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Rajput S, Falasca V, Bhadbhade M, Black DS, Kumar N. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 3,4-Diaryl-1,2-dihydro- and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines. Molecules 2024; 29:4273. [PMID: 39275120 PMCID: PMC11396787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroquinolines are key structures in a variety of natural products with diverse pharmacological utilities and other applications. A series of 3,4-diaryl-5,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines were synthesized in good yield by reacting 3-aryl-5,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4-ones with different Grignard reagents followed by the dehydration of the intermediate phenolic compounds. Subsequent reduction and deprotection were carried out to achieve the desired tetrahydroquinolone moiety. The lead compound 3c showed low micromolar inhibition of various cancer cell lines. Demethylation under different reaction conditions was also investigated to afford the corresponding monohydroxy analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Rajput
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Valerio Falasca
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David StC Black
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Jiang Y, Li Y. Nutrition Intervention and Microbiome Modulation in the Management of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:2644. [PMID: 39203781 PMCID: PMC11356826 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. The escalating incidence of BC underscores the necessity of multi-level treatment. BC is a complex and heterogeneous disease involving many genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Growing evidence suggests that nutrition intervention is an evolving effective prevention and treatment strategy for BC. In addition, the human microbiota, particularly the gut microbiota, is now widely recognized as a significant player contributing to health or disease status. It is also associated with the risk and development of BC. This review will focus on nutrition intervention in BC, including dietary patterns, bioactive compounds, and nutrients that affect BC prevention and therapeutic responses in both animal and human studies. Additionally, this paper examines the impacts of these nutrition interventions on modulating the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome, highlighting the microbiome-mediated mechanisms in BC. The combination treatment of nutrition factors and microbes is also discussed. Insights from this review paper emphasize the necessity of comprehensive BC management that focuses on the nutrition-microbiome axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
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3
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Xue W, Yuan X, Ji Z, Li H, Yao Y. Nutritional ingredients and prevention of chronic diseases by fermented koumiss: a comprehensive review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1270920. [PMID: 37927510 PMCID: PMC10620529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Koumiss, a traditional fermented dairy product made from fresh mare milk, is a sour beverage that contains an abundance of microbial communities, including lactic acid bacteria, yeast and others. Firstly, probiotics such as Lacticaseibacillus in koumiss can induce the secretion of immunoglobulin G in serum and interleukin-2 in the spleen while beneficial Saccharomyces can secrete antibacterial compounds such as citric acid and ascorbic acid for specific immunopotentiation. Additionally, more isoflavone in koumiss can regulate estrogen levels by binding to its receptors to prevent breast cancer directly. Bile salts can be converted into bile acids such as taurine or glycine by lactic acid bacteria to lower cholesterol levels in vivo. Butyric acid secretion would be increased to improve chronic gastrotis by regulating intestinal flora with lactic acid bacteria. Finally, SCFA and lCFA produced by Lacticaseibacillus inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms for diarrhea prevention. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying multiple physiological functions through utilizing microbial resources in koumiss represents promising avenues for ameliorating chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaojun Ji
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
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da Silva FC, Brandão DC, Ferreira EA, Siqueira RP, Ferreira HSV, Da Silva Filho AA, Araújo TG. Tailoring Potential Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Luminal Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1466. [PMID: 37895937 PMCID: PMC10610388 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide, mainly affecting the epithelial cells from the mammary glands. When it expresses the estrogen receptor (ER), the tumor is called luminal BC, which is eligible for endocrine therapy with hormone signaling blockade. Hormone therapy is essential for the survival of patients, but therapeutic resistance has been shown to be worrying, significantly compromising the prognosis. In this context, the need to explore new compounds emerges, especially compounds of plant origin, since they are biologically active and particularly promising. Natural products are being continuously screened for treating cancer due to their chemical diversity, reduced toxicity, lower side effects, and low price. This review summarizes natural compounds for the treatment of luminal BC, emphasizing the activities of these compounds in ER-positive cells. Moreover, their potential as an alternative to endocrine resistance is explored, opening new opportunities for the design of optimized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cardoso da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
| | - Douglas Cardoso Brandão
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
| | - Everton Allan Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.A.F.); (A.A.D.S.F.)
| | - Raoni Pais Siqueira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
| | - Helen Soares Valença Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
| | - Ademar Alves Da Silva Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.A.F.); (A.A.D.S.F.)
| | - Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia 38405-302, MG, Brazil
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5
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Fraser GE, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Orlich M, Mashchak A, Sirirat R, Knutsen S. Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer: those confounded milks. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1526-1537. [PMID: 32095830 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between soy, dairy intakes and breast cancer risk are inconsistent. No studies exist with large numbers of dairy consumers and soy consumers to assess mutual confounding. METHODS The study cohort contains 52 795 North American women, initially free of cancer, followed for 7.9 years (29.7% were Black). Dietary intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires and, for 1011 calibration study subjects, from six structured 24-h dietary recalls. Incident invasive breast cancers were detected mainly by matching with cancer registries. Analyses used multivariable proportional hazards regression. RESULTS The participants (mean age of 57.1 years) experienced 1057 new breast cancer cases during follow-up. No clear associations were found between soy products and breast cancer, independently of dairy. However, higher intakes of dairy calories and dairy milk were associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.40] and 1.50 (95% CI 1.22-1.84), respectively, comparing 90th to 10th percentiles of intakes. Full fat and reduced fat milks produced similar results. No important associations were noted with cheese and yogurt. Substituting median intakes of dairy milk users by those of soy milk consumers was associated with HR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55-0.85). Similar-sized associations were found among pre- and post-menopausal cases, with CIs also excluding the null in estrogen receptor (ER+, ER-), and progesterone receptor (PR+) cancers. Less biased calibrated measurement-error adjusted regressions demonstrated yet stronger, but less precise, HRs and CIs that still excluded the null. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of dairy milk were associated with greater risk of breast cancer, when adjusted for soy intake. Current guidelines for dairy milk consumption could be viewed with some caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael Orlich
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Rawiwan Sirirat
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Synnove Knutsen
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Macrì R, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Guarnieri L, Bombardelli E, Mollace V. Ferula L. Plant Extracts and Dose-Dependent Activity of Natural Sesquiterpene Ferutinin: From Antioxidant Potential to Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235768. [PMID: 33297504 PMCID: PMC7731292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The employment studies of natural extracts in the prevention and treatment of several diseases highlighted the role of different species of genus Ferula L., belonging to the Apiaceae family, dicotyledonous plants present in many temperate zones of our planet. Ferula communis L. is the main source of sesquiterpene ferutinin, a bioactive compound studied both in vitro and in vivo, because of different effects, such as phytoestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, but also antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, performed in a dose-dependent and cell-dependent way. The present review will focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the different activities of Ferutinin, starting from its antioxidant potential at low doses until its ionophoric property and the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction induced through administration of high doses, which represent the key point of its anticancer action. Furthermore, we will summarize the data acquired from some experimental studies on different cell types and on several diseases. The results obtained showed an important antioxidant and phytoestrogenic regulation with lack of typical side effects related to estrogenic therapy. The preferential cell death induction for tumor cell lines suggests that ferutinin may have anti-neoplastic properties, and may be used as an antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent in an estrogen dependent and independent manner. Nevertheless, more data are needed to clearly understand the effect of ferutinin in animals before using it as a phytoestrogen or anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.M.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (R.M. & V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.M.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (R.M. & V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Wang C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lee YK, Zhai Q, Chen W. Roles of intestinal bacteroides in human health and diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3518-3536. [PMID: 32757948 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1802695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides, an abundant genus in the intestines of mammals, has been recently considered as the next generation probiotics (NGP) candidate due to its potential role in promoting host health. However, the role of Bacteroides in the development of intestinal dysfunctions such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer should not be overlooked. In the present study, we focused on nine most widely occurred and abundant Bacteroides species and discussed their roles in host immunity, glucose and lipid metabolism and the prevention or induction of diseases. Besides, we also discussed the current methods used in the safety evaluation of Bacteroides species and key opinions about the concerns of these strains for the future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Research Institute, Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine, Wuxi, China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
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8
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Buja A, Pierbon M, Lago L, Grotto G, Baldo V. Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4731. [PMID: 32630215 PMCID: PMC7369836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Many studies have been published, but none have pooled the useful evidence available in the literature to produce guidelines and health policies promoting healthy eating styles to prevent breast cancer (BC). The present study aimed to summarize the evidence produced to date, taking a judicious, critical approach to the quality of the studies analyzed. Methods: An umbrella review method was adopted, which is a systematic review of second-level studies, meta-analyses and literature reviews. Results: In all, 48 studies were considered: 32 meta-analyses, 4 pooled analyses, 5 systematic reviews, and 7 qualitative reviews. A higher intake of total meat, or red or processed meats, or foods with a high glycemic index, or eggs would seem to be associated with a higher risk of BC. Some foods, such as vegetables, would seem instead to have an inverse association with BC risk. One meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between citrus fruit and mushroom consumption and BC. Some nutrients, such as calcium, folate, vitamin D, lignans and carotenoids, also seem to be inversely associated with BC risk. The evidence is still conflicting as concerns exposure to other dietary elements (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, dairy foods). Conclusion: Nutrition is one of the most modifiable aspects of people's lifestyles and dietary choices can affect health and the risk of cancer. Overall, adhering to a healthy eating style may be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Buja
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35127 Padova, Italy; (G.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Marco Pierbon
- Masters Course in Sciences for the Public Health and Prevention Professions, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35127 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Laura Lago
- Masters Course in Sciences for the Public Health and Prevention Professions, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35127 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Giulia Grotto
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35127 Padova, Italy; (G.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Baldo
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35127 Padova, Italy; (G.G.); (V.B.)
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9
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Martín-Ruiz A, Peña L, González-Gil A, Silvan G, Caceres S, Illera JC. Changes in steroid hormone profile and tumour progression after genistein treatment of canine inflammatory mammary cancer xenotransplanted mice. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:87-91. [PMID: 32311590 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones, such as genistein, have been proposed to have beneficial effects on health, including preventive or therapeutic actions in carcinogenesis. Their structural similarity to oestrogens allows them to bind at the cellular level with oestrogen receptors. Therefore, this study attempted to determine the antitumoural effects of genistein administered in a canine inflammatory mammary cancer xenograft model, in terms of tumour proliferation, appearance of metastases and steroid hormone regulation. Using histology and immunohistochemical analyses as well as the EIA technique for hormonal determinations, the antitumoural effects of genistein on an inflammatory mammary cancer xenograft model were assessed for 3 weeks. Mice treated with genistein showed higher Ki-67 levels than the control group. There were significantly more distant metastases in the genistein-treated xenografts versus the control group. Intratumoural and serum progesterone, androstenedione and oestrogen levels in treated mice were elevated, whereas intratumoural testosterone levels were decreased compared to the control group. These results revealed that genistein ingestion promotes tumour proliferation and elevates metastatic rates by increasing intratumoural and circulating oestrogen levels in a mammary cancer xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martín-Ruiz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Gil
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Silvan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Caceres
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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The developmental effects of isoflavone aglycone administration on early chick embryos. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 11:236-239. [PMID: 31736638 PMCID: PMC6853006 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans contain the isoflavone aglycone, an endocrine disrupter. To determine the effects of small amounts of isoflavones on developmental processes, we administered 6.25, 62.5, or 625 μg isoflavone per egg to early stage (stage 10) developing chick embryos via the yolk just beneath the embryo. Eggs were kept at 37±0.5 °C and >80% relative humidity, with one rotation per hour for 48 hrs. The embryos were observed under a stereomicroscope for morphological abnormalities and number of somites. Relative to control eggs, there were no significant differences in the average number of somites in eggs administered isoflavone aglycone. Isoflavone, however, had a dose associated effect on abnormal embryogenesis. Embryos treated with isoflavone aglycone showed developmental arrest not reaching somitegenesis, dysmorphology of the neural tube, and shortening of entire embryos.
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11
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Zhang J, Ren L, Yu M, Liu X, Ma W, Huang L, Li X, Ye X. S-equol inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells via regulating miR-10a-5p and PI3K/AKT pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108064. [PMID: 31390527 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
S-equol is the exclusive enantiomeric form of the soy isoflavone metabolite produced by human intestinal bacterial flora, which has strong anti-cancer activity. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-breast cancer mechanism of S-equol. We examined the effects of S-equol on proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Screening for microRNAs and predicting their target genes using the starBase and Targetscan website, respectively. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. The microRNA level were quantified by real-time PCR. The results showed that S-equol inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and promoted apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The expression of miR-10a-5p was significantly decreased in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines, and the expression of miR-10a-5p was negatively correlated with the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Luciferase reporter experiments demonstrated that miR-10a-5p directly targets PIK3CA 3'UTR to function. It was further found that S-equol exerts an anti-breast cancer effect by up-regulating miR-10a-5p and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our study revealed the mechanism of S-equol against breast cancer, and miR-10a-5p may be a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Min Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaojiang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenyu Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Tay KC, Tan LTH, Chan CK, Hong SL, Chan KG, Yap WH, Pusparajah P, Lee LH, Goh BH. Formononetin: A Review of Its Anticancer Potentials and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:820. [PMID: 31402861 PMCID: PMC6676344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a complex yet common disease, is caused by uncontrolled cell division and abnormal cell growth due to a variety of gene mutations. Seeking effective treatments for cancer is a major research focus, as the incidence of cancer is on the rise and drug resistance to existing anti-cancer drugs is major concern. Natural products have the potential to yield unique molecules and combinations of substances that may be effective against cancer with relatively low toxicity/better side effect profile compared to standard anticancer therapy. Drug discovery work with natural products has demonstrated that natural compounds display a wide range of biological activities correlating to anticancer effects. In this review, we discuss formononetin (C16H12O4), which originates mainly from red clovers and the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus. The compound comes from a class of 7-hydroisoflavones with a substitution of methoxy group at position 4. Formononetin elicits antitumorigenic properties in vitro and in vivo by modulating numerous signaling pathways to induce cell apoptosis (by intrinsic pathway involving Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins) and cell cycle arrest (by regulating mediators like cyclin A, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1), suppress cell proliferation [by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway], and inhibit cell invasion [by regulating growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 proteins]. Co-treatment with other chemotherapy drugs such as bortezomib, LY2940002, U0126, sunitinib, epirubicin, doxorubicin, temozolomide, and metformin enhances the anticancer potential of both formononetin and the respective drugs through synergistic effect. Compiling the evidence thus far highlights the potential of formononetin to be a promising candidate for chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ching Tay
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Sok Lai Hong
- Centre for Research Services, Institute of Research Management and Services, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group (MHTR), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Moorehead RA. Rodent Models Assessing Mammary Tumor Prevention by Soy or Soy Isoflavones. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E566. [PMID: 31357528 PMCID: PMC6722900 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While epidemiological studies performed in Asian countries generally show that high levels of dietary soy are associated with reduced breast cancer risk, studies in Western countries have typically failed to show this correlation. In an attempt to model the preventative actions of soy on mammary tumor development, rodent models have been employed. Thirty-four studies were identified that evaluated the impact of soy products or purified soy isoflavones on mammary tumor initiation (studies evaluating established mammary tumors or mammary tumor cell lines were not included) and these studies were separated into mammary tumors induced by chemical carcinogens or transgenic expression of oncogenes based on the timing of soy administration. Regardless of when soy-based diets or purified isoflavones were administered, no consistent protective effects were observed in either carcinogen-induced or oncogene-induced mammary tumors. While some studies demonstrated that soy or purified isoflavones could reduce mammary tumor incidence, other studies showed either no effect or tumor promoting effects of soy products or isoflavones. Most importantly, only five studies found a decrease in mammary tumor incidence and six studies observed a decrease in tumor multiplicity, two relevant measures of the tumor preventative effects of soy or isoflavones. The variable outcomes of the studies examined were not completely surprising given that few studies employed the same experimental design. Future studies should be carefully designed to more accurately emulate soy consumption observed in Asian cultures including lifetime exposure to less refined soy products and potentially the incorporation of multigenerational feeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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14
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Chen FP, Chien MH. Effects of phytoestrogens on the activity and growth of primary breast cancer cells ex vivo. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:1352-1362. [PMID: 31099163 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the ex vivo effects of phytoestrogens on primary human breast cancer cells. METHODS Breast cancer cells were obtained from patients who underwent primary breast cancer surgery, which were treated with 10-8 M 17β-estradiol (E2 ), one of three phytoestrogens (genistein, resveratrol and quercetin, 10-7 M), and a combination of E2 and one of the three phytoestrogens for 48 h. These cells were then extracted for viability and apoptosis assay. The proteins involved in the proliferative and apoptotic pathways were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Human breast cancer cell viability was inhibited by all phytoestrogens but induced by E2 with or without phytoestrogen. Apoptotic cells, as well as the proteins involved in apoptotic pathway and estrogen receptor (ER) β, were significantly increased in the cells treated with phytoestrogen alone. The use of E2 with or without a phytoestrogen revealed completely opposite results. The proteins involved in the proliferative pathway and ER α expression were all increased in the cultures with E2 with or without phytoestrogens. CONCLUSION In the presence of E2 , these phytoestrogens lose the effects of suppressing breast cancer cells; contrastingly, induce growth stimulatory effects by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating proliferation in primary breast cancer cells. Thus, the effects of phytoestrogens on breast cancer should be considered as E2 still present in breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Yue GGL, Wong LS, Leung HW, Gao S, Tsang JYS, Lin ZX, Tse GMK, Lau CBS. Evaluation of the safety profiles of estrogenic Chinese herbal medicines in breast cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:103-117. [PMID: 30668331 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of breast cancer patients in Asian countries has been found to consume dietary supplements including phytoestrogen-rich Chinese herbal medicines with an expectation to alleviate the side effects of conventional cancer therapies. PURPOSE The question of whether estrogenic Chinese herbal medicines are beneficial or detrimental to the health of breast cancer patients remains uncertain. STUDY DESIGN The present study aimed at establishing a systematic approach to look at the safety profiles of estrogenic Chinese herbal medicines (CHM). METHODS The effects of estrogenic CHM on the growth of human breast cancer cells as well as the progression of breast tumors in mice have been investigated. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that among 10 selected estrogenic CHM, the aqueous extracts of Cistanche deserticola (CD) and Dioscorea opposita (DO) at 0.4 to 1.6 mg/ml significantly stimulated cell viability in both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MDA-MB-361 and MCF-7) and ER-negative (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. However, results from animal studies showed that no significant difference was found on the size of mouse 4T1 breast tumors in CD- and DO-treated mice when compared with the control group, while the number of proliferative cells were found to be increased in DO-treated group. Besides, CD and DO treatments induced significant immunomodulatory effects on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice by increasing the production of cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ and modulation of regulatory T-cells. Furthermore, CD and DO treatments did not stimulate, but in fact suppressed human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast xenografts growth in immunodeficiency mice. CONCLUSION The considerable concerns on the use of CD and DO in breast cancer patients could be relieved to some extents upon the findings of this pre-clinical study. The potential harmful effects of estrogenic Chinese herbal medicines on breast cancer growth should be verified in both cell-based and tumor-bearing mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Lok-Sze Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi-Wing Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Si Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Yuen-Shan Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Gary Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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16
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ÇAKIR Ö, UÇARLI C, TARHAN Ç, PEKMEZ M, TURGUT-KARA N. Nutritional and health benefits of legumes and their distinctive genomic properties. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.42117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Peppone LJ, Inglis JE, Mustian KM, Heckler CE, Padula GDA, Mohile SG, Kamen CS, Culakova E, Lin PJ, Kerns SL, Cole S, Janelsins MC. Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Omega-6 Fatty Acids for the Control of Cancer-Related Fatigue Among Breast Cancer Survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz005. [PMID: 31119206 PMCID: PMC6512349 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common side effect of adjuvant therapy and becomes a chronic problem for approximately one-third of survivors. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3-PUFA) demonstrated preliminary antifatigue effects in previous research, but have not been investigated in fatigued cancer survivors. Methods Breast cancer survivors 4–36 months posttreatment with a CRF score of 4 or more of 10 using the symptom inventory (SI) were randomly assigned to O3-PUFA (fish oil, 6 g/d), omega-6 PUFA (O6-PUFA; soybean oil, 6 g/d), or a low-dose combination of O3-/O6-PUFA (3 g/d O3-PUFA and O6-PUFA) for 6 weeks. CRF was assessed by the SI (screening question), the Brief Fatigue Inventory, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Index. Protein and mRNA levels of inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, along with fatty acid and lipid levels, were assessed at baseline and week 6. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results A total of 108 breast cancer survivors consented; 97 subjects were randomly assigned and 81 completed the trial. The SI CRF score decreased by 2.51 points at week 6 with O6-PUFA and by 0.93 points with O3-PUFA, with statistically significant between-group difference (effect size = −0.86, P < .01). Similar changes were observed for the Brief Fatigue Inventory and Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Index but were not statistically significant. Stratified analyses showed the largest benefit was observed in those with severe baseline CRF (≥7). Compared with O3-PUFA, O6-PUFA supplementation statistically significantly decreased proinflammatory markers in the TNF-α signaling pathway. Conclusion Contrary to our original hypothesis, O6-PUFA statistically significantly reduced CRF compared with O3-PUFA. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Peppone
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY
| | - Julia E Inglis
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY
| | - Karen M Mustian
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY
| | - Charles E Heckler
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY
| | - Gilbert D A Padula
- Cancer Research Consortium of West Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI, URMC, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Charles S Kamen
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY
| | - Eva Culakova
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY
| | - Po-Ju Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, URMC, Rochester, NY
| | - Sharon Cole
- Dayton Clinical Oncology Program, Dayton, OH
| | - Michelle C Janelsins
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY
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18
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Luo G, Tang Z, Li X, Hou Q, Chen Y, Lao K, Xiang H. 3, 9-di-O-substituted coumestrols incorporating basic amine side chains act as novel apoptosis inducers with improved pharmacological selectivity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:140-151. [PMID: 30612080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is much interest in the use of phytoestrogens such as coumestrol in breast cancer intervention due to their antiestrogenic activity and multiple modes of tumor cell death. However, the clear beneficial effects of naturally occurring estrogen mimetic coumestrol remain controversial due to experimental evidence that it has been shown to stimulate MCF-7 cell proliferation via agonist effect on estrogen receptor at low concentration. Herein, to disconnect the ER interaction and apoptosis-specific mechanism of coumestrol, various 3, 9-di-O-substituted coumestrols (7a-7e) and their furan ring-opened analogs (5a-5e) were synthesized and assessed for antiproliferative properties. Attachment of a dimethylamine-containing side chain to 3-O of coumestrol led to the most promising compound 7e with improved antiproliferative activity (1.7-fold increase) against MCF-7 cells, decreased estrogen activity (>20 times weaker ERα binder) and a novel action to induce apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that 7e is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, which could arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and induce apoptosis along with the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. In summary, such subtle modifications to the 3, 9-di-hydroxyl groups of coumestrol allow the generation of a novel apoptosis inducer with distinct pharmacological properties, providing an excellent starting point to future development of novel tumor-vascular disrupting agents targeting tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengpu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiangqiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kejing Lao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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19
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Maria de Jesus Benevides C, Almeida Trindade B, Vieira Lopes M. Potentialities of legumes in the pharmaceutical industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Taha Z, Eltom SE. The Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Women with Breast Cancer: An Update Review of Related Research in the Middle East. Biores Open Access 2018; 7:73-80. [PMID: 29862141 PMCID: PMC5982158 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2018.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among Arab women in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). The incidence of breast cancer has substantially increased in recent years among this women population, especially those younger than 50, and the incidence is expected to double by 2030. Considerable experimental evidence supports the potential role of dietary habits and lifestyle in cancer etiology and cancer prevention. In this review we examined the literature for evidence to link dietary choices and the rise in incidence and mortality of breast cancer among women in EMR. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases up to December 2017. The search terms used are breast cancer prevalence, breast cancer incidence worldwide, breast cancer and: nutrition, protein intake, vitamin D intake, fat intake, phytoestrogens, EMR, Arab, Middle East, Gulf countries, the UAE Arab women, breast cancer risk, diet, and chemoprevention. We found evidence to suggest that there is an alarming epidemic of obesity among women in most of the EMR countries, especially Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The rise in the new breast cancer cases among women could be attributed to excess body weight. Their dietary pattern, which correlates with obesity, can be an important factor in the etiology of cancer. Although very few studies were found to support a direct causal relationship between obesity and breast cancer in the EMR, circumstantial evidence clearly points to the possible role of the epidemic, obesity, in this population and the startling rise in cases of breast cancer. Well-designed and systematic studies are urgently needed to confirm these associations and to elucidate potential mechanisms. More urgently, calls to action are needed in many sectors and at all levels of society, to establish intensive strategies for reducing obesity and promoting an overall healthy diet. Continued and expanded research on diet, lifestyle, and breast cancer risk is urgently needed to build the foundation for future progress in evidence-based public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Taha
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee.,Center for Women's Health Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Li HJ, Wu NL, Lee GA, Hung CF. The Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanism of Isoflavone Extract against Psoriasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6335. [PMID: 29679037 PMCID: PMC5910427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease. It affects 1-3% of the population worldwide and is associated with increasing medical costs every year. Typical psoriatic skin lesions are reddish, thick, scaly plaques that can occur on multiple skin sites all over the body. Topical application of imiquimod (IMQ), a toll-like receptor (TLR)7 agonist and potent immune system activator, can induce and exacerbate psoriasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that isoflavone extract has an antioxidant effect which may help decrease inflammation and inflammatory pain. Through in vivo studies in mice, we found that the topical application to the shaved back and right ear of mice of isoflavone extract prior to IMQ treatment significantly decreased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, blood flow speed, and ear thickness, while it increased surface skin hydration, and attenuated epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Through in vitro experiments, we found that isoflavone extract can reduce IL-22, IL-17A, and TNF-α-induced MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT activation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. At the mRNA level, we determined that isoflavone extract attenuated the increased response of the TNF-α-, IL-17A-, and IL-22- related pathways. These results indicate that isoflavone extract has great potential as an anti-psoriatic agent and in the treatment of other inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
| | - Gon-Ann Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Sak K. Intake of Individual Flavonoids and Risk of Carcinogenesis: Overview of Epidemiological Evidence. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1119-1150. [PMID: 29083244 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological findings have demonstrated that specific flavonoids can be responsible for reduction of the risk of certain cancer types. However, these results are still rather limited, inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, in this comprehensive review article the findings reported to date about the associations between dietary intake of individual flavonoid compounds and cancer incidence are compiled and analyzed. Also, the possible reasons for inconsistencies are brought forth and discussed. As diet is a potentially modifiable factor in our behavioral choices, further large-scale prospective studies with longer follow-up times, different populations, various doses and exposure timing as well as diverse well-controlled confounders are highly needed to confirm or disprove the current epidemiological knowledge about the role of flavonoids on cancer risk. Regarding the promising data to date, more research on bioavailability, metabolism and biological action mechanisms of these plant secondary metabolites is also encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- a NGO Praeventio , Näituse 22-3, Tartu , Estonia
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Sak K. Epidemiological Evidences on Dietary Flavonoids and Breast Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2309-2328. [PMID: 28950673 PMCID: PMC5720631 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.9.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on associations between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are highly needed to assess the actual effects of flavonoids in humans. Experimental investigations in vitro conditions cannot detect and model the real action of these phytochemicals due to the limitations to consider absorption and metabolic biotransformation as well as several complex interactions. Therefore, the data about association findings between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are compiled and analyzed in the current review by evaluating both the results obtained using food composition databases as well as different biomarkers. Although several case-control studies demonstrate some reduction in breast cancer risk related to high consumption of flavones and flavonols, large-scale prospective cohort studies with follow-up times of many years do not confirm these findings. Intake of isoflavones can be associated with a decrease in breast tumorigenesis only in Asian countries where the consumption of soy foods is high but not among Western women with significantly lower ingestion amounts, suggesting the presence of so-called threshold level of effect. Besides doses, the timing of exposure to isoflavones seems also to be a significant factor as childhood and prepubertal age can be critical periods. Although women may need to consume high amounts of isoflavones typical to Asian diets to gain beneficial effects and protection against mammary carcinogenesis, it is still too early to give any specific recommendations to prevent breast tumors by diet rich in certain flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- NGO Praeventio, Näituse 22-3, Tartu 50407, Estonia.
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24
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Amaral C, Toloi MRT, Vasconcelos LD, Fonseca MJV, Correia-da-Silva G, Teixeira N. The role of soybean extracts and isoflavones in hormone-dependent breast cancer: aromatase activity and biological effects. Food Funct 2017; 8:3064-3074. [PMID: 28644496 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Nowadays, the relationship between soya diet and breast cancer is controversial due to the unknown role of its isoflavones, genistein (G) and daidzein (D). In this work, we investigated not only the anti-tumor properties of a soybean extract (NBSE) but also whether the biotransformation of extract (BSE) by the fungus Aspergillus awamori increased its effectiveness. The BSE showed a stronger anti-aromatase activity and anti-proliferative efficacy in ER+ aromatase-overexpressing breast cancer cells. D and G were weak aromatase inhibitors, but inhibited cancer cell growth, being G the isoflavone that contributed to the BSE-induced effects. This work demonstrated that the biotransformation increased the anti-aromatase activity and the anti-tumoral efficacy of soybean extract in breast cancer cells. Moreover, it elucidated the potential use of soya in the prevention and/or treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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25
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Robust optimization for the simultaneous enhancement of nitric oxide inhibition and reduction of hepatotoxicity from green tea catechins. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1725-1734. [PMID: 30263711 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide a platform for evaluating significant interactions contributing to the enhanced physiological efficacy and reduced hepatotoxicity, we used a robust design to determine the optimal combination of six major green tea catechins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epicatechin (EC), gallocatechin, and catechin. Based on the mixture design, 28 experiments were performed to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells and hepatotoxicity in Chang liver cells. Significant candidates, EGCG, EC, gallocatechin and catechin, were selected after optimization. The combination showing simultaneous enhancement of NO inhibition and reduction of hepatotoxicity was EGCG and gallocatechin at a ratio of 0.65 to 0.35 by surface response methodology and desirability function, through which their co-treatment was validated. Here, we describe a platform for simultaneously determining the optimized combination of natural components exerting enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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26
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Zhang FF, Haslam DE, Terry MB, Knight JA, Andrulis IL, Daly MB, Buys SS, John EM. Dietary isoflavone intake and all-cause mortality in breast cancer survivors: The Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer 2017; 123:2070-2079. [PMID: 28263368 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy foods possess both antiestrogenic and estrogen-like properties. It remains controversial whether women diagnosed with breast cancer should be advised to eat more or less soy foods, especially for those who receive hormone therapies as part of cancer treatment. METHODS The association of dietary intake of isoflavone, the major phytoestrogen in soy, with all-cause mortality was examined in 6235 women with breast cancer enrolled in the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire developed for the Hawaii-Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort among 5178 women who reported prediagnosis diet and 1664 women who reported postdiagnosis diet. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 113 months (approximately 9.4 years), 1224 deaths were documented. A 21% decrease was observed in all-cause mortality for women who had the highest versus lowest quartile of dietary isoflavone intake (≥1.5 vs < 0.3 mg daily: HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.64-0.97; Ptrend = .01). Lower mortality associated with higher intake was limited to women who had tumors that were negative for hormone receptors (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.83; Ptrend = .005) and those who did not receive hormone therapy for their breast cancer (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.91; Ptrend = .02). Interactions, however, did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS In this large, ethnically diverse cohort of women with breast cancer living in North America, a higher dietary intake of isoflavone was associated with reduced all-cause mortality. Cancer 2017;123:2070-2079. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danielle E Haslam
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Julia A Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary B Daly
- Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.,Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Lima A, Oliveira J, Saúde F, Mota J, Ferreira RB. Proteins in Soy Might Have a Higher Role in Cancer Prevention than Previously Expected: Soybean Protein Fractions Are More Effective MMP-9 Inhibitors Than Non-Protein Fractions, Even in Cooked Seeds. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030201. [PMID: 28264435 PMCID: PMC5372864 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for anticancer MMP-9 inhibitors (MMPIs) in food products has become a major goal for research. MMPIs in soy have been related only to saponins and isoflavones, but recently, low specific protein fractions in soybeans were shown to reduce MMP-9 activity as well. The present work aimed at comparing the MMPI potential of protein fractions (P) and non-protein fractions (NP) isolated from soybean seeds, before and after soaking and cooking, mimicking dietary exposures. Reverse and substrate zymography, as well as a fluoregenic DQ gelatin assay were used to evaluate MMP-9 activities. Colon cancer cell migration and proliferation was also tested in HT29 cells. Regarding MMP-9 inhibition, proteins in soy presented IC50 values 100 times lower than non-protein extracts, and remained active after cooking, suggesting that proteins may be more effective MMP-9 inhibitors than non-protein compounds. Using the determined IC50 concentrations, NP fractions were able to induce higher inhibitions of HT29 cell migration and proliferation, but not through MMP-9 inhibition, whilst protein fractions were shown to specifically inhibit MMP-9 activity. Overall, our results show that protein fractions in soybeans might have a higher role in soy-related cancer prevention as MMPIs than previously expected. Being nontoxic and active at lower concentrations, the discovery of these heat-resistant specific MMPI proteins in soy can be of significant importance for cancer preventive diets, particularly considering the increasing use of soy proteins in food products and the controversy around isoflavones amongst consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lima
- Disease & Stress Biology Group, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Jennifer Oliveira
- Disease & Stress Biology Group, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Saúde
- Disease & Stress Biology Group, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joana Mota
- Disease & Stress Biology Group, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Boavida Ferreira
- Disease & Stress Biology Group, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
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28
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Yasuda MT, Sakakibara H, Shimoi K. Estrogen- and stress-induced DNA damage in breast cancer and chemoprevention with dietary flavonoid. Genes Environ 2017; 39:10. [PMID: 28163803 PMCID: PMC5286800 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed female cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Multiple factors are responsible for breast cancer and heritable factors have received much attention. DNA damage in breast cancer is induced by prolonged exposure to estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol, daily social/psychological stressors, and environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs). DNA damage induced by estrogen and stress is an important factor in the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer and is now recognized as a critical provision for chemoprevention of breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the relationships between estrogen- and stress-induced DNA damage with regard to the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer. We also discuss recent investigations into chemoprevention using dietary flavonoids such as quercetin and isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko T Yasuda
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakakibara
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Kayoko Shimoi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
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29
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Molecular and Therapeutic Targets of Genistein in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7028-7041. [PMID: 27796744 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating brain disorder characterized by an increased level of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide deposition and neuronal cell death leading to an impairment of learning and thinking skills. The Aβ deposition is a key factor in senile plaques of the AD brain which cause the elevation of intracellular calcium ions and the production of formidable free radicals, both of which greatly contribute to the AD-associated cascade, leading to unstoppable neuronal loss in the hippocampal region of the brain. Natural products are currently considered as an alternative strategy for the discovery of novel multipotent drugs against AD. They include the naturally occurring dietary soy isoflavone genistein which has been recognized to possess several health-promoting effects. Genistein has been mainly focused because of its potential on amelioration of Aβ-induced impairment and its antioxidant capacity to scavenge the free radicals produced in AD. It can also directly interact with the targeted signaling proteins and stabilize their activity to prevent AD. An improved understanding of the direct interactions between genistein and target proteins would contribute to the further development of AD treatment. This review mainly focuses on molecular targets and the therapeutic effects regulated by genistein, which has the ability to directly target the Aβ peptide and to control its activity involved in intracellular signaling pathways, which otherwise would lead to neuronal death in the hippocampal region of the AD brain.
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30
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Guo X, Cai Q, Bao P, Wu J, Wen W, Ye F, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Shu XO. Long-term soy consumption and tumor tissue MicroRNA and gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer 2016; 122:2544-51. [PMID: 27183356 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy food intake may have protective effects against the risk for breast cancer, including estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS To evaluate the association of soy intake with the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes in the tumor tissue of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; ie, breast cancer lacking expression of ER, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), the expression of 800 miRNAs and 302 genes were measured with NanoString nCounter assays in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 272 TNBC patients. Soy intake during the 1-year period before the cancer diagnosis was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The association of soy intake with the expression of miRNAs and genes was evaluated via linear regression analysis with adjustments for patient age and TNM stage. RESULTS A total of 14 miRNAs and 24 genes were significantly associated with soy food intake (P < .05): Thirteen of the 14 miRNAs (92.9%) and 9 of the 24 genes (37.5%), including tumor suppressors miR-29a-3p and IGF1R, showed overexpression for those women with high soy intake, whereas the remaining miRNAs and genes, including oncogenes KRAS and FGFR4, showed underexpression. Furthermore, cell growth-related genes showed a predominantly underexpression pattern according to a comparison of tumor samples from women with high soy food intake and samples from women with lower soy food intake. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that long-term prediagnosis soy intake may lead to increased expression of tumor suppressors and decreased expression of oncogenes, especially cell growth-related genes, in breast tumor tissues. Cancer 2016;122:2544-51. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pingping Bao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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31
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Baglia ML, Zheng W, Li H, Yang G, Gao J, Gao YT, Shu XO. The association of soy food consumption with the risk of subtype of breast cancers defined by hormone receptor and HER2 status. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:742-8. [PMID: 27038352 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Soy food intake has previously been associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence for subgroups of breast cancer, particularly by menopausal and hormone receptor status, is less consistent. To evaluate the role of hormone receptor and menopausal status on the association between soy food intake and breast cancer risk, we measured usual soy food intake in adolescence and adulthood via food frequency questionnaire in 70,578 Chinese women, aged 40-70 years, recruited to the Shanghai Women's Health Study (1996-2000). After a median follow-up of 13.2 years (range: 0.01-15.0), 1,034 incident breast cancer cases were identified. Using Cox models, we found that adult soy intake was inversely associated with breast cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR) for fifth versus first quintile soy protein intake = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.63-0.97]. The association was predominantly seen in premenopausal women (HR = 0.46; 95% CI:0.29-0.74). Analyses further stratified by hormone receptor status showed that adult soy intake was associated with significantly decreased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women (HR = 0.72; 95% CI:0.53-0.96) and decreased risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer in premenopausal women (HR = 0.46; 95% CI:0.22-0.97). The soy association did not vary by human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) status. Furthermore, we found that high soy intake during adulthood and adolescence was associated with reduced premenopausal breast cancer risk (HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32-0.88; comparing third vs. first tertile) while high adulthood soy intake was associated with postmenopausal breast cancer only when adolescent intake was low (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.91). Our study suggests that hormonal status, menopausal status and time window of exposure are important factors influencing the soy-breast cancer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Baglia
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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32
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Johnson KA, Vemuri S, Alsahafi S, Castillo R, Cheriyath V. Glycone-rich Soy Isoflavone Extracts Promote Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Cell Growth. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:622-33. [PMID: 27043076 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1154578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the association of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with breast cancer risk, estrogenically active soy isoflavones are considered as an HRT alternative to alleviate menopausal symptoms. However, several recent reports challenged the health benefits of soy isoflavones and associated them with breast cancer promotion. While glyconic isoflavones are the major constituents of soybean seeds, due to their low cell permeability, they are considered to be biologically inactive. The glyconic isoflavones may exert their effects on membrane-bound estrogen receptors or could be converted to aglycones by extracellular β-glucosidases. Therefore, we hypothesized that despite their low cell permeability, soybean cultivars with high glyconic isoflavones may promote breast cancer cell growth. To test this, composition and estrogenic activity of isoflavones from 54 commercial soybean cultivars were determined. Soybean seeds produced in identical climate and growth conditions were used to minimize the effects of extraneous factors on isoflavone profile and concentrations. The glyconic daidzin concentration negatively correlated with genistin and with other aglycones. Relative to control, isoflavone extracts from 51 cultivars were estrogenic and promoted the growth of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line MCF-7 from 1.14 to 4.59 folds and other three cultivars slightly reduced the growth. Among these, extracts from three cultivars were highly estrogenic and promoted MCF-7 cell growth by 2.59-4.64 folds (P<0.005). Among six isoflavones, daidzin was positively associated with MCF-7 cell growth (P<0.005, r = 0.13966), whereas the negative correlation between genistin and MCF-7 cell growth was nearly significant (P≤0.0562, r = -0.026141). Furthermore, in drug interaction studies daidzin-rich isoflavone extracts antagonized tamoxifen, an ER inhibitor. Taken together, our results suggest that the glyconic daidzin-rich soy isoflavone extracts may exert estrogenic effects and promote ER+ breast cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailee A Johnson
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Texas A&M University-Commerce , Commerce , Texas , USA
| | - Sravan Vemuri
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Texas A&M University-Commerce , Commerce , Texas , USA
| | - Sameerh Alsahafi
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Texas A&M University-Commerce , Commerce , Texas , USA
| | - Rudy Castillo
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Texas A&M University-Commerce , Commerce , Texas , USA
| | - Venugopalan Cheriyath
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Texas A&M University-Commerce , Commerce , Texas , USA
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33
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Adolescent Diet and Breast Cancer Risk. Curr Nutr Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-016-0155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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John ASP, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Oxidative Stress: A Promising Target for Chemoprevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:73-81. [PMID: 27088073 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and treating advanced stages of cancer remains clinically challenging. Epidemiological studies have shown that oxidants and free radicals induced DNA damage is one of the predominant causative factors for cancer pathogenesis. Hence, oxidants are attractive targets for chemoprevention as well as therapy. Dietary agents are known to exert an anti-oxidant property which is one of the most efficient preventive strategy in cancer progression. In this article, we highlight dietary agents can potentially target oxidative stress, in turn delaying, preventing, or treating cancer development. Some of these agents are currently in use in basic research, while some have been launched successfully into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
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35
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Mocanu MM, Nagy P, Szöllősi J. Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Dietary Polyphenols. Molecules 2015; 20:22578-620. [PMID: 26694341 PMCID: PMC6332464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The review will discuss in detail the effects of polyphenols on breast cancer, including both the advantages and disadvantages of the applications of these natural compounds. First, we focus on the characterization of the main classes of polyphenols and then on in vitro and in vivo experiments carried out in breast cancer models. Since the therapeutic effects of the administration of a single type of polyphenol might be limited because of the reduced bioavailability of these drugs, investigations on combination of several polyphenols or polyphenols with conventional therapy will also be discussed. In addition, we present recent data focusing on clinical trials with polyphenols and new approaches with nanoparticles in breast cancer. Besides the clinical and translational findings this review systematically summarizes our current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of polyphenols, which are related to apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, plasma membrane receptors, signaling pathways and epigenetic mechanisms. At the same time the effects of polyphenols on primary tumor, metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer are discussed. The increasing enthusiasm regarding the combination of polyphenols and conventional therapy in breast cancer might lead to additional efforts to motivate further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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36
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Santos MA, Florencio-Silva R, Teixeira CP, Sasso GRDS, Marinho DS, Simões RS, Simões MJ, Carbonel AF. Effects of early and late treatment with soy isoflavones in the mammary gland of ovariectomized rats. Climacteric 2015; 19:77-84. [PMID: 26606166 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1094783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soy isoflavones have been shown to be an alternative to hormone therapy at menopause, without causing side-effects such as breast cancer. However, the effects of early and late treatment with isoflavones on the mammary gland remain controversial. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of early and late treatment with soy isoflavones on the mammary gland of ovariectomized rats. METHODS Thirty 3-month-old rats were ovariectomized and divided equally into groups: Control, treated with vehicle solution; or with 150 mg/kg/body weight of isoflavones by gavage; or subcutaneously treated with 10 μg/kg/body weight with 17β-estradiol. Treatments started 3 days (early treatment) or 30 days (late treatment) after ovariectomy and lasted for 30 consecutive days. Thereafter, the animals were euthanized and the mammary glands were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometry or subjected to immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 and VEGF-A. RESULTS The ductal, lobular and total epithelial fractions were similar between controls and the early/late isoflavone groups, but they were significantly higher in the groups treated with estradiol. In both epithelial and stromal regions, the immunoreactivity of VEGF-A and the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells were significantly higher in the groups treated with estradiol, while they were similar in the early/late isoflavone groups and control groups. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that early and late treatment with soy isoflavones at the dose of 150 mg/kg/body weight does not show proliferative and angiogenic effects on the mammary gland of ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Florencio-Silva
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
| | - C P Teixeira
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
| | | | - D Souza Marinho
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
| | - R S Simões
- c Gynecology, Universidade De São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - M J Simões
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
| | - A Ferraz Carbonel
- b Morphology and Genetics , Universidade Federal De São Paulo , São Paulo
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Dang TS, Walker M, Ford D, Valentine RA. Nutrigenomics: the role of nutrients in gene expression. Periodontol 2000 2015; 64:154-60. [PMID: 24320962 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the mechanism behind periodontal tissue destruction, the potential protective role of nutrients and the advent of modern genomic measurement tools has led to an increased interest in the association between nutrition and periodontal disease. To date, evidence for a direct link between periodontal disease and nutrition has come mainly from large observational cross-sectional studies or very small double-blind randomized supplementation trials, with a large proportion finding no significant association between the nutrient being analyzed and markers of periodontal disease status. The advent of the 'genomic era' has introduced the concept of nutrigenomic studies, which aim to reveal the relationship between nutrition and the genome to provide a scientific basis for improved public health through dietary means. Used alongside relatively inexpensive high-throughput technology, this will allow the effect of diet on the etiology of periodontal disease to be studied in greater detail. As it is extremely likely that interactions between genotype and diet are important in determining the risk of the most common complex diseases, it is highly probable that these interactions will be important in determining periodontal disease risk. Numerous nutritional genetic studies where the outcome measures have been markers of disease risk, most notably cardiovascular disease and cancer, provide proof of principle, highlight the importance of understanding these interactions and illustrate where the effect of dietary modification on periodontal disease progression may have been overlooked previously by observational studies.
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Ji J, Zöller B, Giaccia A, Haile R, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Risk of breast cancer among patients with bioprosthetic or mechanical valve replacement: a population-based study in Sweden. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 154:369-75. [PMID: 26476725 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between breast cancer and warfarin is inconclusive as most previous studies examined their association using patients with thromboembolism, whereas thromboembolism itself is a risk factor for cancer. We explored this issue using patients received mechanical heart valves replacement as a proxy for warfarin exposure as these patients need a lifelong warfarin treatment, and compared them with patients received bioprosthesis valves replacement (short-term warfarin treatment) in Sweden between 1987 and 2010. Patients who were operated on for valve replacement were identified from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry and linked to the Swedish Cancer Registry to examine the hazard ratios of subsequent breast cancer. A total of 12,242 women were operated on for valve replacement (5481 with mechanical valve and 6401 with bioprosthetic valve). For the entire cohort, the HR of breast cancer was 1.49 (95 % CI 1.09-2.02) among patients with mechanical valve replacement compared to those with bioprosthetic valve replacement. After controlling for a number of confounding factors using propensity score weighting, the HR was 1.69 (95 % CI 1.15-2.47). Our study found that patients with mechanical valve replacement have an increased risk of breast cancer compared to those with bioprosthetic valve replacement. If confirmed, this increased risk should be considered when recommending breast cancer screening for women with mechanical valve replacement. Long-term use of warfarin may explain the observed increase. If so, patients who have used warfarin long-term for other reasons should be studied for a possible increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Ji
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, CRC, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Building 28, Floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Zöller
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, CRC, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Building 28, Floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Amato Giaccia
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Haile
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, CRC, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Building 28, Floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, CRC, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Building 28, Floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in the expression of genes and can be influenced by both the quality and quantity of diet. Dietary compounds such as sulforaphane (SFN) found in cruciferous vegetables and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea exhibit the ability to affect various epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibition, histone modifications via histone deacetylase (HDAC), histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibition, or noncoding RNA expression. Regulation of these epigenetic mechanisms has been shown to have notable influences on the formation and progression of various neoplasms. We have shown that an epigenetic diet can influence both cellular longevity and carcinogenesis through the modulation of certain key genes that encode telomerase and p16. Caloric restriction (CR) can also play a crucial role in aging and cancer. Reductions in caloric intake have been shown to increase both the life- and health-span in a variety of animal models. Moreover, restriction of glucose has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of age-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. A diet rich in compounds such as genistein, SFN and EGCG can positively modulate the epigenome and lead to many health benefits. Also, reducing the quantity of calories and glucose in the diet can confer an increased health-span, including reduced cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daniel
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Watson KL, Stalker L, Jones RA, Moorehead RA. High levels of dietary soy decrease mammary tumor latency and increase incidence in MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:37. [PMID: 25655427 PMCID: PMC4324669 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic data indicates that Asian diets, which are high in soy protein, reduce a women's risk of developing breast cancer. However, it has been difficult to dissociate the benefits of soy from other variables including environmental and lifestyle factors. Since prospective studies in humans would take decades to complete, rodent models provide a valuable research alternative. METHODS In this study, MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice, which develop mammary tumors resulting from overexpression of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), were utilized. MTB-IGFIR mice were fed a soy-based or casein-based diet throughout all stages of development to reflect soy exposure in Asian cultures. Mammary tumors were initiated at 2 different developmental stages by commencing IGF-IR transgene expression either during puberty or in adult mice. RESULTS MTB-IGFIR mice fed a soy-based diet displayed increased tumor incidence and accelerated tumor onset compared to MTB-IGFIR mice fed a casein diet. Two markers of estrogen receptor signaling, Pgr and Areg, were elevated in mammary tissue from mice fed the soy diet compared to mice fed the casein diet suggesting that high levels of soy may promote mammary tumor development through acting as an estrogen receptor agonist. Mammary tumors from mice fed a soy diet more frequently expressed metaplastic markers such as cytokeratins 5 and 14 as well as p63 and displayed reduced lung metastases compared to mammary tumors from mice fed a casein diet. CONCLUSIONS Diets consisting of very high levels of soy protein promote mammary tumor development and decrease tumor latency possibly through activating estrogen receptor signaling. Additional studies are required to determine whether a more moderate amount of dietary soy can inhibit oncogene-induced mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Watson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Leanne Stalker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Robert A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
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Chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of genistein, a soy isoflavone, upon cancer development and progression in preclinical animal models. Lab Anim Res 2014; 30:143-50. [PMID: 25628724 PMCID: PMC4306701 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is one of isoflavones mostly derived in a leguminous plant. It is well known as one of phytoestrogens that have structures similar to the principal mammalian estrogen. It has diverse biological functions including chemopreventive properties against cancers. Anticancer efficacies of genistein have been related with the epidemiological observations indicating that the incidence of some cancers is much lower in Asia, where diets are rich in soyfoods, than Western countries. This review deals with in vivo anticancer activities of genistein identified in animal studies being divided into its effects on carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Because animal studies have advantages in designing the experiments to suit the goals, they imply diverse information on the anticancer activity of genistein. The in vivo animal studies have adopted the specific animal models according to a developmental stage of cancer to prove the anticancer efficacies of genistein against diverse types of cancer. The numerous previous studies insist that genistein effectively inhibits carcinogenesis in the DMBA-induced animal cancer models by reducing the incidence of adenocarcinoma and cancer progression in the transgenic and xenograft animal models by suppressing the tumor growth and metastatic transition. Although the protective effect of genistein against cancer has been controversial, genistein may be a candidate for chemoprevention of carcinogenesis and cancer progression and may deserve to be the central compound supporting the epidemiological evidence.
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Mourouti N, Kontogianni MD, Papavagelis C, Panagiotakos DB. Diet and breast cancer: a systematic review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 66:1-42. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.950207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shike M, Doane AS, Russo L, Cabal R, Reis-Filho JS, Gerald W, Cody H, Khanin R, Bromberg J, Norton L. The effects of soy supplementation on gene expression in breast cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju189. [PMID: 25190728 PMCID: PMC4817128 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are conflicting reports on the impact of soy on breast carcinogenesis. This study examines the effects of soy supplementation on breast cancer-related genes and pathways. METHODS Women (n = 140) with early-stage breast cancer were randomly assigned to soy protein supplementation (n = 70) or placebo (n = 70) for 7 to 30 days, from diagnosis until surgery. Adherence was determined by plasma isoflavones: genistein and daidzein. Gene expression changes were evaluated by NanoString in pre- and posttreatment tumor tissue. Genome-wide expression analysis was performed on posttreatment tissue. Proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (Cas3) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Plasma isoflavones rose in the soy group (two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < .001) and did not change in the placebo group. In paired analysis of pre- and posttreatment samples, 21 genes (out of 202) showed altered expression (two-sided Student's t-test, P < .05). Several genes including FANCC and UGT2A1 revealed different magnitude and direction of expression changes between the two groups (two-sided Student's t-test, P < .05). A high-genistein signature consisting of 126 differentially expressed genes was identified from microarray analysis of tumors. This signature was characterized by overexpression (>2-fold) of cell cycle transcripts, including those that promote cell proliferation, such as FGFR2, E2F5, BUB1, CCNB2, MYBL2, CDK1, and CDC20 (P < .01). Soy intake did not result in statistically significant changes in Ki67 or Cas3. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression associated with soy intake and high plasma genistein defines a signature characterized by overexpression of FGFR2 and genes that drive cell cycle and proliferation pathways. These findings raise the concerns that in a subset of women soy could adversely affect gene expression in breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dietary Supplements/adverse effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genistein/blood
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Isoflavones/blood
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Soybean Proteins/administration & dosage
- Soybean Proteins/adverse effects
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Shike
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN).
| | - Ashley S Doane
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
| | - Lianne Russo
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
| | - Rafael Cabal
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
| | - William Gerald
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
| | - Hiram Cody
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
| | - Raya Khanin
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
| | - Jacqueline Bromberg
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine (MS, AD, LR, JB, LN) and Department of Pathology (RC, JRF, WG) and Department of Surgery (HC) and Department of Computational Biology (RK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (MS, JRF, WG, HC, JB, LN)
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Llanos AA, Peng J, Pennell ML, Krok JL, Vitolins MZ, Degraffinreid CR, Paskett ED. Effects of tomato and soy on serum adipokine concentrations in postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk: a cross-over dietary intervention trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:625-32. [PMID: 24423335 PMCID: PMC3913803 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women increases as body mass index increases. Practical preventive methods to reduce risk of breast cancer are lacking. Few studies have investigated the effects of carotenoids and isoflavones on circulating adipokines in postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the effects of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich diets on serum adipokines. DESIGN This was a 26-week, two-arm, longitudinal crossover trial. SETTING Participants were recruited from clinics at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. PARTICIPANTS Seventy postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk participated in the study. The mean age and body mass index of participants was 57.2 years and 30.0 kg/m(2), respectively; the study was comprised of 81.4% whites. INTERVENTIONS The interventions included 10 weeks of consumption of a tomato-based diet (≥25 mg lycopene daily) and 10 weeks of consumption of a soy-based diet (≥40 g of soy protein daily), with a 2-week washout in between. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in serum adiponectin, leptin, and the adiponectin to leptin ratio were examined for each intervention through linear mixed models, with ratio estimates corresponding to postintervention adipokine concentrations relative to preintervention concentrations. RESULTS After the tomato intervention, among all women, adiponectin concentration increased (ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.18), with a stronger effect observed among nonobese women (ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25). After the soy intervention, adiponectin decreased overall (ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.97), with a larger reduction observed among nonobese women (ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98). Overall, no significant changes in leptin or the adiponectin to leptin ratio were observed after either intervention. CONCLUSIONS Increasing dietary consumption of tomato-based foods may beneficially increase serum adiponectin concentrations among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk, especially those who are not obese. Additional studies are essential to confirm these effects and to elucidate the specific mechanisms that may make phytonutrients found in tomatoes practical as breast cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adana A Llanos
- Division of Population Sciences (A.A.L., J.L.K., C.R.D., E.D.P.), and Divisions of Biostatistics (J.P., M.L.P.) and Epidemiology (E.D.P.), College of Public Health, and Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (E.D.P.), College of Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Epidemiology (A.A.L.), School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (A.A.L.), New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903; and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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Conroy SM, Maskarinec G, Park SY, Wilkens LR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN. The effects of soy consumption before diagnosis on breast cancer survival: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:527-37. [PMID: 23659444 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.776694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that prediagnostic soy intake was inversely associated with all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. The analyses included 3842 women in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study of African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and Caucasians, who completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, aged ≥50 yr at cohort entry, and diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer following cohort entry (1993-2007). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for known clinical and lifestyle factors. During a mean follow-up after diagnosis of invasive breast cancer of 6.2 ± 3.8 yr, there were 804 deaths including 376 breast cancer-specific deaths. The HR (95%CI) for all-cause and breast cancer-specific morality comparing the highest versus lowest tertiles were 1.03 (0.81-1.33) and 1.03 (0.71-1.50) for soy products and 0.99 (0.82-1.20) and 0.95 (0.71-1.28) for total isoflavones, respectively (Ptrend > 0.60 for all). There was limited evidence of differences by hormone receptor status, tumor stage, or ethnic group. Prediagnostic soy intake was unrelated to mortality in postmenopausal women. Our findings are consistent with the literature that soy consumption does not adversely affect breast cancer survival in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Conroy
- Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Tigrine C, Bulzomi P, Leone S, Bouriche H, Kameli A, Marino M. Cleome arabica leaf extract has anticancer properties in human cancer cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1508-1514. [PMID: 23862683 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.796563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cleome arabica L. (Capparidaceae) is a desert plant widely distributed in the North part of Africa whose leaves are used in traditional medicine as a sedative for abdominal and rheumatic pains. OBJECTIVES The anticancer activity of methanol Cleome arabica leaf extracts (CALE) is investigated in different human cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five different human cancer cell lines, representative of the most common cancers in Western countries (i.e., breast adenocarcinoma, colon carcinoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoma, cervix carcinoma) were treated with different concentrations of CALE (i.e., 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml). Cell viability and cell cycle were measured by using a hemocytometer chamber and a cytofluorimeter, respectively. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was used as a positive control. Western blots were performed to evaluate the CALE effects on pathways involved in cell growth regulation and on apoptotic cascade activation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our results confirm that CALE has a high content of polyphenolic compounds (i.e., 32.21 ± 3.44%), mainly as flavonoids (24.56 ± 4.67%). In all tested cell lines CALE treatment reduces cell number in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 = 175 ± 30 µg/ml). CALE (100 and 200 µg/ml) increases by three-fold the activation of the apoptotic cascade involving caspase-3 activation and the cleavage of its substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Intriguingly, CALE treatment (200 µg/ml) also blocks EGF-induced cell growth by preventing the growth factor-triggered AKT and ERK phosphorylation. As a whole, these data strongly suggest that CALE possesses anticancer effects in all tested cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafia Tigrine
- Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Superieure , Algiers , Algeria
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Maskarinec G, Suzuki S, Pagano IS, Morimoto Y, Franke AA, Ehya H. Cytology in nipple aspirate fluid during a randomized soy food intervention among premenopausal women. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1116-21. [PMID: 24127645 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.833638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Because soy food consumption may influence breast tissue activity, we examined its effect on the presence of epithelial cells in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF). In a randomized, crossover design, 82 premenopausal women completed a high-soy and a low-soy diet for 6 mo each, separated by a 1-mo washout period. They provided NAF samples at baseline, 6 mo, and 13 mo during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Papanicolaou-stained cytology slides (for 33 women at baseline, 24 at low-soy, and 36 at high-soy) were evaluated in women with sufficient NAF. Mixed models evaluated the effect of the high-soy diet on epithelial cytology as compared to baseline and the low-soy diet. At the end of the high-soy diet, cytological subclass had decreased in 8 (24%) and increased in 3 (9%) women as compared to baseline, whereas the respective values were 3 (14%) and 6 (29%) for the low-soy diet samples (P = 0.32). Only the change in subclass indicated a trend in lower cytological class (P = 0.06). Contrary to an earlier report, the number of NAF samples with hyperplastic epithelial cells did not increase after a soy intervention in amounts consumed by Asians.
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Tseng M, Byrne C, Kurzer MS, Fang CY. Equol-producing status, isoflavone intake, and breast density in a sample of U.S. Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1975-83. [PMID: 24019393 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in ability to metabolize daidzein to equol might help explain inconsistent findings about isoflavones and breast cancer. We examined equol-producing status in relation to breast density, a marker of breast cancer risk, and evaluated whether an association of isoflavone intake with breast density differs by equol-producing status in a sample of Chinese immigrant women. METHODS Participants were 224 women, ages 36 to 58 years, enrolled in a study on diet and breast density. All women completed dietary recall interviews, underwent a soy challenge to assess equol-producing status, and received a mammogram assessed for breast density using a computer-assisted method. RESULTS In our sample, 30% were classified as equol producers. In adjusted linear regression models, equol producers had significantly lower mean dense tissue area (32.8 vs. 37.7 cm(2), P = 0.03) and lower mean percent breast density (32% vs. 35%, P = 0.03) than nonproducers. Significant inverse associations of isoflavone intake with dense area and percent density were apparent, but only in equol producers (interaction P = 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS These results support the possibility that equol-producing status affects breast density and that effects of isoflavones on breast density depend on ability to metabolize daidzein to equol. IMPACT Although these findings warrant confirmation in a larger sample, they offer a possible explanation for the inconsistent findings about soy intake and breast density and possibly breast cancer risk as well. The findings further suggest the importance of identifying factors that influence equol-producing status and exploring appropriate targeting of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Tseng
- Authors' Affiliations: Kinesiology Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota; and Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Equol as a potent radiosensitizer in estrogen receptor-positive and -negative human breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer 2013; 22:382-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-013-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Sansone F, Picerno P, Mencherini T, Russo P, Gasparri F, Giannini V, Lauro MR, Puglisi G, Aquino RP. Enhanced technological and permeation properties of a microencapsulated soy isoflavones extract. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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