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Dhobale KV, Sahoo L. Identification of mungbean yellow mosaic India virus and susceptibility-related metabolites in the apoplast of mung bean leaves. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:173. [PMID: 38877163 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The investigation of MYMIV-infected mung bean leaf apoplast revealed viral genome presence, increased EVs secretion, and altered stress-related metabolite composition, providing comprehensive insights into plant-virus interactions. The apoplast, an extracellular space around plant cells, plays a vital role in plant-microbe interactions, influencing signaling, defense, and nutrient transport. While the involvement of apoplast and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in RNA virus infection is documented, the role of the apoplast in plant DNA viruses remains unclear. This study explores the apoplast's role in mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) infection. Our findings demonstrate the presence of MYMIV genomic components in apoplastic fluid, suggesting potential begomovirus cell-to-cell movement via the apoplast. Moreover, MYMIV infection induces increased EVs secretion into the apoplast. NMR-based metabolomics reveals altered metabolic profiles in both apoplast and symplast in response to MYMIV infection, highlighting key metabolites associated with stress and defense mechanisms. The data show an elevation of α- and β-glucose in both apoplast and symplast, suggesting a shift in glucose utilization. Interestingly, this increase in glucose does not contribute to the synthesis of phenolic compounds, potentially influencing the susceptibility of mung bean to MYMIV. Fructose levels increase in the symplast, while apoplastic sucrose levels rise significantly. Symplastic aspartate levels increase, while proline exhibits elevated concentration in the apoplast and reduced concentration in the cytosol, suggesting a role in triggering a hypersensitive response. These findings underscore the critical role of the apoplast in begomovirus infection, providing insights for targeted viral disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Vilas Dhobale
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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2
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Jiang P, Han P, He M, Shui G, Guo C, Shah S, Wang Z, Wu H, Li J, Pan Z. Appropriate mowing can promote the growth of Anabasis aphylla through the auxin metabolism pathway. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:482. [PMID: 38822275 PMCID: PMC11141038 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Anabasis aphylla (A. aphylla), a species of the Amaranthaceae family, is widely distributed in northwestern China and has high pharmacological value and ecological functions. However, the growth characteristics are poorly understood, impeding its industrial development for biopesticide development. Here, we explored the regenerative capacity of A. aphylla. To this end, different lengths of the secondary branches of perennial branches were mowed at the end of March before sprouting. The four treatments were no mowing (M0) and mowing 1/3, 2/3, and the entire length of the secondary branches of perennial branches (M1-M3, respectively). Next, to evaluate the compensatory growth after mowing, new assimilate branches' related traits were recorded every 30 days, and the final biomass was recorded. The mowed plants showed a greater growth rate of assimilation branches than un-mowed plants. Additionally, with the increasing mowing degree, the growth rate and the final biomass of assimilation branches showed a decreasing trend, with the greatest growth rate and final biomass in response to M1. To evaluate the mechanism of the compensatory growth after mowing, a combination of dynamic (0, 1, 5, and 8 days after mowing) plant hormone-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed for the M0 and M1 treatment. Overall, 26 plant hormone metabolites were detected, 6 of which significantly increased after mowing compared with control: Indole-3-acetyl-L-valine methyl ester, Indole-3-carboxylic acid, Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, Gibberellin A24, Gibberellin A4, and cis (+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Additionally, 2,402 differentially expressed genes were detected between the mowed plants and controls. By combining clustering analysis based on expression trends after mowing and gene ontology analysis of each cluster, 18 genes related to auxin metabolism were identified, 6 of which were significantly related to auxin synthesis. Our findings suggest that appropriate mowing can promote A. aphylla growth, regulated by the auxin metabolic pathway, and lays the foundation for the development of the industrial value of A. aphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Han
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mengyao He
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guangling Shui
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunping Guo
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sulaiman Shah
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haokai Wu
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Southern Xinjiang Research Institute, Shihezi University, Tumushuk, 843806, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Zhenyuan Pan
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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3
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Kwon H, Kim MY, Yang X, Lee SH. Unveiling synergistic QTLs associated with slow wilting in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:85. [PMID: 38502238 PMCID: PMC10951030 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A stable QTL qSW_Gm10 works with a novel locus, qSW_Gm01, in a synergistic manner for controlling slow-wilting traits at the early vegetative stage under drought stress in soybean. Drought is one of the major environmental factors which limits soybean yield. Slow wilting is a promising trait that can enhance drought resilience in soybean without additional production costs. Recently, a Korean soybean cultivar SS2-2 was reported to exhibit slow wilting at the early vegetative stages. To find genetic loci responsible for slow wilting, in this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from crossing between Taekwangkong (fast-wilting) and SS2-2 (slow-wilting). Wilting score and leaf moisture content were evaluated at the early vegetative stages for three years. Using the ICIM-MET module, a novel QTL on Chr01, qSW_Gm01 was identified, together with a previously known QTL, qSW_Gm10. These two QTLs were found to work synergistically for slow wilting of the RILs under the water-restricted condition. Furthermore, the SNP markers from the SoySNP50K dataset, located within these QTLs, were associated with the wilting phenotype in 30 diverse soybean accessions. Two genes encoding protein kinase 1b and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 were proposed as candidate genes for qSW_Gm01 and qSW_Gm10, respectively, based on a comprehensive examination of sequence variation and gene expression differences in the parental lines under drought conditions. These genes may play a role in slow wilting by optimally regulating stomatal aperture. Our findings provide promising genetic resources for improving drought resilience in soybean and give valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms governing slow wilting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Sinha R, Induri SP, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Tukuli A, Shostak B, Zandalinas SI, Joshi T, Fritschi FB, Mittler R. The transcriptome of soybean reproductive tissues subjected to water deficit, heat stress, and a combination of water deficit and heat stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1064-1080. [PMID: 37006191 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, such as droughts, heat waves, and their combination, inflicting heavy losses to agricultural production. Recent studies revealed that the transcriptomic responses of different crops to water deficit (WD) or heat stress (HS) are very different from that to a combination of WD + HS. In addition, it was found that the effects of WD, HS, and WD + HS are significantly more devastating when these stresses occur during the reproductive growth phase of crops, compared to vegetative growth. As the molecular responses of different reproductive and vegetative tissues of plants to WD, HS, or WD + HS could be different from each other and these differences could impact many current and future attempts to enhance the resilience of crops to climate change through breeding and/or engineering, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of different soybean (Glycine max) tissues to WD, HS, and WD + HS. Here we present a reference transcriptomic dataset that includes the response of soybean leaf, pod, anther, stigma, ovary, and sepal to WD, HS, and WD + HS conditions. Mining this dataset for the expression pattern of different stress response transcripts revealed that each tissue had a unique transcriptomic response to each of the different stress conditions. This finding is important as it suggests that enhancing the overall resilience of crops to climate change could require a coordinated approach that simultaneously alters the expression of different groups of transcripts in different tissues in a stress-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Sinha
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Sai Preethi Induri
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - María Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Adama Tukuli
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Benjamin Shostak
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences, University Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
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Xu K, Jourquin J, Xu X, De Smet I, Fernandez AI, Beeckman T. Dynamic GOLVEN-ROOT GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE signaling in the root cap mediates root gravitropism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:256-273. [PMID: 36747317 PMCID: PMC10152645 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the exploration of the soil, roots interact with their environment and adapt to different conditions. Directional root growth is guided by asymmetric molecular patterns but how these become established or are dynamically regulated is poorly understood. Asymmetric gradients of the phytohormone auxin are established during root gravitropism, mainly through directional transport mediated by polarized auxin transporters. Upon gravistimulation, PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) is differentially distributed and accumulates at the lower root side to facilitate asymmetric auxin transport up to the elongation zone where it inhibits cell elongation. GOLVEN (GLV) peptides function in gravitropism by affecting PIN2 abundance in epidermal cells. In addition, GLV signaling through ROOT GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE (RGI) receptors regulates root apical meristem maintenance. Here, we show that GLV-RGI signaling in these 2 processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) can be mapped to different cells in the root tip and that, in the case of gravitropism, it operates mainly in the lateral root cap (LRC) to maintain PIN2 levels at the plasma membrane (PM). Furthermore, we found that GLV signaling upregulates the phosphorylation level of PIN2 in an RGI-dependent manner. In addition, we demonstrated that the RGI5 receptor is asymmetrically distributed in the LRC and accumulates in the lower side of the LRC after gravistimulation. Asymmetric GLV-RGI signaling in the root cap likely accounts for differential PIN2 abundance at the PM to temporarily support auxin transport up to the elongation zone, thereby representing an additional level of control on the asymmetrical auxin flux to mediate differential growth of the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Jourquin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana I Fernandez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Pasternak T, Palme K, Pérez-Pérez JM. Role of reactive oxygen species in the modulation of auxin flux and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:83-95. [PMID: 36700340 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in plant biology, acting as important signal transduction molecules and as toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism that accumulate in cells upon exposure to different stressors and lead to cell death. In plants, root architecture is regulated by the distribution and intercellular flow of the phytohormone auxin. In this study, we identified ROS as an important modulator of auxin distribution and response in the root. ROS production is necessary for root growth, proper tissue patterning, cell growth, and lateral root (LR) induction. Alterations in ROS balance led to altered auxin distribution and response in SOD and RHD2 loss-of-function mutants. Treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with additional sources of ROS (hydrogen peroxide) or an ROS production inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium) induced phenocopies of the mutants studied. Simultaneous application of auxin and ROS increased LR primordia induction, and PIN-FORMED protein immunolocalization further demonstrated the existing link between auxin and ROS in orchestrating cell division and auxin flux during root development. In Arabidopsis roots, genetic alterations in ROS balance led to defective auxin distribution and growth-related responses in roots. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide alters the establishment of the endogenous auxin gradient in the root meristem through regulation of PIN-FORMED polarity, while the simultaneous application of hydrogen peroxide and auxin enhanced LR induction in a dose- and position-dependent manner through activation of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Pasternak
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for BioSystems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
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7
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Parveen N, Kandhol N, Sharma S, Singh VP, Chauhan DK, Ludwig-Müller J, Corpas FJ, Tripathi DK. Auxin Crosstalk with Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1814-1825. [PMID: 36208156 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin acts as an important signaling molecule having regulatory functions during the growth and development of plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also known to perform signaling functions at low concentrations; however, over-accumulation of ROS due to various environmental stresses damages the biomolecules and cell structures and leads to cell death, and therefore, it can be said that ROS act as a double-edged sword. Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous signaling molecule, performs a wide range of favorable roles in plants. NO displays its positive role in photomorphogenesis, root growth, leaf expansion, seed germination, stomatal closure, senescence, fruit maturation, mitochondrial activity and metabolism of iron. Studies have revealed the early existence of these crucial molecules during evolution. Moreover, auxin, ROS and NO together show their involvement in various developmental processes and abiotic stress tolerance. Redox signaling is a primary response during exposure of plants to stresses and shows a link with auxin signaling. This review provides updated information related to crosstalk between auxin, ROS and NO starting from their evolution during early Earth periods and their interaction in plant growth and developmental processes as well as in the case of abiotic stresses to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Parveen
- Department of Botany, D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India
| | - Nidhi Kandhol
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj-211004, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Laboratory, CMP, Degree Collage, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Botany, D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Professor Albareda, 1, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
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8
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Mitochondrial HSC70-1 Regulates Polar Auxin Transport through ROS Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Roots. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102035. [PMID: 36290758 PMCID: PMC9598091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis mitochondrial-localized heat shock protein 70-1 (mtHSC70-1) modulates vegetative growth by assisting mitochondrial complex IV assembly and maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. In addition, mtHSC70-1 affects embryo development, and this effect is mediated by auxin. However, whether mtHSC70-1 regulates vegetative growth through auxin and knowledge of the link between ROS homeostasis and auxin distribution remain unclear. Here, we found that mtHSC70-1 knockout seedlings (mthsc70-1a) displayed shortened roots, decreased fresh root weight and lateral root number, increased root width and abnormal root morphology. The introduction of the mtHSC70-1 gene into mthsc70-1a restored the growth and development of roots to the level of the wild type. However, sugar and auxin supplementation could not help the mutant roots restore to normal. Moreover, mthsc70-1a seedlings showed a decrease in meristem length and activity, auxin transport carrier (PINs and AUX1) and auxin abundances in root tips. The application of exogenous reducing agents upregulated the levels of PINs in the mutant roots. The introduction of antioxidant enzyme genes (MSD1 or CAT1) into the mthsc70-1a mutant rescued the PIN and local auxin abundances and root growth and development. Taken together, our data suggest that mtHSC70-1 regulates polar auxin transport through ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis roots.
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9
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Sipari N, Lihavainen J, Keinänen M. Metabolite Profiling of Paraquat Tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana Radical-induced Cell Death1 ( rcd1)-A Mediator of Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102034. [PMID: 36290757 PMCID: PMC9598866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) is an Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear protein that is disrupted during oxidative stress. RCD1 is considered an important integrative node in development and stress responses, and the rcd1 plants have several phenotypes and altered resistance to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses. One of the phenotypes of rcd1 is resistance to the herbicide paraquat, but the mechanisms behind it are unknown. Paraquat causes a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) initially in the chloroplast. We performed multi-platform metabolomic analyses in wild type Col-0 and paraquat resistant rcd1 plants to identify pathways conveying resistance and the function of RCD1 in this respect. Wild type and rcd1 plants were clearly distinguished by their abundance of antioxidants and specialized metabolites and their responses to paraquat. The lack of response in rcd1 suggested constitutively active defense against ROS via elevated flavonoid, glutathione, β-carotene, and tocopherol levels, whereas its ascorbic acid levels were compromised under non-stressed control conditions when compared to Col-0. We propose that RCD1 acts as a hub that maintains basal antioxidant system, and its inactivation induces defense responses by enhancing the biosynthesis and redox cycling of low molecular weight antioxidants and specialized metabolites with profound antioxidant activities alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Universitet, 90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.K.)
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10
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Du Y, Roldan MVG, Haraghi A, Haili N, Izhaq F, Verdenaud M, Boualem A, Bendahmane A. Spatially expressed WIP genes control Arabidopsis embryonic root development. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:635-645. [PMID: 35710883 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of plant organs is a highly organized process. In Arabidopsis, proper root development requires that distinct cell types and tissue layers are specified and formed in a restricted manner in space and over time. Despite its importance, genetic controls underlying such regularity remain elusive. Here we found that WIP genes expressed in the embryo and suspensor functionally oppose those expressed in the surrounding maternal tissues to orchestrate cell division orientation and cell fate specification in the embryonic root, thereby promoting regular root formation. The maternal WIPs act non-cell autonomously to repress root cell fate specification through SIMILAR TO RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH ONE (SRO) family members. When losing all WIPs, root cells divide irregularly in the early embryo, but this barely alters their fate specification and the morphology of post-embryonic roots. Our results reveal cross-communication between the embryonic and maternal WIPs in controlling root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Du
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAE, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Evry, University of Paris Cité, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Maria Victoria Gomez Roldan
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAE, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Evry, University of Paris Cité, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Aimen Haraghi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAE, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Evry, University of Paris Cité, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nawel Haili
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAE, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Evry, University of Paris Cité, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Farhaj Izhaq
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAE, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Evry, University of Paris Cité, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marion Verdenaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAE, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Evry, University of Paris Cité, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Adnane Boualem
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAE, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Evry, University of Paris Cité, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAE, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Evry, University of Paris Cité, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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11
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Cortleven A, Roeber VM, Frank M, Bertels J, Lortzing V, Beemster GTS, Schmülling T. Photoperiod Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana Induces a Transcriptional Response Resembling That of Pathogen Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:838284. [PMID: 35646013 PMCID: PMC9134115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.838284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to regular diurnal rhythms of light and dark. Changes in the photoperiod by the prolongation of the light period cause photoperiod stress in short day-adapted Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report on the transcriptional response to photoperiod stress of wild-type A. thaliana and photoperiod stress-sensitive cytokinin signaling and clock mutants and identify a core set of photoperiod stress-responsive genes. Photoperiod stress caused altered expression of numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes. Photoperiod stress-sensitive mutants displayed similar, but stronger transcriptomic changes than wild-type plants. The alterations showed a strong overlap with those occurring in response to ozone stress, pathogen attack and flagellin peptide (flg22)-induced PAMP triggered immunity (PTI), which have in common the induction of an apoplastic oxidative burst. Interestingly, photoperiod stress triggers transcriptional changes in jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and signaling and results in increased JA, SA and camalexin levels. These responses are typically observed after pathogen infections. Consequently, photoperiod stress increased the resistance of Arabidopsis plants to a subsequent infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. In summary, we show that photoperiod stress causes transcriptional reprogramming resembling plant pathogen defense responses and induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the absence of a pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cortleven
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Venja M. Roeber
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Frank
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bertels
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vivien Lortzing
- Institute of Biology/Applied Zoology—Animal Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerrit T. S. Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Yu B, Ming F, Liang Y, Wang Y, Gan Y, Qiu Z, Yan S, Cao B. Heat Stress Resistance Mechanisms of Two Cucumber Varieties from Different Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031817. [PMID: 35163740 PMCID: PMC8837171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperatures affect the yield and quality of vegetable crops. Unlike thermosensitive plants, thermotolerant plants have excellent systems for withstanding heat stress. This study evaluated various heat resistance indexes of the thermotolerant cucumber (TT) and thermosensitive cucumber (TS) plants at the seedling stage. The similarities and differences between the regulatory genes were assessed through transcriptome analysis to understand the mechanisms for heat stress resistance in cucumber. The TT plants exhibited enhanced leaf status, photosystem, root viability, and ROS scavenging under high temperature compared to the TS plants. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that the genes involved in photosynthesis, the chlorophyll metabolism, and defense responses were upregulated in TT plants but downregulated in TS plants. Zeatin riboside (ZR), brassinosteroid (BR), and jasmonic acid (JA) levels were higher in TT plants than in TS. The heat stress increased gibberellic acid (GA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels in both plant lines; however, the level of GA was higher in TT. Correlation and interaction analyses revealed that heat cucumber heat resistance is regulated by a few transcription factor family genes and metabolic pathways. Our study revealed different phenotypic and physiological mechanisms of the heat response by the thermotolerant and thermosensitive cucumber plants. The plants were also shown to exhibit different expression profiles and metabolic pathways. The heat resistant pathways and genes of two cucumber varieties were also identified. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cucumber response to high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fangyan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yonggui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (B.C.)
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13
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Sharma P, Gayen D. Plant protease as regulator and signaling molecule for enhancing environmental stress-tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2081-2095. [PMID: 34173047 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Plant proteases are key regulators of various physiological processes, including protein homeostasis, organelle development, senescence, seed germination, protein processing, environmental stress response, and programmed cell death. Proteases are involved in the breakdown of peptide bonds resulting in irreversible posttranslational modification of the protein. Proteases act as signaling molecules that specifically regulate cellular function by cleaving and triggering receptor molecules. Peptides derived from proteolysis regulate ROS signaling under oxidative stress in the plant. It degrades misfolded and abnormal proteins into amino acids to repair the cell damage and regulates the biological process in response to environmental stress. Proteases modulate the biogenesis of phytohormones which control plant growth, development, and environmental stresses. Protein homeostasis, the overall balance between protein synthesis and proteolysis, is required for plant growth and development. Abiotic and biotic stresses are major factors that negatively impact cellular survivability, biomass production, and reduced crop yield potentials. Therefore, the identification of various stress-responsive proteases and their molecular functions may elucidate valuable information for the development of stress-resilient crops with higher yield potentials. However, the understanding of molecular mechanisms of plant protease remains unexplored. This review provides an overview of proteases related to development, signaling, and growth regulation to acclimatize environmental stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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14
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Zhang P, Zhang H, Wu G, Chen X, Gruda N, Li X, Dong J, Duan Z. Dose-Dependent Application of Straw-Derived Fulvic Acid on Yield and Quality of Tomato Plants Grown in a Greenhouse. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:736613. [PMID: 34707627 PMCID: PMC8542715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acids are organic compounds widely distributed in soils, and the application of fulvic acids is thought to increase crop yield and quality. However, the effects vary among various sources and doses of fulvic acids and environmental and growth conditions of crops. Here, we investigated the effects of bioresource-derived (corn straw) fulvic acids on plant production and quality of tomato plants and soil chemical properties in soil cultures while experiments on seed germination and hydroponics were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism. Base dressing with 2.7 g kg-1 increased the yield of tomato by 35.0% at most as increased fruit number. Fulvic acids increased the concentrations of minerals, such as Ca, Fe, and Zn and the concentrations of citric, malic, and some amino acids in berries of tomato but did not affect the concentrations of soluble sugars and aromatic substances in tomato fruits. Similarly, fulvic acids at 80-160 mg L-1 increased germination rate, growth vigor, and radicle elongation of tomato seeds while it increased plant biomass, concentrations of nutrients, and root length of tomato plants in hydroponics to the greatest extent in general. The increases in yield and quality can be attributed to the improvement in root growth and, thus, increased nutrient uptake. In addition, the base application of fulvic acids improved soil cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter to an extent. In conclusion, base dressing and the addition into solution of fulvic acids at moderate doses facilitate root growth and nutrient uptake and, thus, vegetable production and quality; therefore, fulvic acids can be an effective component for designing new biofertilizers for sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing, China
| | - Nazim Gruda
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Division of Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengqiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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15
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Hasan MM, Rahman MA, Skalicky M, Alabdallah NM, Waseem M, Jahan MS, Ahammed GJ, El-Mogy MM, El-Yazied AA, Ibrahim MFM, Fang XW. Ozone Induced Stomatal Regulations, MAPK and Phytohormone Signaling in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126304. [PMID: 34208343 PMCID: PMC8231235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a gaseous environmental pollutant that can enter leaves through stomatal pores and cause damage to foliage. It can induce oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that can actively participate in stomatal closing or opening in plants. A number of phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) are involved in stomatal regulation in plants. The effects of ozone on these phytohormones’ ability to regulate the guard cells of stomata have been little studied, however, and the goal of this paper is to explore and understand the effects of ozone on stomatal regulation through guard cell signaling by phytohormones. In this review, we updated the existing knowledge by considering several physiological mechanisms related to stomatal regulation after response to ozone. The collected information should deepen our understanding of the molecular pathways associated with response to ozone stress, in particular, how it influences stomatal regulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and phytohormone signaling. After summarizing the findings and noting the gaps in the literature, we present some ideas for future research on ozone stress in plants
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Md. Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 383, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Mohamed M. El-Mogy
- Vegetable Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Abou El-Yazied
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.M.H.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Morales LO, Shapiguzov A, Safronov O, Leppälä J, Vaahtera L, Yarmolinsky D, Kollist H, Brosché M. Ozone responses in Arabidopsis: beyond stomatal conductance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:180-192. [PMID: 33624812 PMCID: PMC8154098 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant that decreases yield of important crops worldwide. Despite long-lasting research of its negative effects on plants, there are many gaps in our knowledge on how plants respond to O3. In this study, we used natural variation in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to characterize molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying O3 sensitivity. A key parameter in models for O3 damage is stomatal uptake. Here we show that the extent of O3 damage in the sensitive Arabidopsis accession Shahdara (Sha) does not correspond with O3 uptake, pointing toward stomata-independent mechanisms for the development of O3 damage. We compared tolerant (Col-0) versus sensitive accessions (Sha, Cvi-0) in assays related to photosynthesis, cell death, antioxidants, and transcriptional regulation. Acute O3 exposure increased cell death, development of lesions in the leaves, and decreased photosynthesis in sensitive accessions. In both Sha and Cvi-0, O3-induced lesions were associated with decreased maximal chlorophyll fluorescence and low quantum yield of electron transfer from Photosystem II to plastoquinone. However, O3-induced repression of photosynthesis in these two O3-sensitive accessions developed in different ways. We demonstrate that O3 sensitivity in Arabidopsis is influenced by genetic diversity given that Sha and Cvi-0 developed accession-specific transcriptional responses to O3. Our findings advance the understanding of plant responses to O3 and set a framework for future studies to characterize molecular and physiological mechanisms allowing plants to respond to high O3 levels in the atmosphere as a result of high air pollution and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Morales
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Science & Technology, The Life Science Center-Biology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexey Shapiguzov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Omid Safronov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Leppälä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Wang R, Li R, Cheng L, Wang X, Fu X, Dong X, Qi M, Jiang C, Xu T, Li T. SlERF52 regulates SlTIP1;1 expression to accelerate tomato pedicel abscission. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1829-1846. [PMID: 33638643 PMCID: PMC8133580 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abscission of plant organs is induced by developmental signals and diverse environmental stimuli and involves multiple regulatory networks, including biotic or abiotic stress-impaired auxin flux in the abscission zone (AZ). Depletion of auxin activates AZ ethylene (ETH) production and triggers acceleration of abscission, a process that requires hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the interaction between these networks and the underlying mechanisms that control abscission are poorly understood. Here, we found that expression of tonoplast intrinsic proteins, which belong to the aquaporin (AQP) family in the AZ was important for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pedicel abscission. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and in situ hybridization revealed that SlTIP1;1 was most abundant and specifically present in the tomato pedicel AZ. SlTIP1;1 localized in the plasma membrane and tonoplast. Knockout of SlTIP1;1 resulted in delayed abscission, whereas overexpression of SlTIP1;1 accelerated abscission. Further analysis indicated that SlTIP1;1 mediated abscission via gating of cytoplasmic H2O2 concentrations and osmotic water permeability (Pf). Elevated cytoplasmic levels of H2O2 caused a suppressed auxin signal in the early abscission stage and enhanced ETH production during abscission. Furthermore, we found that increasing Pf was required to enhance the turgor pressure to supply the break force for AZ cell separation. Moreover, we observed that SlERF52 bound directly to the SlTIP1;1 promoter to regulate its expression, demonstrating a positive loop in which cytoplasmic H2O2 activates ETH production, which activates SlERF52. This, in turn, induces SlTIP1;1, which leads to elevated cytoplasmic H2O2 and water influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Fu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiufen Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Caizhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Research Service, California, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, California, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Author for communication:
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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18
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Figueiredo J, Cavaco AR, Guerra-Guimarães L, Leclercq C, Renaut J, Cunha J, Eiras-Dias J, Cordeiro C, Matos AR, Sousa Silva M, Figueiredo A. An apoplastic fluid extraction method for the characterization of grapevine leaves proteome and metabolome from a single sample. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:343-357. [PMID: 32860657 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of complex biological systems keeps challenging researchers. The main goal of systems biology is to decipher interactions within cells, by integrating datasets from large scale analytical approaches including transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and more specialized 'OMICS' such as epigenomics and lipidomics. Studying different cellular compartments allows a broader understanding of cell dynamics. Plant apoplast, the cellular compartment external to the plasma membrane including the cell wall, is particularly demanding to analyze. Despite our knowledge on apoplast involvement on several processes from cell growth to stress responses, its dynamics is still poorly known due to the lack of efficient extraction processes adequate to each plant system. Analyzing woody plants such as grapevine raises even more challenges. Grapevine is among the most important fruit crops worldwide and a wider characterization of its apoplast is essential for a deeper understanding of its physiology and cellular mechanisms. Here, we describe, for the first time, a vacuum-infiltration-centrifugation method that allows a simultaneous extraction of grapevine apoplastic proteins and metabolites from leaves on a single sample, compatible with high-throughput mass spectrometry analyses. The extracted apoplast from two grapevine cultivars, Vitis vinifera cv 'Trincadeira' and 'Regent', was directly used for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. The proteome was analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS and more than 700 common proteins were identified, with highly diverse biological functions. The metabolome profile through FT-ICR-MS allowed the identification of 514 unique putative compounds revealing a broad spectrum of molecular classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Cavaco
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Guerra-Guimarães
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Céline Leclercq
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jorge Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - José Eiras-Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Wang Z, Rong D, Chen D, Xiao Y, Liu R, Wu S, Yamamuro C. Salicylic acid promotes quiescent center cell division through ROS accumulation and down-regulation of PLT1, PLT2, and WOX5. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:583-596. [PMID: 33017089 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in plant immunity. However, its function in plant development is poorly understood. The quiescent center (QC), which maintains columella stem cells (CSCs) in the root apical meristem and typically exhibits low levels of cell division, is critical for root growth and development. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana SA overaccumulation mutant constitutively activated cell death 1 (cad1), which exhibits increased cell division in the QC, is rescued by additional mutations in genes encoding the SA biosynthetic enzyme SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFFICIENT2 (SID2) or the SA receptor NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES1 (NPR1), indicating that QC cell division in the cad1 mutant is promoted by the NPR1-dependent SA signaling pathway. The application of exogenous SA also promoted QC cell division in wild-type plants in a dose-dependent manner and largely suppressed the expression of genes involved in QC maintenance, including those encoding the APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and PLT2, as well as the homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5). Moreover, we showed that SA promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is necessary for the QC cell division phenotype in the cad1 mutant. These results provide insight into the function of SA in QC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Duoyan Rong
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Centre of Lily Germplasm Resource in Novation and Deep Processing, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Dixing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chizuko Yamamuro
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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20
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Han L, Yang G, Qin Y, Wang H, Cao M, Luo J. Impact of O 3 on the phytoremediation effect of Celosia argentea in decontaminating Cd. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128940. [PMID: 33218720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric O3 can inhibit the growth rate of various plants and increase metal content in their tissues owing to the oxidative damage, thereby affecting their phytoremediation efficiency. In this study, a series of O3 fumigation treatments were designed to evaluate the dry weight, Cd content, and transpiration rate responses of Celosia argentea to different levels of O3 (40, 50, 55, 60, 65, and 80 ppb). The dry weight of C. argentea decreased as the atmospheric O3 level increased, and the Cd concentration of the plant leaves increased until the level of O3 reached 60 ppb before decreasing slightly. The variations in the transpiration rate followed a similar trend to the Cd content under different O3 levels. The phytoremediation efficiency of C. argentea increased with O3 fumigation at low (50 ppb) and moderate (55 and 60 ppb) levels, and significantly decreased at the highest level. The regression curves indicated that the plant species treated with 52 ppb of O3 exhibited the highest Cd accumulation capacity. Overall, the phytoremediation effect of C. argentea cultivated in Cd-polluted soil might be improved under the high-O3 conditions. This result might help to choose suitable plants for soil remediation in future atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Han
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Qin
- The Laboratory of the Fifth Brigade of Guangdong Geological Bureau, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Hanfei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Grabsztunowicz M, Rantala M, Ivanauskaite A, Blomster T, Koskela MM, Vuorinen K, Tyystjärvi E, Burow M, Overmyer K, Mähönen AP, Mulo P. Root-type ferredoxin-NADP + oxidoreductase isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana: Expression patterns, location and stress responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:548-558. [PMID: 33131061 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, two leaf-type ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (LFNR) isoforms function in photosynthetic electron flow in reduction of NADP+ , while two root-type FNR (RFNR) isoforms catalyse reduction of ferredoxin in non-photosynthetic plastids. As the key to understanding, the function of RFNRs might lie in their spatial and temporal distribution in different plant tissues and cell types, we examined expression of RFNR1 and RFNR2 genes using β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter lines and investigated accumulation of distinct RFNR isoforms using a GFP approach and Western blotting upon various stresses. We show that while RFNR1 promoter is active in leaf veins, root tips and in the stele of roots, RFNR2 promoter activity is present in leaf tips and root stele, epidermis and cortex. RFNR1 protein accumulates as a soluble protein within the plastids of root stele cells, while RFNR2 is mainly present in the outer root layers. Ozone treatment of plants enhanced accumulation of RFNR1, whereas low temperature treatment specifically affected RFNR2 accumulation in roots. We further discuss the physiological roles of RFNR1 and RFNR2 based on characterization of rfnr1 and rfnr2 knock-out plants and show that although the function of these proteins is partly redundant, the RFNR proteins are essential for plant development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Grabsztunowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Rantala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aiste Ivanauskaite
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Blomster
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna M Koskela
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katariina Vuorinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari P Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Mulo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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22
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Vuorinen K, Zamora O, Vaahtera L, Overmyer K, Brosché M. Dissecting Contrasts in Cell Death, Hormone, and Defense Signaling in Response to Botrytis cinerea and Reactive Oxygen Species. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:75-87. [PMID: 33006531 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0202-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants require interaction between signaling pathways to differentiate and integrate stress responses and deploy appropriate defenses. The hormones ethylene, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) are important regulators of plant defenses. Numerous interactions between these signaling pathways are the cornerstone of robust plant immunity. Additionally, during the early response to pathogens, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules. Here, we examined the extent of signal interaction in the early stages of Botrytis cinerea infection. To enable a comparison between B. cinerea infection with ROS signaling, we subjected plants to ozone treatment, which stimulates an apoplastic ROS burst. We used a collection of single, double, and triple signaling mutants defective in hormone signaling and biosynthesis and subjected them to B. cinerea infection and ozone treatment at different timepoints. We examined lesion size, cell death, and gene expression (both quantitatively and spatially). The two treatments shared many similarities, especially in JA-insensitive mutants, which were sensitive to both treatments. Unexpectedly, a B. cinerea-susceptible JA-insensitive mutant (coi1), became tolerant when both SA biosynthesis and signaling was impaired (coi1 npr1 sid2), demonstrating that JA responses may be under the control of SA. Extensive marker gene analysis indicated JA as the main regulator of both B. cinerea and ozone defenses. In addition, we identified the transcription factor SR1 as a crucial regulator of PLANT DEFENSIN expression and cell-death regulation, which contributes to resistance to B. cinerea. Overall, our work further defines the context of ROS in plant defense signaling.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Vuorinen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre and Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00013 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olena Zamora
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Viikki Plant Science Centre and Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00013 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Viikki Plant Science Centre and Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00013 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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23
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Demecsová L, Zelinová V, Liptáková Ľ, Valentovičová K, Tamás L. Indole-3-butyric acid priming reduced cadmium toxicity in barley root tip via NO generation and enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity. PLANTA 2020; 252:46. [PMID: 32885283 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of GPX and enhanced NO level play a key role in IBA-mediated enhanced Cd tolerance in young barley roots. Application of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or an IAA precursor improves the tolerance of plants to heavy metals. However, the physiology of these tolerance mechanisms remains largely unknown. Therefore, we studied the priming effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), an IAA precursor, on mild and severe cadmium (Cd) stress-induced responses in roots of young barley seedlings. IBA, similarly to mild Cd stress, significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in the apexes of barley roots, which remained elevated after the IBA pretreatment as well. IBA pretreatment-evoked high nitric oxide generation in roots effectively reduced the high superoxide level under the severe Cd stress, leading to less toxic peroxynitrite accumulation accompanied by markedly reduced Cd-induced cell death. On the other hand, the IBA-evoked changes in IAA homeostasis resulted in root growth reorientation from longitudinal elongation to radial swelling. However, the application of an IAA signaling inhibitor, following the activation of defense responses by IBA, was able to promote root growth even at high concentrations of Cd. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the application of IBA, as an effective activator of Cd tolerance mechanisms in young barley roots, and the subsequent use of an IAA signaling inhibitor for the inhibition of root morphogenic responses induced by altered auxin metabolism, results in a high degree of root Cd tolerance, helping it to withstand even the transient exposure to lethal Cd concentration without the absolute inhibition of root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Zelinová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubica Liptáková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Valentovičová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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24
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Naguib DM, Nabil Abdelraouf AM. Onion dry scales extract induce resistance against bacterial wilt in eggplant through improving polyamines and antioxidant metabolism. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Nazir F, Fariduddin Q, Khan TA. Hydrogen peroxide as a signalling molecule in plants and its crosstalk with other plant growth regulators under heavy metal stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126486. [PMID: 32234629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a significant regulatory component interrelated with signal transduction in plants. The positive role of H2O2 in plants subjected to myriad of abiotic factors has led us to comprehend that it is not only a free radical, generated as a product of oxidative stress, but also helpful in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in crop plants. Studies over the last two centuries has indicated that H2O2 is a key molecule which regulate photosynthesis, stomatal movement, pollen growth, fruit and flower development and leaf senescence. Exogenously-sourced H2O2 at nanomolar levels functions as a signalling molecule, facilitates seed germination, chlorophyll content, stomatal opening, and delays senescence, while at elevated levels, it triggers oxidative burst to organic molecules, which could lead to cell death. Furthermore, H2O2 is also known to interplay synergistically or antagonistically with other plant growth regulators such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, nitric oxide and Ca2+ (as signalling molecules), and brassinosteroids (steroidal PGRs) under myriad of environmental stresses and thus, mediate plant growth and development and reactions to abiotic factors. The purpose of this review is to specify accessible knowledge on the role and dynamic mechanisms of H2O2 in mediating growth responses and plant resilience to HM stresses, and its crosstalk with other significant PGRs in controlling various processes. More recently, signal transduction by mitogen activated protein kinases and other transcription factors which attenuate HM stresses in plants have also been dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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26
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Huang A, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang G, She X. Reactive oxygen species regulate auxin levels to mediate adventitious root induction in Arabidopsis hypocotyl cuttings. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:912-926. [PMID: 31490027 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation from leafy stem cuttings is critical for breeding of many forest and horticultural species. In addition to the plant hormone auxin, wound-induced signaling caused by the cutting excision is also essential for AR initiation. Here we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are rapidly generated at the excision site as a wound-induced signal and propagated throughout the hypocotyl cutting after excision of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary root. ROS propagation was not observed in the presence of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium chloride) or in a knockout mutant of the NADPH oxidase gene respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D (RBOHD). Respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D was specifically upregulated in hypocotyl cuttings at 0.5 h post excision (hpe). Together, these data suggest that RBOHD mediates ROS propagation in hypocotyl cuttings. We also found that auxin levels increased significantly in the shoot apex at 5 hpe and at the base of the cutting at 6 hpe; these effects were blocked by treatment with ROS scavengers. Consistent with this, transcript levels of auxin biosynthesis and polar-transport genes generally increased between 1 to 6 hpe. Collectively, our results suggest that wound-induced ROS participate in AR induction through regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yongshun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaoping She
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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27
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Rai N, O'Hara A, Farkas D, Safronov O, Ratanasopa K, Wang F, Lindfors AV, Jenkins GI, Lehto T, Salojärvi J, Brosché M, Strid Å, Aphalo PJ, Morales LO. The photoreceptor UVR8 mediates the perception of both UV-B and UV-A wavelengths up to 350 nm of sunlight with responsivity moderated by cryptochromes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1513-1527. [PMID: 32167576 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The photoreceptors UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) and CRYPTOCHROMES 1 and 2 (CRYs) play major roles in the perception of UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-A/blue radiation (315-500 nm), respectively. However, it is poorly understood how they function in sunlight. The roles of UVR8 and CRYs were assessed in a factorial experiment with Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and photoreceptor mutants exposed to sunlight for 6 or 12 hr under five types of filters with cut-offs in UV and blue-light regions. Transcriptome-wide responses triggered by UV-B and UV-A wavelengths shorter than 350 nm (UV-Asw ) required UVR8 whereas those induced by blue and UV-A wavelengths longer than 350 nm (UV-Alw ) required CRYs. UVR8 modulated gene expression in response to blue light while lack of CRYs drastically enhanced gene expression in response to UV-B and UV-Asw . These results agree with our estimates of photons absorbed by these photoreceptors in sunlight and with in vitro monomerization of UVR8 by wavelengths up to 335 nm. Motif enrichment analysis predicted complex signaling downstream of UVR8 and CRYs. Our results highlight that it is important to use UV waveband definitions specific to plants' photomorphogenesis as is routinely done in the visible region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew O'Hara
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Farkas
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Omid Safronov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Khuanpiroon Ratanasopa
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Fang Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders V Lindfors
- Meteorological Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gareth I Jenkins
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tarja Lehto
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Strid
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis O Morales
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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28
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Kućko A, Wilmowicz E, Pokora W, Alché JDD. Disruption of the Auxin Gradient in the Abscission Zone Area Evokes Asymmetrical Changes Leading to Flower Separation in Yellow Lupine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3815. [PMID: 32471291 PMCID: PMC7312349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How auxin transport regulates organ abscission is a long-standing and intriguing question. Polar auxin transport across the abscission zone (AZ) plays a more important role in the regulation of abscission than a local concentration of this hormone. We recently reported the existence of a spatiotemporal sequential pattern of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) localization in the area of the yellow lupine AZ, which is a place of flower detachment. In this study, we performed analyses of AZ following treatment with an inhibitor of polar auxin transport (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)). Once we applied TIBA directly onto the AZ, we observed a strong response as demonstrated by enhanced flower abscission. To elucidate the molecular events caused by the inhibition of auxin movement, we divided the AZ into the distal and proximal part. TIBA triggered the formation of the IAA gradient between these two parts. The AZ-marker genes, which encode the downstream molecular components of the inflorescence deficient in abscission (IDA)-signaling system executing the abscission, were expressed in the distal part. The accumulation of IAA in the proximal area accelerated the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and ethylene (stimulators of flower separation), which was also reflected at the transcriptional level. Accumulated IAA up-regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification mechanisms. Collectively, we provide new information regarding auxin-regulated processes operating in specific areas of the AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Juan De Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain;
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29
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Wingler A, Tijero V, Müller M, Yuan B, Munné-Bosch S. Interactions between sucrose and jasmonate signalling in the response to cold stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:176. [PMID: 32321430 PMCID: PMC7178619 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonates play an important role in plant stress and defence responses and are also involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in response to sucrose availability. Here we explore the signalling interactions between sucrose and jasmonates in response to cold stress in Arabidopsis. RESULTS Sucrose and cold treatments increased anthocyanin content additively. Comprehensive profiling of phytohormone contents demonstrated that jasmonates, salicylic acid and abscisic acid contents increased in response to sucrose treatment in plants grown on agar, but remained considerably lower than in plants grown in compost. The gibberellin GA3 accumulated in response to sucrose treatment but only at warm temperature. The role of jasmonate signalling was explored using the jasmonate response mutants jar1-1 and coi1-16. While the jar1-1 mutant lacked jasmonate-isoleucine and jasmonate-leucine, it accumulated 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid at low temperature on agar medium. Altered patterns of abscisic acid accumulation and higher sugar contents were found in the coi1-16 mutant when grown in compost. Both mutants were able to accumulate anthocyanin and to cold acclimate, but the jar-1-1 mutant showed a larger initial drop in whole-rosette photosystem II efficiency upon transfer to low temperature. CONCLUSIONS Hormone contents are determined by interactions between temperature and sucrose supply. Some of these effects may be caused indirectly through senescence initiation in response to sucrose availability. During cold stress, the adjustments of hormone contents may compensate for impaired jasmonate signalling, enabling cold acclimation and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis jasmonate response mutants, e.g. through antagonistic interactions between gibberellin and jasmonate signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wingler
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Verónica Tijero
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benqi Yuan
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Present address: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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The Effect of Auxin and Auxin-Producing Bacteria on the Growth, Essential Oil Yield, and Composition in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:564-577. [PMID: 32080752 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic plants had been used since ancient times for their preservative and medicinal properties, and to impart aroma and flavor to food. Also their secondary metabolites are economically important as drugs, flavor and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dye, and pigments, pesticides, cosmetics, food additives, other industrially biochemical, and also play a major role in the adaptation of plants to their environment. Indole acetıc acid-producing rhizobacteria inoculations increase in stomatal density and level of secondary metabolite and have a synergistic effect on monoterpene biosynthesis. Bacterial inoculation significantly affected and increased the chemical composition of essential oil, citronellol, and geraniol content in rose-scented geranium; essential oil composition and total phenolic content in marigold; density, number, and size of glandular trichomes in sweet wormwood and peppermint essential oil components such as geranyl acetate, limonene, and β-pinene in coriander; oil yield and content in calendula; yield of the herb in hyssop; oxygenated compounds, essential oil content and yield, anethol and changing the chemical composition in fennel; growth, number of glandular trichomes and essential oil yield, root branching and length, and total amount of essential oil, production of monoterpenes such as pulegone, menthol, menthone, menthofuran, and terpineol content, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in peppermint; growth and essential oil yield in marjoram; glandular hair abundance, essential oil yield, and monoterpene biosynthesis in basil; phellandrene, limonene, borneol, and campor in rosemary; carvacrol, thymol, linalool, and borneol in oregano; and α-thujene, α-pinene, α-terpinene, p-simen, β-pinene, and γ-terpinene contents and essential oil yield in summer savory. Inoculation with IAA-producing bacteria medicinal roots increased the valerenic acid in valerian, essential oil and quality in vetiver, curcumin content in turmeric alkaloid and ginsenoside content in ginseng, and inulin content in Jerusalem artichoke.
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Velada I, Cardoso H, Porfirio S, Peixe A. Expression Profile of PIN-Formed Auxin Efflux Carrier Genes during IBA-Induced In Vitro Adventitious Rooting in Olea europaea L. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020185. [PMID: 32028698 PMCID: PMC7076448 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous auxins supplementation plays a central role in the formation of adventitious roots (AR) for several plant species. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of adventitious rooting are still not completely understood and many plants with economic value, including several olive cultivars, exhibit a recalcitrant behavior towards cutting propagation, which limits its availability in plant nurseries. PIN-formed proteins are auxin efflux transporters that have been widely characterized in several plant species due to their involvement in many developmental processes including root formation. The present study profiled the expression of the OePIN1a-c, OePIN2b, OePIN3a-c, OePIN5a-c, OePIN6, and OePIN8 gene members during indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-induced in vitro adventitious rooting using the olive cultivar ‘Galega vulgar’. Gene expression analysis by quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) showed drastic downregulation of most transcripts, just a few hours after explant inoculation, in both nontreated and IBA-treated microcuttings, albeit gene downregulation was less pronounced in IBA-treated stems. In contrast, OePIN2b showed a distinct expression pattern being upregulated in both conditions, and OePIN5b was highly upregulated in IBA-induced stems. All transcripts, except OePIN8, showed different expression profiles between nontreated and IBA-treated explants throughout the rooting experiment. Additionally, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed soon after explant preparation, decreasing a few hours after inoculation. Altogether, the results suggest that wounding-related ROS production, associated with explant preparation for rooting, may have an impact on auxin transport and distribution via changes in OePIN gene expression. Moreover, the application of exogenous auxin may modulate auxin homeostasis through regulation of those genes, leading to auxin redistribution throughout the stem-base tissue, which may ultimately play an important role in AR formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Velada
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Hélia Cardoso
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sara Porfirio
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Augusto Peixe
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (A.P.)
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Guo Y, Wu Q, Xie Z, Yu B, Zeng R, Min Q, Huang J. OsFPFL4 is Involved in the Root and Flower Development by Affecting Auxin Levels and ROS Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:2. [PMID: 31912314 PMCID: PMC6946790 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FPF1 (flowering-promoting factor 1) is one of the important family involved in the genetic control of flowering time in plant. Until now, limited knowledge concerning FPF1 family in rice has been understood. RESULTS As a homologue of AtFPF1, FPF1-like protein 4 of rice (OsFPFL4) is expressed in various tissues of plants. The functions of OsFPFL4 in rice were investigated by the reverse genetics approaches. Plants overexpressing OsFPFL4 have shorter primary root, more lateral roots and adventitious roots than wild type; however, RNA interference (RNAi) of OsFPFL4 significantly inhibits the growth of root system, and also delays the flowering time in rice. Interestingly, increased or repressed expression of OsFPFL4 leads to shrunken anthers and abnormal pollen grains. It is well recognized that auxin plays important roles in plant root and flower development, and the root elongation is also regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Here, our results show that rice plants overexpressing OsFPFL4 accumulate more auxin in the shoot and root, whereas RNAi lines have less auxin than wild type. As expected, the transcript levels of genes responsible for auxin biosynthesis and polar transport are altered in these OsFPFL4 transgenic plants. As to ROS, slightly higher ROS levels were detected in overexpression root and inflorescence than the counterparts of wild type; however, the ROS levels were significantly increased in the RNAi lines, due to increased expression of ROS-producers and reduced expression of ROS-scavengers. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that OsFPFL4 is involved in modulating the root and flower development by affecting auxin and ROS homeostasis in rice plants. OsFPFL4 controls auxin accumulation via affecting auxin biosynthesis and transport, and also modulates ROS homeostasis by balancing ROS producing and scavenging. Thus, auxin-mediated ROS production might play a role in regulating redox status, which controls plant root and flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zizhao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | | | - Rongfeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Qian Min
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Romero AM, Menéndez AI, Folcia AM, Martínez-Ghersa MA. Tolerance to ozone might impose restrictions to plant disease management in tomato. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:47-54. [PMID: 31498556 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) is considered a major air pollutant having negative effects on plant growth and productivity. Background concentrations are expected to rise in several regions of the world in the next 50 years, affecting plant responses to diseases, thus requiring new management strategies for food production. The effects of elevated O3 on the severity of a bacterial disease, and the effectiveness of a chemical defence inducer, were examined in two cultivars of tomato, Roma and Moneymaker, which present different tolerance to this pollutant. The two cultivars differ in their ability to produce and accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaf tissues. Tomato plants were challenged with a strain of Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Xv9, which is pathogenic on tomato. Ozone consistently increased severity of the disease by over 40% in both cultivars. In the more tolerant cultivar, O3 pollution increased disease intensity, even after applying a commercially available product to enhance resistance (acibenzolar-S-methyl, BTH). In the more susceptible cultivar, level of disease attained depended on the oxidative balance that resulted from other stress factors. The antioxidant capacity of the plant at the time of infection was relevant for controlling development of the disease. Our results suggest that development of O3 tolerance in commercial crops might impose a penalty cost in terms of disease management under projected higher O3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Romero
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A I Menéndez
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Folcia
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Martínez-Ghersa
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFEVA, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hoshika Y, De Carlo A, Baraldi R, Neri L, Carrari E, Agathokleous E, Zhang L, Fares S, Paoletti E. Ozone-induced impairment of night-time stomatal closure in O 3-sensitive poplar clone is affected by nitrogen but not by phosphorus enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:713-722. [PMID: 31539979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal transpiration may be a key factor influencing water use in plants. Tropospheric ozone (O3) and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil can affect daytime water use through stomata, but the combined effects of O3, N and P on night-time stomatal conductance (gs) are not known. We investigated the effects of O3 and soil availability of N and P on nocturnal gs and the dynamics of stomatal response after leaf severing in an O3-sensitive poplar clone (Oxford) subjected to combined treatments over a growing season in an O3 free air controlled exposure (FACE) facility. The treatments were two soil N levels (0 and 80 kg N ha-1; N0 and N80), three soil P levels (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1; P0, P40 and P80) and three O3 levels (ambient concentration, AA [35.0 ppb as hourly mean]; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA). The analysis of stomatal dynamics after leaf severing suggested that O3 impaired stomatal closure execution. As a result, nocturnal gs was increased by 2.0 × AA O3 in August (+39%) and September (+108%). Night-time gs was correlated with POD0 (phytotoxic O3 dose) and increased exponentially after 40 mmol m-2 POD0. Such increase of nocturnal gs was attributed to the emission of ethylene due to 2.0 × AA O3 exposure, while foliar abscisic acid (ABA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) did not affect gs at night. Interestingly, the O3-induced stomatal opening at night was limited by N treatments in August, but not limited in September. Phosphorus decreased nocturnal gs, although P did not modify the O3-induced stomatal dysfunction. The results suggest that the increased nocturnal gs may be associated with a need to improve N acquisition to cope with O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Anna De Carlo
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Silvano Fares
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Wei SS, Niu WT, Zhai XT, Liang WQ, Xu M, Fan X, Lv TT, Xu WY, Bai JT, Jia N, Li B. Arabidopsis mtHSC70-1 plays important roles in the establishment of COX-dependent respiration and redox homeostasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5575-5590. [PMID: 31384929 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock proteins function as molecular chaperones and are involved in diverse cellular processes. However, the functions of the plant mitochondrial HSP70s (mtHSC70s) remain unclear. Severe growth defects were observed in the Arabidopsis thaliana mtHSC70-1 knockout lines, mthsc70-1a and mthsc70-1b. Conversely, the introduction of the mtHSC70-1 gene into the mthsc70-1a background fully reversed the phenotypes, indicating that mtHSC70-1 is essential for plant growth. The loss of mtHSC70-1 functions resulted in abnormal mitochondria and alterations to respiration because of an inhibition of the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) pathway and the activation of the alternative respiratory pathway. Defects in COX assembly were observed in the mtHSC70-1 knockout lines, leading to decreased COX activity. The mtHSC70-1 knockout plants have increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The introduction of the Mn-superoxide dismutase 1 (MSD1) or the catalase 1 (CAT1) gene into the mthsc70-1a plants decreased ROS levels, reduced the expression of alternative oxidase, and partially rescued growth. Taken together, our data suggest that mtHSC70-1 plays important roles in the establishment of COX-dependent respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei-Tao Niu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei-Qian Liang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Lv
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Yan Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiao-Teng Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Demecsová L, Tamás L. Reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in metal-stressed roots: toxicity or defence. Biometals 2019; 32:717-744. [PMID: 31541378 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presented review is a summary on the current knowledge about metal induced stress response in plants, focusing on the roles of reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in roots. The article focuses mainly on the difference between defence and toxicity symptoms of roots during metal-induced stress. Nowadays, pollution of soils by heavy metals is a rapidly growing issue, which affects agriculture and human health. In order to deal with these problems, we must first understand the basic mechanisms and responses to environmental conditions in plants growing under such conditions. Studies so far show somewhat conflicting data, interpreting the same stress responses as both symptoms of defence and toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give a report about current knowledge of heavy metal-induced stress research, and also to differentiate between toxicity and defence, and outline the challenges of research, focusing on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, auxin, and the interplay among them. There are still remaining questions on how reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as auxin, can activate either symptoms of toxicity or defence, and adaptation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Cui F, Brosché M, Shapiguzov A, He XQ, Vainonen JP, Leppälä J, Trotta A, Kangasjärvi S, Salojärvi J, Kangasjärvi J, Overmyer K. Interaction of methyl viologen-induced chloroplast and mitochondrial signalling in Arabidopsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:555-566. [PMID: 30738155 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling intermediates in plant metabolism, defence, and stress adaptation. In plants, both the chloroplast and mitochondria are centres of metabolic control and ROS production, which coordinate stress responses in other cell compartments. The herbicide and experimental tool, methyl viologen (MV) induces ROS generation in the chloroplast under illumination, but is also toxic in non-photosynthetic organisms. We used MV to probe plant ROS signalling in compartments other than the chloroplast. Taking a genetic approach in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we used natural variation, QTL mapping, and mutant studies with MV in the light, but also under dark conditions, when the chloroplast electron transport is inactive. These studies revealed a light-independent MV-induced ROS-signalling pathway, suggesting mitochondrial involvement. Mitochondrial Mn SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE was required for ROS-tolerance and the effect of MV was enhanced by exogenous sugar, providing further evidence for the role of mitochondria. Mutant and hormone feeding assays revealed roles for stress hormones in organellar ROS-responses. The radical-induced cell death1 mutant, which is tolerant to MV-induced ROS and exhibits altered mitochondrial signalling, was used to probe interactions between organelles. Our studies suggest that mitochondria are involved in the response to ROS induced by MV in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Cui
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Alexey Shapiguzov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xin-Qiang He
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Julia P Vainonen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Leppälä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Fu Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Ning N, Hu H. Arabidopsis IAR4 Modulates Primary Root Growth Under Salt Stress Through ROS-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Distribution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:522. [PMID: 31105724 PMCID: PMC6494962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High salinity is one of the major environmental stresses that plants encounter. Roots are the initial and direct organs to perceive the signal. However, how plant roots perceive and respond to salinity at the molecular and physiological levels is still poorly understood. Here, we report that IAA-CONJUGATE-RESISTANT 4 (IAR4) plays a key role in primary root growth under salt stress conditions. Mutation of IAR4 led to increased sensitivity to salt stress conditions, with strongly inhibited primary root growth and reduced survival rate in two iar4 mutant alleles. iar4 mutants accumulated greater Na+ and exhibited a greater Na+/K+ ratio under NaCl treatment. In addition, more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the iar4 mutants due to reduced ROS scavenging. NaCl treatment greatly suppressed the expression levels of ProPIN1:PIN1-GFP, ProPIN2:PIN2-GFP, ProPIN3:PIN3-GFP, and ProDR5:GFP, and suppressed root meristem activity in iar4. GSH or auxin treatment greatly recovered the PIN expression, auxin distribution and primary root growth in the iar4 mutants, suggesting ROS is a vital mediator between salt stress and auxin response. Our data support a model in which IAR4 integrates ROS and auxin pathways to modulate primary root growth under salinity stress conditions, by regulation of PIN-mediated auxin transport.
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Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are greatly impacted by environmental stresses. Therefore, plants have evolved mechanisms which allow them to adapt to abiotic stresses through alterations in gene expression and metabolism. In recent years, studies have investigated the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in regulating gene expression in plants and characterized their involvement in various biological functions through their regulation of DNA methylation, DNA structural modifications, histone modifications, and RNA-RNA interactions. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses have identified various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that respond to abiotic stress. These ncRNAs are in addition to the well-known housekeeping ncRNAs, such as rRNAs, tRNAs, snoRNAs, and snRNAs. In this review, recent research pertaining to the role of lncRNAs in the response of plants to abiotic stress is summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
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Xu N, Chu Y, Chen H, Li X, Wu Q, Jin L, Wang G, Huang J. Rice transcription factor OsMADS25 modulates root growth and confers salinity tolerance via the ABA-mediated regulatory pathway and ROS scavenging. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007662. [PMID: 30303953 PMCID: PMC6197697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are constantly exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses, and high salinity is one of the major limiting conditions that impose constraints on plant growth. In this study, we describe that OsMADS25 is required for the root growth as well as salinity tolerance, via maintaining ROS homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa). Overexpression of OsMADS25 remarkably enhanced the primary root (PR) length and lateral root (LR) density, whereas RNAi silence of this gene reduced PR elongation significantly, with altered ROS accumulation in the root tip. Transcriptional activation assays indicated that OsMADS25 activates OsGST4 (glutathione S–transferase) expression directly by binding to its promoter. Meanwhile, osgst4 mutant exhibited repressed growth and high sensitivity to salinity and oxidative stress, and recombinant OsGST4 protein was found to have ROS–scavenging activity in vitro. Expectedly, overexpression of OsMADS25 significantly enhanced the tolerance to salinity and oxidative stress in rice plants, with the elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased accumulation of osmoprotective solute proline and reduced frequency of open stoma. Furthermore, OsMADS25 specifically activated the transcription of OsP5CR, a key component of proline biosynthesis, by binding to its promoter. Interestingly, overexpression of OsMADS25 raised the root sensitivity to exogenous ABA, and the expression of ABA–dependent stress–responsive genes was elevated greatly in overexpression plants under salinity stress. In addition, OsMADS25 seemed to promote auxin signaling by activating OsYUC4 transcription. Taken together, our findings reveal that OsMADS25 might be an important transcriptional regulator that regulates the root growth and confers salinity tolerance in rice via the ABA–mediated regulatory pathway and ROS scavenging. Plant roots are constantly exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses, and high salinity is one of major limiting conditions that impose constraints on plant growth. Here, we show that transcription factor OsMADS25 positively regulates the root system development and tolerance to salinity and oxidative stress in rice plants. We also provide strong evidence that OsMADS25 increases the ROS-scavenging capacity and proline accumulation by activating the expression of OsGST4 and OsP5CR directly. Moreover, OsMADS25 promotes ABA–dependent abiotic stress–responsive regulatory pathway. In addition, OsMADS25 seems to promote auxin signaling by activating OsYUC4 transcription. Overall, enhanced antioxidant responses and proline accumulation via the ABA–mediated regulatory pathway, have been proposed to be crucial for OsMADS25 to regulate the salinity tolerance in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Chu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: ,
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Liu X, Jiang J. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Two Tomato Genotypes in Response to Potassium-Deficiency Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082402. [PMID: 30110976 PMCID: PMC6121555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is a crop that requires a sufficient supply of potassium (K) for optimal productivity and quality. K+-deficiency stress decreases tomato yield and quality. To further delve into the mechanism of the response to K+-deficiency and to screen out low-K+ tolerant genes in tomatoes, BGISEQ-500-based RNA sequencing was performed using two tomato genotypes (low-K+ tolerant JZ34 and low-K+ sensitive JZ18). We identified 1936 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in JZ18 and JZ34 at 12 and 24 h after K+-deficiency treatment. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, the DEGs that changed significantly primarily included transcription factors, transporters, kinases, oxidative stress proteins, and hormone signaling-and glycometabolism-related genes. The experimental results confirmed the induced expression of the responsive genes in the low-K+ signaling pathway. The largest group of DEGs comprised up to 110 oxidative stress-related genes. In total, 19 ethylene response factors (ERFs) demonstrated differential expression between JZ18 and JZ34 in response to K+-deficiency. Furthermore, we confirmed 20 DEGs closely related to K+-deficiency stress by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), some of which affected the root configuration, these DEGs could be further studied for use as molecular targets to explore novel approaches, and to acquire more effective K acquisition efficiencies for tomatoes. A hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between phytohormone signaling cues and reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to root growth in JZ34 is proposed. The results provide a comprehensive foundation for the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of tomatoes to low K+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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He H, Van Breusegem F, Mhamdi A. Redox-dependent control of nuclear transcription in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3359-3372. [PMID: 29659979 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Redox-dependent regulatory networks are affected by altered cellular or extracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Perturbations of ROS production and scavenging homeostasis have a considerable impact on the nuclear transcriptome. While the regulatory mechanisms by which ROS modulate gene transcription in prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and mammalian cells are well established, new insights into the mechanism underlying redox control of gene expression in plants have only recently been known. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge on how ROS and thiol-dependent transcriptional regulatory networks are controlled. We assess the impact of redox perturbations and oxidative stress on transcriptome adjustments using cat2 mutants as a model system and discuss how redox homeostasis can modify the various parts of the transcriptional machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming He
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
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Cui F, Wu H, Safronov O, Zhang P, Kumar R, Kollist H, Salojärvi J, Panstruga R, Overmyer K. Arabidopsis MLO2 is a negative regulator of sensitivity to extracellular reactive oxygen species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:782-796. [PMID: 29333607 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric pollutant ozone (O3 ) is a strong oxidant that causes extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, has significant ecological relevance, and is used here as a non-invasive ROS inducer to study plant signalling. Previous genetic screens identified several mutants exhibiting enhanced O3 sensitivity, but few with enhanced tolerance. We found that loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis MLO2, a gene implicated in susceptibility to powdery mildew disease, exhibit enhanced dose-dependent tolerance to O3 and extracellular ROS, but a normal response to intracellular ROS. This phenotype is increased in a mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 triple mutant, reminiscent of the genetic redundancy of MLO genes in powdery mildew resistance. Stomatal assays revealed that enhanced O3 tolerance in mlo2 mutants is not caused by altered stomatal conductance. We explored modulation of the mlo2-associated O3 tolerance, powdery mildew resistance, and early senescence phenotypes by genetic epistasis analysis, involving mutants with known effects on ROS sensitivity or antifungal defence. Mining of publicly accessible microarray data suggests that these MLO proteins regulate accumulation of abiotic stress response transcripts, and transcript accumulation of MLO2 itself is O3 responsive. In summary, our data reveal MLO2 as a novel negative regulator in plant ROS responses, which links biotic and abiotic stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Cui
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hongpo Wu
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Omid Safronov
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, 848125, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Shah ZH, Rehman HM, Akhtar T, Alsamadany H, Hamooh BT, Mujtaba T, Daur I, Al Zahrani Y, Alzahrani HAS, Ali S, Yang SH, Chung G. Humic Substances: Determining Potential Molecular Regulatory Processes in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:263. [PMID: 29593751 PMCID: PMC5861677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HSs) have considerable effects on soil fertility and crop productivity owing to their unique physiochemical and biochemical properties, and play a vital role in establishing biotic and abiotic interactions within the plant rhizosphere. A comprehensive understanding of the mode of action and tissue distribution of HS is, however, required, as this knowledge could be useful for devising advanced rhizospheric management practices. These substances trigger various molecular processes in plant cells, and can strengthen the plant's tolerance to various kinds of abiotic stresses. HS manifest their effects in cells through genetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications of signaling entities that trigger different molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes. Understanding of such fundamental mechanisms will provide a better perspective for defining the cues and signaling crosstalk of HS that mediate various metabolic and hormonal networks operating in plant systems. Various regulatory activities and distribution strategies of HS have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain Shah
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M. Rehman
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tasneem Akhtar
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hameed Alsamadany
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahget T. Hamooh
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Mujtaba
- Plant and Forest Biotechnology Umeå, Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ihsanullah Daur
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Al Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind A. S. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Seung H. Yang
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Gyuhwa Chung,
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45
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Xia C, Li S, Hou W, Fan Z, Xiao H, Lu M, Sano T, Zhang Z. Global Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Infection of Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) with Mild and Severe Variants of Hop Stunt Viroid. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2427. [PMID: 29312160 PMCID: PMC5733102 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen years after transfer to hops, hop stunt viroid-grapevine (HSVd-g) was replaced by HSVd-hop (HSVd-h), a sequence variant that contains changes at five different positions. HSVd-g54 is a laboratory mutant derived from HSVd-g that differs from its progenitor by a single G to A substitution at position 54. While infection by HSVd-h induces only mild stunting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), HSVd-g54 induces much more severe symptoms in this indicator host. Comparison of transcriptome profiles of cucumber infected with HSVd-h or HSVd-g54 with those of mock-inoculated controls obtained by whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing revealed that many genes related to photosynthesis were down-regulated following infection. In contrast, genes encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (CsRDR1), especially CsRDR1c1 and CsRDR1c2, as well as those related to basal defense responses were up-regulated. Expression of genes associated with phytohormone signaling pathways were also altered, indicating that viroid infection initiates a complex array of changes in the host transcriptome. HSVd-g54 induced an earlier and stronger response than HSVd-h, and further examination of these differences will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that determine viroid pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Institue of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiguang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Teruo Sano
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sofo A, Bochicchio R, Amato M, Rendina N, Vitti A, Nuzzaci M, Altamura MM, Falasca G, Rovere FD, Scopa A. Plant architecture, auxin homeostasis and phenol content in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in cadmium- and zinc-enriched media. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 216:174-180. [PMID: 28704702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A screening strategy using micropropagation glass tubes with a gradient of distances between germinating seeds and a metal-contaminated medium was used for studying alterations in root architecture and morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana treated with cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) at the concentration of 10-20μM and 100-200μM, respectively. Metal concentrations in plant shoots and roots were measured by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After 21days from germination, all plants in the tubes were scanned at high resolution and the root systems analyzed. The localization of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the primary root and lateral root apices was monitored using DR5:GUS, LAX3:GUS and AUX1:GUS Arabidopsis transgenic lines. Total phenol content in leaves was measured spectrophotometrically. Shoot and root dry weight and leaf area did not change in Zn-exposed plants and significantly decreased in Cd-exposed plants, compared to control plants. Cadmium induced a reduction of root length, of mean number of roots and of total root surface. Both Cd- and Zn-exposed plants showed a reduced specific root length. This morphological behavior, together with an observed increase in root diameter in metal-exposed plants could be interpreted as compensatory growth, and the observed thicker roots could act as a barrier to protect root from the metals. In comparison with the apical localization of the IAA signal in the control plants, Zn generally reinforced the intensity of IAA signal, without affecting its localization. In Cd-exposed plants, IAA localization remained apical but weaker compared to control plants. Total phenols decreased in plants exposed to Zn and Cd. Therefore, we propose that the remodelling of the root architecture and the production of some secondary metabolites, such as IAA and phenols could be two responses of plants subjected to metal stress. This knowledge can open the way to future phytoremediation strategies of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Rocco Bochicchio
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Mariana Amato
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Rendina
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Antonella Vitti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Nuzzaci
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Maddalena Altamura
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Della Rovere
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Scopa
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
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47
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Saini K, AbdElgawad H, Markakis MN, Schoenaers S, Asard H, Prinsen E, Beemster GTS, Vissenberg K. Perturbation of Auxin Homeostasis and Signaling by PINOID Overexpression Induces Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1308. [PMID: 28824662 PMCID: PMC5539238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Under normal and stress conditions plant growth require a complex interplay between phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, details of the nature of this crosstalk remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that PINOID (PID), a serine threonine kinase of the AGC kinase family, perturbs auxin homeostasis, which in turn modulates rosette growth and induces stress responses in Arabidopsis plants. Arabidopsis mutants and transgenic plants with altered PID expression were used to study the effect on auxin levels and stress-related responses. In the leaves of plants with ectopic PID expression an accumulation of auxin, oxidative burst and disruption of hormonal balance was apparent. Furthermore, PID overexpression led to the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites, while pid knockout mutants showed only moderate changes in stress-related metabolites. These physiological changes in the plants overexpressing PID modulated their response toward external drought and osmotic stress treatments when compared to the wild type. Based on the morphological, transcriptome, and metabolite results, we propose that perturbations in the auxin hormone levels caused by PID overexpression, along with other hormones and ROS downstream, cause antioxidant accumulation and modify growth and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Our data provide further proof for a strong correlation between auxin and stress biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Saini
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni Suef, Egypt
| | - Marios N. Markakis
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T. S. Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Plant and Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition, Technological Educational Institute of Crete: University of Applied SciencesHeraklion, Greece
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48
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Hu Y, Depaepe T, Smet D, Hoyerova K, Klíma P, Cuypers A, Cutler S, Buyst D, Morreel K, Boerjan W, Martins J, Petrášek J, Vandenbussche F, Van Der Straeten D. ACCERBATIN, a small molecule at the intersection of auxin and reactive oxygen species homeostasis with herbicidal properties. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4185-4203. [PMID: 28922768 PMCID: PMC5853866 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The volatile two-carbon hormone ethylene acts in concert with an array of signals to affect etiolated seedling development. From a chemical screen, we isolated a quinoline carboxamide designated ACCERBATIN (AEX) that exacerbates the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid-induced triple response, typical for ethylene-treated seedlings in darkness. Phenotypic analyses revealed distinct AEX effects including inhibition of root hair development and shortening of the root meristem. Mutant analysis and reporter studies further suggested that AEX most probably acts in parallel to ethylene signaling. We demonstrated that AEX functions at the intersection of auxin metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. AEX inhibited auxin efflux in BY-2 cells and promoted indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidation in the shoot apical meristem and cotyledons of etiolated seedlings. Gene expression studies and superoxide/hydrogen peroxide staining further revealed that the disrupted auxin homeostasis was accompanied by oxidative stress. Interestingly, in light conditions, AEX exhibited properties reminiscent of the quinoline carboxylate-type auxin-like herbicides. We propose that AEX interferes with auxin transport from its major biosynthesis sites, either as a direct consequence of poor basipetal transport from the shoot meristematic region, or indirectly, through excessive IAA oxidation and ROS accumulation. Further investigation of AEX can provide new insights into the mechanisms connecting auxin and ROS homeostasis in plant development and provide useful tools to study auxin-type herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dajo Smet
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klara Hoyerova
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klíma
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sean Cutler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Dieter Buyst
- NMR and Structure Analysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology), Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology), Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat, Ghent, Belgium
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Bielach A, Hrtyan M, Tognetti VB. Plants under Stress: Involvement of Auxin and Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1427. [PMID: 28677656 PMCID: PMC5535918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development are critically influenced by unpredictable abiotic factors. To survive fluctuating changes in their environments, plants have had to develop robust adaptive mechanisms. The dynamic and complementary actions of the auxin and cytokinin pathways regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and their ability to crosstalk makes them ideal candidates for mediating stress-adaptation responses. Other crucial signaling molecules responsible for the tremendous plasticity observed in plant morphology and in response to abiotic stress are reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proper temporal and spatial distribution of ROS and hormone gradients is crucial for plant survival in response to unfavorable environments. In this regard, the convergence of ROS with phytohormone pathways acts as an integrator of external and developmental signals into systemic responses organized to adapt plants to their environments. Auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways have been studied extensively. Nevertheless, we do not yet understand the impact on plant stress tolerance of the sophisticated crosstalk between the two hormones. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of auxin and cytokinin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bielach
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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50
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Wójcikowska B, Gaj MD. Expression profiling of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR genes during somatic embryogenesis induction in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:843-858. [PMID: 28255787 PMCID: PMC5486788 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Extensive modulation of numerous ARF transcripts in the embryogenic culture of Arabidopsis indicates a substantial role of auxin signaling in the mechanism of somatic embryogenesis induction. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is induced by auxin in plants and auxin signaling is considered to play a key role in the molecular mechanism that controls the embryogenic transition of plant somatic cells. Accordingly, the expression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) genes in embryogenic culture of Arabidopsis was analyzed. The study revealed that 14 of the 22 ARFs were transcribed during SE in Arabidopsis. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the expression of six ARFs (ARF5, ARF6, ARF8, ARF10, ARF16, and ARF17) was significantly up-regulated, whereas five other genes (ARF1, ARF2, ARF3, ARF11, and ARF18) were substantially down-regulated in the SE-induced explants. The activity of ARFs during SE was also monitored with GFP reporter lines and the ARFs that were expressed in areas of the explants engaged in SE induction were detected. A functional test of ARFs transcribed during SE was performed and the embryogenic potential of the arf mutants and overexpressor lines was evaluated. ARFs with a significantly modulated expression during SE coupled with an impaired embryogenic response of the relevant mutant and/or overexpressor line, including ARF1, ARF2, ARF3, ARF5, ARF6, ARF8, and ARF11 were indicated as possibly being involved in SE induction. The study provides evidence that embryogenic induction strongly depends on ARFs, which are key regulators of the auxin signaling. Some clues on the possible functions of the candidate ARFs, especially ARF5, in the mechanism of embryogenic transition are discussed. The results provide guidelines for further research on the auxin-related functional genomics of SE and the developmental plasticity of somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wójcikowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata D Gaj
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
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