1
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Lyu J, Ni M, Weiss MJ, Xu J. Metabolic regulation of erythrocyte development and disorders. Exp Hematol 2024; 131:104153. [PMID: 38237718 PMCID: PMC10939827 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The formation of new red blood cells (RBC) (erythropoiesis) has served as a paradigm for understanding cellular differentiation and developmental control of gene expression. The metabolic regulation of this complex, coordinated process remains poorly understood. Each step of erythropoiesis, including lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells, proliferation, differentiation, and terminal maturation into highly specialized oxygen-carrying cells, has unique metabolic requirements. Developing erythrocytes in mammals are also characterized by unique metabolic events such as loss of mitochondria with switch to glycolysis, ejection of nucleus and organelles, high-level heme and hemoglobin synthesis, and antioxidant requirement to protect hemoglobin molecules. Genetic defects in metabolic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, cause common erythrocyte disorders, whereas other inherited disorders such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia display metabolic abnormalities associated with disease pathophysiology. Here we describe recent discoveries on the metabolic control of RBC formation and function, highlight emerging concepts in understanding the erythroid metabolome, and discuss potential therapeutic benefits of targeting metabolism for RBC disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Lyu
- Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Min Ni
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jian Xu
- Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
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2
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Ginzburg Y, An X, Rivella S, Goldfarb A. Normal and dysregulated crosstalk between iron metabolism and erythropoiesis. eLife 2023; 12:e90189. [PMID: 37578340 PMCID: PMC10425177 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroblasts possess unique characteristics as they undergo differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells. During terminal erythropoiesis, these cells incorporate large amounts of iron in order to generate hemoglobin and ultimately undergo enucleation to become mature red blood cells, ultimately delivering oxygen in the circulation. Thus, erythropoiesis is a finely tuned, multifaceted process requiring numerous properly timed physiological events to maintain efficient production of 2 million red blood cells per second in steady state. Iron is required for normal functioning in all human cells, the erythropoietic compartment consuming the majority in light of the high iron requirements for hemoglobin synthesis. Recent evidence regarding the crosstalk between erythropoiesis and iron metabolism sheds light on the regulation of iron availability by erythroblasts and the consequences of insufficient as well as excess iron on erythroid lineage proliferation and differentiation. In addition, significant progress has been made in our understanding of dysregulated iron metabolism in various congenital and acquired malignant and non-malignant diseases. Finally, we report several actual as well as theoretical opportunities for translating the recently acquired robust mechanistic understanding of iron metabolism regulation to improve management of patients with disordered erythropoiesis, such as anemia of chronic inflammation, β-thalassemia, polycythemia vera, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Ginzburg
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiuli An
- LFKRI, New York Blood CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology affinity group (CAMB), University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics at the Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders at the Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- RNA Institute at University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Adam Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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3
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Zaghi M, Banfi F, Massimino L, Volpin M, Bellini E, Brusco S, Merelli I, Barone C, Bruni M, Bossini L, Lamparelli LA, Pintado L, D'Aliberti D, Spinelli S, Mologni L, Colasante G, Ungaro F, Cioni JM, Azzoni E, Piazza R, Montini E, Broccoli V, Sessa A. Balanced SET levels favor the correct enhancer repertoire during cell fate acquisition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3212. [PMID: 37270547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the chromatin, distal elements interact with promoters to regulate specific transcriptional programs. Histone acetylation, interfering with the net charges of the nucleosomes, is a key player in this regulation. Here, we report that the oncoprotein SET is a critical determinant for the levels of histone acetylation within enhancers. We disclose that a condition in which SET is accumulated, the severe Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome (SGS), is characterized by a failure in the usage of the distal regulatory regions typically employed during fate commitment. This is accompanied by the usage of alternative enhancers leading to a massive rewiring of the distal control of the gene transcription. This represents a (mal)adaptive mechanism that, on one side, allows to achieve a certain degree of differentiation, while on the other affects the fine and corrected maturation of the cells. Thus, we propose the differential in cis-regulation as a contributing factor to the pathological basis of SGS and possibly other the SET-related disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zaghi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Banfi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Esperimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Volpin
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget); IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bellini
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Brusco
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- CNR Institute of Biomedical Technologies, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Cristiana Barone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Michela Bruni
- RNA biology of the Neuron Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Bossini
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Lamparelli
- Esperimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pintado
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah D'Aliberti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Spinelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Mologni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Colasante
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Esperimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Michel Cioni
- RNA biology of the Neuron Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget); IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sessa
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Vilotić A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Jovanović Krivokuća M, Giampieri F, Battino M, Dekanski D. The Role of Dietary Polyphenols in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245246. [PMID: 36558404 PMCID: PMC9782043 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with extensive biological functions and health-promoting potential. These compounds are present in most foods of plant origin and their increased widespread availability through the intake of nutritional supplements, fortified foods, and beverages, has also led to increased exposure throughout gestation. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of polyphenols in both healthy and pathological pregnancy. General information related to their classification and function is followed by an overview of their known effects in early-pregnancy events, including the current insights into molecular mechanisms involved. Further, we provide an overview of their involvement in some of the most common pregnancy-associated pathological conditions, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Additionally, we also discuss the estimated possible risk of polyphenol consumption on pregnancy outcomes. The consumption of dietary polyphenols during pregnancy needs particular attention considering the possible effects of polyphenols on the mechanisms involved in maternal adaptation and fetal development. Further studies are strongly needed to unravel the in vivo effects of polyphenol metabolites during pregnancy, as well as their role on advanced maternal age, prenatal nutrition, and metabolic risk of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Pirković
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Vilotić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Žanka Bojić-Trbojević
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Jovanović Krivokuća
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Dragana Dekanski
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Dynamic changes in murine erythropoiesis from birth to adulthood: implications for the study of murine models of anemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:16-25. [PMID: 33570621 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver, spleen, and bone marrow are 3 key erythropoietic tissues in mammals. In the mouse, the liver is the predominant site of erythropoiesis during fetal development, the spleen responds to stress erythropoiesis, and the bone marrow is involved in maintaining homeostatic erythropoiesis in adults. However, the dynamic changes and respective contributions of the erythropoietic activity of these tissues from birth to adulthood are incompletely defined. Using C57BL/6 mice, we systematically examined the age-dependent changes in liver, spleen, and bone marrow erythropoiesis following birth. In addition to bone marrow, the liver and spleen of newborn mice sustain an active erythropoietic activity that is gradually lost during first few weeks of life. While the erythropoietic activity of the liver is lost 1 week after birth, that of the spleen is maintained for 7 weeks until the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow is sufficient to sustain steady-state adult erythropoiesis. Measurement of the red cell parameters demonstrates that these postnatal dynamic changes are reflected by varying indices of circulating red cells. While the red cell numbers, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit progressively increase after birth and reach steady-state levels by week 7, reticulocyte counts decrease during this time period. Mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin progressively decrease and reach steady state by week 3. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into developmental changes of murine erythropoiesis postnatally and have significant implications for the appropriate interpretation of findings from the variety of murine models used in the study of normal and disordered erythropoiesis.
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Li C, Goncalves KA, Raskó T, Pande A, Gil S, Liu Z, Izsvák Z, Papayannopoulou T, Davis JC, Kiem HP, Lieber A. Single-dose MGTA-145/plerixafor leads to efficient mobilization and in vivo transduction of HSCs with thalassemia correction in mice. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1239-1249. [PMID: 33646305 PMCID: PMC7948287 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed an in vivo hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy approach without the need for myelosuppressive conditioning and autologous HSC transplantation. It involves HSC mobilization and IV injection of a helper-dependent adenovirus HDAd5/35++ vector system. The current mobilization regimen consists of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections over a 4-day period, followed by the administration of plerixafor/AMD3100. We tested a simpler, 2-hour, G-CSF-free mobilization regimen using truncated GRO-β (MGTA-145; a CXCR2 agonist) and plerixafor in the context of in vivo HSC transduction in mice. The MGTA-145+plerixafor combination resulted in robust mobilization of HSCs. Importantly, compared with G-CSF+plerixafor, MGTA-145+plerixafor led to significantly less leukocytosis and no elevation of serum interleukin-6 levels and was thus likely to be less toxic. With both mobilization regimens, after in vivo selection with O6-benzylguanine (O6BG)/BCNU, stable GFP marking was achieved in >90% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Genome-wide analysis showed random, multiclonal vector integration. In vivo HSC transduction after mobilization with MGTA-145+plerixafor in a mouse model for thalassemia resulted in >95% human γ-globin+ erythrocytes at a level of 36% of mouse β-globin. Phenotypic analyses showed a complete correction of thalassemia. The γ-globin marking percentage and level were maintained in secondary recipients, further demonstrating that MGTA145+plerixafor mobilizes long-term repopulating HSCs. Our study indicates that brief exposure to MGTA-145+plerixafor may be advantageous as a mobilization regimen for in vivo HSC gene therapy applications across diseases, including thalassemia and sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Tamás Raskó
- AG "Mobile DNA Lab," Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Amit Pande
- AG "Mobile DNA Lab," Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Sucheol Gil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Zhinan Liu
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- AG "Mobile DNA Lab," Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - André Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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7
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Clark RL. Teratogen update: Malaria in pregnancy and the use of antimalarial drugs in the first trimester. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1403-1449. [PMID: 33079495 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a particular problem in pregnancy because of enhanced sensitivity, the possibility of placental malaria, and adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. Artemisinin-containing combination therapies (ACTs) are the most effective antimalarials known. WHO recommends 7-day quinine therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the first trimester despite the superior tolerability and efficacy of 3-day ACT regimens because artemisinins caused embryolethality and/or cardiovascular malformations at relatively low doses in rats, rabbits, and monkeys. The developmental toxicity of artesunate, artemether, and DHA were similar in rats but artesunate was embryotoxic at lower doses in rabbits (5 mg/kg/day) than artemether (no effect level = 25 mg/kg/day). In clinical studies in Africa, treatment with artemether-lumefantrine in the first trimester was observed to be highly efficacious and the miscarriage rate (≤3.1%) was similar to no antimalarial treatment (2.6%). When data from the first-trimester use of largely artesunate-based therapies in Thailand were pooled together, there was no difference in miscarriage rate compared to quinine. However, individually, artesunate-mefloquine was associated with a higher miscarriage rate (15/71 = 21%) compared to other artemisinin-based therapies including 7-day artesunate + clindamycin (2/50 = 4%) and quinine (92/842 = 11%). Thus, appropriate statistical comparisons of individual ACT groups are needed prior to assuming that they all have the same risk for developmental toxicity. Current limitations in the assessment of the safety of ACTs in the first trimester are a lack of exposures early in gestation (gestational weeks 6-7), limited postnatal evaluation for cardiovascular malformations, and the pooling of all ACTs for the assessment of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Clark
- Artemis Pharmaceutical Research, Saint Augustine, Florida, USA
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8
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Papadopoulos P, Kafasi A, De Cuyper IM, Barroca V, Lewandowski D, Kadri Z, Veldthuis M, Berghuis J, Gillemans N, Benavente Cuesta CM, Grosveld FG, van Zwieten R, Philipsen S, Vernet M, Gutiérrez L, Patrinos GP. Mild dyserythropoiesis and β-like globin gene expression imbalance due to the loss of histone chaperone ASF1B. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:39. [PMID: 33066815 PMCID: PMC7566067 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the human β-like globin genes follows a well-orchestrated developmental pattern, undergoing two essential switches, the first one during the first weeks of gestation (ε to γ), and the second one during the perinatal period (γ to β). The γ- to β-globin gene switching mechanism includes suppression of fetal (γ-globin, HbF) and activation of adult (β-globin, HbA) globin gene transcription. In hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH), the γ-globin suppression mechanism is impaired leaving these individuals with unusual elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in adulthood. Recently, the transcription factors KLF1 and BCL11A have been established as master regulators of the γ- to β-globin switch. Previously, a genomic variant in the KLF1 gene, identified by linkage analysis performed on twenty-seven members of a Maltese family, was found to be associated with HPFH. However, variation in the levels of HbF among family members, and those from other reported families carrying genetic variants in KLF1, suggests additional contributors to globin switching. ASF1B was downregulated in the family members with HPFH. Here, we investigate the role of ASF1B in γ- to β-globin switching and erythropoiesis in vivo. Mouse-human interspecies ASF1B protein identity is 91.6%. By means of knockdown functional assays in human primary erythroid cultures and analysis of the erythroid lineage in Asf1b knockout mice, we provide evidence that ASF1B is a novel contributor to steady-state erythroid differentiation, and while its loss affects the balance of globin expression, it has no major role in hemoglobin switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Papadopoulos
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Athanassia Kafasi
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M De Cuyper
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vilma Barroca
- UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université de Paris and Université de Paris-Saclay, CEA, 18 route du Panorama, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- U1274, Inserm, 18 route du Panorama, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université de Paris and Université de Paris-Saclay, CEA, 18 route du Panorama, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- U1274, Inserm, 18 route du Panorama, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Zahra Kadri
- Division of Innovative Therapies, UMR1184, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Martijn Veldthuis
- Laboratory of Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Berghuis
- Laboratory of Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Gillemans
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Celina María Benavente Cuesta
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank G Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Zwieten
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel Vernet
- UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université de Paris and Université de Paris-Saclay, CEA, 18 route du Panorama, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Platelet Research Lab -Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)-, Department of Medicine -University of Oviedo-, Oviedo, Spain
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences and Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule Contributes to the Development of Definitive Hematopoiesis in the Fetal Liver. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 13:992-1005. [PMID: 31813828 PMCID: PMC6915804 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) is a lifelong marker of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although we previously elucidated the functional importance of ESAM in HSCs in stress-induced hematopoiesis in adults, it is unclear how ESAM affects hematopoietic development during fetal life. To address this issue, we analyzed fetuses from conventional or conditional ESAM-knockout mice. Approximately half of ESAM-null fetuses died after mid-gestation due to anemia. RNA sequencing analyses revealed downregulation of adult-type globins and Alas2, a heme biosynthesis enzyme, in ESAM-null fetal livers. These abnormalities were attributed to malfunction of ESAM-null HSCs, which was demonstrated in culture and transplantation experiments. Although crosslinking ESAM directly influenced gene transcription in HSCs, observations in conditional ESAM-knockout fetuses revealed the critical involvement of ESAM expressed in endothelial cells in fetal lethality. Thus, we showed that ESAM had important roles in developing definitive hematopoiesis. Furthermore, we unveiled the importance of endothelial ESAM in this process.
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10
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Elahi S, Mashhouri S. Immunological consequences of extramedullary erythropoiesis: immunoregulatory functions of CD71 + erythroid cells. Haematologica 2020; 105:1478-1483. [PMID: 32354873 PMCID: PMC7271582 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.243063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta.,Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Lin KH, Chiang JC, Ho YH, Yao CL, Lee H. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Hematopoiesis: From Microenvironmental Effects to Intracellular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062015. [PMID: 32188052 PMCID: PMC7139687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate hematopoiesis is a complex physiological process that is tightly regulated by intracellular signaling and extracellular microenvironment. In recent decades, breakthroughs in lineage-tracing technologies and lipidomics have revealed the existence of numerous lipid molecules in hematopoietic microenvironment. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid molecule, is one of the identified lipids that participates in hematopoiesis. LPA exhibits various physiological functions through activation of G-protein-coupled receptors. The functions of these LPARs have been widely studied in stem cells, while the roles of LPARs in hematopoietic stem cells have rarely been examined. Nonetheless, mounting evidence supports the importance of the LPA-LPAR axis in hematopoiesis. In this article, we have reviewed regulation of hematopoiesis in general and focused on the microenvironmental and intracellular effects of the LPA in hematopoiesis. Discoveries in these areas may be beneficial to our understanding of blood-related disorders, especially in the context of prevention and therapy for anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
| | - Jui-Chung Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ya-Hsuan Ho
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK;
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan;
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +8862-3366-2499; Fax: +8862-2363-6837
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12
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Hirano I, Suzuki N. The Neural Crest as the First Production Site of the Erythroid Growth Factor Erythropoietin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:105. [PMID: 31245372 PMCID: PMC6581680 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the neural crest is considered the fourth germ layer that originates a variety of tissues during mammalian development, we recently discovered that some neural crest cells and neuroepithelial cells play a unique role in secreting a vital hematopoietic hormone, erythropoietin (EPO), in mouse embryos. EPO production by the neural crest is transient in mid-stage embryos but essential for the first erythropoiesis in the yolk sac and for sufficient oxygen supply in the whole embryo growing in utero. The site of EPO production shifts from the neural crest to the liver in late embryonic stages, followed by interstitial fibroblasts of the kidneys in adults. Interestingly, the transition of EPO production sites synchronizes with the transition of erythropoietic sites during mouse development from the yolk sac and the fetal liver to the bone marrow. EPO produced by the neural crest and the neuroepithelium is first stored around the production sites and delivered to the yolk sac as an endocrine hormone for erythropoiesis after heartbeat activation. The fact that EPO is produced by some human cell lines derived from neuroblastoma, which mainly originates from the neural crest, provides evidence that the neural crest secretes EPO for primitive erythropoiesis not only in mouse but also in human embryos. Here, we introduce and discuss recent progress in studies on the mechanism of EPO production by the neural crest and its roles in erythropoietic development and in the fate of EPO-producing neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Hirano
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norio Suzuki
- Division of Oxygen Biology, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Hayashi Y, Sezaki M, Takizawa H. Development of the hematopoietic system: Role of inflammatory factors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e341. [PMID: 30916895 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have two defining features, multipotency and self-renewal, both of which are tightly controlled by cell autonomous programs and environmental factors throughout the lifetime of an organism. During development, HSCs are born in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, and migrate to distinct hematopoietic organs such as the placenta, fetal liver and spleen, continuously self-renewing and expanding to reach a homeostatic number. HSCs ultimately seed the bone marrow around the time of birth and become dormant to sustain lifelong hematopoiesis. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on the role of inflammatory factors regulating HSC development, that is, emergence, trafficking and differentiation. An understanding of HSC kinetics during developmental processes will provide useful knowledge on HSC behavior under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hayashi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Maiko Sezaki
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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14
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Sun S, Peng Y, Liu J. Research advances in erythrocyte regeneration sources and methods in vitro. CELL REGENERATION 2018; 7:45-49. [PMID: 30671230 PMCID: PMC6326244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) facilitate gas exchange in the lungs and transport oxygen to the tissues. The human body must maintain erythrocyte regeneration to support metabolically active cells and tissues. In many hematological diseases, erythrocyte regeneration is impaired. Researchers have studied erythrocyte regeneration for many years both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarize the sources and main culture methods for generating mature and functional red blood cells in vitro. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are classic sources for erythrocyte regeneration. In addition, alternative sources such as immortalized adult human erythroid cell lines and transformed fibroblasts have also been generated and have produced functional red blood cells. The culture systems for erythrocytes differ among laboratories. Researchers hope that improvements in culture techniques may contribute to improved RBC outcomes for blood transfusions, drug delivery and the treatment of hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Erythropoiesis Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Erythropoiesis Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Erythropoiesis Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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15
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Liao C, Carlson BA, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. The intricate role of selenium and selenoproteins in erythropoiesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:165-171. [PMID: 29719207 PMCID: PMC6168382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is incorporated as the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) into the growing polypeptide chain of proteins involved in redox gatekeeper functions. Erythropoiesis presents a particular problem to redox regulation as the presence of iron, heme, and unpaired globin chains lead to high levels of free radical-mediated oxidative stress, which are detrimental to erythroid development and can lead to anemia. Under homeostatic conditions, bone marrow erythropoiesis produces sufficient erythrocytes to maintain homeostasis. In contrast, anemic stress induces an alternative pathway, stress erythropoiesis, which rapidly produces new erythrocytes at extramedullary sites, such as spleen, to alleviate anemia. Previous studies suggest that dietary Se protects erythrocytes from such oxidative damage and the absence of selenoproteins causes hemolysis of erythrocytes due to oxidative stress. Furthermore, Se deficiency or lack of selenoproteins severely impairs stress erythropoiesis exacerbating the anemia in rodent models and human patients. Interestingly, erythroid progenitors develop in close proximity with macrophages in structures referred to as erythroblastic islands (EBIs), where macrophage expression of selenoproteins appears to be critical for the expression of heme transporters to facilitate export of heme from macrophage stores to the developing erythroid cells. Here we review the role of Se and selenoproteins in the intrinsic development of erythroid cells in addition to their role in the development of the erythropoietic niche that supports the functional role of EBIs in erythroid expansion and maturation in the spleen during recovery from anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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16
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Huang ZW, Fong CY, Gauthaman K, Sukumar P, Mahyuddin AP, Barrett AN, Bongso A, Choolani M. Biology of human primitive erythroblasts for application in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:673-684. [PMID: 29876942 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human primitive erythroblasts produced during early embryogenesis have been found in maternal circulation at early gestation and are considered good target cells for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. We aimed to gain a better understanding of the biology of primitive erythroblasts and maximize their potential utility for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. METHODS Cells were obtained from first trimester human placental tissues. Biological properties including surface antigen composition, differentiation, proliferation, enucleation, and degeneration were studied as gestation progressed. A microdroplet culture system was developed to observe the behavior of these cells in vitro. RESULTS Histology showed that primitive erythroblasts undergo maturation from polychromatic to orthochromatic erythroblasts and can differentiate spontaneously in vitro. Cell surface markers and nuclear gene expression suggest that the cells do not possess stemness properties, despite being primitive in nature. They have limited proliferative activity and highly deacetylated chromatin, but a microdroplet culture system can prolong their viability under normoxic conditions. No apoptosis was seen by 11 weeks' gestation, and there was no enucleation in vitro. CONCLUSION These properties confirm that viable cells with intact nuclei can be obtained at very early gestation for genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Wei Huang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Kalamegam Gauthaman
- King Abdulaziz University, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ponnusamy Sukumar
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore.,Management Development Institute of Singapore, 501 Stirling Road, 148951, Singapore
| | - Aniza P Mahyuddin
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Angela N Barrett
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
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17
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Lee Y, Park C, Lee S, Lee D, Kim J. Isolation and Functional Examination of the Long Non-Coding RNA Redrum. Mol Cells 2018; 41:134-139. [PMID: 29237115 PMCID: PMC5824023 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report isolation of multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expressed tissue-specifically during murine embryogenesis. One of these, subsequently came to be known as Redrum, is expressed in erythropoietic cells in fetal liver and adult bone marrow. Redrum transcription is also detected during pregnancy in the spleen where extramedullary hematopoiesis takes place. In order to examine the function of Redrum in vivo, we generated a gene-targeted murine model and analyzed its embryonic and adult erythropoiesis. The homozygous mutant embryo showed no apparent deficiency or defect in erythropoiesis. Adult erythropoiesis in bone marrow and in the spleen during pregnancy likewise showed no detectable phenotype as red blood cells matured in normal fashion. The phenotype is in contrast to the reported function of Redrum in vitro, and our observation implies that Redrum plays in vivo an accessory or supplementary role whose loss is compatible with normal erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerim Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
| | - Charny Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Seoul 03760,
Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Seoul 03760,
Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Seoul 03760,
Korea
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Seoul 03760,
Korea
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18
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Ferreira AF, Calin GA, Picanço-Castro V, Kashima S, Covas DT, de Castro FA. Hematopoietic stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells - considering the role of microRNA as a cell differentiation regulator. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/4/jcs203018. [PMID: 29467236 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy for hematological diseases can lead to a good outcome from the clinical point of view, the limited number of ideal donors, the comorbidity of patients and the increasing number of elderly patients may limit the application of this therapy. HSCs can be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which requires the understanding of the bone marrow and liver niches components and function in vivo iPSCs have been extensively applied in several studies involving disease models, drug screening and cellular replacement therapies. However, the somatic reprogramming by transcription factors is a low-efficiency process. Moreover, the reprogramming process is also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate the expression of the transcription factors OCT-4 (also known as POU5F1), SOX-2, KLF-4 and MYC, leading somatic cells to a pluripotent state. In this Review, we present an overview of the challenges of cell reprogramming protocols with regard to HSC generation from iPSCs, and highlight the potential role of miRNAs in cell reprogramming and in the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Virgínia Picanço-Castro
- Center of Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Center of Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Center of Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiola A de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
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19
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20
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Flow Cytometry (FCM) Analysis and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) of Erythroid Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1698:153-174. [PMID: 29076089 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7428-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To study the process of erythropoiesis, it is important to be able to isolate erythroid progenitors and erythroblasts at distinct stages of development. During the past decade, considerable progress has been made on the development of flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) methods for the analysis and isolation of both murine and human erythroid cells at distinct stages of erythropoiesis, based on changes in the expression of cell surface markers. A method for the identification of murine BFU-E and CFU-E cells was reported by Flygare et al., by negative selection for Ter119, B220, Mac-1, CD3, Gr1, Sca-1, CD16/CD32, CD41, and CD34 cells, followed by separation based on the expression levels of CD71. We developed an alternative method in which Ter119 is used as an erythroid lineage marker, and in conjunction with CD44 and cell size as differentiation markers, it is possible to unambiguously distinguish erythroblasts at each developmental stage during murine terminal erythroid differentiation. We also developed methods for the analysis and isolation of human erythroid cells at all developmental stages. BFU-E and CFU-E are characterized by CD45+GPA-IL-3R-CD34+CD36-CD71low and CD45+GPA-IL-3R-CD34-CD36+CD71high phenotypes, respectively; the combination of GPA, band 3 and α4-integrin are used to isolate erythroid cells at all of the terminal stages of human erythropoiesis, including proerythroblasts, early basophilic, late basophilic, polychromatic and orthochromatic erythroblasts.
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21
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Lee LK, Ghorbanian Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Kim YJ, Weissman IL, Inlay MA, Mikkola HKA. LYVE1 Marks the Divergence of Yolk Sac Definitive Hemogenic Endothelium from the Primitive Erythroid Lineage. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2286-2298. [PMID: 27880904 PMCID: PMC6940422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the different waves and sites of developmental hematopoiesis to fetal and adult blood production remains unclear. Here, we identify lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE1) as a marker of yolk sac (YS) endothelium and definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Endothelium in mid-gestation YS and vitelline vessels, but not the dorsal aorta and placenta, were labeled by Lyve1-Cre. Most YS HSPCs and erythro-myeloid progenitors were Lyve1-Cre lineage traced, but primitive erythroid cells were not, suggesting that they represent distinct lineages. Fetal liver (FL) and adult HSPCs showed 35%-40% Lyve1-Cre marking. Analysis of circulation-deficient Ncx1-/- concepti identified the YS as a major source of Lyve1-Cre labeled HSPCs. FL proerythroblast marking was extensive at embryonic day (E) 11.5-13.5, but decreased to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) levels by E16.5, suggesting that HSCs from multiple sources became responsible for erythropoiesis. Lyve1-Cre thus marks the divergence between YS primitive and definitive hematopoiesis and provides a tool for targeting YS definitive hematopoiesis and FL colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yasamine Ghorbanian
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry at UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yeon Joo Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Ludwig Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew A Inlay
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry at UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hanna K A Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22
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Wang H, Richter M, Psatha N, Li C, Kim J, Liu J, Ehrhardt A, Nilsson SK, Cao B, Palmer D, Ng P, Izsvák Z, Haworth KG, Kiem HP, Papayannopoulou T, Lieber A. A Combined In Vivo HSC Transduction/Selection Approach Results in Efficient and Stable Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Cells in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 8:52-64. [PMID: 29255741 PMCID: PMC5722719 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported on an in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy approach. It involves the subcutaneous injections of G-CSF/AMD3100 to mobilize HSCs from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood stream and the intravenous injection of an integrating helper-dependent adenovirus vector system. HSCs transduced in the periphery homed back to the bone marrow, where they persisted long-term. However, high transgene marking rates found in primitive bone marrow HSCs were not reflected in peripheral blood cells. Here, we tested small-molecule drugs to achieve selective mobilization and transduction of HSCs. We found more efficient GFP marking in bone marrow HSCs but no increased marking in the peripheral blood cells. We then used an in vivo HSC chemo-selection based on a mutant of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (mgmtP140K) gene that confers resistance to O6-BG/BCNU and should give stably transduced HSCs a proliferation stimulus and allow for the selective survival and expansion of progeny cells. Short-term exposure of G-CSF/AMD3100-mobilized, in vivo-transduced mice to relatively low selection drug doses resulted in stable GFP expression in up to 80% of peripheral blood cells. Overall, the further improvement of our in vivo HSC transduction approach creates the basis for a simpler HSC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Maximilian Richter
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nikoletta Psatha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chang Li
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jiho Kim
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, 58448, Germany
| | | | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Donna Palmer
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77046, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77046, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13092, Germany
| | - Kevin G Haworth
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - André Lieber
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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23
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Unravelling pathways downstream Sox6 induction in K562 erythroid cells by proteomic analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14088. [PMID: 29074889 PMCID: PMC5658338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sox6 transcription factor is crucial for terminal maturation of definitive red blood cells. Sox6-null mouse fetuses present misshapen and nucleated erythrocytes, due to impaired actin assembly and cytoskeleton stability. These defects are accompanied with a reduced survival of Sox6−/− red blood cells, resulting in a compensated anemia. Sox6-overexpression in K562 cells and in human primary ex vivo erythroid cultures enhances erythroid differentiation and leads to hemoglobinization, the hallmark of erythroid maturation. To obtain an overview on processes downstream to Sox6 expression, we performed a differential proteomic analysis on human erythroid K562 cells overexpressing Sox6. Sox6-overexpression induces dysregulation of 64 proteins, involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and in protein synthesis, folding and trafficking, key processes for erythroid maturation. Moreover, 43 out of 64 genes encoding for differentially expressed proteins contain within their proximal regulatory regions sites that are bound by SOX6 according to ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets and are possible direct SOX6 targets. SAR1B, one of the most induced proteins upon Sox6 overexpression, shares a conserved regulatory module, composed by a double SOX6 binding site and a GATA1 consensus, with the adjacent SEC24 A gene. Since both genes encode for COPII components, this element could concur to the coordinated expression of these proteins during erythropoiesis.
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24
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Severn CE, Toye AM. The challenge of growing enough reticulocytes for transfusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Severn
- School of Biochemistry; Biomedical Sciences Building; University Walk; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - A. M. Toye
- School of Biochemistry; Biomedical Sciences Building; University Walk; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- Bristol Institute of Transfusion Sciences; NHSBT Filton; Bristol UK
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Seu KG, Papoin J, Fessler R, Hom J, Huang G, Mohandas N, Blanc L, Kalfa TA. Unraveling Macrophage Heterogeneity in Erythroblastic Islands. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1140. [PMID: 28979259 PMCID: PMC5611421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian erythropoiesis occurs within erythroblastic islands (EBIs), niches where maturing erythroblasts interact closely with a central macrophage. While it is generally accepted that EBI macrophages play an important role in erythropoiesis, thorough investigation of the mechanisms by which they support erythropoiesis is limited largely by inability to identify and isolate the specific macrophage sub-population that constitute the EBI. Early studies utilized immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence to study EBI morphology and structure, while more recent efforts have used flow cytometry for high-throughput quantitative characterization of EBIs and their central macrophages. However, these approaches based on the expectation that EBI macrophages are a homogeneous population (F4/80+/CD169+/VCAM-1+ for example) provide an incomplete picture and potentially overlook critical information about the nature and biology of the islands and their central macrophages. Here, we present a novel method for analysis of EBI macrophages from hematopoietic tissues of mice and rats using multispectral imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines the high-throughput advantage of flow cytometry with the morphological and fluorescence features derived from microscopy. This method provides both quantitative analysis of EBIs, as well as structural and morphological details of the central macrophages and associated cells. Importantly, the images, combined with quantitative software features, can be used to evaluate co-expression of phenotypic markers which is crucial since some antigens used to identify macrophages (e.g., F4/80 and CD11b) can be expressed on non-erythroid cells associated with the islands instead of, or in addition to the central macrophage itself. We have used this method to analyze native EBIs from different hematopoietic tissues and evaluated the expression of several markers that have been previously reported to be expressed on EBI macrophages. We found that VCAM-1, F4/80, and CD169 are expressed heterogeneously by the central macrophages within the EBIs, while CD11b, although abundantly expressed by cells within the islands, is not expressed on the EBI macrophages. Moreover, differences in the phenotype of EBIs in rats compared to mice point to potential functional differences between these species. These data demonstrate the usefulness of IFC in analysis and characterization of EBIs and more importantly in exploring the heterogeneity and plasticity of EBI macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Giger Seu
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Julien Papoin
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Rose Fessler
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jimmy Hom
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Gang Huang
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, Lindsey F Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Theodosia A Kalfa
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Tropomodulin 1 controls erythroblast enucleation via regulation of F-actin in the enucleosome. Blood 2017; 130:1144-1155. [PMID: 28729432 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-787051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of mammalian red blood cells requires nuclear expulsion by orthochromatic erythoblasts late in terminal differentiation (enucleation), but the mechanism is largely unexplained. Here, we employed high-resolution confocal microscopy to analyze nuclear morphology and F-actin rearrangements during the initiation, progression, and completion of mouse and human erythroblast enucleation in vivo. Mouse erythroblast nuclei acquire a dumbbell-shaped morphology during enucleation, whereas human bone marrow erythroblast nuclei unexpectedly retain their spherical morphology. These morphological differences are linked to differential expression of Lamin isoforms, with primary mouse erythroblasts expressing only Lamin B and primary human erythroblasts only Lamin A/C. We did not consistently identify a continuous F-actin ring at the cell surface constriction in mouse erythroblasts, nor at the membrane protein-sorting boundary in human erythroblasts, which do not have a constriction, arguing against a contractile ring-based nuclear expulsion mechanism. However, both mouse and human erythroblasts contain an F-actin structure at the rear of the translocating nucleus, enriched in tropomodulin 1 (Tmod1) and nonmuscle myosin IIB. We investigated Tmod1 function in mouse and human erythroblasts both in vivo and in vitro and found that absence of Tmod1 leads to enucleation defects in mouse fetal liver erythroblasts, and in CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, with increased F-actin in the structure at the rear of the nucleus. This novel structure, the "enucleosome," may mediate common cytoskeletal mechanisms underlying erythroblast enucleation, notwithstanding the morphological heterogeneity of enucleation across species.
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27
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Tran HT, Fransen M, Dimitrakopoulou D, Van Imschoot G, Willemarck N, Vleminckx K. Caspase-9 has a nonapoptotic function in Xenopus embryonic primitive blood formation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2371-2381. [PMID: 28576973 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.186411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases constitute a family of cysteine proteases centrally involved in programmed cell death, which is an integral part of normal embryonic and fetal development. However, it has become clear that specific caspases also have functions independent of cell death. In order to identify novel apoptotic and nonapoptotic developmental caspase functions, we designed and transgenically integrated novel fluorescent caspase reporter constructs in developing Xenopus embryos and tadpoles. This model organism has an external development, allowing direct and continuous monitoring. These studies uncovered a nonapoptotic role for the initiator caspase-9 in primitive blood formation. Functional experiments further corroborated that caspase-9, but possibly not the executioners caspase-3 and caspase-7, are required for primitive erythropoiesis in the early embryo. These data reveal a novel nonapoptotic function for the initiator caspase-9 and, for the first time, implicate nonapoptotic caspase activity in primitive blood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Thi Tran
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Fransen
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Griet Van Imschoot
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Willemarck
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Vleminckx
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Lacaud G, Kouskoff V. Hemangioblast, hemogenic endothelium, and primitive versus definitive hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2017; 49:19-24. [PMID: 28043822 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The types of progenitors generated during the successive stages of embryonic blood development are now fairly well characterized. The terminology used to describe these waves, however, can still be confusing. What is truly primitive? What is uniquely definitive? These questions become even more challenging to answer when blood progenitors are derived in vitro upon the differentiation of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Similarly, the cellular origin of these blood progenitors can be controversial. Are all blood cells, including the primitive wave, derived from hemogenic endothelium? Is the hemangioblast an in vitro artifact or is this mesoderm entity also present in the developing embryo? Here, we discuss the latest findings and propose some consensus relating to these controversial issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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29
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Martyn GE, Quinlan KGR, Crossley M. The regulation of human globin promoters by CCAAT box elements and the recruitment of NF-Y. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:525-536. [PMID: 27718361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT boxes are motifs found within the proximal promoter of many genes, including the human globin genes. The highly conserved nature of CCAAT box motifs within the promoter region of both α-like and β-like globin genes emphasises the functional importance of the CCAAT sequence in globin gene regulation. Mutations within the β-globin CCAAT box result in β-thalassaemia, while mutations within the distal γ-globin CCAAT box cause the Hereditary Persistence of Foetal Haemoglobin, a benign condition which results in continued γ-globin expression during adult life. Understanding the transcriptional regulation of the globin genes is of particular interest, as reactivating the foetal γ-globin gene alleviates the symptoms of β-thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia. NF-Y is considered to be the primary activating transcription factor which binds to globin CCAAT box motifs. Here we review recruitment of NF-Y to globin CCAAT boxes and the role NF-Y plays in regulating globin gene expression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Factor Y in Development and Disease, edited by Prof. Roberto Mantovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella E Martyn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
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30
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Abstract
Terminal erythroid differentiation occurs in the bone marrow, within specialized niches termed erythroblastic islands. These functional units consist of a macrophage surrounded by differentiating erythroblasts and have been described more than five decades ago, but their function in the pathophysiology of erythropoiesis has remained unclear until recently. Here we propose that the central macrophage in the erythroblastic island contributes to the pathophysiology of anemia of inflammation. After introducing erythropoiesis and the interactions between the erythroblasts and the central macrophage within the erythroblastic islands, we will discuss the immunophenotypic characterization of this specific subpopulation of macrophages. We will then integrate these concepts into the currently known pathophysiological drivers of anemia of inflammation and address the role of the central macrophage in this disorder. Finally, as a means of furthering our understanding of the various concepts, we will discuss the differences between murine and rat models with regard to developmental and stress erythropoiesis in an attempt to define a model system representative of human pathophysiology.
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31
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Ding N, Xi J, Li Y, Xie X, Shi J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Fang F, Wang S, Yue W, Pei X, Fang X. Global transcriptome analysis for identification of interactions between coding and noncoding RNAs during human erythroid differentiation. Front Med 2016; 10:297-310. [PMID: 27272188 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies on coding genes, miRNAs, and lncRNAs during erythroid development have been performed in recent years. However, analysis focusing on the integration of the three RNA types has yet to be done. In the present study, we compared the dynamics of coding genes, miRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles. To explore dynamic changes in erythropoiesis and potential mechanisms that control these changes in the transcriptome level, we took advantage of high throughput sequencing technologies to obtain transcriptome data from cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and the following four erythroid differentiation stages, as well as from mature red blood cells. Results indicated that lncRNAs were promising cell marker candidates for erythroid differentiation. Clustering analysis classified the differentially expressed genes into four subtypes that corresponded to dynamic changes during stemness maintenance, mid-differentiation, and maturation. Integrated analysis revealed that noncoding RNAs potentially participated in controlling blood cell maturation, and especially associated with heme metabolism and responses to oxygen species and DNA damage. These regulatory interactions were displayed in a comprehensive network, thereby inferring correlations between RNAs and their associated functions. These data provided a substantial resource for the study of normal erythropoiesis, which will permit further investigation and understanding of erythroid development and acquired erythroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiafei Xi
- Lab of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, AMMS, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yanming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Lab of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, AMMS, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Jian Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, AMMS, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, AMMS, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, AMMS, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Lab of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, 100850, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, AMMS, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Lab of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, 100850, China. .,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, AMMS, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Liu J, Han X, An X. Novel methods for studying normal and disordered erythropoiesis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1270-5. [PMID: 26588913 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a process during which multipotential hematopoietic stem cells proliferate, differentiate and eventually form mature erythrocytes. Interestingly, unlike most cell types, an important feature of erythropoiesis is that following each mitosis the daughter cells are morphologically and functionally different from the parent cell from which they are derived, demonstrating the need to study erythropoiesis in a stage-specific manner. This has been impossible until recently due to lack of methods for isolating erythroid cells at each distinct developmental stage. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of methods for isolating both murine and human erythroid cells and their applications. These methods provide powerful means for studying normal and impaired erythropoiesis associated with hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - XiuLi An
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic View of Erythroblastic Islands. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:873628. [PMID: 26557707 PMCID: PMC4628717 DOI: 10.1155/2015/873628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Erythroblastic islands are a hallmark of mammalian erythropoiesis consisting of a central macrophage surrounded by and interacting closely with the maturing erythroblasts. The macrophages are thought to serve many functions such as supporting erythroblast proliferation, supplying iron for hemoglobin, promoting enucleation, and clearing the nuclear debris; moreover, inhibition of erythroblastic island formation is often detrimental to erythropoiesis. There is still much not understood about the role that macrophages and microenvironment play in erythropoiesis and insights may be gleaned from a comparative analysis with erythropoietic niches in nonmammalian vertebrates which, unlike mammals, have erythrocytes that retain their nucleus. The phylogenetic development of erythroblastic islands in mammals in which the erythrocytes are anucleate underlines the importance of the macrophage in erythroblast enucleation.
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Fleury M, Eliades A, Carlsson P, Lacaud G, Kouskoff V. FOXF1 inhibits hematopoietic lineage commitment during early mesoderm specification. Development 2015; 142:3307-20. [PMID: 26293303 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms orchestrating early mesoderm specification are still poorly understood. In particular, how alternate cell fate decisions are regulated in nascent mesoderm remains mostly unknown. In the present study, we investigated both in vitro in differentiating embryonic stem cells, and in vivo in gastrulating embryos, the lineage specification of early mesodermal precursors expressing or not the Forkhead transcription factor FOXF1. Our data revealed that FOXF1-expressing mesoderm is derived from FLK1(+) progenitors and that in vitro this transcription factor is expressed in smooth muscle and transiently in endothelial lineages, but not in hematopoietic cells. In gastrulating embryos, FOXF1 marks most extra-embryonic mesoderm derivatives including the chorion, the allantois, the amnion and a subset of endothelial cells. Similarly to the in vitro situation, FOXF1 expression is excluded from the blood islands and blood cells. Further analysis revealed an inverse correlation between hematopoietic potential and FOXF1 expression in vivo with increased commitment toward primitive erythropoiesis in Foxf1-deficient embryos, whereas FOXF1-enforced expression in vitro was shown to repress hematopoiesis. Altogether, our data establish that during gastrulation, FOXF1 marks all posterior primitive streak extra-embryonic mesoderm derivatives with the remarkable exception of the blood lineage. Our study further suggests that this transcription factor is implicated in actively restraining the specification of mesodermal progenitors to hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Fleury
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Alexia Eliades
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Peter Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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Preterm Cord Blood Contains a Higher Proportion of Immature Hematopoietic Progenitors Compared to Term Samples. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138680. [PMID: 26417990 PMCID: PMC4587939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cord blood contains high number of hematopoietic cells that after birth disappear. In this paper we have studied the functional properties of the umbilical cord blood progenitor cells collected from term and preterm neonates to establish whether quantitative and/or qualitative differences exist between the two groups. METHODS AND RESULTS Our results indicate that the percentage of total CD34+ cells was significantly higher in preterm infants compared to full term: 0.61% (range 0.15-4.8) vs 0.3% (0.032-2.23) p = 0.0001 and in neonates <32 weeks of gestational age (GA) compared to those ≥32 wks GA: 0.95% (range 0.18-4.8) and 0.36% (0.15-3.2) respectively p = 0.0025. The majority of CD34+ cells co-expressed CD71 antigen (p<0.05 preterm vs term) and grew in vitro large BFU-E, mostly in the second generation. The subpopulations CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD45- resulted more represented in preterm samples compared to term, conversely, Side Population (SP) did not show any difference between the two group. The absolute number of preterm colonies (CFCs/10microL) resulted higher compared to term (p = 0.004) and these progenitors were able to grow until the third generation maintaining an higher proportion of CD34+ cells (p = 0.0017). The number of colony also inversely correlated with the gestational age (Pearson r = -0.3001 p<0.0168). CONCLUSIONS We found no differences in the isolation and expansion capacity of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFCs) from cord blood of term and preterm neonates: both groups grew in vitro large number of endothelial cells until the third generation and showed a transitional phenotype between mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitors (CD73, CD31, CD34 and CD144)The presence, in the cord blood of preterm babies, of high number of immature hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial/mesenchymal stem cells with high proliferative potential makes this tissue an important source of cells for developing new cells therapies.
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Toda S, Nishi C, Yanagihashi Y, Segawa K, Nagata S. Clearance of Apoptotic Cells and Pyrenocytes. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 114:267-95. [PMID: 26431571 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells are engulfed and digested by macrophages to maintain homeostasis in animals. If dead cells are not engulfed swiftly, they undergo secondary necrosis and release intracellular components that activate the immune system. Apoptotic cells are efficiently cleared due to phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposed on the cell surface that acts as an "eat me" signal. PtdSer is exposed through the activation of phospholipid scramblase and the inactivation of phospholipid flippase, which are both caspase-mediated events. Macrophages express a variety of molecules to recognize PtdSer, and use a sophisticated mechanism to engulf apoptotic cells. In red blood cells, the nucleus is lost when it is extruded as a pyrenocyte during definitive erythropoiesis. These pyrenocytes (nuclei surrounded by plasma membrane) also expose PtdSer on their surface and are efficiently engulfed by macrophages in a PtdSer-dependent manner. Macrophages transfer the engulfed apoptotic cell or pyrenocyte into lysosomes, where the components of the dead cell or pyrenocyte are degraded. If lysosomes cannot digest the DNA from apoptotic cells or pyrenocytes, the undigested DNA accumulates in the lysosome and activates macrophages to produce type I interferon (IFN) via a STING-dependent pathway; in embryos, this causes severe anemia. Here, we discuss how macrophages clear apoptotic cells and pyrenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Toda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yanagihashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumori Segawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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38
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Vizirianakis IS, Papachristou ET, Andreadis P, Zopounidou E, Matragkou CN, Tsiftsoglou AS. Genetic manipulation of RPS5 gene expression modulates the initiation of commitment of MEL cells to erythroid maturation: Implications in understanding ribosomopathies. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:303-14. [PMID: 25998414 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of ribosome biogenesis contributes to the molecular pathophysiology of ribosomopathies by deregulating cell-lineage specific proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis decisions of haematopoietic progenitor cells. Here, using pro-erythroblast-like murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, a model system of erythroid maturation, we aimed to investigate whether genetic manipulation of RPS5 expression affects the capacity of cells to grow and differentiate in culture. Parental MEL cells stably transfected with full length RPS5 cDNA in sense (MEL-C14 culture) or antisense (MEL-antisenseRPS5 culture) orientation, as well as MEL cells transiently transfected with siRNAs specific for RPS5 gene silencing (MEL-RPS5siRNA culture) were assessed for their ability to fully execute their erythroid maturation program in culture. The data obtained thus far indicate that: a) MEL-antisenseRPS5 exhibit a pronounced delay in the initiation of differentiation, as well as an impairment of commitment, since the continuous presence of the inducer in culture is required for the cells to fully execute their erythroid maturation program. b) RNAi-mediating silencing of RPS5 gene expression resulted in the inability of MEL cells to differentiate; however, when these cells were allowed to recapitulate normal RPS5 gene expression levels they regained their differentiation capacity by accumulating high proportion of erythroid mature cells. c) Interestingly the latter, is accompanied by morphological changes of cells and an impairment of their proliferation and apoptosis potential. Such data for the first time correlate the RPS5 gene expression levels with the differentiation capacity of MEL cells in vitro, a fact that might also have implications in understanding ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni T Papachristou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Andreadis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena Zopounidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina N Matragkou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chao R, Gong X, Wang L, Wang P, Wang Y. CD71(high) population represents primitive erythroblasts derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2014; 14:30-8. [PMID: 25485690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD71/Ter119 combination has been widely used to reflect dynamic maturation of erythrocytes in vivo. However, because CD71 is expressed on all proliferating cells, it is unclear whether it can be utilized as an erythrocyte-specific marker during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this study, we revealed that a population expressing high level of CD71 (CD71(high)) during mouse ESC differentiation represented an in vitro counterpart of yolk sac-derived primitive erythroblasts (EryPs) isolated at 8.5days post coitum. In addition, these CD71(high) cells went through "maturational globin switching" and enucleated during terminal differentiation in vitro that were similar to the yolk sac-derived EryPs in vivo. We further demonstrated that the formation of CD71(high) population was regulated differentially by key factors including Scl, HoxB4, Eaf1, and Klf1. Taken together, our study provides a technical advance that allows efficient segregation of EryPs from differentiated ESCs in vitro for further understanding molecular regulation during primitive erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Chao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueping Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Vinjamur DS, Wade KJ, Mohamad SF, Haar JL, Sawyer ST, Lloyd JA. Krüppel-like transcription factors KLF1 and KLF2 have unique and coordinate roles in regulating embryonic erythroid precursor maturation. Haematologica 2014; 99:1565-73. [PMID: 25150253 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like transcription factors KLF1 and KLF2 are essential for embryonic erythropoiesis. They can partially compensate for each other during mouse development, and coordinately regulate numerous erythroid genes, including the β-like globins. Simultaneous ablation of KLF1 and KLF2 results in earlier embryonic lethality and severe anemia. In this study, we determine that this anemia is caused by a paucity of blood cells, and exacerbated by diminished β-like globin gene expression. The anemia phenotype is dose-dependent, and, interestingly, can be ameliorated by a single copy of the KLF2, but not the KLF1 gene. The roles of KLF1 and KLF2 in maintaining normal peripheral blood cell numbers and globin mRNA amounts are erythroid cell-specific. Mechanistic studies led to the discovery that KLF2 has an essential function in erythroid precursor maintenance. KLF1 can partially compensate for KLF2 in this role, but is uniquely crucial for erythroid precursor proliferation through its regulation of G1- to S-phase cell cycle transition. A more drastic impairment of primitive erythroid colony formation from embryonic progenitor cells occurs with simultaneous loss of KLF1 and KLF2 than with loss of a single factor. KLF1 and KLF2 coordinately regulate several proliferation-associated genes, including Foxm1. Differential expression of FoxM1, in particular, correlates with the observed KLF1 and KLF2 gene dosage effects on anemia. Furthermore, KLF1 binds to the FoxM1 gene promoter in blood cells. Thus KLF1 and KLF2 coordinately regulate embryonic erythroid precursor maturation through the regulation of multiple homeostasis-associated genes, and KLF2 has a novel and essential role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya S Vinjamur
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kristen J Wade
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jack L Haar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stephen T Sawyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joyce A Lloyd
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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41
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Suzuki N, Hirano I, Pan X, Minegishi N, Yamamoto M. Erythropoietin production in neuroepithelial and neural crest cells during primitive erythropoiesis. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2902. [PMID: 24309470 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) supports both primitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac and definitive erythropoiesis in the fetal liver and bone marrow. Although definitive erythropoiesis requires kidney- and liver-secreted Epo, it is unclear which cells produce Epo for primitive erythropoiesis. Here we find neural Epo-producing (NEP) cells in mid-gestational stage embryos using mouse lines that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the Epo gene regulation. In these mice, GFP is expressed exclusively in a subpopulation of neural and neural crest cells at embryonic day 9.0 when Epo-deficient embryos exhibit abnormalities in primitive erythropoiesis. The GFP-positive NEP cells express Epo mRNA and the ex vivo culture of embryonic day 8.5 neural tubes results in the secretion of Epo, which is able to induce the proliferation and differentiation of yolk sac-derived erythroid cells. These results thus suggest that NEP cells secrete Epo and might support the development of primitive erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Suzuki
- 1] Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan [2]
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Singh VK, Saini A, Tsuji K, Sharma PB, Chandra R. Manufacturing blood ex vivo: a futuristic approach to deal with the supply and safety concerns. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:26. [PMID: 25364733 PMCID: PMC4206981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusions are routinely done in every medical regimen and a worldwide established collection, processing/storage centers provide their services for the same. There have been extreme global demands for both raising the current collections and supply of safe/adequate blood due to increasingly demanding population. With, various risks remain associated with the donor derived blood, and a number of post collection blood screening and processing methods put extreme constraints on supply system especially in the underdeveloped countries. A logistic approach to manufacture erythrocytes ex-vivo by using modern tissue culture techniques have surfaced in the past few years. There are several reports showing the possibilities of RBCs (and even platelets/neutrophils) expansion under tightly regulated conditions. In fact, ex vivo synthesis of the few units of clinical grade RBCs from a single dose of starting material such as umbilical cord blood (CB) has been well established. Similarly, many different sources are also being explored for the same purpose, such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the major concerns remain elusive before the manufacture and clinical use of different blood components may be used to successfully replace the present system of donor derived blood transfusion. The most important factor shall include the large scale of RBCs production from each donated unit within a limited time period and cost of their production, both of these issues need to be handled carefully since many of the recipients among developing countries are unable to pay even for the freely available donor derived blood. Anyways, keeping these issues in mind, present article shall be focused on the possibilities of blood production and their use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal K Singh
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Saini
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Kohichiro Tsuji
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - P B Sharma
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi Delhi, India
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Kawane K, Motani K, Nagata S. DNA degradation and its defects. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:6/6/a016394. [PMID: 24890510 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA is one of the most essential molecules in organisms, containing all the information necessary for organisms to live. It replicates and provides a mechanism for heredity and evolution. Various events cause the degradation of DNA into nucleotides. DNA also has a darker side that has only recently been recognized; DNA that is not properly degraded causes various diseases. In this review, we discuss four deoxyribonucleases that function in the nucleus, cytosol, and lysosomes, and how undigested DNA causes such diseases as cancer, cataract, and autoinflammation. Studies on the biochemical and physiological functions of deoxyribonucleases should continue to increase our understanding of cellular functions and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohki Kawane
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kou Motani
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Cadiz-Rivera B, Fromm G, de Vries C, Fields J, McGrath KE, Fiering S, Bulger M. The chromatin "landscape" of a murine adult β-globin gene is unaffected by deletion of either the gene promoter or a downstream enhancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92947. [PMID: 24817273 PMCID: PMC4015891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the complex tissue- and developmental-specific expression of genes within the β-globin cluster is known to be subject to control by the gene promoters, by a locus control region (LCR) located upstream of the cluster, and by sequence elements located across the intergenic regions. Despite extensive investigation, however, the complement of sequences that is required for normal regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression within the cluster is not fully defined. To further elucidate regulation of the adult β-globin genes, we investigate the effects of two deletions engineered within the endogenous murine β-globin locus. First, we find that deletion of the β2-globin gene promoter, while eliminating β2-globin gene expression, results in no additional effects on chromatin structure or gene expression within the cluster. Notably, our observations are not consistent with competition among the β-globin genes for LCR activity. Second, we characterize a novel enhancer located 3′ of the β2-globin gene, but find that deletion of this sequence has no effect whatsoever on gene expression or chromatin structure. This observation highlights the difficulty in assigning function to enhancer sequences identified by the chromatin “landscape” or even by functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cadiz-Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center and Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - George Fromm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center and Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christina de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center and Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Fields
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Kathleen E. McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center and Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Michael Bulger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center and Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Extensively self-renewing erythroblasts derived from transgenic β-yac mice is a novel model system for studying globin switching and erythroid maturation. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:536-46.e8. [PMID: 24704162 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Globin gene regulation occurs in the context of a maturing erythroid cell, which is undergoing significant changes in chromatin structure and gene expression. There are few model systems available that facilitate studies of globin gene regulation in the context of erythroid maturation. Extensively self-renewing erythroblasts (ESREs) are a nontransformed model of erythroid maturation derived from murine fetal liver or yolk sac. Imaging flow cytometry and RNA-seq studies demonstrate that ESREs functionally and molecularly model erythroid maturation. To address the need for a model system that also recapitulates human globin switching, ESREs were derived from mice transgenic for the complete human β-globin locus (β-yac ESREs). β-yac ESREs express β-globin from the transgenic human locus, with minimal γ-globin expression. When treated with hydroxyurea or inhibitors to histone deacetylases, DNA methyltransferases, or the histone demethylase lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), β-Yac ESREs significantly increase their γ-globin expression, demonstrating their utility for studying agents that influence maturational globin switching. β-yac ESREs were further used to characterize the secondary effects of LSD1 inhibition on erythroid maturation, with inhibition of LSD1 resulting in altered cell and nuclear size, prolonged Kit expression, and decreased rates of enucleation consistent with impaired maturation. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that β-yac ESREs have significant utility for identifying modulators of maturational globin switching as well as for studying the broader role of those modulators in erythroid maturation.
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Abstract
We recently developed fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based methods to purify morphologically and functionally discrete populations of cells, each representing specific stages of terminal erythroid differentiation. We used these techniques to obtain pure populations of both human and murine erythroblasts at distinct developmental stages. RNA was prepared from these cells and subjected to RNA sequencing analyses, creating unbiased, stage-specific transcriptomes. Tight clustering of transcriptomes from differing stages, even between biologically different replicates, validated the utility of the FACS-based assays. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that there were marked differences between differentiation stages, with both shared and dissimilar gene expression profiles defining each stage within transcriptional space. There were vast temporal changes in gene expression across the differentiation stages, with each stage exhibiting unique transcriptomes. Clustering and network analyses revealed that varying stage-specific patterns of expression observed across differentiation were enriched for genes of differing function. Numerous differences were present between human and murine transcriptomes, with significant variation in the global patterns of gene expression. These data provide a significant resource for studies of normal and perturbed erythropoiesis, allowing a deeper understanding of mechanisms of erythroid development in various inherited and acquired erythroid disorders.
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p53-Independent cell cycle and erythroid differentiation defects in murine embryonic stem cells haploinsufficient for Diamond Blackfan anemia-proteins: RPS19 versus RPL5. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89098. [PMID: 24558476 PMCID: PMC3928369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency. DBA exhibits marked phenotypic variability, commonly presenting with erythroid hypoplasia, less consistently with non-erythroid features. The p53 pathway, activated by abortive ribosome assembly, is hypothesized to contribute to the erythroid failure of DBA. We studied murine embryonic stem (ES) cell lines harboring a gene trap mutation in a ribosomal protein gene, either Rps19 or Rpl5. Both mutants exhibited ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency and polysome defects. Rps19 mutant ES cells showed significant increase in p53 protein expression, however, there was no similar increase in the Rpl5 mutant cells. Embryoid body formation was diminished in both mutants but nonspecifically rescued by knockdown of p53. When embryoid bodies were further differentiated to primitive erythroid colonies, both mutants exhibited a marked reduction in colony formation, which was again nonspecifically rescued by p53 inhibition. Cell cycle analyses were normal in Rps19 mutant ES cells, but there was a significant delay in the G2/M phase in the Rpl5 mutant cells, which was unaffected by p53 knockdown. Concordantly, Rpl5 mutant ES cells had a more pronounced growth defect in liquid culture compared to the Rps19 mutant cells. We conclude that the defects in our RPS19 and RPL5 haploinsufficient mouse ES cells are not adequately explained by p53 stabilization, as p53 knockdown appears to increase the growth and differentiation potential of both parental and mutant cells. Our studies demonstrate that gene trap mouse ES cells are useful tools to study the pathogenesis of DBA.
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Posobiec LM, Clark RL, Bushdid PB, Laffan SB, Wang KF, White TEK. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) Treatment Causes an Arrest of Cell Division and Apoptosis in Rat Embryonic Erythroblasts in Whole Embryo Culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 98:445-58. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul B. Bushdid
- Safety Assessment; GlaxoSmithKline; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Susan B. Laffan
- Safety Assessment; GlaxoSmithKline; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Kai-Fen Wang
- Safety Assessment; GlaxoSmithKline; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
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Shah S, Huang X, Cheng L. Concise review: stem cell-based approaches to red blood cell production for transfusion. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:346-55. [PMID: 24361925 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusion is a common procedure in modern medicine, and it is practiced throughout the world; however, many countries report a less than sufficient blood supply. Even in developed countries where the supply is currently adequate, projected demographics predict an insufficient supply as early as 2050. The blood supply is also strained during occasional widespread disasters and crises. Transfusion of blood components such as red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, or neutrophils is increasingly used from the same blood unit for multiple purposes and to reduce alloimmune responses. Even for RBCs and platelets lacking nuclei and many antigenic cell-surface molecules, alloimmunity could occur, especially in patients with chronic transfusion requirements. Once alloimmunization occurs, such patients require RBCs from donors with a different blood group antigen combination, making it a challenge to find donors after every successive episode of alloimmunization. Alternative blood substitutes such as synthetic oxygen carriers have so far proven unsuccessful. In this review, we focus on current research and technologies that permit RBC production ex vivo from hematopoietic stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, and immortalized erythroid precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shah
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Barasa B, Slijper M. Challenges for red blood cell biomarker discovery through proteomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1844:1003-10. [PMID: 24129076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells are rather unique body cells, since they have lost all organelles when mature, which results in lack of potential to replace proteins that have lost their function. They maintain only a few pathways for obtaining energy and reducing power for the key functions they need to fulfill. This makes RBCs highly sensitive to any aberration. If so, these RBCs are quickly removed from circulation, but if the RBC levels reduce extremely fast, this results in hemolytic anemia. Several causes of HA exist, and proteome analysis is the most straightforward way to obtain deeper insight into RBC functioning under the stress of disease. This should result in discovery of biomarkers, typical for each source of anemia. In this review, several challenges to generate in-depth RBC proteomes are described, like to obtain pure RBCs, to overcome the wide dynamic range in protein expression, and to establish which of the identified/quantified proteins are active in RBCs. The final challenge is to acquire and validate suited biomarkers unique for the changes that occur for each of the clinical questions; in red blood cell aging (also important for transfusion medicine), for thalassemias or sickle cell disease. Biomarkers for other hemolytic anemias that are caused by dysfunction of RBC membrane proteins (the RBC membrane defects) or RBC cytosolic proteins (the enzymopathies) are sometimes even harder to discover, in particular for the patients with RBC rare diseases with unknown cause. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biomarkers: A Proteomic Challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Barasa
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Slijper
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
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