weideman AMK, Ranek J, Atassi G, Kuruc J, Adimora AA, Archin NM, Gay C, Kuritzkes DR, Margolis DM, Vincent BG, Stanley N, Hudgens MG, Eron JJ, Goonetilleke N. Dominant CD4 + T cell receptors remain stable throughout antiretroviral therapy-mediated immune restoration in people with HIV. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101268. [PMID: 37949070 PMCID: PMC10694675 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In people with HIV (PWH), the post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) window is critical for immune restoration and HIV reservoir stabilization. We employ deep immune profiling and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and examine proliferation to assess how ART impacts T cell homeostasis. In PWH on long-term ART, lymphocyte frequencies and phenotypes are mostly stable. By contrast, broad phenotypic changes in natural killer (NK) cells, γδ T cells, B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are observed in the post-ART window. Whereas CD8+ T cells mostly restore, memory CD4+ T subsets and cytolytic NK cells show incomplete restoration 1.4 years post ART. Surprisingly, the hierarchies and frequencies of dominant CD4 TCR clonotypes (0.1%-11% of all CD4+ T cells) remain stable post ART, suggesting that clonal homeostasis can be independent of homeostatic processes regulating CD4+ T cell absolute number, phenotypes, and function. The slow restoration of host immunity post ART also has implications for the design of ART interruption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Sponaugle
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ann Marie K Weideman
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jolene Ranek
- Computational Medicine Program, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gatphan Atassi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - JoAnn Kuruc
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adaora A Adimora
- Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancie M Archin
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia Gay
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel R Kuritzkes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Computational Medicine Program, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Computer Science, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph J Eron
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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6
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Association of envelope-specific B-cell differentiation and viral selective pressure signatures in HIV-1 CRF01_AE infection. AIDS 2022; 36:1629-1641. [PMID: 35848590 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection, virus-specific B-cell and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses are impaired but exert selective pressure on target viral Envelope (Env) resulting in prominent sequence diversification among geographical areas. The basal induction patterns of HIV Env-specific B cells and their interaction with HIV Env awaits clarification. DESIGN We investigated the relationship of Env polymorphisms and Env-specific B-cell responses in treatment-naive HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected Vietnamese. METHODS Samples of 43 HIV-1 CRF01_AE infection-identified individuals were divided into acute-phase ( n = 12) and chronic-phase ( n = 31) by combined criteria of serological recent-infection assay and clinical parameters. We quantified subcloning-based polymorphic residue site numbers in plasma-derived Env variable region 1-5 (V1-V5)-coding regions within each individual, designating their summation within each region as variant index. Peripheral blood Env gp 140-specific B-cell responses and plasma neutralizing activity of Env pseudoviruses were examined to analyze their relationship with variant index. RESULTS HIV-1 CRF01_AE Env gp140-specific total B-cell and plasma cell (CD19 + IgD - CD27 + CD38 + CD138 + ) responses were determined. In chronic-phase samples, significant correlation of variant index in all Env V1-V5 regions with Env-specific plasma cell responses was shown, and V1-V5 total variant index correlated stronger with Env-specific plasma cell as compared with total Env-specific B-cell responses. Env V5 variant index was significantly higher in chronic-phase cross-neutralizers of V5-polymorphic/VRC01-insensitive CRF01_AE Env. CONCLUSION Results revealed the association between circulating Env-specific plasma cell responses and Env polymorphisms, implicating selective pressure on Env by plasma cell-derived antibodies and conversely suggests that Env-specific B-cell induction alone is insufficient for exerting Env selective pressure in HIV infection.
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7
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Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations and Their Regulatory Potential in the Context of HIV and Other Chronic Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063372. [PMID: 35328792 PMCID: PMC8949885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) establishes early and persists beyond antiretroviral therapy (ART). As such, we have shown excess B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in the blood of HIV-infected progressors, as soon as in the acute phase, and despite successful ART. Excess BAFF was associated with deregulation of the B-cell compartment; notably, with increased frequencies of a population sharing features of both transitional immature (TI) and marginal zone (MZ) B-cells, we termed Marginal Zone precursor-like (MZp). We have reported similar observations with HIV-transgenic mice, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected macaques, and more recently, with HIV-infected Beninese commercial sex workers, which suggests that excess BAFF and increased frequencies of MZp B-cells are reliable markers of inflammation in the context of HIV. Importantly, we have recently shown that in healthy individuals, MZps present an important regulatory B-cell (Breg) profile and function. Herein, we wish to review our current knowledge on MZ B-cell populations, especially their Breg status, and that of other B-cell populations sharing similar features. BAFF and its analog A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) are important in shaping the MZ B-cell pool; moreover, the impact that excess BAFF—encountered in the context of HIV and several chronic inflammatory conditions—may exert on MZ B-cell populations, Breg and antibody producing capacities is a threat to the self-integrity of their antibody responses and immune surveillance functions. As such, deregulations of MZ B-cell populations contribute to autoimmune manifestations and the development of MZ lymphomas (MZLs) in the context of HIV and other inflammatory diseases. Therefore, further comprehending the mechanisms regulating MZ B-cell populations and their functions could be beneficial to innovative therapeutic avenues that could be deployed to restore MZ B-cell immune competence in the context of chronic inflammation involving excess BAFF.
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8
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Shindiapina P, Pietrzak M, Seweryn M, McLaughlin E, Zhang X, Makowski M, Ahmed EH, Schlotter S, Pearson R, Kitzler R, Mozhenkova A, Le-Rademacher J, Little RF, Akpek G, Ayala E, Devine SM, Kaplan LD, Noy A, Popat UR, Hsu JW, Morris LE, Mendizabal AM, Krishnan A, Wachsman W, Williams N, Sharma N, Hofmeister CC, Forman SJ, Navarro WH, Alvarnas JC, Ambinder RF, Lozanski G, Baiocchi RA. Immune Recovery Following Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in HIV-Related Lymphoma Patients on the BMT CTN 0803/AMC 071 Trial. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700045. [PMID: 34539628 PMCID: PMC8446430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a first in-depth comparison of immune reconstitution in patients with HIV-related lymphoma following autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (AHCT) recipients (n=37, lymphoma, BEAM conditioning), HIV(-) AHCT recipients (n=30, myeloma, melphalan conditioning) at 56, 180, and 365 days post-AHCT, and 71 healthy control subjects. Principal component analysis showed that immune cell composition in HIV(+) and HIV(-) AHCT recipients clustered away from healthy controls and from each other at each time point, but approached healthy controls over time. Unsupervised feature importance score analysis identified activated T cells, cytotoxic memory and effector T cells [higher in HIV(+)], and naïve and memory T helper cells [lower HIV(+)] as a having a significant impact on differences between HIV(+) AHCT recipient and healthy control lymphocyte composition (p<0.0033). HIV(+) AHCT recipients also demonstrated lower median absolute numbers of activated B cells and lower NK cell sub-populations, compared to healthy controls (p<0.0033) and HIV(-) AHCT recipients (p<0.006). HIV(+) patient T cells showed robust IFNγ production in response to HIV and EBV recall antigens. Overall, HIV(+) AHCT recipients, but not HIV(-) AHCT recipients, exhibited reconstitution of pro-inflammatory immune profiling that was consistent with that seen in patients with chronic HIV infection treated with antiretroviral regimens. Our results further support the use of AHCT in HIV(+) individuals with relapsed/refractory lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Shindiapina
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michal Seweryn
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Eric McLaughlin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Elshafa Hassan Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Veterenary Biosciences, College of Veterenary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah Schlotter
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca Pearson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rhonda Kitzler
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anna Mozhenkova
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Le-Rademacher
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Richard F Little
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gorgun Akpek
- Pacific Central Coast Health Centers, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States
| | - Ernesto Ayala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Steven M Devine
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lawrence D Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ariela Noy
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Uday R Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jack W Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lawrence E Morris
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program at Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Amrita Krishnan
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - William Wachsman
- Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nita Williams
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Willis H Navarro
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Global Research and Development, Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C Alvarnas
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Richard F Ambinder
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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9
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Wood MP, Jones CI, Lippy A, Oliver BG, Walund B, Fancher KA, Fisher BS, Wright PJ, Fuller JT, Murapa P, Habib J, Mavigner M, Chahroudi A, Sather DN, Fuller DH, Sodora DL. Rapid progression is associated with lymphoid follicle dysfunction in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009575. [PMID: 33961680 PMCID: PMC8133453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected infants are at an increased risk of progressing rapidly to AIDS in the first weeks of life. Here, we evaluated immunological and virological parameters in 25 SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques to understand the factors influencing a rapid disease outcome. Infant macaques were infected with SIVmac251 and monitored for 10 to 17 weeks post-infection. SIV-infected infants were divided into either typical (TypP) or rapid (RP) progressor groups based on levels of plasma anti-SIV antibody and viral load, with RP infants having low SIV-specific antibodies and high viral loads. Following SIV infection, 11 out of 25 infant macaques exhibited an RP phenotype. Interestingly, TypP had lower levels of total CD4 T cells, similar reductions in CD4/CD8 ratios and elevated activation of CD8 T cells, as measured by the levels of HLA-DR, compared to RP. Differences between the two groups were identified in other immune cell populations, including a failure to expand activated memory (CD21-CD27+) B cells in peripheral blood in RP infant macaques, as well as reduced levels of germinal center (GC) B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in spleens (4- and 10-weeks post-SIV). Reduced B cell proliferation in splenic germinal GCs was associated with increased SIV+ cell density and follicular type 1 interferon (IFN)-induced immune activation. Further analyses determined that at 2-weeks post SIV infection TypP infants exhibited elevated levels of the GC-inducing chemokine CXCL13 in plasma, as well as significantly lower levels of viral envelope diversity compared to RP infants. Our findings provide evidence that early viral and immunologic events following SIV infection contributes to impairment of B cells, Tfh cells and germinal center formation, ultimately impeding the development of SIV-specific antibody responses in rapidly progressing infant macaques. Despite significant reductions in vertical HIV transmission, nearly 100,000 children succumb to AIDS-related illnesses each year. Indeed, infants face a disproportionately higher risk of progressing to AIDS, with roughly half of HIV+ infants exhibiting a rapid progression to AIDS-associated morbidity and mortality. Here, we evaluated immunological and virological parameters in 25 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected infant rhesus macaques to assess the factors that influence a rapid disease outcome. Infant macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and divided into either typical (TypP) or rapid (RP) progressor groups. RP infants exhibited low levels of plasma anti-SIV antibody and high viral loads. Following SIV infection, 11 out of 25 infant macaques exhibited an RP phenotype with some exhibiting AIDS-related symptoms. This study provides evidence that the low levels of anti-SIV antibodies are associated with impairments to both B and T cells in both blood and lymphoid tissues. These changes are associated with the prolonged expression of type 1 interferons which may be impeding development of a healthy humoral immune response in these rapidly progressing SIV-infected infant macaques. These findings have implications regarding potential therapeutic approaches to prevent rapid progression in HIV infected infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Wood
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chloe I. Jones
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adriana Lippy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brynn Walund
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Fancher
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bridget S. Fisher
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Piper J. Wright
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James T. Fuller
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patience Murapa
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Jakob Habib
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maud Mavigner
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia United States of America
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia United States of America
| | - D. Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Sodora
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Trovato M, Ibrahim HM, Isnard S, Le Grand R, Bosquet N, Borhis G, Richard Y. Distinct Features of Germinal Center Reactions in Macaques Infected by SIV or Vaccinated with a T-Dependent Model Antigen. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020263. [PMID: 33572146 PMCID: PMC7916050 DOI: 10.3390/v13020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell follicles constitute large reservoirs of infectious HIV/SIV associated to follicular dendritic cells and infecting follicular helper (TFH) and regulatory (TFR) T-cells in germinal centers (GCs). Thus, follicular and GC B-cells are persistently exposed to viral antigens. Despite recent development of potent HIV immunogens, numerous questions are still open regarding GC reaction during early HIV/SIV infection. Here, we dissect the dynamics of B- and T-cells in GCs of macaques acutely infected by SIV (Group SIV+) or vaccinated with Tetanus Toxoid (Group TT), a T-dependent model antigen. Systemic inflammation and mobilization of antigen-presenting cells in inguinal lymph nodes and spleen are lower in Group TT than in Group SIV+. Despite spleen GC reaction of higher magnitude in Group SIV+, the development of protective immunity could be limited by abnormal helper functions of TFH massively polarized into TFH1-like cells, by inflammation-induced recruitment of fCD8 (either regulatory or cytotoxic) and by low numbers of TFR limiting TFH/TFR competition for high affinity B-cells. Increased GC B-cells apoptosis and accumulation of CD21lo memory B-cells, unable to further participate to GC reaction, likely contribute to eliminate SIV-specific B-cells and decrease antibody affinity maturation. Surprisingly, functional GCs and potent TT-specific antibodies develop despite low levels of CXCL13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France; (M.T.); (H.M.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Hany M. Ibrahim
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France; (M.T.); (H.M.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Stephane Isnard
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France; (M.T.); (H.M.I.); (S.I.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (R.L.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (R.L.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Nathalie Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (R.L.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Gwenoline Borhis
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France; (M.T.); (H.M.I.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (Y.R.); Tel.: +44-12-2391-8127 (G.B.); +33-1-4051-6585 (Y.R.)
| | - Yolande Richard
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France; (M.T.); (H.M.I.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (Y.R.); Tel.: +44-12-2391-8127 (G.B.); +33-1-4051-6585 (Y.R.)
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11
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Wang YF, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Zhang H, Wang TY, Cao Y, Morris DL, Sheng Y, Yin X, Zhong SL, Gu X, Lei Y, He J, Wu Q, Shen JJ, Yang J, Lam TH, Lin JH, Mai ZM, Guo M, Tang Y, Chen Y, Song Q, Ban B, Mok CC, Cui Y, Lu L, Shen N, Sham PC, Lau CS, Smith DK, Vyse TJ, Zhang X, Lau YL, Yang W. Identification of 38 novel loci for systemic lupus erythematosus and genetic heterogeneity between ancestral groups. Nat Commun 2021; 12:772. [PMID: 33536424 PMCID: PMC7858632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a worldwide autoimmune disease with high heritability, shows differences in prevalence, severity and age of onset among different ancestral groups. Previous genetic studies have focused more on European populations, which appear to be the least affected. Consequently, the genetic variations that underlie the commonalities, differences and treatment options in SLE among ancestral groups have not been well elucidated. To address this, we undertake a genome-wide association study, increasing the sample size of Chinese populations to the level of existing European studies. Thirty-eight novel SLE-associated loci and incomplete sharing of genetic architecture are identified. In addition to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, nine disease loci show clear ancestral differences and implicate antibody production as a potential mechanism for differences in disease manifestation. Polygenic risk scores perform significantly better when trained on ancestry-matched data sets. These analyses help to reveal the genetic basis for disparities in SLE among ancestral groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huoru Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting-You Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, USA
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David L Morris
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Lei
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangshan Jane Shen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Mai
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mengbiao Guo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David K Smith
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy J Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wanling Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Rocha CC, da Silva Andrade SC, de Melo GD, Motta IG, Coutinho LL, Gonella-Diaza AM, Binelli M, Pugliesi G. Early pregnancy-induced transcripts in peripheral blood immune cells in Bos indicus heifers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13733. [PMID: 32792605 PMCID: PMC7426272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells play a central role in early pregnancy establishment in cattle. We aimed to: (1) discover novel early-pregnancy-induced genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and (2) characterize the temporal pattern of early-pregnancy-induced transcription of select genes in PBMC and peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Beef heifers were artificially inseminated on D0 and pregnancies were diagnosed on D28. On D10, 14, 16, 18, and 20, blood was collected for isolation of PBMC and PMN from heifers that were retrospectively classified as pregnant (P) or non-pregnant (NP). PBMC samples from D18 were submitted to RNAseq and 220 genes were differentially expressed between pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (NP) heifers. The temporal abundance of 20 transcripts was compared between P and NP, both in PBMC and PMN. In PBMC, pregnancy stimulated transcription of IFI6, RSAD2, IFI44, IFITM2, CLEC3B, OAS2, TNFSF13B, DMKN and LGALS3BP as early as D18. Expression of IFI44, RSAD2, OAS2, LGALS3BP, IFI6 and C1R in PMN was stimulated in the P group from D18. The novel early-pregnancy induced genes discovered in beef heifers will allow both the understanding of the role of immune cells during the pre-attachment period and the development of technologies to detect early pregnancies in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Constantino Rocha
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Dalmaso de Melo
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Garcia Motta
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, School of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Gonella-Diaza
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Abstract
Gene expression profiling of the host response to HIV infection has promised to fill the gaps in our knowledge and provide new insights toward vaccine and cure. However, despite 20 years of research, the biggest questions remained unanswered. A literature review identified 62 studies examining gene expression dysregulation in samples from individuals living with HIV. Changes in gene expression were dependent on cell/tissue type, stage of infection, viremia, and treatment status. Some cell types, notably CD4+ T cells, exhibit upregulation of cell cycle, interferon-related, and apoptosis genes consistent with depletion. Others, including CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, exhibit perturbed function in the absence of direct infection with HIV. Dysregulation is greatest during acute infection. Differences in study design and data reporting limit comparability of existing research and do not as yet provide a coherent overview of gene expression in HIV. This review outlines the extraordinarily complex host response to HIV and offers recommendations to realize the full potential of HIV host transcriptomics.
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14
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Cooper L, Good-Jacobson KL. Dysregulation of humoral immunity in chronic infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:456-466. [PMID: 32275789 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic viral infections disrupt the ability of the humoral immune response to produce neutralizing antibody or form effective immune memory, preventing viral clearance and making vaccine design difficult. Multiple components of the B-cell response are affected by pathogens that are not cleared from the host. Changes in the microenvironment shift production of B cells to short-lived plasma cells early in the response. Polyclonal B cells are recruited into both the plasma cell and germinal center compartments, inhibiting the formation of a targeted, high-affinity response. Finally, memory B cells shift toward an "atypical" phenotype, which may in turn result in changes to the functional properties of this population. While similar properties of B-cell dysregulation have been described across different types of persistent infections, key questions about the underlying mechanisms remain. This review will discuss the recent advances in this field, as well as highlight the critical questions about the interplay between viral load, microenvironment, the polyclonal response and atypical memory B cells that are yet to be answered. Design of new preventative treatments will rely on identifying the extrinsic and intrinsic modulators that push B cells toward an ineffective response, and thus identify new ways to guide them back onto the best path for clearance of virus and formation of effective immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Cooper
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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15
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Muema DM, Akilimali NA, Ndumnego OC, Rasehlo SS, Durgiah R, Ojwach DBA, Ismail N, Dong M, Moodley A, Dong KL, Ndhlovu ZM, Mabuka JM, Walker BD, Mann JK, Ndung'u T. Association between the cytokine storm, immune cell dynamics, and viral replicative capacity in hyperacute HIV infection. BMC Med 2020; 18:81. [PMID: 32209092 PMCID: PMC7093991 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunological damage in acute HIV infection (AHI) may predispose to detrimental clinical sequela. However, studies on the earliest HIV-induced immunological changes are limited, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the plasma cytokines kinetics, and their associations with virological and immunological parameters, in a well-characterized AHI cohort where participants were diagnosed before peak viremia. METHODS Blood cytokine levels were measured using Luminex and ELISA assays pre-infection, during the hyperacute infection phase (before or at peak viremia, 1-11 days after the first detection of viremia), after peak viremia (24-32 days), and during the early chronic phase (77-263 days). Gag-protease-driven replicative capacities of the transmitted/founder viruses were determined using a green fluorescent reporter T cell assay. Complete blood counts were determined before and immediately following AHI detection before ART initiation. RESULTS Untreated AHI was associated with a cytokine storm of 12 out of the 33 cytokines analyzed. Initiation of ART during Fiebig stages I-II abrogated the cytokine storm. In untreated AHI, virus replicative capacity correlated positively with IP-10 (rho = 0.84, P < 0.001) and IFN-alpha (rho = 0.59, P = 0.045) and inversely with nadir CD4+ T cell counts (rho = - 0.58, P = 0.048). Hyperacute HIV infection before the initiation of ART was associated with a transient increase in monocytes (P < 0.001), decreased lymphocytes (P = 0.011) and eosinophils (P = 0.003) at Fiebig stages I-II, and decreased eosinophils (P < 0.001) and basophils (P = 0.007) at Fiebig stages III-V. Levels of CXCL13 during the untreated hyperacute phase correlated inversely with blood eosinophils (rho = - 0.89, P < 0.001), basophils (rho = - 0.87, P = 0.001) and lymphocytes (rho = - 0.81, P = 0.005), suggesting their trafficking into tissues. In early treated individuals, time to viral load suppression correlated positively with plasma CXCL13 at the early chronic phase (rho = 0.83, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION While commencement of ART during Fiebig stages I-II of AHI abrogated the HIV-induced cytokine storm, significant depletions of eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes, as well as transient expansions of monocytes, were still observed in these individuals in the hyperacute phase before the initiation of ART, suggesting that even ART initiated during the onset of viremia does not abrogate all HIV-induced immune changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Muema
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | - Doty B A Ojwach
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nasreen Ismail
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mary Dong
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Amber Moodley
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Krista L Dong
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zaza M Ndhlovu
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruce D Walker
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaclyn K Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa. .,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany. .,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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16
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Borhis G, Trovato M, Ibrahim HM, Isnard S, Le Grand R, Bosquet N, Richard Y. Impact of BAFF Blockade on Inflammation, Germinal Center Reaction and Effector B-Cells During Acute SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:252. [PMID: 32194549 PMCID: PMC7061218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B-cell dysfunctions and inefficient antibody response suggest germinal center (GC) impairments during HIV/SIV infection with possible contribution of overproduced B-cell activating factor (BAFF). To address this question, we compared proportions and functions of various B-cell subsets and follicular helper T-cells (TFH) in untreated (Placebo) and BR3-Fc treated (Treated) SIV-infected macaques. From day 2 post-infection (dpi), Treated macaques received one weekly injection of BR3-Fc molecule, a soluble BAFF antagonist, for 4 weeks. Whereas, the kinetics of CD4+ T-cell loss and plasma viral loads were comparable in both groups, BAFF blockade delayed the peak of inflammatory cytokines (CXCL10, IFNα), impaired the renewal of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and fostered the decline of plasma CXCL13 titers after 14 dpi. In Treated macaques, proportions of total and naïve B-cells were reduced in blood and spleen whereas SIV-induced loss of marginal zone (MZ) B-cells was only accentuated in blood and terminal ileum. Proportions of spleen GC B-cells and TFH were similar in both groups, with CD8+ T-cells and rare Foxp3+ being present in spleen GC. Regardless of treatment, sorted TFH produced similar levels of IL21, CXCL13, and IFNγ but no IL2, IL4, or BAFF and exhibited similar capacities to support IgG production by autologous or heterologous B-cells. Consistently, most TFH were negative for BAFF-R and TACI. Higher proportions of resting and atypical (CD21lo) memory B-cells were present in Treated macaques compared to Placebo. In both groups, we found higher levels of BAFF-R expression on MZ and resting memory B-cells but low levels on atypical memory B-cells. TACI was present on 20-30% of MZ, resting and atypical memory B-cells in Placebo macaques. BAFF blockade decreased TACI expression on these B-cell subsets as well as titers of SIV-specific and vaccine-specific antibodies arguing for BAFF being mandatory for plasma cell survival. Irrespective of treatment, GC B-cells expressed BAFF-R at low level and were negative for TACI. In addition to key information on spleen BAFF-R and TACI expression, our data argue for BAFF contributing to the GC reaction in terminal ileum but being dispensable for the generation of atypical memory B-cells and GC reaction in spleen during T-dependent response against SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenoline Borhis
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Maria Trovato
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Hany M Ibrahim
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Isnard
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Bosquet
- CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yolande Richard
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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17
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Dhande J, Salunke P, Kulkarni A, Ghate M, Thakar M. Short Communication: Nonprogressive HIV-1 Infection Is Associated with Expansion of IL-21R Expressing Class-Switched Memory B Cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:729-733. [PMID: 31044603 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV perturbs the functionality of B cells resulting in defective humoral responses. As efficient humoral immune responses are important in controlling HIV-disease progression, we characterized the memory B cell population for its subsets and their activation (CD38 expression) and functional [interleukin (IL)-21R expression] profile in individuals with nonprogressive [long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), N = 16] and progressive HIV disease (progressors, N = 16) along with 10 HIV uninfected healthy controls (HCs). The frequencies of total memory B cells were similar in HCs and HIV-infected individuals, whereas the frequencies of unswitched memory B (UMB) cells and CD38+ UMB cells were significantly higher in progressors than LTNPs and HCs (p < .03). LTNPs showed higher frequencies of class-switched memory B (SMB) cells and IL-21R expressing SMB cells than seen in progressors (p = .019), which were similar to that seen in HCs. The %UMB cells correlated inversely (p = .0002, r = -0.6053) and %SMB cells correlated positively (p = .0005, r = 0.5804) with CD4 count. IL-21/IL-21R interaction is required for class switching of B cells and differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells. The higher expression of IL-21R on class SMB cells from LTNPs might be resulting in efficient plasma cell differentiation and the functional humoral immune response that might be responsible for mounting efficient antibody response against the encountered infections. The more insights in this area might be required to further understand the role of IL-21R expressing class SMB cells in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Dhande
- Departments of Immunology and Serology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Pooja Salunke
- Departments of Immunology and Serology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Archana Kulkarni
- Departments of Immunology and Serology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Manisha Ghate
- Departments of Immunology and Serology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Madhuri Thakar
- Departments of Immunology and Serology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
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18
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HIV Replication in Humanized IL-3/GM-CSF-Transgenic NOG Mice. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010033. [PMID: 30871027 PMCID: PMC6470732 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mouse models that mimic the kinetics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is critical for the understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe the dynamics of HIV infection in humanized NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice bearing the human genes for interleukin (IL)-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (NOG-EXL mice). The kinetics of viral load, as well as the frequencies of T-cells, B-cells, Natural killer cells (NK), monocytes, and dendritic cells in blood and secondary lymphoid organs were evaluated throughout the time of infection. In comparison with a non-transgenic humanized mouse (NSG) strain, lymphoid and myeloid populations were more efficiently engrafted in humanized NOG-EXL mice, both in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. In addition, HIV actively replicated in humanized NOG-EXL mice, and infection induced a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ T-cells, inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio, and changes in some cell populations, such as monocytes and dendritic cells, that recapitulated those found in human natural infection. Thus, the humanized IL-3/GM-CSF-transgenic NOG mouse model is suitable for the study of the dynamics of HIV infection and provides a tool for basic and preclinical studies.
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19
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Dang LVP, Pham VH, Nguyen DM, Dinh TT, Nguyen TH, Le TH, Nguyen VL, Vu TP. Elevation of immunoglobulin levels is associated with treatment failure in HIV-infected children in Vietnam. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2019; 11:1-7. [PMID: 30643469 PMCID: PMC6311331 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s181388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background HIV-infected children suffer from higher levels of treatment failure compared to adults. Immunoactivation, including humoral immunoactivation reflected by increased immunoglobulin levels, is believed to occur early during HIV infection. Therefore, we wanted investigate alteration in immunoglobulin levels in association with treatment response in HIV-infected children. Methods A nested case–control study was conducted using clinical data collected from 68 HIV-infected children enrolled at the National Hospital of Pediatrics, Vietnam. Results The results showed that immunoglobulin levels, CD4 T-cell counts, CD4 T-cell percentage, and HIV load were significantly higher in the treatment-failure group than the treatment-success group at treatment initiation. IgG and IgA levels were negatively correlated with CD4 T-cell counts (P=0.049 and P<0.01, respectively) and positively correlated with HIV load (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively). In addition, IgG and IgA levels were independently associated with treatment response, analyzed by Cox regression analysis (HR 1.19 [P=0.049] and HR 1.69 [P<0.01], respectively). Conclusion Elevation of IgA levels occurred early during HIV infection, and might have a prognostic role in treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Vu Phuong Dang
- Public Health Laboratory, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,
| | - Viet Hung Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Minh Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, National Hospital of Acupuncture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thi Dinh
- Public Health Laboratory, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,
| | - Thu Hoai Nguyen
- Department of Training and Direction Activity, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hai Le
- Department of Emergency, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Lam Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Vu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Biochemistry, Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
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20
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Mucosal T follicular helper cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques: contributing role of IL-27. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1038-1054. [PMID: 31114010 PMCID: PMC7746526 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), that drain the large and small intestine, are critical sites for the induction of oral tolerance. Although depletion of CD4 T cells in the intestinal lamina propria is a hallmark of HIV infection, CD4 T cell dynamics in MLNs is less known due to the lack of accessibility to these LNs. We demonstrate the early loss of memory CD4 T cells, including T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and a remodeling of MLN architecture in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Along with the loss of Tfh cells, we observe the loss of memory B cells and of germinal center B cells. Tfh cells display a Th1 profile with increased levels of the transcription factors that negatively impact on Tfh differentiation and of Stat5 phosphorylation. MLNs of SIV-infected RMs display lower mRNA transcripts encoding for IL-12, IL-23, and IL-35, whereas those coding for IL-27 are not impaired in MLNs. In vitro, IL-27 negatively impacts on Tfh cells and recapitulates the profile observed in SIV-infected RMs. Therefore, early defects of memory CD4 T cells, as well of Tfh cells in MLNs, which play a central role in regulating the mucosal immune response, may have major implications for Aids.
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21
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Nicholson LK, Pratap H, Bowers E, Gunzburger E, Bandi SR, Gardner EM, Palmer BE, Wright T, Kittelson J, Janoff EN. Effective B cell activation in vitro during viremic HIV-1 infection with surrogate T cell stimulation. Immunobiology 2018; 223:839-849. [PMID: 30219203 PMCID: PMC6264910 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying HIV-1-associated B cell defects and responses to activation may direct interventions to circumvent their impaired antibody responses to infection and vaccines. Among 34 viremic HIV-1-infected and 20 seronegative control adults, we measured baseline frequencies and activation of B and T cell subsets, expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), potential determinants of B cell activation in vivo and B and T cell responses in vitro. At baseline, HIV-1 infection was associated with increased IgM memory and decreased anergic cell frequencies, as well as increased activation in all 10 B cell subsets compared with controls. HIV-1 status, TFH activation, and BAFF were significant potential drivers of B cell activation. Despite high baseline activation among HIV-1-infected subjects, stimulation in vitro with combined surrogates for antigen (anti-IgM), cognate (CD40 ligand) and soluble T cell factors (IL-4) elicited comparable B cell activation, transitions from naïve to class-switched memory cells and AID expression in both groups. In summary, viremic HIV-1 infection perturbs circulating B cell subsets and activation at each stage of B cell maturation. However, that appropriate stimulation of B cells elicits effective activation and maturation provides impetus for advancing vaccine development to prevent secondary infections by circumventing early B cell defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Nicholson
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Harsh Pratap
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elisabeth Bowers
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elise Gunzburger
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Bandi
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward M Gardner
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Brent E Palmer
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Timothy Wright
- Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, United States
| | - John Kittelson
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward N Janoff
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States.
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22
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Mwale A, Hummel A, Mvaya L, Kamng'ona R, Chimbayo E, Phiri J, Malamba R, Kankwatira A, Mwandumba HC, Jambo KC. B cell, CD8 + T cell and gamma delta T cell infiltration alters alveolar immune cell homeostasis in HIV-infected Malawian adults. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 2:105. [PMID: 29657984 PMCID: PMC5872007 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12869.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV infection is associated with increased risk to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). However, the impact of HIV infection on immune cell populations in the lung is not well defined. We sought to comprehensively characterise the impact of HIV infection on immune cell populations in the lung. Methods: Twenty HIV-uninfected controls and 17 HIV-1 infected ART-naïve adults were recruited from Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi. Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte and myeloid cell populations was done on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood cells. Results: We found that the numbers of CD8 + T cells, B cells and gamma delta T cells were higher in BAL fluid of HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (all p<0.05). In contrast, there was no difference in the numbers of alveolar CD4 + T cells in HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (p=0.7065). Intermediate monocytes were the predominant monocyte subset in BAL fluid (HIV-, 63%; HIV+ 81%), while the numbers of classical monocytes was lower in HIV-infected individuals compared to HIV-uninfected adults (1 × 10 5 vs. 2.8 × 10 5 cells/100ml of BAL fluid, p=0.0001). The proportions of alveolar macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells was lower in HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (all p<0.05). Conclusions: Chronic HIV infection is associated with broad alteration of immune cell populations in the lung, but does not lead to massive depletion of alveolar CD4 + T cells. Disruption of alveolar immune cell homeostasis likely explains in part the susceptibility for LRTIs in HIV-infected adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mwale
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Annemarie Hummel
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Leonard Mvaya
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Raphael Kamng'ona
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth Chimbayo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Joseph Phiri
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Rose Malamba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Anstead Kankwatira
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Mwale A, Hummel A, Mvaya L, Kamng'ona R, Chimbayo E, Phiri J, Malamba R, Kankwatira A, Mwandumba HC, Jambo KC. B cell, CD8 + T cell and gamma delta T cell infiltration alters alveolar immune cell homeostasis in HIV-infected Malawian adults. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 2:105. [PMID: 29657984 PMCID: PMC5872007 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12869.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV infection is associated with increased risk to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). However, the impact of HIV infection on immune cell populations in the lung is not well defined. We sought to comprehensively characterise the impact of HIV infection on immune cell populations in the lung. Methods: Twenty HIV-uninfected controls and 17 HIV-1 infected ART-naïve adults were recruited from Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi. Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte and myeloid cell populations was done on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood cells. Results: We found that the numbers of CD8 + T cells, B cells and gamma delta T cells were higher in BAL fluid of HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (all p<0.05). In contrast, there was no difference in the numbers of alveolar CD4 + T cells in HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (p=0.7065). Intermediate monocytes were the predominant monocyte subset in BAL fluid (HIV-, 63%; HIV+ 81%), while the numbers of classical monocytes was lower in HIV-infected individuals compared to HIV-uninfected adults (1 × 10 5 vs. 2.8 × 10 5 cells/100ml of BAL fluid, p=0.0001). The proportions of alveolar macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells was lower in HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (all p<0.05). Conclusions: Chronic HIV infection is associated with broad alteration of immune cell populations in the lung, but does not lead to massive depletion of alveolar CD4 + T cells. Disruption of alveolar immune cell homeostasis likely explains in part the susceptibility for LRTIs in HIV-infected adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mwale
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Annemarie Hummel
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Leonard Mvaya
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Raphael Kamng'ona
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth Chimbayo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Joseph Phiri
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Rose Malamba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Anstead Kankwatira
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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24
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Laforge M, Silvestre R, Rodrigues V, Garibal J, Campillo-Gimenez L, Mouhamad S, Monceaux V, Cumont MC, Rabezanahary H, Pruvost A, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Hurtrel B, Silvestri G, Senik A, Estaquier J. The anti-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH prevents AIDS disease progression in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1627-1640. [PMID: 29553486 DOI: 10.1172/jci95127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis has been proposed as a key mechanism responsible for CD4+ T cell depletion and immune dysfunction during HIV infection. We demonstrated that Q-VD-OPH, a caspase inhibitor, inhibits spontaneous and activation-induced death of T cells from SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). When administered during the acute phase of infection, Q-VD-OPH was associated with (a) reduced levels of T cell death, (b) preservation of CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in lymphoid organs and in the gut, (c) maintenance of memory CD4+ T cells, and (d) increased specific CD4+ T cell response associated with the expression of cytotoxic molecules. Although therapy was limited to the acute phase of infection, Q-VD-OPH-treated RMs showed lower levels of both viral load and cell-associated SIV DNA as compared with control SIV-infected RMs throughout the chronic phase of infection, and prevented the development of AIDS. Overall, our data demonstrate that Q-VD-OPH injection in SIV-infected RMs may represent an adjunctive therapeutic agent to control HIV infection and delaying disease progression to AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- CNRS FR 3636, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Microbiology and Infection Research Domain, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vasco Rodrigues
- CNRS FR 3636, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julie Garibal
- CNRS FR 3636, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Monceaux
- Unité de Physiopathologie des Infections Lentivirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Alain Pruvost
- CEA, iBiTecS, SPI, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Hurtrel
- Unité de Physiopathologie des Infections Lentivirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Senik
- CNRS FR 3636, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- CNRS FR 3636, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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25
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The high frequency of autoantibodies in HIV patients declines on antiretroviral therapy. Pathology 2018; 50:313-316. [PMID: 29463387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies have been described in samples from HIV positive patients, but the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain unclear. In a retrospective longitudinal study, we applied clinical assays for autoantibodies to sera collected from 13 HIV positive patients as they began ART with <210 CD4 T-cells/μL and over 2 years on treatment. Twelve of the 13 patients had at least one autoantibody. The frequency peaked before ART (21 from 156 assays) and declined to 8/143 positive reactions after 2 years. As anti-smooth muscle (ASM) antibodies remained common, these assays were applied to HIV patients (n = 67) who had <50 copies HIV RNA/mL plasma after 13 (2-17) years on ART, and healthy controls (n = 55). The frequency of ASM was high in these patients and correlated with levels of total IgG. Hence the high frequency of autoantibodies before ART declined, but did not disappear, with successful therapy. Autoantibody levels may reflect B-cell hyperactivity in patients stable on ART.
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26
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the effect of the HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the human memory B (MEB)-cell compartment. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was designed to analyze MEB cells of HIV-1 ART treated and ART-naive study participants, and uninfected individuals. METHODS Frequency and absolute counts of MEB cell subsets in blood were determined by multicolor flow cytometry. Spontaneous cell death and B-cell proliferative capacity was evaluated in vitro by cell culture and flow cytometry. Splenic function was determined by pitted erythrocytes quantification in HIV-1 ART-treated study participants. RESULTS HIV-1 ART-treated individuals did not show functional hyposplenism despite the lack of recovery IgMIgDCD27 marginal zone-like B cells. Moreover, two germinal center-dependent MEB cells subsets were also dysregulated in HIV-1 individuals: IgMIgDCD27 (IgM only) cells were increased, whereas the switched subset (IgMIgD) was reduced in viremic individuals. Althought ART restored the numbers of these populations; the switched MEB cells were enriched in CD27 cells, which showed the highest susceptibility to spontaneous cell death ex vivo. In addition, B cells from viremic individuals showed a poor response to B-cell receptor and toll-like receptor 9 stimulation that was circumvented when both stimuli were used simultaneously. CONCLUSION B cells from HIV-1 study participants show a poor stimulation capacity, that may be bypassed by the proper combination of stimuli, and a dysregulated MEB cell pool that suggest an affectation of the germinal center reaction, only partially normalized by ART. Interestingly, hyposplenism does not explain the lack of recovery of the marginal zone-like B cells in ART-treated HIV-1 individuals.
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Khoder A, Alsuliman A, Basar R, Sobieski C, Kondo K, Alousi AM, Szydlo R, Muftuoglu M, Shaim H, Apperley JF, Gokdemir E, Cooper N, Mehta RS, Marin D, Champlin R, Shpall E, Rezvani K. Evidence for B Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1937. [PMID: 29375566 PMCID: PMC5770573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) remains a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A number of studies support a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of cGvHD. In this study, we report the presence of an expanded population of CD19+CD21- B cells with features of exhaustion in the peripheral blood of patients with cGvHD. CD21- B cells were significantly increased in patients with active cGvHD compared to patients without cGvHD and healthy controls (median 12.2 versus 2.12 versus 3%, respectively; p < 0.01). Compared with naïve (CD27-CD21+) and classical memory (CD27+CD21+) B cells, CD19+CD21- B cells in cGvHD were CD10 negative, CD27 negative and CD20hi, and exhibited features of exhaustion, including increased expression of multiple inhibitory receptors such as FCRL4, CD22, CD85J, and altered expression of chemokine and adhesion molecules such as CD11c, CXCR3, CCR7, and CD62L. Moreover, CD21- B cells in cGvHD patients were functionally exhausted and displayed poor proliferative response and calcium mobilization in response to B-cell receptor triggering and CD40 ligation. Finally, the frequencies of circulating CD21- B cells correlated with cGvHD severity in patients after HSCT. Our study further characterizes B cells in chronic cGVHD and supports the use of CD21-CD27-CD10- B cell frequencies as a biomarker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khoder
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah Alsuliman
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafet Basar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Catherine Sobieski
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kayo Kondo
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amin Majid Alousi
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard Szydlo
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muharrem Muftuoglu
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hila Shaim
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jane F Apperley
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elif Gokdemir
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nichola Cooper
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohtesh S Mehta
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David Marin
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard Champlin
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Shpall
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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28
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Kuka M, Iannacone M. Viral subversion of B cell responses within secondary lymphoid organs. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 18:255-265. [PMID: 29249807 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in virus control. The production of antibodies requires virus-specific B cells to encounter viral antigens in lymph nodes, become activated, interact with different immune cells, proliferate and enter specific differentiation programmes. Each step occurs in distinct lymph node niches, requiring a coordinated migration of B cells between different subcompartments. The development of multiphoton intravital microscopy has enabled researchers to begin to elucidate the precise cellular and molecular events by which lymph nodes coordinate humoral responses. This Review discusses recent studies that clarify how viruses interfere with antibody responses, highlighting how these mechanisms relate to our topological and temporal understanding of B cell activation within secondary lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy
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29
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Yan J, Zhang S, Sun J, Xu J, Zhang X. Irreversible phenotypic perturbation and functional impairment of B cells during HIV-1 infection. Front Med 2017; 11:536-547. [PMID: 29181691 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can damage humoral immunity. The knowledge of B cell perturbations during chronic HIV-1 infection and their recovery after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is not complete yet, and thus attempts to further improve humoral immunity are impeded. In this study, an HIV-1 chronically infected cohort with similar demographics, infection history, genetic background, and HIV-1 genotype was established to probe B cell perturbations. Results showed that the B cells from this cohort were highly activated and prone to cell death, and B cell compartments were altered significantly. Notably, although cART partially reversed the hyperactivation and reduced tissue-like memory B cells, other B cell perturbations, including impaired expression of survival factor Bcl-2, costimulatory molecules, and shrunken resting memory B cells, were irreversible. Further functional characterization revealed that the influenza HAspecific antibody-secreting cells were significantly lower during HIV-1 infection, whereas the recalled antibody response to HIV-1-specific antigens was decreased after cART. Finally, CpG plus R848 treatment increased the survival of B cells and memory B cells in vitro from HIV-1-infected patients. In conclusion, this study identified irreversible B cell immune perturbations in chronic HIV-1 infections regardless of cART and proposed the potential strategy to enhance B cell functions through the improvement of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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30
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Mwale A, Hummel A, Mvaya L, Kamng'ona R, Chimbayo E, Phiri J, Malamba R, Kankwatira A, Mwandumba HC, Jambo KC. B cell, CD8 + T cell and gamma delta T cell lymphocytic alveolitis alters alveolar immune cell homeostasis in HIV-infected Malawian adults. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:105. [PMID: 29657984 PMCID: PMC5872007 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12869.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV infection is associated with increased risk to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). However, the impact of HIV infection on immune cell populations in the lung is not well defined. We sought to comprehensively characterise the impact of HIV infection on immune cell populations in the lung. Methods: Twenty HIV-uninfected controls and 17 HIV-1 infected ART-naïve adults were recruited from Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi. Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte and myeloid cell populations was done on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood cells. Results: We found that the numbers of CD8 + T cells, B cells and gamma delta T cells were higher in BAL fluid of HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (all p<0.05). In contrast, there was no difference in the numbers of alveolar CD4 + T cells in HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (p=0.7065). Intermediate monocytes were the predominant monocyte subset in BAL fluid (HIV-, 63%; HIV+ 81%), while the numbers of classical monocytes was lower in HIV-infected individuals compared to HIV-uninfected adults (p=0.0006). The proportions of alveolar macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells was lower in HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (all p<0.05). Conclusions: Chronic HIV infection is associated with broad alteration of immune cell populations in the lung, but does not lead to massive depletion of alveolar CD4 + T cells. Disruption of alveolar immune cell homeostasis likely explains in part the susceptibility for LRTIs in HIV-infected adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mwale
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Annemarie Hummel
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Leonard Mvaya
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Raphael Kamng'ona
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth Chimbayo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Joseph Phiri
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Rose Malamba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Anstead Kankwatira
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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31
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Borhis G, Trovato M, Chaoul N, Ibrahim HM, Richard Y. B-Cell-Activating Factor and the B-Cell Compartment in HIV/SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1338. [PMID: 29163465 PMCID: PMC5663724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal to design effective HIV vaccines, intensive studies focused on broadly neutralizing antibodies, which arise in a fraction of HIV-infected people. Apart from identifying new vulnerability sites in the viral envelope proteins, these studies have shown that a fraction of these antibodies are produced by self/poly-reactive B-cells. These findings prompted us to revisit the B-cell differentiation and selection process during HIV/SIV infection and to consider B-cells as active players possibly shaping the helper T-cell program within germinal centers (GCs). In this context, we paid a particular attention to B-cell-activating factor (BAFF), a key cytokine in B-cell development and immune response that is overproduced during HIV/SIV infection. As it does in autoimmune diseases, BAFF excess might contribute to the abnormal rescue of self-reactive B-cells at several checkpoints of the B-cell development and impair memory B-cell generation and functions. In this review, we first point out what is known about the functions of BAFF/a proliferation-inducing ligand and their receptors [B-cell maturation, transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), and BAFF-R], in physiological and pathophysiological settings, in mice and humans. In particular, we highlight recent results on the previously underappreciated regulatory functions of TACI and on the highly regulated production of soluble TACI and BAFF-R that act as decoy receptors. In light of recent data on BAFF, TACI, and BAFF-R, we then revisit the altered phenotypes and functions of B-cell subsets during the acute and chronic phase of HIV/SIV infection. Given the atypical phenotype and reduced functions of memory B-cells in HIV/SIV infection, we particularly discuss the GC reaction, a key checkpoint where self-reactive B-cells are eliminated and pathogen-specific memory B-cells and plasmablasts/cells are generated in physiological settings. Through its capacity to differentially bind and process BAFF-R and TACI on GC B-cells and possibly on follicular helper T-cells, BAFF appears as a key regulator of the physiological GC reaction. Its local excess during HIV/SIV infection could play a key role in B-cell dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenoline Borhis
- INSERM u1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Maria Trovato
- INSERM u1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nada Chaoul
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institut des maladies Emergentes et Thérapies innovantes, Service d’Immuno-Virologie, Fontenay-aux Roses, France
| | - Hany M. Ibrahim
- INSERM u1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yolande Richard
- INSERM u1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
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32
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Abstract
The two ligands B cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and the three receptors BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are members of the "BAFF system molecules." BAFF system molecules are primarily involved in B cell homeostasis. The relevance of BAFF system molecules in host responses to microbial assaults has been investigated in clinical studies and in mice deficient for each of these molecules. Many microbial products modulate the expression of these molecules. Data from clinical studies suggest a correlation between increased expression levels of BAFF system molecules and elevated B cell responses. Depending on the pathogen, heightened B cell responses may strengthen the host response or promote susceptibility. Whereas pathogen-mediated increases in the expression levels of the ligands and/or the receptors appear to promote microbial clearance, certain pathogens have evolved to ablate B cell responses by suppressing the expression of TACI and/or BAFF-R on B cells. Other than its well-established role in B cell responses, the TACI-mediated activation of macrophages is also implicated in resistance to intracellular pathogens. An improved understanding of the role that BAFF system molecules play in infection may assist in devising novel strategies for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sakai
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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33
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Ubillos I, Campo JJ, Requena P, Ome-Kaius M, Hanieh S, Rose H, Samol P, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Bardají A, Mueller I, Menéndez C, Rogerson S, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Chronic Exposure to Malaria Is Associated with Inhibitory and Activation Markers on Atypical Memory B Cells and Marginal Zone-Like B Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:966. [PMID: 28878766 PMCID: PMC5573441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In persistent infections that are accompanied by chronic immune activation, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and malaria, there is an increased frequency of a phenotypically distinct subset of memory B cells lacking the classic memory marker CD27 and showing a reduced capacity to produce antibodies. However, critical knowledge gaps remain on specific B cell changes and immune adaptation in chronic infections. We hypothesized that expansion of atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) and reduction of activated peripheral marginal zone (MZ)-like B cells in constantly exposed individuals might be accompanied by phenotypic changes that would confer a tolerogenic profile, helping to establish tolerance to infections. To better understand malaria-associated phenotypic abnormalities on B cells, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 55 pregnant women living in a malaria-endemic area of Papua Nueva Guinea and 9 Spanish malaria-naïve individuals using four 11-color flow cytometry panels. We assessed the expression of markers of B cell specificity (IgG and IgM), activation (CD40, CD80, CD86, b220, TACI, and CD150), inhibition (PD1, CD95, and CD71), and migration (CCR3, CXCR3, and CD62l). We found higher frequencies of active and resting aMBC and marked reduction of MZ-like B cells, although changes in absolute cell counts could not be assessed. Highly exposed women had higher PD1+-, CD95+-, CD40+-, CD71+-, and CD80+-activated aMBC frequencies than non-exposed subjects. Malaria exposure increased frequencies of b220 and proapoptotic markers PD1 and CD95, and decreased expression of the activation marker TACI on MZ-like B cells. The increased frequencies of inhibitory and apoptotic markers on activated aMBCs and MZ-like B cells in malaria-exposed adults suggest an immune-homeostatic mechanism for maintaining B cell development and function while simultaneously downregulating hyperreactive B cells. This mechanism would keep the B cell activation threshold high enough to control infection but impaired enough to tolerate it, preventing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Ubillos
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph J Campo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Pilar Requena
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Ome-Kaius
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Sarah Hanieh
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Honor Rose
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Paula Samol
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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34
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T-bet-expressing B cells during HIV and HCV infections. Cell Immunol 2017; 321:26-34. [PMID: 28739077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T-bet-expressing B cells, first identified as perpetuators of autoimmunity, were recently shown to be critical for murine antiviral responses. While their role in human viral infections remains unclear, B cells expressing T-bet or demonstrating a related phenotype have been described in individuals chronically infected with HIV or HCV, suggesting these cells represent a component of human antiviral responses. In this review, we discuss the induction of T-bet in B cells following both HIV and HCV infections, the factors driving T-bet+ B cell expansions, T-bet's relationship to atypical memory B cells, and the consequences of T-bet induction. We propose potential antiviral roles for T-bet+ B cells and discuss whether this population poses any utility to the HIV and HCV immune responses.
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35
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French MA, Tjiam MC, Abudulai LN, Fernandez S. Antiviral Functions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific IgG Antibodies: Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and Implications for Therapeutic HIV-1 Vaccine Design. Front Immunol 2017; 8:780. [PMID: 28725225 PMCID: PMC5495868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective and tolerable for long periods of time but cannot eradicate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by either elimination of viral reservoirs or enhancement of HIV-1-specific immune responses. Boosting "protective" HIV-1-specific immune responses by active or passive immunization will therefore be necessary to control or eradicate HIV-1 infection and is currently the topic of intense investigation. Recently reported studies conducted in HIV patients and non-human primate (NHP) models of HIV-1 infection suggest that HIV-1-specific IgG antibody responses may contribute to the control of HIV-1 infection. However, production of IgG antibodies with virus neutralizing activity by vaccination remains problematic and while vaccine-induced natural killer cell-activating IgG antibodies have been shown to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection, they may not be sufficient to control or eradicate established HIV-1 infection. It is, therefore, important to consider other functional characteristics of IgG antibody responses. IgG antibodies to viruses also mediate opsonophagocytic antibody responses against virions and capsids that enhance the function of phagocytic cells playing critical roles in antiviral immune responses, particularly conventional dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Emerging evidence suggests that these antibody functions might contribute to the control of HIV-1 infection. In addition, IgG antibodies contribute to the intracellular degradation of viruses via binding to the cytosolic fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21). The functional activity of an IgG antibody response is influenced by the IgG subclass content, which affects binding to antigens and to Fcγ receptors on phagocytic cells and to TRIM21. The IgG subclass content and avidity of IgG antibodies is determined by germinal center (GC) reactions in follicles of lymphoid tissue. As HIV-1 infects cells in GCs and induces GC dysfunction, which may persist during ART, strategies for boosting HIV-1-specific IgG antibody responses should include early commencement of ART and possibly the use of particular antiretroviral drugs to optimize drug levels in lymphoid follicles. Finally, enhancing particular functions of HIV-1-specific IgG antibody responses by using adjuvants or cytokines to modulate the IgG subclass content of the antibody response might be investigated in NHP models of HIV-1 infection and during trials of therapeutic vaccines in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn A. French
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital and PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - M. Christian Tjiam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Laila N. Abudulai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sonia Fernandez
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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36
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Appay V, Sauce D. Assessing immune aging in HIV-infected patients. Virulence 2017; 8:529-538. [PMID: 27310730 PMCID: PMC5538339 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1195536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune cell compartments in HIV-infected patients are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These alterations define the immunological age of individuals and are likely to participate to the decline of immune competence with HIV disease progression. It is therefore important to characterize these changes, which point toward the accumulation of highly differentiated immunocompetent cells, associated with overall telomere length shortening, as well as understanding their etiology, especially related to the impact of chronic immune activation. Particular attention should be given to the exhaustion of primary immune resources, including haematopoietic progenitors and naïve cells, which holds the key for effective hematopoiesis and immune response induction, respectively. The alteration of these compartments during HIV infection certainly represents the foundation of the immune parallel with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Center d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Center d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
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37
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Keller B, Stumpf I, Strohmeier V, Usadel S, Verhoeyen E, Eibel H, Warnatz K. High SYK Expression Drives Constitutive Activation of CD21 low B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4285-4292. [PMID: 28468967 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human CD21low B cells present with an activated phenotype and accumulate in distinct disorders connected with chronic immune stimulation. Signaling studies had revealed an increased basal phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phospholipase Cγ2. Additional BCR stimulation of these constitutively active cells, however, led to reduced activation of these signaling molecules and subsequently NF-κB and Ca2+ activation. In this article, we demonstrate that high SYK expression is a common feature of CD21low B cells independent of the underlying disorder, and that this high expression is sufficient to drive constitutive phosphorylation of SYK and its immediate targets Bruton's tyrosine kinase and phospholipase Cγ2. Inhibition of SYK activity eliminated features of the constitutive activation in these cells and partly restored BCR signaling. High SYK expression is especially induced by CpG or CD40L in combination with IL-21, but not BCR stimulation, suggesting the importance of the immune-stimulatory context for the induction of this B cell phenotype. In summary, high SYK expression is a common feature of human CD21low B cells and presumably results from chronic activation in inflammatory environments present in a subgroup of patients with heterogeneous disorders like chronic infection, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency. High SYK expression by itself drives the constitutive activation observed in these B cells, which in turn may contribute to the hyporesponsiveness upon BCR stimulation. Given the high prevalence of autoreactive clones among CD21low B cells in autoimmune disorders, the dominant role of SYK in CD21low B cells may provide a new option for therapeutic interventions in patients with expanded CD21low B cells and humoral autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baerbel Keller
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Stumpf
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Strohmeier
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Usadel
- Practice for Infection Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Virus Enveloppés, Vecteurs et Réponses Innées Équipe, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon-1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; and.,INSERM, U1065, Centre de Médecine Moléculaire, Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires," 06204 Nice, France
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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Knox JJ, Buggert M, Kardava L, Seaton KE, Eller MA, Canaday DH, Robb ML, Ostrowski MA, Deeks SG, Slifka MK, Tomaras GD, Moir S, Moody MA, Betts MR. T-bet+ B cells are induced by human viral infections and dominate the HIV gp140 response. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92943. [PMID: 28422752 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is critical for viral control, but the identity and mechanisms regulating human antiviral B cells are unclear. Here, we characterized human B cells expressing T-bet and analyzed their dynamics during viral infections. T-bet+ B cells demonstrated an activated phenotype, a distinct transcriptional profile, and were enriched for expression of the antiviral immunoglobulin isotypes IgG1 and IgG3. T-bet+ B cells expanded following yellow fever virus and vaccinia virus vaccinations and also during early acute HIV infection. Viremic HIV-infected individuals maintained a large T-bet+ B cell population during chronic infection that was associated with increased serum and cell-associated IgG1 and IgG3 expression. The HIV gp140-specific B cell response was dominated by T-bet-expressing memory B cells, and we observed a concomitant biasing of gp140-specific serum immunoglobulin to the IgG1 isotype. These findings suggest that T-bet induction promotes antiviral immunoglobulin isotype switching and development of a distinct T-bet+ B cell subset that is maintained by viremia and coordinates the HIV Env-specific humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Knox
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute; and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Cleveland VA, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario A Ostrowski
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute; and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute; Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Moukambi F, Rodrigues V, Fortier Y, Rabezanahary H, Borde C, Krust B, Andreani G, Silvestre R, Petrovas C, Laforge M, Estaquier J. CD4 T Follicular Helper Cells and HIV Infection: Friends or Enemies? Front Immunol 2017; 8:135. [PMID: 28265271 PMCID: PMC5316554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, a subset of CD4 T lymphocytes, are essential for memory B cell activation, survival, and differentiation and assist B cells in the production of antigen-specific antibodies. Work performed in recent years pointed out the importance of Tfh cells in the context of HIV and SIV infections. The importance of tissue distribution of Tfh is also an important point since their frequency differs between peripheral blood and lymph nodes compared to the spleen, the primary organ for B cell activation, and differentiation. Our recent observations indicated an early and profound loss of splenic Tfh cells. The role of transcriptional activator and repressor factors that control Tfh differentiation is also discussed in the context of HIV/SIV infection. Because Tfh cells are important for B cell differentiation and antibody production, accelerating the Tfh responses early during HIV/SIV infection could be promising as novel immunotherapeutic approach or alternative vaccine strategies. However, because Tfh cells are infected during the HIV/SIV infection and represent a reservoir, this may interfere with HIV vaccine strategy. Thus, Tfh represent the good and bad guys during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Moukambi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vasco Rodrigues
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Yasmina Fortier
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Henintsoa Rabezanahary
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Chloé Borde
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Krust
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Guadalupe Andreani
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- School of Health Sciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mireille Laforge
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Abstract
The induction of neutralizing antibodies directed against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has received considerable attention in recent years, in part driven by renewed interest and opportunities for antibody-based strategies for prevention such as passive transfer of antibodies and the development of preventive vaccines, as well as immune-based therapeutic interventions. Advances in the ability to screen, isolate, and characterize HIV-specific antibodies have led to the identification of a new generation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). The majority of these antibodies have been isolated from B cells of chronically HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia. In this review, we provide insight into the phenotypic and functional attributes of human B cells, with a focus on HIV-specific memory B cells and plasmablasts/cells that are responsible for sustaining humoral immune responses against HIV. We discuss the abnormalities in B cells that occur in HIV infection both in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, especially in the setting of persisting viremia. Finally, we consider the opportunities and drawbacks of intensively interrogating antibodies isolated from HIV-infected individuals to guide strategies aimed at developing effective antibody-based vaccine and therapeutic interventions for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Anthony S. Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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Daugan M, Murira A, Mindt BC, Germain A, Tarrab E, Lapierre P, Fritz JH, Lamarre A. Type I Interferon Impairs Specific Antibody Responses Early during Establishment of LCMV Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:564. [PMID: 27994594 PMCID: PMC5136549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elicitation of type I interferon (IFN-I) has been shown to both enhance and impair cell-mediated immune responses in acute and persistent viral infections, respectively. Here, we show that, in addition to its effect on T cells, IFN-I drives impairment of specific antibody responses through interaction with B cells in the acute phase of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. This impairment was limited to the T cell-dependent B cell response and was associated with disruption of B cell follicles, development of hypergammaglobulinemia (HGG), and expansion of the T follicular helper cell population. Antigen-specific antibody responses were restored by ablation of IFN-I signaling through antibody-mediated IFN-I receptor blockade and B cell-specific IFN-I receptor knockout. Importantly, IFN-I receptor deficiency in B cells also accelerated the development of LCMV neutralizing antibodies and alleviated HGG. These results provide a potential therapeutic target toward efficient treatment measures that limit immunopathology in persistent viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Daugan
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Armstrong Murira
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara C. Mindt
- Complex Traits Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Germain
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Esther Tarrab
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Complex Traits Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
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Fallet B, Narr K, Ertuna YI, Remy M, Sommerstein R, Cornille K, Kreutzfeldt M, Page N, Zimmer G, Geier F, Straub T, Pircher H, Larimore K, Greenberg PD, Merkler D, Pinschewer DD. Interferon-driven deletion of antiviral B cells at the onset of chronic infection. Sci Immunol 2016; 1:eaah6817. [PMID: 27872905 PMCID: PMC5115616 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aah6817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate antibody responses and perturbed B cell compartments represent hallmarks of persistent microbial infections, but the mechanisms whereby persisting pathogens suppress humoral immunity remain poorly defined. Using adoptive transfer experiments in the context of a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of mice, we have documented rapid depletion of virus-specific B cells that coincided with the early type I interferon response to infection. We found that the loss of activated B cells was driven by type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling to several cell types including dendritic cells, T cells and myeloid cells. Intriguingly, this process was independent of B cell-intrinsic IFN-I sensing and resulted from biased differentiation of naïve B cells into short-lived antibody-secreting cells. The ability to generate robust B cell responses was restored upon IFN-I receptor blockade or, partially, when experimentally depleting myeloid cells or the IFN-I-induced cytokines interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. We have termed this IFN-I-driven depletion of B cells "B cell decimation". Strategies to counter "B cell decimation" should thus help us better leverage humoral immunity in the combat against persistent microbial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Fallet
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Narr
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yusuf I. Ertuna
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Remy
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Karen Cornille
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Geier
- Department of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Straub
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Larimore
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Philip D. Greenberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D. Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many children with HIV infection now survive into adulthood. This study explored the impact of vertically acquired HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy on the development of humoral immunity. DESIGN Natural and vaccine-related immunity to pneumococcus and B-cell phenotype was characterized and compared in three groups of young adults: those with vertically-acquired infection, those with horizontally acquired infection and healthy controls. METHODS Serotype-specific pneumococcal (Pnc) immunoglobulin M and G concentrations before and up to 1 year post-Pnc polysaccharide (Pneumovax) immunization were determined, and opsonophagocytic activity was analysed. B-cell subpopulations and dynamic markers of B-cell signalling, turnover and susceptibility to apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS HIV-infected patients showed impaired natural Pnc immunity and reduced humoral responses to immunization with Pneumovax; this was greatest in those viraemic at time of the study. Early-life viral control before the age of 10 years diminished these changes. Expanded populations of abnormally activated and immature B-cells were seen in both HIV-infected cohorts. Vertically infected patients were particularly vulnerable to reductions in marginal zone and switched memory populations. These aberrations were reduced in patients with early-life viral control. CONCLUSION In children with HIV, damage to B-cell memory populations and impaired natural and vaccine immunity to pneumococcus is evident in early adult life. Sustained viral control from early childhood may help to limit this effect and optimize humoral immunity in adult life.
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Muir R, Metcalf T, Tardif V, Takata H, Phanuphak N, Kroon E, Colby DJ, Trichavaroj R, Valcour V, Robb ML, Michael NL, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L, Haddad EK. Altered Memory Circulating T Follicular Helper-B Cell Interaction in Early Acute HIV Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005777. [PMID: 27463374 PMCID: PMC4963136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The RV254 cohort of HIV-infected very early acute (4thG stage 1 and 2) (stage 1/2) and late acute (4thG stage 3) (stage 3) individuals was used to study T helper- B cell responses in acute HIV infection and the impact of early antiretroviral treatment (ART) on T and B cell function. To investigate this, the function of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) from this cohort was examined, and cTfh and memory B cell populations were phenotyped. Impaired cTfh cell function was observed in individuals treated in stage 3 when compared to stage 1/2. The cTfh/B cell cocultures showed lower B cell survival and IgG secretion at stage 3 compared to stage 1/2. This coincided with lower IL-10 and increased RANTES and TNF-α suggesting a role for inflammation in altering cTfh and B cell responses. Elevated plasma viral load in stage 3 was found to correlate with decreased cTfh-mediated B cell IgG production indicating a role for increased viremia in cTfh impairment and dysfunctional humoral response. Phenotypic perturbations were also evident in the mature B cell compartment, most notably a decrease in resting memory B cells in stage 3 compared to stage 1/2, coinciding with higher viremia. Our coculture assay also suggested that intrinsic memory B cell defects could contribute to the impaired response despite at a lower level. Overall, cTfh-mediated B cell responses are significantly altered in stage 3 compared to stage 1/2, coinciding with increased inflammation and a reduction in memory B cells. These data suggest that early ART for acutely HIV infected individuals could prevent immune dysregulation while preserving cTfh function and B cell memory. The HIV-specific T cell memory response diminishes rapidly even after the initiation of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), and there is no control of viral rebound if treatment is interrupted. Restoration or preservation of memory T cells or B cells with treatment, to allow for control of virus replication after ART is stopped, is therefore very important. CD4+ T cells, in particular T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, have a major role in mediating antiviral immunity by providing help to B cells, which is key to a strong and efficient anti-HIV antibody response. The unique RV254 cohort provided the best setting to analyze immune responses during very early acute HIV, as the study was able to enroll individuals that were infected for less than 2 weeks and initiated treatment approximately 1–2 days after recruitment. We aimed to study the capacity of memory circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells to promote B cell help in acute HIV infection, and found the interaction to be dysfunctional in the later stage compared to the very early stages, accompanied by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and a reduction in regulatory cytokines. High levels of plasma viremia correlated with low cTfh-mediated B cell antibody production in later stage acute individuals; and memory B cells were significantly decreased but could be restored with ART, compared to chronically infected individuals, who could not normalize this compartment compared to healthy individuals. Overall, we show that the cTfh- B cell interaction and B cell memory compartment is altered in late stage acute infection, mainly attributed to an increase in inflammation and skewing of the response away from helper to proinflammatory. Identifying individuals for treatment in the earliest stages of acute infection, prior to immune damage, could preserve cTfh function and the anti-HIV B cell response, therefore reducing the chances of viral rebound upon the cessation of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshell Muir
- Drexel University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Talibah Metcalf
- Drexel University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Drexel University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Donn J. Colby
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rapee Trichavaroj
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, United States Component, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Drexel University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The Role of HIV-1 in Affecting the Proliferation Ability of HPCs Derived From BM. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 71:467-73. [PMID: 26974413 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 causes chronic infection characterized by the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the development of AIDS. Current antiretroviral drugs inhibit viral spread, but they do not lead to a full immune recovery. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) give rise to all blood and immune cells, and in HIV infection, hematological abnormalities frequently occur in patients. Here, we used bone marrow samples from HIV-1-infected people to study the relationship between the proliferation ability of HSCs/HPCs and peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes. Three indexes were used to reflect the proliferation ability of HSCs and HPCs: (1) colony-forming units of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), (2) amplification of CD34+ cells purified from bone marrow mononuclear cells, (3) expression of HOXB4 and HOXA9 in CD34+ cells. We observed a direct correlation between peripheral number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the HSCs/HPCs proliferation ability in our study. We also compared HIV-infected patients with or without antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our results demonstrated that after antiretroviral therapy, CD4+ T-cell recovery and HPCs proliferation ability are correlated. Our findings have implications in understanding whether bone marrow-derived HPCs can supplement for the loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection.
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Chronic HIV-1 Infection Induces B-Cell Dysfunction That Is Incompletely Resolved by Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 71:381-9. [PMID: 26914910 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV-1-induced B-cell dysfunction. DESIGN Comparative study of ART-naive and ART-treated HIV-infected patients with non-HIV controls. METHODS B-cell dysfunction was examined in patients with HIV-1 infection (n = 30) who had received ART for a median time of 9.25 years (range: 1.3-21.7) by assessing proportions of CD21 B cells (a marker of B-cell exhaustion) and proportions of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand or B and T lymphocyte attenuator B cells, and serum levels of immunoglobulin free light chains (markers of B-cell hyperactivation). The association of these markers with serum levels of IgG1 and IgG2, and production of IgG antibodies after vaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharides were also examined. ART-naive patients with HIV (n = 20) and controls (n = 20) were also assessed for comparison. RESULTS ART-treated patients had increased proportions of CD21 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand B cells and, furthermore, although proportions of B and T lymphocyte attenuator B cells were not significantly different from controls, they correlated negatively with CD21 B cells. Proportions of CD21 B cells also correlated negatively with current CD4 T-cell counts. In ART-naive patients with HIV, free light chains correlated with CD21 B cells and IgG1, but not IgG2. Serum IgG2:IgG1 ratios were substantially lower than normal in patients with HIV and did not resolve on ART. In ART-treated patients, IgG antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides after vaccination were not associated with markers of B-cell dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS B-cell dysfunction persists in patients with HIV receiving long-term ART. The causes and consequences of this require further investigation.
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Gomez AM, Ouellet M, Deshiere A, Breton Y, Tremblay MJ. HIV-1-Mediated BAFF Secretion in Macrophages Does Not Require Endosomal TLRs, Type-I IFN, and Nef, but Depends on the Cellular Phenotype Status. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3806-17. [PMID: 27022194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by persistent viral replication, chronic immune activation, and CD4(+) T cell depletion. Moreover, several immune dysfunctions are observed in cells that are not targeted by the virus, such as B cells. Some B cell abnormalities include hypergammaglobulinemia, nonspecific B cell activation, class switching, increased cell turnover, breakage of tolerance, and a loss of the capacity to generate and maintain memory. Several cytokines and growth factors that are increased in the serum of HIV-1-infected individuals have been suggested to directly or indirectly trigger B cell activation, and one of these is BAFF. In this study, we investigate the ability of fully competent (R5-tropic) HIV-1 to induce BAFF production by monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We demonstrate here that HIV-1 drives BAFF production in MDMs in a type-I IFN- and TLR-independent manner. Moreover, we determine that HIV-1 Nef accessory protein is dispensable in BAFF upregulation as a nef-deleted HIV-1 strain is still able to increase BAFF at levels similar to the wild type strain. Finally, we show that the macrophage phenotype status affects HIV-1 replication and BAFF induction, as both were abrogated in MDMs displaying a M1 phenotype. This study provides new useful information about the increased levels of BAFF observed during HIV-1 infection and highlights the importance of macrophages as a source of BAFF, a phenomenon that might contribute to B cell dysfunctions at inflammatory tissue sites in infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Gomez
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Michel Ouellet
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Alexandre Deshiere
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Yann Breton
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Michel J Tremblay
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Iyer AS, Khaskhely NM, Leggat DJ, Ohtola JA, Saul-McBeth JL, Khuder SA, Westerink MAJ. Inflammatory Markers and Immune Response to Pneumococcal Vaccination in HIV-Positive and -Negative Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150261. [PMID: 26930208 PMCID: PMC4773189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-superfamily have speculated roles in the response against T-independent type II antigens (TI-II) including pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS). Dysregulation in their expression is associated with an enhanced risk for pneumococcal disease in neonates but their expression in other high-risk populations including HIV-positive individuals remains to be elucidated. Objective To investigate signals that contribute towards PPS-response and identify potential anomalies that may account for diminished serological response in HIV-positive individuals post Pneumovax (PPV23) immunization. Methods Markers of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, sCD27 and sCD30, were assessed in HIV-positive and -negative individuals as potential predictors of PPV23 response. Serum levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF), transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cytophilin ligand interactor (TACI), B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and B cell expression of BAFF-R, TACI, BCMA, CD40 and CD21 were assessed in total (unselected) and PPS23F (antigen)-specific B cells of PPV23 immunized HIV-positive and -negative individuals. Results CRP, sCD27, sCD30 and BAFF were significantly elevated in the serum of HIV-positive individuals but did not adversely affect PPV23 response. Assessment of PPS-specific B cells revealed enhanced TACI and reduced BAFF-R expression compared to unselected B cells in HIV-positive and -negative individuals. Surface TACI was similar but soluble TACI was significantly lower in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals. Conclusion Current studies highlight a potential role for TACI in PPV23 response based on its enhanced expression on PPS-specific B cells. Although surface levels of TACI were similar, diminished soluble TACI (sTACI) in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals could potentially decrease BAFF responsiveness and Ig response. A better understanding of the role of TNF receptors could contribute to the design of improved pneumococcal vaccines. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02515240
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Iyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States of America
| | - Noor M Khaskhely
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States of America
| | - David J Leggat
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Ohtola
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States of America
| | - Jessica L Saul-McBeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States of America
| | - Sadik A Khuder
- Department of Public Health, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States of America
| | - M A Julie Westerink
- Department of Medicine; Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 135 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States of America
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Presence of Rheumatoid Factor during Chronic HCV Infection Is Associated with Expansion of Mature Activated Memory B-Cells that Are Hypo-Responsive to B-Cell Receptor Stimulation and Persist during the Early Stage of IFN Free Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144629. [PMID: 26649443 PMCID: PMC4674123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of those with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have circulating rheumatoid factor (RF), and a portion of these individuals develop cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. B cell phenotype/function in relation to RF in serum has been unclear. We examined B cell subset distribution, activation state (CD86), cell cycle state (Ki67), and ex-vivo response to BCR, TLR9 and TLR7/8 stimulation, in chronic HCV-infected donors with or without RF, and uninfected donors. Mature-activated B-cells of HCV-infected donors had lower CD86 expression compared to uninfected donors, and in the presence of RF they also showed reduced CD86 expression in response to BCR and TLR9 stimulation. Additionally, mature activated memory B cells of HCV RF+ donors less commonly expressed Ki67+ than HCV RF- donors, and did not proliferate as well in response to BCR stimulation. Proportions of mature-activated B cells were enhanced, while naïve B-cells were lower in the peripheral blood of HCV-RF+ compared to RF- and uninfected donors. None of these parameters normalize by week 8 of IFN free direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in HCV RF+ donors, while in RF- donors, mature activated B cell proportions did normalize. These data indicate that while chronic HCV infection alone results in a lower state of activation in mature activated memory B cells, the presence of RF in serum is associated with a more pronounced state of unresponsiveness and an overrepresentation of these B cells in the blood. This phenotype persists at least during the early time window after removal of HCV from the host.
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Moukambi F, Rabezanahary H, Rodrigues V, Racine G, Robitaille L, Krust B, Andreani G, Soundaramourty C, Silvestre R, Laforge M, Estaquier J. Early Loss of Splenic Tfh Cells in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005287. [PMID: 26640894 PMCID: PMC4671657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular T helper cells (Tfh), a subset of CD4 T lymphocytes, provide crucial help to B cells in the production of antigen-specific antibodies. Although several studies have analyzed the dynamics of Tfh cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes (LNs) during Aids, none has yet addressed the impact of SIV infection on the dynamics of Tfh cells in the spleen, the primary organ of B cell activation. We show here a significant decrease in splenic Tfh cells in SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) during the acute phase of infection, which persists thereafter. This profound loss is associated with lack of sustained expression of the Tfh-defining transcription factors, Bcl-6 and c-Maf but with higher expression of the repressors KLF2 and Foxo1. In this context of Tfh abortive differentiation and loss, we found decreased percentages of memory B cell subsets and lower titers of SIV-specific IgG. We further demonstrate a drastic remodeling of the lymphoid architecture of the spleen and LNs, which disrupts the crucial cell-cell interactions necessary to maintain memory B cells and Tfh cells. Finally, our data demonstrated the early infection of Tfh cells. Paradoxically, the frequencies of SIV DNA were higher in splenic Tfh cells of RMs progressing more slowly suggesting sanctuaries for SIV in the spleen. Our findings provide important information regarding the impact of HIV/SIV infection on Tfh cells, and provide new clues for future vaccine strategies. Among CD4 T lymphocytes, follicular T helper cells (Tfh) are essential for B cell responses. Understanding the impact of viral infections on Tfh function, in particular in deep tissues such as the spleen, which is the main organ for B cell response, may be important for vaccine development. We used a non-human primate model of AIDS to study the effect of the viral infection on T and B cell subsets. In SIV-infected rhesus macaques, we demonstrated a depletion of splenic Tfh cells in the acute phase, together with a diminution of memory B cell frequencies. Moreover, we also showed that splenic Tfh cells harbor SIV DNA early after infection, which persists throughout SIV infection. Thus, splenic Tfh may represent a potential reservoir for HIV/SIV. Collectively, our data suggests that the loss of splenic Tfh cells, which sustain memory B cells, contributes to the lack of immune control against HIV/SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Moukambi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medecine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Henintsoa Rabezanahary
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medecine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Vasco Rodrigues
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Gina Racine
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medecine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Lynda Robitaille
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medecine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Krust
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Guadalupe Andreani
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medecine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mireille Laforge
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medecine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
- CNRS FR3636, Faculty of Medecine des Saint-Pères, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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