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Heim K, Hudelist G, Geier A, Szedenik H, Christensen ND, Concin N, Bergant A, Volgger B, Czerwenka K, Höpfl R. Type-Specific Antiviral Antibodies to Genital Human Papillomavirus Types in Mothers and Newborns. Reprod Sci 2016; 14:806-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719107309546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Heim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria,
| | - Gernot Hudelist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital,Villach,Austria, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Special Gynecology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Geier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Hannes Szedenik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, Department of Pathology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Nicole Concin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Anton Bergant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Birgit Volgger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Klaus Czerwenka
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Division of Gynecopathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Höpfl
- Department of Dermatolgy and Venerology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Lin X, Chen S, Xue X, Lu L, Zhu S, Li W, Chen X, Zhong X, Jiang P, Sename TS, Zheng Y, Zhang L. Chimerically fused antigen rich of overlapped epitopes from latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) of Epstein-Barr virus as a potential vaccine and diagnostic agent. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:492-501. [PMID: 25864917 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is prevalent throughout the world and is associated with several malignant diseases in humans. Latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) of EBV plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated tumors; therefore, LMP2 has been considered to be a potential immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic target. A multi-epitope-based antigen is a promising option for therapeutic vaccines and diagnoses of such malignancies. In this study, we systematically screened cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T cell (Th) and B-cell epitopes within EBV-LMP2 using bioinformatics. Based on the screen, two peptides rich in overlapping epitopes of both T cells and B cells were selected to construct a plasmid containing the sequence for a chimeric multi-epitope protein referred to as EBV-LMP2m, which is composed of LMP2aa195∼232 and LMP2aa419∼436. The EBV-LMP2m protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) after prokaryotic codon optimization. Inoculation of the purified chimeric antigen in BALB/c mice induced not only high levels of specific IgG in the serum and secretory IgA in the vaginal mucus but also a specific CTL response. By using purified EBV-LMP2m as an antigen, the presence of specific IgG in the serum specimens of 202 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients was effectively detected with 52.84% sensitivity and 95.40% specificity, which represents an improvement over the traditional detection method based on VCA-IgA (60.53% sensitivity and 76.86% specificity). The above results indicate that EBV-LMP2m may be used not only as a potential target antigen for EBV-associated tumors but also a diagnostic agent for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenshu Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Torsoo Sophia Sename
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Vidyasagar P, Sridevi VN, Rajan S, Praveen A, Srikanth A, Abhinay G, Siva Kumar V, Verma RR, Rajendra L. Generation and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against baculo-expressed HPV 16 VLPs. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2014; 4:56-64. [PMID: 24678406 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.4.2014.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the well-known second most cause of cervical cancer in women worldwide. According to the WHO survey, 70% of the total cervical cancers are associated with types HPV 16 and 18. Presently used prophylactic vaccine for HPV contains mainly capsid protein of L1 virus like particles (VLPs). Correct folding of VLPs and display of neutralizing epitopes are the major constraint for VLP-based vaccines. Further, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) play a vital role in developing therapeutics and diagnostics. mAbs are also useful for the demonstration of VLP conformation, virus typing and product process assessment as well. In the present study, we have explored the usefulness of mAbs generated against sf-9 expressed HPV 16 VLPs demonstrated as type-specific and conformational dependent against HPV 16 VLPs by ELISA. High affinity and high pseudovirion neutralization titer of mAbs indicated their potential for the development of prophylactic vaccines for HPV. Also, the type-specific and conformational reactivity of the mAbs to HPV 16 VLPs in sf-9 cells by immunofluorescence assay proved their diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vidyasagar
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
| | - V N Sridevi
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
| | - S Rajan
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
| | - A Praveen
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
| | - A Srikanth
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
| | - G Abhinay
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
| | - V Siva Kumar
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
| | - R R Verma
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
| | - L Rajendra
- Indian Immunologicals Limited Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500032 India
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Shen X, Jin J, Ding Y, Wang P, Wang A, Xiao D, Xue X, Zhu S, Zhang L, Zhu G. Novel immunodominant epitopes derived from MAGE-A3 and its significance in serological diagnosis of gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1529-38. [PMID: 23842851 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the significance of MAGE-A3 novel immunodominant epitopes in serological diagnosis of gastric cancer. METHODS B cell, CTL, and Th epitopes of MAGE-A3 were analyzed using computer-assisted techniques. Three possible immunodominant epitope peptides located at 5aa-23aa (QRSQHCKPEEGLEARGEAL), 112aa-131aa (KVAELVHFLLLKYRAREPVT), and 232aa-246aa (EGREDSILGDPKKLL) with potential B cell-dominant epitope, high-score HLA-A2 and A24 restriction CTL epitope, and HLA-DRB restriction Th epitope were selected. After optimized by prokaryotic codon, these genes were expressed as Trx-His-tag recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-NTA agarose beads. Three recombinant proteins were identified by Western blotting using His-tag monoclonal antibody and the serum antibodies from the patient of gastric cancer. The level of specific antibodies in the sera from 210 patients with gastric cancer, 56 patients with chronic gastritis, and 116 healthy controls was further analyzed by indirect ELISA. RESULTS Three MAGE-A3 epitope recombinant proteins about 20 kDa molecular weight were specifically recognized by His-tag monoclonal antibody and the serum of gastric cancer patients. ELISA based on the epitope recombinant protein indicated that gastric cancer patients had significantly higher reactivity to these immunodominant epitope proteins compared with chronic gastritis and healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum antibody positive rate in the gastric cancer group was also significantly higher than that in the chronic gastritis patients and healthy controls (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in gastritis group and the healthy control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These study results demonstrated that these three predictive epitopes may be potential targets for applications in the design of serological diagnosis tools for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical College, WenZhou, 325000, ZheJiang Province, China
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Tiggelaar SM, Lin MJ, Viscidi RP, Ji J, Smith JS. Age-specific human papillomavirus antibody and deoxyribonucleic acid prevalence: a global review. J Adolesc Health 2012; 50:110-31. [PMID: 22265107 PMCID: PMC3572199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Global data on human papillomavirus (HPV) serological and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) prevalence are essential to optimize HPV prophylactic vaccination strategies. METHODS We conducted a global review of age-specific HPV antibody and studies with both antibody and DNA prevalence for HPV-16, -18, -6, and -11. RESULTS One hundred seventeen studies were included; participants' ages ranged from several hours to >90 years. HPV-16 seroprevalence was generally higher in Africa, Central and South America, and North America, more prevalent among women than among men, and peaked around ages 25-40 years. HPV-18 seroprevalence was generally lower than HPV-16 with a later age peak. Data were limited for HPV-6 and -11, both of which peaked at ages similar to HPV-18. Among 9-26-year-old females, HPV-16 seroprevalence ranged from 0%-31% in North America, 21%-30% in Africa, 0%-23% in Asia/Australia, 0%-33% in Europe, and 13%-43% in Central and South America. HPV-16/-18 DNA prevalence peaked 10-15 years before corresponding HPV-16/-18 antibody prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Females within the HPV vaccine-eligible age-group (9-26 years) had a range of dual HPV-16 DNA and serology negativity from 81%-87%, whereas 90%-98% were HPV-16 DNA negative. Serology and DNA data are lacking worldwide for females younger than age 15 years, the prime target group for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Tiggelaar
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Margaret J Lin
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jia Ji
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Identification of B-cell epitopes on virus-like particles of cutaneous alpha-human papillomaviruses. J Virol 2009; 83:12692-701. [PMID: 19793806 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01582-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (PV) (HPV) types 2, 27, and 57 are closely related and, hence, represent a promising model system to study the correlation of phylogenetic relationship and immunological distinctiveness of PVs. These HPV types cause a large fraction of cutaneous warts occurring in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, they constitute a target for the development of virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines. However, the immunogenic structure of HPV type 2, 27, and 57 capsids has not been studied yet. Here we provide, for the first time, a characterization of the B-cell epitopes on VLPs of cutaneous alpha-HPVs using a panel of 94 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated upon immunization with capsids from HPV types 2, 27, and 57. The MAbs generated were characterized regarding their reactivities with glutathione S-transferase-L1 fusion proteins from 18 different PV types, the nature of their recognized epitopes, their isotypes, and their ability to neutralize HPV type 2, 27, 57, or 16. In total, 33 of the 94 MAbs (35%) showed type-specific reactivity. All type-specific MAbs recognize linear epitopes, most of which map to the hypervariable surface loop regions of the L1 amino acid sequence. Four of the generated MAbs neutralized pseudovirions of the inoculated HPV type efficiently. All four MAbs recognized epitopes within the BC loop, which is required and sufficient for their neutralizing activity. Our data highlight the immunological distinctiveness of individual HPV types, even in comparison to their closest relatives, and they provide a basis for the development of VLP-based vaccines against cutaneous alpha-HPVs.
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7
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New viral vaccines for dermatologic disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58:361-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kohl TO, Hitzeroth II, Christensen ND, Rybicki EP. Expression of HPV-11 L1 protein in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. BMC Biotechnol 2007; 7:56. [PMID: 17850660 PMCID: PMC2235857 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-7-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have investigated the possibility and feasibility of producing the HPV-11 L1 major capsid protein in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia and Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi as potential sources for an inexpensive subunit vaccine. RESULTS Transformation of plants was only achieved with the HPV-11 L1 gene with the C-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS-) encoding region removed, and not with the full-length gene. The HPV-11 L1 NLS- gene was stably integrated and inherited through several generations of transgenic plants. Plant-derived HPV-11 L1 protein was capable of assembling into virus-like particles (VLPs), although resulting particles displayed a pleomorphic phenotype. Neutralising monoclonal antibodies binding both surface-linear and conformation-specific epitopes bound the A. thaliana-derived particles and - to a lesser degree - the N. tabacum-derived particles, suggesting that plant-derived and insect cell-derived VLPs displayed similar antigenic properties. Yields of up to 12 microg/g of HPV-11 L1 NLS- protein were harvested from transgenic A. thaliana plants, and 2 microg/g from N. tabacum plants - a significant increase over previous efforts. Immunization of New Zealand white rabbits with approximately 50 microg of plant-derived HPV-11 L1 NLS- protein induced an antibody response that predominantly recognized insect cell-produced HPV-11 L1 NLS- and not NLS+ VLPs. Evaluation of the same sera concluded that none of them were able to neutralise pseudovirion in vitro. CONCLUSION We expressed the wild-type HPV-11 L1 NLS- gene in two different plant species and increased yields of HPV-11 L1 protein by between 500 and 1000-fold compared to previous reports. Inoculation of rabbits with extracts from both plant types resulted in a weak immune response, and antisera neither reacted with native HPV-11 L1 VLPs, nor did they neutralise HPV-11 pseudovirion infectivity. This has important and potentially negative implications for the production of HPV-11 vaccines in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Kohl
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, PO Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, PB Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Inga I Hitzeroth
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, PO Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, PB Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neil D Christensen
- Department of Pathology, The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, PO Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, PB Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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Blanchet JS, Sonnex C, Gough GW, Warren AP. Local And Systemic Human Papillomavirus Type 6b-Specific Cellular Immune Responses in Patients with Recurrent Genital Warts. Viral Immunol 2007; 20:44-55. [PMID: 17425420 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2006.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anogenital warts are a common clinical manifestation of genital infection with human papillomavirus type 6b (HPV-6b). Accumulating data indicate that an effective cellular immune response is required for the control of HPV infections. However, in a minority of patients there is a high rate of recurrence of wart lesions. We report the characterization of both local and systemic HPV-specific cellular immune responses in three patients with a history of recurrent genital warts. Although the patients had chronic recurrent wart lesions, we have shown that each had both detectable intralesional and peripheral HPV-specific T lymphocytes. Interestingly, the lesion-infiltrating T cells were specific for only one HPV antigen, focusing on only a few epitopes. Conversely, the T cells derived from peripheral blood recognized a broader range of HPV antigens. The characteristics of the HPV-specific cellular immunity that we have shown in these patients may be indicative of a failure to mount an effective response against the virus. This would be consistent with the chronic nature of the disease in these specific individuals. These observations could be relevant to the design and immunomonitoring of immunotherapeutic vaccines for persistent HPV infections.
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Scheurer ME, Tortolero-Luna G, Adler-Storthz K. Human papillomavirus infection: biology, epidemiology, and prevention. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:727-46. [PMID: 16174218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, knowledge of the biology and epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has increased tremendously. However, there are still many unanswered questions concerning the interaction of the virus with its host. The virus has been identified as a necessary causal agent for cervical squamous neoplasia and has been linked to the development of neoplasia in several other mucosal sites. The viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are the major players in the virus' scheme to evade the immune system and use the host cell replication machinery to survive. Many risk factors for infection with HPV have been identified; however, the focus now centers on identifying risk factors for persistence of the infection as it is likely that transient infections play a very small role in the overall development of clinical disease. Prevention measures to date have centered around screening programs, mostly for cervical cancer, including the perfection of screening techniques and inclusion of molecular testing for HPV into screening regimens. The development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines has also increased as primary prevention measures appear to have the best hope for long-term effects on cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Scheurer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Orozco JJ, Carter JJ, Koutsky LA, Galloway DA. Humoral immune response recognizes a complex set of epitopes on human papillomavirus type 6 l1 capsomers. J Virol 2005; 79:9503-14. [PMID: 16014913 PMCID: PMC1181614 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.15.9503-9514.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epitope mapping has identified residues on the human papillomavirus (HPV) major capsid protein (L1) that are important for binding mouse monoclonal antibodies, epitopes recognized by human antibodies are not known. To map epitopes on HPV type 6 (HPV6) L1, surface-exposed loops were mutated to the corresponding sequence of HPV11 L1. HPV6 L1 capsomers had one to six regions mutated, including the BC, DE, EF, FG, and HI loops and the 139 C-terminal residues. After verifying proper conformation, hybrid capsomers were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with 36 HPV6-seropositive sera from women enrolled in a study of incident HPV infection. Twelve sera were HPV6 specific, while the remainder reacted with both HPV6 and HPV11 L1. By preadsorption studies, 6/11 of these sera were shown to be cross-reactive. Among the HPV6-specific sera there was no immunodominant epitope recognized by all sera. Six of the 12 sera recognized epitopes that contained residues from combinations of the BC, DE, and FG loops, one serum recognized an epitope that consisted partially of the C-terminal arm, and three sera recognized complex epitopes to which reactivity was eliminated by switching all five loops. Reactivity in two sera was not eliminated even with all six regions swapped. The patterns of epitope recognition did not change over time in women whose sera were examined 9 years after their first-seropositive visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnie J Orozco
- Program in Cancer Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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Williamson AL, Passmore JA, Rybicki EP. Strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer by human papillomavirus vaccination. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2005; 19:531-44. [PMID: 16150392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As cervical cancer is causally associated with 14 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a successful HPV vaccine will have a major impact on this disease. Although some persistent HPV infections progress to cervical cancer, host immunity is generally able to clear most HPV infections. Both cell-mediated and antibody responses have been implicated in influencing the susceptibility, persistence or clearance of genital HPV infection. There have been two clinical trials that show that vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) made from the major capsid protein, L1, are able to type specifically protect against cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and infection. However, there is no evidence that even a mixed VLP vaccine will protect against types not included in the vaccine, and a major challenge that remains is how to engineer protection across a broader spectrum of viruses. Strategies for production of HPV vaccines using different vaccine vectors and different production systems are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Heim K, Widschwendter A, Szedenik H, Geier A, Christensen ND, Bergant A, Concin N, Höpfl R. Specific serologic response to genital human papillomavirus types in patients with vulvar precancerous and cancerous lesions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:1073-83. [PMID: 15846183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibodies to human papillomavirus are indicative for previous human papillomavirus exposure. Human papillomavirus antibody reactivities to vulvar precancerous lesions were reported poorly, and the role of human papillomavirus in some of these lesions is still unclear. STUDY DESIGN In a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum samples from 126 healthy control subjects, 97 women with lichen sclerosus with or without squamous hyperplasia, 78 women with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and 16 women with verrucous carcinoma were examined for immunoglobulin G and A antibodies to L1 virus-like particles of genital human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31, cutaneous human papillomavirus type 8, bovine papilloma virus, and cottontail rabbit papilloma virus. RESULTS In lichen sclerosus/squamous hyperplasia with atypia immunoglobulin G and A, antibody positivity rates to high-risk human papillomavirus virus-like particle types 16, 18, and 31 were significantly higher than in the control group and the lichen sclerosus/squamous hyperplasia group without atypia. In patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia I, increased immunoglobulin G antibody prevalences with both high-risk and low-risk human papillomavirus-virus-like particles were detected; whereas in patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia II/III, this was observed only with the human papillomavirus types 16, 18, and 31. When only reactivities with 2 genital human papillomavirus types were compared, percentages of positives to only 1 of these 2 types ranged between 43% and 82%, with regard to all respective positives. CONCLUSION Our data support the role of high-risk human papillomavirus types, mainly human papillomavirus-16, in the pathogenesis of different vulvar lesions with atypia. Serologically, there are no indications that lichen sclerosus/squamous hyperplasia without atypia is associated with human papillomavirus, but high-risk human papillomavirus in lichen sclerosus/squamous hyperplasia with atypia could play a role in carcinogenesis. High antibody specificity was clearly demonstrated among 5 genital, 1 cutaneous human, and 2 animal papillomavirus types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Heim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A - 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Onda T, Carter JJ, Koutsky LA, Hughes JP, Lee SK, Kuypers J, Kiviat N, Galloway DA. Characterization of IgA response among women with incident HPV 16 infection. Virology 2003; 312:213-21. [PMID: 12890634 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have characterized the prevalence and duration of serum IgG antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) in a well-studied cohort of college women, using viruslike particle- (VLP) based ELISAs. In this study IgA antibodies in cervical secretions and sera were examined using a newly developed capsomer-based ELISA and the patterns observed for serum IgG, serum IgA, and cervical IgA antibodies were compared. The median time to antibody detection from the first detection of HPV 16 DNA was 10.5 months for IgA in cervical secretions and 19.1 months for serum IgA. Serum IgA antibody conversion was observed less frequently and occurred later than IgA conversion in cervical secretions (P = 0.011) or serum IgG conversion (P = 0.051). The median time to antibody reversion, following seroconversion, was 12.0 months for IgA in cervical secretions and 13.6 months for serum IgA, whereas approximately 20% of women with serum IgG antibodies reverted within 36 months. Thus, the duration of IgA in cervical secretions and sera was shorter than the duration of serum IgG (P = 0.007 and 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Onda
- Program in Cancer Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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16
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Cameron JE, Snowhite IV, Chaturvedi AK, Hagensee ME. Human papillomavirus-specific antibody status in oral fluids modestly reflects serum status in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 10:431-8. [PMID: 12738644 PMCID: PMC154956 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.10.3.431-438.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Serological assays are valuable tools for studies of the epidemiology of human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The efficacy of a less invasive oral-fluid assay for detection of HPV antibodies was examined. Matched serum, saliva, and oral mucosal transudate (OMT) specimens collected from 150 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against HPV-6 and HPV-11 combined (HPV-6/11) and HPV-16 capsids. Antibodies to HPV were detected in both types of oral specimens. Seroprevalence rates were 55% for HPV-6/11 and 37% for HPV-16, whereas oral prevalence rates were significantly lower (for HPV-6/11 in saliva, 31%, and in OMT, 19%; for HPV-16 in saliva, 19%, and in OMT, 17%). HPV antibody detection in OMT more accurately reflected the presence of antibodies in serum than did HPV antibody detection in saliva. More stringent saliva assay cutpoints yielded stronger associations between oropositivity and seropositivity; less stringent OMT cutpoints yielded stronger associations between oropositivity and seropositivity. Although HPV antibodies were detected in oral fluids, further optimization of the assay is necessary before oral-fluid testing can be implemented as a reliable alternative to serum testing for HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Cameron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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17
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Höpfl R, Petter A, Thaler P, Sarcletti M, Widschwendter A, Zangerle R. High prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus-capsid antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive men: a serological study. BMC Infect Dis 2003; 3:6. [PMID: 12723991 PMCID: PMC156631 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2002] [Accepted: 04/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological study of human papillomavirus (HPV)-antibodies in order to estimate the HPV-prevalence as risk factor for the development of HPV-associated malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men. METHODS Sera from 168 HIV-positive men and 330 HIV-negative individuals (including 198 controls) were tested using a direct HPV-ELISA specific to HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -31 and bovine PV-1 L1-virus-like particles. Serological results were correlated with the presence of HPV-associated lesions, the history of other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and HIV classification groups. RESULTS In HIV-negative men low risk HPV-antibodies were prevailing and associated with condylomatous warts (25.4%). Strikingly, HIV-positive men were more likely to have antibodies to the high-risk HPV types -16, -18, -31, and low risk antibodies were not increased in a comparable range. Even those HIV-positive heterosexual individuals without any HPV-associated lesions exhibited preferentially antibody responses to the oncogenic HPV-types (cumulative 31.1%). The highest antibody detection rate (88,8%) was observed within the subgroup of nine HIV-positive homosexual men with anogenital warts. Three HIV-positive patients had HPV-associated carcinomas, in all of them HPV-16 antibodies were detected. Drug use and mean CD4-cell counts on the day of serologic testing had no influence on HPV-IgG antibody prevalence, as had prior antiretroviral therapy or clinical category of HIV-disease. CONCLUSION High risk HPV-antibodies in HIV-infected and homosexual men suggest a continuous exposure to HPV-proteins throughout the course of their HIV infection, reflecting the known increased risk for anogenital malignancies in these populations. The extensive increase of high risk antibodies (compared to low risk antibodies) in HIV-positive patients cannot be explained by differences in exposure history alone, but suggests defects of the immunological control of oncogenic HPV-types. HPV-serology is economic and can detect past or present HPV-infection, independently of an anatomical region. Therefore HPV-serology could help to better understand the natural history of anogenital HPV-infection in HIV-positive men in the era of antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Höpfl
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinic Innsbruck, Innsbruck (A-6020), Austria
| | - Anton Petter
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinic Innsbruck, Innsbruck (A-6020), Austria
| | - Petra Thaler
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinic Innsbruck, Innsbruck (A-6020), Austria
| | - Mario Sarcletti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinic Innsbruck, Innsbruck (A-6020), Austria
| | - Andreas Widschwendter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic Innsbruck, Innsbruck (A-6020), Austria
| | - Robert Zangerle
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinic Innsbruck, Innsbruck (A-6020), Austria
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18
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Williams OM, Hart KW, Wang ECY, Gelder CM. Analysis of CD4(+) T-cell responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 L1 in healthy adults reveals a high degree of responsiveness and cross-reactivity with other HPV types. J Virol 2002; 76:7418-29. [PMID: 12097554 PMCID: PMC136402 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.15.7418-7429.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) infection causes genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. While there is compelling evidence that CD4(+) T cells play an important role in immune surveillance of HPV-associated diseases, little is known about human CD4(+) T-cell recognition of HPV-11. We have investigated the CD4(+) T-cell responses of 25 unrelated healthy donors to HPV-11 L1 virus-like particles (VLP). CD4(+) T-cell lines from 21 of 25 donors were established. Cell sorting experiments carried out on cells from six donors demonstrated that the response was located in the CD45RA(low) CD45RO(high) memory T-cell population. To determine the peptide specificity of these responses, epitope selection was analyzed by using 95 15-mer peptides spanning the entire HPV-11 L1 protein. No single region of L1 was immunodominant; responders recognized between 1 and 10 peptides, located throughout the protein, and peptide responses fell into clear HLA class II restricted patterns. Panels of L1 peptides specific for skin and genital HPV were used to show that the L1 CD4(+) T-cell responses were cross-reactive. The degree of cross-reactivity was inversely related to the degree of L1 sequence diversity between these viruses. Finally, responses to HPV-11 L1 peptides were elicited from ex vivo CD45RO(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells, demonstrating that recognition of HPV-11 was a specific memory response and not due to in vitro selection during tissue culture. This is the first study of CD4(+) T-cell responses to HPV-11 in healthy subjects and demonstrates marked cross-reactivity with other skin and genital HPV types. This cross-reactivity may be of significance for vaccine strategies against HPV-associated clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Martin Williams
- Infection and Immunity, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XX, Wales, United Kingdom
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19
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Studentsov YY, Schiffman M, Strickler HD, Ho GYF, Pang YYS, Schiller J, Herrero R, Burk RD. Enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to virus-like particles of human papillomavirus. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1755-60. [PMID: 11980956 PMCID: PMC130949 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.5.1755-1760.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) is complicated by many factors. Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that use virus-like particles (VLPs) have proved useful, the assays have, in general, had moderate sensitivities and low signal-to-noise ratios. To enhance the performance of the assay, a systematic investigation was undertaken to examine key variables used in ELISAs for the detection of antibodies to VLPs of HPV. Incorporation of two vinyl polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight, 50,000) (PVA-50) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight, 360,000) (PVP-360), was found to increase the sensitivity as well as the specificity of the assay for the detection of antibodies to VLPs of HPV. In particular, the addition of PVA-50 to the blocking solution reduced the amount of nonspecific binding of antibodies to VLPs and the microplate surface, whereas the addition of PVP-360 increased the sensitivity of antibody detection. The new ELISA demonstrated increased sensitivity and specificity for the detection of cervical HPV type 16 infection compared to those of a prototype assay with coded clinical serum samples from women with known cervicovaginal HPV infection status. It is anticipated that the enhanced ELISA conditions will have wide application to a large number of clinical diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy Y Studentsov
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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20
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Heim K, Widschwendter A, Pirschner G, Wieland U, Awerkiew S, Christensen ND, Bergant A, Marth C, Höpfl R. Antibodies to human papillomavirus 16 L1 virus-like particles as an independent prognostic marker in cervical cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186:705-11. [PMID: 11967495 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2002.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types such as HPV-16 is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. HPV-16 capsid antibodies are detectable in approximately 50% of patients with HPV-16 DNA-positive cervical cancer. We investigated the prognostic significance of HPV capsid antibodies for survival in patients with cervical cancer in comparison with conventional clinicopathologic features such as staging, histologic grading, histology, age, and treatment modality. STUDY DESIGN Serum samples from 68 patients with cervical cancer and 65 healthy female control subjects were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HPV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to baculovirus expressed HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and HPV-18 L1 virus-like particles (VLPs). RESULTS HPV-16 L1 IgG antibodies were detectable in 6 of 65 (9%) of the control subjects and in 19 of 68 (28%) of the patients with cervical cancer (P =.007). In the subgroup of patients with HPV-16 DNA-positive cervical cancer (comprising 50% of the investigated samples), HPV-16 L1 antibodies were detected in 40%. HPV-16 L1 seropositivity was in univariate and multivariate analysis in addition to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, the only independent positive prognostic factor for overall survival (P =.01). CONCLUSION Antibodies to HPV-16 L1 were found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with cervical cancer. Thus, HPV-16 infection may be involved not only in oncogenesis but also in tumor development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Heim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Christensen ND, Cladel NM, Reed CA, Budgeon LR, Embers ME, Skulsky DM, McClements WL, Ludmerer SW, Jansen KU. Hybrid papillomavirus L1 molecules assemble into virus-like particles that reconstitute conformational epitopes and induce neutralizing antibodies to distinct HPV types. Virology 2001; 291:324-34. [PMID: 11878901 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) hybrid virus-like particles (VLPs) were prepared using complementary regions of the major capsid L1 proteins of HPV-11 and -16. These hybrid L1 proteins were tested for assembly into VLPs, for presentation and mapping of conformational neutralizing epitopes, and as immunogens in rabbits and mice. Two small noncontiguous hypervariable regions of HPV-16 L1, when replaced into the HPV-11 L1 backbone, produced an assembly-positive hybrid L1 which was recognized by the type-specific, conformationally dependent HPV-16 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (N-MAb) H16.V5. Several new N-MAbs that were generated following immunization of mice with wild-type HPV-16 L1 VLPs also recognized this reconstructed VLP, demonstrating that these two hypervariable regions collectively constituted an immunodominant epitope. When a set of hybrid VLPs was tested as immunogens in rabbits, antibodies to both HPV-11 and -16 wild-type L1 VLPs were obtained. One of the hybrid VLPs containing hypervariable FG and HI loops of HPV-16 L1 replaced into an HPV-11 L1 background provoked neutralizing activity against both HPV-11 and HPV-16. In addition, conformationally dependent and type-specific MAbs to both HPV-11 and HPV-16 L1 VLP were obtained from mice immunized with hybrid L1 VLPs. These data indicated that hybrid L1 proteins can be constructed that retain VLP-assembly properties, retain type-specific conformational neutralizing epitopes, can map noncontiguous regions of L1 which constitute type-specific conformational neutralizing epitopes recognized by N-MAbs, and trigger polyclonal antibodies which can neutralize antigenically unrelated HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Institute, Pathology Department, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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22
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Savoca S, Nardo LG, Rosano TF, D'Agosta S, Nardo F. CO 2
laser vaporization as primary therapy for human papillomavirus lesions. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.801208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Weber F, Fuchs PG, Pfister HJ, Hintner H, Fritsch P, Hoepfl R. Human papillomavirus infection in Netherton's syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144:1044-9. [PMID: 11359395 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netherton's syndrome (NS) is a hereditary disorder with dermatological signs (e.g. ichthyosis) and a complex immunological dysfunction. In immunodeficient individuals human papillomavirus (HPV) types are associated with carcinomas on non-mucosal sites. OBJECTIVES To study the presence of HPV infection in different skin lesions of three male NS patients and to investigate a possible association between HPV and malignancies in NS. METHODS Patient 1 had extraordinary widespread multiple skin carcinomas on sunlight-exposed areas, as well as common viral warts. Patient 2 showed disseminated viral plane warts that resolved spontaneously, and patient 3 was free of skin lesions suspicious for HPV infection; only pseudoepitheliomatous wart-like lesions as a symptom of ichthyosis were apparent. We performed nested polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA from benign and malignant skin lesions and HPV-8 serology in these three patients. RESULTS Antibodies to HPV-8 were not detectable in our patients; however, seven of 22 (31%) biopsies of the three NS patients were positive for HPV DNA. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) -associated HPV types and normal cutaneous types (HPV-2, HPV-28) were detected. Interestingly, only the patient with cutaneous carcinomas harboured, preferentially in malignant lesions, EV-HPV types (HPV-19, 23, 38 and HPV-RTRX9, closely related to EV-HPVs), whereas plane warts of patient 2 were positive for HPV-28. The pseudoepitheliomatous skin lesions were HPV-DNA negative in all investigated probes. CONCLUSIONS These data in NS patients further confirm an association of EV-HPVs with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and suggest a possible carcinogenic role similar to that assumed for NMSC in transplant recipients. A complex immunological disorder facilitating EV-HPV infection, negative HPV serology and photochemotherapy may all have contributed to the unusual occurrence of multiple cancers in one of our NS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Weber
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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24
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Ghim S, Newsome J, Bell J, Sundberg JP, Schlegel R, Jenson AB. Spontaneously regressing oral papillomas induce systemic antibodies that neutralize canine oral papillomavirus. Exp Mol Pathol 2000; 68:147-51. [PMID: 10816383 DOI: 10.1006/exmp.1999.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) infection of naive beagle dogs causes oral papillomas, most of which spontaneously regress. Regressor beagles do not develop new oral papillomas because of COPV type-specific, cell-mediated immunity, COPV neutralizing antibodies, or both. Formalin-fixed native and recombinant COPV vaccines that target the systemic immune system induce neutralizing antibodies that prevent development of oral papillomas. This study was designed to determine whether spontaneously regressing mucosal papillomas also targeted the systemic immune system to induce circulating, neutralizing IgG antibodies that protect against infection by COPV. To accomplish this goal, IgG was fractionated from sera collected from weanling beagles and regressor beagles and tested for conferring protection by passive immunization. Serum was tested by ELISA for antibodies against intact virions and then pooled for passive transfer to naive beagles. Preimmune sera were neither reactive by ELISA nor protective by passive transfer. On the other hand, IgG antibodies from regressor beagles were reactive by ELISA and passive transfer conferred protection against COPV challenge. Circulating IgG antibodies induced by spontaneous regression of canine oral papillomas protect beagles against intraoral infection by COPV, a model for mucosotropic HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghim
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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25
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Marais DJ, Rose RC, Lane C, Kay P, Nevin J, Denny L, Soeters R, Dehaeck CM, Williamson AL. Seroresponses to human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 virus-like particles in South African women with cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Med Virol 2000; 60:403-10. [PMID: 10686023 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(200004)60:4<403::aid-jmv7>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 in woman in Cape Town with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (n = 95), cervical cancer (n = 40), female blood donors (n = 95) and children (n = 110). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) made use of baculovirus synthesised HPV virus like particles (VLPs) as antigen. Antibodies to at least one HPV type were detected in sera from 75% of cancer patients, 71.6% of CIN patients, 44.2% of blood donors and 27.3% of children. Sera from 95 women with CIN were compared with age-matched female blood donors. There was a significant association of seropositivity to VLP-16 (P = 0.006) and VLP-45 (P = 0.008) with CIN compared with the blood donors. There was also a significant difference in the seropositivity of women with CIN to any of the five virus-like particle (VLP) types compared to the blood donors (P = 0.0002: OR = 3.2). Thirty-nine of sixty-nine (56.5%) women with CIN were found to be HPV-16 DNA positive. The average age of women in this group that were VLP-16 seropositive was 34 years and those found to be VLP-16 seronegative was 52 years of age. Antibodies to all five VLP types were detected in these populations, thus an ideal vaccine should induce protection from infection by a wide range of HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Marais
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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26
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Petter A, Heim K, Guger M, Ciresa-Kö Nig A, Christensen N, Sarcletti M, Wieland U, Pfister H, Zangerle R, Höpfl R. Specific serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies to human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31 virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women. J Gen Virol 2000; 81:701-8. [PMID: 10675407 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-3-701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the humoral immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV) in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), serum samples of 83 HIV-positive individuals were analysed by ELISA for specific antibodies of the isotypes IgG, IgA and IgM recognizing HPV-6, -11, -16, -18 and -31 L1 virus-like particles (VLPs). Papillomavirus-related lesions were present in 30 of 83 HIV-positive women. Twenty-one women (25%) presented with high-/intermediate-grade anogenital squamous intraepithelial lesions. PCR analysis and sequencing for HPV typing was done from biopsy specimens of 18 women; PCR-positive results were obtained in 90% of cases. In addition, HPV DNA hybrid capture assays were performed from cervical swabs of 58 HIV-positive women, 53% of whom had a positive result for high-risk HPV. Overall, positive IgG reactivity to HPV-6/-11 and HPV-16/-18/-31 was seen in 19%/31% and 49%/30%/24% of HIV-positive women, respectively. HPV-seropositivity was even higher than in 48 HIV-negative cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cancer patients with percentages as follows: 8%/2% and 31%/15%/15%. This difference was significant for HPV-16 (P=0.046). IgA responses were comparable to IgG. IgM responses were low. The extraordinarily high rate of antibodies to the capsid protein L1 of high-risk HPVs (HPV-16, -18 and/or -31) in 58% of HIV-positive women compared to 19% (P=0.00001) of 102 healthy HIV-negative control women suggests a high lifetime cumulative exposure to HPV and increased expression of capsid proteins due to cellular immunodeficiency in HIV-infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petter
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic, Anichstrabetae 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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27
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Peng S, Qi Y, Christensen N, Hengst K, Kennedy L, Frazer IH, Tindle RW. Capture ElISA and in vitro cell binding assay for the detection of antibodies to human papillomavirus type 6b virus-like particles in patients with anogenital warts. Pathology 1999; 31:418-22. [PMID: 10643018 DOI: 10.1080/003130299104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particle (VLP)-specific antibody responses among anogenital warts patients, a VLP-based capture ELISA was established. Twenty-six percent (35/134) of control subjects and 50.0% (39/78) of patients with current anogenital warts showed IgG seropositivity to HPV 6b VLPs. HPV 6b VLP-specific antibody responses recognised native VLPs only, and had no cross-reaction with HPV type 16 VLPs. No differences in reactivity were observed between L1 and L1 + L2 VLPs, suggesting that L2 contributes little to the total immunogenicity of the papillomavirus virion. A VLP-cell binding assay was also established. Some sera from patients with anogenital warts specifically inhibited VLP binding to the surface of epithelial cells, suggesting that these antibodies might be functionally neutralising. These data show that serological responses to HPV 6b VLPs were induced among some but not all patients with anogenital warts, and give a proportional estimate of infection in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peng
- Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
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28
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29
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Cubie HA, Plumstead M, Zhang W, de Jesus O, Duncan LA, Stanley MA. Presence of antibodies to human papillomavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) in 11–13-year-old schoolgirls. J Med Virol 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199811)56:3<210::aid-jmv6>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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van Doornum G, Prins M, Andersson-Ellström A, Dillner J. Immunoglobulin A, G, and M responses to L1 and L2 capsids of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33 L1 after newly acquired infection. Sex Transm Infect 1998; 74:354-60. [PMID: 10195032 PMCID: PMC1758137 DOI: 10.1136/sti.74.5.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We performed a study to establish the pattern of serological reactivity for immunoglobulins (Ig), to capsids of human papilloma virus (HPV) after new HPV infection in two groups of subjects. METHODS The pattern of serological reactivity after acquisition of infection with HPV was investigated by measuring IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies to capsids containing L1 and L2 proteins of HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33 in longitudinal studies of groups with different patterns of sexual activity. Individuals who tested negative for HPV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction at enrolment, but who became HPV DNA positive during follow up, were examined for antibodies to HPV capsids by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. One group consisted of 15 young girls (with eight controls who remained HPV DNA negative) who were becoming sexually active and the other comprised 12 male (with five controls) and 35 female (with seven controls) heterosexual attenders of a sexually transmitted disease clinic who had had multiple sexual partners. RESULTS The sexually inexperienced girls showed IgA and IgG responses, but seldom an IgM response to infection with HPV types 6/11, 16, and 18. No consistent pattern of serological reactivity was apparent for the heterosexuals with multiple partners. The lack of association between current HPV DNA positivity and detectable antibodies in these individuals was possibly related to the duration of infection or to prior exposure to HPV. For the latter group serological reactivity to HPV capsids was significantly greater in women than in men (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, and p = 0.024, for IgG to HPV 6, 11, and 16, respectively). CONCLUSION The sex difference in antibody response detected in previous studies with assays based on peptide antigens was thus corroborated in the present study with capsid based serological assays. This sex difference might reflect a difference in sexual activity and prior exposure to HPV between men and women in this particular group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G van Doornum
- Division of Public Health and Environment, Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Stark S, Petridis AK, Ghim SJ, Jenson AB, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Gross G, Stockfleth E, Fuchs PG, Pfister H. Prevalence of antibodies against virus-like particles of Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated HPV8 in patients at risk of skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 111:696-701. [PMID: 9764856 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for widespread occurrences of infection with Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-related human papillomaviruses, both in the general population and in immunosuppressed patients. In order to test for the prevalence of antibodies directed against the native L1 epitopes exposed on the surface of the virions, we have established an IgG-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with L1 virus-like particles of the Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-specific human papillomavirus 8 as antigen to screen 567 representative serum samples from the general population and immunosuppressed/dermatologic patients. Among healthy European donors (n = 210), 7.6% were found to be seropositive. In a group of renal transplant recipients (n = 185) the antibody prevalence was elevated to 21.1%, irrespective of the presence or absence of skin cancer. High positivity rates could be detected among (i) immunocompetent patients with nonmelanoma skin tumors (45.6%, n = 79) and (ii) Psoralene/UVA treated psoriasis patients (42.9%, n = 42). In contrast, anti-human papillomavirus 8-virus-like particle antibodies were found in only 6.8% of Hodgkin lymphoma patients (n = 44).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stark
- Institute for Virology, Cologne Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
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Hong K, Greer CE, Ketter N, Van Nest G, Paliard X. Isolation and characterization of human papillomavirus type 6-specific T cells infiltrating genital warts. J Virol 1997; 71:6427-32. [PMID: 9261360 PMCID: PMC191916 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.9.6427-6432.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of T cells in the control of human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) infections is an appealing premise, but their actual role has been sparsely investigated. Since HPV-6 infections are confined to the epithelium, such an investigation should focus on the T cells present at the site of infection (i.e., the warts). Therefore, we isolated wart-infiltrating lymphocytes (WIL) from patients with clinically diagnosed anogenital warts. These WIL were characterized by their phenotype and their specificity for E7 and L1 proteins of HPV-6. The phenotype of WIL varied drastically from patient to patient, as determined by their expression of CD4, CD8, T-cell receptor alpha/beta chain (TCR alpha beta), and TCR gamma delta. Despite this heterogeneity in phenotype, HPV-6 E7 and/or L1-specific WIL, as determined by lymphoproliferation, could be isolated from more than 75% of the patients studied. Among all L1 peptides recognized by WIL, peptides 311-330 and 411-430 were the most consistently detected, with seven of nine patients for whom L1 peptide reactivity was observed responding to at least one of them. Moreover, the HPV-6 epitopic peptides recognized by WIL differed to some extent from those recognized by peripheral T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hong
- Department of Virology and Vaccine Development, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608, USA
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Leiserowitz GS, Hall KS, Foster CA, Hitchcock ME, Christensen ND, Heim K, Smith LH. Detection of serologic neutralizing antibodies against HPV-11 in patients with condyloma acuminata and cervical dysplasia using an in vitro assay. Gynecol Oncol 1997; 66:295-9. [PMID: 9264579 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1997.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate if neutralizing antibodies against HPV-11 are detectable in the serum of patients with condyloma acuminata (CA) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using an in vitro infectivity assay for HPV-11. Purified HPV-11 virions were extracted from xenografted condyloma tissues implanted into athymic mice and used to infect cultured neonatal human foreskin keratinocytes (HFK) and an immortalized adult skin cell line (HaCaT). The presence of HPV-11-specific E1--E4 mRNA as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was indicative of early infection. Sera previously characterized for reactivity to HPV-11 and HPV-11 VLP (virus-like particles) by ELISA were tested for the ability to prevent HPV-11 in vitro infectivity. Neutralizing antibodies against HPV-11 were demonstrated when monoclonal antibodies or patient serum preincubated with HPV-11 virions prevented the infection of either of the two cell cultures, as shown by the absence of the E1--E4 mRNA transcript. Eleven (of 20) patients with CA were strongly ELISA reactive against HPV-11 virus-like particles. Five of these 11 patients also had detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies in their serum. It was also demonstrated that the neutralizing properties of the serum were titratable by endpoint dilution. None of 15 patients with CIN had detectable neutralizing antibodies against HPV-11. Neutralizing antibodies against HPV-11 can be detected in some patients with CA and the neutralizing effects of the patient sera can be titrated by endpoint dilution. The in vitro assay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against HPV-11 may have utility for investigating the natural history of HPV infection and resolution, as well as assessing the efficacy of any putative HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Leiserowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95818, USA
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Howett MK, Christensen ND, Kreider JW. Tissue xenografts as a model system for study of the pathogenesis of papillomaviruses. Clin Dermatol 1997; 15:229-36. [PMID: 9167907 DOI: 10.1016/s0738-081x(96)00166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Howett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- M Favre
- Unité des Papillomavirus, Unité INSERM 190, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Viscidi RP, Kotloff KL, Clayman B, Russ K, Shapiro S, Shah KV. Prevalence of antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 virus-like particles in relation to cervical HPV infection among college women. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1997; 4:122-6. [PMID: 9067643 PMCID: PMC170489 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.2.122-126.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) virus-like particle (VLP)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum antibody to capsid proteins in 376 sexually active college women who were also screened for the presence of genital HPVs by PCR and interviewed for demographic and behavioral risk factors for HPV infection. The seroprevalence was 46% in women with HPV-16 DNA in the genital tract. The corresponding values for women who harbored other HPV types or no HPV in the genital tract were 30 and 19%, respectively (HPV-16 group versus no-HPV group; odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 8.9). The antibody response was significantly higher among women with a high viral load than among those with a low viral load (median optical density value, 0.838 versus 0.137, P = 0.009). Comparable levels of seroreactivity were observed among women infected with HPV types distantly or closely related genetically to HPV-16. Seroreactivity was significantly associated with an age of 25 to 30 years (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.4), three or more lifetime sexual partners (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 10), and history of a sexually transmitted disease other than HPV (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.3). The percent seropositivity increased linearly with number of lifetime sexual partners until reaching a plateau at 35% for women with more than six partners (chi for linear trend, P < 0.001). The low sensitivity of HPV-16 VLP-based ELISA may limit the usefulness of the assay as a diagnostic test for HPV-16 infection. However, the assay appears to have adequate specificity and should be useful as an epidemiological marker of HPV-16 infection and sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Viscidi
- Eudowood Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Frazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Tindle RW. Immunomanipulative strategies for the control of human papillomavirus associated cervical disease. Immunol Res 1997; 16:387-400. [PMID: 9439762 DOI: 10.1007/bf02786401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three vaccine strategies that target human papillomavirus (HPV) are likely to be effective in the control of HPV-associated preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. 1. Immunotherapy for HPV-associated cervical cancer targeted at two nonstructural PV proteins expressed in cancer cells (E6 and E7). 2. Vaccines against existing HPV infection and early premalignant lesions targeted at early viral proteins expressed in suprabasal stem cells of infected anogenital epithelium. 3. Prophylactic vaccines to prevent HPV infection involving immunization with genetically engineered virus-like particles to elicit neutralizing antibody. Strategies 1 and 2 will need to evoke cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Tindle
- Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
Studies of the immunology of papillomavirus infection have come of age. Synthetic virus-like particles have been validated as vaccines for several animal papillomaviruses, and have been used to map the sero-epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and to define papillomavirus neutralizing antibodies. Induction of cell-mediated immunity to papillomavirus early proteins is poised to become a therapeutic approach to papillomavirus infection. Studies on the immune response to papillomavirus proteins in keratinocytes are shedding light on the immunological consequences of antigen presentation by epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Frazer
- Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane 4012, Australia.
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