1
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Zhang Y, Li X, Yu Q, Lv X, Li C, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang Q, Yang Z, Fu X, Xiao R. Using network pharmacology to discover potential drugs for hypertrophic scars. Br J Dermatol 2024; 191:592-604. [PMID: 38820210 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scarring is a disease of abnormal skin fibrosis caused by excessive fibroblast proliferation. Existing drugs have not achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVES To explore the molecular pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars and screen effective drugs for their treatment. METHODS Existing human hypertrophic scar RNA sequencing data were utilized to search for hypertrophic scar-related gene modules and key genes through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Candidate compounds were screened in a compound library. Potential drugs were screened by molecular docking and verified in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and a mouse mechanical force hypertrophic scar model. RESULTS WGCNA showed that hypertrophic scar-associated gene modules influence focal adhesion, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathway and other biologic pathways. Integrin β1 (ITGB1) is the hub protein. Among the candidate compounds obtained by computer virtual screening and molecular docking, crizotinib, sorafenib and SU11274 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and profibrotic gene expression. Crizotinib had the best effect on hypertrophic scar attenuation in mouse models. At the same time, mouse ITGB1 small interfering RNA can also inhibit mouse scar hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS ITGB1 and TGF-β signalling pathways are important for hypertrophic scar formation. Crizotinib could be a potential treatment drug for hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Li
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lianzhao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Fu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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2
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Zhevlakova I, Xiong L, Liu H, Dudiki T, Ciocea A, Podrez E, Byzova TV. Opposite roles of Kindlin orthologs in cell survival and proliferation. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13280. [PMID: 35860876 PMCID: PMC9436913 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear why adhesion-dependent cells such as epithelium undergo anoikis without anchorage, while adhesion-independent blood cells thrive in suspension. The adhesive machinery of these cells is similar, with the exception of Kindlin orthologs, Kindlin 2 (K2) and Kindlin 3 (K3). Here we address how Kindlins control cell survival and proliferation in anchorage-dependent and independent cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS To demonstrate the opposite roles of Kindlin's in cell survival we utilized in vivo and in vitro models and K3 and K2 knockdown and knockin cells. We used human lymphocytes from the K3 deficient patients in tumour model, K3 knockout and knockin macrophages and K2 knockout and knockin MEF cells for experiments in under conditions of adhesion and in suspension. RESULTS Depletion of K3 promotes cell proliferation and survival of anchorage-independent cells regardless of cell attachment. In contrast, the absence of K2 in anchorage-dependent cells accelerates apoptosis and limits proliferation. K3 deficiency promotes human lymphoma growth and survival in vivo. Kindlins' interaction with paxillin, is critical for their differential roles in cell anchorage. While disruption of K2-paxillin binding leads to increased apoptosis, the lack of K3-paxillin binding has an opposite effect in adhesion-independent cells. CONCLUSION Kindlin ortologs and their interaction to cytoskeletal protein paxillin define the mechanisms of anchorage dependence. Our study identifies the key elements of the cell adhesion machinery in cell survival and tumour metastasis, proposing possible targets for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zhevlakova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luyang Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tejasvi Dudiki
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alieta Ciocea
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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3
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Kim EJY, Sorokin L, Hiiragi T. ECM-integrin signalling instructs cellular position-sensing to pattern the early mouse embryo. Development 2021; 149:273721. [PMID: 34908109 PMCID: PMC8881741 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Development entails patterned emergence of diverse cell types within the embryo. In mammals, cells positioned inside the embryo give rise to the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually forms the embryo itself. Yet, the molecular basis of how these cells recognise their ‘inside’ position to instruct their fate is unknown. Here, we show that provision of extracellular matrix (ECM) to isolated embryonic cells induces ICM specification and alters the subsequent spatial arrangement between epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE) cells that emerge within the ICM. Notably, this effect is dependent on integrin β1 activity and involves apical-to-basal conversion of cell polarity. We demonstrate that ECM-integrin activity is sufficient for ‘inside’ positional signalling and is required for correct EPI/PrE patterning. Thus, our findings highlight the significance of ECM-integrin adhesion in enabling position sensing by cells to achieve tissue patterning. Summary: The importance of patterned cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in early mouse development: ECM signals can modulate both cell fate and the relative spatial arrangement between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jeong Yoon Kim
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Gross SJ, Webb AM, Peterlin AD, Durrant JR, Judson RJ, Raza Q, Kitajewski JK, Kushner EJ. Notch regulates vascular collagen IV basement membrane through modulation of lysyl hydroxylase 3 trafficking. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:789-805. [PMID: 33956260 PMCID: PMC8487879 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type IV (Col IV) is a basement membrane protein associated with early blood vessel morphogenesis and is essential for blood vessel stability. Defects in vascular Col IV deposition are the basis of heritable disorders, such as small vessel disease, marked by cerebral hemorrhage and drastically shorten lifespan. To date, little is known about how endothelial cells regulate the intracellular transport and selective secretion of Col IV in response to angiogenic cues, leaving a void in our understanding of this critical process. Our aim was to identify trafficking pathways that regulate Col IV deposition during angiogenic blood vessel development. We have identified the GTPase Rab10 as a major regulator of Col IV vesicular trafficking during vascular development using both in vitro imaging and biochemistry as well as in vivo models. Knockdown of Rab10 reduced de novo Col IV secretion in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we determined that Rab10 is an indirect mediator of Col IV secretion, partnering with atypical Rab25 to deliver the enzyme lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) to Col IV-containing vesicles staged for secretion. Loss of Rab10 or Rab25 results in depletion of LH3 from Col IV-containing vesicles and rapid lysosomal degradation of Col IV. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rab10 is Notch responsive, indicating a novel connection between permissive Notch-based vessel maturation programs and vesicle trafficking. Our results illustrate both a new trafficking-based component in the regulated secretion of Col IV and how this vesicle trafficking program interfaces with Notch signaling to fine-tune basement membrane secretion during blood vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Amelia M Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Alek D Peterlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | | | - Rachel J Judson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Qanber Raza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
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5
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Greenbaum H, Galper BEL, Decter DH, Eisenberg VH. Endometriosis and autoimmunity: Can autoantibodies be used as a non-invasive early diagnostic tool? Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Molè MA, Weberling A, Fässler R, Campbell A, Fishel S, Zernicka-Goetz M. Integrin β1 coordinates survival and morphogenesis of the embryonic lineage upon implantation and pluripotency transition. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108834. [PMID: 33691117 PMCID: PMC7966855 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At implantation, the embryo establishes contacts with the maternal endometrium. This stage is associated with a high incidence of preclinical pregnancy losses. While the maternal factors underlying uterine receptivity have been investigated, the signals required by the embryo for successful peri-implantation development remain elusive. To explore these, we studied integrin β1 signaling, as embryos deficient for this receptor degenerate at implantation. We demonstrate that the coordinated action of pro-survival signals and localized actomyosin suppression via integrin β1 permits the development of the embryo beyond implantation. Failure of either process leads to developmental arrest and apoptosis. Pharmacological stimulation through fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), coupled with ROCK-mediated actomyosin inhibition, rescues the deficiency of integrin β1, promoting progression to post-implantation stages. Mutual exclusion between integrin β1 and actomyosin seems to be conserved in the human embryo, suggesting the possibility that these mechanisms could also underlie the transition of the human epiblast from pre- to post-implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Amitaba Molè
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Antonia Weberling
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alison Campbell
- CARE Fertility Group, John Webster House, 6 Lawrence Drive, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham NG8 6PZ, UK
| | - Simon Fishel
- CARE Fertility Group, John Webster House, 6 Lawrence Drive, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham NG8 6PZ, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Plasticity and Self-Organization Group, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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7
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EPB41L5 controls podocyte extracellular matrix assembly by adhesome-dependent force transmission. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108883. [PMID: 33761352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the kidney filtration barrier essentially relies on the balanced interplay of podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Here, we show by analysis of in vitro and in vivo models that a loss of the podocyte-specific FERM-domain protein EPB41L5 results in impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. By using quantitative proteomics analysis of the secretome and matrisome, we demonstrate a shift in ECM composition characterized by diminished deposition of core GBM components, such as LAMA5. Integrin adhesome proteomics reveals that EPB41L5 recruits PDLIM5 and ACTN4 to integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). Consecutively, EPB41L5 knockout podocytes show insufficient maturation of integrin adhesion sites, which translates into impaired force transmission and ECM assembly. These observations build the framework for a model in which EPB41L5 functions as a cell-type-specific regulator of the podocyte adhesome and controls a localized adaptive module in order to prevent podocyte detachment and thereby ensures GBM integrity.
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8
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Dhavalikar P, Robinson A, Lan Z, Jenkins D, Chwatko M, Salhadar K, Jose A, Kar R, Shoga E, Kannapiran A, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Review of Integrin-Targeting Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000795. [PMID: 32940020 PMCID: PMC7960574 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to direct cell behavior has been central to the success of numerous therapeutics to regenerate tissue or facilitate device integration. Biomaterial scientists are challenged to understand and modulate the interactions of biomaterials with biological systems in order to achieve effective tissue repair. One key area of research investigates the use of extracellular matrix-derived ligands to target specific integrin interactions and induce cellular responses, such as increased cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. These integrin-targeting proteins and peptides have been implemented in a variety of different polymeric scaffolds and devices to enhance tissue regeneration and integration. This review first presents an overview of integrin-mediated cellular processes that have been identified in angiogenesis, wound healing, and bone regeneration. Then, research utilizing biomaterials are highlighted with integrin-targeting motifs as a means to direct these cellular processes to enhance tissue regeneration. In addition to providing improved materials for tissue repair and device integration, these innovative biomaterials provide new tools to probe the complex processes of tissue remodeling in order to enhance the rational design of biomaterial scaffolds and guide tissue regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Dhavalikar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrew Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ziyang Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Dana Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Malgorzata Chwatko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Karim Salhadar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Anupriya Jose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ronit Kar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Erik Shoga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aparajith Kannapiran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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9
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Shin Y, Moriya A, Tohnishi Y, Watanabe T, Imamura Y. Basement membrane-like structures containing NTH α1(IV) are formed around the endothelial cell network in a novel in vitro angiogenesis model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C314-C325. [PMID: 31188637 PMCID: PMC6732425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00353.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process through which new blood vessels are formed by sprouting and elongating from existing blood vessels. Several methods have been used to replicate angiogenesis in vitro, including culturing vascular endothelial cells on Matrigel and coculturing with endothelial cells and fibroblasts. However, the angiogenesis elongation process has not been completely clarified in these models. We therefore propose a new in vitro model of angiogenesis, suitable for observing vascular elongation, by seeding a spheroid cocultured from endothelial cells and fibroblasts into a culture dish. In this model, endothelial cells formed tubular networks elongated from the spheroid with a lumen structure and were connected with tight junctions. A basement membrane (BM)-like structure was observed around the tubular network, similarly to blood vessels in vivo. These results suggested that blood vessel-like structure could be reconstituted in our model. Laminin and type IV collagen, main BM components, were highly localized around the network, along with nontriple helical form of type IV collagen α1-chain [NTH α1(IV)]. In an ascorbic acid-depleted condition, laminin and NTH α1(IV) were observed around the network but not the triple-helical form of type IV collagen and the network was unstable. These results suggest that laminin and NTH α1(IV) are involved in the formation of tubular network and type IV collagen is necessary to stabilize the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchol Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Akane Moriya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Yuta Tohnishi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yasutada Imamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Japan
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10
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Iwanaga T, Nio-Kobayashi J, Takahashi-Iwanaga H. Bush-like integrin filament networks associated with hyaloid vasculature in murine neonate eyes. Biomed Res 2019; 40:79-85. [PMID: 30982803 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The vitreous of perinatal mice temporarily develops a unique vascular system, called the vasa hyaloidea propria (VHP). Observations showed the vessels possessed an extracellular matrix including the basement membrane in their entire length. Immunostaining of whole mount preparations of VHP with integrin β1 antibody displayed a bush-like network consisting of long and straight fibers which were associated with the VHP but extended apart from the blood vessels. Electron microscopically, each fiber was composed of a bundle of thin filaments different from collagen fibrils. Macrophages associated with the VHP appeared to be arrested by the integrin bushes. The integrin bushes fragmented and disappeared by postnatal day 10, just before the regression of the VHP. Macrophages were involved in the digestion and clearance of integrin bushes. The vitreous integrin bushes appear to provide a scaffold for architectural maintenance of the hyaloid vessels and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiromi Takahashi-Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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11
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Kallas-Kivi A, Trei A, Stepanjuk A, Ruisu K, Kask K, Pooga M, Maimets T. The role of integrin β1 in the heterogeneity of human embryonic stem cells culture. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/11/bio034355. [PMID: 30385434 PMCID: PMC6262870 DOI: 10.1242/bio.034355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the pluripotency of human embryonic stem (hES) cells requires special conditions for culturing. These conditions include specific growth factors containing media and extracellular matrix (ECM) or an appropriate substrate for adhesion. Interactions between the cells and ECM are mediated by integrins, which interact with the components of ECM in active conformation. This study focused on the characterisation of the role of integrin β1 in the adhesion, migration and differentiation of hES cells. Blocking integrin β1 abolished the adhesion of hES cells, decreasing their survival and pluripotency. This effect was in part rescued by the inhibition of RhoA signalling with Y-27632. The presence of Y-27632 increased the migration of hES cells and supported their differentiation into embryoid bodies. The differences in integrin β1 recycling in the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain and in the localisation of TSC2 were observed between the hES cells growing as a single-cell culture and in a colony. The hES cells at the centre and borders of the colony were found to have differences in their morphology, migration and signalling network activity. We concluded that the availability of integrin β1 was essential for the contraction, migration and differentiation ability of hES cells. Summary: The interaction between integrin β1 and the extracellular matrix differs at the centre of the colony and at the periphery, and is crucial for the survival of embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ade Kallas-Kivi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Trei
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Artjom Stepanjuk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Ruisu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Keiu Kask
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Kiyozumi D, Taniguchi Y, Nakano I, Toga J, Yagi E, Hasuwa H, Ikawa M, Sekiguchi K. Laminin γ1 C-terminal Glu to Gln mutation induces early postimplantation lethality. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800064. [PMID: 30456378 PMCID: PMC6238537 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryos with an ablated ability of integrins to bind laminins are still able to form basement membranes, but die just after implantation because of deficient extraembryonic development. Laminin–integrin interactions regulate various adhesion-dependent cellular processes. γ1C-Glu, the Glu residue in the laminin γ1 chain C-terminal tail, is crucial for the binding of γ1-laminins to several integrin isoforms. Here, we investigated the impact of γ1C Glu to Gln mutation on γ1-laminin binding to all possible integrin partners in vitro, and found that the mutation specifically ablated binding to α3, α6, and α7 integrins. To examine the physiological significance of γ1C-Glu, we generated a knock-in allele, Lamc1EQ, in which the γ1C Glu to Gln mutation was introduced. Although Lamc1EQ/EQ homozygotes developed into blastocysts and deposited laminins in their basement membranes, they died just after implantation because of disordered extraembryonic development. Given the impact of the Lamc1EQ allele on embryonic development, we developed a knock-in mouse strain enabling on-demand introduction of the γ1C Glu to Gln mutation by the Cre-loxP system. The present study has revealed a crucial role of γ1C-Glu–mediated integrin binding in postimplantation development and provides useful animal models for investigating the physiological roles of laminin–integrin interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itsuko Nakano
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Toga
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Yagi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hasuwa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Longmate WM, Lyons SP, DeFreest L, Van De Water L, DiPersio CM. Opposing Roles of Epidermal Integrins α3β1 and α9β1 in Regulation of mTLD/BMP-1-Mediated Laminin-γ2 Processing during Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:444-451. [PMID: 28923241 PMCID: PMC5794664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic processing of the laminin-γ2 chain is a hallmark of basement membrane maturation in the skin. Integrin α3β1, a major receptor for epidermal adhesion to laminin-332, is critical for proper basement membrane organization during skin development and wound healing. Previously, we identified a role for α3β1 in promoting the processing of laminin-γ2 in cultured keratinocytes in vitro and in wound epidermis in vivo. In this study we identify the Bmp1 gene, which encodes variants of the mTLD/BMP-1 metalloproteases, as a critical regulator of α3β1-dependent laminin-γ2 processing, thereby expanding the role of this integrin in controlling the secretion by the epidermis of factors that modulate the tissue microenvironment. Because our previous studies identified another epidermal integrin, α9β1, as a suppressive regulator of α3β1-dependent wound angiogenesis, we investigated whether α9β1 has a similar cross-suppressive effect on the ability of α3β1 to promote basement membrane organization. Here, we show that, rather than a cross-suppressive role, α9β1 has an opposing role in basement membrane assembly/maturation through reduced laminin-γ2 processing via mTLD/BMP-1. Although α3β1 promotes this process during wound healing, α9β1 has an inhibitory role, suggesting that regulation of basement membrane assembly requires a complex interplay between these distinct epidermal integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Longmate
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Scott P Lyons
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lori DeFreest
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Livingston Van De Water
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - C Michael DiPersio
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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14
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Samuelsson AR, Belvindrah R, Wu C, Müller U, Halfter W. β1-Integrin Signaling is Essential for Lens Fiber Survival. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117762500700100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins have been proposed to play a major role in lens morphogenesis. To determine the role of β1-integrin and its down-stream signaling partner, integrin linked kinase (ILK), in lens morphogenesis, eyes of WT mice and mice with a nestin-linked conditional knockout of β1-integrin or ILK were analyzed for defects in lens development. Mice, lacking the genes encoding the p1-integrin subunit ( Itgb1) or ILK ( Ilk), showed a perinatal degeneration of the lens. Early signs of lens degeneration included vacuolization, random distribution of lens cell nuclei, disrupted fiber morphology and attenuation and separation of the lens capsule. The phenotype became progressively more severe during the first postnatal week eventually leading to the complete loss of the lens. A more severe phenotype was observed in ILK mutants at similar stages. Eyes from embryonic day 13 β1-integrin-mutant embryos showed no obvious signs of lens degeneration, indicating that mutant lens develops normally until peri-recombination. Our findings suggest that β1-integrins and ILK cooperate to control lens cell survival and link lens fibers to the surrounding extracellular matrix. The assembly and integrity of the lens capsule also appears to be reliant on integrin signaling within lens fibers. Extrapolation of these results indicates a novel role of integrins in lens cell-cell adhesions as well as a potential role in the pathogenesis of congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Samuelsson
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 1402 E Biological Science Tower, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Richard Belvindrah
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Childhood and Neglected Disease, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, 707 Scaife Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Uli Müller
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Childhood and Neglected Disease, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Willi Halfter
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 1402 E Biological Science Tower, Pittsburgh PA 15261
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15
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Feng Q, Bonder EM, Engevik AC, Zhang L, Tyska MJ, Goldenring JR, Gao N. Disruption of Rab8a and Rab11a causes formation of basolateral microvilli in neonatal enteropathy. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2491-2505. [PMID: 28596241 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.201897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Misplaced formation of microvilli to basolateral domains and intracellular inclusions in enterocytes are pathognomonic features in congenital enteropathy associated with mutation of the apical plasma membrane receptor syntaxin 3 (STX3). Although the demonstrated binding of Myo5b to the Rab8a and Rab11a small GTPases in vitro implicates cytoskeleton-dependent membrane sorting, the mechanisms underlying the microvillar location defect remain unclear. By selective or combinatory disruption of Rab8a and Rab11a membrane traffic in vivo, we demonstrate that transport of distinct cargo to the apical brush border rely on either individual or both Rab regulators, whereas certain basolateral cargos are redundantly transported by both factors. Enterocyte-specific Rab8a and Rab11a double-knockout mouse neonates showed immediate postnatal lethality and more severe enteropathy than single knockouts, with extensive formation of microvilli along basolateral surfaces. Notably, following an inducible Rab11a deletion from neonatal enterocytes, basolateral microvilli were induced within 3 days. These data identify a potentially important and distinct mechanism for a characteristic microvillus defect exhibited by enterocytes of patients with neonatal enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Surgery, and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08903, USA
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16
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Pathania M, Wang Y, Simirskii VN, Duncan MK. β1-integrin controls cell fate specification in early lens development. Differentiation 2016; 92:133-147. [PMID: 27596755 PMCID: PMC5159248 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface molecules that mediate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion, ECM assembly, and regulation of both ECM and growth factor induced signaling. However, the developmental context of these diverse functions is not clear. Loss of β1-integrin from the lens vesicle (mouse E10.5) results in abnormal exit of anterior lens epithelial cells (LECs) from the cell cycle and their aberrant elongation toward the presumptive cornea by E12.5. These cells lose expression of LEC markers and initiate expression of the Maf (also known as c-Maf) and Prox1 transcription factors as well as other lens fiber cell markers. β1-integrin null LECs also upregulate the ERK, AKT and Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation indicative of BMP and FGF signaling. By E14.5, β1-integrin null lenses have undergone a complete conversion of all lens epithelial cells into fiber cells. These data suggest that shortly after lens vesicle closure, β1-integrin blocks inappropriate differentiation of the lens epithelium into fibers, potentially by inhibiting BMP and/or FGF receptor activation. Thus, β1-integrin has an important role in fine-tuning the response of the early lens to the gradient of growth factors that regulate lens fiber cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Pathania
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Vladimir N Simirskii
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Melinda K Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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17
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Li S, Qi Y, McKee K, Liu J, Hsu J, Yurchenco PD. Integrin and dystroglycan compensate each other to mediate laminin-dependent basement membrane assembly and epiblast polarization. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:272-284. [PMID: 27449702 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
During early embryogenesis, endodermal γ1-laminin expression is required for basement membrane (BM) assembly, promoting conversion of non-polar pluripotent cells into polarized epiblast. The influence of laminin-111 (Lm111) and its integrin and dystroglycan (DG) receptors on epiblast in embryoid bodies (EBs), a model for differentiation of the embryonic plate, was further investigated. Lm111 added to the medium of EBs initiated conversion of inner nonpolar cell to the polarized epiblast epithelium with an exterior-to-central basal-to-apical orientation. Microinjection of Lm111 into EB interiors resulted in an interior BM with complete inversion of cell polarity. Lm111 assembled a BM on integrin-β1 null EBs with induction of polarization at reduced efficiency. β-Integrin compensation was not detected in these nulls with integrin adaptor proteins failing to assemble. A dimer of laminin LG domains 4-5 (LZE3) engineered to strongly bind to α-dystroglycan almost completely inhibited laminin accumulation on integrin β1-null EBs, reducing BM and ablating cell polarization. When Lm111 was incubated with integrin-β1/dystroglycan double-knockout EBs, laminin failed to accumulate on the EBs, the EBs did not differentiate, and the EBs underwent apoptosis. Collectively the findings support the hypotheses that the locus of laminin cell surface assembly can determine the axis of epithelial polarity. This requires integrin- and/or dystroglycan-dependent binding to laminin LG domains with the highest efficiency achieved when both receptors are present. Finally, EBs that cannot assemble a matrix undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Yanmei Qi
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Karen McKee
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - June Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Peter D Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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18
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Horejs CM. Basement membrane fragments in the context of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:427-440. [PMID: 27397693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables cells of epithelial phenotype to become motile and change to a migratory mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is known to be a fundamental requisite for tissue morphogenesis, and EMT-related pathways have been described in cancer metastasis and tissue fibrosis. Epithelial structures are marked by the presence of a sheet-like extracellular matrix, the basement membrane, which is assembled from two major proteins, laminin and collagen type IV. This specialized matrix is essential for tissue function and integrity, and provides an important barrier to the potential pathogenic migration of cells. The profound phenotypic transition in EMT involves the epithelial cells disrupting the basement membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to cleave components of basement membranes, but MMP-basement membrane crosstalk during EMT in vivo is poorly understood. However, MMPs have been reported to play a role in EMT-related processes and a variety of basement membrane fragments have been shown to be released by specific MMPs in vitro and in vivo exhibiting distinct biological activities. This review discusses general considerations regarding the basement membrane in the context of EMT, a possible role for specific MMPs in EMT and highlights biologically active basement membrane fragments liberated by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles vaeg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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HOSHIBA T, TANAKA M. Integrin-independent Cell Adhesion Substrates: Possibility of Applications for Mechanobiology Research. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:1151-1158. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi HOSHIBA
- Frontier Center for Organic Materials, Yamagata University
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science
| | - Masaru TANAKA
- Frontier Center for Organic Materials, Yamagata University
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
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20
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Persistent cell migration and adhesion rely on retrograde transport of β(1) integrin. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 18:54-64. [PMID: 26641717 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrins have key functions in cell adhesion and migration. How integrins are dynamically relocalized to the leading edge in highly polarized migratory cells has remained unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that β1 integrin (known as PAT-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans), but not β3, is transported from the plasma membrane to the trans-Golgi network, to be resecreted in a polarized manner. This retrograde trafficking is restricted to the non-ligand-bound conformation of β1 integrin. Retrograde trafficking inhibition abrogates several β1-integrin-specific functions such as cell adhesion in early embryonic development of mice, and persistent cell migration in the developing posterior gonad arm of C. elegans. Our results establish a paradigm according to which retrograde trafficking, and not endosomal recycling, is the key driver for β1 integrin function in highly polarized cells. These data more generally suggest that the retrograde route is used to relocalize plasma membrane machinery from previous sites of function to the leading edge of migratory cells.
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21
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Bu SC, Kuijer R, van der Worp RJ, Li XR, Hooymans JMM, Los LI. The Ultrastructural Localization of Type II, IV, and VI Collagens at the Vitreoretinal Interface. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134325. [PMID: 26230410 PMCID: PMC4521792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vitreoretinal interface is the border of the cortical vitreous and the inner surface of the retina. The adhesion of the cortical vitreous to the ILM, namely vitreoretinal adhesion, involves a series of complex molecular adhesion mechanisms and has been considered as an important pathogenic factor in many vitreoretinal diseases. The presence of type VI collagen at the vitreoretinal interface and its possible interaction with collagens and glycoproteins indicates that type VI collagen may contribute to the vitreoretinal adhesion. Purpose To clarify the ultrastructural location of type VI collagen and its relationship to type II and IV collagens at the vitreoretinal interface. Methods The ultrastructural localization of type II, IV and VI collagens in the adult human vitreoretinal interface of five donor eyes was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy using immunogold labeling. Results In the pre-equatorial region, we observed densely packed vitreous lamellae with a partly intraretinal course containing type II and VI collagens, reticular structures containing type IV and VI collagens and a thin inner limiting membrane (ILM) containing type IV and VI collagens in a linear distribution pattern. From the anterior to the posterior retina, the linear pattern of type IV and VI collagen labeling gradually became more diffusely present throughout the entire thickness of the ILM. Conclusions The presence of type VI collagen in vitreous lamellae penetrating the ILM into the superficial retina suggests that type VI collagen may be involved in the organization of vitreous fibers into lamellae and in the adhesion of the vitreous fibers to the retina. The close relation of type VI to type IV collagen in the ILM suggests that type VI collagen is an important collagen type in the ILM. The topographic variations of type IV and VI collagens in the different regions of the ILM suggest a regional heterogeneity of the ILM. The reticular labeling pattern of type IV and VI collagens observed in the anterior vitreous are highly similar to labeling patterns of blood vessel walls. In the anterior vitreous, they may represent remnants of the regressed embryonic hyaloid blood vessel system. Their presence is in support of the theory on interactive remodeling of the developing vitreous as opposed to the main stream theory of displacement and compression of the primary by the secondary vitreous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Chong Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, Fu Kang Street 251, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Roel Kuijer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, FB40, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, building 3215, FB40, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roelofje J. van der Worp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao Rong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, Fu Kang Street 251, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Johanna M. M. Hooymans
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonoor I. Los
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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22
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Glentis A, Gurchenkov V, Matic Vignjevic D. Assembly, heterogeneity, and breaching of the basement membranes. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:236-45. [PMID: 24727304 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are thin sheets of self-assembled extracellular matrices that are essential for embryonic development and for the homeostasis of adult tissues. They play a role in structuring, protecting, polarizing, and compartmentalizing cells, as well as in supplying them with growth factors. All basement membranes are built from laminin and collagen IV networks stabilized by nidogen/perlecan bridges. The precise composition of basement membranes, however, varies between different tissues. Even though basement membranes represent physical barriers that delimit different tissues, they are breached in many physiological or pathological processes, including development, the immune response, and tumor invasion. Here, we provide a brief overview of the molecular composition of basement membranes and the process of their assembly. We will then illustrate the heterogeneity of basement membranes using two examples, the epithelial basement membrane in the gut and the vascular basement membrane. Finally, we examine the different strategies cells use to breach the basement membrane.
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23
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Nelson DA, Larsen M. Heterotypic control of basement membrane dynamics during branching morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2015; 401:103-9. [PMID: 25527075 PMCID: PMC4465071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many mammalian organs undergo branching morphogenesis to create highly arborized structures with maximized surface area for specialized organ function. Cooperative cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions that sculpt the emerging tissue architecture are guided by dynamic basement membranes. Properties of the basement membrane are reciprocally controlled by the interacting epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations. Here we discuss how basement membrane remodeling is required for branching morphogenesis to regulate cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions that are required for cell patterning during morphogenesis and how basement membrane impacts morphogenesis by stimulation of cell patterning, force generation, and mechanotransduction. We suggest that in addition to creating mature epithelial architecture, remodeling of the epithelial basement membrane during branching morphogenesis is also essential to promote maturation of the stromal mesenchyme to create mature organ structure. Recapitulation of developmental cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions are of critical importance in tissue engineering and regeneration strategies that seek to restore organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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24
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Cattavarayane S, Palovuori R, Tanjore Ramanathan J, Manninen A. α6β1- and αV-integrins are required for long-term self-renewal of murine embryonic stem cells in the absence of LIF. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:3. [PMID: 25886986 PMCID: PMC4348401 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growth properties and self-renewal capacity of embryonic stem (ES) cells are regulated by their immediate microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrins, a central family of cellular ECM receptors, have been implicated in these processes but their specific role in ES cell self-renewal remains unclear. Results Here we have studied the effects of different ECM substrates and integrins in mouse ES cells in the absence of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) using short-term assays as well as long-term cultures. Removal of LIF from ES cell culture medium induced morphological differentiation of ES cells into polarized epistem cell-like cells. These cells maintained epithelial morphology and expression of key stemness markers for at least 10 passages in the absence of LIF when cultured on laminin, fibronectin or collagen IV substrates. The specific functional roles of α6-, αV- and β1-integrin subunits were dissected using stable lentivirus-mediated RNAi methodology. β1-integrins were required for ES cell survival in long-term cultures and for the maintenance of stem cell marker expression. Inhibition of α6-integrin expression compromised self-renewal on collagen while αV-integrins were required for robust ES cell adhesion on laminin. Analysis of the stemness marker expression revealed subtle differences between α6- and αV-depleted ES cells but the expression of both was required for optimal self-renewal in long-term ES cell cultures. Conclusions In the absence of LIF, long-term ES cell cultures adapt an epistem cell-like epithelial phenotype and retain the expression of multiple stem cell markers. Long-term maintenance of such self-renewing cultures depends on the expression of β1-, α6- and αV-integrins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-015-0051-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhanakrishnan Cattavarayane
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland.
| | - Riitta Palovuori
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland.
| | - Jayendrakishore Tanjore Ramanathan
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland. .,Current address: Université de Lorraine, CS 25233, Nancy, cedex, 54052, France.
| | - Aki Manninen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland.
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25
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β1 integrin mediates colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration through regulation of the Hedgehog pathway. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2013-21. [PMID: 25387809 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
β1 integrin (ITGB1) is the major expressed integrin protein of normal cells and tumor-associated cells. It is often up-regulated in human malignancies and is involved in many developmental processes, such as tumor progression and metastasis. However, little is known about the function of ITGB1 in colorectal cancer. We constructed lentiviral vectors expressing ITGB1 or ITGB1-specific RNA interference (RNAi) and an unrelated control vector. After infecting HT29 cells in vitro, proliferation and migration were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assays, transwell invasion assays, and Western blots. The influence of lentivirus infection on the tumor development capacity of HT29 cells in vivo was examined by xenografting the tumor cells. The expression of ITGB1 in the xenografted tumor cells was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The up-regulation of ITGB1 significantly increased the proliferation in HT29 cells in vitro. Moreover, we found that the overexpression of ITGB1 up-regulated sonic hedgehog (Shh) while down-regulating Gli1 and SuFu in HT29-ITGB1 cells compared to controls. Moreover, the levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 proteins were up-regulated. Transwell assays showed that the number of migrating HT29-RNAi cells was lower than that in the other cell groups, indicating that ITGB1 significantly enhances the invasive ability of HT29 cells. In addition to these in vitro results, ITGB1 was found to be a significantly effective growth factor in a xenografted tumor mouse model. These results suggest that ITGB1 induces growth and invasion in a human colorectal cancer cell line through the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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26
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Alizadeh AM, Shiri S, Farsinejad S. Metastasis review: from bench to bedside. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8483-523. [PMID: 25104089 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the final result of uninhibited cell growth that involves an enormous group of associated diseases. One major aspect of cancer is when cells attack adjacent components of the body and spread to other organs, named metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. In developing this process, metastatic cells must successfully negotiate a series of complex steps, including dissociation, invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and dormancy regulated by various signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies and collect a comprehensive encyclopedia in molecular basis of metastasis, and then we will discuss some new potential therapeutics which target the metastasis pathways. Understanding the new aspects on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling tumor cell metastasis is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients that would be valuable for researchers in both fields of molecular and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran,
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27
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Nanoparticle-formulated siRNA targeting integrins inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3869. [PMID: 24844798 PMCID: PMC4107318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins play an important role during development, regulating cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Here we show that knockdown of integrin subunits slows down the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using nanoparticulate delivery of short interfering RNAs targeting β1 and αv integrin subunits we downregulate all integrin receptors in hepatocytes. Short-term integrin knockdown (two weeks) does not cause apparent structural or functional perturbations of normal liver tissue. Alterations in liver morphology accumulate upon sustained integrin downregulation (seven weeks). The integrin knockdown leads to significant retardation of HCC progression, reducing proliferation and increasing tumour cell death. This tumour retardation is accompanied by reduced activation of MET oncogene as well as expression of its mature form on the cell surface. Our data suggest that transformed proliferating cells from HCC are more sensitive to knockdown of integrins than normal quiescent hepatocytes, highlighting the potential of siRNA-mediated inhibition of integrins as an anti-cancer therapeutic approach.
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28
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Song J, Zhang J, Wang J, Cao Z, Wang J, Guo X, Dong W. β1 integrin modulates tumor growth and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:302-8. [PMID: 24807392 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to ascertain whether β1 integrin (ITGB1) induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) through regulation of the mitochondrial pathway in vitro and in vivo. We generated lentiviral vectors expressing ITGB1 or ITGB1-specific RNAi and an unrelated control vector. After infection of the HT29 cells, we used western blot analysis and flow cytometric analysis to validate the patterns of ITGB1 expression. Proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by colony formation assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Upregulation of ITGB1 significantly increased the proliferation of HT29 cells; however, the levels of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 proteins were upregulated while Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9 and p21 were downregulated in the HT29-ITGB1 cells compared to these levels in the controls. Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis showed that ITGB1 may play a significant role in the apoptosis of CRC cells. Moreover, ITGB1 promoted the proliferation of cells in a xenograft tumor mouse model. TUNEL staining revealed a marked increase in the percentage of positive cells in the HT29-RNAi group (84.3 ± 4.0%), which were more significant than in the HT29-ITGB1 group (48.3 ± 2.9%) and the other two control groups, HT29 (52.0 ± 3.6%) and HT29-NC (49.7 ± 4.5%). These results suggest that ITGB1 regulates the growth and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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29
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Moeton M, Kanski R, Stassen OMJA, Sluijs JA, Geerts D, Tijn P, Wiche G, Strien ME, Hol EM. Silencing GFAP isoforms in astrocytoma cells disturbs laminin‐dependent motility and cell adhesion. FASEB J 2014; 28:2942-54. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-245837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Moeton
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Regina Kanski
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Oscar M. J. A. Stassen
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A. Sluijs
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceBrain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and HematologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paula Tijn
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Hubrecht InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax F. Perutz LaboratoriesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Miriam E. Strien
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elly M. Hol
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceBrain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesCenter for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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30
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Longmate WM, DiPersio CM. Integrin Regulation of Epidermal Functions in Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:229-246. [PMID: 24669359 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Integrins are bidirectional signaling receptors for extracellular matrix that regulate both inside-out signaling that controls keratinocyte-mediated changes to the wound microenvironment and outside-in signaling that controls keratinocyte responses to microenvironmental changes. As such, integrins represent attractive therapeutic targets for treatment of chronic wounds or general promotion of wound healing. Advances in wound management are particularly important as the elderly and diabetic populations within the United States continue to grow. Recent Advances: Although integrins are best known for mediating cell adhesion and migration, integrins in wound epidermis also control cell survival, proliferation, matrix remodeling, and paracrine crosstalk to other cellular compartments of the wound. Importantly, the concept of targeting integrins in the clinic has been established for treatment of certain cancers and other diseases, laying the groundwork for similar exploitation of integrins as targets to treat chronic wounds. Critical Issues: Despite their attractiveness as therapeutic targets, integrins have complex roles in wound healing that are impacted by both their own expression and a highly dynamic wound microenvironment that determines ligand availability. Therefore, identifying relevant integrin ligands in the wound and understanding both distinct and overlapping functions that different integrins play in the epidermis will be critical to determine their precise roles in wound healing. Future Directions: Future research should focus on gaining a thorough understanding of the highly coordinated functions of different integrins in wound epidermis, and on determining which of these functions go awry in pathological wounds. This focus should facilitate development of integrin-targeting therapeutics for treating chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M. Longmate
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - C. Michael DiPersio
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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31
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Lens extrusion from Laminin alpha 1 mutant zebrafish. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:524929. [PMID: 24526906 PMCID: PMC3914655 DOI: 10.1155/2014/524929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report analysis of the ocular lens phenotype of the recessive, larval lethal zebrafish mutant, lama1a69/a69. Previous work revealed that this mutant has a shortened body axis and eye defects including a defective hyaloid vasculature, focal corneal dysplasia, and loss of the crystalline lens. While these studies highlight the importance of laminin α1 in lens development, a detailed analysis of the lens defects seen in these mutants was not reported. In the present study, we analyze the lenticular anomalies seen in the lama1a69/a69 mutants and show that the lens defects result from the anterior extrusion of lens material from the eye secondary to structural defects in the lens capsule and developing corneal epithelium associated with basement membrane loss. Our analysis provides further insights into the role of the lens capsule and corneal basement membrane in the structural integrity of the developing eye.
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32
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The primitive endoderm segregates from the epiblast in β1 integrin-deficient early mouse embryos. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:560-72. [PMID: 24277939 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00937-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the mechanism of developmental failure in implanted β1 integrin-null blastocysts and found that primitive endoderm cells are present but segregate away from, instead of forming an epithelial layer covering, the inner cell mass. This cell segregation phenotype was also reproduced in β1 integrin-null embryoid bodies, in which primitive endoderm cells segregated and appeared as miniature aggregates detached from the core spheroids, and a primitive endoderm layer failed to form on the surface. Restricted β1 integrin gene deletion in embryos using Ttr-Cre or Sox2-Cre indicated that the loss of integrin function in the cells of the inner core rather than the outer layer is responsible for the failure to form a primitive endoderm layer. We conclude that β1 integrin is essential for the attachment of the primitive endoderm layer to the epiblast during the formation of a basement membrane, a process concurrent with the transition from cadherin- to integrin-mediated cell adhesion.
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33
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Partanen JI, Tervonen TA, Klefström J. Breaking the epithelial polarity barrier in cancer: the strange case of LKB1/PAR-4. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20130111. [PMID: 24062587 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The PAR clan of polarity regulating genes was initially discovered in a genetic screen searching for genes involved in asymmetric cell divisions in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Today, investigations in worms, flies and mammals have established PAR proteins as conserved and fundamental regulators of animal cell polarization in a broad range of biological phenomena requiring cellular asymmetries. The human homologue of invertebrate PAR-4, a serine-threonine kinase LKB1/STK11, has caught attention as a gene behind Peutz-Jeghers polyposis syndrome and as a bona fide tumour suppressor gene commonly mutated in sporadic cancer. LKB1 functions as a master regulator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and 12 other kinases referred to as the AMPK-related kinases, including four human homologues of PAR-1. The role of LKB1 as part of the energy sensing LKB1-AMPK module has been intensively studied, whereas the polarity function of LKB1, in the context of homoeostasis or cancer, has gained less attention. Here, we focus on the PAR-4 identity of LKB1, discussing the weight of evidence indicating a role for LKB1 in regulation of cell polarity and epithelial integrity across species and highlight recent investigations providing new insight into the old question: does the PAR-4 identity of LKB1 matter in cancer?
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna I Partanen
- Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, , Biomedicum Helsinki, Rm B507b, PO Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Diaferia GR, Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Ranjitkar P, Yang W, Hardiman G, Rhodes CJ, Crisa L, Cirulli V. β1 integrin is a crucial regulator of pancreatic β-cell expansion. Development 2013; 140:3360-72. [PMID: 23863477 DOI: 10.1242/dev.098533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of the endocrine compartment of the pancreas, as represented by the islets of Langerhans, occurs through a series of highly regulated events encompassing branching of the pancreatic epithelium, delamination and differentiation of islet progenitors from ductal domains, followed by expansion and three-dimensional organization into islet clusters. Cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by receptors of the integrin family are postulated to regulate key functions in these processes. Yet, specific events regulated by these receptors in the developing pancreas remain unknown. Here, we show that ablation of the β1 integrin gene in developing pancreatic β-cells reduces their ability to expand during embryonic life, during the first week of postnatal life, and thereafter. Mice lacking β1 integrin in insulin-producing cells exhibit a dramatic reduction of the number of β-cells to only ∼18% of wild-type levels. Despite the significant reduction in β-cell mass, these mutant mice are not diabetic. A thorough phenotypic analysis of β-cells lacking β1 integrin revealed a normal expression repertoire of β-cell markers, normal architectural organization within islet clusters, and a normal ultrastructure. Global gene expression analysis revealed that ablation of this ECM receptor in β-cells inhibits the expression of genes regulating cell cycle progression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that β1 integrin receptors function as crucial positive regulators of β-cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16 20139, Milan, Italy
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35
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β1 integrin-extracellular matrix interactions are essential for maintaining exocrine pancreas architecture and function. J Transl Med 2013; 93:31-40. [PMID: 23069938 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors are responsible for integrating extracellular matrix signals inside the cell. The most prominent integrin receptor, β1 integrin, has a role in cell function, survival and differentiation. Recently, we demonstrated a profound in vivo role of β1 integrin expression in the pancreas on glucose homeostasis and islet function. Here, we extend these results by examining the role of β1 integrin in exocrine pancreatic structure and function. Adult C57Bl/6 mice hemizygous for a collagen type Iα2 (Col1a2) promoter-controlled tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase gene and homozygous for loxP-β1 integrin were injected with tamoxifen or corn oil to generate mice deleted or not for β1 integrin. Pancreata derived from these male mice were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that β1 integrin-deficient mice displayed a significant decrease in pancreas weight with a significant reduction of amylase, regenerating islet-derived protein II and carboxypeptidase-A expression (P<0.05-0.01). Compared with control pancreata, β1 integrin-deficient pancreata showed reduced mRNA expression of extracellular matrix (collagen type Iα2, fibronectin and laminin) genes (P<0.05), detached acini clusters and lost focal adhesion structure. Moreover, β1 integrin-deficient pancreatic acinar cells displayed decreased proliferation (P<0.05) and increased apoptosis (P<0.001). Apoptosis was reduced to that of controls when isolated exocrine clusters were cultured in media supplemented with extracellular matrix proteins. Taken together, these results implicate β1 integrin as an essential component for maintaining exocrine pancreatic structure and function.
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36
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Rotational motion during three-dimensional morphogenesis of mammary epithelial acini relates to laminin matrix assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:163-8. [PMID: 23248267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201141110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms by which ducts and lobules develop is derived from model organisms and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models wherein mammalian epithelial cells undergo morphogenesis to form multicellular spheres with a hollow central lumen. However, the mechanophysical properties associated with epithelial morphogenesis are poorly understood. We performed multidimensional live-cell imaging analysis to track the morphogenetic process starting from a single cell to the development of a multicellular, spherical structure composed of polarized epithelial cells surrounding a hollow lumen. We report that in addition to actively maintaining apicobasal polarity, the structures underwent rotational motions at rates of 15-20 μm/h and the structures rotated 360° every 4 h during the early phase of morphogenesis. Rotational motion was independent of the cell cycle, but was blocked by loss of the epithelial polarity proteins Scribble or Pard3, or by inhibition of dynein-based microtubule motors. Interestingly, none of the structures derived from human cancer underwent rotational motion. We found a direct relationship between rotational motion and assembly of endogenous basement membrane matrix around the 3D structures, and that structures that failed to rotate were defective in weaving exogenous laminin matrix. Dissolution of basement membrane around mature, nonrotating acini restored rotational movement and the ability to assemble exogenous laminin. Thus, coordinated rotational movement is a unique mechanophysical process observed during normal 3D morphogenesis that regulates laminin matrix assembly and is lost in cancer-derived epithelial cells.
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37
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Genet G, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Honton B, Dague E, Schneider MD, Coatrieux C, Calise D, Cardin C, Nieto C, Payré B, Dubroca C, Marck P, Heymes C, Dubrac A, Arvanitis D, Despas F, Altié MF, Seguelas MH, Delisle MB, Davy A, Sénard JM, Pathak A, Galés C. Ephrin-B1 Is a Novel Specific Component of the Lateral Membrane of the Cardiomyocyte and Is Essential for the Stability of Cardiac Tissue Architecture Cohesion. Circ Res 2012; 110:688-700. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.262451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Cardiac tissue cohesion relying on highly ordered cardiomyocytes (CM) interactions is critical because most cardiomyopathies are associated with tissue remodeling and architecture alterations.
Objective:
Eph/ephrin system constitutes a ubiquitous system coordinating cellular communications which recently emerged as a major regulator in adult organs. We examined if eph/ephrin could participate in cardiac tissue cyto-organization.
Methods and Results:
We reported the expression of cardiac ephrin-B1 in both endothelial cells and for the first time in CMs where ephrin-B1 localized specifically at the lateral membrane. Ephrin-B1 knock-out (KO) mice progressively developed cardiac tissue disorganization with loss of adult CM rod-shape and sarcomeric and intercalated disk structural disorganization confirmed in CM-specific ephrin-B1 KO mice. CMs lateral membrane exhibited abnormal structure by electron microscopy and notably increased stiffness by atomic force microscopy. In wild-type CMs, ephrin-B1 interacted with claudin-5/ZO-1 complex at the lateral membrane, whereas the complex disappeared in KO/CM-specific ephrin-B1 KO mice. Ephrin-B1 deficiency resulted in decreased mRNA expression of CM basement membrane components and disorganized fibrillar collagen matrix, independently of classical integrin/dystroglycan system. KO/CM-specific ephrin-B1 KO mice exhibited increased left ventricle diameter and delayed atrioventricular conduction. Under pressure overload stress, KO mice were prone to death and exhibited striking tissue disorganization. Finally, failing CMs displayed downregulated ephrin-B1/claudin-5 gene expression linearly related to the ejection fraction.
Conclusions:
Ephrin-B1 is necessary for cardiac tissue architecture cohesion by stabilizing the adult CM morphology through regulation of its lateral membrane. Because decreased ephrin-B1 is associated with molecular/functional cardiac defects, it could represent a new actor in the transition toward heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Genet
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Céline Guilbeau-Frugier
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Benjamin Honton
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Etienne Dague
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Michael D. Schneider
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Christelle Coatrieux
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Denis Calise
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Christelle Cardin
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Cécile Nieto
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Bruno Payré
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Caroline Dubroca
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Pauline Marck
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Christophe Heymes
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Alexandre Dubrac
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Dina Arvanitis
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Fabien Despas
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Marie-Françoise Altié
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Marie-Hélène Seguelas
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Marie-Bernadette Delisle
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Alice Davy
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Jean-Michel Sénard
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Atul Pathak
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
| | - Céline Galés
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1048 (G.G., B.H., C.C., F.D., M.F.A., M.H.S., J.M.S., A.P., C.G., A.D., D.C., C.D., P.M., C.H.), Department of Histopathology (C.G.F., M.B.D.) and of Clinical Pharmacology (F.D., J.M.S., A.P.), Toulouse University Hospital, CNRS; LAAS, ITAV-UMS3039 (E.D.), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Rangueil Medical Faculty (C.N., B.P.), Development biology
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Suppression of the PI3K subunit p85α delays embryoid body development and inhibits cell adhesion. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:3573-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Briasoulis A, Tousoulis D, Antoniades C, Papageorgiou N, Stefanadis C. The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Vascular Repair after Arterial Injury and Atherosclerotic Plaque Development. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 29:125-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Malan D, Wenzel D, Schmidt A, Geisen C, Raible A, Bölck B, Fleischmann BK, Bloch W. Endothelial beta1 integrins regulate sprouting and network formation during vascular development. Development 2010; 137:993-1002. [PMID: 20179098 DOI: 10.1242/dev.045377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
beta1 integrins are important regulators of vascular differentiation and development, as their endothelial-specific deletion results in embryonic lethality. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the prominent vascular abnormalities that occur in the absence of beta1 integrins. Because of the early embryonic lethality of knockout mice, we studied endothelial cell and vessel development in beta1-integrin-deficient murine embryonic stem cells to gain novel insights into the role of beta1 integrins in vasculo-angiogenesis. We found that vessel development was strongly defective in the mutant embryoid bodies (EBs), as only primitive and short sprouts developed from clusters of vascular precursors in beta1 integrin(-/-) EBs, whereas complex network formation of endothelial tubes was observed in wild-type EBs. The vascular defect was due to deficient beta1 integrin expression in endothelial cells, as its endothelial-specific re-expression rescued the phenotype entirely. The mechanism responsible for defective vessel formation was found to be reduced endothelial cell maturation, migration and elongation. Moreover, the lower number of endothelial cells in beta1 integrin(-/-) EBs was due to an increased apoptosis versus proliferation rate. The enhanced apoptosis and proliferation of beta1 integrin(-/-) endothelial cells was related to the elevation of peNOS and pAKT signaling molecules, respectively. Our data demonstrate that endothelial beta1 integrins are determinants of vessel formation and that this effect is mediated via different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Engineering ECM Complexity into Biomaterials for Directing Cell Fate. STUDIES IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, TISSUE ENGINEERING AND BIOMATERIALS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2010_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Liu J, He X, Corbett SA, Lowry SF, Graham AM, Fässler R, Li S. Integrins are required for the differentiation of visceral endoderm. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:233-42. [PMID: 19118216 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.037663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins of the beta1 subfamily are highly expressed in the early mouse embryo and are essential for the formation of primitive germ layers from the inner cell mass (ICM). We investigated the mechanisms by which alphabeta1 integrins regulate ICM morphogenesis by using the embryonic-stem-cell-derived embryoid body (EB), a model for peri-implantation development. Ablation of integrin beta1 in EBs resulted in endoderm detachment and in maturation defects, which were manifested by the mislocalization of GATA4 in the cytoplasm and the markedly reduced synthesis of basement membrane (BM) components and the lineage marker disabled homolog 2. The mutant endoderm cells failed to spread on BM substrates, but could spread on vitronectin, which induced upregulation of alphavbeta3 integrin and integrin-dependent GATA4 nuclear translocation. Forced expression of integrin beta3 in the mutant EBs completely rescued endoderm morphogenesis, suggesting that integrin beta3 can substitute for integrin beta1 in the endoderm. Furthermore, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2) and p38 were activated in endoderm in an integrin-dependent fashion. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK blocked vitronectin-induced GATA4 nuclear translocation and endoderm maturation, whereas expression of a constitutively active ERK kinase (MEK1) or p38 MAPK in the mutant cells rescued endoderm maturation in integrin-beta1-null endoderm cells. Collectively, these results suggest that integrins are required for both the stable adhesion and maturation of visceral endoderm, the latter being mediated through the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Sun YM, Cooper M, Finch S, Lin HH, Chen ZF, Williams BP, Buckley NJ. Rest-mediated regulation of extracellular matrix is crucial for neural development. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3656. [PMID: 18987749 PMCID: PMC2573962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural development from blastocysts is strictly controlled by intricate transcriptional programmes that initiate the down-regulation of pluripotent genes, Oct4, Nanog and Rex1 in blastocysts followed by up-regulation of lineage-specific genes as neural development proceeds. Here, we demonstrate that the expression pattern of the transcription factor Rest mirrors those of pluripotent genes during neural development from embryonic stem (ES) cells and an early abrogation of Rest in ES cells using a combination of gene targeting and RNAi approaches causes defects in this process. Specifically, Rest ablation does not alter ES cell pluripotency, but impedes the production of Nestin+ neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells and neurons, and results in defective adhesion, decrease in cell proliferation, increase in cell death and neuronal phenotypic defects typified by a reduction in migration and neurite elaboration. We also show that these Rest-null phenotypes are due to the dysregulation of its direct or indirect target genes, Lama1, Lamb1, Lamc1 and Lama2 and that these aberrant phenotypes can be rescued by laminins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Man Sun
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, The James Black Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Nakanishi M, Kurisaki A, Hayashi Y, Warashina M, Ishiura S, Kusuda-Furue M, Asashima M. Directed induction of anterior and posterior primitive streak by Wnt from embryonic stem cells cultured in a chemically defined serum-free medium. FASEB J 2008; 23:114-22. [PMID: 18809738 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Formation of the primitive streak (PS) is the initial specification step that generates all the mesodermal and endodermal tissue lineages during early differentiation. Thus, a therapeutically compatible and efficient method for differentiation of the PS is crucial for regenerative medicine. In this study, we developed chemically defined serum-free culture conditions for the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into the PS-like cells. Cultures supplemented with Wnt showed induction of expression of a PS marker, the brachyury gene, followed by induction of the anterior PS markers goosecoid and foxa2, a posterior PS marker, evx1, and the endoderm marker sox17. Similar differentiation of PS by Wnt was also observed in human ES cells. Moreover, we revealed that the activation of the Wnt canonical pathway is essential for PS differentiation in mouse ES cells. These results demonstrated that Wnt is an essential and sufficient factor for the induction of the PS-like cells in vitro. These conditions of induction could constitute the initial step in generating therapeutically useful cells of the definitive endoderm lineage, such as hepatocytes and pancreatic endocrine cells, under chemically defined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Nakanishi
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Montanez E, Ussar S, Schifferer M, Bösl M, Zent R, Moser M, Fässler R. Kindlin-2 controls bidirectional signaling of integrins. Genes Dev 2008; 22:1325-30. [PMID: 18483218 DOI: 10.1101/gad.469408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Control of integrin activation is required for cell adhesion and ligand-induced signaling. Here we report that loss of the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 in mice results in peri-implantation lethality caused by severe detachment of the endoderm and epiblast from the basement membrane. We found that Kindlin-2-deficient cells were unable to activate their integrins and that Kindlin-2 is required for talin-induced integrin activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Kindlin-2 is required for integrin outside-in signaling to enable firm adhesion and spreading. Our findings provide evidence that Kindlin-2 is a novel and essential element of bidirectional integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Montanez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Komura H, Ogita H, Ikeda W, Mizoguchi A, Miyoshi J, Takai Y. Establishment of cell polarity by afadin during the formation of embryoid bodies. Genes Cells 2008; 13:79-90. [PMID: 18173749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Afadin directly links nectin, an immunoglobulin-like cell-cell adhesion molecule, to actin filaments (F-actin) at adherens junctions (AJs). The nectin-afadin complex is important for the formation of not only AJs but also tight junctions (TJs) in epithelial cells. Studies using afadin-knockout mice have revealed that afadin is indispensable for embryonic development by organizing the formation of cell-cell junctions. However, the molecular mechanism of cell-cell junction disorganization during embryonic development in afadin-knockout mice is poorly understood. To address this, we took advantage of embryoid bodies (EBs) as a model system. The formation of cell-cell junctions including AJs and TJs was impaired in afadin-null EBs. The proper accumulation of the Par complex and the activation of Cdc42 and atypical PKC (aPKC), which are crucial for the formation of cell polarity, were also inhibited by knockout of afadin. In addition, the disruption of afadin caused the abnormal deposition of laminin and the dislocalization of its receptors integrin alpha(6) and integrin beta(1). These results indicate that afadin organizes the formation of cell-cell junctions by regulating cell polarization in early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Komura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Wu X, Li S, Chrostek-Grashoff A, Czuchra A, Meyer H, Yurchenco PD, Brakebusch C. Cdc42 is crucial for the establishment of epithelial polarity during early mammalian development. Dev Dyn 2008; 236:2767-78. [PMID: 17849438 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the role of Cdc42 in the establishment of epithelial polarity during mammalian development, we generated murine Cdc42-null embryonic stem cells and analyzed peri-implantation development using embryoid bodies (EBs). Mutant EBs developed endoderm and underlying basement membrane, but exhibited defects of cell polarity, cell-cell junctions, survival, and cavitation. These defects corresponded to a decreased phosphorylation and membrane localization of aPKC, a reduced phosphorylation of GSK3beta, and a diminished activity of Rac1. However, neither Rac1 nor the kinase function of GSK3beta seem to contribute to cell polarization and cell-cell contacts. In contrast, EBs expressing dominant-negative (dn) PKCzeta mimicked well the phenotype of Cdc42-null EBs, suggesting a major role of aPKC in mediating cell polarization downstream of Cdc42. Finally, aggregation experiments with endodermal cell lines suggested that Cdc42 might affect formation of adherens and tight junctions by PKCzeta-dependent regulation of the protein levels of p120 catenin and E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwei Wu
- University of Copenhagen, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kanasaki K, Kanda Y, Palmsten K, Tanjore H, Lee SB, Lebleu VS, Gattone VH, Kalluri R. Integrin beta1-mediated matrix assembly and signaling are critical for the normal development and function of the kidney glomerulus. Dev Biol 2007; 313:584-93. [PMID: 18082680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The human kidneys filter 180 l of blood every day via about 2.5 million glomeruli. The three layers of the glomerular filtration apparatus consist of fenestrated endothelium, specialized extracellular matrix known as the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the podocyte foot processes with their modified adherens junctions known as the slit diaphragm (SD). In this study we explored the contribution of podocyte beta1 integrin signaling for normal glomerular function. Mice with podocyte specific deletion of integrin beta1 (podocin-Cre beta1-fl/fl mice) are born normal but cannot complete postnatal renal development. They exhibit detectable proteinuria on day 1 and die within a week. The kidneys of podocin-Cre beta1-fl/fl mice exhibit normal glomerular endothelium but show severe GBM defects with multilaminations and splitting including podocyte foot process effacement. The integrin linked kinase (ILK) is a downstream mediator of integrin beta1 activity in epithelial cells. To further explore whether integrin beta1-mediated signaling facilitates proper glomerular filtration, we generated mice deficient of ILK in the podocytes (podocin-Cre ILK-fl/fl mice). These mice develop normally but exhibit postnatal proteinuria at birth and die within 15 weeks of age due to renal failure. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that podocyte beta1 integrin and ILK signaling is critical for postnatal development and function of the glomerular filtration apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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50
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Abstract
Migration of endothelial precursor cells (so-called "angioblasts" in embryos and "endothelial progenitor cells" in adults) during vasculogenesis is a requirement for the formation of a primary vascular plexus. The migration is initiated by the change of endothelial precursors to their migratory phenotype. The endothelial precursor cells are then guided to the position where the primary vascular plexus is formed. Migration is stopped by the reversion of the cells to their nonmigratory phenotype. A combination of regulatory mechanisms and factors controls this process. These include gradients of soluble factors, extracellular matrix-cell interaction and cell-cell interaction. In this review, we give an overview of the regulation of angioblast migration during embryonic vasculogenesis and its relationship to the migration of endothelial progenitors during postnatal vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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