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Le NMT, So KK, Chun J, Kim DH. Expression of virus-like particles (VLPs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:81. [PMID: 38194136 PMCID: PMC10776484 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to express structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and produce virus-like particles (VLPs). The gene, which encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP0 (VP4 and VP2), VP3, and VP1), followed by a translational "ribosomal skipping" sequence consisting of 2A and protease 3C, was codon-optimized and chemically synthesized. The cloned gene was used to transform S. cerevisiae 2805 strain. Western blot analysis revealed that the polyprotein consisting of VP0, VP3, and VP1 was processed into the discrete capsid proteins. Western blot analysis of 3C confirmed the presence of discrete 3C protein, suggesting that the 2A sequence functioned as a "ribosomal skipping" signal in the yeast for an internal re-initiation of 3C translation from a monocistronic transcript, thereby indicating polyprotein processing by the discrete 3C protease. Moreover, a band corresponding to only VP2, which was known to be non-enzymatically processed from VP0 to both VP4 and VP2 during viral assembly, further validated the assembly of processed capsid proteins into VLPs. Electron microscopy showed the presence of the characteristic icosahedral VLPs. Our results clearly demonstrate that S. cerevisiae processes the viral structural polyprotein using a viral 3C protease and the resulting viral capsid subunits are assembled into virion particles. KEY POINTS: • Ribosomal skipping by self-cleaving FMDV peptide in S. cerevisiae. • Proteolytic processing of a structural polyprotein from a monocistronic transcript. • Assembly of the processed viral capsid proteins into a virus-like particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc My Tieu Le
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum-Kang So
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Chun
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
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Li H, Wu Y, Feng D, Jiang Q, Li S, Rong J, Zhong L, Methner U, Baxter L, Ott S, Falush D, Li Z, Deng X, Lu X, Ren Y, Kan B, Zhou Z. Centralized industrialization of pork in Europe and America contributes to the global spread of Salmonella enterica. Nat Food 2024:10.1038/s43016-024-00968-1. [PMID: 38724686 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica causes severe food-borne infections through contamination of the food supply chain. Its evolution has been associated with human activities, especially animal husbandry. Advances in intensive farming and global transportation have substantially reshaped the pig industry, but their impact on the evolution of associated zoonotic pathogens such as S. enterica remains unresolved. Here we investigated the population fluctuation, accumulation of antimicrobial resistance genes and international serovar Choleraesuis transmission of nine pig-enriched S. enterica populations comprising more than 9,000 genomes. Most changes were found to be attributable to the developments of the modern pig industry. All pig-enriched salmonellae experienced host transfers in pigs and/or population expansions over the past century, with pigs and pork having become the main sources of S. enterica transmissions to other hosts. Overall, our analysis revealed strong associations between the transmission of pig-enriched salmonellae and the global pork trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-Carbon Fibres-Based Technology & Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-Carbon Fibres-Based Technology & Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-Carbon Fibres-Based Technology & Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quangui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-Carbon Fibres-Based Technology & Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-Carbon Fibres-Based Technology & Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Rong
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-Carbon Fibres-Based Technology & Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-Carbon Fibres-Based Technology & Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ulrich Methner
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Baxter
- Warwick Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sascha Ott
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Daniel Falush
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Ren
- Iotabiome Biotechnology Inc., Suzhou, China.
| | - Biao Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-Carbon Fibres-Based Technology & Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Calderón LCL, Cabanne GS, Marcos A, Novo SG, Torres C, Perez AM, Pybus OG, König GA. Phylodynamic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus evolution in Mar Chiquita, Argentina. Arch Virol 2024; 169:101. [PMID: 38630189 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, resulting in considerable economic losses. Its causal agent is foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a picornavirus. Due to its error-prone replication and rapid evolution, the transmission and evolutionary dynamics of FMDV can be studied using genomic epidemiological approaches. To analyze FMDV evolution and identify possible transmission routes in an Argentinean region, field samples that tested positive for FMDV by PCR were obtained from 21 farms located in the Mar Chiquita district. Whole FMDV genome sequences were obtained by PCR amplification in seven fragments and sequencing using the Sanger technique. The genome sequences obtained from these samples were then analyzed using phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and evolutionary approaches. Three local transmission clusters were detected among the sampled viruses. The dataset was analyzed using Bayesian phylodynamic methods with appropriate coalescent and relaxed molecular clock models. The estimated mean viral evolutionary rate was 1.17 × 10- 2 substitutions/site/year. No significant differences in the rate of viral evolution were observed between farms with vaccinated animals and those with unvaccinated animals. The most recent common ancestor of the sampled sequences was dated to approximately one month before the first reported case in the outbreak. Virus transmission started in the south of the district and later dispersed to the west, and finally arrived in the east. Different transmission routes among the studied herds, such as non-replicating vectors and close contact contagion (i.e., aerosols), may be responsible for viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo S Cabanne
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Marcos
- Coordinación general de Epidemiología y Análisis de Riesgo, SENASA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Galdo Novo
- DGLYCT - Dirección de Laboratorio Animal, SENASA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular FFyB, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, UMN, St Paul, USA
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guido A König
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ryoo S, Kang H, Lim DR, Kim JM, Won Y, Kim JY, King DP, Di Nardo A, Cha SH. Re-emergence of foot-and-mouth disease in the Republic of Korea caused by the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1378769. [PMID: 38689851 PMCID: PMC11060149 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1378769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) lineage is a pandemic strain that has recently become dominant within East and Southeast Asia. During May 2023, this viral lineage spread to the Republic of Korea, where 11 outbreaks were detected on cattle and goat farms located in Cheongju and Jeungpyeong. Infected animals displayed typical FMD signs including vesicular lesions with drooling and anorexia. Molecular diagnostic testing and genetic analysis (VP1 sequencing) showed that the causative FMDVs belonged to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage and shared the closest nucleotide identity (97.95-99.21%) to viruses that have been collected from Mongolia and South-East Asian countries. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these sequences were distinct to those collected from the previous Korean O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage outbreaks in 2019, demonstrating that these cases are due to a new incursion of the virus into the country. Prompt implementation of emergency vaccination using antigenically matched serotype O vaccines (r1 value: 0.74-0.93), together with intensive active surveillance on farms surrounding the infected premises has successfully prevented further spread of FMD. These recent FMD outbreaks reinforce the importance of research to understand the risks associated with transboundary pathways in the region, in order to reduce the possibility of a further reintroduction of FMD into the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoon Ryoo
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Kang
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Rae Lim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Won
- Chungcheongbuk-do Livestock and Veterinary Service, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Kim
- Chungcheongbuk-do Livestock and Veterinary Service, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Yang R, Yin F, Zhang H, Zhai G, Sun S, Tian B, Zeng Q. Correlation between 146S Antigen Content in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Inactivated Vaccines and Immunogenicity Level and Vaccine Potency Alternative Test Methods. Vet Sci 2024; 11:168. [PMID: 38668435 PMCID: PMC11053669 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between 146S antigen contents in FMD inactivated vaccines and levels of antiviral immunity, this study vaccinated 30 kg pigs with three batches of FMD types O and A bivalent inactivated vaccines. Antibody titers and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after primary immunization and on days 14 and 28 following booster immunization to assess associations between 146S contents and both antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels. Furthermore, 30 kg pigs were vaccinated with 46 batches of FMD type O inactivated vaccines and challenged on day 28, after which PD50 values were determined to evaluate the association between 146S content and PD50. The findings suggested that antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels at specific time points after immunization were positively associated with 146S contents. Additionally, 146S content showed a positive correlation with PD50, with greater PD50 values recorded for 146S contents ranging from 4.72 to 16.55 µg/dose. This investigation established a significant association between the 146S content in FMD inactivated vaccines and induced immune response against FMDV, thereby emphasizing its critical role in vaccine quality control. The determination of 146S content could serve as a new method for potency testing, offering an alternative to animal challenge tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ruai Yang
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fu Yin
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhai
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Bo Tian
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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Jin JS, Lee G, Kim JY, Lee S, Park JH, Park SY, Ko YJ. Calcium Chloride as a Novel Stabilizer for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Its Application in the Vaccine Formulation. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:367. [PMID: 38675749 PMCID: PMC11054701 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermal stability of the in-house-developed foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) type O and A viruses was evaluated, and the O Jincheon virus was found to exhibit the lowest thermal stability. To overcome this instability, we proposed a novel stabilizer, calcium chloride. The thermal stability of FMDVs increased up to a CaCl2 concentration of 10 mM, and it had a decreasing trend at >30 mM. The O Jincheon virus showed a significant decrease in the amount of antigen over time at 4 °C. In contrast, the samples treated with CaCl2 showed stable preservation of the virus without significant antigen loss. After the CaCl2-formulated vaccine was administered twice to pigs, the virus neutralization titer reached approximately 1:1000, suggesting that the vaccine could protect pigs against the FMDV challenge. In summary, the O Jincheon virus is difficult to utilize as a vaccine given its low stability during storage after antigen production. However, following its treatment with CaCl2, it can be easily utilized as a vaccine. This study evaluated CaCl2 as a novel stabilizer in FMD vaccines and may contribute to the development of stable vaccine formulations, especially for inherently unstable FMDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sun Young Park
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (J.S.J.); (G.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (J.S.J.); (G.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.L.); (J.-H.P.)
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Mushtaq H, Shah SS, Zarlashat Y, Iqbal M, Abbas W. Cell Culture Adaptive Amino Acid Substitutions in FMDV Structural Proteins: A Key Mechanism for Altered Receptor Tropism. Viruses 2024; 16:512. [PMID: 38675855 PMCID: PMC11054764 DOI: 10.3390/v16040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The foot-and-mouth disease virus is a highly contagious and economically devastating virus of cloven-hooved animals, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats, causing reduced animal productivity and posing international trade restrictions. For decades, chemically inactivated vaccines have been serving as the most effective strategy for the management of foot-and-mouth disease. Inactivated vaccines are commercially produced in cell culture systems, which require successful propagation and adaptation of field isolates, demanding a high cost and laborious time. Cell culture adaptation is chiefly indebted to amino acid substitutions in surface-exposed capsid proteins, altering the necessity of RGD-dependent receptors to heparan sulfate macromolecules for virus binding. Several amino acid substations in VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins of FMDV, both at structural and functional levels, have been characterized previously. This literature review combines frequently reported amino acid substitutions in virus capsid proteins, their critical roles in virus adaptation, and functional characterization of the substitutions. Furthermore, this data can facilitate molecular virologists to develop new vaccine strains against the foot-and-mouth disease virus, revolutionizing vaccinology via reverse genetic engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mushtaq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-C (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (H.M.); (M.I.)
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Syed Salman Shah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Zarlashat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-C (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (H.M.); (M.I.)
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Abbas
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-C (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (H.M.); (M.I.)
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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Gong Q, Ren S, Dou Y, Tadele BA, Hu T, Zhou L, Wang T, Yao K, Xu J, Yin X, Sun Y. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Protein VP1 Antagonizes Type I Interferon Signaling via Degradation of Histone Deacetylase 5. Cells 2024; 13:539. [PMID: 38534383 PMCID: PMC10969541 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals that hampers trade and production. To ensure effective infection, the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) evades host antiviral pathways in different ways. Although the effect of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) on the innate immune response has previously been documented, the precise molecular mechanism underlying HDAC5-mediated FMDV infection is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we found that silencing or knockout of HDAC5 promoted FMDV replication, whereas HDAC5 overexpression significantly inhibited FMDV propagation. IFN-β and IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) activity was strongly activated through the overexpression of HDAC5. The silencing and knockout of HDAC5 led to an increase in viral replication, which was evident by decreased IFN-β, ISG15, and ISG56 production, as well as a noticeable reduction in IRF3 phosphorylation. Moreover, the results showed that the FMDV capsid protein VP1 targets HDAC5 and facilitates its degradation via the proteasomal pathway. In conclusion, this study highlights that HDAC5 acts as a positive modulator of IFN-β production during viral infection, while FMDV capsid protein VP1 antagonizes the HDAC5-mediated antiviral immune response by degrading HDAC5 to facilitate viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
| | - Shanhui Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
| | - Yongxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
| | - Berihun Afera Tadele
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
| | - Tao Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Luoyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
- School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaishen Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (S.R.)
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Guessoum M, Adnane M, Baazizi R, Derguini MS. Spatial and temporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Algeria from 2014 to 2022. Vet World 2024; 17:509-517. [PMID: 38680156 PMCID: PMC11045538 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.509-517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a major transboundary animal ailment in Algeria, is a serious economic burden on the livestock sector. This study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of FMD in Algeria and identifies the factors contributing to this phenomenon. Materials and Methods Data on FMD cases occurring in Algeria from 2014 to 2022 were collected from various sources, including archives at the Ministry of Agriculture, peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, reference laboratory reports, and unpublished scientific reports. The data were compiled and analyzed using MS Office Excel® and SPSS® software. Results A total of 22,690 FMD cases and 1,141 outbreaks were reported in Algeria between 2014 and 2022. The apex of infections occurred in 2014 (34.5%), followed by an increase in the number of infections in 2019 and 2017. The prevalence of FMD extended to 91.6% of the districts of the country, particularly in the north (center) and eastern regions. Cows were the most affected, with 654 outbreaks and more than 3,665 cases. Although FMD affected all four regions, there was a statistically significant long-term decline in the incidence. Conclusion These spatial and temporal trends underscore the robust disease control methodologies implemented by the Algerian government, such as the strategic immunization of livestock to fortify their viral resistance, stringent constraints on animal mobility, and enlightenment of farmers regarding the hazards associated with unrestricted livestock movement to effectively curb FMD dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Guessoum
- Local Animal Resources Management Laboratory, National Veterinary School, BP161 El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mounir Adnane
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Ibn Khaldoun of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | - Ratiba Baazizi
- Department of Clinic, National Veterinary High School, ENSV, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Madina-Saliha Derguini
- Veterinary Inspection of Algiers, Department of Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Algeria
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Seoke L, Fosgate GT, Opperman PA, Malesa RP, Lazarus DD, Sirdar MM, Heath L. Optimization of a foot-and-mouth disease virus Southern African Territories-specific solid-phase competitive ELISA for small ruminant serum samples. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:192-204. [PMID: 38111309 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231218202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We optimized and verified a single-spot solid-phase competitive ELISA (ss-SPCE) to detect antibodies against structural proteins of Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in small ruminants. Sera from goats vaccinated and experimentally challenged with a SAT1 FMDV pool were tested in duplicate at 4 dilutions (1:10, 1:15, 1:22.5, 1:33.8) to optimize the assay. To assess the performance of the assay in naturally infected animals, we evaluated 316 goat and sheep field sera collected during active SAT2 outbreaks. Relative to results of the virus neutralization test, the optimal serum dilution and cutoff percentage inhibition (PI) were 1:15 and 50%, respectively. At these values, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.85 (p < 0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 80.3% (72.6, 87.2) and 91.1% (84.1, 95.9), respectively. Relative to the liquid-phase blocking ELISA and the nonstructural protein ELISA, the ss-SPCE exhibited divergent performance characteristics between the goat and sheep field sera. Repeatability was better for goats, but the correlation and agreement among all 3 assays were better for the sheep sera. The prevalence of SAT2 FMDV infection in the sampled sheep was 23.6%; sampled goats were seemingly FMDV-free. The ss-SPCE is an appropriate FMDV detection tool to investigate the role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of FMD in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaToya Seoke
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Program, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey T Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Pamela A Opperman
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Refiloe P Malesa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Program, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - David D Lazarus
- Epidemiology and Training Program of Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Mohamed M Sirdar
- World Organisation for Animal Health Sub-Regional Representative for Southern Africa, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Livio Heath
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Program, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Peng G, Liu T, Qi X, Wang Y, Ren J, Peng J, Du X, Hu S, Wu S, Zhao Y, Li D, Zheng H. A genome-wide CRISPR screening uncovers that TOB1 acts as a key host factor for FMDV infection via both IFN and EGFR mediated pathways. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012104. [PMID: 38512977 PMCID: PMC10986976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and the host is extremely important for virus infection, but there are few researches on it, which is not conducive to vaccine development and FMD control. In this study, we designed a porcine genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library containing 93,859 single guide RNAs targeting 16,886 protein-coding genes, 25 long ncRNAs, and 463 microRNAs. Using this library, several previously unreported genes required for FMDV infection are highly enriched post-FMDV selection in IBRS-2 cells. Follow-up studies confirmed the dependency of FMDV on these genes, and we identified a functional role for one of the FMDV-related host genes: TOB1 (Transducer of ERBB2.1). TOB1-knockout significantly inhibits FMDV infection by positively regulating the expression of RIG-I and MDA5. We further found that TOB1-knockout led to more accumulation of mRNA transcripts of transcription factor CEBPA, and thus its protein, which further enhanced transcription of RIG-I and MDA5 genes. In addition, TOB1-knockout was shown to inhibit FMDV adsorption and internalization mediated by EGFR/ERBB2 pathway. Finally, the FMDV lethal challenge on TOB1-knockout mice confirmed that the deletion of TOB1 inhibited FMDV infection in vivo. These results identify TOB1 as a key host factor involved in FMDV infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangling Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Yin C, Zhao H, Xia X, Pan Z, Li D, Zhang L. Picornavirus 2C proteins: structure-function relationships and interactions with host factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1347615. [PMID: 38465233 PMCID: PMC10921941 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Picornaviruses, which are positive-stranded, non-enveloped RNA viruses, are known to infect people and animals with a broad spectrum of diseases. Among the nonstructural proteins in picornaviruses, 2C proteins are highly conserved and exhibit multiple structural domains, including amphipathic α-helices, an ATPase structural domain, and a zinc finger structural domain. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the functional structures of picornaviruses' 2C protein. We summarize the mechanisms by which the 2C protein enhances viral replication. 2C protein interacts with various host factors to form the replication complex, ultimately promoting viral replication. We review the mechanisms through which picornaviruses' 2C proteins interact with the NF-κB, RIG-I, MDA5, NOD2, and IFN pathways, contributing to the evasion of the antiviral innate immune response. Additionally, we provide an overview of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs for treating various enterovirus infections, such as guanidine hydrochloride, fluoxetine, and dibucaine derivatives. These drugs may exert their inhibitory effects on viral infections by targeting interactions with 2C proteins. The review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action of 2C proteins and to identify additional host factors for potential therapeutic intervention. Overall, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of picornaviruses and offers insights into the antiviral strategies against these significant viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haomiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyang Pan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Daoqun Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Kim HW, Ko MK, Park SH, Shin S, Kim GS, Kwak DY, Park JH, Kim SM, Lee JS, Lee MJ. D-galacto-D-mannan-mediated Dectin-2 activation orchestrates potent cellular and humoral immunity as a viral vaccine adjuvant. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330677. [PMID: 38433834 PMCID: PMC10904532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conventional foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have been developed to enhance their effectiveness; however, several drawbacks remain, such as slow induction of antibody titers, short-lived immune response, and local side effects at the vaccination site. Therefore, we created a novel FMD vaccine that simultaneously induces cellular and humoral immune responses using the Dectin-2 agonist, D-galacto-D-mannan, as an adjuvant. Methods We evaluated the innate and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immune responses elicited by the novel FMD vaccine and elucidated the signaling pathway involved both in vitro and in vivo using mice and pigs, as well as immune cells derived from these animals. Results D-galacto-D-mannan elicited early, mid-, and long-term immunity via simultaneous induction of cellular and humoral immune responses by promoting the expression of immunoregulatory molecules. D-galacto-D-mannan also enhanced the immune response and coordinated vaccine-mediated immune response by suppressing genes associated with excessive inflammatory responses, such as nuclear factor kappa B, via Sirtuin 1 expression. Conclusion Our findings elucidated the immunological mechanisms induced by D-galacto-D-mannan, suggesting a background for the robust cellular and humoral immune responses induced by FMD vaccines containing D-galacto-D-mannan. Our study will help to facilitate the improvement of conventional FMD vaccines and the design of next-generation FMD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Won Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hui Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwon Shin
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Sik Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Kwak
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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14
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Sahoo S, Lee HK, Shin D. Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics studies to explore potential natural inhibitors against 3C protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1340126. [PMID: 38298458 PMCID: PMC10827980 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1340126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious animal disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and primarily infects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. It has become a significant health concern in global livestock industries because of diverse serotypes, high mutation rates, and contagious nature. There is no specific antiviral treatment available for FMD. Hence, based on the importance of 3C protease in FMDV viral replication and pathogenesis, we have employed a structure-based virtual screening method by targeting 3C protease with a natural compounds dataset (n = 69,040) from the InterBioScreen database. Virtual screening results identified five potential compounds, STOCK1N-62634, STOCK1N-96109, STOCK1N-94672, STOCK1N-89819, and STOCK1N-80570, with a binding affinity of -9.576 kcal/mol, -8.1 kcal/mol, -7.744 kcal/mol, -7.647 kcal/mol, and - 7.778 kcal/mol, respectively. The compounds were further validated through physiochemical properties and density functional theory (DFT). Subsequently, the comparative 300-ns MD simulation of all five complexes exhibited overall structural stability from various MD analyses such as root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), solvent accessible surface area (SASA), H-bonds, principal component analysis (PCA), and free energy landscape (FEL). Furthermore, MM-PBSA calculation suggests that all five compounds, particularly STOCK1N-62634, STOCK1N-96109, and STOCK1N-94672, can be considered as potential inhibitors because of their strong binding affinity toward 3C protease. Thus, we hope that these identified compounds can be studied extensively to develop natural therapeutics for the better management of FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthitaprajna Sahoo
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Eltahir YM, Ishag HZA, Wadsworth J, Hicks HM, Knowles NJ, Mioulet V, King DP, Mohamed MS, Bensalah OK, Yusof MF, Gasim EFM, Hammadi ZMA, Shah AAM, Abdelmagid YA, Gahlan MAME, Kassim MF, Kayaf K, Zahran A, Nuaimat MMA. Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Vet Sci 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 38250938 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic disease in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in both wild and domestic animals. Despite this, no systematic FMD outbreak investigation accompanied by molecular characterisation of FMD viruses (FMDVs) in small ruminants or cattle has been performed, and only a single report that describes sequences for FMDVs in wildlife from the Emirate has been published. In this study, FMD outbreaks that occurred in 2021 in five animal farms and one animal market in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi were investigated. Cases involved sheep, goats, and cattle, as well as Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Twelve samples were positive for FMDV via RT-qPCR, and four samples (Arabian oryx n = 1, goat n = 2, and sheep n = 1) were successfully genotyped using VP1 nucleotide sequencing. These sequences shared 88~98% identity and were classified within the serotype O, Middle East-South Asia topotype (O/ME-SA). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Arabian oryx isolate (UAE/2/2021) belonged to the PanAsia-2 lineage, the ANT-10 sublineage, and was closely related to the FMDVs recently detected in neighbouring countries. The FMDV isolates from goats (UAE/10/2021 and UAE/11/2021) and from sheep (UAE/14/2021) formed a monophyletic cluster within the SA-2018 lineage that contained viruses from Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. This is the first study describing the circulation of the FMDV O/ME-SA/SA-2018 sublineage in the UAE. These data shed light on the epidemiology of FMD in the UAE and motivate further systematic epidemiological studies and genomic sequencing to enhance the ongoing national animal health FMD control plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir M Eltahir
- Animals Extension and Health Services Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan Zackaria Ali Ishag
- Biosecurity Affairs Division, Development & Innovation Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jemma Wadsworth
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD), The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24, UK
| | - Hayley M Hicks
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD), The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24, UK
| | - Nick J Knowles
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD), The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24, UK
| | - Valérie Mioulet
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD), The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24, UK
| | - Donald P King
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD), The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24, UK
| | - Meera Saeed Mohamed
- Animals Extension and Health Services Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oum Keltoum Bensalah
- Animals Extension and Health Services Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Farouk Yusof
- Biosecurity Affairs Division, Development & Innovation Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Esmat Faisal Malik Gasim
- Biosecurity Affairs Division, Development & Innovation Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zulaikha Mohamed Al Hammadi
- Biosecurity Affairs Division, Development & Innovation Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Abdi Mohamed Shah
- Biosecurity Affairs Division, Development & Innovation Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Ali Abdelmagid
- Animals Extension and Health Services Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moustafa Abdel Meguid El Gahlan
- Animals Extension and Health Services Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohanned Fawzi Kassim
- Animals Extension and Health Services Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kaltham Kayaf
- Animal Development & Health Department, Ministry of Climate Change & Environment, Dubai P.O. Box 1509, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Zahran
- Animal Development & Health Department, Ministry of Climate Change & Environment, Dubai P.O. Box 1509, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mervat Mari Al Nuaimat
- Animal Development & Health Department, Ministry of Climate Change & Environment, Dubai P.O. Box 1509, United Arab Emirates
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Das S, Pal S, Rautaray SS, Mohapatra JK, Subramaniam S, Rout M, Rai SN, Singh RP. Estimation of foot-and-mouth disease virus sero-prevalence rates using novel computational approach for the susceptible bovine population in India during the period 2008-2021. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22583. [PMID: 38114542 PMCID: PMC10730831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. In India, a vaccination-based official FMD control programme was started, which got expanded progressively to cover entire country in 2019. The serological tests are used to determine non-structural protein based sero-prevalence rates for properly implementing and assessing the control programme. Since 2008, reporting of the FMD sero-surveillance was limited to the serum sample-based serological test results without going for population-level estimation due to lack of proper statistical methodology. Thus, we present a computational approach for estimating the sero-prevalence rates at the state and national levels. Based on the reported approach, a web-application ( https://nifmd-bbf.icar.gov.in/FMDSeroSurv ) and an R software package ( https://github.com/sam-dfmd/FMDSeroSurv ) have been developed. The presented computational techniques are applied to the FMD sero-surveillance data during 2008-2021 to get the status of virus circulation in India under a strict vaccination policy. Furthermore, through various structural equation models, we attempt to establish a link between India's estimated sero-prevalence rate and field FMD outbreaks. Our results indicate that the current sero-prevalence rates are significantly associated with previous field outbreaks up to 2 years. Besides, we observe downward trends in sero-prevalence and outbreaks over the years, specifically after 2013, which indicate the effectiveness of various measures implemented under the FMD control programme. The findings of the study may help researchers and policymakers to track virus infection and identification of potential disease-free zones through vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarendra Das
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - Soumen Pal
- Division of Computer Application, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sagar Sangam Rautaray
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Jajati K Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Manoranjan Rout
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Shesh N Rai
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
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17
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Azimi SM, Mohammadian B, Khezri M. Seroprevalence of antibodies to non-structural protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus in vaccinated dairy cattle. Vet Res Forum 2023; 14:681-684. [PMID: 38174091 PMCID: PMC10759776 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1990250.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease of livestock, is endemic in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of antibodies against 3ABC non-structural protein (NSP) of FMD virus, a cross-sectional study was conducted on dairy cattle in eight cities of Kurdistan Province from May to September 2016. Serum samples (n = 283), were collected from cattle vaccinated with the recommended dose of a commercial vaccine and tested by a Competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed the overall seroprevalence of antibodies against NSP of FMD virus in the vaccinated cattle was 22.30% (95.00% CI: 17.40 - 27.20%). The seroprevalence of antibodies was affected by geographical regions, with the highest seroprevalence related to the samples of vaccinated cattle in the cities of Marivan 95.00% (95.00% CI: 92.50 - 97.50%) and Saqqez 38.50% (95.00% CI: 32.80 - 44.20%). In terms of age, the highest seroprevalence of antibodies to FMD virus 26.70% (95.00% CI: 21.60-31.80%) belonged to ≤ 24-month-old cattle. These findings suggest that the presence of NSP antibodies in vaccinated cattle indicates the risk of infection with FMD virus serotypes circulating in the west of the province, so further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahmoud Azimi
- Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Baharak Mohammadian
- Department of Honey Bee, Silk worm and Wildlife Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khezri
- Department of Honey Bee, Silk worm and Wildlife Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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18
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Zewdie G, Akalu M, Tolossa W, Belay H, Deresse G, Zekarias M, Tesfaye Y. A review of foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia: epidemiological aspects, economic implications, and control strategies. Virol J 2023; 20:299. [PMID: 38102688 PMCID: PMC10724896 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects the livelihoods and productivity of livestock farmers in endemic regions. It can infect various domestic and wild animals with cloven hooves and is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae, which has seven different serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia-1. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology, economic impact, diagnosis, and control measures of FMD in Ethiopia in comparison with the global situation. The genetic and antigenic diversity of FMD viruses requires a thorough understanding for developing and applying effective control strategies in endemic areas. FMD has direct and indirect economic consequences on animal production. In Ethiopia, FMD outbreaks have led to millions of USD losses due to the restriction or rejection of livestock products in the international market. Therefore, in endemic areas, disease control depends on vaccinations to prevent animals from developing clinical disease. However, in Ethiopia, due to the presence of diverse antigenic serotypes of FMD viruses, regular and extensive molecular investigation of new field isolates is necessary to perform vaccine-matching studies to evaluate the protective potential of the vaccine strain in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Zewdie
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Mirtneh Akalu
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Department of Biotechnology, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Ap, 522502, India
| | | | - Hassen Belay
- Africa Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Center (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box: 1746, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yeneneh Tesfaye
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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19
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Zhang Z, Wang D, Yao Y, Yang J, Yang Z, Yang Y. Characterization of T-cell subsets in response to foot-and-mouth disease bivalent inactivated vaccine in Chinese Holstein cows. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0102923. [PMID: 37815383 PMCID: PMC10714733 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01029-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Vaccination plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of FMD; however, outbreaks persist occurring worldwide. Assessing the immune response to FMD vaccines is essential for effective prevention of FMD. In this study, a seven-color flow cytometry protocol was developed to systematically evaluate the T-cell response of Chinese Holstein cows vaccinated with FMD bivalent inactivated vaccine. Our findings showed that while most T-cell subsets (%) decreased post-vaccination, a significant increase was observed in CD4+CD8+ DP T cells, which was consistent with the levels of specific foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antibodies. These findings suggested that CD4+CD8+ DP T cells could serve as a potential biomarker for the evaluation of cellular and humoral responses to FMDV vaccination. Additionally, we should be aware of the potential decline in cellular immunity among cattle during FMD vaccination, as this may increase the risk of other pathogen-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dasheng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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20
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El-Ansary RE, Kasem S, El-Tabakh MAM, Badr Y, Abdel-Moneim AS. Isolation, molecular characterization, and genetic diversity of recently isolated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A in Egypt. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295319. [PMID: 38051725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting all hoof-cloven animals. Serotypes A, O and SAT 2 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are circulating in Egypt. The present study aimed to identify and molecularly characterize the FMDV strains circulating in Northern Egypt during an epidemic that struck the nation in 2022. RNA was extracted from the epithelial specimens, vesicular fluid from affected cattle. The samples were screened using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Positive samples underwent individual serotype-specific amplification using primers designed for VP1 of O, A, and SAT 2 serotypes. Subsequently, direct sequencing was performed on the positive samples. The real-time RT-PCR detected positive samples from epithelial and vesicular fluid samples, but not in the blood of infected animals. Out of the 16 samples, seven tested positive for FMDV serotype A. Of these seven positive samples, six were categorized as serotype A-African topotype-G-IV, and these positive samples were isolated in BHK-21 cells, yielding an overt cytopathic effect caused by the virus. In conclusion, it is necessary to sustain continuous surveillance of the evolution of circulating FMDV strains to facilitate the assessment and aid in the selection of vaccine strains for the effective control of FMDV in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy E El-Ansary
- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Kasem
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El Geish Street, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M El-Tabakh
- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yassien Badr
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases Division), Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Mallick S, Singh RP, Biswal JK, Mohapatra JK, Rout M, Samanta R, Khulape SA, Ranjan R. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O and development of a sandwich ELISA for virus antigen detection. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1915-1924. [PMID: 37222940 PMCID: PMC10206340 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India with a majority of outbreaks caused by FMD virus (FMDV) serotype O. In the present study a panel of eight (2F9, 2G10, 3B9, 3H5, 4C8, 4D6, 4G10 and 5B6) mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed against FMDV serotype O Indian vaccine strain, O/IND/R2/75 via hybridoma systems. The MAbs generated were FMDV/O specific without cross-reactivity against FMDV type A and Asia 1. All the MAbs were identified as IgG1/kappa type. Out of eight, three MAbs (3B9, 3H5 and 4G10) demonstrated virus neutralizing activity. The reactivity of all MAbs increased with heat treated (@560C) serotype O antigen compared to untreated antigen in sandwich ELISA indicating that their binding epitopes are linear. Six MAbs (except 2F9 and 4D6) reacted with recombinant P1 protein of homologous virus in an indirect ELISA among which only MAb 3B9 bound to VP1. MAb profiling of 37 serotype O field viruses isolated between the years 1962 and 2021 demonstrated antigenic similarity between field isolates and reference vaccine strain. MAbs 5B6 and 4C8 consistently reacted with all 37 isolates. In indirect immunofluorescence assay MAb 5B6 bound well with FMDV/O antigen. Finally, a sandwich ELISA was successfully developed using rabbit polyclonal anti-FMDV/O serum and MAb 5B6 for detection of FMDV/O antigen in clinical samples (n = 649). The new assay exhibited 100% and 98.89% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity respectively compared to traditional polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA suggesting that the MAb-based ELISA developed here could be an effective method for detection of FMDV serotype O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrutirekha Mallick
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease-International Centre for FMD, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease-International Centre for FMD, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Biswal
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease-International Centre for FMD, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Jajati Keshari Mohapatra
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease-International Centre for FMD, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Manoranjan Rout
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease-International Centre for FMD, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Reshma Samanta
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease-International Centre for FMD, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Sagar Ashok Khulape
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease-International Centre for FMD, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease-International Centre for FMD, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha 752050 India
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22
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Shin S, Kim HW, Ko MK, Park SH, Kim SM, Park JH, Lee MJ. Inactivated vaccine with glycyrrhizic acid adjuvant elicits potent innate and adaptive immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289065. [PMID: 38029108 PMCID: PMC10644816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease that is fatal to young animals and is a major threat to the agricultural economy by reducing production and limiting the movement of livestock. The currently commercially-available FMD vaccine is prepared using an inactivated viral antigen in an oil emulsion, with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] as an adjuvant. However, oil emulsion-based options possess limitations including slow increases in antibody titers (up to levels adequate for defense against viral infection) and risks of local reactions at the vaccination site. Further, Al(OH)3 only induces a T helper 2 (Th2) cell response. Therefore, novel adjuvants that can address these limitations are urgently needed. Glycyrrhizic acid (extracted from licorice roots) is a triterpenoid saponin and has great advantages in terms of price and availability. Methods To address the limitations of the currently used commercial FMD vaccine, we added glycyrrhizic acid as an adjuvant (immunostimulant) to the FMD bivalent (O PA2 + A YC) vaccine. We then evaluated its efficacy in promoting both innate and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immune reactions in vitro [using murine peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)] and in vivo (using mice and pigs). Results Glycyrrhizic acid has been revealed to induce an innate immune response and enhance early, mid-, and long-term immunity. The studied bivalent vaccine with glycyrrhizic acid increased the expression of immunoregulatory genes such as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), cytokines, transcription factors, and co-stimulatory molecules. Conclusion Collectively, glycyrrhizic acid could have utility as a novel vaccine adjuvant that can address the limitations of commercialized FMD vaccines by inducing potent innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Ja Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yao Y, Zhang Z, Yang Z. The combination of vaccines and adjuvants to prevent the occurrence of high incidence of infectious diseases in bovine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243835. [PMID: 37885619 PMCID: PMC10598632 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population grows, the demand for beef and dairy products is also increasing. The cattle industry is facing tremendous pressures and challenges. The expanding cattle industry has led to an increased risk of disease in cattle. These diseases not only cause economic losses but also pose threats to public health and safety. Hence, ensuring the health of cattle is crucial. Vaccination is one of the most economical and effective methods of preventing bovine infectious diseases. However, there are fewer comprehensive reviews of bovine vaccines available. In addition, the variable nature of bovine infectious diseases will result in weakened or even ineffective immune protection from existing vaccines. This shows that it is crucial to improve overall awareness of bovine vaccines. Adjuvants, which are crucial constituents of vaccines, have a significant role in enhancing vaccine response. This review aims to present the latest advances in bovine vaccines mainly including types of bovine vaccines, current status of development of commonly used vaccines, and vaccine adjuvants. In addition, this review highlights the main challenges and outstanding problems of bovine vaccines and adjuvants in the field of research and applications. This review provides a theoretical and practical basis for the eradication of global bovine infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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24
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Ali F, Narges N, Amin J. Restraint of VP1 Protein of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus using Specific Antiviral Peptides: an in Silico Investigation. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:1483-1495. [PMID: 38590669 PMCID: PMC10998950 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2023.78.5.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Foot and mouth diseases are among the important threats in the animal husbandry industry which lead to huge economic losses. In this regard, the current project aimed to inhibit the VP1 protein of foot and mouth disease viruses using specific peptides. For this purpose, a wide range of potential antiviral peptides were collected from the database. Physicochemical properties, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and solubility properties of potential antiviral peptides were investigated using reliable servers. Afterward, the tertiary structures of the selected peptides along with the VP1 protein were modeled by the I-TASSER server. Moreover, interactions between VP1 protein and selected antiviral peptides were investigated using the ClusPro 2.0 server. Finally, the outputs of molecular docking were assessed by LigPlot+ and visualized by PyMol software. The results revealed that Dermaseptin-3, Ginkbilobin, Circulin-F, Maximin1, Cycloviolin-A, Cycloviolin-D, Circulin-C, Cycloviolin-C, and Antihypertensive protein BDS-1 peptides with a hydrophobicity value of > 30 were soluble with positive instability index and positive net charge. Moreover, the results of the molecular docking process demonstrated that Dermaseptin-3 and Ginkbilobin peptides could strongly inhibit the VP1 protein using 10 hydrogen bonds. Therefore, these two peptides, which had the most hydrogen bonds, were introduced as the best anti-foot and mouth disease virus peptides to apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouharmehr Ali
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Nazifi Narges
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Jaydari Amin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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25
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Sarry M, Bernelin-Cottet C, Michaud C, Relmy A, Romey A, Salomez AL, Renson P, Contrant M, Berthaud M, Huet H, Jouvion G, Hägglund S, Valarcher JF, Bakkali Kassimi L, Blaise-Boisseau S. Development of a primary cell model derived from porcine dorsal soft palate for foot-and-mouth disease virus research and diagnosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1215347. [PMID: 37840704 PMCID: PMC10570842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that has a significant socio-economic impact. One concern associated with this disease is the ability of its etiological agent, the FMD virus (FMDV), to persist in its hosts through underlying mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. While persistence has been described in cattle and small ruminants, it is unlikely to occur in pigs. One of the factors limiting the progress in understanding FMDV persistence and, in particular, differential persistence is the lack of suitable in vitro models. A primary bovine cell model derived from the dorsal soft palate, which is the primary site of replication and persistence of FMDV in cattle, has been developed, and it seemed relevant to develop a similar porcine model. Cells from two sites of FMDV replication in pigs, namely, the dorsal soft palate and the oropharyngeal tonsils, were isolated and cultured. The epithelial character of the cells from the dorsal soft palate was then assessed by immunofluorescence. The FMDV-sensitivity of these cells was assessed after monolayer infection with FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 Clone 2.2. These cells were also grown in multilayers at the air-liquid interface to mimic a stratified epithelium susceptible to FMDV infection. Consistent with what has been shown in vivo in pigs, our study showed no evidence of persistence of FMDV in either the monolayer or multilayer model, with no infectious virus detected 28 days after infection. The development of such a model opens up new possibilities for the study and diagnosis of FMDV in porcine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sarry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- AgroParistech, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Bernelin-Cottet
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Caroline Michaud
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anthony Relmy
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurore Romey
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne-Laure Salomez
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Patricia Renson
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Maud Contrant
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Maxime Berthaud
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Hélène Huet
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Dynamyc Research Team, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Créteil, France
- Unité d’Histologie et d’Anatomie Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sara Hägglund
- Host Pathogen Interaction Group, Section of Ruminant Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean-François Valarcher
- Host Pathogen Interaction Group, Section of Ruminant Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Blaise-Boisseau
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAe, EnvA, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Woldemariyam FT, Negessu D, Bilata T, Muluneh A, Gebreweld DS, Ebisa IT, Paeshuyse J. Humoral Immune Response in Calves Vaccinated with Monovalent Vaccines or a Trivalent Combination Thereof and Matching of These Vaccines to the Selected Circulating Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Ethiopia. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1352. [PMID: 37631920 PMCID: PMC10457929 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic, highly contagious, and devastating disease of livestock production in Ethiopia. Control of this disease relies mainly on prophylactic vaccination by willing farmers without a countrywide vaccination program. The objectives of this study were to quantify the humoral immune response and evaluation of the serological relationship of the vaccine strain used with representative field strain isolates. This was performed by primo vaccination of 6-9-month-old Holstein Friesian calves (35 treatment and 4 control calves) on day one and booster vaccination on day 28. Calves were vaccinated using the locally available National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu, Ethiopia, inactivated aluminum hydroxide adjuvant monovalent (either O, A, SAT-2 alone) or trivalent (combination of A, O, SAT-2) vaccine (A/ETH/6/2000 (G-VII, O/ETH/38/2005(EA-3) and SAT-2/ETH/64/2009(XIII)). A 2 mL or 4 mL dose was used to vaccinate all calves except the animals that served as a control. In the case of the trivalent vaccine, a 4 mL dose was used to vaccinate calves. The serum was collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.). The humoral immune response was quantified by the solid-phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SPC ELISA) and the virus-neutralization test (VNT). The serological relationship of heterologous and homologous viruses was also evaluated by adjuvant vaccine matching tests. The r1-value was determined using serum collected 21 d.p.v. An increase in immune response was observed from 7 d.p.v. to 28 d.p.v. in calves who received a 4 mL dose containing a 107.24 antigen load of 100 tissue culture infective dose (100TCID50) virus titer in the formulation. Upon receiving a booster dose on day 28, the humoral immune response was checked on the 56th day post-initial vaccination. Amounts of 54%, 72%, 79%, and 72% of inhibition for A, O, SAT-2, and trivalent vaccine in the three serotypes SPCE, respectively, was measured. Here, it was found that the immune response of calves increased from day 7 to 56, as evidenced by SPCE analysis. Likewise, an increase in antibody titer measured by a one-dimensional virus neutralization assay was also in line with SPCE analysis. This indicates that the vaccine is capable of inducing a neutralizing antibody that confers a protective immune response in 70%, 62%, and 100% heterologous field strains of A, O, and SAT-2 isolates, respectively, and has an average antigenic relationship of >0.3 with a standard deviation of +0.05 (N = 3) to the vaccine strains A/ETH/6/2000, O/ETH/38/2005 and SAT-2/ETH/64/2009, respectively, when using the one-dimensional virus neutralization test. The contribution and importance of this study is a confirmation of the vaccine and the field strain serological relationship for serotype SAT-2 strain and further research/change of vaccination strategy/ improvement in the currently used vaccine to cover a wide range of prevailing genotypes/lineages and induction of sound immune response after vaccination for serotype A and O strain. This study suggests that the trivalent vaccine produced by the National Veterinary Institute containing viral isolates from serotype O, A, and SAT-2 has a good serological relationship with the majority of circulating field strains in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanos Tadesse Woldemariyam
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interaction in Livestock, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tsion Bilata
- Animal Health Institute, Sheger City P.O. Box 04, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Ibsa Teshome Ebisa
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Guder Mamo Mezemir Campus, Ambo University, Ambo P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interaction in Livestock, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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27
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Ayaz Kök S, Üstün S, Taşkent Sezgin H. Diagnosis of Ruminant Viral Diseases with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1228-1241. [PMID: 36719638 PMCID: PMC9888337 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases in livestock industry are major problems for animal health, food safety, and the economy. Zoonotic diseases from farm animals are significant threat to human population as well. These are notifiable diseases listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Rapid diagnostic methods can help keep infectious diseases under control in herds. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a simple and rapid nucleic acid amplification method that is studied widely for detection of many infectious diseases in the field. LAMP allows biosensing of target DNA or RNA under isothermal conditions with high specificity in a short period of time. An untrained user can analyze results based on color change or turbidity. Here we review LAMP assays to diagnose OIE notifiable ruminant viral diseases in literature highlighting properties of LAMP method considering what is expected from an efficient, field usable diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanem Ayaz Kök
- Biotechnology Interdisciplinary Program, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe, Urla, İzmir, Turkey, 35430
- New Era Biotechnology, Teknopark İzmir, Gülbahçe, Urla, İzmir, Turkey, 35430
| | - Selcen Üstün
- Bioengineering Department, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe, Urla, İzmir, Turkey, 35430
| | - Hümeyra Taşkent Sezgin
- Biotechnology Interdisciplinary Program, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe, Urla, İzmir, Turkey, 35430.
- New Era Biotechnology, Teknopark İzmir, Gülbahçe, Urla, İzmir, Turkey, 35430.
- Bioengineering Department, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe, Urla, İzmir, Turkey, 35430.
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Yasuura M, Tan ZL, Horiguchi Y, Ashiba H, Fukuda T. Improvement of Sensitivity and Speed of Virus Sensing Technologies Using nm- and μm-Scale Components. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6830. [PMID: 37571612 PMCID: PMC10422600 DOI: 10.3390/s23156830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Various viral diseases can be widespread and cause severe disruption to global society. Highly sensitive virus detection methods are needed to take effective measures to prevent the spread of viral infection. This required the development of rapid virus detection technology to detect viruses at low concentrations, even in the biological fluid of patients in the early stages of the disease or environmental samples. This review describes an overview of various virus detection technologies and then refers to typical technologies such as beads-based assay, digital assay, and pore-based sensing, which are the three modern approaches to improve the performance of viral sensing in terms of speed and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yasuura
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan; (Z.L.T.); (Y.H.); (H.A.); (T.F.)
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Kabelo TI, Fana EM, Hyera JM, Lebani K. A review of foot-and-mouth disease status and control measures in Botswana. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:278. [PMID: 37500989 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), an economically important disease of livestock, is endemic in Botswana. The country has been affected by this disease since the early 1930s, and FMD virus (FMDV) continues to circulate in both domestic and wild animal populations. Botswana is affected by the Southern African Territories (SAT1-3) of FMDV. Up to 80% of the income in the agricultural sector in Botswana is derived from the beef production, and about 70% of Botswana's beef exports go to the European Union (EU) market. Thus, trade restrictions caused by FMD outbreaks may result in declines in revenue. In this review, the FMD status of Botswana from 2006 to 2022 is discussed. During the report period, SAT2 was responsible for 80 out of a total of 87 FMD outbreaks, while SAT1 was responsible for 7 out of 87 outbreaks. These outbreaks were a result of SAT1 topotype I and SAT2 topotypes I, II, and III. There were no outbreaks associated with serotype SAT3 over the review span, suggesting absence of this serotype in the country, although it is still maintained in vaccines formulated for use in Botswana. Most of the outbreaks reported in this review occurred in the North West district of Botswana; an area that is heavily populated with cloven hooved wildlife. This highlights the role of wildlife-domestic animal interaction in FMD spread and maintenance. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has created a progressive control pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) for the global elimination of FMD to reduce FMD-related losses. This review highlights how Botswana takes part in the PCP-FMD by putting in place control measures such as surveillance and vaccination. The review also touches on the disease control challenges such as limitations to separation of livestock with populations of buffaloes and lapses in livestock vaccination which contribute to maintenance of FMDV circulation in Botswana.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Kabelo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - E M Fana
- WOAH Foot-and-Mouth Disease Regional Reference Laboratory for Sub-Saharan Africa, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - J M Hyera
- WOAH Foot-and-Mouth Disease Regional Reference Laboratory for Sub-Saharan Africa, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - K Lebani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
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Metwally S, Bkear N, Badr Y, Elshafey B, Alhag SK, Al-Shuraym LA, Batiha G, Fakhry B, Hamada R. A Newly Emerging Serotype A Strain in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus with Higher Severity and Mortality in Buffalo than in Cattle Calves in North Egypt. Vet Sci 2023; 10:488. [PMID: 37624275 PMCID: PMC10457878 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A severe foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic struck several Egyptian provinces recently, causing significant losses among animals even in vaccinated farms. This study indicated the existence of the newly emerging foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and first investigated its effect on the Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle calves in the Beheira province, north Egypt. Twenty tongue epithelial samples from diseased calves in five infected farms were randomly collected, prepared, and propagated using baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells. Whole genomic RNA was extracted from the cells of the third passage. A FMDV genome was detected and serotyped using one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs). Nucleotide sequencing of the purified serotype-specific PCR bands was performed, and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 600 base pairs of VP1 was constructed. The results identified FMDV, serotype A in all infected samples, whereas the serotypes O and SAT2 were negative. The obtained 20 sequences were identical to each other and similar to the newly reported strain in Egypt that belongs to the Europe-South America (Euro-SA) topotype. The epidemiological and clinical parameters associated with such a strain were fully recorded by veterinarians and analyzed in a single infected farm including 70 cattle and buffalo calves. It caused higher peracute mortalities in buffalo (25.7%; 95% CI: 13-43) than in cattle (8.6%; 95% CI: 2-24) calves. Severe clinical signs such as dullness, hypothermia, bradycardia, and cardiac arrhythmia were common to both except in fatal cases, whereas hyperthermia and respiratory signs were prevalent in cattle calves. In conclusion, we first characterized the newly emerging FMDV in the calves of Beheira as more fatal and severe in buffalo than in cattle calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Metwally
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (N.B.); (Y.B.); (B.F.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nabil Bkear
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (N.B.); (Y.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Yassien Badr
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (N.B.); (Y.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Besheer Elshafey
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Sadeq K. Alhag
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayl Asser 61913, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Laila A. Al-Shuraym
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gaber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Bassant Fakhry
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (N.B.); (Y.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Rania Hamada
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Dahiya SS, Subramaniam S, Mohapatra JK, Rout M, Biswal JK, Giri P, Nayak V, Singh RP. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Exhibits Phenomenal Genetic Lineage Diversity in India during 2018-2022. Viruses 2023; 15:1529. [PMID: 37515215 PMCID: PMC10384687 DOI: 10.3390/v15071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In India, widespread foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks occurred in 2021. The objective of this study was to identify genetic lineages and evaluate the antigenic relationships of FMD virus (FMDV) isolates gathered from outbreaks reported between 2019 and 2022. Our study shows that the lineages O/ME-SA/Ind2001e and the O/ME-SA/Cluster-2018 were both responsible for the FMD outbreaks on an epidemic scale during 2021. This observation is in contrast to earlier findings that suggested epidemic-scale FMD outbreaks in India are often connected to a single genetic lineage. Additionally, we report here the identification of the O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2/ANT10 sub-lineage in India for the first time, which was connected to two intermittent outbreaks in Jammu and Kashmir. The current study demonstrates that the O/ME-SA/ind2001e lineage has a strong presence outside of the Indian subcontinent. Furthermore, the O/ME-SA/Cluster-2018 was observed to have a wider geographic distribution than previously, and like the O/ME-SA/Ind2001d and O/ME-SA/Ind2001e lineages in the past, it may eventually spread outside of its geographic niche. For O/ME-SA/Ind2001e and O/ME-SA/Cluster-2018, the predicted substitution rate for the VP1 region was 6.737 × 10-3 and 8.257 × 10-3 nt substitutions per site per year, respectively. The time of the most recent common ancestor of the O/ME-SA/Ind2001e and O/ME-SA/Cluster-2018 strains suggests that the viruses possibly emerged during 2003-2011 and 2009-2017, respectively. Recent sightings of the O/ME-SA/PanAsia2/ANT10 virus in India and the O/ME-SA/Ind2001e virus in Pakistan point to possible cross-border transit of the viruses. The results of a two-dimensional viral neutralization test revealed that all of the field isolates were antigenically matched to the currently used Indian vaccine strain O INDR2/1975. These results suggest that the serotype O vaccine strain can protect against outbreaks brought on by all three circulating lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Singh Dahiya
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for FMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for FMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Jajati Keshari Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for FMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Manoranjan Rout
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for FMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Biswal
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for FMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Priyabrata Giri
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for FMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Vinayak Nayak
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for FMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, International Centre for FMD, Arugul, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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Razak A, Altaf I, Ahmad Anjum A, Raza Awan A. Preparation of purified vaccine from local isolate of foot and mouth disease virus and its immune response in bovine calves. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103709. [PMID: 37440959 PMCID: PMC10333673 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is globally pandemic which badly affect the economics of livestock based countries like Pakistan. There are different types of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) among these types O is most prevalent in Pakistan. Recently Pakistan is producing approximately fifteen million doses of non-purified FMD vaccine against the demand of 160 million doses annually. More over the Pakistan is still striving for the development and optimization of concentration as well as purification of FMDV. The present project was designed to develop the technology for the purification of FMDV indigenously. The locally isolated and adapted FMDV type O virus was propagated on adherent culture of BHK-21cells to get final volume of virus one liter. This virus suspension was concentrated by peggylation as well as ultra-filtration method. The purification and quantification of concentrated virus was done by size exclusion chromatography. The results showed that peggylation is better method of concentration up to 603.75 µg/ml with 82.80 % recovery rate than ultra-filtration with 43.90 % followed by chromatography for purification. The PD50 was calculated in bovines at 24, 12, 6, 3 and 1.5 µg of FMDV Ag/dose and it revealed that antigen load of 1.98 µg is the dose, where the 50 % of inoculated animals showed the protective antibody level based upon percent inhibition through antibody detecting ELISA. According to the British pharmacopeia, the vaccine should contain 3PD50 which found equivalent to our findings about 6 µg/dose. The group of animal injected with 6/dose (3.23PD50) showed protective titer up to 20th week post priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Razak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Altaf
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Awan
- Institute of Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary, and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Dobson SJ, Ward JC, Herod MR, Rowlands DJ, Stonehouse NJ. A highly discriminatory RNA strand-specific assay to facilitate analysis of the role of cis-acting elements in foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37436428 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), the aetiological agent responsible for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), is a member of the genus Aphthovirus within the family Picornavirus. In common with all picornaviruses, replication of the single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome involves synthesis of a negative-sense complementary strand that serves as a template for the synthesis of multiple positive-sense progeny strands. We have previously employed FMDV replicons to examine viral RNA and protein elements essential to replication, but the factors affecting differential strand production remain unknown. Replicon-based systems require transfection of high levels of RNA, which can overload sensitive techniques such as quantitative PCR, preventing discrimination of specific strands. Here, we describe a method in which replicating RNA is labelled in vivo with 5-ethynyl uridine. The modified base is then linked to a biotin tag using click chemistry, facilitating purification of newly synthesised viral genomes or anti-genomes from input RNA. This selected RNA can then be amplified by strand-specific quantitative PCR, thus enabling investigation of the consequences of defined mutations on the relative synthesis of negative-sense intermediate and positive-strand progeny RNAs. We apply this new approach to investigate the consequence of mutation of viral cis-acting replication elements and provide direct evidence for their roles in negative-strand synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Dobson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joseph C Ward
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Morgan R Herod
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Rowlands
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is listed among the highly contagious diseases in animals and is endemic throughout the Asian continent. The disease is caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and affects a wide variety of domesticated animals as well as wild ungulates. Clinically, the disease is described as a vesicular lesion on the tongue, muzzle, lips, gum, dental pad, interdigital cleft, coronary band, and heel of the foot. Sometimes these lesions give rise to lameness. Mastitis is also caused due to teat lesions. A biochemical test reveals that during FMD infection, there are elevated levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6, serum amyloid A protein, lactoferrin, mannose-binding lectin, and monocytes chemo-attractant protein-1 in the serum of infected animals. There is no specific treatment for FMD although some antivirals are given as prophylaxis and antibiotics are given to prevent secondary bacterial infection. This review presents comprehensive data on the prevalence of FMD and serotypes of FMDV that are attributable to the cause of FMD from a regional point of view. It also explains the worldwide dynamics of the seven serotypes of FMD and tries to identify epidemiological clusters of FMD in various geographical areas. Furthermore, the pathology associated with the foot and mouth disease virus along with the pathophysiology is discussed. The continent-wide prevalence and diversity patterns of FMD suggest that there is a need for stringent policies and legislation implementation regarding research and development aimed at manufacturing strain-specific vaccination, infection prevention, and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Aslam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Lee BR, Lee HJ, Kim NH, Kim YS, Park KI. Increased Effect of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Structural Protein Antibody Positivity Rates in Piglets Orally Treated with Amino-Zinc Complex. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2027. [PMID: 37370536 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious animal disease that occurs in cloven-hoofed animals including pigs. To prevent FMD, vaccines and adjuvants are routinely used to induce an immune response; however, it requires an extended period of time to produce sufficient antibodies to prevent viral infection. In this study, we evaluated the increased effectiveness of the FMD vaccine structural protein (SP) antibody by administrating the Amino-Zn adjuvant to 100 pigs from 3 test pig farms in their feed. The FMD vaccine antibody titer and immunological index were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and the hematological and blood biochemical parameters were analyzed using an automatic blood analyzer. The titer of the FMD vaccine SP antibodies in the 0.2% Amino-Zn-administered group was significantly increased compared to that of the positive control group only injected with FMD vaccine at 4 weeks after the first vaccination and at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after the second vaccination (p < 0.05). The FMD vaccine SP antibody positive rate was 100% until shipment. The IFN-γ and IgA levels were significantly increased by Amino-Zn administration 4 weeks after the first vaccination and 4 weeks after the second vaccination (p < 0.05). On the other hand, serum AST, and CPK (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased by Amino-Zn administration. These results show that the administration of Amino-Zn is effective in enhancing the antibody titer and immunogenicity of the FMD vaccine and can be used as an oral adjuvant (OrAd) to prevent viral diseases, such as FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Ryol Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Jang Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hoon Kim
- ZinexBio Corporation, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Abdel-Kader MS, Almutib FS, Aldosari AF, Soliman GA, Elzorba HY, Alqarni MH, Ibrahim RS, Zaatout HH. In Vitro and In Silico Anti-Picornavirus Triterpene Alkanoic Acid Ester from Saudi Collection of Rhazya stricta Decne. Metabolites 2023; 13:750. [PMID: 37367908 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The total alcohol extract obtained from the aerial parts of R. stricta and fractions of the liquid-liquid fractionation process were tested against picornavirus-causing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) based on the traditional use of the plant in Saudi Arabia. The most active petroleum ether soluble fraction was subjected to chromatographic purification, and nine compounds were isolated, identified using various chemical and spectroscopic methods, and tested for their anti-viral potential. The new ester identified as α-Amyrin 3-(3'R-hydroxy)-hexadecanoate (1) was the most active compound with 51% inhibition of the viral growth and was given the name Rhazyin A. Compounds with ursane skeleton were more active than those with lupane skeleton except in the case of the acid derivatives where betulenic acid showed 26.1% inhibition against the viral growth, while ursolic acid showed only 16.6% inhibition. Moreover, molecular docking analysis using a glide extra-precision module was utilized for investigating the possible molecular interactions accounting for anti-viral activity against picornavirus of the nine isolated compounds. Molecular docking studies revealed a strong binding of the discovered hits within the active site of FMDV 3Cpro. Compound 1 showed the lowest docking score within the nine isolated compounds comparable to the two known anti-viral drugs; glycyrrhizic acid and ribavirin. The results of this research will provide lead candidates from natural origin with potential safety and efficacy compared to the synthetic ones with lower production costs for managing FMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged S Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Fahad S Almutib
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Aldosari
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hisham Y Elzorba
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Hala H Zaatout
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Medina GN, Spinard E, Azzinaro PA, Rodriguez-Calzada M, Gutkoska J, Kloc A, Rieder EA, Taillon BE, Mueller S, de Los Santos T, Segundo FDS. Deoptimization of FMDV P1 Region Results in Robust Serotype-Independent Viral Attenuation. Viruses 2023; 15:1332. [PMID: 37376631 DOI: 10.3390/v15061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed livestock that can have severe economic impacts. Control and prevention strategies, including the development of improved vaccines, are urgently needed to effectively control FMD outbreaks in endemic settings. Previously, we employed two distinct strategies (codon pair bias deoptimization (CPD) and codon bias deoptimization (CD)) to deoptimize various regions of the FMDV serotype A subtype A12 genome, which resulted in the development of an attenuated virus in vitro and in vivo, inducing varying levels of humoral responses. In the current study, we examined the versatility of the system by using CPD applied to the P1 capsid coding region of FMDV serotype A subtype, A24, and another serotype, Asia1. Viruses carrying recoded P1 (A24-P1Deopt or Asia1-P1Deopt) exhibited different degrees of attenuation (i.e., delayed viral growth kinetics and replication) in cultured cells. Studies in vivo using a mouse model of FMD demonstrated that inoculation with the A24-P1Deopt and Asia1-P1Deopt strains elicited a strong humoral immune response capable of offering protection against challenge with homologous wildtype (WT) viruses. However, different results were obtained in pigs. While clear attenuation was detected for both the A24-P1Deopt and Asia1-P1Deopt strains, only a limited induction of adaptive immunity and protection against challenge was detected, depending on the inoculated dose and serotype deoptimized. Our work demonstrates that while CPD of the P1 coding region attenuates viral strains of multiple FMDV serotypes/subtypes, a thorough assessment of virulence and induction of adaptive immunity in the natural host is required in each case in order to finely adjust the degree of deoptimization required for attenuation without affecting the induction of protective adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisselle N Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Edward Spinard
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Paul A Azzinaro
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Monica Rodriguez-Calzada
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
- ORISE-PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Joseph Gutkoska
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Anna Kloc
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rieder
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fayna Diaz-San Segundo
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
- National Institute of Health, NIAID, DMID, OBRRTR, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Santarpia JL, Klug E, Ravnholdt A, Kinahan SM. Environmental sampling for disease surveillance: Recent advances and recommendations for best practice. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2023; 73:434-461. [PMID: 37224401 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2197825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The study of infectious diseases includes both the progression of the disease in its host and how it transmits between hosts. Understanding disease transmission is important for recommending effective interventions, protecting healthcare workers, and informing an effective public health response. Sampling the environment for infectious diseases is critical to public health since it can provide an understanding of the mechanisms of transmission, characterization of contamination in hospitals and other public areas, and the spread of a disease within a community. Measurements of biological aerosols, particularly those that may cause disease, have been an ongoing topic of research for decades, and so a wide variety of technological solutions exist. This wide field of possibilities can create confusion, particularly when different approaches yield different answers. Therefore, guidelines for best practice in this area are important to allow more effective use of this data in public health decisions. This review examines air, surface and water/wastewater sampling methods, with a focus on aerosol sampling, and a goal of recommending approaches to designing and implementing sampling systems that may incorporate multiple strategies. This is accomplished by developing a framework for designing and evaluating a sampling strategy, reviewing current practices and emerging technologies for sampling and analysis, and recommending guidelines for best practice in the area of aerosol sampling for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Santarpia
- The Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- National Strategic Research Institute, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth Klug
- The Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ashley Ravnholdt
- The Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sean M Kinahan
- The Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- National Strategic Research Institute, Omaha, NE, USA
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Kim DW, Cho G, Kim H, Lee G, Lim TG, Kwak HY, Park JH, Park SH. Immunogenicity and Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine Intradermally Vaccinated with a Bivalent Vaccine of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O and A. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040815. [PMID: 37112726 PMCID: PMC10142530 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the worst outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals caused by the FMD virus, from November 2010-April 2011, the Korean government enforced a mandatory vaccination policy. A bivalent (FMD type O and A; O + A) vaccine has been recently implemented. Although the FMD outbreak was suppressed by vaccination, the intramuscular (IM) injection presents side effects. Therefore, improving FMD vaccine quality is necessary. Here, we investigated the side effects and immune efficacy of the O + A bivalent vaccine using two different routes of administration: intradermal (ID) and IM. To compare the immune efficacy of the two inoculation routes, virus neutralization titers and structural protein (antigen) levels were measured. The protective efficacy of ID vaccines was confirmed using two viruses (FMDV O/AS/SKR/2019 and A/GP/SKR/2018) isolated in the Republic of Korea. Serological analysis revealed that both animals administered by ID and IM injections exhibited equal immune efficacy. A virus challenge test in the target animal (swine) revealed no (or extremely low) clinical symptoms. Swine in the ID injected group exhibited no side effects. In conclusion, we suggest that the ID route of vaccination is an effective alternative to the existing IM route, which is associated with more frequent side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoun Cho
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gwan Lim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kwak
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
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Wang R, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu R, Liu Y. Synergetic interaction of capsid proteins for virus-like particles assembly of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype O) from the inclusion bodies. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 204:106231. [PMID: 36623711 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant virus-like particles (VLP) with single capsid protein have been successfully produced through prokaryotic system, but for those with multiple capsid proteins such as the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), this approach is more challenging. In this study, in vitro assembly of FMDV VLP was investigated with its capsids VP1, VP2 and VP3 separately expressed as inclusion bodies. After extraction and solubilization, three capsids were purified in denatured state through a flow-through model, increasing its purity to 90%. VLP assembly for FMDV was observed after diluting the mixture of denatured capsids in the ration of 1: 1: 1, while no VLP appeared if the separately diluted and refolded capsids were co-incubated. This result suggests certain synergetic interactions exist among the three capsids, which are crucial for FMDV VLP assembly. Sodium chloride and capsid protein concentration both greatly affect the assembling efficiency. After purification through size exclusion chromatography, VLP with similar diameter and morphology as inactivated FMDV were obtained, which elicited high IgG titers and B cell activation when vaccinated in mouse. It could also induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in splenocytes proliferative experiments. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of in vitro assembling FMDV VLP from inclusion bodies of VP1, VP2 and VP3 for the first time.
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Li Q, Wubshet AK, Wang Y, Heath L, Zhang J. B and T Cell Epitopes of the Incursionary Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT2 for Vaccine Development. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030797. [PMID: 36992505 PMCID: PMC10059872 DOI: 10.3390/v15030797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of cross-protection among interserotypes and intratypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a big threat to endemic countries and their prevention and control strategies. However, insights into practices relating to the development of a multi-epitope vaccine appear as a best alternative approach to alleviate the cross-protection-associated problems. In order to facilitate the development of such a vaccine design approach, identification and prediction of the antigenic B and T cell epitopes along with determining the level of immunogenicity are essential bioinformatics steps. These steps are well applied in Eurasian serotypes, but very rare in South African Territories (SAT) Types, particularly in serotype SAT2. For this reason, the available scattered immunogenic information on SAT2 epitopes needs to be organized and clearly understood. Therefore, in this review, we compiled relevant bioinformatic reports about B and T cell epitopes of the incursionary SAT2 FMDV and the promising experimental demonstrations of such designed and developed vaccines against this serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/WOAH Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/WOAH Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Department of Veterinary Basics and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle 2084, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/WOAH Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Livio Heath
- Transboundary Animal Diseases: Vaccine Production Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Begovoeva M, Ehizibolo DO, Adedeji AJ, Oguche MO, Oyekan O, Ijoma SI, Atai RB, Wungak Y, Dogonyaro BB, Lazarus DD, Samson M, Ularamu H, Muhammad M, Rosso F, Sumption KJ, Beard PM, Ludi AB, Stevens KB, Limon G. Factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease seroprevalence in small ruminants and identification of hot-spot areas in northern Nigeria. Prev Vet Med 2023; 212:105842. [PMID: 36706557 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many small ruminants infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remain asymptomatic, with the capacity to promote silent viral spread within domestic and wildlife species. However, little is known about the epidemiological role played by small ruminants in FMD. In particular, there are few studies that examine FMD seroprevalence, spatial patterns and risk factors for exposure in small ruminants. A cross-sectional study was conducted in northern Nigeria (Bauchi, Kaduna, and Plateau States) to determine the true seroprevalence of FMD in backyard small ruminants, identify factors associated with FMD seroconversion at animal and household levels, and identify spatial patterns for FMD virus exposure. Data on animal (n = 1800) and household (n = 300) characteristics were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Sera samples from 1800 small ruminants were tested for antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMD virus. True seroprevalence was estimated stochastically to account for variability and uncertainty in the test sensitivity and specificity previously reported. Risk factors for FMD seropositivity were identified at animal and household levels and spatial patterns were determined. The overall true seroprevalence for FMD virus, in the small ruminant population tested, was estimated to be 10.2 % (95 % Credible Interval (CrI) 0.0-19.0), while State-level estimates were 17.3 % (95 % CrI 0.0-25.8) for Kaduna, 6.9 % (95% CrI 0.0-15.8) for Bauchi, and 3.6 % (95 % CrI 0.0-12.6) for Plateau. State and species were the main risk factors identified at animal level, with interaction detected between them. Compared to goats in Plateau, the odds of testing positive were higher for goats in Bauchi (Odds Ratio (OR)= 1.83, 95 % CI 1.13-2.97, p = 0.01) and Kaduna (OR=2.97, 95 % CI 1.89-4.67, p < 0.001), as well as for sheep in Plateau (OR=3.78, 95 % CI 2.08-6.87, p < 0.001), Bauchi (OR=1.61, 95 % CI 0.91-2.84, p = 0.10), and Kaduna (OR=3.11, 95 % CI 1.61-6.01, p = 0.001). Households located in Kaduna were more likely to have a higher number of seropositive SR compared to those in Plateau (Prevalence Ratio (PR)= 1.75, 95 % CI 1.30-2.36, p < 0.001), and households keeping sheep flocks were more likely to be seropositive (from 1 to 10 sheep: PR=1.39, 95 % CI 1.05-1.82, p = 0.02; more than 10 sheep: PR=1.55, 95 % CI 1.12-2.15, p = 0.008) compared to those that did not keep sheep. A hot-spot was detected in Kaduna, and a cold-spot in Plateau. These results reveal that small ruminants had been recently exposed to FMD virus with spatial heterogeneity across the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Begovoeva
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK; European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, 00153, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino, 10154, Italy.
| | - David O Ehizibolo
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Moses O Oguche
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Olumuyiwa Oyekan
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Sandra I Ijoma
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Rebecca B Atai
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Yiltawe Wungak
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | | | - David D Lazarus
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Mark Samson
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Hussaini Ularamu
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Maryam Muhammad
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Fabrizio Rosso
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, 00153, Italy.
| | - Keith J Sumption
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, 00153, Italy.
| | - Philippa M Beard
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK; School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Anna B Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Kim B Stevens
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Georgina Limon
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
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Sarry M, Caignard G, Dupré J, Zientara S, Vitour D, Bakkali Kassimi L, Blaise-Boisseau S. Host-Specific Interplay between Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3D Polymerase and the Type-I Interferon Pathway. Viruses 2023; 15:666. [PMID: 36992375 PMCID: PMC10054395 DOI: 10.3390/v15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. One of the issues related to this disease is the persistence of its causative agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). While the mechanisms of FMDV persistence remain unclear, there are clues that it may be related to protein-protein interactions (PPI) between viral proteins and cellular proteins involved in the interferon (IFN) response. Since FMDV persistence has been described in cattle, sheep and goats but not in swine, we screened PPI involving FMDV proteins and sixteen major type-I IFN pathway proteins from these four species by nanoluciferase-2-hybrid complementation assay, in order to identify new PPI and determine their host specificity. As the results concerning the 3Dpol were the most interesting in view of the limited data concerning its role in immune escape, we decided to focus particularly on this protein. The identified PPI were confirmed by GST pull-down. We identified PPI between 3Dpol and seven IFN pathway proteins, namely, IKKα, IKKε, IRF3, IRF7, NEMO, MDA5 and MAVS. These PPI are conserved among the four studied species, with the exception of the one between 3Dpol and MAVS, which was only found with the swine protein. We also showed, using luciferase reporter assays, that 3Dpol could inhibit the induction phase of the IFN pathway. These results demonstrate, for the first time, a putative role for 3Dpol in FMDV innate immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sarry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
- AgroParistech, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Grégory Caignard
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Juliette Dupré
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Stephan Zientara
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Damien Vitour
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Sandra Blaise-Boisseau
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
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Nikiforov V, Shcherbakov A, Chvala I, Kremenchugskaya S, Korennoy F, Mayorova T, Timina A, Tyulegenov S, Abdrakhmanov S, Berdikulov M, Sainnokhoi T, Gombo-Ochir D, Tserenchimed T, Prokhvatilova L, Sprygin A. Insights into the Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia in Terms of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Sublineage Expansion. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030598. [PMID: 36992307 PMCID: PMC10056362 DOI: 10.3390/v15030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has long been recognized as a highly contagious, transboundary disease of livestock incurring substantial losses and burdens to animal production and trade across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Due to the recent emergence of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage globally contributing to the expansion of FMD, molecular epidemiological investigations help in tracing the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) across endemic and newly affected regions. In this work, our phylogenetic analysis reveals that the recent FMDV incursions in Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in 2021–2022 were due to the virus belonging to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e sublineage, belonging to the cluster from Cambodian FMDV isolates. The studied isolates varied by 1.0–4.0% at the VP1 nucleotide level. Vaccine matching tests indicated that the vaccination policy in the subregion should be tailored according to the peculiarities of the ongoing epidemiologic situation. The current vaccination should change from such vaccine strains as O1 Manisa (ME–SA), O no 2102/Zabaikalsky/2010 (O/ME-SA/Mya-98) (r1 = 0.05–0.28) to strains that most closely antigenically match the dominant lineage O No. 2212/Primorsky/2014 (O O/ME-SA//Mya-98) and O No. 2311/Zabaikalsky/2016 (O ME-SA/Ind-2001) (r1 = 0.66–1.0).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilya Chvala
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | | | - Fedor Korennoy
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | | | - Anna Timina
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | - Samat Tyulegenov
- S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Sprygin
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir 600901, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Puckette M, Clark BA, Barrera J, Neilan JG, Rasmussen MV. Evaluation of DNA Vaccine Candidates against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11. [PMID: 36851264 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated four DNA vaccine candidates for their ability to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) and elicit a protective immune response against Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle. Two traditional DNA plasmids and two DNA minicircle constructs were evaluated. Both the pTarget O1P1-3C plasmid and O1P1-3C minicircle encoded a wild-type FMDV 3C protease to process the P1-2A polypeptide, whereas the O1P1-HIV-3CT minicircle used an HIV-1 ribosomal frameshift to down-regulate expression of a mutant 3C protease. A modified pTarget plasmid with a reduced backbone size, mpTarget O1P1-3CLT, used a 3C protease containing two mutations reported to enhance expression. All constructs produced mature FMDV P1 cleavage products in transfected cells, as seen by western blot analysis. Three constructs, O1P1-3C minicircles, pTarget O1P1-3C, and mpTarget O1P1-3CLT plasmids, produced intracellular VLP crystalline arrays detected by electron microscopy. Despite VLP formation in vitro, none of the DNA vaccine candidates elicited protection from clinical disease when administered independently. Administration of pTarget O1P1-3C plasmid enhanced neutralizing antibody titers when used as a priming dose prior to administration of a conditionally licensed adenovirus-vectored FMD vaccine. Further work is needed to develop these DNA plasmid-based constructs into standalone FMD vaccines in cattle.
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Tang H, Wang H, Yang L, Chen H, Kong L, Xin X. Immunogenicity analysis of the E. coli expressed structural protein VP1 of persistent infection foot-and-mouth disease virus. Virology 2023; 579:111-8. [PMID: 36634474 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The persistent infection of FMDV in cloven hoofed animals has made the epidemic prevention and control more difficult. VP1 is the main immunogenic protein and first candidate of vaccine development for FMDV prevention. However, the mutation of VP1 in host cell with persistent infection FMDV (PI-FMDV) caused the change of its immunogenicity. Hence, it is imperative to establish the expression system for VP1 of PI-FMDV (PI-VP1) and re-evaluate its immunogenicity. In this study, the PI-VP1 with His-tag was cloned into pET-28a vector. PI-VP1 protein was expressed and purified in E. coli, and further the antiserum of immunized mice was analyzed. Results showed that purified PI-VP1 protein produced a good humoral and cellular immune response after immunizing mice. Furthermore, our study showed that the antiserum could not only neutralize PI-FMDV, but also prevent the adsorption of WT-FMDV. In summarize, our work provides valuable implications for the FMDV vaccines and therapeutics development.
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Zhang Z, Zhang R, Yin J, Zhao S, Qin X, Chen F, Yang Y, Bai L, Guo Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Zhang Z. Antiviral Effect of Manganese against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Both in PK15 Cells and Mice. Viruses 2023; 15. [PMID: 36851604 DOI: 10.3390/v15020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, pigs, and sheep. Current emergency FMD vaccines are of limited use for early protection because their protective effect starts 7 days after vaccination. Therefore, antiviral drugs or additives are used to rapidly stop the spread of the virus during FMD outbreaks. Manganese (Mn2+) was recently found to be an important substance necessary for the host to protect against DNA viruses. However, its antiviral effect against RNA viruses remains unknown. In this study, we found that Mn2+ has antiviral effects on the FMD virus (FMDV) both in PK15 cells and mice. The inhibitory effect of Mn2+ on FMDV involves NF-κB activation and up-regulation of interferon-stimulated genes. Animal experiments showed that Mn2+ can be highly effective in protecting C57BL/6N mice from being infected with FMDV. Overall, we suggest Mn2+ as an effective antiviral additive for controlling FMDV infection.
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Zhang J, Ge J, Li J, Li J, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Sun J, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhao X. Expression of FMD virus-like particles in yeast Hansenula polymorpha and immunogenicity of combine with CpG and aluminum adjuvant. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e15. [PMID: 36726280 PMCID: PMC9899949 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivated vaccines are limited in preventing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) due to safety problems. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are an excellent candidate for a novel vaccine for preventing FMD, given that VLPs have similar immunogenicity as natural viruses and are replication- and infection-incompetent. OBJECTIVES The 3C protease and P1 polyprotein of type O FMD virus (FDMV) was expressed in yeast Hansenula polymorpha to generate self-resembling VLPs, and the potential of recombinant VLPs as an FMD vaccine was evaluated. METHODS BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant purified VLPs using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and aluminum hydroxide gel as an adjuvant. Cytokines and lymphocytes from serum and spleen were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and flow cytometry. RESULTS The VLPs of FMD were purified successfully from yeast protein with a diameter of approximately 25 nm. The immunization of mice showed that animals produced high levels of FMDV antibodies and a higher level of antibodies for a longer time. In addition, higher levels of interferon-γ and CD4+ T cells were observed in mice immunized with VLPs. CONCLUSIONS The expression of VLPs of FMD in H. polymorpha provides a novel strategy for the generation of the FMDV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Juyin Li
- Jiangsu Argi-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yinghui Shi
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jiaojiao Sun
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qiongjin Wang
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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de Sousa Lacerda CM, Almeida NBF, Dos Santos VCF, Plentz F, de Andrade ASR. Foot-and-mouth disease virus: DNA aptamer selection for the 3ABC protein. Virus Res 2023; 323:199008. [PMID: 36414190 PMCID: PMC10194325 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating livestock disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family. The 3ABC is a non-structural protein of FMDV, produced during viral replication and absent from inactivated FMD vaccines. Nucleic acid aptamers are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides capable of binding with high specificity and affinity to a molecular target. The aim of this study was to obtain DNA aptamers specific for 3ABC protein with a view of their application in the FMD diagnosis. Aptamers are usually obtained through SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) procedure. In this study, an aptamer (termed FMDV1) was selected by a variation of this technique called Capillary Electrophoresis SELEX (CE-SELEX). The FMDV1 aptamer showed high binding affinity to the 3ABC protein with Kd value in the nano molar range: 22.69 ± 1.79 nM. The FMDV1 aptamer binding to 3ABC was significantly higher when compared with the BSA protein, used as control, demonstrating its specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Maria de Sousa Lacerda
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brasil; MedicOnChip, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte-BH-TEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nathalie Bonatti Franco Almeida
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brasil; MedicOnChip, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte-BH-TEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Viviane Cristina Fernandes Dos Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brasil; MedicOnChip, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte-BH-TEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Flávio Plentz
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil; MedicOnChip, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte-BH-TEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Hagag NM, Hassan AM, Zaher MR, Elnomrosy SM, Shemies OA, Hussein HA, Ahmed ES, Ali MH, Ateay M, Abdel-Hakim MA, Habashi AR, Eid S, El Zowalaty ME, Shahein MA. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of newly emerging foot-and-mouth disease virus type A, Lineage EURO-SA in Egypt in 2022. Virus Res 2023; 323:198960. [PMID: 36209919 PMCID: PMC10194312 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A newly emerging and exotic foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) caused a recent outbreak of serotype A in Egypt in 2022, which affected cattle and water buffalo. Previous phylogenetic studies on FMDV circulating in Egypt have mainly focused on genomic regions encoding the structural proteins which determine FMDV serotype. No study has yet determined structural proteins sequences of the newly emerging Europe-South America (EURO-SA) lineage which was recently isolated from Egypt during a routine surveillance in 2022. The objective of the current study was to analyze the structural proteins of the Venezuelan type which belongs to EURO-SA. The new isolate was related to serotype A lineage Euro-South America. Phylogentic analyses have reveled that the newly isolated lineage samples were closely related to reported sequences that have been identified in Venzuela and Colombia. Analysis of structural protein sequences revealed the recent isolates belong to prototype strain A24 Cruzeiro. Notably, nucleotide sequences of the Egyptian isolate was related to Venezuelan, Brazilian, and Colombian strains with identity not exceeding 90%. The divergence which appears in the genetic identity of the Egyptian A/EURO-SA lineage from other related strains may be attributed to the absence of Euro-SA lineage sequence from Egypt. The present study is the first report on the detection of EURO-SA lineage in Egypt. The recent detection of the EURO-SA lineage samples may be explained due to imported animals from Colombia or Brazil which share geographical borders with Venezuela. The findings of the present study highlight the significance of continuous monitoring of FMDV in Egypt for newly emerging FMDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M Hagag
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Ayah M Hassan
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mostafa R Zaher
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Sara M Elnomrosy
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Shemies
- Virology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza 12618 , Egypt
| | - Heba A Hussein
- Virology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza 12618 , Egypt
| | - Eman S Ahmed
- Virology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza 12618 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Ali
- Virology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza 12618 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ateay
- General Organization For Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed R Habashi
- Virus Strain Bank, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Samah Eid
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Veterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, UAE.
| | - Momtaz A Shahein
- Virology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza 12618 , Egypt
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