1
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Ray R, Schiffner T, Wang X, Yan Y, Rantalainen K, Lee CCD, Parikh S, Reyes RA, Dale GA, Lin YC, Pecetta S, Giguere S, Swanson O, Kratochvil S, Melzi E, Phung I, Madungwe L, Kalyuzhniy O, Warner J, Weldon SR, Tingle R, Lamperti E, Kirsch KH, Phelps N, Georgeson E, Adachi Y, Kubitz M, Nair U, Crotty S, Wilson IA, Schief WR, Batista FD. Affinity gaps among B cells in germinal centers drive the selection of MPER precursors. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1083-1096. [PMID: 38816616 PMCID: PMC11147770 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Current prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vaccine research aims to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Membrane-proximal external region (MPER)-targeting bnAbs, such as 10E8, provide exceptionally broad neutralization, but some are autoreactive. Here, we generated humanized B cell antigen receptor knock-in mouse models to test whether a series of germline-targeting immunogens could drive MPER-specific precursors toward bnAbs. We found that recruitment of 10E8 precursors to germinal centers (GCs) required a minimum affinity for germline-targeting immunogens, but the GC residency of MPER precursors was brief due to displacement by higher-affinity endogenous B cell competitors. Higher-affinity germline-targeting immunogens extended the GC residency of MPER precursors, but robust long-term GC residency and maturation were only observed for MPER-HuGL18, an MPER precursor clonotype able to close the affinity gap with endogenous B cell competitors in the GC. Thus, germline-targeting immunogens could induce MPER-targeting antibodies, and B cell residency in the GC may be regulated by a precursor-competitor affinity gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ray
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xuesong Wang
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yu Yan
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimmo Rantalainen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Chun David Lee
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shivang Parikh
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raphael A Reyes
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gordon A Dale
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Cing Lin
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simone Pecetta
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Giguere
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Swanson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora Melzi
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivy Phung
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Madungwe
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Warner
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie R Weldon
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Tingle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward Lamperti
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathrin H Kirsch
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Phelps
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Usha Nair
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William R Schief
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Facundo D Batista
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Temchura V, Wagner JT, Damm D. Immunogenicity of Recombinant Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines: Danger Signal vs. Helping Hand. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38258035 PMCID: PMC10818441 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a predominant problem in human health. While the incidence of many pathogenic infections is controlled by vaccines, some pathogens still pose a challenging task for vaccine researchers. In order to face these challenges, the field of vaccine development has changed tremendously over the last few years. For non-replicating recombinant antigens, novel vaccine delivery systems that attempt to increase the immunogenicity by mimicking structural properties of pathogens are already approved for clinical applications. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LbNPs) of different natures are vesicles made of lipid layers with aqueous cavities, which may carry antigens and other biomolecules either displayed on the surface or encapsulated in the cavity. However, the efficacy profile of recombinant LbNP vaccines is not as high as that of live-attenuated ones. This review gives a compendious picture of two approaches that affect the immunogenicity of recombinant LbNP vaccines: (i) the incorporation of immunostimulatory agents and (ii) the utilization of pre-existing or promiscuous cellular immunity, which might be beneficial for the development of tailored prophylactic and therapeutic LbNP vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | | | - Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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3
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Bale S, Yang L, Alirezaei M, Wilson R, Ota T, Doyle ED, Cottrell C, Guenaga J, Tran K, Li W, Stamatatos L, Nemazee D, Ward AB, Wyatt RT. Fusion of the molecular adjuvant C3d to cleavage-independent native-like HIV-1 Env trimers improves the elicited antibody response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180959. [PMID: 37283743 PMCID: PMC10239957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective HIV vaccine likely requires the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against multiple HIV-1 clades. The recently developed cleavage-independent native flexibly linked (NFL) envelope (Env) trimers exhibit well-ordered conformation and elicit autologous tier 2 NAbs in multiple animal models. Here, we investigated whether the fusion of molecular adjuvant C3d to the Env trimers can improve B- cell germinal center (GC) formation and antibody responses. To generate Env-C3d trimers, we performed a glycine-serine- based (G4S) flexible peptide linker screening and identified a linker range that allowed native folding. A 30-60- amino- acid- long linker facilitates Env-to-C3d association and achieves the secretion of well-ordered trimers and the structural integrity and functional integrity of Env and C3d. The fusion of C3d did not dramatically affect the antigenicity of the Env trimers and enhanced the ability of the Env trimers to engage and activate B cells in vitro. In mice, the fusion of C3d enhanced germinal center formation, the magnitude of Env-specific binding antibodies, and the avidity of the antibodies in the presence of an adjuvant. The Sigma Adjuvant System (SAS) did not affect the trimer integrity in vitro but contributed to altered immunogenicity in vivo, resulting in increased tier 1 neutralization, likely by increased exposure of variable region 3 (V3). Taken together, the results indicate that the fusion of the molecular adjuvant, C3d, to the Env trimers improves antibody responses and could be useful for Env-based vaccines against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar Bale
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lifei Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Alirezaei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Takayuki Ota
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Esmeralda D. Doyle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Javier Guenaga
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen Tran
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard T. Wyatt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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4
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Zhang YN, Paynter J, Antanasijevic A, Allen JD, Eldad M, Lee YZ, Copps J, Newby ML, He L, Chavez D, Frost P, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Lanford R, Chen C, Wilson IA, Crispin M, Ward AB, Zhu J. Single-component multilayered self-assembling protein nanoparticles presenting glycan-trimmed uncleaved prefusion optimized envelope trimmers as HIV-1 vaccine candidates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1985. [PMID: 37031217 PMCID: PMC10082823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncleaved prefusion-optimized (UFO) design can stabilize diverse HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs). Single-component, self-assembling protein nanoparticles (1c-SApNP) can display 8 or 20 native-like Env trimers as vaccine candidates. We characterize the biophysical, structural, and antigenic properties of 1c-SApNPs that present the BG505 UFO trimer with wildtype and modified glycans. For 1c-SApNPs, glycan trimming improves recognition of the CD4 binding site without affecting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to major glycan epitopes. In mice, rabbits, and nonhuman primates, glycan trimming increases the frequency of vaccine responders (FVR) and steers antibody responses away from immunodominant glycan holes and glycan patches. The mechanism of vaccine-induced immunity is examined in mice. Compared with the UFO trimer, the multilayered E2p and I3-01v9 1c-SApNPs show 420 times longer retention in lymph node follicles, 20-32 times greater presentation on follicular dendritic cell dendrites, and up-to-4 times stronger germinal center reactions. These findings can inform future HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Paynter
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mor Eldad
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maddy L Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Linling He
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Deborah Chavez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Pat Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Robert Lanford
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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5
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Dinadayala P, Gleizal G, Guinamand S, Bonifassi P, Haensler J. Characterization of antigen adjuvant interactions in polyacrylate adjuvanted vaccines. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 33:101405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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6
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Saunders KO, Edwards RJ, Tilahun K, Manne K, Lu X, Cain DW, Wiehe K, Williams WB, Mansouri K, Hernandez GE, Sutherland L, Scearce R, Parks R, Barr M, DeMarco T, Eater CM, Eaton A, Morton G, Mildenberg B, Wang Y, Rountree RW, Tomai MA, Fox CB, Moody MA, Alam SM, Santra S, Lewis MG, Denny TN, Shaw GM, Montefiori DC, Acharya P, Haynes BF. Stabilized HIV-1 envelope immunization induces neutralizing antibodies to the CD4bs and protects macaques against mucosal infection. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo5598. [PMID: 36070369 PMCID: PMC10034035 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo5598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A successful HIV-1 vaccine will require induction of a polyclonal neutralizing antibody (nAb) response, yet vaccine-mediated induction of such a response in primates remains a challenge. We found that a stabilized HIV-1 CH505 envelope (Env) trimer formulated with a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist induced potent HIV-1 polyclonal nAbs that correlated with protection from homologous simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection. The serum dilution that neutralized 50% of virus replication (ID50 titer) required to protect 90% of macaques was 1:364 against the challenge virus grown in primary rhesus CD4+ T cells. Structural analyses of vaccine-induced nAbs demonstrated targeting of the Env CD4 binding site or the N156 glycan and the third variable loop base. Autologous nAb specificities similar to those elicited in macaques by vaccination were isolated from the human living with HIV from which the CH505 Env immunogen was derived. CH505 viral isolates were isolated that mutated the V1 to escape both the infection-induced and vaccine-induced antibodies. These results define the specificities of a vaccine-induced nAb response and the protective titers of HIV-1 vaccine-induced nAbs required to protect nonhuman primates from low-dose mucosal challenge by SHIVs bearing a primary transmitted/founder Env.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kedamawit Tilahun
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kartik Manne
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Derek W. Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Wilton B. Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Giovanna E. Hernandez
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Laura Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Richard Scearce
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Chloe M. Eater
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
| | | | | | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - R. Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mark A. Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research Materials Lab, 3M Company; St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | | | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Thomas N. Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - George M. Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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7
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O’Donnell JS, Isaacs A, Jakob V, Lebas C, Barnes JB, Reading PC, Young PR, Watterson D, Dubois PM, Collin N, Chappell KJ. Characterization and comparison of novel adjuvants for a prefusion clamped MERS vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976968. [PMID: 36119058 PMCID: PMC9478912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various chemical adjuvants are available to augment immune responses to non-replicative, subunit vaccines. Optimized adjuvant selection can ensure that vaccine-induced immune responses protect against the diversity of pathogen-associated infection routes, mechanisms of infectious spread, and pathways of immune evasion. In this study, we compare the immune response of mice to a subunit vaccine of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike protein, stabilized in its prefusion conformation by a proprietary molecular clamp (MERS SClamp) alone or formulated with one of six adjuvants: either (i) aluminium hydroxide, (ii) SWE, a squalene-in-water emulsion, (iii) SQ, a squalene-in-water emulsion containing QS21 saponin, (iv) SMQ, a squalene-in-water emulsion containing QS21 and a synthetic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist 3D-6-acyl Phosphorylated HexaAcyl Disaccharide (3D6AP); (v) LQ, neutral liposomes containing cholesterol, 1.2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and QS21, (vi) or LMQ, neutral liposomes containing cholesterol, DOPC, QS21, and 3D6AP. All adjuvanted formulations induced elevated antibody titers which where greatest for QS21-containing formulations. These had elevated neutralization capacity and induced higher frequencies of IFNƔ and IL-2-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, LMQ-containing formulations skewed the antibody response towards IgG2b/c isotypes, allowing for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This study highlights the utility of side-by-side adjuvant comparisons in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S. O’Donnell
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Celia Lebas
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James B. Barnes
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Keith J. Chappell, ; Nicolas Collin,
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Keith J. Chappell, ; Nicolas Collin,
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8
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Damm D, Kostka K, Weingärtner C, Wagner JT, Rojas-Sánchez L, Gensberger-Reigl S, Sokolova V, Überla K, Epple M, Temchura V. Covalent coupling of HIV-1 glycoprotein trimers to biodegradable calcium phosphate nanoparticles via genetically encoded aldehyde-tags. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:586-600. [PMID: 34968725 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The usage of antigen-functionalized nanoparticles has become a major focus in the field of experimental HIV-1 vaccine research during the last decade. Various molecular mechanisms to couple native-like trimers of the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) onto nanoparticle surfaces have been reported, but many come with disadvantages regarding the coupling efficiency and stability. In this study, a short amino acid sequence ("aldehyde-tag") was introduced at the C-terminus of a conformationally stabilized native-like Env. The post-translational conversion of a tag-associated cysteine to formylglycine creates a site-specific aldehyde group without alteration of the Env antigenicity. This aldehyde group was further utilized for bioconjugation of Env trimers. We demonstrated that the low acidic environment necessary for this bioconjugation is not affecting the trimer conformation. Furthermore, we developed a two-step coupling method for pH-sensitive nanoparticles. To this end, we conjugated aldehyde-tagged Env with Propargyl-PEG3-aminooxy linker (oxime ligation; Step-one) and coupled these conjugates by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Click reaction; Step-two) to calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPs) functionalized with terminal azide groups. CaPs displaying orthogonally arranged Env trimers on their surface (o-CaPs) were superior in activation of Env-specific B-cells (in vitro) and induction of Env-specific antibody responses (in vivo) compared to CaPs with Env trimers coupled in a randomly oriented manner. Taken together, we present a reliable method for the site-specific, covalent coupling of HIV-1 Env native-like trimers to the surface of nanoparticle delivery systems. This method can be broadly applied for functionalization of nanoparticle platforms with conformationally stabilized candidate antigens for both vaccination and diagnostic approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: During the last decade antigen-functionalized nanoparticles have become a major focus in the field of experimental HIV-1 vaccines. Rational design led to the production of conformationally stabilized HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) trimers - the only target for the humoral immune system. Various molecular mechanisms to couple Env trimers onto nanoparticle surfaces have been reported, but many come with disadvantages regarding the coupling efficiency and stability. In this paper, we describe a highly selective bio-conjugation of Env trimers to the surface of medically relevant calcium phosphate nanoparticles. This method maintains the native-like protein conformation and has a broad potential application in functionalization of nanoparticle platforms with stabilized candidate antigens (including stabilized spike proteins of coronaviruses) for both vaccination and diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Kostka
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - C Weingärtner
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J T Wagner
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Rojas-Sánchez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - S Gensberger-Reigl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - K Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - V Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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9
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Antanasijevic A, Bowman CA, Kirchdoerfer RN, Cottrell CA, Ozorowski G, Upadhyay AA, Cirelli KM, Carnathan DG, Enemuo CA, Sewall LM, Nogal B, Zhao F, Groschel B, Schief WR, Sok D, Silvestri G, Crotty S, Bosinger SE, Ward AB. From structure to sequence: Antibody discovery using cryoEM. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2039. [PMID: 35044813 PMCID: PMC8769551 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the rate-limiting steps in analyzing immune responses to vaccines or infections is the isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies. Here, we present a hybrid structural and bioinformatic approach to directly assign the heavy and light chains, identify complementarity-determining regions, and discover sequences from cryoEM density maps of serum-derived polyclonal antibodies bound to an antigen. When combined with next-generation sequencing of immune repertoires, we were able to specifically identify clonal family members, synthesize the monoclonal antibodies, and confirm that they interact with the antigen in a manner equivalent to the corresponding polyclonal antibodies. This structure-based approach for identification of monoclonal antibodies from polyclonal sera opens new avenues for analysis of immune responses and iterative vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charles A. Bowman
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert N. Kirchdoerfer
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Yerkes Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Cirelli
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Diane G. Carnathan
- Yerkes Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Chiamaka A. Enemuo
- Yerkes Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Leigh M. Sewall
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bartek Nogal
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fangzhu Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative–Neutralizing Antibody Center (IAVI-NAC), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R. Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative–Neutralizing Antibody Center (IAVI-NAC), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Yerkes Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Yerkes Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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10
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Sliepen K, Schermer E, Bontjer I, Burger JA, Lévai RF, Mundsperger P, Brouwer PJM, Tolazzi M, Farsang A, Katinger D, Moore JP, Scarlatti G, Shattock RJ, Sattentau QJ, Sanders RW. Interplay of diverse adjuvants and nanoparticle presentation of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:103. [PMID: 34404812 PMCID: PMC8371121 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers is generally poor. We used the clinically relevant ConM SOSIP trimer to compare the ability of different adjuvants (squalene emulsion, ISCOMATRIX, GLA-LSQ, and MPLA liposomes) to support neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses in rabbits. The trimers were administered as free proteins or on nanoparticles. The rank order for the adjuvants was ISCOMATRIX > SE > GLA-LSQ ~ MPLA liposomes > no adjuvant. Stronger NAb responses were elicited when the ConM SOSIP trimers were presented on ferritin nanoparticles. We also found that the GLA-LSQ adjuvant induced an unexpectedly strong antibody response to the ferritin core of the nanoparticles. This "off-target" effect may have compromised its ability to induce the more desired antitrimer antibodies. In summary, both adjuvants and nanoparticle display can improve the magnitude of the antibody response to SOSIP trimers but the best combination of trimer presentation and adjuvant can only be identified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Schermer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Réka Felfödiné Lévai
- Control Laboratory of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Animal Facility, Directorate of Veterinary Medicinal Products, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Tolazzi
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Attila Farsang
- Control Laboratory of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Animal Facility, Directorate of Veterinary Medicinal Products, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dietmar Katinger
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Virology, Norfolk Place, London, W21PG, UK
| | - Quentin J Sattentau
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Antanasijevic A, Sewall LM, Cottrell CA, Carnathan DG, Jimenez LE, Ngo JT, Silverman JB, Groschel B, Georgeson E, Bhiman J, Bastidas R, LaBranche C, Allen JD, Copps J, Perrett HR, Rantalainen K, Cannac F, Yang YR, de la Peña AT, Rocha RF, Berndsen ZT, Baker D, King NP, Sanders RW, Moore JP, Crotty S, Crispin M, Montefiori DC, Burton DR, Schief WR, Silvestri G, Ward AB. Polyclonal antibody responses to HIV Env immunogens resolved using cryoEM. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4817. [PMID: 34376662 PMCID: PMC8355326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered ectodomain trimer immunogens based on BG505 envelope glycoprotein are widely utilized as components of HIV vaccine development platforms. In this study, we used rhesus macaques to evaluate the immunogenicity of several stabilized BG505 SOSIP constructs both as free trimers and presented on a nanoparticle. We applied a cryoEM-based method for high-resolution mapping of polyclonal antibody responses elicited in immunized animals (cryoEMPEM). Mutational analysis coupled with neutralization assays were used to probe the neutralization potential at each epitope. We demonstrate that cryoEMPEM data can be used for rapid, high-resolution analysis of polyclonal antibody responses without the need for monoclonal antibody isolation. This approach allowed to resolve structurally distinct classes of antibodies that bind overlapping sites. In addition to comprehensive mapping of commonly targeted neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes in BG505 SOSIP immunogens, our analysis revealed that epitopes comprising engineered stabilizing mutations and of partially occupied glycosylation sites can be immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leigh M Sewall
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luis E Jimenez
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julia T Ngo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Silverman
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinal Bhiman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raiza Bastidas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hailee R Perrett
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kimmo Rantalainen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fabien Cannac
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuhe R Yang
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Torrents de la Peña
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Froes Rocha
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zachary T Berndsen
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Baker
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Moore
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Dennis R Burton
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William R Schief
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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12
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Membrane Env Liposomes Facilitate Immunization with Multivalent Full-Length HIV Spikes. J Virol 2021; 95:e0000521. [PMID: 33883221 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00005-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A major goal of HIV vaccine design is to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Such bNAbs target HIV's trimeric, membrane-embedded envelope glycoprotein spikes (mEnv). Soluble Env (sEnv) trimers have been used as vaccines, but engineering sEnvs for stability, multivalency, and desired antigenicity is problematic and deletes key neutralizing epitopes on glycoprotein 41 (gp41) while creating neoepitopes that elicit unwanted antibodies. Meanwhile, multivalent mEnv vaccines are challenging to develop due to trimer instability and low mEnv copy number amid other extraneous proteins on virus-like particles. Here, we describe a multivalent mEnv vaccine platform that does not require protein engineering or extraneous proteins. mEnv trimers were fixed, purified, and combined with naked liposomes in mild detergent. On removal of detergent, mEnv spikes were observed embedded in liposome particles (mean diameter, 133 nm) in correct orientation. These particles were recognized by HIV bNAbs and not non-NAbs and are designated mEnv liposomes (MELs). Following a sequential immunization scheme in rabbits, MELs elicited antibodies that neutralized tier 2 HIV isolates. Analysis of serum antibody specificities, including those to epitopes involving a missing conserved N-glycosylation site at position 197 near the CD4 binding site on two of the immunogens, provides clues on how NAb responses can be improved with modified immunogens. In sum, MELs are a biochemically defined platform that enables rational immunization strategies to elicit HIV bNAbs using multimerized mEnv. IMPORTANCE A vaccine that induced broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV would likely end the AIDS pandemic. Such antibodies target membrane-embedded envelope glycoprotein spikes (mEnv) that HIV uses to enter cells. Due to HIV Env's low expression and instability, soluble stabilized Env trimers have been used as vaccine candidates, but these have an altered base that disrupts targets of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies that bind near the membrane and are not available for all HIV isolates. Here, we describe membrane Env liposomes (MELs) that display a multivalent array of stable mEnvs on liposome particles. MELs showed the expected antibody recognition properties, including targeting parts of mEnv missing on soluble Envs. Immunization with MELs elicited antibodies that neutralized diverse HIV isolates. The MEL platform facilitates vaccine development with potentially any HIV Env at high valency, and a similar approach may be useful for eliciting antibodies to membrane-embedded targets of therapeutic interest.
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13
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Kumar R, Deshpande S, Sewall LM, Ozorowski G, Cottrell CA, Lee WH, Holden LG, Richey ST, Chandrawacar AS, Dhiman K, Ashish, Kumar V, Ahmed S, Hingankar N, Kumar N, Murugavel KG, Srikrishnan AK, Sok D, Ward AB, Bhattacharya J. Elicitation of potent serum neutralizing antibody responses in rabbits by immunization with an HIV-1 clade C trimeric Env derived from an Indian elite neutralizer. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008977. [PMID: 33826683 PMCID: PMC8055034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the structure-function relationship of viral envelope (Env) evolution and the development of broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in natural infection can inform rational immunogen design. In the present study, we examined the magnitude and specificity of autologous neutralizing antibodies induced in rabbits by a novel HIV-1 clade C Env protein (1PGE-THIVC) vis-à-vis those developed in an elite neutralizer from whom the env sequence was obtained that was used to prepare the soluble Env protein. The novel 1PGE-THIVC Env trimer displayed a native like pre-fusion closed conformation in solution as determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and negative stain electron microscopy (EM). This closed spike conformation of 1PGE-THIVC Env trimers was correlated with weak or undetectable binding of non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) compared to neutralizing mAbs. Furthermore, 1PGE-THIVC SOSIP induced potent neutralizing antibodies in rabbits to autologous virus variants. The autologous neutralizing antibody specificity induced in rabbits by 1PGE-THIVC was mapped to the C3/V4 region (T362/P401) of viral Env. This observation agreed with electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM) of the Env trimer complexed with IgG Fab prepared from the immunized rabbit sera. Our study demonstrated neutralization of sequence matched and unmatched autologous viruses by serum antibodies induced in rabbits by 1PGE-THIVC and also highlighted a comparable specificity for the 1PGE-THIVC SOSIP trimer with that seen with polyclonal antibodies elicited in the elite neutralizer by negative-stain electron microscopy polyclonal epitope (ns-EMPEM) mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Suprit Deshpande
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Leigh M. Sewall
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren G. Holden
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sara T. Richey
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Antra Singh Chandrawacar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kanika Dhiman
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Nitin Hingankar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Kailapuri G. Murugavel
- Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, YRG CARE Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Aylur K. Srikrishnan
- Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, YRG CARE Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Devin Sok
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New Delhi, India; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, United States of America
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14
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Jette CA, Barnes CO, Kirk SM, Melillo B, Smith AB, Bjorkman PJ. Cryo-EM structures of HIV-1 trimer bound to CD4-mimetics BNM-III-170 and M48U1 adopt a CD4-bound open conformation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1950. [PMID: 33782388 PMCID: PMC8007822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, impacts millions of people. Entry into target cells is mediated by the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein interacting with host receptor CD4, which triggers conformational changes allowing binding to a coreceptor and subsequent membrane fusion. Small molecule or peptide CD4-mimetic drugs mimic CD4's Phe43 interaction with Env by inserting into the conserved Phe43 pocket on Env subunit gp120. Here, we present single-particle cryo-EM structures of CD4-mimetics BNM-III-170 and M48U1 bound to a BG505 native-like Env trimer plus the CD4-induced antibody 17b at 3.7 Å and 3.9 Å resolution, respectively. CD4-mimetic-bound BG505 exhibits canonical CD4-induced conformational changes including trimer opening, formation of the 4-stranded gp120 bridging sheet, displacement of the V1V2 loop, and formation of a compact and elongated gp41 HR1C helical bundle. We conclude that CD4-induced structural changes on both gp120 and gp41 Env subunits are induced by binding to the gp120 Phe43 pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. Jette
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Christopher O. Barnes
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Sharon M. Kirk
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Bruno Melillo
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Amos B. Smith
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
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15
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Ratnapriya S, Perez-Greene E, Schifanella L, Herschhorn A. Adjuvant-mediated enhancement of the immune response to HIV vaccines. FEBS J 2021; 289:3317-3334. [PMID: 33705608 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition will likely require an effective vaccine that elicits antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs), which are the sole target of neutralizing antibodies and a main focus of vaccine development. Adjuvants have been widely used to augment the magnitude and longevity of the adaptive immune responses to immunizations with HIV-1 Envs and to guide the development of specific immune responses. Here, we review the adjuvants that have been used in combination with HIV-1 Envs in several preclinical and human clinical trials in recent years. We summarize the interactions between the HIV-1 Envs and adjuvants, and highlight the routes of vaccine administration for various formulations. We then discuss the use of combinations of different adjuvants, the potential effect of adjuvants on the elicitation of antibodies enriched in somatic hypermutation and containing long complementarity-determining region 3 of the antibody heavy chain, and the elicitation of non-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ratnapriya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eva Perez-Greene
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Isaacs A, Li Z, Cheung STM, Wijesundara DK, McMillan CLD, Modhiran N, Young PR, Ranasinghe C, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Adjuvant Selection for Influenza and RSV Prefusion Subunit Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020071. [PMID: 33498370 PMCID: PMC7909420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines exhibit favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles and can be designed to mimic native antigen structures. However, pairing with an appropriate adjuvant is imperative in order to elicit effective humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, we aimed to determine an optimal adjuvant pairing with the prefusion form of influenza haemagglutinin (HA) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) subunit vaccines in BALB/c mice in order to inform future subunit vaccine adjuvant selection. We tested a panel of adjuvants, including aluminum hydroxide (alhydrogel), QS21, Addavax, Addavax with QS21 (AdQS21), and Army Liposome Formulation 55 with monophosphoryl lipid A and QS21 (ALF55). We found that all adjuvants elicited robust humoral responses in comparison to placebo, with the induction of potent neutralizing antibodies observed in all adjuvanted groups against influenza and in AdQS21, alhydrogel, and ALF55 against RSV. Upon HA vaccination, we observed that none of the adjuvants were able to significantly increase the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells when compared to unadjuvanted antigen. The varying responses to antigens with each adjuvant highlights that those adjuvants most suited for pairing purposes can vary depending on the antigen used and/or the desired immune response. We therefore suggest that an adjuvant trial for different subunit vaccines in development would likely be necessary in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Zheyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Danushka K. Wijesundara
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Perotti M, Marcandalli J, Demurtas D, Sallusto F, Perez L. Rationally designed Human Cytomegalovirus gB nanoparticle vaccine with improved immunogenicity. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009169. [PMID: 33370407 PMCID: PMC7794029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the primary viral cause of congenital birth defects and causes significant morbidity and mortality in immune-suppressed transplant recipients. Despite considerable efforts in vaccine development, HCMV infection still represents an unmet clinical need. In recent phase II trials, a MF59-adjuvanted gB vaccine showed only modest efficacy in preventing infection. These findings might be attributed to low level of antibodies (Abs) with a neutralizing activity induced by this vaccine. Here, we analyzed the immunogenicity of each gB antigenic domain (AD) and demonstrated that domain I of gB (AD5) is the main target of HCMV neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, we designed, characterized and evaluated immunogenic responses to two different nanoparticles displaying a trimeric AD5 antigen. We showed that mice immunization with nanoparticles induces sera neutralization titers up to 100-fold higher compared to those obtained with the gB extracellular domain (gBECD). Collectively, these results illustrate with a medically relevant example the advantages of using a general approach combining antigen discovery, protein engineering and scaffold presentation for modern development of subunit vaccines against complex pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Perotti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Marcandalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Demurtas
- BioEM Facility, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Center for Human Immunology (CHIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Martin JT, Cottrell CA, Antanasijevic A, Carnathan DG, Cossette BJ, Enemuo CA, Gebru EH, Choe Y, Viviano F, Fischinger S, Tokatlian T, Cirelli KM, Ueda G, Copps J, Schiffner T, Menis S, Alter G, Schief WR, Crotty S, King NP, Baker D, Silvestri G, Ward AB, Irvine DJ. Targeting HIV Env immunogens to B cell follicles in nonhuman primates through immune complex or protein nanoparticle formulations. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:72. [PMID: 32802411 PMCID: PMC7406516 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Following immunization, high-affinity antibody responses develop within germinal centers (GCs), specialized sites within follicles of the lymph node (LN) where B cells proliferate and undergo somatic hypermutation. Antigen availability within GCs is important, as B cells must acquire and present antigen to follicular helper T cells to drive this process. However, recombinant protein immunogens such as soluble human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope (Env) trimers do not efficiently accumulate in follicles following traditional immunization. Here, we demonstrate two strategies to concentrate HIV Env immunogens in follicles, via the formation of immune complexes (ICs) or by employing self-assembling protein nanoparticles for multivalent display of Env antigens. Using rhesus macaques, we show that within a few days following immunization, free trimers were present in a diffuse pattern in draining LNs, while trimer ICs and Env nanoparticles accumulated in B cell follicles. Whole LN imaging strikingly revealed that ICs and trimer nanoparticles concentrated in as many as 500 follicles in a single LN within two days after immunization. Imaging of LNs collected seven days postimmunization showed that Env nanoparticles persisted on follicular dendritic cells in the light zone of nascent GCs. These findings suggest that the form of antigen administered in vaccination can dramatically impact localization in lymphoid tissues and provides a new rationale for the enhanced immune responses observed following immunization with ICs or nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Martin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Diane G. Carnathan
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Benjamin J. Cossette
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Chiamaka A. Enemuo
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Etse H. Gebru
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Yury Choe
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Federico Viviano
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Talar Tokatlian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Kimberly M. Cirelli
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - George Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - William R. Schief
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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19
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Antanasijevic A, Ueda G, Brouwer PJM, Copps J, Huang D, Allen JD, Cottrell CA, Yasmeen A, Sewall LM, Bontjer I, Ketas TJ, Turner HL, Berndsen ZT, Montefiori DC, Klasse PJ, Crispin M, Nemazee D, Moore JP, Sanders RW, King NP, Baker D, Ward AB. Structural and functional evaluation of de novo-designed, two-component nanoparticle carriers for HIV Env trimer immunogens. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008665. [PMID: 32780770 PMCID: PMC7418955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component, self-assembling nanoparticles represent a versatile platform for multivalent presentation of viral antigens. Computational design of protein nanoparticles with differing sizes and geometries enables combination with antigens of choice to test novel multimerization concepts in immunization strategies where the goal is to improve the induction and maturation of neutralizing antibody lineages. Here, we describe detailed antigenic, structural, and functional characterization of computationally designed tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral nanoparticle immunogens displaying trimeric HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) ectodomains. Env trimers, based on subtype A (BG505) or consensus group M (ConM) sequences and engineered with SOSIP stabilizing mutations, were fused to an underlying trimeric building block of each nanoparticle. Initial screening yielded one icosahedral and two tetrahedral nanoparticle candidates, capable of presenting twenty or four copies of the Env trimer. A number of analyses, including detailed structural characterization by cryo-EM, demonstrated that the nanoparticle immunogens possessed the intended structural and antigenic properties. When the immunogenicity of ConM-SOSIP trimers presented on a two-component tetrahedral nanoparticle or as soluble proteins were compared in rabbits, the two immunogens elicited similar serum antibody binding titers against the trimer component. Neutralizing antibody titers were slightly elevated in the animals given the nanoparticle immunogen and were initially more focused to the trimer apex. Altogether, our findings indicate that tetrahedral nanoparticles can be successfully applied for presentation of HIV Env trimer immunogens; however, the optimal implementation to different immunization strategies remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - George Ueda
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Leigh M. Sewall
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Ketas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hannah L. Turner
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zachary T. Berndsen
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Per Johan Klasse
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John P. Moore
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neil P. King
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Baker
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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20
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Parray HA, Shukla S, Samal S, Shrivastava T, Ahmed S, Sharma C, Kumar R. Hybridoma technology a versatile method for isolation of monoclonal antibodies, its applicability across species, limitations, advancement and future perspectives. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106639. [PMID: 32473573 PMCID: PMC7255167 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in technology and manufacturing processes have allowed the development of new derivatives, biosimilar or advanced improved versions for approved antibodies each year for treatment regimen. There are more than 700 antibody-based molecules that are in different stages of phase I/II/ III clinical trials targeting new unique targets. To date, approximately more than 80 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved. A total of 7 novel antibody therapeutics had been granted the first approval either in the United States or European Union in the year 2019, representing approximately 20% of the total number of approved drugs. Most of these licenced mAbs or their derivatives are either of hybridoma origin or their improvised engineered versions. Even with the recent development of high throughput mAb generation technologies, hybridoma is the most favoured method due to its indigenous nature to preserve natural cognate antibody pairing information and preserves innate functions of immune cells. The recent advent of antibody engineering technology has superseded the species level barriers and has shown success in isolation of hybridoma across phylogenetically distinct species. This has led to the isolation of monoclonal antibodies against human targets that are conserved and non-immunogenic in the rodent. In this review, we have discussed in detail about hybridoma technology, its expansion towards different animal species, the importance of antibodies isolated from different animal sources that are useful in biological applications, advantages, and limitations. This review also summarizes the challenges and recent progress associated with hybridoma development, and how it has been overcome in these years to provide new insights for the isolation of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmed Parray
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shivangi Shukla
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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21
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Klasse PJ, Ozorowski G, Sanders RW, Moore JP. Env Exceptionalism: Why Are HIV-1 Env Glycoproteins Atypical Immunogens? Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:507-518. [PMID: 32272076 PMCID: PMC7187920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins of ever-increasing sophistication have been evaluated as vaccine candidates for over 30 years. Structurally defined mimics of native trimeric Env glycoproteins (e.g., SOSIP trimers) present multiple epitopes for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and their germline precursors, but elicitation of bNAbs remains elusive. Here, we argue that the interactions between Env and the immune system render it exceptional among viral vaccine antigens and hinder its immunogenicity in absolute and comparative terms. In other words, Env binds to CD4 on key immune cells and transduces signals that can compromise their function. Moreover, the extensive array of oligomannose glycans on Env shields peptidic B cell epitopes, impedes the presentation of T helper cell epitopes, and attracts mannose binding proteins, which could affect the antibody response. We suggest lines of research for assessing how to overcome obstacles that the exceptional features of Env impose on the creation of a successful HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Consortium for HIV Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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22
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Neutralizing Antibody Induction by HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP Trimers on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles May Be Impaired by Mannose Binding Lectin. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01883-19. [PMID: 31852794 PMCID: PMC7158715 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01883-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We covalently attached human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env SOSIP trimers to iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) to create a particulate immunogen for neutralizing antibody (NAb) induction. The attached trimers, ∼20 per particle, retained native-like antigenicity, judged by reactivity with NAbs and non-NAbs. Bivalent (BG505 and B41) trimer IO-NPs were made, as were IO-NPs displaying B41 trimers carrying a PADRE T-cell helper epitope (TCHE). We immunized mice with B41 soluble or IO-NP trimers after PADRE peptide priming. After two immunizations, IO-NP presentation and the TCHE tag independently and substantially increased anti-trimer antibody responses, but titer differences waned after two further doses. Notable and unexpected findings were that autologous NAbs to the N289 glycan hole epitope were consistently induced in mice given soluble but not IO-NP trimers. Various recombinant mannose binding lectins (MBLs) and MBLs in sera of both murine and human origin bound to soluble and IO-NP trimers. MBL binding occluded the autologous NAb epitope on the B41 IO-NP trimers, which may contribute to its poor immunogenicity. The exposure of a subset of broadly active NAb epitopes was also impaired by MBL binding, which could have substantial implications for the utility of trimer-bearing nanoparticles in general and perhaps also for soluble Env proteins.IMPORTANCE Recombinant trimeric SOSIP proteins are vaccine components intended to induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that prevent cells from infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A way to increase the strength of antibody responses to these proteins is to present them on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs). We chemically attached about 20 SOSIP trimers to NPs made of iron oxide (IO). The resulting IO-NP trimers had appropriate properties when we studied them in the laboratory but, unexpectedly, were less able to induce NAbs than nonattached trimers when used to immunize mice. We found that mannose binding lectins, proteins naturally present in the serum of mice and other animals, bound strongly to the soluble and IO-NP trimers, blocking access to antibody epitopes in a way that may impede the development of NAb responses. These findings should influence how trimer-bearing NPs of various designs are made and used.
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23
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Ueda G, Antanasijevic A, Fallas JA, Sheffler W, Copps J, Ellis D, Hutchinson GB, Moyer A, Yasmeen A, Tsybovsky Y, Park YJ, Bick MJ, Sankaran B, Gillespie RA, Brouwer PJM, Zwart PH, Veesler D, Kanekiyo M, Graham BS, Sanders RW, Moore JP, Klasse PJ, Ward AB, King NP, Baker D. Tailored design of protein nanoparticle scaffolds for multivalent presentation of viral glycoprotein antigens. eLife 2020; 9:57659. [PMID: 32748788 PMCID: PMC7402677 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivalent presentation of viral glycoproteins can substantially increase the elicitation of antigen-specific antibodies. To enable a new generation of anti-viral vaccines, we designed self-assembling protein nanoparticles with geometries tailored to present the ectodomains of influenza, HIV, and RSV viral glycoprotein trimers. We first de novo designed trimers tailored for antigen fusion, featuring N-terminal helices positioned to match the C termini of the viral glycoproteins. Trimers that experimentally adopted their designed configurations were incorporated as components of tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral nanoparticles, which were characterized by cryo-electron microscopy and assessed for their ability to present viral glycoproteins. Electron microscopy and antibody binding experiments demonstrated that the designed nanoparticles presented antigenically intact prefusion HIV-1 Env, influenza hemagglutinin, and RSV F trimers in the predicted geometries. This work demonstrates that antigen-displaying protein nanoparticles can be designed from scratch, and provides a systematic way to investigate the influence of antigen presentation geometry on the immune response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Institute for Protein Design, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States,International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jorge A Fallas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Institute for Protein Design, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - William Sheffler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Institute for Protein Design, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States,International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Daniel Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Institute for Protein Design, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Geoffrey B Hutchinson
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Adam Moyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Institute for Protein Design, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Matthew J Bick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Institute for Protein Design, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Philip JM Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Peter H Zwart
- Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States,Center for Advanced Mathematics in Energy Research Applications, Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Per Johan Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States,International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Institute for Protein Design, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Institute for Protein Design, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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24
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Brouwer PJM, Antanasijevic A, Berndsen Z, Yasmeen A, Fiala B, Bijl TPL, Bontjer I, Bale JB, Sheffler W, Allen JD, Schorcht A, Burger JA, Camacho M, Ellis D, Cottrell CA, Behrens AJ, Catalano M, Del Moral-Sánchez I, Ketas TJ, LaBranche C, van Gils MJ, Sliepen K, Stewart LJ, Crispin M, Montefiori DC, Baker D, Moore JP, Klasse PJ, Ward AB, King NP, Sanders RW. Enhancing and shaping the immunogenicity of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers with a two-component protein nanoparticle. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4272. [PMID: 31537780 PMCID: PMC6753213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of native-like HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer antigens has enabled the induction of neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses against neutralization-resistant HIV-1 strains in animal models. However, NAb responses are relatively weak and narrow in specificity. Displaying antigens in a multivalent fashion on nanoparticles (NPs) is an established strategy to increase their immunogenicity. Here we present the design and characterization of two-component protein NPs displaying 20 stabilized SOSIP trimers from various HIV-1 strains. The two-component nature permits the incorporation of exclusively well-folded, native-like Env trimers into NPs that self-assemble in vitro with high efficiency. Immunization studies show that the NPs are particularly efficacious as priming immunogens, improve the quality of the Ab response over a conventional one-component nanoparticle system, and are most effective when SOSIP trimers with an apex-proximate neutralizing epitope are displayed. Their ability to enhance and shape the immunogenicity of SOSIP trimers make these NPs a promising immunogen platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J M Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Zachary Berndsen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Tom P L Bijl
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob B Bale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Arzeda Corporation, Seattle, Washington, 98119, USA
| | - William Sheffler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- Biological Sciences and Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Anna Schorcht
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Camacho
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Anna-Janina Behrens
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU, Oxford, UK.,New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, Massachussetts, 01938, USA
| | - Marco Catalano
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Iván Del Moral-Sánchez
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Lance J Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- Biological Sciences and Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU, Oxford, UK
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Per Johan Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA. .,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
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25
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AIDS Vaccine Research Subcommittee (AVRS) Consultation: Early-Life Immunization Strategies against HIV Acquisition. mSphere 2019; 4:4/4/e00320-19. [PMID: 31315966 PMCID: PMC6637046 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00320-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report summarizes a consultation meeting convened by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), on 12 September 2017 to discuss the scientific rationale for selectively testing relevant HIV vaccine candidates in early life that are designed to initiate immune responses for lifelong protective immunity. The urgent need to develop interventions providing durable protective immunity to HIV before sexual debut coupled with the practicality of infant vaccine schedules supports optimizing infant HIV vaccines as a high priority. The panelists discussed the unique opportunities and challenges of testing candidate HIV vaccines in the context of distinct early-life immunity. Key developments providing rationale and grounds for cautious optimism regarding evaluation of early-life HIV vaccines include recent studies of early-life immune ontogeny, studies of HIV-infected infants demonstrating relatively rapid generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), discovery of novel adjuvants active in early life, and cutting-edge sample-sparing systems biology and immunologic assays promising deep insight into vaccine action in infants. Multidisciplinary efforts toward the goal of an infant HIV vaccine are under way and should be nurtured and amplified.IMPORTANCE Young adults represent one of the highest-risk groups for new HIV infections and the only group in which morbidity continues to increase. Therefore, an HIV vaccine to prevent HIV acquisition in adolescence is a top priority. The introduction of any vaccine during adolescence is challenging. This meeting discussed the opportunities and challenges of testing HIV vaccine candidates in the context of the infant immune system given recent advances in our knowledge of immune ontogeny and adjuvant design and studies demonstrating that HIV-infected infants generate broadly neutralizing antibodies, a main target of HIV vaccines, more rapidly than adults. Considering the global success of pediatric vaccines, the concept of an HIV vaccine introduced in early life holds merit and warrants testing.
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26
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Sliepen K, Han BW, Bontjer I, Mooij P, Garces F, Behrens AJ, Rantalainen K, Kumar S, Sarkar A, Brouwer PJM, Hua Y, Tolazzi M, Schermer E, Torres JL, Ozorowski G, van der Woude P, de la Peña AT, van Breemen MJ, Camacho-Sánchez JM, Burger JA, Medina-Ramírez M, González N, Alcami J, LaBranche C, Scarlatti G, van Gils MJ, Crispin M, Montefiori DC, Ward AB, Koopman G, Moore JP, Shattock RJ, Bogers WM, Wilson IA, Sanders RW. Structure and immunogenicity of a stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimer based on a group-M consensus sequence. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2355. [PMID: 31142746 PMCID: PMC6541627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) that resemble the native Env are utilized in vaccination strategies aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). To limit the exposure of rare isolate-specific antigenic residues/determinants we generated a SOSIP trimer based on a consensus sequence of all HIV-1 group M isolates (ConM). The ConM trimer displays the epitopes of most known bNAbs and several germline bNAb precursors. The crystal structure of the ConM trimer at 3.9 Å resolution resembles that of the native Env trimer and its antigenic surface displays few rare residues. The ConM trimer elicits strong NAb responses against the autologous virus in rabbits and macaques that are significantly enhanced when it is presented on ferritin nanoparticles. The dominant NAb specificity is directed against an epitope at or close to the trimer apex. Immunogens based on consensus sequences might have utility in engineering vaccines against HIV-1 and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Byung Woo Han
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Garces
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Therapeutics Discovery, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Anna-Janina Behrens
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.,New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | - Kimmo Rantalainen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anita Sarkar
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanzi Hua
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Monica Tolazzi
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Edith Schermer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Patricia van der Woude
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Torrents de la Peña
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle J van Breemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Miguel Camacho-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Max Medina-Ramírez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria González
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - Jose Alcami
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.,Centre for Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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27
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Cyster JG, Allen CDC. B Cell Responses: Cell Interaction Dynamics and Decisions. Cell 2019; 177:524-540. [PMID: 31002794 PMCID: PMC6538279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
B cells and the antibodies they produce have a deeply penetrating influence on human physiology. Here, we review current understanding of how B cell responses are initiated; the different paths to generate short- and long-lived plasma cells, germinal center cells, and memory cells; and how each path impacts antibody diversity, selectivity, and affinity. We discuss how basic research is informing efforts to generate vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies against viral pathogens, revealing the special features associated with allergen-reactive IgE responses and uncovering the antibody-independent mechanisms by which B cells contribute to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Christopher D C Allen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Anatomy, and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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28
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Cupo A, Cruz Portillo VM, Gelfand P, Yasmeen A, Klasse PJ, Moore JP. Optimizing the production and affinity purification of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein SOSIP trimers from transiently transfected CHO cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215106. [PMID: 30958859 PMCID: PMC6453562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe methods to improve the efficiency with which HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein SOSIP trimer immunogens can be produced by transient transfection of ExpiCHO-S cells and then affinity purified using the trimer-specific human monoclonal antibody PGT145. The specificity of PGT145 for properly folded trimers allows for the facile, one-step, isolation of these immunogens in research laboratories. PGT145 columns are also valuable as a component of more complex purification processes in current Good Manufacturing Practice programs. However, we found that PGT145 purification was highly variable and markedly inefficient when used to process supernatants from transiently transfected ExpiCHO-S cells expressing the BG505 SOSIP.664 and other trimeric Env proteins. In contrast, no such problems arose when the same Env proteins derived from a stable CHO cell line were processed on the same PGT145 columns, or with transient transfection supernatants from 293F cells. An investigation of the ExpiCHO-S transfection system identified the presence of polyanions, including but perhaps not limited to dextran sulfate, in the Enhancer component of the transfection system. We hypothesized that these polyanions bound to the cationic PGT145 epitope on the trimers and impeded their ability to bind to the PGT145 affinity column. We found that replacing the Enhancer component with alternative culture medium supplements substantially increased the yield of PGT145-purifiable trimers, and we also confirmed that both dextran sulfate and the Enhancer component were indeed inhibitors of PGT145 binding to BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers in immunoassays. The presence of polyanions, including but not limited to nucleic acids, should be considered in other circumstances where PGT145 columns are less efficient than expected at purifying native-like trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cupo
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Paul Gelfand
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - P. J. Klasse
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John P. Moore
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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van Diepen MT, Chapman R, Moore PL, Margolin E, Hermanus T, Morris L, Ximba P, Rybicki EP, Williamson AL. The adjuvant AlhydroGel elicits higher antibody titres than AddaVax when combined with HIV-1 subtype C gp140 from CAP256. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208310. [PMID: 30557314 PMCID: PMC6296668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the HIV-1 epidemic in southern Africa still rising, a prophylactic vaccine against the region’s most prolific subtype (subtype C) would be a significant step forward. In this paper we report on the effect of 2 different adjuvants, AddaVax and AlhydroGel, formulated with HIV-1 subtype C gp140, on the development of binding and neutralising antibody titres in rabbits. AddaVax is a squalene-based oil-in-water nano-emulsion (similar to MF59) which can enhance both cellular and humoral immune responses, whilst AlhydroGel (aluminium hydroxide gel) mainly drives a Th2 response. The gp140 gene tested was derived from the superinfecting virus (SU) from participant CAP256 in the CAPRISA 002 Acute infection cohort. The furin cleavage site of the Env protein was replaced with a flexible linker and an I559P mutation introduced. Lectin affinity purified soluble Env protein was mainly trimeric as judged by molecular weight using BN-PAGE and contained intact broadly neutralising epitopes for the V3-glycan supersite (monoclonal antibodies PGT128 and PGT135), the CD4 binding site (VRC01) and the V2-glycan (PG9) but not for the trimer-specific monoclonal antibodies PG16, PGT145 and CAP256-VRC26_08. When this soluble Env protein was tested in rabbits, AlhydroGel significantly enhanced soluble Env and V1V2 binding antibodies when compared to AddaVax. Finally, AlhydroGel resulted in significantly higher neutralization titres for a subtype C Tier 1A virus (MW965.26) and increased neutralization breadth to Tier 1A and 1B viruses. However, no autologous Tier 2 neutralisation was observed. These data suggest that adjuvant selection is critical for developing a successful vaccine and AlhydroGel should be further investigated. Additional purification of trimeric native-like CAP256 Env and/or priming with DNA or MVA might enhance the induction of neutralizing antibodies and possible Tier 2 HIV-1 neutralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel T. van Diepen
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosamund Chapman
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Margolin
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa
| | - Phindile Ximba
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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