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Cutshaw MK, Sciaudone M, Bowman NM. Risk Factors for Progression to Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:791-800. [PMID: 36848894 PMCID: PMC10076993 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-third of people with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection develop Chagas cardiomyopathy, which carries a poor prognosis. Accurate prediction of which individuals will go on to develop Chagas cardiomyopathy remains elusive. We performed a systematic review of literature comparing characteristics of individuals with chronic Chagas disease with or without evidence of cardiomyopathy. Studies were not excluded on the basis of language or publication date. Our review yielded a total of 311 relevant publications. We further examined the subset of 170 studies with data regarding individual age, sex, or parasite load. A meta-analysis of 106 eligible studies indicated that male sex was associated with having Chagas cardiomyopathy (Hedge's g: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07-2.04), and a meta-analysis of 91 eligible studies indicated that older age was associated with having Chagas cardiomyopathy (Hedge's g: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.41-0.91). A meta-analysis of four eligible studies did not find an association between parasite load and disease state. This study provides the first systematic review to assess whether age, sex, and parasite load are associated with Chagas cardiomyopathy. Our findings suggest that older and male patients with Chagas disease are more likely to have cardiomyopathy, although we are unable to identify causal relationships due to the high heterogeneity and predominantly retrospective study designs in the current literature. Prospective, multidecade studies are needed to better characterize the clinical course of Chagas disease and identify risk factors for progression to Chagas cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Sciaudone
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Natalie M. Bowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Gaździcka J, Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Tynior W, Asman M, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. Selected SNPs of FCN2 Associated with Chronic Tonsillitis in the Polish Adult Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020242. [PMID: 36833169 PMCID: PMC9956357 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic tonsillitis is a problem related to bacterial and viral infections. Ficolins play a key role in the defence against various pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the associations between the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FCN2 gene and chronic tonsillitis in the Polish population. The study included 101 patients with chronic tonsillitis and 101 healthy individuals. The selected SNPs of FCN2 (rs3124953, rs17514136 and rs3124954) were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays (Applied Biosystem, Foster City, CA, USA). The analysis of rs17514136 and rs3124953 showed no significant differences in genotype frequencies between the chronic tonsillitis patients and controls (p > 0.01). The CT genotype of rs3124954 was significantly more frequent, while the CC genotype was less frequent in chronic tonsillitis patients (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). The frequency of the A/G/T haplotype (rs17514136/rs3124953/rs3124954) was significantly more common in chronic tonsillitis patients (p = 0.0011). Moreover, the FCN2 CT genotype of rs3124954 was associated with a higher risk of chronic tonsillitis, while the CC genotype of rs3124954 decreased this risk. Our findings demonstrate that FCN2 rs3124954 may be associated with chronic tonsillitis in the Polish adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Tynior
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Asman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Oliveira Cavalcanti E, Freitas Lidani KC, de Freitas Oliveira Toré C, de Messias Reason IJ, Andrade FA. MASP1 Gene Polymorphism and MASP-3 Serum Levels in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:2108-2121. [PMID: 36166216 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major public health issue worldwide affecting 6-7 million people, mainly in Latin America. The complement system plays a crucial role in host immune defense against T. cruzi infection and during the chronic phase of CD; however, the role of the MBL-associated serine protease 1 (MASP1) gene encoding MASP-1, MASP-3, and MAp44 complement proteins has not yet been reported in CD. This study investigated the possible association between MASP1 gene polymorphisms and MASP-3 protein serum levels in chronic CD and its clinical forms. METHODS Five polymorphisms of MASP1 gene regulatory regions were genotyped in 214 patients with CD and 197 healthy controls (rs7609662 G>A, rs13064994 C>T, rs72549262 C>G, rs1109452 C>T and rs850314 G>A). MASP-3 serum levels were assessed in 70 patients and 66 healthy controls. Clinical data, serum levels of complement proteins (ficolin-2, ficolin-3 and MBL) and inflammatory markers (pentraxin-3 and hsCRP) were also included in the analyses. RESULTS A significant association of the MASP1 GC_CCA haplotype with CD (padj= 0.002; OR 3.17 [1.19-8.39]) and chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) (padj= 0.013; OR 4.57 [1.37-15.16] was observed. MASP-3 and pentraxin-3 levels were positively correlated in the patients (rho = 0.62; p = 0.0001). MASP-3 levels were not associated with MASP1 polymorphisms or CD and its clinical forms. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between MASP-3 levels and that of ficolin-2, ficolin-3, MBL and hsCRP. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a possible role for the MASP1 GC_CCA haplotype in susceptibility to chronic CD and CCC clinical forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednéia Oliveira Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil
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Chagas Disease Megaesophagus Patients Carrying Variant MRPS18B P260A Display Nitro-Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Response to IFN-γ Stimulus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092215. [PMID: 36140315 PMCID: PMC9496350 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects 8 million people, and around 1/3 develop chronic cardiac (CCC) or digestive disease (megaesophagus/megacolon), while the majority remain asymptomatic, in the indeterminate form of Chagas disease (ASY). Most CCC cases in families with multiple Chagas disease patients carry damaging mutations in mitochondrial genes. We searched for exonic mutations associated to chagasic megaesophagus (CME) in genes essential to mitochondrial processes. We performed whole exome sequencing of 13 CME and 45 ASY patients. We found the damaging variant MRPS18B 688C > G P230A, in five out of the 13 CME patients (one of them being homozygous; 38.4%), while the variant appeared in one out of 45 ASY patients (2.2%). We analyzed the interferon (IFN)-γ-induced nitro-oxidative stress and mitochondrial function of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. We found the CME carriers of the mutation displayed increased levels of nitrite and nitrated proteins; in addition, the homozygous (G/G) CME patient also showed increased mitochondrial superoxide and reduced levels of ATP production. The results suggest that pathogenic mitochondrial mutations may contribute to cytokine-induced nitro-oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesize that, in mutation carriers, IFN-γ produced in the esophageal myenteric plexus might cause nitro-oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons, contributing to megaesophagus.
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Ramírez-Toloza G, Aguilar-Guzmán L, Valck C, Menon SS, Ferreira VP, Ferreira A. Is It Possible to Intervene in the Capacity of Trypanosoma cruzi to Elicit and Evade the Complement System? Front Immunol 2021; 12:789145. [PMID: 34975884 PMCID: PMC8716602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas' disease is a zoonotic parasitic ailment now affecting more than 6 million people, mainly in Latin America. Its agent, the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is primarily transmitted by endemic hematophagous triatomine insects. Transplacental transmission is also important and a main source for the emerging global expansion of this disease. In the host, the parasite undergoes intra (amastigotes) and extracellular infective (trypomastigotes) stages, both eliciting complex immune responses that, in about 70% of the cases, culminate in permanent immunity, concomitant with the asymptomatic presence of the parasite. The remaining 30% of those infected individuals will develop a syndrome, with variable pathological effects on the circulatory, nervous, and digestive systems. Herein, we review an important number of T. cruzi molecules, mainly located on its surface, that have been characterized as immunogenic and protective in various experimental setups. We also discuss a variety of parasite strategies to evade the complement system - mediated immune responses. Within this context, we also discuss the capacity of the T. cruzi infective trypomastigote to translocate the ER-resident chaperone calreticulin to its surface as a key evasive strategy. Herein, it is described that T. cruzi calreticulin inhibits the initial stages of activation of the host complement system, with obvious benefits for the parasite. Finally, we speculate on the possibility to experimentally intervene in the interaction of calreticulin and other T. cruzi molecules that interact with the complement system; thus resulting in significant inhibition of T. cruzi infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Ramírez-Toloza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Guzmán
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Valck
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Smrithi S. Menon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Viviana P. Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tirado TC, Moura LL, Shigunov P, Figueiredo FB. Methodological Appraisal of Literature Concerning the Analysis of Genetic Variants or Protein Levels of Complement Components on Susceptibility to Infection by Trypanosomatids: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780810. [PMID: 34899745 PMCID: PMC8656155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosomatids are protozoa responsible for a wide range of diseases, with emphasis on Chagas Disease (CD) and Leishmaniasis, which are in the list of most relevant Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) according to World Health Organization (WHO). During the infectious process, immune system is immediately activated, and parasites can invade nucleated cells through a broad diversity of receptors. The complement system − through classical, alternative and lectin pathways − plays a role in the first line of defense against these pathogens, acting in opsonization, phagocytosis and lysis of parasites. Genetic modifications in complement genes, such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), can influence host susceptibility to these parasites and modulate protein expression. Methods In March and April 2021, a literature search was conducted at the PubMed and Google Scholar databases and the reference lists obtained were verified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected studies were evaluated and scored according to eleven established criteria regarding their thematic approach and design, aiming at the good quality of publications. Results Twelve papers were included in this systematic review: seven investigating CD and five focusing on Leishmaniasis. Most articles presented gene and protein approaches, careful determination of experimental groups, and adequate choice of experimental techniques, although several of them were not up-to-date. Ten studies explored the association of polymorphisms and haplotypes with disease progression, with emphasis on lectin complement pathway genes. Decreased and increased patient serum protein levels were associated with susceptibility to CD and Visceral Leishmaniasis, respectively. Conclusion This systematic review shows the influence of genetic alterations in complement genes on the progression of several infectious diseases, with a focus on conditions caused by trypanosomatids, and contributes suggestions and evidence to improve experimental design in future research proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Tirado
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Larine Lowry Moura
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Shigunov
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
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Lidani KCF, Andrade FA, Beltrame MH, Chakravarti I, Tizzot MR, Cavalcanti EO, Sandri TL, Luz PR, Messias-Reason IJ. Ficolin-3 in chronic Chagas disease: Low serum levels associated with the risk of cardiac insufficiency. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12829. [PMID: 33686686 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether FCN3 polymorphisms and circulating ficolin-3 levels were associated with clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease (CD) and to assess their potential use as biomarkers for the disease or its severity. METHODS AND RESULTS FCN3 polymorphisms (g.1637delC (rs532781899) in exon 5; g.3524_3532insTATTTGGCC (rs28362807) in intron 5 and g.4473C > A) (rs4494157) in intron 7) were determined in 178 chronic CD patients (65 asymptomatic, 68 cardiac, 21 digestive and 24 cardiodigestive), and 285 healthy controls by sequence-specific PCR. Ficolin-3 serum levels, measured by ELISA in 80 patients and 80 controls, did not differ between groups. On the other hand, ficolin-3 levels were positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (P = .002; r = .5), with lower levels associated with increased risk of cardiac insufficiency (P = .033; OR 7.21, 95%IC 1.17-44.4). Ficolin-3 levels were positively correlated with ficolin-2 (P = .021; r = .63), and negatively with MBL (P = .002; r = -.36) and pentraxin-3 (P = .04; r = -.32) levels. No significant results were observed for the investigated FCN3 polymorphisms and CD. The g.1637del/1637C heterozygotes presented lower ficolin-3 levels than g.1637C/1637C homozygotes in the control group (P = .023). CONCLUSION Low ficolin-3 levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of cardiac insufficiency associated with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Indira Chakravarti
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Regina Tizzot
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edneia Oliveira Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Rosa Luz
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Iara J Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Cláudia Freitas Lidani K, Andrade FA, Kozlowski RK, Luz PR, Messias-Reason IJ. Case Report: High Mannose-Binding Lectin Serum Determined by MBL2 Genotype and Risk for Clinical Progression to Chagasic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report of Three Patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:93-96. [PMID: 30526728 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, leads to severe cardiomyopathy in 20-30% of patients, whereas the remainder may stay asymptomatic and never develop cardiomyopathy or other clinical manifestations. The underlying cause for this variable outcome is not fully characterized, although previous studies have found high levels of circulating mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to be associated with cardiac failure echocardiographic changes. We report three indeterminate (asymptomatic) chronic Chagas patients who were followed up for 10 years. Two of these patients developed chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) during this follow-up period and, when genotyped, were found to be carriers of the high MBL producer HYPA/HYPA genotype, suggesting that genetically determined high MBL serum might be associated with the risk of CCC development. These results suggest the use of MBL quantification and MBL2 genotyping as tools for clinical assessment in patients with chronic CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Rosa Luz
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Iara J Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Acosta-Herrera M, Strauss M, Casares-Marfil D, Martín J. Genomic medicine in Chagas disease. Acta Trop 2019; 197:105062. [PMID: 31201776 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic approaches have been proposed for improving the understanding of the causes of differential susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease outcome. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune/inflammatory response are being studied in order to clarify their possible role in the occurrence or severity of the cardiac and/or gastrointestinal complications. However still today, the number of significant associated genes is limited and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition are unknown. This article review the information currently available from the published scientific literature regarding the genetic variants of molecules of the immune system and other variants that can contribute to the clinical presentation of the disease. Genomic medicine will improve our knowledge about the molecular basis of Chagas disease, will open new avenues for developing biomarkers of disease progression, new therapeutic strategies to suit the requirements of individual patients, and will contribute to the control of one of the infections with the greatest socio-economic impact in the Americas.
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Schröder-Braunstein J, Kirschfink M. Complement deficiencies and dysregulation: Pathophysiological consequences, modern analysis, and clinical management. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:299-311. [PMID: 31421540 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complement defects are associated with an enhanced risk of a broad spectrum of infectious as well as systemic or local inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Inherited complement deficiencies have been described for virtually all complement components but can be mimicked by autoantibodies, interfering with the activity of specific complement components, convertases or regulators. While being rare, diseases related to complement deficiencies are often severe with a frequent but not exclusive manifestation during childhood. Whereas defects of early components of the classical pathway significantly increase the risk of autoimmune disorders, lack of components of the terminal pathway as well as of properdin are associated with an enhanced susceptibility to meningococcal infections. The impaired synthesis or function of C1 inhibitor results in the development of hereditary angioedema (HAE). Furthermore, complement dysregulation causes renal disorders such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) or C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) but also age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) results from the combined deficiency of the regulatory complement proteins CD55 and CD59, which is caused by somatic mutation of a common membrane anchor, isolated CD55 or CD59 deficiency is associated with the CHAPLE syndrome and polyneuropathy, respectively. Here, we provide an overview on clinical disorders related to complement deficiencies or dysregulation and describe diagnostic strategies required for their comprehensive molecular characterization - a prerequisite for informed decisions on the therapeutic management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Schröder-Braunstein
- University of Heidelberg, Institute of Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kirschfink
- University of Heidelberg, Institute of Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sandri TL, Andrade FA, Lidani KCF, Einig E, Boldt ABW, Mordmüller B, Esen M, Messias-Reason IJ. Human collectin-11 (COLEC11) and its synergic genetic interaction with MASP2 are associated with the pathophysiology of Chagas Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007324. [PMID: 30995222 PMCID: PMC6488100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas Disease (CD) is an anthropozoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. With complex pathophysiology and variable clinical presentation, CD outcome can be influenced by parasite persistence and the host immune response. Complement activation is one of the primary defense mechanisms against pathogens, which can be initiated via pathogen recognition by pattern recognition molecules (PRMs). Collectin-11 is a multifunctional soluble PRM lectin, widely distributed throughout the body, with important participation in host defense, homeostasis, and embryogenesis. In complex with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), collectin-11 may initiate the activation of complement, playing a role against pathogens, including T. cruzi. In this study, collectin-11 plasma levels and COLEC11 variants in exon 7 were assessed in a Brazilian cohort of 251 patients with chronic CD and 108 healthy controls. Gene-gene interactions between COLEC11 and MASP2 variants were analyzed. Collectin-11 levels were significantly decreased in CD patients compared to controls (p<0.0001). The allele rs7567833G, the genotypes rs7567833AG and rs7567833GG, and the COLEC11*GGC haplotype were related to T. cruzi infection and clinical progression towards symptomatic CD. COLEC11 and MASP2*CD risk genotypes were associated with cardiomyopathy (p = 0.014; OR 9.3, 95% CI 1.2–74) and with the cardiodigestive form of CD (p = 0.005; OR 15.2, 95% CI 1.7–137), suggesting that both loci act synergistically in immune modulation of the disease. The decreased levels of collectin-11 in CD patients may be associated with the disease process. The COLEC11 variant rs7567833G and also the COLEC11 and MASP2*CD risk genotype interaction were associated with the pathophysiology of CD. The heterogeneity of clinical progression during chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection and the mechanisms determining why some individuals develop symptoms whereas others remain asymptomatic are still poorly understood. The pathogenesis of chronic Chagas Disease (CD) has been attributed mainly to the persistence of the causing parasite and the character of individual host immune responses. Collectin-11 is a host immune response molecule with affinity for sugars found on the T. cruzi’s surface. Together with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), it triggers the host defense response against pathogens. Genetic variants and protein levels of MASP-2 and the mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a molecule structurally similar to collectin-11, have been found to be associated with susceptibility to T. cruzi infection and clinical progression to cardiomyopathy. This prompted us to investigate collectin-11 genetic variants and protein levels in 251 patients with chronic CD and 108 healthy individuals, and to examine the effect of gene interaction between COLEC11 and MASP2 risk mutations. We found an association to CD infection with COLEC11 gene variants and reduced collectin-11 levels. The concomitant presence of these genetic variants and MASP2 risk mutations greatly increased the odds for cardiomyopathy. This is the first study to reveal a role for collectin-11 and COLEC11-MASP2 gene interaction in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa Lucas Sandri
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elias Einig
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Meral Esen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iara J. Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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12
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Bidula S, Sexton DW, Schelenz S. Ficolins and the Recognition of Pathogenic Microorganisms: An Overview of the Innate Immune Response and Contribution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3205072. [PMID: 30868077 PMCID: PMC6379837 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolins are innate pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and play integral roles within the innate immune response to numerous pathogens throughout the circulation, as well as within organs. Pathogens are primarily removed by direct opsonisation following the recognition of cell surface carbohydrates and other immunostimulatory molecules or via the activation of the lectin complement pathway, which results in the deposition of C3b and the recruitment of phagocytes. In recent years, there have been a number of studies implicating ficolins in the recognition and removal of numerous bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Moreover, there has been expanding evidence highlighting that mutations within these key immune proteins, or the possession of particular haplotypes, enhance susceptibility to colonization by pathogens and dysfunctional immune responses. This review will therefore encompass previous knowledge on the role of ficolins in the recognition of bacterial and viral pathogens, while acknowledging the recent advances in the immune response to fungal and parasitic infections. Additionally, we will explore the various genetic susceptibility factors that predispose individuals to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bidula
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Darren W. Sexton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
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13
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De Bona E, Lidani KCF, Bavia L, Omidian Z, Gremski LH, Sandri TL, de Messias Reason IJ. Autoimmunity in Chronic Chagas Disease: A Road of Multiple Pathways to Cardiomyopathy? Front Immunol 2018; 9:1842. [PMID: 30127792 PMCID: PMC6088212 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects around six million individuals in Latin America. Currently, CD occurs worldwide, becoming a significant public health concern due to its silent aspect and high morbimortality rate. T. cruzi presents different escape strategies which allow its evasion from the host immune system, enabling its persistence and the establishment of chronic infection which leads to the development of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). The potent immune stimuli generated by T. cruzi persistence may result in tissue damage and inflammatory response. In addition, molecular mimicry between parasites molecules and host proteins may result in cross-reaction with self-molecules and consequently in autoimmune features including autoantibodies and autoreactive cells. Although controversial, there is evidence demonstrating a role for autoimmunity in the clinical progression of CCC. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism underlying the generation of an autoimmune response in human CD progression is unknown. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and hypotheses related to the autoimmune mechanisms involved in the development and progression of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidiana De Bona
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Zahra Omidian
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Thaisa Lucas Sandri
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iara J de Messias Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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14
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Lidani KCF, Sandri TL, Andrade FA, Bavia L, Nisihara R, Messias-Reason IJ. Complement Factor H as a potential atherogenic marker in chronic Chagas’ disease. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12537. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. F. Lidani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology; Clinical Hospital; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - T. L. Sandri
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology; Clinical Hospital; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - F. A. Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology; Clinical Hospital; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - L. Bavia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology; Clinical Hospital; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - R. Nisihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology; Clinical Hospital; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - I. J. Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology; Clinical Hospital; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
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15
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Sandri TL, Lidani KCF, Andrade FA, Meyer CG, Kremsner PG, de Messias-Reason IJ, Velavan TP. Human complement receptor type 1 (CR1) protein levels and genetic variants in chronic Chagas Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:526. [PMID: 29323238 PMCID: PMC5765048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is an essential element in both innate and acquired immunity contributing to the immunopathogenesis of many disorders, including Chagas Disease (CD). Human complement receptor 1 (CR1) plays a role in the clearance of complement opsonized molecules and may facilitate the entry of pathogens into host cells. Distinct CR1 exon 29 variants have been found associated with CR1 expression levels, increased susceptibility and pathophysiology of several diseases. In this study, CR1 plasma levels were assessed by ELISA and CR1 variants in exon 29 by sequencing in a Brazilian cohort of 232 chronic CD patients and 104 healthy controls. CR1 levels were significantly decreased in CD patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001). The CR1 rs1704660G, rs17047661G and rs6691117G variants were significantly associated with CD and in high linkage disequilibrium. The CR1*AGAGTG haplotype was associated with T. cruzi infection (p = 0.035, OR 3.99, CI 1.1-14.15) whereas CR1*AGGGTG was related to the risk of chagasic cardiomyopathy (p = 0.028, OR 12.15, CI 1.13-113). This is the first study that provides insights on the role of CR1 in development and clinical presentation of chronic CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa Lucas Sandri
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Vietnamese - German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Vietnamese - German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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16
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Genster N, Østrup O, Schjalm C, Eirik Mollnes T, Cowland JB, Garred P. Ficolins do not alter host immune responses to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3852. [PMID: 28634324 PMCID: PMC5478672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolins are a family of pattern recognition molecules that are capable of activating the lectin pathway of complement. A limited number of reports have demonstrated a protective role of ficolins in animal models of infection. In addition, an immune modulatory role of ficolins has been suggested. Yet, the contribution of ficolins to inflammatory disease processes remains elusive. To address this, we investigated ficolin deficient mice during a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of systemic inflammation. Although murine serum ficolin was shown to bind LPS in vitro, there was no difference between wildtype and ficolin deficient mice in morbidity and mortality by LPS-induced inflammation. Moreover, there was no difference between wildtype and ficolin deficient mice in the inflammatory cytokine profiles after LPS challenge. These findings were substantiated by microarray analysis revealing an unaltered spleen transcriptome profile in ficolin deficient mice compared to wildtype mice. Collectively, results from this study demonstrate that ficolins are not involved in host response to LPS-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninette Genster
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and K.J. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jack B Cowland
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ortega Zamora Y, Escamilla Rojas LJ, Villa Sandoval EM, Vela Porras JS, Cossio Contrera EY, Cubides Romero SS, Carreño Ramirez PD, Urriago Losada H, De los Rios C, Gomez Mahecha DA, Lovera Serrano KD, Barreto Montaña JC, Narvaez Caicedo VL, Gutierrez FRS. Chagas disease immunogenetics: elusive markers of disease progression. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 15:367-376. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2017.1317591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Anjosa ZPD, Santos MMS, Rodrigues NJ, Lacerda GAND, Araujo J, Silva JDA, Tavares NDAC, Guimarães RL, Crovella S, Brandão LAC. Polymorphism in ficolin-1 (FCN1) gene is associated with an earlier onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents from northeast Brazil. J Genet 2016; 95:1031-1034. [PMID: 27994205 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Garred P, Genster N, Pilely K, Bayarri-Olmos R, Rosbjerg A, Ma YJ, Skjoedt MO. A journey through the lectin pathway of complement-MBL and beyond. Immunol Rev 2016; 274:74-97. [PMID: 27782323 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin-10, collectin-11, and the ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3) are soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin complement pathway. These proteins act as mediators of host defense and participate in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They bind to conserved pathogen-specific structures and altered self-antigens and form complexes with the pentraxins to modulate innate immune functions. All molecules exhibit distinct expression in different tissue compartments, but all are found to a varying degree in the circulation. A common feature of these molecules is their ability to interact with a set of serine proteases named MASPs (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). MASP-1 and -2 trigger the activation of the lectin pathway and MASP-3 may be involved in the activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Furthermore, MASPs mediate processes related to coagulation, bradykinin release, and endothelial and platelet activation. Variant alleles affecting expression and structure of the proteins have been associated with a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases, most commonly as disease modifiers. Notably, the severe 3MC (Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli, and Carnevale) embryonic development syndrome originates from rare mutations affecting either collectin-11 or MASP-3, indicating a broader functionality of the complement system than previously anticipated. This review summarizes the characteristics of the molecules in the lectin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ninette Genster
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Nahid MA, Ross SJ, Umiker BR, Li H, Sugii S, Bari L. Development of porcine ficolin-alpha monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for determining the binding capacity of multiple GlcNAc-binding proteins to bacterial danger components. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 170:13-9. [PMID: 26872626 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ficolins are a group of oligomeric defense proteins assembled from collagen-like stalks and fibrinogen-like domains that have common biochemical specificity for N-acetyl-d-glucose amine (GlcNAc) and can function as opsonins. In this report, GlcNAc-binding protein (GBP) purified from porcine nonimmune serum was biochemically characterized as ficolin-α. Ficolin-α was used as an immunogen to generate both rabbit polyclonal and murine monoclonal anti-ficolin-α antibodies, which are not yet commercially available. GBPs have been shown to be present in many animals, including humans; however, their functions are largely unknown. GBPs from chicken, dog, horse, bovine, and human sera were isolated using various chromatography methods. Interestingly, anti-ficolin-α antibody showed cross-reaction with those animal sera GBPs. Furthermore, anti-ficolin-α antibody was reactive with the GlcNAc eluate of Escherichia coli O26-bound and Salmonella-bound porcine serum proteins. Functionally, GBPs and bacteria-reactive pig serum proteins were able to bind with pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acids. Our studies demonstrate that ficolin-α specific antibody was reactive with GBPs from many species as well as bacteria-reactive serum proteins. These proteins may play important roles in innate immunity by sensing danger components that can lead to antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abu Nahid
- Immunology, Oncology and IMR Discovery Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 021159, USA; Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-853, Japan
| | - Steven J Ross
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benjamin R Umiker
- Immunology, Oncology and IMR Discovery Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 021159, USA
| | - Huapeng Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sunji Sugii
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-853, Japan
| | - Latiful Bari
- Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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21
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Luz PR, Miyazaki MI, Chiminacio Neto N, Padeski MC, Barros ACM, Boldt ABW, Messias-Reason IJ. Genetically Determined MBL Deficiency Is Associated with Protection against Chronic Cardiomyopathy in Chagas Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004257. [PMID: 26745156 PMCID: PMC4706301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose sugar moieties are recognized by mannan binding lectin (MBL), a soluble pattern-recognition molecule that activates the lectin pathway of complement. MBL levels and protein activity are affected by polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene. We sequenced the MBL2 promoter and exon 1 in 196 chronic CD patients and 202 controls. The MBL2*C allele, which causes MBL deficiency, was associated with protection against CD (P = 0.007, OR = 0.32). Compared with controls, genotypes with this allele were completely absent in patients with the cardiac form of the disease (P = 0.003). Furthermore, cardiac patients with genotypes causing MBL deficiency presented less heart damage (P = 0.003, OR = 0.23), compared with cardiac patients having the XA haplotype causing low MBL levels, but fully capable of activating complement (P = 0.005, OR = 7.07). Among the patients, those with alleles causing MBL deficiency presented lower levels of cytokines and chemokines possibly implicated in symptom development (IL9, p = 0.013; PDGFB, p = 0.036 and RANTES, p = 0.031). These findings suggest a protective effect of genetically determined MBL deficiency against the development and progression of chronic CD cardiomyopathy. Chagas disease is considered an important neglected tropical disease, affecting approximately ten million people in Latin America. Although most infected individuals remain asymptomatic, one third of patients develop a chronic heart disease, with progressive inflammation, increase of myocardium, arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency and heart failure. To date, there is no available marker to indicate the progression neither to determinate the severity of heart damage. Mannan binding lectin (MBL) is an important protein of the immune system able to recognize specific regions on the microorganism surfaces (including Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease) which activate the complement system, a crucial mechanism of the effector immunity. MBL levels and protein activity are affected by genetic differences, named polymorphisms, in the MBL2 gene. This is the first Brazilian study with MBL2 polymorphisms in chronic Chagas disease. We sequenced two regions of MBL2 gene in 196 patients and 202 controls. We found that a polymorphism associated with deficient complement activation protects against Chagas disease and patients with deficiency-associated genotypes presented less echocardiographic alterations. Among the patients, those with alleles causing MBL deficiency presented lower levels of cytokines and chemokines possibly implicated in symptom development (IL9, p = 0.013; PDGFB, p = 0.036 and RANTES, p = 0.031). These findings lead us to suggest that genetically determined MBL deficiency plays a protective role against the development and progression of chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rosa Luz
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Márcia I. Miyazaki
- Ambulatório de Atenção ao Paciente Chagásico—Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Nelson Chiminacio Neto
- Serviço de Ecocardiografia—Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Marcela C. Padeski
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia M. Barros
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Angelica B. W. Boldt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana–Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Iara J. Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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22
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Addobbati C, de Azevêdo Silva J, Tavares NAC, Monticielo O, Xavier RM, Brenol JCT, Crovella S, Chies JAB, Sandrin-Garcia P. Ficolin Gene Polymorphisms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Hum Genet 2016; 80:1-6. [PMID: 26464189 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are complex autoimmune diseases characterized by an immune balance breakdown and by chronic inflammation. Several findings link SLE and RA development with the complement system and ficolin components have emerged as candidates for disease development. Since genetic association studies with ficolin genes in SLE and RA have not yet been conducted in a Brazilian population, the aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms of ficolin-1(FCN1) and ficolin-2 (FCN2) genes are associated with SLE and RA susceptibility as well as disease manifestation. Two SNPs within FCN1 (rs2989727 and 1071583) and three in FCN2 (rs17514136, rs3124954, and rs7851696) were studied in 208 SLE and184 RA patients as well as 264 healthy individuals in a Southeast Brazilian population. For SLE patients, the FCN2 rs17514136 SNP was associated with a more severe disease (SLICC) (p = 0.0067). Furthermore, an association between the occurrence of nephritis and the T/T genotype for FCN2 rs3124954 SNP (p = 0.047, OR = 3.17, 95%CI = 1.34-7.5) was observed. No association was observed between the studied polymorphisms and RA development. Thus, our data support involvement of the FCN2 gene in the SLE phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Addobbati
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Azevêdo Silva
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nathália A C Tavares
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Odirlei Monticielo
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Xavier
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Carlos T Brenol
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Artur B Chies
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Sandrin-Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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23
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Mishra A, Antony JS, Gai P, Sundaravadivel P, Van TH, Jha AN, Singh L, Velavan TP, Thangaraj K. Mannose-binding Lectin (MBL) as a susceptible host factor influencing Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:591-6. [PMID: 26297290 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), caused by Leishmania donovani is endemic in the Indian sub-continent. Mannose-binding Lectin (MBL) is a complement lectin protein that binds to the surface of Leishmania promastigotes and results in activation of the complement lectin cascade. We utilized samples of 218 VL patients and 215 healthy controls from an Indian population. MBL2 functional variants were genotyped and the circulating MBL serum levels were measured. MBL serum levels were elevated in patients compared to the healthy controls (adjusted P=0.007). The MBL2 promoter variants -78C/T and +4P/Q were significantly associated with relative protection to VL (-78C/T, OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-0.96, adjusted P=0.026 and +4P/Q, OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.48-0.9, adjusted P=0.012). MBL2*LYQA haplotypes occurred frequently among controls (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.5-0.97, adjusted P=0.034). MBL recognizes Leishmania and plays a relative role in establishing L. donovani infection and subsequent disease progression. In conclusion, MBL2 functional variants were associated with VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Mishra
- CSIR - Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Justin S Antony
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Prabhanjan Gai
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Tong Hoang Van
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aditya Nath Jha
- CSIR - Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lalji Singh
- CSIR - Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India; Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale, Brazzaville, Congo.
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Ojurongbe O, Antony JS, Van Tong H, Meyer CG, Akindele AA, Sina-Agbaje OR, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. Low MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) levels correlate with urogenital schistosomiasis in Nigerian children. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20:1311-9. [PMID: 26046446 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins (FCN) are involved in pathogen recognition in the first line of defence. They support activation of the complement lectin cascade in the presence of MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2), a protein that cleaves the C4 and C2 complement components. Recent studies found that distinct MBL2 and FCN2 promoter variants and their corresponding serum levels are associated with relative protection from urogenital schistosomiasis. METHODS We investigated the contribution of MASP-2 levels and MASP2 polymorphisms in a Nigerian study group, of 163 individuals infected with Schistosoma haematobium and 183 healthy subjects. RESULTS MASP-2 serum levels varied between younger children (≤12 years) and older children (>12 years) and adults (P = 0.0001). Younger children with a patent infection had significantly lower MASP-2 serum levels than uninfected children (P = 0.0074). Older children and adults (>12 years) with a current infection had higher serum MASP-2 levels than controls (P = 0.032). MBL serum levels correlated positively with MASP-2 serum levels (P = 0.01). MASP2 secretor haplotypes were associated with MASP-2 serum levels in healthy subjects. The heterozygous MASP2 p.P126L variant was associated with reduced serum MASP-2 levels (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that higher MASP-2 serum levels are associated with relative protection from urogenital schistosomiasis in Nigerian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Ojurongbe
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Justin S Antony
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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Mishra A, Antony JS, Sundaravadivel P, Tong HV, Meyer CG, Jalli RD, Velavan TP, Thangaraj K. Association of Ficolin-2 Serum Levels and FCN2 Genetic Variants with Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125940. [PMID: 25965808 PMCID: PMC4428791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), one of the neglected tropical diseases, is endemic in the Indian subcontinent. Ficolins are circulating serum proteins of the lectin complement system and involved in innate immunity. METHODS We have estimated ficolin-2 serum levels and analyzed the functional variants of the encoding gene FCN2 in 218 cases of VL and in 225 controls from an endemic region of India. RESULTS Elevated levels of serum ficolin-2 were observed in VL cases compared to the controls (adjusted P<0.0001). The genetic analysis revealed that the FCN2 structural variant +6359 C>T (p.T236M) was associated with VL (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.23-7.25, P=0.008) and with high ficolin-2 serum levels. We also found that the FCN2*AAAC haplotype occurred more frequently among healthy controls when compared to cases (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.37-0.94, P=0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the FCN2 variant +6359C>T is associated with the occurrence of VL and that ficolin-2 serum levels are elevated in Leishmania infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Mishra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Justin S. Antony
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pandarisamy Sundaravadivel
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian G. Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reshma D. Jalli
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Beltrame MH, Boldt ABW, Catarino SJ, Mendes HC, Boschmann SE, Goeldner I, Messias-Reason I. MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and infectious diseases. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:85-100. [PMID: 25862418 PMCID: PMC7112674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MASP-1 and MASP-2 are central players of the lectin pathway of complement. MASP1 and MASP2 gene polymorphisms regulate protein serum levels and activity. MASP deficiencies are associated with increased infection susceptibility. MASP polymorphisms and serum levels are associated with disease progression.
The lectin pathway of the complement system has a pivotal role in the defense against infectious organisms. After binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins or collectin 11 to carbohydrates or acetylated residues on pathogen surfaces, dimers of MBL-associated serine proteases 1 and 2 (MASP-1 and MASP-2) activate a proteolytic cascade, which culminates in the formation of the membrane attack complex and pathogen lysis. Alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA encoding MASP-1 results in two other products, MASP-3 and MAp44, which regulate activation of the cascade. A similar mechanism allows the gene encoding MASP-2 to produce the truncated MAp19 protein. Polymorphisms in MASP1 and MASP2 genes are associated with protein serum levels and functional activity. Since the first report of a MASP deficiency in 2003, deficiencies in lectin pathway proteins have been associated with recurrent infections and several polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility or protection to infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the findings on the role of MASP polymorphisms and serum levels in bacterial, viral and protozoan infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia H Beltrame
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica B W Boldt
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra J Catarino
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Hellen C Mendes
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Stefanie E Boschmann
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Goeldner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Iara Messias-Reason
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Antony JS, Ojurongbe O, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. Lectin complement protein Collectin 11 (CL-K1) and susceptibility to urinary schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003647. [PMID: 25807310 PMCID: PMC4373859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic in many sub Saharan -African countries. Collectin Kidney 1 (CL-K1, encoded by COLEC11 on chromosome 2p25.3), a member of the vertebrate C-type lectin super family, has recently been identified as pattern-recognition molecule (PRR) of the lectin complement pathway. CL-K1 is preferentially expressed in the kidneys, but also in other organs and it is considered to play a role in host defense to some infectious agents. Schistosome teguments are fucosylated and CL-K1 has, through its collagen-like domain, a high binding affinity to fucose. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We utilized a Nigerian study group consisting of 167 Schistosoma haematobium infected individuals and 186 matched healthy subjects, and investigated the contribution of CL-K1 deficiency and of COLEC11 polymorphisms to infection phenotype. Higher CL-K1 serum levels were associated with decreased risk of schistosome infection (P corr = 0.0004). CL-K1 serum levels were differentially distributed between the COLEC11 genotypes and haplotypes observed. The non-synonymous variant p.R216H was associated with the occurrence of schistosomiasis (OR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.22-0.72, P corr = 0.0004). The reconstructed COLEC11*TCCA haplotypes were associated with higher CL-K1 serum levels (P = 0.002) and with decreased schistosomiasis (OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.23-0.63, P corr = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In agreement with findings from our earlier published study, our findings support the observation that CL-K1 and their functional variants may be host factors associated with protection in schistosomiasis and may be a useful marker for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. Antony
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olusola Ojurongbe
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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Endo Y, Matsushita M, Fujita T. New insights into the role of ficolins in the lectin pathway of innate immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:49-110. [PMID: 25805122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the innate immune system, a variety of recognition molecules provide the first-line host defense to prevent infection and maintain endogenous homeostasis. Ficolin is a soluble recognition molecule, which senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns on microbes and aberrant sugar structures on self-cells. It consists of a collagen-like stalk and a globular fibrinogen-like domain, the latter binding to carbohydrates such as N-acetylglucosamine. Ficolins have been widely identified in animals from higher invertebrates to mammals. In mammals, ficolins form complexes with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), and ficolin-MASP complexes trigger complement activation via the lectin pathway. Once activated, complement mediates many immune responses including opsonization, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Although the precise function of each ficolin is still under investigation, accumulating information suggests that ficolins have a crucial role in host defense by recognizing a variety of microorganisms and interacting with effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Radioisotope Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima General Hygiene Institute, Fukushima, Japan
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Zhou X, Zhu HQ, Lu J. Regulation of gene expression in HBV- and HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: integrated GWRS and GWGS analyses. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:4038-4050. [PMID: 25550913 PMCID: PMC4276171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus-related and hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma, samples from hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infected patients and the normal were compared, respectively. METHODS In both experiments, genes with high value were selected based on a genome-wide relative significance and genome-wide global significance model. Co-expression network of the selected genes was constructed, and transcription factors in the network were identified. Molecular complex detection algorithm was used to obtain sub-networks. RESULTS Based on the new model, the top 300 genes were selected. Co-expression network was constructed and transcription factors were identified. We obtained two common genes FCN2 and CXCL14, and two common transcription factors RFX5 and EZH2. In hepatitis B virus experiment, cluster 1 and 3 had the higher value. In cluster 1, ten of the 17 genes and one transcription factor were all reported associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. In cluster 3, transcription factor ESR1 was reported related with hepatocellular carcinoma. In hepatitis C virus experiment, the value of cluster 3 and 4 was higher. In cluster 3, nine genes were reported to play a key role in hepatocellular carcinoma. In cluster 4, there were 5 genes in the 34 genes. To compare the relevance of a node in holding together communicating nodes, centralities based analysis was performed and we obtained some genes with high stress value. CONCLUSION The analysis above helped us to understand the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Hua-Qiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan 250014, China
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A vital role for complement in heart disease. Mol Immunol 2014; 61:126-34. [PMID: 25037633 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are common and significant contributors to worldwide mortality and morbidity. During recent years complement mediated inflammation has been shown to be an important player in a variety of heart diseases. Despite some negative results from clinical trials using complement inhibitors, emerging evidence points to an association between the complement system and heart diseases. Thus, complement seems to be important in coronary heart disease as well as in heart failure, where several studies underscore the prognostic importance of complement activation. Furthermore, patients with atrial fibrillation often share risk factors both with coronary heart disease and heart failure, and there is some evidence implicating complement activation in atrial fibrillation. Moreover, Chagas heart disease, a protozoal infection, is an important cause of heart failure in Latin America, and the complement system is crucial for the protozoa-host interaction. Thus, complement activation appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of a diverse range of cardiac conditions. Determination of the exact role of complement in the various heart diseases will hopefully help to identify patients that might benefit from therapeutic complement intervention.
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Ballegaard V, Haugaard AK, Garred P, Nielsen SD, Munthe-Fog L. The lectin pathway of complement: advantage or disadvantage in HIV pathogenesis? Clin Immunol 2014; 154:13-25. [PMID: 24928325 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The pattern recognition molecules of the lectin complement pathway are important components of the innate immune system with known functions in host-virus interactions. This paper summarizes current knowledge of how these intriguing molecules, including mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Ficolin-1, -2 and -3, and collectin-11 (CL-11) may influence HIV-pathogenesis. It has been demonstrated that MBL is capable of binding and neutralizing HIV and may affect host susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression. In addition, MBL may cause variations in the host immune response against HIV. Ficolin-1, -2 and -3 and CL-11 could have similar functions in HIV infection as the ficolins have been shown to play a role in other viral infections, and CL-11 resembles MBL and the ficolins in structure and binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ballegaard
- Viro-Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Denmark
| | - A K Haugaard
- Viro-Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Denmark
| | - P Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Denmark
| | - S D Nielsen
- Viro-Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Denmark.
| | - L Munthe-Fog
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Denmark
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Mannose binding lectin and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Brazilian patients and their relatives. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95519. [PMID: 24751721 PMCID: PMC3994105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a commonly occurring systemic inflammatory auto immune disease and is believed to be associated with genetic factors. The innate immune complement protein Mannose binding lectin (MBL) and their MBL2 genetic variants are associated with different infectious and autoimmune diseases. Methods In a Brazilian cohort, we aim to associate the functional role of circulating MBL serum levels and MBL2 variants in clinically classified patients (n = 196) with rheumatoid arthritis including their relatives (n = 200) and ethnicity matched healthy controls (n = 200). MBL serum levels were measured by ELISA and functional MBL2 variants were genotyped by direct sequencing. Results The exon1+54 MBL2*B variant was significantly associated with an increased risk and the reconstructed haplotype MBL2*LYPB was associated with RA susceptibility. Circulating serum MBL levels were observed significantly lower in RA patients compared to their relatives and controls. No significant contribution of MBL levels were observed with respect to functional class, age at disease onset, disease duration and/or other clinical parameters such as nodules, secondary Sjögren syndrome, anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor. Differential distribution of serum MBL levels with functional MBL2 variants was observed in respective RA patients and their relatives. Conclusions Our results suggest MBL levels as a possible marker for RA susceptibility in a Brazilian population.
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Evans-Osses I, Mojoli A, Beltrame MH, da Costa DE, DaRocha WD, Velavan TP, de Messias-Reason I, Ramirez MI. Differential ability to resist to complement lysis and invade host cells mediated by MBL in R4 and 860 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:956-61. [PMID: 24560788 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To produce an infection Trypanosoma cruzi must evade lysis by the complement system. During early stages of infection, the lectin pathway plays an important role in host defense and can be activated by binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens. We hypothesized that MBL has a dual role during parasite-host cell interaction as lectin complement pathway activator and as binding molecule to invade the host cell. We used two polarized strains of T. cruzi, R4 (susceptible) and 860 (resistant) strains, to investigate the role of MBL in complement-mediated lysis. Interestingly R4, but not 860 metacyclic strain, markedly increases the invasion of host cells, suggesting that MBL drives the invasion process while the parasite deactivates the Lectin complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Evans-Osses
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz., Av Brasil, 4550. Manguinhos-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andres Mojoli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz., Av Brasil, 4550. Manguinhos-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Denise Endo da Costa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Duarte DaRocha
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Iara de Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz., Av Brasil, 4550. Manguinhos-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Beltrame MH, Catarino SJ, Goeldner I, Boldt ABW, de Messias-Reason IJ. The lectin pathway of complement and rheumatic heart disease. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:148. [PMID: 25654073 PMCID: PMC4300866 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against infection and is comprised of humoral and cellular mechanisms that recognize potential pathogens within minutes or hours of entry. The effector components of innate immunity include epithelial barriers, phagocytes, and natural killer cells, as well as cytokines and the complement system. Complement plays an important role in the immediate response against microorganisms, including Streptococcus sp. The lectin pathway is one of three pathways by which the complement system can be activated. This pathway is initiated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin 11 (CL-K1), and ficolins (Ficolin-1, Ficolin-2, and Ficolin-3) to microbial surface oligosaccharides and acetylated residues, respectively. Upon binding to target molecules, MBL, CL-K1, and ficolins form complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases 1 and 2 (MASP-1 and MASP-2), which cleave C4 and C2 forming the C3 convertase (C4b2a). Subsequent activation of complement cascade leads to opsonization, phagocytosis, and lysis of target microorganisms through the formation of the membrane-attack complex. In addition, activation of complement may induce several inflammatory effects, such as expression of adhesion molecules, chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes, release of reactive oxygen species, and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. In this chapter, we review the general aspects of the structure, function, and genetic polymorphism of lectin-pathway components and discuss most recent understanding on the role of the lectin pathway in the predisposition and clinical progression of Rheumatic Fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Sandra Jeremias Catarino
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Isabela Goeldner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
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