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Cruz de Casas P, Knöpper K, Dey Sarkar R, Kastenmüller W. Same yet different - how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:358-374. [PMID: 38097778 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs in which immune responses of the adaptive immune system are initiated and regulated. Distributed throughout the body and embedded in the lymphatic system, local lymph nodes are continuously informed about the state of the organs owing to a constant drainage of lymph. The tissue-derived lymph carries products of cell metabolism, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pathogens and circulating immune cells. Notably, there is a growing body of evidence that individual lymph nodes differ from each other in their capacity to generate immune responses. Here, we review the structure and function of the lymphatic system and then focus on the factors that lead to functional heterogeneity among different lymph nodes. We will discuss how lymph node heterogeneity impacts on cellular and humoral immune responses and the implications for vaccination, tumour development and tumour control by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cruz de Casas
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Zou M, Pezoldt J, Mohr J, Philipsen L, Leufgen A, Cerovic V, Wiechers C, Pils M, Ortiz D, Hao L, Yang J, Beckstette M, Dupont A, Hornef M, Dersch P, Strowig T, Müller AJ, Raila J, Huehn J. Early-life vitamin A treatment rescues neonatal infection-induced durably impaired tolerogenic properties of celiac lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114153. [PMID: 38687643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut-draining mesenteric and celiac lymph nodes (mLNs and celLNs) critically contribute to peripheral tolerance toward food and microbial antigens by supporting the de novo induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). These tolerogenic properties of mLNs and celLNs are stably imprinted within stromal cells (SCs) by microbial signals and vitamin A (VA), respectively. Here, we report that a single, transient gastrointestinal infection in the neonatal, but not adult, period durably abrogates the efficient Treg-inducing capacity of celLNs by altering the subset composition and gene expression profile of celLNSCs. These cells carry information about the early-life pathogen encounter until adulthood and durably instruct migratory dendritic cells entering the celLN with reduced tolerogenic properties. Mechanistically, transiently reduced VA levels cause long-lasting celLN functional impairment, which can be rescued by early-life treatment with VA. Together, our data highlight the therapeutic potential of VA to prevent sequelae post gastrointestinal infections in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangge Zou
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Mohr
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Multi-Parametric Bioimaging and Cytometry (MPBIC) Platform, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Leufgen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marina Pils
- Mouse Pathology Platform, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diego Ortiz
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lianxu Hao
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juhao Yang
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aline Dupont
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Institute for Infectiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Site University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Multi-Parametric Bioimaging and Cytometry (MPBIC) Platform, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Intravital Microscopy in Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Raila
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Zhang J, Yao Z. Immune cell trafficking: a novel perspective on the gut-skin axis. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:21. [PMID: 38654394 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking, an essential mechanism for maintaining immunological homeostasis and mounting effective responses to infections, operates under a stringent regulatory framework. Recent advances have shed light on the perturbation of cell migration patterns, highlighting how such disturbances can propagate inflammatory diseases from their origin to distal organs. This review collates and discusses current evidence that demonstrates atypical communication between the gut and skin, which are conventionally viewed as distinct immunological spheres, in the milieu of inflammation. We focus on the aberrant, reciprocal translocation of immune cells along the gut-skin axis as a pivotal factor linking intestinal and dermatological inflammatory conditions. Recognizing that the translation of these findings into clinical practices is nascent, we suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the axis may offer substantial benefits in mitigating the widespread impact of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Schenkel JM, Pauken KE. Localization, tissue biology and T cell state - implications for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:807-823. [PMID: 37253877 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue localization is a critical determinant of T cell immunity. CD8+ T cells are contact-dependent killers, which requires them to physically be within the tissue of interest to kill peptide-MHC class I-bearing target cells. Following their migration and extravasation into tissues, T cells receive many extrinsic cues from the local microenvironment, and these signals shape T cell differentiation, fate and function. Because major organ systems are variable in their functions and compositions, they apply disparate pressures on T cells to adapt to the local microenvironment. Additional complexity arises in the context of malignant lesions (either primary or metastatic), and this has made understanding the factors that dictate T cell function and longevity in tumours challenging. Moreover, T cell differentiation state influences how cues from the microenvironment are interpreted by tissue-infiltrating T cells, highlighting the importance of T cell state in the context of tissue biology. Here, we review the intertwined nature of T cell differentiation state, location, survival and function, and explain how dysfunctional T cell populations can adopt features of tissue-resident memory T cells to persist in tumours. Finally, we discuss how these factors have shaped responses to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Schenkel
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Amon L, Dudziak D, Backer RA, Clausen BE, Gmeiner C, Heger L, Jacobi L, Lehmann CHK, Probst HC, Seichter A, Tchitashvili G, Tochoedo NR, Trapaidze L, Vurnek D. Guidelines for DC preparation and flow cytometry analysis of mouse lymphohematopoietic tissues. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249893. [PMID: 36563125 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human DC from lymphoid organs, and various non-lymphoid tissues. Within this chapter, detailed protocols are presented that allow for the generation of single-cell suspensions from mouse lymphohematopoietic tissues including spleen, peripheral lymph nodes, and thymus, with a focus on the subsequent analysis of DC by flow cytometry. However, prepared single-cell suspensions can be subjected to other applications including sorting and cellular enrichment procedures, RNA sequencing, Western blotting, and many more. While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer-reviewed by leading experts and approved by all co-authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald A Backer
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Gmeiner
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Jacobi
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Probst
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Seichter
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giorgi Tchitashvili
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nounagnon Romaric Tochoedo
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lizi Trapaidze
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damir Vurnek
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Gordon H, Rodger B, Lindsay JO, Stagg AJ. Recruitment and Residence of Intestinal T Cells - Lessons for Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1326-1341. [PMID: 36806613 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeting leukocyte trafficking in the management of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been a significant therapeutic advance over the past 15 years. However, as with other advanced therapies, phase III clinical trials report response to trafficking inhibitors in only a proportion of patients, with fewer achieving clinical remission or mucosal healing. Additionally, there have been significant side effects, most notably progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in association with the α4 inhibitor natalizumab. This article reviews the mechanisms underpinning T cell recruitment and residence, to provide a background from which the strength and limitations of agents that disrupt leukocyte trafficking can be further explored. The therapeutic impact of trafficking inhibitors is underpinned by the complexity and plasticity of the intestinal immune response. Pathways essential for gut homing in health may be bypassed in the inflamed gut, thus providing alternative routes of entry when conventional homing molecules are targeted. Furthermore, there is conservation of trafficking architecture between proinflammatory and regulatory T cells. The persistence of resident memory cells within the gut gives rise to local established pro-inflammatory populations, uninfluenced by inhibition of trafficking. Finally, trafficking inhibitors may give rise to effects beyond the intended response, such as the impact of vedolizumab on innate immunity, as well as on target side effects. With significant research efforts into predictive biomarkers already underway, it is ultimately hoped that a better understanding of trafficking and residence will help us predict which patients are most likely to respond to inhibition of leukocyte trafficking, and how best to combine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gordon
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Beverley Rodger
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Stagg
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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7
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Yang R, Huang BY, Wang YN, Meng Q, Guo Y, Wang S, Yin XY, Feng H, Gong M, Wang S, Niu CY, Shi Y, Shi HS. Excision of mesenteric lymph nodes alters gut microbiota and impairs social dominance in adult mice. Brain Behav 2023:e3053. [PMID: 37157948 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are central in immune anatomy. MLNs are associated with the composition of gut microbiota, affecting the central system and immune system. Gut microbiota was found to differ among individuals of different social hierarchies. Nowadays, excision of MLNs is more frequently involved in gastrointestinal surgery; however, the potential side effects of excision of MLNs on social dominance are still unknown. METHODS MLNs were removed from male mice (7-8 weeks old). Four weeks after MLN removal, social dominance test was performed to investigate social dominance; hippocampal and serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were investigated; and histopathology was used to evaluate local inflammation of the ileum. The composition of the gut microbiota was then examined to understand the possible mechanism, and finally intraperitoneal injection of IL-10 was used to validate the effect of IL-10 on social dominance. RESULTS There was a decrease in social dominance in the operation group compared to the control group, as well as a decrease in serum and hippocampal IL-10 levels, but no difference in serum and hippocampal IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and no local inflammation of the ileum after MLN removal. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the relative abundance of the class Clostridia was decreased in the operation group. This decrease was positively associated with serum IL-10 levels. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of IL-10 in a subset of mice increased social dominance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that MLNs contributed to maintaining social dominance, which might be associated with reduced IL-10 and the imbalance of specific flora in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo-Ya Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Ning Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Yong Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chun-Yu Niu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hai-Shui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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8
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Qiu Z, Khairallah C, Chu TH, Imperato JN, Lei X, Romanov G, Atakilit A, Puddington L, Sheridan BS. Retinoic acid signaling during priming licenses intestinal CD103+ CD8 TRM cell differentiation. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20210923. [PMID: 36809399 PMCID: PMC9960115 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide frontline protection at barrier tissues; however, mechanisms regulating TRM cell development are not completely understood. Priming dictates the migration of effector T cells to the tissue, while factors in the tissue induce in situ TRM cell differentiation. Whether priming also regulates in situ TRM cell differentiation uncoupled from migration is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that T cell priming in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) regulates CD103+ TRM cell differentiation in the intestine. In contrast, T cells primed in the spleen were impaired in the ability to differentiate into CD103+ TRM cells after entry into the intestine. MLN priming initiated a CD103+ TRM cell gene signature and licensed rapid CD103+ TRM cell differentiation in response to factors in the intestine. Licensing was regulated by retinoic acid signaling and primarily driven by factors other than CCR9 expression and CCR9-mediated gut homing. Thus, the MLN is specialized to promote intestinal CD103+ CD8 TRM cell development by licensing in situ differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Camille Khairallah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Timothy H. Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jessica N. Imperato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xinyuan Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Galina Romanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Amha Atakilit
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Puddington
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Brian S. Sheridan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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9
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Pabst O, Hornef MW, Schaap FG, Cerovic V, Clavel T, Bruns T. Gut-liver axis: barriers and functional circuits. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00771-6. [PMID: 37085614 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut and the liver are characterized by mutual interactions between both organs, the microbiome, diet and other environmental factors. The sum of these interactions is conceptualized as the gut-liver axis. In this Review we discuss the gut-liver axis, concentrating on the barriers formed by the enterohepatic tissues to restrict gut-derived microorganisms, microbial stimuli and dietary constituents. In addition, we discuss the establishment of barriers in the gut and liver during development and their cooperative function in the adult host. We detail the interplay between microbial and dietary metabolites, the intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium, the immune system and the various host soluble factors, and how this interplay establishes a homeostatic balance in the healthy gut and liver. Finally, we highlight how this balance is disrupted in diseases of the gut and liver, outline the existing therapeutics and describe the cutting-edge discoveries that could lead to the development of novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G Schaap
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Bang YJ. Vitamin A: a key coordinator of host-microbe interactions in the intestine. BMB Rep 2023; 56:133-139. [PMID: 36751944 PMCID: PMC10068342 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is home to a dense community of microbiota that plays a key role in human health and disease. Nutrients are essential regulators of both host and microbial physiology and function as key coordinators of host-microbe interactions. Therefore, understanding the specific roles and underlying mechanisms of each nutrient in regulating the host-microbe interactions will be essential in developing new strategies for improving human health through microbiota and nutrient intervention. This review will give a basic overview of the role of vitamin A, an essential micronutrient, on human health, and highlight recent findings on the mechanisms by which it regulates the host-microbe interactions. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(3): 133-139].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Bang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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11
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Son J, Du W, Esposito M, Shariati K, Ding H, Kang Y, Accili D. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ALDH1A3 as a treatment of β-cell failure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:558. [PMID: 36732513 PMCID: PMC9895451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with β-cell dedifferentiation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 isoform A3 (ALHD1A3) is a marker of β-cell dedifferentiation and correlates with T2D progression. However, it is unknown whether ALDH1A3 activity contributes to β-cell failure, and whether the decrease of ALDH1A3-positive β-cells (A+) following pair-feeding of diabetic animals is due to β-cell restoration. To tackle these questions, we (i) investigated the fate of A+ cells during pair-feeding by lineage-tracing, (ii) somatically ablated ALDH1A3 in diabetic β-cells, and (iii) used a novel selective ALDH1A3 inhibitor to treat diabetes. Lineage tracing and functional characterization show that A+ cells can be reconverted to functional, mature β-cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ALDH1A3 in diabetic mice lowers glycemia and increases insulin secretion. Characterization of β-cells following ALDH1A3 inhibition shows reactivation of differentiation as well as regeneration pathways. We conclude that ALDH1A3 inhibition offers a therapeutic strategy against β-cell dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Son
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark Esposito
- Kayothera Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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12
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Hu J, Sang J, Hao F, Liu L. Association between vitamin A and asthma: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1100002. [PMID: 36794278 PMCID: PMC9922757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between vitamin A (vit A) status and risk of asthma. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were electronically searched to identify related studies that reported the association between vit A status and asthma. All databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed on R software Version 4.1.2 and STATA Version 12.0. Results: A total of 19 observational studies were included. A pooled analysis showed that the serum vit A concentrations in patients with asthma was lower than that in healthy controls (standard mean difference (SMD)= -2.479, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.719, -.239, 95% prediction interval (PI): -7.510, 2.552), and relatively higher vit A intake in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 7 years (risk ratio (RR)= 1.181, 95% CI: 1.048, 1.331). No significant correlation was observed between serum vit A levels or vit A intake and the risk of asthma. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis confirms that serum vit A levels are lower in patients with asthma than in healthy controls. Relatively higher vit A intake during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 7 years. There is no significant correlation between vit A intake and asthma risk in children, nor between serum vit A levels and asthma risk. The effect of vit A may depend on age or developmental stage, diet and genetics. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the association of vit A and asthma. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/CRD42022358930, identifier CRD42022358930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Sang
- Department of Tuina, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Hao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Feng Hao, ; Li Liu,
| | - Li Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Feng Hao, ; Li Liu,
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13
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Rivera CA, Lennon-Duménil AM. Gut immune cells and intestinal niche imprinting. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00006-X. [PMID: 36635104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The intestine comprises the largest proportion of immune cells in the body. It is continuously exposed to new antigens and immune stimuli from the diet, microbiota but also from intestinal pathogens. In this review, we describe the main populations of immune cells present along the intestine, both from the innate and adaptive immune system. We later discuss how intestinal niches significantly impact the phenotype and function of gut immune populations at steady state and upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Rivera
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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14
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Streich K, Klein M, Siebert A, Bleich A, Buettner M. Diet-induced obesity results in impaired oral tolerance induction. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e720. [PMID: 36444631 PMCID: PMC9673425 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity also affects the immune system. When dietary lipids are transported via the lymphatics, they pass the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs). In these secondary lymphoid organs, immune responses towards pathogens are generated, or tolerance against harmless antigens is induced. METHODS In this study, the effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on mLN induced oral tolerance induction were examined in C57BL/6NCrl mice. Therefore, mice were fed a high-fat or a low-fat diet for 14 weeks. After 10 weeks of feeding oral tolerance induction started, ending up in measuring the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, the cell subset composition and cytokine expression. RESULTS We detected an impaired oral tolerance induction during DIO, but changes were reversible after switching the feed to standard chow. Thus, the altered immunological function of mLNs depends on the intake of dietary lipids. Additionally, our results show an influence of the microenvironment on the development of oral tolerance during DIO as oral tolerance was induced in transplanted peripheral lymph nodes. CONCLUSION This indicates a functional influence of dietary lipids on stromal cells involved in immune system induction in the mLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Streich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Margarethe Klein
- Institute for Laboratory Animal ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,Institute for NeurophysiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Anja Siebert
- Institute for Laboratory Animal ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute for Laboratory Animal ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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15
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Shi X, Zhao L, Niu L, Yan Y, Chen Q, Jin Y, Li X. Oral Intervention of Narirutin Ameliorates the Allergic Response of Ovalbumin Allergy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13313-13326. [PMID: 36217946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new intervention was investigated for the induction of oral tolerance (OT) of OVA using narirutin by in vivo and in vitro experiments combined with network pharmacology and structural analysis of molecular docking. Narirutin (and its metabolism naringenin) has effects on OT by affecting B cell function, DCs, and T cell response by prediction. It was verified that narirutin could affect B cell function of secreting antibodies, thereby reducing the ability of DCs to absorb antigens by affecting GATA3, CCR7, STAT5, and MHCII expression and regulating T cell response by suppressing Th2 and improving Treg cells in vivo. Molecular docking showed that steric hindrance effects may be the reason for weaker binding energy with targets of narirutin. However, this does not mean that it has no bioactivity, for it can inhibit mast cell degranulation. This finding is interesting because it offers the possibility of using natural compounds to promote oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiushi Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, P. R. China
| | - Yongri Jin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, P. R. China
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16
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Cheng L, Becattini S. Intestinal CD8 + tissue-resident memory T cells: From generation to function. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1547-1560. [PMID: 35985020 PMCID: PMC9804592 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm), and particularly the CD8+ subset, have been shown to play a pivotal role in protection against infections and tumors. Studies in animal models and human tissues have highlighted that, while a core functional program is shared by Trm at all anatomical sites, distinct tissues imprint unique features through specific molecular cues. The intestinal tissue is often the target of pathogens for local proliferation and penetration into the host systemic circulation, as well as a prominent site of tumorigenesis. Therefore, promoting the formation of Trm at this location is an appealing therapeutic option. The various segments composing the gastrointestinal tract present distinctive histological and functional characteristics, which may reflect on the imprinting of unique functional features in the respective Trm populations. What these features are, and whether they can effectively be harnessed to promote local and systemic immunity, is still under investigation. Here, we review how Trm are generated and maintained in distinct intestinal niches, analyzing the required molecular signals and the models utilized to uncover them. We also discuss evidence for a protective role of Trm against infectious agents and tumors. Finally, we integrate the knowledge obtained from animal models with that gathered from human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland,Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Simone Becattini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland,Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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17
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Neuwirth T, Knapp K, Stary G. (Not) Home alone: Antigen presenting cell - T Cell communication in barrier tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984356. [PMID: 36248804 PMCID: PMC9556809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Priming of T cells by antigen presenting cells (APCs) is essential for T cell fate decisions, enabling T cells to migrate to specific tissues to exert their effector functions. Previously, these interactions were mainly explored using blood-derived cells or animal models. With great advances in single cell RNA-sequencing techniques enabling analysis of tissue-derived cells, it has become clear that subsets of APCs are responsible for priming and modulating heterogeneous T cell effector responses in different tissues. This composition of APCs and T cells in tissues is essential for maintaining homeostasis and is known to be skewed in infection and inflammation, leading to pathological T cell responses. This review highlights the commonalities and differences of T cell priming and subsequent effector function in multiple barrier tissues such as the skin, intestine and female reproductive tract. Further, we provide an overview of how this process is altered during tissue-specific infections which are known to cause chronic inflammation and how this knowledge could be harnessed to modify T cell responses in barrier tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Neuwirth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Knapp
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Georg Stary,
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18
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Ataide MA, Knöpper K, Cruz de Casas P, Ugur M, Eickhoff S, Zou M, Shaikh H, Trivedi A, Grafen A, Yang T, Prinz I, Ohlsen K, Gomez de Agüero M, Beilhack A, Huehn J, Gaya M, Saliba AE, Gasteiger G, Kastenmüller W. Lymphatic migration of unconventional T cells promotes site-specific immunity in distinct lymph nodes. Immunity 2022; 55:1813-1828.e9. [PMID: 36002023 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic transport of molecules and migration of myeloid cells to lymph nodes (LNs) continuously inform lymphocytes on changes in drained tissues. Here, using LN transplantation, single-cell RNA-seq, spectral flow cytometry, and a transgenic mouse model for photolabeling, we showed that tissue-derived unconventional T cells (UTCs) migrate via the lymphatic route to locally draining LNs. As each tissue harbored a distinct spectrum of UTCs with locally adapted differentiation states and distinct T cell receptor repertoires, every draining LN was thus populated by a distinctive tissue-determined mix of these lymphocytes. By making use of single UTC lineage-deficient mouse models, we found that UTCs functionally cooperated in interconnected units and generated and shaped characteristic innate and adaptive immune responses that differed between LNs that drained distinct tissues. Lymphatic migration of UTCs is, therefore, a key determinant of site-specific immunity initiated in distinct LNs with potential implications for vaccination strategies and immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ataide
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Cruz de Casas
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milas Ugur
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Eickhoff
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mangge Zou
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Haroon Shaikh
- Department of Medicine II and Pediatrics, Würzburg University Hospital, ZEMM, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Apurwa Trivedi
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Department of Immunology, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Anika Grafen
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II and Pediatrics, Würzburg University Hospital, ZEMM, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mauro Gaya
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Department of Immunology, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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19
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Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit extract abrogates melanoma progression through boosting up IFN-γ-producing cells. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Ktena YP, Koldobskiy MA, Barbato MI, Fu HH, Luznik L, Llosa NJ, Haile A, Klein OR, Liu C, Gamper CJ, Cooke KR. Donor T cell DNMT3a regulates alloreactivity in mouse models of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158047. [PMID: 35608905 PMCID: PMC9246380 DOI: 10.1172/jci158047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) is an important part of the epigenetic machinery that stabilizes patterns of activated T cell responses. We hypothesized that donor T cell DNMT3a regulates alloreactivity after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). T cell conditional Dnmt3a KO mice were used as donors in allo-BMT models. Mice receiving allo-BMT from KO donors developed severe acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), with increases in inflammatory cytokine levels and organ histopathology scores. KO T cells migrated and proliferated in secondary lymphoid organs earlier and demonstrated an advantage in trafficking to the small intestine. Donor T cell subsets were purified after BMT for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-Seq. KO T cells had global methylation similar to that of WT cells, with distinct, localized areas of hypomethylation. Using a highly sensitive computational method, we produced a comprehensive profile of the altered epigenome landscape. Hypomethylation corresponded with changes in gene expression in several pathways of T cell signaling and differentiation. Additionally, Dnmt3a-KO T cells resulted in superior graft-versus-tumor activity. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for DNMT3a in regulating T cell alloreactivity and reveal pathways that control T cell tolerance. These results also provide a platform for deciphering clinical data that associate donor DNMT3a mutations with increased GVHD, decreased relapse, and improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiouli P. Ktena
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A. Koldobskiy
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael I. Barbato
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Han-Hsuan Fu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas J. Llosa
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Azeb Haile
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Orly R. Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher J. Gamper
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Cooke
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Benne N, Ter Braake D, Stoppelenburg AJ, Broere F. Nanoparticles for Inducing Antigen-Specific T Cell Tolerance in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864403. [PMID: 35392079 PMCID: PMC8981588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect many people worldwide. Current treatment modalities focus on the reduction of disease symptoms using anti-inflammatory drugs which can lead to side effects due to systemic immune suppression. Restoration of immune tolerance by down-regulating auto-reactive cells in an antigen-specific manner is currently the “holy grail” for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A promising strategy is the use of nanoparticles that can deliver antigens to antigen-presenting cells which in turn can enhance antigen-specific regulatory T cells. In this review, we highlight some promising cell targets (e.g. liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and splenic marginal zone macrophages) for exploiting natural immune tolerance processes, and several strategies by which antigen-carrying nanoparticles can target these cells. We also discuss how nanoparticles carrying immunomodulators may be able to activate tolerance in other antigen-presenting cell types. Finally, we discuss some important aspects that must be taken into account when translating data from animal studies to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Ter Braake
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan Stoppelenburg
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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22
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Burrello C, Strati F, Lattanzi G, Diaz-Basabe A, Mileti E, Giuffrè MR, Lopez G, Cribiù FM, Trombetta E, Kallikourdis M, Cremonesi M, Conforti F, Botti F, Porretti L, Rescigno M, Vecchi M, Fantini MC, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. IL10 Secretion Endows Intestinal Human iNKT Cells with Regulatory Functions Towards Pathogenic T Lymphocytes. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1461-1474. [PMID: 35358301 PMCID: PMC9455792 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Invariant natural killer T [iNKT] cells perform pleiotropic functions in different tissues by secreting a vast array of pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic molecules. However, the presence and function of human intestinal iNKT cells capable of secreting immunomodulatory molecules such as IL-10 has never been reported so far. Here we describe for the first time the presence of IL10-producing iNKT cells [NKT10 cells] in the intestinal lamina propria of healthy individuals and of Crohn's disease [CD] patients. METHODS Frequency and phenotype of NKT10 cells were analysed ex vivo from intestinal specimens of Crohn's disease [n = 17] and controls [n = 7]. Stable CD-derived intestinal NKT10 cell lines were used to perform in vitro suppression assays and co-cultures with patient-derived mucosa-associated microbiota. Experimental colitis models were performed by adoptive cell transfer of splenic naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of IL10-sufficient or -deficient iNKT cells. In vivo induction of NKT10 cells was performed by administration of short chain fatty acids [SCFA] by oral gavage. RESULTS Patient-derived intestinal NKT10 cells demonstrated suppressive capabilities towards pathogenic CD4+ T cells. The presence of increased proportions of mucosal NKT10 cells associated with better clinical outcomes in CD patients. Moreover, an intestinal microbial community enriched in SCFA-producing bacteria sustained the production of IL10 by iNKT cells. Finally, IL10-deficient iNKT cells failed to control the pathogenic activity of adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells in an experimental colitis model. CONCLUSIONS These results describe an unprecedentd IL10-mediated immunoregulatory role of intestinal iNKT cells in controlling the pathogenic functions of mucosal T helper subsets and in maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Burrello
- Current address: Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Erika Mileti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Giuffrè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cremonesi
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Conforti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Botti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Porretti
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Corresponding author: Dr Federica Facciotti, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20135, Milan, Italy.
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Regulation of tissue-resident memory T cells by the Microbiota. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:408-417. [PMID: 35194180 PMCID: PMC9063729 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (Trms) predominantly reside within tissue and are critical for providing rapid protection against invasive viruses, fungi and bacteria. Given that tissues are heavily impacted and shaped by the microbiota, it stands to reason that Trms are also influenced by the microbiota that inhabits barrier sites. The influence of the microbiota is largely mediated by microbial production of metabolites which are crucial to the immune response to both viral infection and cancerous tumors. In addition to the effects of metabolites, antigens derived from the microbiota can activate T cell responses. While microbiota-specific T cells may assist in tissue repair, control of infection and anti-tumor immunity, the actual 'memory' potential of these cells remains unclear. Here, we hypothesize that memory responses to antigens from the microbiota must be 'licensed' by inflammatory signals activated by invasion of the host by microorganisms.
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24
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Govers C, Calder PC, Savelkoul HFJ, Albers R, van Neerven RJJ. Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841532. [PMID: 35296080 PMCID: PMC8918570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Research & Development, FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. J. Joost van Neerven,
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25
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Luciani C, Hager FT, Cerovic V, Lelouard H. Dendritic cell functions in the inductive and effector sites of intestinal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:40-50. [PMID: 34465895 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is constantly exposed to foreign antigens, which are mostly innocuous but can sometimes be harmful. Therefore, the intestinal immune system has the delicate task of maintaining immune tolerance to harmless food antigens while inducing tailored immune responses to pathogens and regulating but tolerating the microbiota. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in these functions as sentinel cells able to prime and polarize the T cell responses. DCs are deployed throughout the intestinal mucosa but with local specializations along the gut length and between the diffuse effector sites of the gut lamina propria (LP) and the well-organized immune inductive sites comprising isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), Peyer's patches (PPs), and other species-specific gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs). Understanding the specificities of each intestinal DC subset, how environmental factors influence DC functions, and how these can be modulated is key to harnessing the therapeutic potential of mucosal adaptive immune responses, whether by enhancing the efficacy of mucosal vaccines or by increasing tolerogenic responses in inflammatory disorders. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to intestinal DCs in steady state and upon inflammation, with a special focus on their functional specializations, highly dependent on their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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26
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Hornef M, Pabst O, Annesi-Maesano I, Fleddermann M, von Mutius E, Schaubeck M, Fiocchi A. Allergic diseases in infancy II-oral tolerance and its failure. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100586. [PMID: 34868451 PMCID: PMC8609161 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The early window of opportunity describes the timeframe after birth in which essential interactions of the immune system and the newly developing microbiota take place. The infant's immune system has to be reactive to invading pathogens and at the same time tolerant to dietary antigens. If the mechanisms of defense and tolerance induction are disturbed, the risk of infections or allergies is increased. Method This is a narrative review of the recently published information on the topic of neonatal intestinal development and mechanisms of oral tolerance and summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the 8th Human Milk Workshop. Results The early postnatal period sets the stage for life-long host-microbiome interaction. In this early phase, specific developmental mechanisms ensure physiologic interaction with the developing microbiota. Innate and adaptive immune cells interact in a concerted way to induce and uphold oral tolerance. Factors in human milk can support this induction of tolerance and simultaneously protect against infection and allergy development. Conclusion Understanding the developmental mechanisms in this early phase of immune system development is the first step to develop strategies of pathology prevention. As human milk protects the infant from infections, and aids to develop a tolerogenic immune response, further knowledge on the protective factors in human milk and their effect on the immune system is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, IPLESP, French Institute of Health and Medical Research and Sorbonne University, Medical School Saint Antoine, 27 Rue Chaligny, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Manja Fleddermann
- HiPP GmbH & Co. Vertrieb KG, Georg-Hipp-Straße 7, Pfaffenhofen, 85276, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, Munich, 80337, Germany
| | - Monika Schaubeck
- HiPP GmbH & Co. Vertrieb KG, Georg-Hipp-Straße 7, Pfaffenhofen, 85276, Germany
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Division of Allergy, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesú (IRCCS), Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy
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27
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Koning JJ, Rajaraman A, Reijmers RM, Konijn T, Pan J, Ware CF, Butcher EC, Mebius RE. Development of follicular dendritic cells in lymph nodes depends on retinoic acid-mediated signaling. Development 2021; 148:dev199713. [PMID: 34528674 PMCID: PMC8572003 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Specialized stromal cells occupy and help define B- and T-cell domains, which are crucial for proper functioning of our immune system. Signaling through lymphotoxin and TNF receptors is crucial for the development of different stromal subsets, which are thought to arise from a common precursor. However, mechanisms that control the selective generation of the different stromal phenotypes are not known. Using in vitro cultures of embryonic mouse stromal cells, we show that retinoic acid-mediated signaling is important for the differentiation of precursors towards the Cxcl13pos follicular dendritic cell (FDC) lineage, and also blocks lymphotoxin-mediated Ccl19pos fibroblastic reticular cell lineage differentiation. Accordingly, at the day of birth we observe the presence of Cxcl13posCcl19neg/low and Cxcl13neg/lowCcl19pos cells within neonatal lymph nodes. Furthermore, ablation of retinoic acid receptor signaling in stromal precursors early after birth reduces Cxcl13 expression, and complete blockade of retinoic acid signaling prevents the formation of FDC networks in lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper J. Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anusha Rajaraman
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rogier M. Reijmers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja Konijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Junliang Pan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eugene C. Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Reina E. Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2) in Immune Cell Migration. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101171. [PMID: 34696279 PMCID: PMC8539188 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a transcription factor of the krüppel-like family, is a key regulator of activation, differentiation, and migration processes in various cell types. In this review, we focus on the functional relevance of KLF2 in immune cell migration and homing. We summarize the key functions of KLF2 in the regulation of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules and discuss the relevance of the KLF2-mediated control of immune cell migration in the context of immune responses, infections, and diseases.
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29
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Wang H, Li X, Kajikawa T, Shin J, Lim JH, Kourtzelis I, Nagai K, Korostoff JM, Grossklaus S, Naumann R, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G. Stromal cell-derived DEL-1 inhibits Tfh cell activation and inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e150578. [PMID: 34403362 PMCID: PMC8483759 DOI: 10.1172/jci150578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein developmental endothelial locus 1 (DEL-1) regulates inflammatory cell recruitment and protects against inflammatory pathologies in animal models. Here, we investigated DEL-1 in inflammatory arthritis using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen Ab-induced arthritis (CAIA) models. In both models, mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of DEL-1 were protected from arthritis relative to WT controls, whereas arthritis was exacerbated in DEL-1-deficient mice. Compared with WT controls, mice with collagen VI promoter-driven overexpression of DEL-1 in mesenchymal cells were protected against CIA but not CAIA, suggesting a role for DEL-1 in the induction of the arthritogenic Ab response. Indeed, DEL-1 was expressed in perivascular stromal cells of the lymph nodes and inhibited Tfh and germinal center B cell responses. Mechanistically, DEL-1 inhibited DC-dependent induction of Tfh cells by targeting the LFA-1 integrin on T cells. Overall, DEL-1 restrained arthritis through a dual mechanism, one acting locally in the joints and associated with the anti-recruitment function of endothelial cell-derived DEL-1; the other mechanism acting systemically in the lymph nodes and associated with the ability of stromal cell-derived DEL-1 to restrain Tfh responses. DEL-1 may therefore be a promising therapeutic for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Kajikawa
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jieun Shin
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jong-Hyung Lim
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kosuke Nagai
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Korostoff
- Department of Periodontics, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sylvia Grossklaus
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Transgenic Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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30
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Longitudinal analysis of human humoral responses after vaccination with a live attenuated V. cholerae vaccine. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009743. [PMID: 34478460 PMCID: PMC8445443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a bacterial pathogen which causes the severe acute diarrheal disease cholera. Given that a symptomatic incident of cholera can lead to long term protection, a thorough understanding of the immune response to this pathogen is needed to identify parameters critical to the generation and durability of immunity. To approach this, we utilized a live attenuated cholera vaccine to model the response to V. cholerae infection in 12 naïve subjects. We found that this live attenuated vaccine induced durable vibriocidal antibody titers that were maintained at least one year after vaccination. Similar to what we previously reported in infected patients from Bangladesh, we found that vaccination induced plasmablast responses were primarily specific to the two immunodominant antigens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cholera toxin (CT). Interestingly, the magnitude of the early plasmablast response at day 7 predicted the serological outcome of vaccination at day 30. However, this correlation was no longer present at later timepoints. The acute responses displayed preferential immunoglobulin isotype usage, with LPS specific cells being largely IgM or IgA producing, while cholera toxin responses were predominantly IgG. Finally, CCR9 was highly expressed on vaccine induced plasmablasts, especially on IgM and IgA producing cells, suggesting a role in migration to the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the use of a live attenuated cholera vaccine is an effective tool to examine the primary and long-term immune response following V. cholerae exposure. Additionally, it provides insight into the phenotype and specificity of the cells which likely return to and mediate immunity at the intestinal mucosa. A thorough understanding of these properties both in peripheral blood and in the intestinal mucosae will inform future vaccine development against both cholera and other mucosal pathogens. Trial Registration: NCT03251495.
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31
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Jacobse J, Li J, Rings EHHM, Samsom JN, Goettel JA. Intestinal Regulatory T Cells as Specialized Tissue-Restricted Immune Cells in Intestinal Immune Homeostasis and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716499. [PMID: 34421921 PMCID: PMC8371910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a specialized population of CD4+ T cells that restrict immune activation and are essential to prevent systemic autoimmunity. In the intestine, the major function of Treg cells is to regulate inflammation as shown by a wide array of mechanistic studies in mice. While Treg cells originating from the thymus can home to the intestine, the majority of Treg cells residing in the intestine are induced from FOXP3neg conventional CD4+ T cells to elicit tolerogenic responses to microbiota and food antigens. This process largely takes place in the gut draining lymph nodes via interaction with antigen-presenting cells that convert circulating naïve T cells into Treg cells. Notably, dysregulation of Treg cells leads to a number of chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, understanding intestinal Treg cell biology in settings of inflammation and homeostasis has the potential to improve therapeutic options for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Here, the induction, maintenance, trafficking, and function of intestinal Treg cells is reviewed in the context of intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review we propose intestinal Treg cells do not compose fixed Treg cell subsets, but rather (like T helper cells), are plastic and can adopt different programs depending on microenvironmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Edmond H. H. M. Rings
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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32
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Shaikh H, Vargas JG, Mokhtari Z, Jarick KJ, Ulbrich M, Mosca JP, Viera EA, Graf C, Le DD, Heinze KG, Büttner-Herold M, Rosenwald A, Pezoldt J, Huehn J, Beilhack A. Mesenteric Lymph Node Transplantation in Mice to Study Immune Responses of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689896. [PMID: 34381447 PMCID: PMC8352558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) are sentinel sites of enteral immunosurveillance and immune homeostasis. Immune cells from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are constantly recruited to the mLNs in steady-state and under inflammatory conditions resulting in the induction of tolerance and immune cells activation, respectively. Surgical dissection and transplantation of lymph nodes (LN) is a technique that has supported seminal work to study LN function and is useful to investigate resident stromal and endothelial cell biology and their cellular interactions in experimental disease models. Here, we provide a detailed protocol of syngeneic mLN transplantation and report assays to analyze effective mLN engraftment in congenic recipients. Transplanted mLNs allow to study T cell activation and proliferation in preclinical mouse models. Donor mLNs proved viable and functional after surgical transplantation and regenerated blood and lymphatic vessels. Immune cells from the host completely colonized the transplanted mLNs within 7-8 weeks after the surgical intervention. After allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), adoptively transferred allogeneic CD4+ T cells from FVB/N (H-2q) mice homed to the transplanted mLNs in C57BL/6 (H-2b) recipients during the initiation phase of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD). These CD4+ T cells retained full proliferative capacity and upregulated effector and gut homing molecules comparable to those in mLNs from unmanipulated wild-type recipients. Wild type mLNs transplanted into MHCII deficient syngeneic hosts sufficed to activate alloreactive T cells upon allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, even in the absence of MHCII+ CD11c+ myeloid cells. These data support that orthotopically transplanted mLNs maintain physiological functions after transplantation. The technique of LN transplantation can be applied to study migratory and resident cell compartment interactions in mLNs as well as immune reactions from and to the gut under inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juan Gamboa Vargas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zeinab Mokhtari
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katja J. Jarick
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Ulbrich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josefina Peña Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Arellano Viera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Graf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Duc-Dung Le
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin G. Heinze
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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33
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Bos AV, Erkelens MN, Koenders STA, van der Stelt M, van Egmond M, Mebius RE. Clickable Vitamins as a New Tool to Track Vitamin A and Retinoic Acid in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671283. [PMID: 34305901 PMCID: PMC8298001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin A derivative, retinoid acid (RA) is key player in guiding adaptive mucosal immune responses. However, data on the uptake and metabolism of vitamin A within human immune cells has remained largely elusive because retinoids are small, lipophilic molecules which are difficult to detect. To overcome this problem and to be able to study the effect of vitamin A metabolism in human immune cell subsets, we have synthesized novel bio-orthogonal retinoid-based probes (clickable probes), which are structurally and functionally indistinguishable from vitamin A. The probes contain a functional group (an alkyne) to conjugate to a fluorogenic dye to monitor retinoid molecules in real-time in immune cells. We demonstrate, by using flow cytometry and microscopy, that multiple immune cells have the capacity to internalize retinoids to varying degrees, including human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and naïve B lymphocytes. We observed that naïve B cells lack the enzymatic machinery to produce RA, but use exogenous retinoic acid to enhance CD38 expression. Furthermore, we showed that human DCs metabolize retinal into retinoic acid, which in co-culture with naïve B cells led to of the induction of CD38 expression. These data demonstrate that in humans, DCs can serve as an exogenous source of RA for naïve B cells. Taken together, through the use of clickable vitamins our data provide valuable insight in the mechanism of vitamin A metabolism and its importance for human adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie V Bos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martje N Erkelens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan T A Koenders
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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34
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Nadafi R, Gago de Graça C, Keuning ED, Koning JJ, de Kivit S, Konijn T, Henri S, Borst J, Reijmers RM, van Baarsen LGM, Mebius RE. Lymph Node Stromal Cells Generate Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Control Autoreactive T and B Cell Responses. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4110-4123.e4. [PMID: 32209472 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Within lymph nodes (LNs), T follicular helper (TFH) cells help B cells to produce antibodies, which can either be protective or autoreactive. Here, we demonstrate that murine LN stromal cells (LNSCs) suppress the formation of autoreactive TFH cells in an antigen-specific manner, thereby significantly reducing germinal center B cell responses directed against the same self-antigen. Mechanistically, LNSCs express and present self-antigens in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, leading to the conversion of naive CD4+ T cells into T regulatory (TREG) cells in an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent manner. Upon blockade of TREG cells, using neutralizing IL-2 antibodies, autoreactive TFH cells are allowed to develop. We conclude that the continuous presentation of self-antigens by LNSCs is critical to generate antigen-specific TREG cells, thereby repressing the formation of TFH cells and germinal center B cell responses. Our findings uncover the ability of LNSCs to suppress the early activation of autoreactive immune cells and maintain peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nadafi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catarina Gago de Graça
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco D Keuning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander de Kivit
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja Konijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Universite, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier M Reijmers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa G M van Baarsen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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35
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Zou M, Wiechers C, Huehn J. Lymph node stromal cell subsets-Emerging specialists for tailored tissue-specific immune responses. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151492. [PMID: 33676241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective priming of adaptive immune responses depends on the precise dispatching of lymphocytes and antigens into and within lymph nodes (LNs), which are strategically dispersed throughout the body. Over the past decade, a growing body of evidence has advanced our understanding of lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) from viewing them as mere accessory cells to seeing them as critical cellular players for the modulation of adaptive immune responses. In this review, we summarize current advances on the pivotal roles that LNSCs play in orchestrating adaptive immune responses during homeostasis and infection, and highlight the imprinting of location-specific information by micro-environmental cues into LNSCs, thereby tailoring tissue-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangge Zou
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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36
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Ramirez VT, Sladek J, Godinez DR, Rude KM, Chicco P, Murray K, Brust-Mascher I, Gareau MG, Reardon C. Sensory Nociceptive Neurons Contribute to Host Protection During Enteric Infection With Citrobacter rodentium. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1978-1988. [PMID: 31960920 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons are an integral component of the immune system that functions to coordinate responses to bacterial pathogens. Sensory nociceptive neurons that can detect bacterial pathogens are found throughout the body with dense innervation of the intestinal tract. METHODS In this study, we assessed the role of these nerves in the coordination of host defenses to Citrobacter rodentium. Selective ablation of nociceptive neurons significantly increased bacterial burden 10 days postinfection and delayed pathogen clearance. RESULTS Because the sensory neuropeptide CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) regulates host responses during infection of the skin, lung, and small intestine, we assessed the role of CGRP receptor signaling during C rodentium infection. Although CGRP receptor blockade reduced certain proinflammatory gene expression, bacterial burden and Il-22 expression was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight that sensory nociceptive neurons exert a significant host protective role during C rodentium infection, independent of CGRP receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie T Ramirez
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jessica Sladek
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dayn Romero Godinez
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kavi M Rude
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pamela Chicco
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kaitlin Murray
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Melanie G Gareau
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Colin Reardon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
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37
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Basic M, Peppermüller PP, Bolsega S, Bleich A, Bornemann M, Bode U, Buettner M. Lymph Node Stromal Cells From Different Draining Areas Distinctly Regulate the Development of Chronic Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:549473. [PMID: 33664727 PMCID: PMC7921801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.549473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between the responsiveness of the intestinal immune system and the gut environment is fundamental for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, which is required for an adequate recognition of entering antigens. The disruption of this homeostasis by exaggerated immune response to harmless antigens can lead to the development of intestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Stromal cells are sessile non-hematopoietic cells that build the backbone of the lymph node, an important site for the immune response induction, but also contribute to immune response and tolerance induction. However, the knowledge about the role of stromal cells in the regulation of inflammatory responses is still limited. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the influence of stromal cells on the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that intestinal inflammation alters the immune activation of the mesenteric lymph node-derived stromal cells. Podoplanin+ and CD21/35+ stromal cells showed increased expression of MHC class II molecules, but CD106 expression on CD21/35+ cells was reduced. Stromal cells secreted cytokines and chemokines such as CCL7 and CXCL16 influenced the gut-homing phenotype and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, stromal cells of peripheral lymph nodes transplanted into the mesentery attenuated colitis severity in B6-Il10-/- mice. The reduced colitis severity in these mice was associated with increased expression of IL4 and distinct activation pattern of stromal cells derived from transplanted peripheral lymph nodes. Altogether, our results demonstrate that lymph node stromal cells impact development of chronic colitis via T cell induction. Moreover, lymph node stromal cells from different draining area due to neonatally imprinted processes distinctly regulate the induction of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Silvia Bolsega
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Bornemann
- Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bode
- Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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38
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Bruellman R, Llorente C. A Perspective Of Intestinal Immune-Microbiome Interactions In Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:307-327. [PMID: 33390852 PMCID: PMC7757023 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the intricacies of the gut microbiome and how it interacts with the host immune system has opened up pathways in the search for the treatment of disease conditions. Alcohol-associated liver disease is a major cause of death worldwide. Research has shed light on the breakdown of the protective gut barriers, translocation of gut microbes to the liver and inflammatory immune response to microbes all contributing to alcohol-associated liver disease. This knowledge has opened up avenues for alternative therapies to alleviate alcohol-associated liver disease based on the interaction of the commensal gut microbiome as a key player in the regulation of the immune response. This review describes the relevance of the intestinal immune system, the gut microbiota, and specialized and non-specialized intestinal cells in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. It also reflects how these components are altered during alcohol-associated liver disease and discusses new approaches for potential future therapies in alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bruellman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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39
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Intestinal regulatory T cell induction by β-elemene alleviates the formation of fat tissue-related inflammation. iScience 2020; 24:101883. [PMID: 33364577 PMCID: PMC7750371 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the intestinal immune system in the inhibition of fat tissue-related inflammation by dietary material is yet to be elucidated. Oral administration of β-elemene, contained in various foodstuffs, downregulated expressions of inflammatory cytokines and increased Foxp3+CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue of obese mice. However, β-elemene did not affect the inflammatory response of adipose tissue in vitro, suggesting that the inhibition observed in vivo was not due to direct interactions of adipose tissue with β-elemene. Instead, β-elemene increased Foxp3+CD4+ T cell population enhancing gene expressions of transforming growth factor β 1, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, integrin αvβ8, and interleukin-10 in intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, this study suggested the therapeutic effects of β-elemene on treating experimental obesity-induced chronic inflammation by adjusting the balance of immune cell populations in fat tissue through the generation of regulatory T cells in the intestinal immune system by modulating DC function. β-elemene downregulated inflammatory cytokines of adipose tissue of obese mice β-elemene increased Tregs of adipose tissue of obese mice β-elemene enhanced the expression of molecules for Treg induction in intestinal DCs
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40
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Mayer JU, Brown SL, MacDonald AS, Milling SW. Defined Intestinal Regions Are Drained by Specific Lymph Nodes That Mount Distinct Th1 and Th2 Responses Against Schistosoma mansoni Eggs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592325. [PMID: 33193437 PMCID: PMC7644866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of type 1 and type 2 immune responses plays a crucial role in anti-helminth immunity and can either support chronic infection or drive type 2 mediated expulsion of the parasite. Helminth antigens and secreted molecules directly influence this balance and induce a favorable immunological environment for the parasite’s survival. However, less is known if the site of infection also influences the balance of type 1 and type 2 immunity. Here, we report that tissue-specific immune responses are mounted against helminth antigens, which elicited strong IL-4 responses when injected into the skin, while the same antigen, delivered into the intestinal subserosa, induced increased IFN-γ and reduced Th2 responses. Immune responses in individual mesenteric lymph nodes that drain defined regions of the intestine furthermore displayed a site-specific pattern of type 1 and type 2 immunity after Schistosoma mansoni or Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection. S. mansoni egg-specific Th2 responses were detectable in all mesenteric lymph nodes but Th1 responses were only present in those draining the colon, while H. polygyrus infection elicited mixed Th1 and Th2 responses in the lymph nodes associated with the site of infection. Similar site-specific type 1 and type 2 immune responses were observed in the draining lymph nodes after the controlled delivery of S. mansoni eggs into different segments of the small and large intestine using microsurgical techniques. Different subsets of intestinal dendritic cells were hereby responsible for the uptake and priming of Th1 and Th2 responses against helminth antigens. Migratory CD11b+CD103− and especially CD11b+CD103+ DC2s transported S. mansoni egg antigens to the draining lymph nodes to induce Th1 and Th2 responses, while CD103+ DC1s induced only IFN-γ responses. In contrast, H. polygyrus antigens were predominantly transported by CD11b+CD103− DC2s and CD103+ DC1s and all DC subsets induced similar Th1 but weaker Th2 responses, compared to S. mansoni egg antigens. The development of adaptive anti-helminth immune responses is therefore influenced by the antigen itself, the uptake and priming characteristics of antigen-positive dendritic cell subsets and the site of infection, which shape the level of Th1 and Th2 responses in order to create a favorable immunological environment for the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes U Mayer
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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41
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Seamons A, Haenisch M, Meeker S, Pershutkina O, Brabb T, Treuting PM, Paik J. Protective Effects of ALDH1A Enzyme Inhibition on Helicobacter-Induced Colitis in Smad3 -/- Mice are Associated with Altered α4ß7 Integrin Expression on Activated T Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102927. [PMID: 32987910 PMCID: PMC7599670 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients require surgical intervention due to limited pharmacological treatment options. Antibodies targeting α4ß7, a gut-homing integrin, are one of the most promising IBD treatments. As retinoic acid (RA) regulates expression of gut-homing proteins including α4ß7 integrin, we tested if ALDH1A enzymes in the RA synthesis pathway could be targeted for IBD treatment using a potent inhibitor, WIN 18,446. Age- and sex-matched Smad3-/- mice were fed a diet with and without WIN 18,446 for 3 weeks before triggering inflammation with Helicobacter bilis infection. Colitis was evaluated by histopathology one week following the IBD trigger, and T cell subsets were evaluated before and after the IBD trigger. WIN 18,446 treatment significantly reduced IBD severity in Smad3-/- mice and reduced expression of α4ß7 integrin on multiple activated CD4+ T cell subsets. This change was associated with increased ratios of induced regulatory T cells to Th17 cells during the inflammatory response in the draining lymph nodes. These studies indicate that RA reduction via ALDH1A enzyme inhibition is a potential new target for IBD treatment. Further studies are needed to examine its effects on other types of immune cells, to evaluate the efficacy window for this target, and to determine its efficacy in other animal models of IBD.
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42
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Beukema M, Faas MM, de Vos P. The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1364-1376. [PMID: 32908213 PMCID: PMC8080816 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are dietary fibers with different structural characteristics. Specific pectin structures can influence the gastrointestinal immune barrier by directly interacting with immune cells or by impacting the intestinal microbiota. The impact of pectin strongly depends on the specific structural characteristics of pectin; for example, the degree of methyl-esterification, acetylation and rhamnogalacturonan I or rhamnogalacturonan II neutral side chains. Here, we review the interactions of specific pectin structures with the gastrointestinal immune barrier. The effects of pectin include strengthening the mucus layer, enhancing epithelial integrity, and activating or inhibiting dendritic cell and macrophage responses. The direct interaction of pectins with the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be governed through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 or Galectin-3. In addition, specific pectins can stimulate the diversity and abundance of beneficial microbial communities. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be enhanced by short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, pectins can enhance the intestinal immune barrier by favoring the adhesion of commensal bacteria and inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to epithelial cells. Current data illustrate that pectin may be a powerful dietary fiber to manage and prevent several inflammatory conditions, but additional human studies with pectin molecules with well-defined structures are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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43
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Li X, Zhao J, Kasinath V, Uehara M, Jiang L, Banouni N, McGrath MM, Ichimura T, Fiorina P, Lemos DR, Shin SR, Ware CF, Bromberg JS, Abdi R. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells deposit fibrosis-associated collagen following organ transplantation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4182-4194. [PMID: 32597832 PMCID: PMC7410068 DOI: 10.1172/jci136618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the immune response within draining lymph nodes (DLNs) has been studied for decades, how their stromal compartment contributes to this process remains to be fully explored. Here, we show that donor mast cells were prominent activators of collagen I deposition by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in DLNs shortly following transplantation. Serial analysis of the DLN indicated that the LN stroma did not return to its baseline microarchitecture following organ rejection and that the DLN contained significant fibrosis following repetitive organ transplants. Using several FRC conditional-knockout mice, we show that induction of senescence in the FRCs of the DLN resulted in massive production of collagen I and a proinflammatory milieu within the DLN. Stimulation of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on FRCs by its ligand LIGHT contributed chiefly to the induction of senescence in FRCs and overproduction of collagen I. Systemic administration of ex vivo-expanded FRCs to mice decreased DLN fibrosis and strengthened the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging heart allograft survival. These data demonstrate that the transformation of FRCs into proinflammatory myofibroblasts is critically important for the maintenance of a proinflammatory milieu within a fibrotic DLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martina M. McGrath
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dario R. Lemos
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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44
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Koning JJ, Mebius RE. Stromal cells and immune cells involved in formation of lymph nodes and their niches. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:20-25. [PMID: 32325389 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs are critical for efficient interaction between innate antigen presenting cells and adaptive lymphocytes in order to start adaptive immune responses. The efficiency by which these cellular subsets meet is highly increased by the orchestrating role of stromal cells within the secondary lymphoid organs. These cells provide cytokines, chemokines and cell surface receptors necessary for survival and guided migration. This increases the likelihood that antigen specific adaptive immune responses occur. Already from initial formation of secondary lymphoid organs, the interaction of immune cells with stromal cells is crucial and this interaction continues during immune activation. With the recent discovery of many stromal cell subsets new immune micro-niches with specific functions that are orchestrated by stromal cells will be discovered. Here, we will discuss how the development of lymph nodes as well as their specific niches is guided by the interaction of immune cells and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper J Koning
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University of Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University of Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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45
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Kulkarni DH, Gustafsson JK, Knoop KA, McDonald KG, Bidani SS, Davis JE, Floyd AN, Hogan SP, Hsieh CS, Newberry RD. Goblet cell associated antigen passages support the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:271-282. [PMID: 31819172 PMCID: PMC7044050 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to innocuous antigens from the diet and the commensal microbiota is a fundamental process essential to health. Why tolerance is efficiently induced to substances arising from the hostile environment of the gut lumen is incompletely understood but may be related to how these antigens are encountered by the immune system. We observed that goblet cell associated antigen passages (GAPs), but not other pathways of luminal antigen capture, correlated with the acquisition of luminal substances by lamina propria (LP) antigen presenting cells (APCs) and with the sites of tolerance induction to luminal antigens. Strikingly this role extended beyond antigen delivery. The GAP function of goblet cells facilitated maintenance of pre-existing LP T regulatory cells (Tregs), imprinting LP-dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties, and facilitating LP macrophages to produce the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. Moreover, tolerance to dietary antigen was impaired in the absence of GAPs. Thus, by delivering luminal antigens, maintaining pre-existing LP Tregs, and imprinting tolerogenic properties on LP-APCs GAPs support tolerance to substances encountered in the hostile environment of the gut lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H Kulkarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Keely G McDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shay S Bidani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jazmyne E Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexandria N Floyd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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46
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Zheng J, Taylor B, Dodge J, Stephans A, Zheng SG, Chen Q, Chen X. Radiation and host retinoic acid signaling promote the induction of gut-homing donor T cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:64-74. [PMID: 31207088 PMCID: PMC6918002 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a devastating complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although it has been well established that gut-tropic donor T cells expressing integrin α4β7 are required to cause intestinal damage, the factors that control the induction of this pathogenic T cell population remain to be identified. Retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in inducing α4β7 expression on T cells. In this study, we showed that gene expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase, the key enzyme involved in RA biosynthesis, is significantly increased in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of irradiated mice. In a C57BL/6-into-B6D2F1 allogeneic HSCT model, irradiation significantly increased the induction of α4β7+ -donor T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. Furthermore, we found that the RA pathway modulates the ability of dendritic cells to imprint gut-homing specificity on alloreactive T cells. We also showed that host dendritic cell RA signaling influences GVHD risk. Our studies identified radiation and recipient RA signaling as 2 primary factors that dictate the magnitude of gut-homing donor T cell induction after allogeneic HSCT. Attenuating radiation-associated inflammation and modulating host RA signaling represent feasible strategies to mitigate intestinal GVHD by reducing gut-seeking pathogenic donor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zheng
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;,Department of Oncology, the Union Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Brian Taylor
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Joseph Dodge
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Allison Stephans
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University School of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Union Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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47
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Abstract
Appropriate priming of tolerogenic or effector immune responses is crucial for intestinal homeostasis. Recently in Nature, Esterházy et al. (2019) reveal how compartmentalization of lymphatic drainage to functionally distinct lymph nodes facilitates the simultaneous induction of tolerogenic and effector responses.
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Trivett MT, Burke JD, Deleage C, Coren LV, Hill BJ, Jain S, Barsov EV, Breed MW, Kramer JA, Del Prete GQ, Lifson JD, Swanstrom AE, Ott DE. Preferential Small Intestine Homing and Persistence of CD8 T Cells in Rhesus Macaques Achieved by Molecularly Engineered Expression of CCR9 and Reduced Ex Vivo Manipulation. J Virol 2019; 93:e00896-19. [PMID: 31434738 PMCID: PMC6803279 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00896-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a powerful experimental approach to directly study T-cell-mediated immunity in vivo In the rhesus macaque AIDS virus model, infusing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected animals with CD8 T cells engineered to express anti-SIV T-cell receptor specificities enables direct experimentation to better understand antiviral T-cell immunity in vivo Limiting factors in ACT experiments include suboptimal trafficking to, and poor persistence in, the secondary lymphoid tissues targeted by AIDS viruses. Previously, we redirected CD8 T cells to B-cell follicles by ectopic expression of the CXCR5 homing protein. Here, we modify peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived CD8 T cells to express the CCR9 chemokine receptor, which induces preferential homing of the engineered cells to the small intestine, a site of intense early AIDS virus replication and pathology in rhesus macaques. Additionally, we increase in vivo persistence and overall systemic distribution of infused CD8 T cells, especially in secondary lymphoid tissues, by minimizing ex vivo culture/manipulation, thereby avoiding the loss of CD28+/CD95+ central memory T cells by differentiation in culture. These proof-of-principle results establish the feasibility of preferentially localizing PBMC-derived CD8 T cells to the small intestine and enables the direct experimental ACT-based assessment of the potential role of the quality and timing of effective antiviral CD8 T-cell responses to inhibit viral infection and subsequent replication in small intestine CD4 T cells. More broadly, these results support the engineered expression of homing proteins to direct CD8 T cells to target tissues as a means for both experimental and potential therapeutic advances in T-cell immunotherapies, including cancer.IMPORTANCEAdoptive cell transfer (ACT) of T cells engineered with antigen-specific effector properties can deliver targeted immune responses against malignancies and infectious diseases. Current T-cell-based therapeutic ACT relies on circulatory distribution to deliver engineered T cells to their targets, an approach which has proven effective for some leukemias but provided only limited efficacy against solid tumors. Here, engineered expression of the CCR9 homing receptor redirected CD8 T cells to the small intestine in rhesus macaque ACT experiments. Targeted homing of engineered T-cell immunotherapies holds promise to increase the effectiveness of adoptively transferred cells in both experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Trivett
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - James D Burke
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori V Coren
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brenna J Hill
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sumiti Jain
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Eugene V Barsov
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew W Breed
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua A Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory Q Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne E Swanstrom
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David E Ott
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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49
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Mowat AM. To respond or not to respond - a personal perspective of intestinal tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 18:405-415. [PMID: 29491358 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For many years, the intestine was one of the poor relations of the immunology world, being a realm inhabited mostly by specialists and those interested in unusual phenomena. However, this has changed dramatically in recent years with the realization of how important the microbiota is in shaping immune function throughout the body, and almost every major immunology institution now includes the intestine as an area of interest. One of the most important aspects of the intestinal immune system is how it discriminates carefully between harmless and harmful antigens, in particular, its ability to generate active tolerance to materials such as commensal bacteria and food proteins. This phenomenon has been recognized for more than 100 years, and it is essential for preventing inflammatory disease in the intestine, but its basis remains enigmatic. Here, I discuss the progress that has been made in understanding oral tolerance during my 40 years in the field and highlight the topics that will be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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50
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Tezuka H, Ohteki T. Regulation of IgA Production by Intestinal Dendritic Cells and Related Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1891. [PMID: 31456802 PMCID: PMC6700333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is a physiological barrier for most microbes, including both commensal bacteria and invading pathogens. Under homeostatic conditions, immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major immunoglobulin isotype in the intestinal mucosa. Microbes stimulate the production of IgA, which controls bacterial translocation and neutralizes bacterial toxins at the intestinal mucosal surface. In the intestinal mucosa, dendritic cells (DCs), specialized antigen-presenting cells, regulate both T-cell-dependent (TD) and -independent (TI) immune responses. The intestinal DCs are a heterogeneous population that includes unique subsets that induce IgA synthesis in B cells. The characteristics of intestinal DCs are strongly influenced by the microenvironment, including the presence of commensal bacterial metabolites and epithelial cell-derived soluble factors. In this review, we summarize the ontogeny, classification, and function of intestinal DCs and how the intestinal microenvironment conditions DCs and their precursors to become the mucosal phenotype, in particular to regulate IgA production, after they arrive at the intestine. Understanding the mechanism of IgA synthesis could provide insights for designing effective mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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