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Muturi P, Wachira P, Wagacha M, Mbae C, Kavai S, Mugo M, Muhammed M, González JF, Kariuki S, Gunn JS. Salmonella Typhi Haplotype 58 (H58) Biofilm Formation and Genetic Variation in Typhoid Fever Patients with Gallstones in an Endemic Setting in Kenya. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.03.24308409. [PMID: 38883710 PMCID: PMC11177912 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.24308409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The causative agent of typhoid fever, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a human restricted pathogen. Human carriers, 90% of whom have gallstones in their gallbladder, continue to shed the pathogen after treatment. The genetic mechanisms involved in establishing the carrier state are poorly understood, but S . Typhi is thought to undergo specific genetic changes within the gallbladder as an adaptive mechanism. In the current study, we aimed to identify biofilm forming ability and the genetic differences in longitudinal clinical S . Typhi isolates from asymptomatic carriers with gallstones in Nairobi, Kenya. Whole genome sequences were analyzed from 22 S . Typhi isolates, 20 from stool and 2 from blood samples, all genotype 4.3.1 (H58). Nineteen strains were from four patients also diagnosed with gallstones, of whom, three had typhoid symptoms and continued to shed S . Typhi after treatment. All isolates had point mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) and only sub-lineage 4.3.1.2EA3 encoded multidrug resistance genes. There was no variation in antimicrobial resistance patterns among strains from the same patient/household. Non-multidrug resistant (MDR), isolates formed significantly stronger biofilms in vitro than the MDR isolates , p<0.001 . A point mutation within the treB gene ( treB A383T) was observed in strains isolated after clinical resolution from patients living in 75% of the households. Missense mutations in Vi capsular polysaccharide genes, tviE P263S was also observed in 18% of the isolates. This study provides insights into the role of typhoid carriage, biofilm formation, AMR genes and genetic variations in S. Typhi from asymptomatic carriers. Importance Although typhoid fever has largely been eliminated in high income countries, it remains a major global public health concern especially among low- and middle-income countries. The bacteria responsible for this infectious disease, Salmonella Typhi, has limited ability to replicate outside the human host and human carriers serve as a reservoir of infection. Typhoid is a common infection in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, and is endemic in our study setting. Our research findings on differences in S. Typhi strains causing typhoid fever and carriage will influence public health approaches aimed at reducing carriage and transmission of S . Typhi.
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Leitão MM, Vieira TF, Sousa SF, Borges F, Simões M, Borges A. Dual action of benzaldehydes: Inhibiting quorum sensing and enhancing antibiotic efficacy for controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106663. [PMID: 38679246 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) has a central role in biofilm lifestyle and antimicrobial resistance, and disrupting these signaling pathways is a promising strategy to control bacterial pathogenicity and virulence. In this study, the efficacy of three structurally related benzaldehydes (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (syringaldehyde)) in disrupting the las and pqs systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated using bioreporter strains and computational simulations. Additionally, these benzaldehydes were combined with tobramycin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics to evaluate their ability to increase antibiotic efficacy in preventing and eradicating P. aeruginosa biofilms. To this end, the total biomass, metabolic activity and culturability of the biofilm cells were determined. In vitro assays results indicated that the aromatic aldehydes have potential to inhibit the las and pqs systems by > 80 %. Molecular docking studies supported these findings, revealing the aldehydes binding in the same pocket as the natural ligands or receptor proteins (LasR, PQSA, PQSE, PQSR). Benzaldehydes were shown to act as virulence factor attenuators, with vanillin achieving a 48 % reduction in pyocyanin production. The benzaldehyde-tobramycin combination led not only to a 60 % reduction in biomass production but also to a 90 % reduction in the metabolic activity of established biofilms. A similar result was observed when benzaldehydes were combined with ciprofloxacin. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde demonstrated relevant action in increasing biofilm susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, resulting in a 65 % reduction in biomass. This study discloses, for the first time, that the benzaldehydes studied are potent QS inhibitors and also enhancers of antibiotics antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Leitão
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALICE-Associate Laboratory for Innovation in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; CIQUP-IMS-Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana F Vieira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, BioSIM-Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F Sousa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, BioSIM-Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS-Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALICE-Associate Laboratory for Innovation in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; DEQ-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALICE-Associate Laboratory for Innovation in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; DEQ-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Nosair N, Elzayat S, Elsharaby R, Abdulghaffar IA, Elfarargy HH, Sharaf NA. The association of bacterial biofilm and middle ear mucosa in patients with mucosal chronic suppurative otitis media. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2024:S2173-5735(24)00050-4. [PMID: 38729238 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bacterial biofilm's role in mucosal chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS This study involved 123 participating patients with active and inactive mucosal CSOM who are undergoing tympanomastoid surgery. SEM was used to examine middle ear mucosa biopsies for the development of biofilms. Middle ear discharge or mucosal swabs from patients were cultured to detect any bacterial growth. The biofilm formation was correlated to the culture results. RESULTS The biofilm was present in 69.9 % of patients (59% of them were with active mucosal CSOM) and absent in 30.1% of the patients (70% of them were with inactive mucosal CSOM), being more statistically significant in active mucosal CSOM (p-value = 0.003). A correlation that was statistically significant was found between active mucosal CSOM and higher grades (3 and 4) of biofilms (p-value <0.05). The mucosal CSOM type and the results of the culture had a relationship that was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). 60% of patients had positive culture (70% of them were with active mucosal CSOM). There was a statistically significant relation between Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial growth and active mucosal CSOM (p-value = 0.004) as well as higher grades of biofilms in mucosal CSOM. CONCLUSION Mucosal CSOM, especially the active type, is a biofilm-related disease. There is a significant relation between the state of mucosal CSOM (active or inactive) and culture results with predominance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial growth in active mucosal CSOM and in higher grades of biofilms in mucosal CSOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Nosair
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Saad Elzayat
- Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Radwa Elsharaby
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Nehal A Sharaf
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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Su Y, Shahriar SSM, Andrabi SM, Wang C, Sharma NS, Xiao Y, Wong SL, Wang G, Xie J. It Takes Two to Tangle: Microneedle Patches Co-delivering Monoclonal Antibodies and Engineered Antimicrobial Peptides Effectively Eradicate Wound Biofilms. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300519. [PMID: 38217528 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Wound biofilms pose a great clinical challenge. Herein, this work reports a dissolvable microneedle patch for dual delivery of monoclonal antibodies anti-PBP2a and engineers antimicrobial peptides W379. In vitro antibacterial efficacy testing with microneedle patches containing a combination of 250 ng mL-1 W379 and 250 ng mL-1 anti-BPB2a decreases the bacterial count from ≈3.31 × 107 CFU mL-1 to 1.28 × 102 CFU mL-1 within 2 h without eliciting evident cytotoxicity. Ex vivo testing indicates W379 and anti-PBP2a co-loaded microneedle patch displayed a remarkable reduction of bacterial load by ≈7.18 log CFU after administered only once within 48 h. The bacterial count is significantly diminished compared to the treatment by either W379 or anti-PBP2a-loaded alone microneedle patches. When administered twice within 48 h, no bacteria are identified. Further in vivo study also reveals that after two treatments of W379 and anti-PBP2a co-loaded PVP microneedle patches within 48 h, the bacterial colonies are undetectable in a type II diabetic mouse wound biofilm model. Taken together, W379 and anti-PBP2a co-loaded PVP microneedle patches hold great promise in treating wound biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shatil S M Shahriar
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Syed Muntazir Andrabi
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chenlong Wang
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yizhu Xiao
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shannon L Wong
- Department of Surgery-Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Castagnini D, Palma K, Jara-Wilde J, Navarro N, González MJ, Toledo J, Canales-Huerta N, Scavone P, Härtel S. Proteus mirabilis biofilm expansion microscopy yields over 4-fold magnification for super-resolution of biofilm structure and subcellular DNA organization. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 220:106927. [PMID: 38561125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms form when bacteria attach to surfaces and generate an extracellular matrix that embeds and stabilizes a growing community. Detailed visualization and quantitative analysis of biofilm architecture by optical microscopy are limited by the law of diffraction. Expansion Microscopy (ExM) is a novel Super-Resolution technique where specimens are physically enlarged by a factor of ∼4, prior to observation by conventional fluorescence microscopy. ExM requires homogenization of rigid constituents of biological components by enzymatic digestion. We developed an ExM approach capable of expanding 48-h old Proteus mirabilis biofilms 4.3-fold (termed PmbExM), close to the theoretic maximum expansion factor without gross shape distortions. Our protocol, based on lytic and glycoside-hydrolase enzymatic treatments, degrades rigid components in bacteria and extracellular matrix. Our results prove PmbExM to be a versatile and easy-to-use Super-Resolution approach for enabling studies of P. mirabilis biofilm architecture, assembly, and even intracellular features, such as DNA organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Castagnini
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis SCIAN-Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Palma
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis SCIAN-Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, Independencia, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Informática Médica y Telemedicina CIMT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Jara-Wilde
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis SCIAN-Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, Independencia, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Informática Médica y Telemedicina CIMT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Navarro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases ACCDiS, Santiago, Chile.; Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María José González
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Red de Equipamiento Científico Avanzado REDECA, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Canales-Huerta
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis SCIAN-Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Scavone
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Steffen Härtel
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis SCIAN-Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, Independencia, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Informática Médica y Telemedicina CIMT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; National Center for Health Information Systems CENS, Santiago, Chile.; Red de Equipamiento Científico Avanzado REDECA, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Modelamiento Matemático, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Casilla 170-3, Santiago, Chile.
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Pan S, Underhill SAM, Hamm CW, Stover MA, Butler DR, Shults CA, Manjarrez JR, Cabeen MT. Glycerol metabolism impacts biofilm phenotypes and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. mSphere 2024; 9:e0078623. [PMID: 38501832 PMCID: PMC11036800 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00786-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous bacterium and a notorious opportunistic pathogen that forms biofilm structures in response to many environmental cues. Biofilm formation includes attachment to surfaces and the production of the exopolysaccharide Pel, which is present in both the PAO1 and PA14 laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa. Biofilms help protect bacterial cells from host defenses and antibiotics and abet infection. The carbon source used by the cells also influences biofilm, but these effects have not been deeply studied. We show here that glycerol, which can be liberated from host surfactants during infection, encourages surface attachment and magnifies colony morphology differences. We find that glycerol kinase is important but not essential for glycerol utilization and relatively unimportant for biofilm behaviors. Among downstream enzymes predicted to take part in glycerol utilization, Edd stood out as being important for glycerol utilization and for enhanced biofilm phenotypes in the presence of glycerol. Thus, gluconeogenesis and catabolism of anabolically produced glucose appear to impact not only the utilization of glycerol but also glycerol-stimulated biofilm phenotypes. Finally, waxworm moth larvae and nematode infection models reveal that interruption of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, but not abrogation of glycerol phosphorylation, unexpectedly increases P. aeruginosa lethality in both acute and chronic infections, even while stimulating a stronger immune response by Caenorhabditis elegans.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa, the ubiquitous environmental bacterium and human pathogen, forms multicellular communities known as biofilms in response to various stimuli. We find that glycerol, a common carbon source that bacteria can use for energy and biosynthesis, encourages biofilm behaviors such as surface attachment and colony wrinkling by P. aeruginosa. Glycerol can be derived from surfactants that are present in the human lungs, a common infection site. Glycerol-stimulated biofilm phenotypes do not depend on phosphorylation of glycerol but are surprisingly impacted by a glucose breakdown pathway, suggesting that it is glycerol utilization, and not its mere presence or cellular import, that stimulates biofilm phenotypes. Moreover, the same mutations that block glycerol-stimulated biofilm phenotypes also impact P. aeruginosa virulence in both acute and chronic animal models. Notably, a glucose-breakdown mutant (Δedd) counteracts biofilm phenotypes but shows enhanced virulence and stimulates a stronger immune response in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somalisa Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Christopher W. Hamm
- Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mylissa A. Stover
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, OSU Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daxton R. Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Crystal A. Shults
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, OSU Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jacob R. Manjarrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, OSU Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Matthew T. Cabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Childs A, Chand D, Pereira J, Santra S, Rajaraman S. BacteSign: Building a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) Database for Universal Bacterial Identification. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:176. [PMID: 38667169 PMCID: PMC11047924 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of diverse global bacterial outbreaks, it is important to build an immutable decentralized database that can capture regional changes in bacterial resistance with time. Herein, we investigate the use of a rapid 3D printed µbiochamber with a laser-ablated interdigitated electrode developed for biofilm analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacillus subtilis using electrochemical biological impedance spectroscopy (EBIS) across a 48 h spectrum, along with novel ladder-based minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) stencil tests against oxytetracycline, kanamycin, penicillin G and streptomycin. Furthermore, in this investigation, a search query database has been built demonstrating the deterministic nature of the bacterial strains with real and imaginary impedance, phase, and capacitance, showing increased bacterial specification selectivity in the 9772.37 Hz range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Childs
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - David Chand
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Pereira
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Swaminathan Rajaraman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Bozyel I, Fleming D, Kim WJ, Rosen PF, Gelston S, Ozdemir D, Ay SU, Patel R, Beyenal H. DUAL ACTION ELECTROCHEMICAL BANDAGE OPERATED by a PROGRAMMABLE MULTIMODAL WEARABLE POTENTIOSTAT. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586346. [PMID: 38585771 PMCID: PMC10996494 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical bandages (e-bandages) can be applied to biofilm-infected wounds to generate reactive oxygen species, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The e-bandage-generated HOCl or H 2 O 2 kills biofilms in vitro and in infected wounds on mice. The HOCl-generating e-bandage is more active against biofilms in vitro , although this distinction is less apparent in vivo . The H 2 O 2 -generating e-bandage, more than the HOCl-generating e-bandage, is associated with improved healing of infected wounds. A strategy in which H 2 O 2 and HOCl are generated alternately-for dual action-was explored. The goal was to develop a programmable multimodal wearable potentiostat (PMWP) that could be programmed to generate HOCl or H 2 O 2 , as needed. An ultralow-power microcontroller unit managed operation of the PMWP. The system was operated with a 260-mAh capacity coin battery and weighed 4.6 grams, making it suitable for small animal experiments or human use. The overall cost of a single wearable potentiostat was $6.50 (USD). The device was verified using established electrochemical systems and functioned comparably to a commercial potentiostat. To determine antimicrobial effectiveness, PMWP-controlled e-bandages were tested against clinical isolates of four prevalent chronic wound bacterial pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii , and Enterococcus faecium , and one fungal pathogen of emerging concern, Candida auris . PMWP-controlled e-bandages exhibited broad-spectrum activity against biofilms of all study isolates tested when programmed to deliver HOCl followed by H 2 O 2 . These results show that the PMWP operates effectively and is suitable for animal testing.
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Kim DY, Oh YB, Park JS, Min YH, Park MC. Anti-Microbial Activities of Mussel-Derived Recombinant Proteins against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:239. [PMID: 38534674 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) and pro-apoptotic peptides are considered as novel anti-microbial agents, distinguished by their different characteristics. Nevertheless, AMPs exhibit certain limitations, including poor stability and potential toxicity, which hinder their suitability for applications in pharmaceutics and medical devices. In this study, we used recombinant mussel adhesive protein (MAP) as a robust scaffold to overcome these limitations associated with AMPs. Mussel adhesive protein fused with functional peptides (MAP-FPs) was used to evaluate anti-microbial activities, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time-kill kinetics (TKK) assays against six of bacteria strains. MAP and MAP-FPs were proved to have an anti-microbial effect with MIC of 4 or 8 µM against only Gram-negative bacteria strains. All tested MAP-FPs killed four different Gram-negative bacteria strains within 180 min. Especially, MAP-FP-2 and -5 killed three Gram-negative bacteria strain, including E. coli, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae, within 10 min. A cytotoxicity study using Vero and HEK293T cells indicated the safety of MAP and MAP-FP-2 and -3. Thermal stability of MAP-FP-2 was also validated by HPLC analysis at an accelerated condition for 4 weeks. This study identified that MAP-FPs have novel anti-microbial activity, inhibiting the growth and rapidly killing Gram-negative bacteria strains with high thermal stability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50832, Republic of Korea
| | - You Bin Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50832, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Seon Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50832, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Hong Min
- College of Health and Welfare, Daegu Hanny University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50832, Republic of Korea
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Cai Y, Dong J, Huang J, He J, Hu Y, Sui Z, Tang P. The cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase CpdA required for growth, biofilm formation, motility and pathogenicity of Edwardsiella piscicida. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106545. [PMID: 38244636 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is a severe fish pathogen with wide host range, causing the huge economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as an important second messenger regulates the physiological and behavioral responses to environmental cues in eukaryotic and prokaryotic. The intracellular level of cAMP for effective activity is tightly controlled by the synthesis of adenylate cyclase, excretion and degradation of phosphodiesterase. In this study, we identified and characterized a class III cAMP phosphodiesterase, named as CpdA, in the E. piscicida. To investigate the role of CpdA in the physiology and pathogenicity, we constructed the in-frame deletion mutant of cpdA of E. piscicida, TX01ΔcpdA. The results showed that TX01ΔcpdA accumulated the higher intracellular cAMP concentration than TX01, indicating that CpdA exerted the hydrolysis of cAMP. In addition, compared to the TX01, the TX01ΔcpdA slowed growth rate, diminished biofilm formation and lost motility. More importantly, pathogenicity analysis confirmed that TX01ΔcpdA significantly impaired the ability of invading the epithelial cells, reproduction in macrophages, tissues dissemination and lethality for healthy tilapias. The most of lost properties of TX01ΔcpdA were restored partially or fully by the introduction of cpdA gene. These results suggest that cpdA is required for regulation of the physiology and virulence of E. piscicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Cai
- School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jinggang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jianqiang Huang
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Jiaojiao He
- School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Zhihai Sui
- School of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biologícal Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Wang X, Wang D, Lu H, Wang X, Wang X, Su J, Xia G. Strategies to Promote the Journey of Nanoparticles Against Biofilm-Associated Infections. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305988. [PMID: 38178276 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections are one of the most challenging healthcare threats for humans, accounting for 80% of bacterial infections, leading to persistent and chronic infections. The conventional antibiotics still face their dilemma of poor therapeutic effects due to the high tolerance and resistance led by bacterial biofilm barriers. Nanotechnology-based antimicrobials, nanoparticles (NPs), are paid attention extensively and considered as promising alternative. This review focuses on the whole journey of NPs against biofilm-associated infections, and to clarify it clearly, the journey is divided into four processes in sequence as 1) Targeting biofilms, 2) Penetrating biofilm barrier, 3) Attaching to bacterial cells, and 4) Translocating through bacterial cell envelope. Through outlining the compositions and properties of biofilms and bacteria cells, recent advances and present the strategies of each process are comprehensively discussed to combat biofilm-associated infections, as well as the combined strategies against these infections with drug resistance, aiming to guide the rational design and facilitate wide application of NPs in biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Su
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
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Paluch E, Bortkiewicz O, Widelski J, Duda-Madej A, Gleńsk M, Nawrot U, Lamch Ł, Długowska D, Sobieszczańska B, Wilk KA. A Combination of β-Aescin and Newly Synthesized Alkylamidobetaines as Modern Components Eradicating the Biofilms of Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Strains of Candida glabrata. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2541. [PMID: 38473787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The current trend in microbiological research aimed at limiting the development of biofilms of multidrug-resistant microorganisms is increasingly towards the search for possible synergistic effects between various compounds. This work presents a combination of a naturally occurring compound, β-aescin, newly synthesized alkylamidobetaines (AABs) with a general structure-CnTMDAB, and antifungal drugs. The research we conducted consists of several stages. The first stage concerns determining biological activity (antifungal) against selected multidrug-resistant strains of Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) with the highest ability to form biofilms. The second stage of this study determined the activity of β-aescin combinations with antifungal compounds and alkylamidobetaines. In the next stage of this study, the ability to eradicate a biofilm on the polystyrene surface of the combination of β-aescin with alkylamidobetaines was examined. It has been shown that the combination of β-aescin and alkylamidobetaine can firmly remove biofilms and reduce their viability. The last stage of this research was to determine the safety regarding the cytotoxicity of both β-aescin and alkylamidobetaines. Previous studies on the fibroblast cell line have shown that C9 alkylamidobetaine can be safely used as a component of anti-biofilm compounds. This research increases the level of knowledge about the practical possibilities of using anti-biofilm compounds in combined therapies against C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Bortkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Lublin Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Gleńsk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Długowska
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Sobieszczańska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kazimiera A Wilk
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Chimi LY, Noubom M, Bisso BN, Singor Njateng GS, Dzoyem JP. Biofilm Formation, Pyocyanin Production, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Wounds. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:1207536. [PMID: 38414729 PMCID: PMC10898945 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1207536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most frequently resistant and dangerous bacteria isolated from infected wounds of patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa from infected wounds of patients in the Dschang District Hospital to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and their ability to swarm and swim and correlate pyocyanin production with biofilm formation. Wound swab samples were collected and the identification of P. aeruginosa was performed using microbiological and biochemical tests. Their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method. Swarming and swimming were determined by measuring the diameters of motility in semisolid/low-viscosity media. Furthermore, pyocyanin production and biofilm formation were evaluated spectrophotometrically using a microtiter plate. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa from infected wounds in our study population was 26%. All P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to streptomycin and paromomycin, and the frequency of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 65.8%. All P. aeruginosa isolates showed the ability to produce biofilm and pyocyanin. Out of the 37 isolates screened, 19 including the reference strains (51.4%) were strong biofilm producers. A significant positive correlation was observed among biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates. Findings from this study suggest that infected wounds could act as a reservoir for MDR and virulent P. aeruginosa. The presence of strong biofilm producers of P. aeruginosa in infected wounds is a serious public health concern. Therefore, surveillance programs to monitor and control MDR P. aeruginosa in these patients are required to prevent their dissemination in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Yetendje Chimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Michel Noubom
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Borel Ndezo Bisso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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14
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Mirzaei R, Campoccia D, Ravaioli S, Arciola CR. Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:184. [PMID: 38391570 PMCID: PMC10885942 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, enigmatic communities of microorganisms enclosed in an extracellular matrix, still represent an open challenge in many clinical contexts, including orthopedics, where biofilm-associated bone and joint infections remain the main cause of implant failure. This study explores the scenario of biofilm infections, with a focus on those related to orthopedic implants, highlighting recently emerged substantial aspects of the pathogenesis and their potential repercussions on the clinic, as well as the progress and gaps that still exist in the diagnostics and management of these infections. The classic mechanisms through which biofilms form and the more recently proposed new ones are depicted. The ways in which bacteria hide, become impenetrable to antibiotics, and evade the immune defenses, creating reservoirs of bacteria difficult to detect and reach, are delineated, such as bacterial dormancy within biofilms, entry into host cells, and penetration into bone canaliculi. New findings on biofilm formation with host components are presented. The article also delves into the emerging and critical concept of immunometabolism, a key function of immune cells that biofilm interferes with. The growing potential of biofilm metabolomics in the diagnosis and therapy of biofilm infections is highlighted, referring to the latest research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Laboratory of Pathology of Implant Infections, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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15
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Muzychka LV, Humeniuk NI, Boiko IO, Vrynchanu NO, Smolii OB. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel triphenylphosphonium-functionalized substituted pyrimidines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14483. [PMID: 38355145 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens leads to a decrease in the number of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infections and prompts researchers to search for new effective antimicrobial drugs. This study reports the synthesis of novel triphenylphosphonium-functionalized substituted pyrimidines and in vitro evaluation of their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Most of the synthesized derivatives showed high antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.39-1.56 μg/mL) against the methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus 222. Compounds 2a and 11 exhibited a high level of antibiofilm activity against S. aureus 222 and E. coli 311. The triphenylphosphonium-containing pyrimidines 11 and 2a reduced S. aureus 222 biofilm formation by 99.1% and 95.8%, respectively. In addition, compound 2a was the most active against E. coli 311 biofilm formation (the biomass decreased by 98.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Muzychka
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia I Humeniuk
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Antimicrobials, SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna O Boiko
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Antimicrobials, SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nina O Vrynchanu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Antimicrobials, SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg B Smolii
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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16
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Graziottin A. Maintaining vulvar, vaginal and perineal health: Clinical considerations. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057231223716. [PMID: 38396383 PMCID: PMC10894559 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231223716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of female genital anatomy and physiology is often inadequate or incorrect among women. Precise patient-physician conversations can be inhibited by a reluctance or inability to speak accurately about the vulva and vagina, with the terms often being used interchangeably. There is a paucity of scientific evidence and clinical guidelines to support women and physicians in ensuring best practices in feminine hygiene. In this review, the unmet needs in the field are highlighted. Evidence is provided for the complex array of physiological and pathological systems, mechanisms and behaviours that either protect or, if inappropriate, predispose the vulva and vagina to infections, irritation or other conditions. The need for attention to perineal health is recommended, given the interdependence of perineal and vulvar microbiota and the risk of colonic pathogens reaching the vulva and the vagina. Differences in feminine hygiene practices can vary widely across the world and among varying age groups, and suboptimal habits (such as vaginal douching or the use of certain cleansers) can be associated with increased risks of vulvar and vaginal conditions. Critical areas for discussion when advising women on their intimate health include: advice surrounding aesthetic vulvar cosmetic trends (such as depilation and genital cosmetic surgery), bowel health and habits, and protection against sexually transmitted infections. Routine, once-daily (maximum twice-daily) washing of the vulva with a pH-balanced, mild cleanser is optimal, ideally soon after bowel voiding, when feasible. Due to the finely balanced ecosystems of the vulva, the vagina and the perineal area, a scientific and clinical perspective is essential when determining the most appropriate vulvar cleansers based on their components. Correct intimate care may contribute to improved genital and sexual health and overall well-being. An increased awareness of correct practices will empower women to be the advocates of their own intimate health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Graziottin
- Centre of Gynaecology and Medical Sexology, San Raffaele Resnati Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Specialty School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Specialty School of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Alessandra Graziottin Foundation for the Cure and Care of Pain in Women, NPO, Milan, Italy
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17
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Vuotto C, Donelli G, Buckley A, Chilton C. Clostridioides difficile Biofilm. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1435:249-272. [PMID: 38175479 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), previously Clostridium difficile infection, is a symptomatic infection of the large intestine caused by the spore-forming anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium Clostridioides difficile. CDI is an important healthcare-associated disease worldwide, characterized by high levels of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. CDI is observed at a higher rate in immunocompromised patients after antimicrobial therapy, with antibiotics disrupting the commensal microbiota and promoting C. difficile colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.A rise in clinical isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics and the reduced susceptibility to the most commonly used antibiotic molecules have made the treatment of CDI more complicated, allowing the persistence of C. difficile in the intestinal environment.Gut colonization and biofilm formation have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis and persistence of C. difficile. In fact, biofilm growth is considered as a serious threat because of the related antimicrobial tolerance that makes antibiotic therapy often ineffective. This is the reason why the involvement of C. difficile biofilm in the pathogenesis and recurrence of CDI is attracting more and more interest, and the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation of C. difficile as well as the role of biofilm in CDI are increasingly being studied by researchers in the field.Findings on C. difficile biofilm, possible implications in CDI pathogenesis and treatment, efficacy of currently available antibiotics in treating biofilm-forming C. difficile strains, and some antimicrobial alternatives under investigation will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vuotto
- Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Anthony Buckley
- Microbiome and Nutritional Sciences Group, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Caroline Chilton
- Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute for Medical Research at St James, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Tang L, Zhang Z, Ding W, Tang J, Deng X, He Q, Kong X, Chen J, Truong TMH, Wang G, Zhu X, Ding W. Preparation, characterization, and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm elimination effect of baicalein-loaded tyrosine/hyaluronic acid/β-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan nano-delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128066. [PMID: 37963503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important cause of infections associated with implanted medical devices due to the formation of bacterial biofilm, which can prevent the penetration of drugs, thus posing a serious multi-drug resistance. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of them. In order to enhance the biofilm elimination effect of Baicalein (BA), a BA-loaded Tyr/HA/CD-CS nano-delivery system was successfully prepared using β-cyclodextrin grafted with chitosan (CD-CS), Hyaluronic Acid (HA), and D-Tyrosine (D-Tyr). The Tyr/HA/CD-CS-BA-NPs have a uniform particle size distribution with a particle size of 238.1 ± 3.06 nm and a PDI of 0.130 ± 0.02. The NPs showed an obvious inhibitory effect on planktonic bacteria with a MIC of 12.5 μg/mL. In vivo and in vitro tests showed that the NPs could enhance the elimination effect of BA on the MRSA biofilm. The results of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), Live & Dead Kit, and colony count experiments illustrated that Tyr/HA/CD-CS-BA-NPs could enhance the permeability of drugs to the biofilm and improve the ability to kill the biofilm bacteria, which may be an important mechanism to enhance the elimination of the MRSA biofilm. These findings will help develop new, effective medicaments for treating bacterial biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Chinese Medicine Preparations, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyou Ding
- College of Basic Courses, Wuhan Donghu University, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuzhen Deng
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiumei He
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinqing Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | | | - Gang Wang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Chinese Medicine Preparations, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Chinese Medicine Preparations, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenya Ding
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Chinese Medicine Preparations, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China.
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Pedroni MA, Ribeiro VST, Cieslinski J, Lopes APDA, Kraft L, Suss PH, Tuon FF. Different concentrations of vancomycin with gentamicin loaded PMMA to inhibit biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and their implications. J Orthop Sci 2024; 29:334-340. [PMID: 36526520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate different concentrations of vancomycin and/or gentamicin loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) against biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS Biofilm production of S. aureus in PMMA loaded with different concentrations of vancomycin and gentamicin were evaluated by quantitative analysis of biofilm cells, scanning electronic microscopy, viability assay, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and checkerboard. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann Whitney test. The difference in colony forming units per mL was significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS All loaded PMMA presented a reduction in the number of colony forming units per mL (p < 0.05). The gentamicin-loaded PMMA could inhibits the grown of sessile cells (p < 0.05), where the group vancomycin 4 g + gentamicin 500 mg presented a better result. The Fourier transform infrared spectra showed no significant differences, and checkerboard of vancomycin and gentamicin showed synergism. CONCLUSION Effects against adherence and bacterial development in PMMA loaded with antibiotics were mainly seen in the group vancomycin 4 g + gentamicin 500 mg, and synergic effect can be applied in antibiotic-loaded cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Pedroni
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Juliette Cieslinski
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Andrade Lopes
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Letícia Kraft
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Paula Hansen Suss
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil.
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Wang J, Liang S, Lu X, Xu Q, Zhu Y, Yu S, Zhang W, Liu S, Xie F. Bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 as a potent antibacterial agent against polymicrobial biofilms formed by enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304932. [PMID: 38152375 PMCID: PMC10751913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus remains a major public health concern worldwide. Furthermore, these microbes frequently co-exist in biofilm-associated infections, largely nullifying antibiotic-based therapy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an efficient therapeutic strategy for combating infections caused by polymicrobial biofilms. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 in vitro. Ply113 exhibited high and rapid lytic activity against E. faecium, E. faecalis, and S. aureus, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Ply113 treatment led to the detachment of bacterial cell walls and considerable cell lysis. Ply113 maintained stable lytic activity over a temperature range of 4-45°C, over a pH range of 5.0-8.0, and in the presence of 0-400 mM NaCl. Ply113 treatment effectively eliminated the mono-species biofilms formed by E. faecium, E. faecalis, and S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Ply113 was also able to eliminate the dual-species biofilms of E. faecium-S. aureus and E. faecalis-S. aureus. Additionally, Ply113 exerted potent antibacterial efficacy in vivo, distinctly decreasing the bacterial loads in a murine peritoneal septicemia model. Our findings suggest that the bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 is a promising antimicrobial agent for the treatment of polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Cancino-Diaz ME, Guerrero-Barajas C, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Cancino-Diaz JC. Nucleotides as Bacterial Second Messengers. Molecules 2023; 28:7996. [PMID: 38138485 PMCID: PMC10745434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to comprising monomers of nucleic acids, nucleotides have signaling functions and act as second messengers in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The most common example is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Nucleotide signaling is a focus of great interest in bacteria. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), cAMP, and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) participate in biological events such as bacterial growth, biofilm formation, sporulation, cell differentiation, motility, and virulence. Moreover, the cyclic-di-nucleotides (c-di-nucleotides) produced in pathogenic intracellular bacteria can affect eukaryotic host cells to allow for infection. On the other hand, non-cyclic nucleotide molecules pppGpp and ppGpp are alarmones involved in regulating the bacterial response to nutritional stress; they are also considered second messengers. These second messengers can potentially be used as therapeutic agents because of their immunological functions on eukaryotic cells. In this review, the role of c-di-nucleotides and cAMP as second messengers in different bacterial processes is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E. Cancino-Diaz
- Departamentos Microbiología and Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio, Plutarco Elías Calles, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11350, Mexico
| | - Claudia Guerrero-Barajas
- Departamento de Bioprocesos, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto, La Laguna Ticoman, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Área Académica de Nutrición y Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan Camino a Tilcuautla s/n, Pueblo San Juan Tilcuautla, Pachuca Hidalgo 42160, Mexico;
| | - Juan C. Cancino-Diaz
- Departamentos Microbiología and Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio, Plutarco Elías Calles, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11350, Mexico
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22
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Roese KHC, Torlone C, Cooper LA, Esposito L, Deveau AM, Röse USR, Burkholder KM. Pyrogallol impairs staphylococcal biofilm formation via induction of bacterial oxidative stress. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad270. [PMID: 37974055 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effect of the phenolic compound pyrogallol on staphylococcal biofilm formation. METHODS AND RESULTS In crystal violet biofilm assays, pyrogallol-reduced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, Staph. epidermidis NRRL-B41021, Staphylococcus aureus USA300, and Staph. aureus Newman, without significantly impairing bacterial viability. Pyrogallol-mediated impairment of biofilm formation was likely due to induction of bacterial oxidative stress, as its effect was greater in catalase-deficient versus WT Staph. aureus, and biofilm production was rescued by exogenous catalase. The effect of pyrogallol on staphylococcal biofilm formation mirrored that of the known oxidant hydrogen peroxide, which also reduced biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Pyrogallol reduces biofilm formation in S. aureus and Staph. epidermidis in a mechanism involving induction of bacterial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina H C Roese
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Christina Torlone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Lauren A Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Lee Esposito
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Amy M Deveau
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Ursula S R Röse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Kristin M Burkholder
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
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23
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Gedefie A, Alemayehu E, Mohammed O, Bambo GM, Kebede SS, Kebede B. Prevalence of biofilm producing Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287211. [PMID: 38032906 PMCID: PMC10688650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii, the first human pathogen to be designated as a "red-alert" pathogen, is on the critical priority list of pathogens requiring new antibiotics. Biofilm-associated diseases are the most common infections caused by the antibiotic-resistant bacteria A. baumannii. Multidrug-resistant strains are more easily transmitted around the world due to A. baumannii's ability to produce biofilms, which allows it to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms and thrive in healthcare environments. As a result, A. baumannii infections are becoming increasingly common in hospital settings allover the world. As a result, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to determine the global prevalence of biofilm-producing A. baumannii clinical isolates. METHODS Articles were extensively searched in bibliographic databases and grey literatures using entry terms or phrases. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were extracted in MS Excel and exported into STATA version 12 software for statistical analysis. A random-effects model was used to compute the pooled prevalence of biofilm-producing A. baumannii clinical isolates. The heterogeneity was quantified by using the I2 value. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was done to assess the impact of a single study on pooled effect size. RESULT Of the 862 studies identified, 26 studies consisted of 2123 A.baumannii clinical isolates of which 1456 were biofilm-producing. The pooled prevalence of biofilm-producing A.baumannii clinical isolates was 65.63% (95% CI = 56.70%-74.56%). There was substantial heterogeneity with an I2 value of 98.1%. Moreover, 41.34%, 33.57%, and 27.63% of isolates of strong, mild, and weak producers of biofilm. Higher prevalence was found in studies published after 2014 (66.31%); Western Pacific region (76.17%); and Asia (66.22%) followed by the African continent (57.29%). CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of biofilm-producing A. baumannii clinical isolates has risen alarmingly, posing a public health risk. This indicates the burden of biofilm-producing A. baumannii infections urges routine screening and appropriate treatment for better management of hospitalized patients, as well as effective controlling of the emergence of drug resistance. Furthermore, this finding is an alert call for the stakeholders to develop strong infection prevention and antibiotics stewardship programs for the prevention and control of biofilm-producing bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gedefie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ermiyas Alemayehu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ousman Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Mesfin Bambo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Sahile Kebede
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Kebede
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
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24
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Aguilar-Llanos E, Carrera-Pacheco SE, González-Pastor R, Zúñiga-Miranda J, Rodríguez-Pólit C, Mayorga-Ramos A, Carrillo-Naranjo O, Guamán LP, Romero-Benavides JC, Cevallos-Morillo C, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Alcívar-León CD, Heredia-Moya J. Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Biological Activities of Schiff-Base Derivatives of 4-Aminoantipyrine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42632-42646. [PMID: 38024734 PMCID: PMC10652364 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Eight Schiff bases, synthesized by the reaction of 4-aminoantipyrine with different cinnamaldehydes, were studied in the solid state by using vibrational spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The analysis was extended to the solution phase through ultraviolet-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Finally, the crystal structures of four compounds (3b, 3d, 3g, and 3h) were determined and studied. In addition to the experimental study, theoretical calculations using the semiempirical method PM6/ZDO were performed to understand better the compound's molecular properties, UV-vis, and infrared spectra. The primary difference is the angular conformation of the terminal phenyl rings around the corresponding linking C-N and C-C σ-bonds. Furthermore, as a result of extended bonding, the > C=N- azomethine group-containing Cpyr-N=(CH)-(CR)=(CH)-Cbz chain (with R=H for 3b, 3d, and 3h, and R=CH3 for 3g) is planar, nearly coplanar, with the mean plane of the pyrazole ring. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis was used to investigate the crystal packing and intermolecular interactions, which revealed that intermolecular C-H···O and C-H···N hydrogen bonds, π···π stacking, and C-H···π and C=O···π interactions stabilize the compounds. The energy contributions to the lattice energies of potential hydrogen bonds were primarily dispersive and repulsive. All derivatives were tested in vitro on LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages to assess their ability to suppress the LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Only a slight reduction in the level of NO production was found in activated macrophages treated with 3h. Additionally, the derivatives were tested for antimicrobial activity against several clinical bacteria and fungi strains, including three biofilm-forming microorganisms. Nevertheless, only Schiff base 3f showed interesting antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 15.6 μM against Enterobacter gergoviae. On the other hand, Schiff base 3f and, to a lesser extent, 3b and 3h showed antifungal activity against clinical isolates of Candida. The lowest MIC value was for 3f against Candida albicans (15.6 μM). It is interesting to note that the same Schiff bases exhibit the highest activity in both biological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Aguilar-Llanos
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Central del Ecuador, Francisco Viteri s/n y Gilberto Gato Sobral, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias
de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad
UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Rebeca González-Pastor
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias
de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad
UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Johana Zúñiga-Miranda
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias
de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad
UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pólit
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias
de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad
UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Arianna Mayorga-Ramos
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias
de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad
UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Oscar Carrillo-Naranjo
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias
de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad
UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Linda P. Guamán
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias
de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad
UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Juan Carlos Romero-Benavides
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Cevallos-Morillo
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Central del Ecuador, Francisco Viteri s/n y Gilberto Gato Sobral, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo A. Echeverría
- Departamento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Institute IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La
Plata), C. C. 67, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Piro
- Departamento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Institute IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La
Plata), C. C. 67, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Christian D. Alcívar-León
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Central del Ecuador, Francisco Viteri s/n y Gilberto Gato Sobral, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias
de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad
UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
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25
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Mushtaq F, Raza SM, Ahmad A, Aslam H, Adeel A, Saleem S, Ahmad I. Antimicrobial drug resistant features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with treatment failure. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293194. [PMID: 37883448 PMCID: PMC10602240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis stands as a prominent cause of mortality in developing countries. The treatment of tuberculosis involves a complex procedure requiring the administration of a panel of at least four antimicrobial drugs for the duration of six months. The occurrence of treatment failure after the completion of a standard treatment course presents a serious medical problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial drug resistant features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with treatment failure. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of second line drugs such as amikacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and the efflux pump inhibitor verapamil against M. tuberculosis isolates associated with treatment failure. We monitored 1200 tuberculosis patients who visited TB centres in Lahore and found that 64 of them were not cured after six months of treatment. Among the M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from the sputum of these 64 patients, 46 (71.9%) isolates were simultaneously resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid (MDR), and 30 (46.9%) isolates were resistant to pyrazinamide, Resistance to amikacin was detected in 17 (26,5%) isolates whereas resistance to moxifloxacin and linezolid was detected in 1 (1.5%) and 2 (3.1%) isolates respectively. Among MDR isolates, the additional resistance to pyrazinamide, amikacin, and linezolid was detected in 15(23.4%), 4(2.6%) and 1(1.56%) isolates respectively. One isolate simultaneously resistant to rifampicin, isoniazid, amikacin, pyrazinamide, and linezolid was also identified. In our investigations, the most frequently mutated amino acid in the treatment failure group was Serine 315 in katG. Three novel mutations were detected at codons 99, 149 and 154 in pncA which were associated with pyrazinamide resistance. The effect of verapamil on the minimum inhibitory concentration of isoniazid and rifampicin was observed in drug susceptible isolates but not in drug resistant isolates. Rifampicin and isoniazid enhanced the transcription of the efflux pump gene rv1258 in drug susceptible isolates collected from the treatment failure patients. Our findings emphasize a high prevalence of MDR isolates linked primarily to drug exposure. Moreover, the use of amikacin as a second line drug may not be the most suitable choice in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Mushtaq
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Syed Mohsin Raza
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Aslam
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atiqa Adeel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Saleem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Sultan M, Arya R, Chaurasia AK, Kim KK. Sensor histidine kinases kdpD and aauS regulate biofilm and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1270667. [PMID: 37881370 PMCID: PMC10595159 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1270667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic human pathogen that utilizes two-component systems (TCSs) to sense pathophysiological signals and coordinate virulence. P. aeruginosa contains 64 sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and 72 response regulators (RRs) that play important roles in metabolism, bacterial physiology, and virulence. However, the role of some TCSs in virulence remains uncharacterized. In this study, we evaluated the virulence potential of some uncharacterized sensor HK and RR knockouts in P. aeruginosa using a Galleria mellonella infection model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KdpD and AauS HKs regulate virulence by affecting P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and motility. Both ΔkdpD and ΔaauS showed reduced biofilm and motility which were confirmed by restored phenotypes upon complementation. Moreover, ΔkdpD and ΔaauS exhibited increased survival of HeLa cells and G. mellonella during in vivo infection. Altered expression of the transcriptional regulators anR and lasR, along with the virulence genes lasA, pelA, cupA, pqsA, pqsB, pqsC, and pqsD in the mutant strains elucidated the mechanism by which ΔkdpD and ΔaauS affect virulence. These findings confirm that kdpD and aauS play important roles in P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by regulating biofilm formation and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sultan
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rekha Arya
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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27
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Kalia VC, Patel SKS, Lee JK. Bacterial biofilm inhibitors: An overview. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115389. [PMID: 37634478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria that cause infectious diseases adopt biofilms as one of their most prevalent lifestyles. Biofilms enable bacteria to tolerate environmental stress and evade antibacterial agents. This bacterial defense mechanism has rendered the use of antibiotics ineffective for the treatment of infectious diseases. However, many highly drug-resistant microbes have rapidly emerged owing to such treatments. Different signaling mechanisms regulate bacterial biofilm formation, including cyclic dinucleotide (c-di-GMP), small non-coding RNAs, and quorum sensing (QS). A cell density-dependent phenomenon, QS is associated with c-di-GMP (a global messenger), which regulates gene expression related to adhesion, extracellular matrix production, the transition from the planktonic to biofilm stage, stability, pathogenicity, virulence, and acquisition of nutrients. The article aims to provide information on inhibiting biofilm formation and disintegrating mature/preformed biofilms. This treatment enables antimicrobials to target the free-living/exposed bacterial cells at lower concentrations than those needed to treat bacteria within the biofilm. Therefore, a complementary action of antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents can be a robust strategic approach to dealing with infectious diseases. Taken together, these molecules have broad implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Rivera M. Mobilization of iron stored in bacterioferritin, a new target for perturbing iron homeostasis and developing antibacterial and antibiofilm molecules. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112306. [PMID: 37451083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. The care of chronic infections is complicated by bacterial biofilms. Biofilm embedded cells can be up to 1000-fold more tolerant to antibiotic treatment than planktonic cells. Antibiotic tolerance is a condition which does not involve mutation and enables bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics. The antibiotic tolerance of biofilm-cells often renders antibiotics ineffective, even against strains that do not carry resistance-impairing mutations. This review discusses bacterial iron homeostasis and the strategies being developed to target this bacterial vulnerability, with emphasis on a recently proposed approach which aims at targeting the iron storage protein bacterioferritin (Bfr) and its physiological partner, the ferredoxin Bfd. Bfr regulates cytosolic iron concentrations by oxidizing Fe2+ and storing Fe3+ in its internal cavity, and by forming a complex with Bfd to reduce Fe3+ in the internal cavity and release Fe2+ to the cytosol. Blocking the Bfr-Bfd complex in P. aeruginosa cells causes an irreversible accumulation of Fe3+ in BfrB and simultaneous cytosolic iron depletion, which leads to impaired biofilm maintenance and biofilm cell death. Recently discovered small molecule inhibitors of the Bfr-Bfd complex, which bind Bfr at the Bfd binding site, inhibit iron mobilization, and elicit biofilm cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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29
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Silva E, Teixeira JA, Pereira MO, Rocha CMR, Sousa AM. Evolving biofilm inhibition and eradication in clinical settings through plant-based antibiofilm agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154973. [PMID: 37499434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After almost 100 years since evidence of biofilm mode of growth and decades of intensive investigation about their formation, regulatory pathways and mechanisms of antimicrobial tolerance, nowadays there are still no therapeutic solutions to eradicate bacterial biofilms and their biomedical related issues. PURPOSE This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent and most relevant published studies on plant-based products, or their isolated compounds with antibiofilm activity mechanisms of action or identified molecular targets against bacterial biofilms. The objective is to offer a new perspective of most recent data for clinical researchers aiming to prevent or eliminate biofilm-associated infections caused by bacterial pathogens. METHODS The search was performed considering original research articles published on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from 2015 to April 2023, using keywords such as "antibiofilm", "antivirulence", "phytochemicals" and "plant extracts". RESULTS Over 180 articles were considered for this review with a focus on the priority human pathogens listed by World Health Organization, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Inhibition and detachment or dismantling of biofilms formed by these pathogens were found using plant-based extract/products or derivative compounds. Although combination of plant-based products and antibiotics were recorded and discussed, this topic is currently poorly explored and only for a reduced number of bacterial species. CONCLUSIONS This review clearly demonstrates that plant-based products or derivative compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eliminate bacterial biofilms and their associated infections. After thoroughly reviewing the vast amount of research carried out over years, it was concluded that plant-based products are mostly able to prevent biofilm formation through inhibition of quorum sensing signals, but also to disrupt mature biofilms developed by multidrug resistant bacteria targeting the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds seemed the most effective against bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olivia Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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30
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Peng Q, Tang X, Dong W, Zhi Z, Zhong T, Lin S, Ye J, Qian X, Chen F, Yuan W. Carvacrol inhibits bacterial polysaccharide intracellular adhesin synthesis and biofilm formation of mucoid Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro and in vivo study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28743-28752. [PMID: 37807974 PMCID: PMC10552078 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the important human pathogens and causes both superficial and systemic infections. More importantly, the formation of S. aureus biofilms, a main cause of its pathogenicity and drug resistance, has been a critical challenge in clinical treatment. Carvacrol, a plant-based natural product, has gained great interest for therapeutic purposes due to its effective biological activity with low cytotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of carvacrol on anti-biofilm activity. Growth curve analysis showed that applying a sub-inhibitory concentration of carvacrol (4 μg mL-1) was not lethal to S. aureus SYN; however, the inhibition rate of biofilm formation was as high as 63.6%, and the clearance rate of mature biofilms was as high as 30.7%. In addition, carvacrol effectively reduced the production of biofilm-associated extracellular polysaccharides and showed no effect on eDNA release. Furthermore, qPCR analysis revealed that carvacrol significantly down-regulated the expression of icaA, icaB, icaC, agrA, and sarA (P < 0.05). The in vivo efficacy of carvacrol against biofilm infection was further verified with a biological model of G. mellonella larvae. The results showed that carvacrol was non-toxic to the larvae and can effectively increase the survival rate of the larvae infected with S. aureus strain SYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
| | - Xiaohua Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510150 PR China
| | - Wanyang Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
| | - Ziling Zhi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
| | - Shunan Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
| | - Jingyi Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
| | - Xiping Qian
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
| | - Fu Chen
- Panyu District Health Management Center Guangzhou 511450 PR China
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510180 PR China
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Adnan M, Siddiqui AJ, Ashraf SA, Ashraf MS, Alomrani SO, Alreshidi M, Tepe B, Sachidanandan M, Danciu C, Patel M. Saponin-Derived Silver Nanoparticles from Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa Dates) Exhibit Broad-Spectrum Bioactivities Combating Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1415. [PMID: 37760712 PMCID: PMC10525761 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to humankind, emphasizing the need for alternative antimicrobial agents. This study focuses on investigating the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum-sensing (anti-QS) activities of saponin-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-S) obtained from Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The design and synthesis of these novel nanoparticles were explored in the context of developing alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. The Ajwa date saponin extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent to synthesize AgNPs-S, which was characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biosynthesized AgNPs-S exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to their capability to disrupt bacterial cell membranes and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein contents. The AgNPs-S effectively inhibited biofilm formation and quorum-sensing (QS) activity by interfering with QS signaling molecules, which play a pivotal role in bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. Furthermore, the AgNPs-S demonstrated significant antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and cytotoxicity against small lung cancer cells (A549 cells). Overall, the findings of the present study provide valuable insights into the potential use of these nanoparticles as alternative therapeutic agents for the design and development of novel antibiotics. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the possible mechanism involved and safety concerns when it is used in vivo, paving the way for future therapeutic applications in combating bacterial infections and overcoming antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medial Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Saquib Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Riyadh ELM University, Riyadh 12734, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Owdah Alomrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 66252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Kilis 7 Aralik University, TR-79000 Kilis, Turkey
| | - Manojkumar Sachidanandan
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Research and Development Cell, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
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32
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Mukherjee S, Bhattacharjee S, Paul S, Nath S, Paul S. Biofilm-a Syntrophic Consortia of Microbial Cells: Boon or Bane? Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5583-5604. [PMID: 35829902 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is the conglomeration of microbial cells which is associated with a surface. In the recent times, the study of biofilm has gained popularity and vivid research is being done to know about the effects of biofilm and that it consists of many organisms which are symbiotic in nature, some of which are human pathogens. Here, in this study, we have discussed about biofilms, its formation, relevance of its presence in the biosphere, and the possible remediations to cope up with its negative effects. Since removal of biofilm is difficult, emphasis has been made to suggest ways to prevent biofilm formation and also to devise ways to utilize biofilm in an economically and environment-friendly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Shreya Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Sharanya Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Somava Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Sonali Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India.
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Nicholls P, Clark JR, Gu Liu C, Terwilliger A, Maresso AW. Class-Driven Synergy and Antagonism between a Pseudomonas Phage and Antibiotics. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0006523. [PMID: 37404162 PMCID: PMC10429645 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00065-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for severe infections in patients with burns, cystic fibrosis, and neutropenia. Biofilm formation gives physical refuge and a protected microenvironment for sessile cells, rendering cure by antibiotics a challenge. Bacteriophages have evolved to prey on these biofilms over millions of years, using hydrolases and depolymerases to penetrate biofilms and reach cellular targets. Here, we assessed how a newly discovered KMV-like phage (ΦJB10) interacts with antibiotics to treat P. aeruginosa more effectively in both planktonic and biofilm forms. By testing representatives of four classes of antibiotics (cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems), we demonstrated class-dependent interactions between ΦJB10 and antibiotics in both biofilm clearance and P. aeruginosa killing. Despite identifying antagonism between some antibiotic classes and ΦJB10 at early time points, all classes showed neutral to favorable interactions with the phage at later time points. In one notable example where the antibiotic alone had poor activity against both biofilm and high-density planktonic cells, we found that addition of ΦJB10 demonstrated synergy and resulted in effective treatment of both. Further, ΦJB10 seemed to act as an adjuvant to several antibiotics, reducing the concentration of antibiotics required to ablate the biofilm. This report shows that phages such as ΦJB10 may be valuable additions to the armamentarium against difficult-to-treat biofilm-based infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nicholls
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin R. Clark
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen Gu Liu
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Austen Terwilliger
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony W. Maresso
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Varponi I, Ferro S, Menilli L, Grapputo A, Moret F, Mastrotto F, Marin O, Sandrelli F. Fighting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of D-Q53 CecB, a Synthetic Analog of a Silkworm Natural Cecropin B Variant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12496. [PMID: 37569868 PMCID: PMC10419416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium responsible for severe nosocomial infections and is considered a critical pulmonary pathogen for both immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients. Planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa possess intrinsic and acquired resistances, inactivating several classes of conventional antibiotics. Additionally, this bacterium can grow, forming biofilms, and complex structures, further hampering the action of multiple antibiotics. Here, we report the biological properties of D-Q53 CecB, an all-D enantiomer of the silkworm natural peptide Q53 CecB. Compared to the L-variant, D-Q53 CecB was resistant to in vitro degradation by humans and P. aeruginosa elastases and showed an enhanced bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa planktonic bacteria. D-Q53 CecB was thermostable and maintained its antimicrobial activity at high salt concentrations and in the presence of divalent cations or fetal-bovine serum, although at reduced levels. Against different types of human cells, D-Q53 CecB showed cytotoxic phenomena at concentrations several folds higher compared to those active against P. aeruginosa. When L- and D-Q53 CecB were compared for their antibiofilm properties, both peptides were active in inhibiting biofilm formation. However, the D-enantiomer was extremely effective in inducing biofilm degradation, suggesting this peptide as a favorable candidate in an anti-Pseudomonas therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Varponi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (O.M.)
| | - Luca Menilli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Alessandro Grapputo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.M.)
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (O.M.)
| | - Federica Sandrelli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.M.)
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35
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Das A, Patro S, Simnani FZ, Singh D, Sinha A, Kumari K, Rao PV, Singh S, Kaushik NK, Panda PK, Suar M, Verma SK. Biofilm modifiers: The disparity in paradigm of oral biofilm ecosystem. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114966. [PMID: 37269809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A biofilm is a population of sessile microorganisms that has a distinct organized structure and characteristics like channels and projections. Good oral hygiene and reduction in the prevalence of periodontal diseases arise from minimal biofilm accumulation in the mouth, however, studies focusing on modifying the ecology of oral biofilms have not yet been consistently effective. The self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances and greater antibiotic resistance make it difficult to target and eliminate biofilm infections, which lead to serious clinical consequences that are often lethal. Therefore, a better understanding is required to target and modify the ecology of biofilms in order to eradicate the infection, not only in instances of oral disorders but also in terms of nosocomial infections. The review focuses on several biofilm ecology modifiers to prevent biofilm infections, as well as the involvement of biofilm in antibiotic resistance, implants or in-dwelling device contamination, dental caries, and other periodontal disorders. It also discusses recent advances in nanotechnology that may lead to novel strategies for preventing and treating infections caused by biofilms as well as a novel outlook to infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antarikshya Das
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Swadheena Patro
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
| | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Khushbu Kumari
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Patnala Vedika Rao
- KIIT School of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sarita Singh
- BVG Life Sciences Limited, Sagar Complex, Old Pune-Mumbai Road, Chinchwad, Pune 411034, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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Serretiello E, Manente R, Dell’Annunziata F, Folliero V, Iervolino D, Casolaro V, Perrella A, Santoro E, Galdiero M, Capunzo M, Franci G, Boccia G. Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1918. [PMID: 37630478 PMCID: PMC10458743 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen causing several serious acute and chronic infections in the nosocomial and community settings. PA eradication has become increasingly difficult due to its remarkable ability to evade antibiotics. Therefore, epidemiological studies are needed to limit the infection and aim for the correct treatment. The present retrospective study focused on PA presence among samples collected at the San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital in Salerno, Italy; its resistance profile and relative variations over the eight years were analyzed. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by VITEK® 2. In the 2015-2019 and 2020-2022 timeframes, respectively, 1739 and 1307 isolates of PA were obtained from respiratory samples, wound swabs, urine cultures, cultural swabs, blood, liquor, catheter cultures, vaginal swabs, and others. During 2015-2019, PA strains exhibited low resistance against amikacin (17.2%), gentamicin (25.2%), and cefepime (28.3%); moderate resistance against ceftazidime (34.4%), imipenem (34.6%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (37.7%); and high resistance against ciprofloxacin (42.4%) and levofloxacin (50.6%). Conversely, during the 2020-2022 era, PA showed 11.7, 21.1, 26.9, 32.6, 33.1, 38.7, and 39.8% resistance to amikacin, tobramycin, cefepime, imipenem, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin/tazobactam, respectively. An overall resistance-decreasing trend was observed for imipenem and gentamicin during 2015-2019. Instead, a significant increase in resistance was recorded for cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem in the second set of years investigated. Monitoring sentinel germs represents a key factor in optimizing empirical therapy to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Serretiello
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (E.S.); (M.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Roberta Manente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (F.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (F.D.); (M.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (V.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (V.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Domenico Iervolino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (V.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Alessandro Perrella
- Division Emerging Infectious Disease and High Contagiousness, Hospital D Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (V.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (F.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (E.S.); (M.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (V.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (E.S.); (M.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (V.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (E.S.); (M.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (V.C.); (E.S.)
- UOC Hospital and Epidemiological Hygiene, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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Rajaramon S, Shanmugam K, Dandela R, Solomon AP. Emerging evidence-based innovative approaches to control catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134433. [PMID: 37560318 PMCID: PMC10407108 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare settings have dramatically advanced the latest medical devices, such as urinary catheters (UC) for infection, prevention, and control (IPC). The continuous or intermittent flow of a warm and conducive (urine) medium in the medical device, the urinary catheter, promotes the formation of biofilms and encrustations, thereby leading to the incidence of CAUTI. Additionally, the absence of an innate immune host response in and around the lumen of the catheter reduces microbial phagocytosis and drug action. Hence, the review comprehensively overviews the challenges posed by CAUTI and associated risks in patients' morbidity and mortality. Also, detailed, up-to-date information on the various strategies that blended/tailored the surface properties of UC to have anti-fouling, biocidal, and anti-adhesive properties to provide an outlook on how they can be better managed with futuristic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana Rajaramon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Karthi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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38
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Maione A, Imparato M, Galdiero M, Alteriis ED, Feola A, Galdiero E, Guida M. Effect of Escin Alone or in Combination with Antifungal Agents on Resistant Candida glabrata Biofilms: Mechanisms of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1210. [PMID: 37508306 PMCID: PMC10376425 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the increase in antimicrobial-resistant fungi (AMR) is certainly a major health concern, and the development of alternative therapeutic strategies has become crucial. Natural products have been used to treat various infections, and their chemical properties contribute to the performance of their biological activities, such as antifungal action. The various virulence factors and mechanisms of resistance to antifungals contribute to making Candida glabrata one of the most frequent agents of candidiasis. Here we investigate the in vitro and in vivo activity of β-escin against Candida glabrata. The β-escin MICs were determined for a reference strain and two clinical isolates of C. glabrata. Furthermore, growth kinetics assays and biofilm inhibition/eradication assays (crystal violet) were performed. The differences in the expression of some anti-biofilm-associated genes were analyzed during biofilm inhibition treatment so that reactive oxygen species could be detected. The efficacy of β-escin was evaluated in combination with fluconazole, ketoconazole, and itraconazole. In addition, a Galleria mellonella infection model was used for in vivo treatment assays. Results have shown that β-escin had no toxicity in vitro or in vivo and was able to inhibit or destroy biofilm formation by downregulating some important genes, inducing ROS activity and affecting the membrane integrity of C. glabrata cells. Furthermore, our study suggests that the combination with azoles can have synergistic effects against C. glabrata biofilm. In summary, the discovery of new antifungal drugs against these resistant fungi is crucial and could potentially lead to the development of future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Imparato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta de Alteriis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Naples, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Naples, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
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Zhang D, Yin F, Qin Q, Qiao L. Molecular responses during bacterial filamentation reveal inhibition methods of drug-resistant bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301170120. [PMID: 37364094 PMCID: PMC10318954 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301170120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most significant challenges to current human society. Exposing bacteria to antibiotics can activate their self-saving responses, e.g., filamentation, leading to the development of bacterial AMR. Understanding the molecular changes during the self-saving responses can reveal new inhibition methods of drug-resistant bacteria. Herein, we used an online microfluidics mass spectrometry system for real-time characterization of metabolic changes of bacteria during filamentation under the stimulus of antibiotics. Significant pathways, e.g., nucleotide metabolism and coenzyme A biosynthesis, correlated to the filamentation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) were identified. A cyclic dinucleotide, c-di-GMP, which is derived from nucleotide metabolism and reported closely related to bacterial resistance and tolerance, was observed significantly up-regulated during the bacterial filamentation. By using a chemical inhibitor, ebselen, to inhibit diguanylate cyclases which catalyzes the synthesis of c-di-GMP, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone against ESBL-E. coli was significantly decreased. This inhibitory effect was also verified with other ESBL-E. coli strains and other beta-lactam antibiotics, i.e., ampicillin. A mutant strain of ESBL-E. coli by knocking out the dgcM gene was used to demonstrate that the inhibition of the antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams by ebselen was mediated through the inhibition of the diguanylate cyclase DgcM and the modulation of c-di-GMP levels. Our study uncovers the molecular changes during bacterial filamentation and proposes a method to inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria by combining traditional antibiotics and chemical inhibitors against the enzymes involved in bacterial self-saving responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Changhai Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
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Qin J, Yu L, Peng F, Ye X, Li G, Sun C, Cheng F, Peng C, Xie X. Tannin extracted from Penthorum chinense Pursh, a potential drug with antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1134207. [PMID: 37465024 PMCID: PMC10351983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen. Due to the widespread use and abuse of antibiotics, various drug-resistant strains of S. aureus have emerged, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being the most prevalent. Bacterial biofilm is a significant contributor to bacterial infection and drug resistance. Consequently, bacterial biofilm formation has emerged as a therapeutic strategy. In this study, the chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of tannins isolated from Penthorum chinense Pursh (TPCP) were investigated. In vitro, TPCP exhibited antimicrobial properties. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA were 156.25 and 312.5 μg/mL, and 312.5 and 625 μg/mL, respectively. According to the growth curves, TPCP significantly inhibited the growth of MSSA and MRSA. The results of the crystal violet biofilm assay in conjunction with confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that TPCP destroyed preformed MSSA and MRSA biofilms. TPCP significantly decreased the secretion of exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA. Subsequently, the mechanism was investigated using RT-PCR. Examining the expression of icaA, cidA, sigB, agrA, and sarA genes in MRSA, we discovered that TPCP inhibited biofilm formation by affecting the quorum-sensing system in bacteria. Our study demonstrates that TPCP exerts antibacterial effects by disrupting the formation of bacterial biofilms, suggesting that TPCP has clinical potential as a novel antibacterial agent for the prevention and treatment of MSSA and MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gangmin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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41
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He Y, Vasilev K, Zilm P. pH-Responsive Biomaterials for the Treatment of Dental Caries-A Focussed and Critical Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1837. [PMID: 37514024 PMCID: PMC10385394 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common and costly multifactorial biofilm disease caused by cariogenic bacteria that ferment carbohydrates to lactic acid, demineralizing the inorganic component of teeth. Therefore, low pH (pH 4.5) is a characteristic signal of the localised carious environment, compared to a healthy oral pH range (6.8 to 7.4). The development of pH-responsive delivery systems that release antibacterial agents in response to low pH has gained attention as a targeted therapy for dental caries. Release is triggered by high levels of acidogenic species and their reduction may select for the establishment of health-associated biofilm communities. Moreover, drug efficacy can be amplified by the modification of the delivery system to target adhesion to the plaque biofilm to extend the retention time of antimicrobial agents in the oral cavity. In this review, recent developments of different pH-responsive nanocarriers and their biofilm targeting mechanisms are discussed. This review critically discusses the current state of the art and innovations in the development and use of smart delivery materials for dental caries treatment. The authors' views for the future of the field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping He
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Peter Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Tran TMT, Addison RS, Davis RA, Rehm BHA. Bromotyrosine-Derived Metabolites from a Marine Sponge Inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10204. [PMID: 37373352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms stable biofilms, providing a major barrier for multiple classes of antibiotics and severely impairing treatment of infected patients. The biofilm matrix of this Gram-negative bacterium is primarily composed of three major exopolysaccharides: alginate, Psl, and Pel. Here, we studied the antibiofilm properties of sponge-derived natural products ianthelliformisamines A-C and their combinations with clinically used antibiotics. Wild-type P. aeruginosa strain and its isogenic exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants were employed to determine the interference of the compounds with biofilm matrix components. We identified that ianthelliformisamines A and B worked synergistically with ciprofloxacin to kill planktonic and biofilm cells. Ianthelliformisamines A and B reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin to 1/3 and 1/4 MICs, respectively. In contrast, ianthelliformisamine C (MIC = 53.1 µg/mL) alone exhibited bactericidal effects dose-dependently on both free-living and biofilm populations of wild-type PAO1, PAO1ΔpslA (Psl deficient), PDO300 (alginate overproducing and mimicking clinical isolates), and PDO300Δalg8 (alginate deficient). Interestingly, the biofilm of the clinically relevant mucoid variant PDO300 was more susceptible to ianthelliformisamine C than strains with impaired polysaccharide synthesis. Ianthelliformisamines exhibited low cytotoxicity towards HEK293 cells in the resazurin viability assay. Mechanism of action studies showed that ianthelliformisamine C inhibited the efflux pump of P. aeruginosa. Metabolic stability analyses indicated that ianthelliformisamine C is stable and ianthelliformisamines A and B are rapidly degraded. Overall, these findings suggest that the ianthelliformisamine chemotype could be a promising candidate for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam M T Tran
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Russell S Addison
- Preclinical ADME/PK, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- NatureBank, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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43
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Nassar R, Nassar M, Senok A, Williams D. Phytic Acid Demonstrates Rapid Antibiofilm Activity and Inhibits Biofilm Formation When Used as a Surface Conditioning Agent. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0026723. [PMID: 37191582 PMCID: PMC10269681 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00267-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Root canal infections are associated with biofilms and are treated with chemical irrigants with a high success rate. However, treatment failure does arise, which is attributed primarily to resistance exhibited by biofilms. Currently used irrigants in root canal treatment have disadvantages, and there is therefore a need for more biocompatible alternatives with antibiofilm properties to reduce root canal treatment failure and complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibiofilm properties of phytic acid (IP6), which is a potential alternative treatment agent. Single- and dual-species biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were developed on the well surfaces of 12-well plates and on hydroxyapatite (HA) coupons, and then exposed to IP6. In addition, selected HA coupons were preconditioned with IP6 before biofilm development. IP6 demonstrated bactericidal effects and altered the metabolic activity of biofilm cells. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy showed that IP6 caused significant and rapid reduction in live biofilm cells. At sublethal concentrations, IP6 did not alter the expression of tested virulence genes except for C. albicans hwp1, the expression of which was upregulated but not reflected by a change in hyphal transformation. IP6-preconditioned HA coupons led to extensive inhibition of dual-species biofilm formation. The results of this study highlight for the first time the antibiofilm inhibitory properties of IP6 and the potential for its exploitation in several clinical applications. IMPORTANCE Root canal infections are biofilm associated, and despite mechanical and chemical treatment procedures, infection recurrence occurs, and this is likely due to the high tolerance of associated biofilms to antimicrobials. The currently used treatment agents have several disadvantages, which necessitates the search for new improved agents. In this study, the natural chemical phytic acid was found to exhibit antibiofilm activity against established mono and dual mature biofilms over a short contact time. Most importantly, phytic acid was found to cause significant inhibition of dual-species biofilm formation when used as a surface preconditioning agent. The findings of this study identified a novel use of phytic acid as a potential antibiofilm agent that can be used in several clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Williams
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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44
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Yuan L, Straub H, Shishaeva L, Ren Q. Microfluidics for Biofilm Studies. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:139-159. [PMID: 37314876 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular communities held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix and exhibit a set of properties that distinguish them from free-living bacteria. Biofilms are exposed to a variety of mechanical and chemical cues resulting from fluid motion and mass transport. Microfluidics provides the precise control of hydrodynamic and physicochemical microenvironments to study biofilms in general. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made in microfluidics-based biofilm research, including understanding the mechanism of bacterial adhesion and biofilm development, assessment of antifouling and antimicrobial properties, development of advanced in vitro infection models, and advancement in methods to characterize biofilms. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future direction of microfluidics-assisted biofilm research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yuan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China;
| | - Hervé Straub
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Liubov Shishaeva
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
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45
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Oknin H, Kroupitski Y, Shemesh M, Blum S. Upregulation of ica Operon Governs Biofilm Formation by a Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus caprae. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1533. [PMID: 37375035 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus caprae is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which appears as commensal in the skin, as well as a prevalent mastitis pathogen of goats. Occasionally, it is also associated with infections in humans. Biofilm formation has been identified as a putative virulence factor in S. caprae. Biofilms are multicellular communities protected by a self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM), which facilitates the resistance of bacterial cells to antimicrobial treatments. The ECM is constructed by exopolysaccharides, including the major exopolysaccharide-polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA), regulated by the ica operon in Staphylococcus species. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of the ica operon in relation to biofilm formation in S. caprae. Results showed that within a few hours of growth, S. caprae could adhere to polystyrene surfaces, start to accumulate, and form biofilm. Peak biofilm biomass and maturation were reached after 48 h, followed by a reduction in biomass after 72 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed the expression of matrix-associated proteins and polysaccharides at various time points. The expression dynamics of the ica operon were investigated using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT)-qPCR, which showed elevated expression during the early stages of biofilm formation and subsequent downregulation throughout the biofilm aging process. In conclusion, our results show that the ica operon is essential in regulating biofilm formation in S. caprae, similar to other Staphylococcus species. Furthermore, the robustness of the observed biofilm phenotype could account for the successful intramammary colonization and may explain disease persistence caused by this pathogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Oknin
- Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Rishon LeZion 7534503, Israel
| | - Yulia Kroupitski
- Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Moshe Shemesh
- Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Shlomo Blum
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Rishon LeZion 7534503, Israel
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46
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Abdelhamid AG, Yousef AE. Combating Bacterial Biofilms: Current and Emerging Antibiofilm Strategies for Treating Persistent Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1005. [PMID: 37370324 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are intricate multicellular structures created by microorganisms on living (biotic) or nonliving (abiotic) surfaces. Medically, biofilms often lead to persistent infections, increased antibiotic resistance, and recurrence of infections. In this review, we highlighted the clinical problem associated with biofilm infections and focused on current and emerging antibiofilm strategies. These strategies are often directed at disrupting quorum sensing, which is crucial for biofilm formation, preventing bacterial adhesion to surfaces, impeding bacterial aggregation in viscous mucus layers, degrading the extracellular polymeric matrix, and developing nanoparticle-based antimicrobial drug complexes which target persistent cells within the biofilm core. It is important to acknowledge, however, that the use of antibiofilm agents faces obstacles, such as limited effectiveness in vivo, potential cytotoxicity to host cells, and propensity to elicit resistance in targeted biofilm-forming microbes. Emerging next generation antibiofilm strategies, which rely on multipronged approaches, were highlighted, and these benefit from current advances in nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and antimicrobial drug discovery. The assessment of current antibiofilm mitigation approaches, as presented here, could guide future initiatives toward innovative antibiofilm therapeutic strategies. Enhancing the efficacy and specificity of some emerging antibiofilm strategies via careful investigations, under conditions that closely mimic biofilm characteristics within the human body, could bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 105 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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47
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Barbosa A, Miranda S, Azevedo NF, Cerqueira L, Azevedo AS. Imaging biofilms using fluorescence in situ hybridization: seeing is believing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1195803. [PMID: 37284501 PMCID: PMC10239779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1195803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex structures with an intricate relationship between the resident microorganisms, the extracellular matrix, and the surrounding environment. Interest in biofilms is growing exponentially given its ubiquity in so diverse fields such as healthcare, environmental and industry. Molecular techniques (e.g., next-generation sequencing, RNA-seq) have been used to study biofilm properties. However, these techniques disrupt the spatial structure of biofilms; therefore, they do not allow to observe the location/position of biofilm components (e.g., cells, genes, metabolites), which is particularly relevant to explore and study the interactions and functions of microorganisms. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been arguably the most widely used method for an in situ analysis of spatial distribution of biofilms. In this review, an overview on different FISH variants already applied on biofilm studies (e.g., CLASI-FISH, BONCAT-FISH, HiPR-FISH, seq-FISH) will be explored. In combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, these variants emerged as a powerful approach to visualize, quantify and locate microorganisms, genes, and metabolites inside biofilms. Finally, we discuss new possible research directions for the development of robust and accurate FISH-based approaches that will allow to dig deeper into the biofilm structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barbosa
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Miranda
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F. Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Cerqueira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia S. Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Papadopoulou V, Sidders AE, Lu KY, Velez AZ, Durham PG, Bui DT, Angeles-Solano M, Dayton PA, Rowe SE. Overcoming biological barriers to improve treatment of a Staphylococcus aureus wound infection. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:513-526.e5. [PMID: 37148883 PMCID: PMC10198964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds frequently become infected with bacterial biofilms which respond poorly to antibiotic therapy. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are ineffective at treating deep-seated wound infections due to poor drug penetration, poor drug uptake into persister cells, and widespread antibiotic resistance. In this study, we combat the two major barriers to successful aminoglycoside treatment against a biofilm-infected wound: limited antibiotic uptake and limited biofilm penetration. To combat the limited antibiotic uptake, we employ palmitoleic acid, a host-produced monounsaturated fatty acid that perturbs the membrane of gram-positive pathogens and induces gentamicin uptake. This novel drug combination overcomes gentamicin tolerance and resistance in multiple gram-positive wound pathogens. To combat biofilm penetration, we examined the ability of sonobactericide, a non-invasive ultrasound-mediated-drug delivery technology to improve antibiotic efficacy using an in vivo biofilm model. This dual approach dramatically improved antibiotic efficacy against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wound infection in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Papadopoulou
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ashelyn E Sidders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kuan-Yi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda Z Velez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Phillip G Durham
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Duyen T Bui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michelle Angeles-Solano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah E Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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49
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Vasicek EM, Gunn JS. Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Lineage Biofilm Formation and Gallbladder Colonization Vary But Do Not Correlate Directly with Known Biofilm-Related Mutations. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0013523. [PMID: 37129526 PMCID: PMC10187132 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00135-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars have a broad host range and cause gastroenteritis in humans. However, invasive NTS (iNTS) bloodstream infections have increased in the last decade, causing 60,000 deaths annually. Human-specific typhoidal Salmonella colonizes and forms biofilms on gallstones, resulting in chronic, asymptomatic infection. iNTS lineages are undergoing genomic reduction and may have adapted to person-to-person transmission via mutations in virulence, bile resistance, and biofilm formation. As such, we sought to determine the capacity of iNTS lineages for biofilm formation and the development of chronic infections in the gallbladder in our mouse model. Of the lineages tested (L1, L2, L3 and UK), only L2 and UK were defective for the rough, dry and red (RDAR) morphotype, correlating with the known bcsG (cellulose) mutation but not with csgD (curli) gene mutations. Biofilm-forming ability was assessed in vitro, which revealed a biofilm formation hierarchy of L3 > ST19 > UK > L1 = L2, which did not correlate directly with either the bcsG or the csgD mutation. By confocal microscopy, biofilms of L2 and UK had significantly less curli and cellulose, while L1 biofilms had significantly lower cellulose. All iNTS strains were able to colonize the mouse gallbladder, liver, and spleen in a similar manner, while L3 had a significantly higher bacterial load in the gallbladder and increased lethality. While there was iNTS lineage variability in biofilm formation, gallbladder colonization, and virulence in a chronic mouse model, all tested lineages were capable of colonization despite possessing biofilm-related mutations. Thus, iNTS strains may be unrecognized chronic pathogens in endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Vasicek
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John S. Gunn
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Makhlouf Z, Ali AA, Al-Sayah MH. Liposomes-Based Drug Delivery Systems of Anti-Biofilm Agents to Combat Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050875. [PMID: 37237778 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
All currently approved antibiotics are being met by some degree of resistance by the bacteria they target. Biofilm formation is one of the crucial enablers of bacterial resistance, making it an important bacterial process to target for overcoming antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, several drug delivery systems that target biofilm formation have been developed. One of these systems is based on lipid-based nanocarriers (liposomes), which have shown strong efficacy against biofilms of bacterial pathogens. Liposomes come in various types, namely conventional (charged or neutral), stimuli-responsive, deformable, targeted, and stealth. This paper reviews studies employing liposomal formulations against biofilms of medically salient gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species reported recently. When it comes to gram-negative species, liposomal formulations of various types were reported to be efficacious against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and members of the genera Klebsiella, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Serratia, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. A range of liposomal formulations were also effective against gram-positive biofilms, including mostly biofilms of Staphylococcal strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus subspecies bovis, followed by Streptococcal strains (pneumonia, oralis, and mutans), Cutibacterium acnes, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. This review outlines the benefits and limitations of using liposomal formulations as means to combat different multidrug-resistant bacteria, urging the investigation of the effects of bacterial gram-stain on liposomal efficiency and the inclusion of pathogenic bacterial strains previously unstudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinb Makhlouf
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amaal Abdulraqeb Ali
- Biomedical Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Hussein Al-Sayah
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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