1
|
Pham DL, Gillette AA, Riendeau J, Wiech K, Guzman EC, Datta R, Skala MC. Perspectives on label-free microscopy of heterogeneous and dynamic biological systems. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2025; 29:S22702. [PMID: 38434231 PMCID: PMC10903072 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Significance Advancements in label-free microscopy could provide real-time, non-invasive imaging with unique sources of contrast and automated standardized analysis to characterize heterogeneous and dynamic biological processes. These tools would overcome challenges with widely used methods that are destructive (e.g., histology, flow cytometry) or lack cellular resolution (e.g., plate-based assays, whole animal bioluminescence imaging). Aim This perspective aims to (1) justify the need for label-free microscopy to track heterogeneous cellular functions over time and space within unperturbed systems and (2) recommend improvements regarding instrumentation, image analysis, and image interpretation to address these needs. Approach Three key research areas (cancer research, autoimmune disease, and tissue and cell engineering) are considered to support the need for label-free microscopy to characterize heterogeneity and dynamics within biological systems. Based on the strengths (e.g., multiple sources of molecular contrast, non-invasive monitoring) and weaknesses (e.g., imaging depth, image interpretation) of several label-free microscopy modalities, improvements for future imaging systems are recommended. Conclusion Improvements in instrumentation including strategies that increase resolution and imaging speed, standardization and centralization of image analysis tools, and robust data validation and interpretation will expand the applications of label-free microscopy to study heterogeneous and dynamic biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan L. Pham
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | | | - Kasia Wiech
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Rupsa Datta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Portela FVM, Andrade ARCD, Pereira LMG, da Silva BN, Peixoto PHS, Amando BR, Fiallos NDM, Souza PDFSMD, Lima-Neto RGD, Guedes GMDM, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Cordeiro RDA. Antibiotics stimulates the development of persistent cells in biofilms of Candida albicans bloodstream isolates. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:593-601. [PMID: 39219014 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2396013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans invasive candidiasis is considered a global health problem. In such cases, biofilm formation on implanted devices represents a therapeutic challenge and the presence of metabolically inactive persistent cells (PCs) in these communities increases their tolerance to fungicidal drugs. This study investigated the influence of amoxicillin, AMX; cefepime, CEF; gentamicin, GEN; amikacin, AMK; vancomycin, VAN; and ciprofloxacin, CIP; on the production of PCs in biofilms of C. albicans bloodstream isolates. 48 h-mature biofilms (n = 6) grown in RPMI-1640 supplemented with antibiotics were treated with 100 μg ml-1 amphotericin B and then evaluated for PCs. Biofilms grown in the presence of antibiotics produced more PCs, up to 10×, when exposed to AMX and CIP; 5 × to CEF; and 6 × to GEN and VAN. The results indicate that antibiotics can modulate PC production in C. albicans biofilms. This scenario may have clinical repercussions in immunocompromised patients under broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicole de Mello Fiallos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gala Marti SL, Wagner M, Nentwig L, Smits SHJ, Schmitt L. An in vitro set-up to study Pdr5-mediated substrate translocation. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5181. [PMID: 39312388 PMCID: PMC11418629 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Pdr5 is the most abundant ABC transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plays a major role in the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) network, which actively prevents cell entry of a large number of structurally unrelated compounds. Due to a high level of asymmetry in one of its nucleotide binding sites (NBS), Pdr5 serves as a perfect model system for asymmetric ABC transporter such as its medical relevant homologue Cdr1 from Candida albicans. In the past 30 years, this ABC transporter was intensively studied in vivo and in plasma membrane vesicles. Nevertheless, these studies were limited since it was not possible to isolate and reconstitute Pdr5 in a synthetic membrane system while maintaining its activity. Here, the functional reconstitution of Pdr5 in a native-like environment in an almost unidirectional inside-out orientation is described. We demonstrate that reconstituted Pdr5 is capable of translocating short-chain fluorescent NBD lipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of the proteoliposomes. Moreover, this transporter revealed its ability to utilize other nucleotides to accomplish transport of substrates in a reconstituted system. Besides, we were also able to estimate the NTPase activity of reconstituted Pdr5 and determine the kinetic parameters for ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Wagner
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- OQEMA GmbHMönchengladbachGermany
| | - Lea‐Marie Nentwig
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Center for Structural StudiesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pecho OE, Alvarez-Lloret P, Ionescu AM, Cardona JC, Ghinea R, Sánchez-Sánchez P, Perez MM, Della Bona A. Influence of microstructure on optical properties of CAD-CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00270-7. [PMID: 39304479 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of microstructure and chemical composition on the optical properties of CAD-CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. METHODS Samples (n = 5; 1.0 mm thickness) of shades A1, A2, and A3 were fabricated from CAD-CAM ceramic blocks (Ivoclar Vivadent): IPS e.max® CAD LT (emLT) and HT (emHT). Samples were polished to 1.0 ± 0.01 mm in thickness. The optical properties (R- reflectance; T- transmittance; μs'- reduced scattering and μa- absorption coefficients) from the post-crystallized samples were determined using the inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method based on integrating-sphere measurements. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to evaluate the microstructural properties. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) was employed to analyze the chemical composition. The chemical and structural characterization were performed before and after crystallization of the ceramic samples. RESULTS emLT showed higher values of μs'and lower values of μa and T than emHT for each shade in all wavelengths (p < 0.003). Considering T for emHT, there were no statistical differences for shades A1 and A2 at 488 nm and 514.5 nm (p > 0.003) and shades A1 and A3 at 457.9 nm (p > 0.003). emLT showed particle length ranging from 0.74 to 2.78 µm (mean = 1.57 µm and RF-relative frequency = 28 %) and particle width ranging from 0.21 to 0.74 µm (mean = 0.30 µm and RF = 31 %). emHT showed particle length ranging from 0.83 to 3.08 µm (mean = 1.86 µm and RF = 21 %) and particle width ranging from 0.24 to 1.12 µm (mean = 0.56 µm and RF = 28 %). In comparison with emHT, emLT showed greater vol% for C, K, and Zr and lower vol% for O and Al. SIGNIFICANCE The optical properties of CAD-CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramics are influenced by the chemical composition and, consequently, by the material microstructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Pecho
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain; Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, ATITUS Educação, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alvarez-Lloret
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Geology, University of Oviedo, Campus Llamaquique, s/n 33005, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana M Ionescu
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan C Cardona
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Razvan Ghinea
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Purificación Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria M Perez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Daware SV, Mondal R, Kothari M, Chowdhury A, Liu ACY, Prabhakar R, Kumaraswamy G. Synthesis and Characterization of Monolayer Colloidal Sheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39288076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Sheet-like colloidal assemblies represent model systems to investigate the structure and properties of two-dimensional materials. Here, we report a simple yet versatile method for the preparation of colloidal monolayer sheet-like assemblies that affords control over the size, crystalline order, flexibility, and defect density. The protocol that we report relies on self-assembly of colloids as a sessile drop of dispersion is evaporated on an oil-covered substrate. In this case, the contact line continually moves as the drop shrinks. Polyethyleneimine polymer-covered micrometer-sized colloidal particles are transported to the air-water interface and assemble to form a monolayer sheet as the drop dries. Cross-linking the polymer renders the colloidal assembly permanent. Interestingly, monodisperse colloidal particles form disordered assemblies when dried from low concentration dispersions, while polycrystalline ordered assemblies form at higher concentrations. We demonstrate that increasing the cross-linker to polymer ratio decreases the flexibility of the assembly. Introduction of different-sized colloidal particles in a sheet leads to increased disorder. Removal of sacrificial particles from the sheet allowed the introduction of "holes" in the sheets. Thus, these colloidal sheets are models for probing the effects of disorder, doping, and vacancies in two-dimensional systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Vasant Daware
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IITB Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, India
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Ranajit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Mansi Kothari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amelia C Y Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Ranganathan Prabhakar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Guruswamy Kumaraswamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin H, Chana NK, Tang AL, Kaur P, Lamichhane B, Leung SC, Scheiderer D, Sivaprakasam VV, Marcelino DT, Hull GJ, Kamara TM, Guimaro MC, Caruso SM. Genome characterization of BI2 subcluster Streptomyces scabiei bacteriophages GoblinVoyage and Doxi13. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0058124. [PMID: 39162451 PMCID: PMC11385150 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00581-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the bacteriophages GoblinVoyage and Doxi13, siphoviruses isolated on Streptomyces scabiei RL-34. They belong to the BI2 cluster and have genomes consisting of 60.9% GC content with identical 3' end sticky overhangs. The genome lengths of GoblinVoyage and Doxi13 are 43,540 bp and 43,696 bp, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nihal K Chana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Annie L Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paramjit Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brishti Lamichhane
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sze Ching Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane Scheiderer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vighnesh V Sivaprakasam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dannah T Marcelino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory J Hull
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Toma M Kamara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria C Guimaro
- College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M Caruso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tabassum R, Dilshad E. A comparative anticancer analysis of iron oxide nanoparticles of Hippophae rhamnoides and Cichorium intybus found in the Karakoram Range of Gilgit Baltistan against liver cancer targeting the RhoA gene. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39226126 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2400209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current research work focused on the evaluation of of H. rhamnoides and C. intybus Fe2O3 NPs against liver cancer cell line (HepG2) by performing antiproliferative assay targeting the RhoA gene and apoptotic pathway genes and proteins. METHODS Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized using extracts of H. rhamnoides and C. intybus and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM/EDS and XRD. MTT assay was used to study cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cells. Real-time qPCR and ELISA were used for the gene and protein analysis. RESULTS An absorbance peak at 300 nm for H. rhamnoides and 289 nm for C. intybus nanoparticles were observed by UV-Vis analysis. The FTIR bands of H. rhamnoide Fe2O3 NPs suggested the presence of aldehydes, alcohols and polyols whereas bands of C. intybus Fe2O3 NPs suggested the presence of carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, alkynes and amines. The size of Fe2O3 NPs was found to be 27 ± 5nm for H. rhamnoides and 84 ± 4nm for C. intybus. The IC50 value of 41.69 µM for H. rhmnoides and 71.04 µM for C. intybus Fe2O3 NPs compared to plant extract (78.10 and 96.03 µM for H. rhamnoides and C. intybus, respectively) were found against HepG2 cells. The gene expression and protein levels of RhoA were decreased whereas those of bax, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 were found increased. CONCLUSION Nanoparticles and extract of H. rhamnoides were found more effective as compared to C. intybus, which was evident by the results of cytotoxicity and analysis of studied genes and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Tabassum
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Erum Dilshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsykhanovska I, Stabnikova O, Riabchykov M, Lazarieva T, Korolyova N. Effect of Partial Replacement of Wheat Flour by Flour from Extruded Sunflower Seed Kernels on Muffins Quality. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024:10.1007/s11130-024-01232-4. [PMID: 39222224 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of new types of raw materials to improve the quality and nutritional value of products is an important trend in flour confectionery. Flour from extruded sunflower seed kernels (FESSK), the by-product of oil production, was used as a new ingredient in muffin formulation. Analysis of physicochemical and nutritional properties of muffins prepared with FESSK, which was added in the amounts of 5, 10, and 15% to the total weight of mixture of wheat and rye flours, as well as their sensory evaluation, were performed. According to the sensory evaluation, the muffins with FESSK had a pleasant, nutty and sunflower aroma, and the best results were shown by muffins with 10% of FESSK. Addition of FESSK, 10%, led to an increase of the content of protein by 24.7%, fat by 16.9%, fiber by 23.3%, ash by 16.9%, and a decrease of content of total carbohydrates by 5.2% and sugars by 16.2%. Enriched muffins had improved texture characteristics, particularly, smooth, crack-free surface, soft, and elastic crumb with well-developed porosity and small, evenly distributed, thin-walled pores. The FESSK could be recommended as an ingredient for improving the nutritional and technological properties of flour confectionery products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Tsykhanovska
- Department of Food Technology, Light Industry and Design, Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karazina, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Stabnikova
- Advanced Laboratory, National University of Food Technology, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Mykola Riabchykov
- Department of Light Industry Technologies, Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Lazarieva
- Department of Food Technology, Light Industry and Design, Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karazina, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Korolyova
- Department of Modern Health Technologies, Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karazina, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rai P, Prasad L, Mehta S, Yadav P, Sharma A, Mishra DN. Transcriptional, biochemical, and histochemical response of resistant and susceptible cultivars of Brassica juncea against Albugo candida infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1426302. [PMID: 39161953 PMCID: PMC11332608 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1426302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
White rust disease caused by a biotrophic oomycete Albugo candida is one of the most serious impediments in realizing the production potential of Brassica juncea. Due to the obligate nature of the pathogen, R-gene-based resistance is unstable as the newer virulent races emerge quickly. For this, a deep understanding of the molecular basis of resistance is essential for developing durable resistant varieties. In this study, we selected one susceptible cultivar, 'Pusa Jaikisan' and its single R gene based resistant NIL, 'Pusa Jaikisan WRR as the source of understanding the defense mechanism in B. juncea against A. candida. Comparative histochemical analysis at 12 dpi showed higher callose deposition in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible which hints towards its possible role in defense mechanism. Based on the biochemical markers observation, total protein was found to have a negative correlation with the resistance. The antioxidant enzymes (POX, CAT, and SOD) and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging compounds such as polyphenols and proline showed a positive correlation with the white rust resistance. Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) total chlorophyll and total carotenoids were also found to be more abundant in the 'Pusa Jaikisan WRR'. Based on the heat map analysis, PAL was identified to be the comparatively most induced enzyme involved in the defense mechanism. The polyphenol oxidase, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids were also found to show higher activity in the 'Pusa Jaikisan WRR'. Furthermore, to study the defense response of 'Pusa Jaikisan WRR' compared to 'Pusa Jaikisan' against A. candida infection, the gene expression analyses of salicylic acid (SA)-marker PR protein genes (PR1 and PR2) and jasmonic acid (JA)-marker PR protein genes (PR3 and PR12) were done by qRT-PCR. Based on the results, PR2 emerged as the best possible gene for defense against A. candida followed by PR1. PR3 and PR12 also showed positive correlation with the disease resistance which may be due to the JA pathway acting complementary to the SA pathway in case of B. juncea-A. candida interaction. This provides evidence for the JA-SA hormonal crosstalk to be synergistic in case of the white rust resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prajjwal Rai
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshman Prasad
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Samridhi Mehta
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Yadav
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, India
| | - Anubhuti Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, India
| | - Deep Narayan Mishra
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kozina N, Jukić I, Mihaljević Z, Matić A, Dobrivojević Radmilović M, Barić A, Drenjančević I. The Effect of High-Salt Diet on Oxidative Stress Production and Vascular Function in Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N Knockout and Wild Type (C57BL/6N) Mice. J Vasc Res 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39074455 DOI: 10.1159/000539614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well documented that high-salt (HS) diet increases systemic and vascular oxidative stress in various animal models and in humans, leading to impairment of vascular reactivity. The present study examined the interaction of genotype and HS diet intake and the potential effects of oxidative stress - antioxidative system balance on the flow-induced dilation (FID) in pressurized carotid arteries of normotensive Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) controls. METHODS Male, ten-week-old transgenic Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N (Tff3-/-) knockout mice and WT/C57BL/6N (WT) (parental strain) healthy mice were divided in LS (0.4% NaCl in rodent chow) and HS (4% NaCl in rodent chow fed for 1 week) groups. Additionally, LS and HS groups were treated with 1 mmol/L 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) dissolved in the drinking water. After anesthesia with ketamine chloride (100 mg/kg) and midazolam (5 mg/kg), blood pressure was measured, carotid arteries and aortas were isolated, and blood samples were collected. RESULTS FID was decreased in WT_HS mice and restored by superoxide scavenger TEMPOL in vivo. On the other hand, attenuated FID of Tff3-/- mice was not further affected by HS diet or TEMPOL in vivo treatment. Vascular superoxide/reactive oxygen species levels were increased with HS diet in both strains and restored by TEMPOL. HS upregulated glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) gene expression in WT_HS and Tff3-/-_HS mice, while GPx activity was significantly decreased only in WT_HS group. Systemic (serum) markers of oxidative stress (oxLDL and AOPP) and arterial blood pressure were similar among groups. CONCLUSION HS diet increases vascular oxidative stress and impairs vasodilation in WT mice. Tff3 gene deficiency attenuates vasodilation per se, without further effects of HS intake. This can be attributed to vascular upregulation of antioxidative enzyme GPx1 in Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N mice conferring protection from oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Kozina
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia,
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia,
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Anja Barić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kamenova K, Prancheva A, Radeva L, Yoncheva K, Zaharieva MM, Najdenski HM, Petrov PD. Nanosized Complexes of the Proteolytic Enzyme Serratiopeptidase with Cationic Block Copolymer Micelles Enhance the Proliferation and Migration of Human Cells. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:988. [PMID: 39204333 PMCID: PMC11358905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the preparation of the cationic block copolymer nanocarriers of the proteolytic enzyme serratiopeptidase (SER). Firstly, an amphiphilic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA9-b-PCL35-b-PDMAEMA9) triblock copolymer was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Then, cationic micellar nanocarriers consisting of a PCL hydrophobic core and a PDMAEMA hydrophilic shell were formed by the solvent evaporation method. SER was loaded into the polymeric micelles by electrostatic interaction between the positively charged micellar shell and the negatively charged enzyme molecules. The particle size, zeta potential, and colloid stability of complexes as a function of SER concentration were investigated by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. It was found that SER retained its proteolytic activity after immobilization in polymeric carriers. Moreover, the complexes have a concentration-dependent enhancing effect on the proliferation and migration of human keratinocyte HaCaT and gingival fibroblast HGF cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katya Kamenova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl.103 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Prancheva
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl.103 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Lyubomira Radeva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.R.); (K.Y.)
| | - Krassimira Yoncheva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.R.); (K.Y.)
| | - Maya M. Zaharieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.M.Z.); (H.M.N.)
| | - Hristo M. Najdenski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.M.Z.); (H.M.N.)
| | - Petar D. Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl.103 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.K.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bidgood CL, Philp LK, Rockstroh A, Lehman M, Nelson CC, Sadowski MC, Gunter JH. Targeting valine catabolism to inhibit metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:513. [PMID: 39025852 PMCID: PMC11258138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and energetic rewiring are hallmarks of cancer that fuel disease progression and facilitate therapy evasion. The remodelling of oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced lipogenesis have previously been characterised as key metabolic features of prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, succinate-dependent mitochondrial reprogramming was identified in high-grade prostate tumours, as well as upregulation of the enzymes associated with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism. In this study, we hypothesised that the degradation of the BCAAs, particularly valine, may play a critical role in anapleurotic refuelling of the mitochondrial succinate pool, as well as the maintenance of intracellular lipid metabolism. Through the suppression of BCAA availability, we report significantly reduced lipid content, strongly indicating that BCAAs are important lipogenic fuels in PCa. This work also uncovered a novel compensatory mechanism, whereby fatty acid uptake is increased in response to extracellular valine deprivation. Inhibition of valine degradation via suppression of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) resulted in a selective reduction of malignant prostate cell proliferation, decreased intracellular succinate and impaired cellular respiration. In combination with a comprehensive multi-omic investigation that incorporates next-generation sequencing, metabolomics, and high-content quantitative single-cell imaging, our work highlights a novel therapeutic target for selective inhibition of metabolic reprogramming in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Bidgood
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lisa K Philp
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie Lehman
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- University of Bern, Institute for Tissue Medicine and Pathology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aryanfar A, Dhara T, DasGupta S, Goddard WA. A dynamically equivalent atomistic electrochemical paradigm for the larger-scale experiments. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014707. [PMID: 38953452 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical systems possess a considerable part of modern technologies, such as the operation of rechargeable batteries and the fabrication of electronic components, which are explored both experimentally and computationally. The largest gap between the experimental observations and atomic-level simulations is their orders-of-magnitude scale difference. While the largest computationally affordable scale of the atomic-level computations is ∼ns and ∼nm, the smallest reachable scale in the typical experiments, using very high-precision devices, is ∼s and ∼μm. In order to close this gap and correlate the studies in the two scales, we establish an equivalent simulation setup for the given general experiment, which excludes the microstructure effects (i.e., solid-electrolyte interface), using the coarse-grained framework. The developed equivalent paradigm constitutes the adjusted values for the equivalent length scale (i.e., lEQ), diffusivity (i.e., DEQ), and voltage (i.e., VEQ). The time scale for the formation and relaxation of the concentration gradients in the vicinity of the electrode matches for both smaller scale (i.e., atomistic) equivalent simulations and the larger scale (i.e., continuum) experiments and could be utilized for exploring the cluster-level inter-ionic events that occur during the extended time periods. The developed model could offer insights for forecasting experiment dynamics and estimating the transition period to the steady-state regime of operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trina Dhara
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - William A Goddard
- California Institute of Technology, E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kalra J, Baker J, Sun X, Kyle A, Minchinton A, Bally MB. Accumulation of liposomes in metastatic tumor sites is not necessary for anti-cancer drug efficacy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:621. [PMID: 38961395 PMCID: PMC11223361 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment is profoundly heterogeneous particularly when comparing sites of metastases. Establishing the extent of this heterogeneity may provide guidance on how best to design lipid-based drug delivery systems to treat metastatic disease. Building on our previous research, the current study employs a murine model of metastatic cancer to explore the distribution of ~ 100 nm liposomes. METHODS Female NCr nude mice were inoculated with a fluorescently labeled, Her2/neu-positive, trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell line, JIMT-1mkate, either in the mammary fat pad to create an orthotopic tumor (OT), or via intracardiac injection (IC) to establish tumors throughout the body. Animals were dosed with fluorescent and radio-labeled liposomes. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescent imaging was used to track liposome distribution over a period of 48 h. Liposome distribution in orthotopic tumors was compared to sites of tumor growth that arose following IC injection. RESULTS A significant amount of inter-vessel heterogeneity for DiR distribution was observed, with most tumor blood vessels showing little to no presence of the DiR-labelled liposomes. Further, there was limited extravascular distribution of DiR liposomes in the perivascular regions around DiR-positive vessels. While all OT tumors contained at least some DiR-positive vessels, many metastases had very little or none. Despite the apparent limited distribution of liposomes within metastases, two liposomal drug formulations, Irinophore C and Doxil, showed similar efficacy for both the OT and IC JIMT-1mkate models. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that liposomal formulations achieve therapeutic benefits through mechanisms that extend beyond the enhanced permeability and retention effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalra
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Baker
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - XuXin Sun
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alastair Kyle
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Minchinton
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- NanoMedicine Innovation Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fletcher SMP, Zhang Y, Chisholm A, Martinez S, McDannold N. The impact of pulse repetition frequency on microbubble activity and drug delivery during focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:145002. [PMID: 38914104 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad5b47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Pulsed focused ultrasound (FUS) can deliver therapeutics to the brain by using intravenous microbubbles (MBs) to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB). MB emissions indicate treatment outcomes, like BBB opening (harmonics) and damage (broadband). Typically, a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 1 Hz is used, but the effect of PRF on MBs is not fully understood. We investigated the effect of PRF on MB activity and tracer delivery.Approach.The effect of PRF (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz) on MB activity was monitored through harmonic and wideband emissions during FUS sonications of the rat brain at 274.3 kHz. BBB opening was quantified through fluorescence imaging to estimate the concentration of Trypan Blue (TB) dye following a 75-pulse FUS exposure for PRFs of 1 and 0.25 Hz.Main results.At a fixed acoustic pressure, the percentage change in maximum harmonic amplitude compared to the control (PRF = 1 Hz) decreased with increasing PRF, with a median change of 73.8% at 0.125 Hz and -38.3% at 2 Hz. There was no difference in the pressure threshold for broadband emissions between PRFs of 0.25 and 1 Hz. PRF = 0.25 Hz, led to a 68.2% increase in the mean concentration of TB measured after FUS, with a 53.9% increase in the mean harmonic sum, compared with PRF = 1 Hz. Harmonic emissions-based control at PRF = 0.25 Hz yielded similar TB delivery, with less damage at histology, compared with 1 Hz.Significance.For a fixed number of FUS pulses, reducing the PRF was shown to increase the magnitude of harmonic emissions and TB delivery, but not the threshold for broadband emissions. While further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved, these results may be useful to improve clinical safety margins and sensitivity to detecting small harmonic signals from cavitating MBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stecia-Marie P Fletcher
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Amanda Chisholm
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sofia Martinez
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nathan McDannold
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eşmekaya MA, Gürsoy G, Coşkun A. The estimation of pore size distribution of electroporated MCF-7 cell membrane. Electromagn Biol Med 2024; 43:176-186. [PMID: 38900674 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2366272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The size of the pores created by external electrical pulses is important for molecule delivery into the cell. The size of pores and their distribution on the cell membrane determine the efficiency of molecule transport into the cell. There are very few studies visualizing the presence of electropores. In this study, we aimed to investigate the size distribution of electropores that were created by high intensity and short duration electrical pulses on MCF-7 cell membrane. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize and characterize the membrane pores created by the external electric field. Structural changes on the surface of the electroporated cell membrane was observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The size distribution of pore sizes was obtained by measuring the radius of 500 electropores. SEM imaging showed non-uniform patterning. The average radius of the electropores was 12 nm, 51.60% of pores were distributed within the range of 5 to 10 nm, and 81% of pores had radius below 15 nm. These results showed that microsecond (µs) high intensity electrical pulses cause the creation of heterogeneous nanopores on the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriç Arda Eşmekaya
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güney Gürsoy
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırsehır, Turkey
| | - Alaaddin Coşkun
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Caselli L, Parra-Ortiz E, Micciulla S, Skoda MWA, Häffner SM, Nielsen EM, van der Plas MJA, Malmsten M. Boosting Membrane Interactions and Antimicrobial Effects of Photocatalytic Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Peptide Coating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309496. [PMID: 38402437 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic nanoparticles offer antimicrobial effects under illumination due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), capable of degrading bacterial membranes. ROS may, however, also degrade human cell membranes and trigger toxicity. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may display excellent selectivity between human cells and bacteria, these may offer opportunities to effectively "target" nanoparticles to bacterial membranes for increased selectivity. Investigating this, photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are coated with the AMP LL-37, and ROS generation is found by C11-BODIPY to be essentially unaffected after AMP coating. Furthermore, peptide-coated TiO2 NPs retain their positive ζ-potential also after 1-2 h of UV illumination, showing peptide degradation to be sufficiently limited to allow peptide-mediated targeting. In line with this, quartz crystal microbalance measurements show peptide coating to promote membrane binding of TiO2 NPs, particularly so for bacteria-like anionic and cholesterol-void membranes. As a result, membrane degradation during illumination is strongly promoted for such membranes, but not so for mammalian-like membranes. The mechanisms of these effects are elucidated by neutron reflectometry. Analogously, LL-37 coating promoted membrane rupture by TiO2 NPs for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, but not for human monocytes. These findings demonstrate that AMP coating may selectively boost the antimicrobial effects of photocatalytic NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Caselli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Elisa Parra-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Novonesis, Biologiens Vej 2, Lyngby, DK-2800 Kgs, Denmark
| | - Samantha Micciulla
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, Grenoble Cedex 9, 38042, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Saint Martin d'Hères, 38402, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Maximilian W A Skoda
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sara Malekkhaiat Häffner
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Malvinas väg 3, Stockholm, 114 86, Sweden
| | | | | | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pu Y, Pu S, Chen Y, Kong Q, Liu X, Zhao Q, Xu K, Liu J, Li M, Xu X, Qiao X, Su B, Chen J, Yang Z. Weakened tanning ability is an important mechanism for evolutionary skin lightening in East Asians. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:703-713. [PMID: 38461943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of light-skin pigmentation among Eurasians is considered as an adaptation to the high-latitude environments. East Asians are ideal populations for studying skin color evolution because of the complex environment of East Asia. Here, we report a strong selection signal for the pigmentation gene phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) in light-skinned Han Chinese individuals. The intron mutation rs10778203 in PAH is enriched in East Asians and is significantly associated with skin color of the back of the hand in Han Chinese males (P < 0.05). In vitro luciferase and transcription factor binding assays show that the ancestral allele of rs10778203 could bind to SMAD2 and has a significant enhancer activity for PAH. However, the derived T allele (the major allele in East Asians) of rs10778203 decreases the binding activity of transcription factors and enhancer activity. Meanwhile, the derived T allele of rs10778203 shows a weaker ultraviolet radiation response in A375 cells and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, rs10778203 decreases melanin production in transgenic zebrafish embryos after ultraviolet B (UVB) treatment. Collectively, PAH is a potential pigmentation gene that regulates skin tanning ability. Natural selection has enriched the adaptive allele, resulting in weakened tanning ability in East Asians, suggesting a unique genetic mechanism for evolutionary skin lightening in East Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Pu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Siyu Pu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Qinghong Kong
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jiuming Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyang Qiao
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu CH, Chen CC, Huang CC, Chang PH, Chen YW, Tang YC, Lee TJ. Morphology, Not Only Volume: A Study on Empty Nose Syndrome and Inferior Turbinates. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:3060-3066. [PMID: 38520707 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is an underdiagnosed but burdensome clinical condition. Studies that have addressed the impact of remnant inferior turbinate volume (ITV) on ENS are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the impact of ITV and phenotyping on the severity and presentation of ENS. METHODS All the enrolled patients underwent the following subjective assessments: the ENS 6-Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q), Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-25 (SNOT-25), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The ITV was obtained from finely cut (1-mm-thick slices) sino-nasal computed tomography scan images and analyzed using ImageJ. The correlation between ITV, subjective measurements, and morphology of inferior turbinates was evaluated. ENS was categorized as torpedo type (balanced tissue volume) or pistol type (posterior dominance) based on the morphology. RESULTS Overall, 54 patients met the inclusion criteria. The ITV was positively correlated with the ENS6Q score and domain of ENS symptoms in SNOT-25. Neither BDI-II nor BAI scores had a significant correlation with ITV. Based on their morphological classification, the torpedo type exhibited diverse manifestations in the SNOT-25 analysis in response to changes in ITV, while the pistol type demonstrated an elevated rhinologic symptom burden and ENS-specific symptoms as their ITV increased. Nasal resistance did not correlate with the ITV in either type of ENS. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms were paradoxically worse in ENS patients with greater remnant ITV, and distinct morphological phenotypes in the nasal cavities may result in different presentations. Further investigation into the correlation between remnant inferior turbinates and nerve function is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3060-3066, 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Che Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Cheng Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang G, Lee SH, Cho M, Kim JH, Cho H, Kang H. Evaluation of RNA Secondary Stem-Loop Structures in the UTRs of Mouse Hepatitis Virus as New Therapeutic Targets. Pathogens 2024; 13:518. [PMID: 38921815 PMCID: PMC11206603 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
MHV-A59 is a beta-coronavirus that causes demyelinating encephalitis and hepatitis in mice. Recently, the mouse infection model of MHV-A59 has been used as an alternative animal infection model for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, aiding the development of new antiviral drugs. In this study, the MHV-A59 model was employed to investigate the potential of SARS-CoV-2 UTRs as new targets for antiviral drugs. Optimal targets within the MHV-A59 UTRs were identified using a shRNA and siRNA design tool, focusing on RNA secondary stem-loop (SL) structures in the UTRs. We then examined whether the designed RNAi constructs could inhibit MHV-A59 replication. In the 5'UTR, the stem-loop 1 (SL1) was identified as the most effective target, while in the 3'UTR, the minimal element for the initiation of negative-strand RNA synthesis (MIN) proved to be the most effective. Importantly, siRNAs targeting SL1 and MIN structures significantly reduced total RNA synthesis, negative-strand genomic RNA synthesis, subgenomic (sg) RNA synthesis, viral titer, and the plaque size of MHV-A59 compared to the control. Although not statistically significant, the combination of siSL1 and siMIN had a stronger effect on inhibiting MHV-A59 replication than either siRNA monotherapy. Interestingly, while the SL1 structure is present in both MHV and SARS-CoV-2, the MIN structure is unique to MHV. Thus, the SL1 of SARS-CoV-2 may represent a novel and promising target for RNAi-based antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyuhyun Kang
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (S.H.L.); (M.C.); (J.-h.K.)
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (S.H.L.); (M.C.); (J.-h.K.)
| | - Miyeon Cho
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (S.H.L.); (M.C.); (J.-h.K.)
| | - Ji-hyeon Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (S.H.L.); (M.C.); (J.-h.K.)
| | - Hyosun Cho
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojeung Kang
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (S.H.L.); (M.C.); (J.-h.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nguyen DH, Kim SH, Lee JS, Lee DS, Lee HS. Reaction-dependent optical behavior and theoretical perspectives of colloidal ZnSe quantum dots. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13982. [PMID: 38886547 PMCID: PMC11183152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are attracting research interest because of their unique optical properties that result from the quantum confinement effect. ZnSe QDs, which are II-VI semiconductors, offer a wide direct bandgap (2.7 eV), making them promising for applications such as light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and biomedical labeling. In the present work, colloidal ZnSe (QDs) were synthesized by the hot-injection method with a Zn:Se ratio of 1:1. The optical properties of ZnSe QDs obtained at different reaction times were investigated by spectrophotometric UV-vis absorption and emission measurements. The as-synthesized ZnSe QDs exhibit blue excitonic emission, and no defect emission was detected. Transmission electron micrographs indicated that the QDs have a spherical morphology with dimensions ranging from 3.69 to 4.53 nm. In particular, the Brus model was applied to demonstrate a correlation between the QD sizes and the optical bandgaps obtained from Tauc plots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duy Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Research Institute Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Kim
- Department of Physics, Research Institute Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sue Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Dong Su Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Lee
- Department of Physics, Research Institute Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang X, Hu T, Jiang Y, He Y, Li P, Peng W, Wang Y, Su W. Jingzhi Guanxin Oral Liquids Attenuate Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease via Modulating Lipid Metabolism and PPAR-Related Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:784. [PMID: 38931451 PMCID: PMC11206304 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Jingzhi Guanxin Oral Liquids (JZGX), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation prepared from the decoction of five herbs, has been utilized to relieve chest pain with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the chemical composition and therapeutic mechanisms of JZGX remain obscured. In this research, the potential targets and pathways of JZGX against CAD were anticipated through network pharmacology based on analyzing its chemical constituents using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. One hundred seven ingredients in JZGX were identified. The 39 active chemicals and 37 key targets were screened, and CAD-related signaling pathways were clustered, mainly associated with lipid metabolism. Subsequently, the atherosclerotic CAD animal model employing 24 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) ApoE-/- mice was constructed to investigate the JZGX efficacy and underlying mechanisms validating network forecasts. The histological staining examination and cardiovascular biomarker tests confirmed that JZGX reduced plaque formation in the aorta and decreased blood lipids in vivo. It featured anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and myocardial protective effects. JZGX prevented excessive lipid deposits and inflammation within the liver and exhibited hepatoprotective properties. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that JZGX ameliorated metabolic abnormalities in atherosclerotic CAD mice and prompted lipid metabolism, especially linoleic acid. The PPARs and attached critical targets (SREBP1, FASN, PTGS2, and CYP3A), filtered from the networks and connected with lipid metabolism, were dramatically modulated through JZGX administration, as revealed by western blotting. The molecular docking outcomes showed that all 39 active ingredients in JZGX had good binding activity with PPARα and PPARγ. These findings illustrate that JZGX alleviates atherosclerotic CAD progression by remodeling the lipid metabolism and regulating PPAR-related proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Borgio JF, Almandil NB, Selvaraj P, John JS, Alquwaie R, AlHasani E, Alhur NF, Aldahhan R, AlJindan R, Almohazey D, Almofty S, Dhas TS, AbdulAzeez S. The Potential of Dutasteride for Treating Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Infection. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:810. [PMID: 38931930 PMCID: PMC11207579 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel antifungal drugs are urgently needed to treat candidiasis caused by the emerging fungal multidrug-resistant pathogen Candida auris. In this study, the most cost-effective drug repurposing technology was adopted to identify an appropriate option among the 1615 clinically approved drugs with anti-C. auris activity. High-throughput virtual screening of 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase inhibitors was conducted, followed by an analysis of the stability of 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase drug complexes and 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase-dutasteride metabolite interactions and the confirmation of their activity in biofilm formation and planktonic growth. The analysis identified dutasteride, a drug with no prior antifungal indications, as a potential medication for anti-auris activity in seven clinical C. auris isolates from Saudi Arabian patients. Dutasteride was effective at inhibiting biofilm formation by C. auris while also causing a significant reduction in planktonic growth. Dutasteride treatment resulted in disruption of the cell membrane, the lysis of cells, and crushed surfaces on C. auris, and significant (p-value = 0.0057) shrinkage in the length of C. auris was noted at 100,000×. In conclusion, the use of repurposed dutasteride with anti-C. auris potential can enable rapid recovery in patients with difficult-to-treat candidiasis caused by C. auris and reduce the transmission of nosocomial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (J.F.B.); (N.F.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prathas Selvaraj
- Entomology Research Unit (ERU), Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627002, Tamil Nadu, India; (P.S.); (J.S.J.)
| | - J. Sherlin John
- Entomology Research Unit (ERU), Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627002, Tamil Nadu, India; (P.S.); (J.S.J.)
| | - Rahaf Alquwaie
- Master Program of Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia or (R.A.); or (E.A.)
| | - Eman AlHasani
- Master Program of Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia or (R.A.); or (E.A.)
| | - Norah F. Alhur
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (J.F.B.); (N.F.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Razan Aldahhan
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (J.F.B.); (N.F.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Reem AlJindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 40017, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (D.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sarah Almofty
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (D.A.); (S.A.)
| | - T. Stalin Dhas
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST—FIST Sponsored Centre), MoES-Earth Science & Technology Cell, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India;
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (J.F.B.); (N.F.A.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yue T, Guo Y, Qi X, Zheng W, Zhang H, Wang B, Liu K, Zhou B, Zeng X, Ouzhuluobu, He Y, Su B. Sex-biased regulatory changes in the placenta of native highlanders contribute to adaptive fetal development. eLife 2024; 12:RP89004. [PMID: 38869160 PMCID: PMC11175615 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared with lowlander migrants, native Tibetans have a higher reproductive success at high altitude though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we compared the transcriptome and histology of full-term placentas between native Tibetans and Han migrants. We found that the placental trophoblast shows the largest expression divergence between Tibetans and Han, and Tibetans show decreased immune response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Remarkably, we detected a sex-biased expression divergence, where the male-infant placentas show a greater between-population difference than the female-infant placentas. The umbilical cord plays a key role in the sex-biased expression divergence, which is associated with the higher birth weight of the male newborns of Tibetans. We also identified adaptive histological changes in the male-infant placentas of Tibetans, including larger umbilical artery wall and umbilical artery intima and media, and fewer syncytial knots. These findings provide valuable insights into the sex-biased adaptation of human populations, with significant implications for medical and genetic studies of human reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang HospitalKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Wangshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang HospitalKunmingChina
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuerui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang HospitalKunmingChina
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ghosh U, Tse E, Yang H, Shi M, Caro CD, Wang F, Merz GE, Prusiner SB, Southworth DR, Condello C. Cryo-EM structures reveal tau filaments from Down syndrome adopt Alzheimer's disease fold. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:94. [PMID: 38867338 PMCID: PMC11167798 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Among their complex clinical features, including musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular disabilities, individuals with DS have an increased risk of developing progressive dementia and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). This dementia is attributed to the increased gene dosage of the amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein gene, the formation of self-propagating Aβ and tau prion conformers, and the deposition of neurotoxic Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Tau amyloid fibrils have previously been established to adopt many distinct conformations across different neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we report the characterization of brain samples from four DS cases spanning 36-63 years of age by spectral confocal imaging with conformation-specific dyes and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of isolated tau fibrils. High-resolution structures revealed paired helical filament (PHF) and straight filament (SF) conformations of tau that were identical to those determined from AD cases. The PHFs and SFs are made of two C-shaped protofilaments, each containing a cross-β/β-helix motif. Similar to filaments from AD cases, most filaments from the DS cases adopted the PHF form, while a minority (approximately 20%) formed SFs. Samples from the youngest individual with no documented dementia had sparse tau deposits. To isolate tau for cryo-EM from this challenging sample we used a novel affinity-grid method involving a graphene oxide surface derivatized with anti-tau antibodies. This method improved isolation and revealed that primarily tau PHFs and a minor population of chronic traumatic encephalopathy type II-like filaments were present in this youngest case. These findings expand the similarities between AD and DS to the molecular level, providing insight into their related pathologies and the potential for targeting common tau filament folds by small-molecule therapeutics and diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjayini Ghosh
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Tse
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyunjun Yang
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie Shi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christoffer D Caro
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory E Merz
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang C, Tang H, Li T, Wu H, Gu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Li Y, Gu L, Zhang H. Integrating Physiological Features and Proteomic Analyses Provides New Insights in Blue/Red Light-Treated Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12859-12870. [PMID: 38780458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Bamboo is one of the most important nontimber forestry products in the world. Light is not only the most critical source of energy for plant photosynthesis but also involved in regulating the biological processes of plants. However, there are few reports on how blue/red light affects Moso bamboo. This study investigated the growth status and physiological responses of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) to blue/red light treatments. The growth status of the bamboo plants was evaluated, revealing that both blue- and red-light treatments promoted plant height and overall growth. Gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and enzyme activity were measured to assess the photosystem response of Moso bamboo to light treatments. Additionally, the blue light treatment led to a higher chlorophyll content and enzyme activities compared to the red light treatment. A tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics approach identified significant changes in protein abundance under different light conditions with specific response proteins associated with distinct pathways, such as photosynthesis and starch metabolism. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the physiological and proteomic responses of Moso bamboo to blue/red light treatments, highlighting their potential impact on growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haohao Tang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tuhe Li
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuying Gu
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liangzhen Zhao
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaxing Li
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hangxiao Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Eissa IH, G Yousef R, Elkady H, Alsfouk AA, Husein DZ, Ibrahim IM, El-Deeb N, Kenawy AM, Eldehna WM, Elkaeed EB, Metwaly AM. New apoptotic anti-triple-negative breast cancer theobromine derivative inhibiting EGFRWT and EGFR T790M: in silico and in vitro evaluation. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1153-1173. [PMID: 37162644 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new theobromine-derived EGFR inhibitor (2-(3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-1-yl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide) has been developed that has the essential structural characteristics to interact with EGFR's pocket. The designed compound is 2,6-di ortho methylphenyl)acetamide derivative of the well-known alkaloid, theobromine, (T-1-DOMPA). Firstly, deep DFT studies have been conducted to study the optimized chemical structure, molecular orbital and chemical reactivity analysis of T-1-DOMPA. Then, T-1-DOMPA's anticancer potentialities were estimated first through a structure-based computational approach. Utilizing molecular docking, molecular dynamics, MD, simulations over 100 ns, MM-PBSA and PLIP studies, T-1-DOMPA bonded to and inhibited the EGFR protein effectively. Subsequently, the ADMET profiles of T-1-DOMPA were computed before preparation, and its drug-likeness was anticipated. Therefore, T-1-DOMPA was prepared for the purposes of scrutinizing both the design and the results obtained in silico. The in vitro potential of T-1-DOMPA against triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA- MB-231, was very promising with an IC50 value of1.8 µM, comparable to the reference drug (0.9 µM), and a much higher selectivity index of 2.6. Interestingly, T-1-DOMPA inhibited three other cancer cell lines (CaCO-2, HepG-2, and A549) with IC50 values of 1.98, 2.53, and 2.39 µM exhibiting selectivity index values of 2,4, 1.9, and 2, respectively. Additionally, T-1-DOMPA prevented effectively the MDA-MB-231cell line's healing and migration abilities. Also, T-1-DOMPA's abilities to induce apoptosis were confirmed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining assay. Finally, T-1-DOMPA caused an up-regulation of the gene expression of the apoptotic gene, Caspase-3, in the treated MDA-MB-231cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Reda G Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Aisha A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Z Husein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, 72511, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Nehal El-Deeb
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kenawy
- Nucleic Acids Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hao M, Ling X, Sun Y, Wang X, Li W, Chang L, Zeng Z, Shi X, Niu M, Chen L, Liu T. Tracking endogenous proteins based on RNA editing-mediated genetic code expansion. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:721-731. [PMID: 38302606 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Protein labeling approaches are important to study proteins in living cells, and genome editing tools make it possible to tag endogenous proteins to address the concerns associated with overexpression. Here we established RNA editing-mediated noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) protein tagging (RENAPT) to site-specifically label endogenous proteins with ncAAs in living cells. RENAPT labels protein in a temporary and nonheritable manner and is not restricted by protospacer adjacent motif sequence. Using a fluorescent ncAA or ncAA with a bio-orthogonal reaction handle for subsequent dye labeling, we demonstrated that a variety of endogenous proteins can be imaged at their specific subcellular locations. In addition, two proteins can be tagged individually and simultaneously using two different ncAAs. Furthermore, endogenous ion channels and neuron-specific proteins can be real-time labeled in primary neurons. Thus, RENAPT presents a promising platform with broad applicability for tagging endogenous proteins in living cells to study their localization and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
de Souza TR, Zancope BR, de Sousa ET, Parisotto TM, Rocha Marques M, Nobre dos Santos M. Sucrose rinse modulates the salivary behavior of carbonic anhydrase VI and its buffering capacity: a longitudinal study in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17429. [PMID: 38827285 PMCID: PMC11144396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the CA VI function, diminishing its capacity to regulate pH effectively and potentially exacerbating cariogenic challenges. This 1-year cohort study sought to investigate the enzymatic activity of salivary CA VI and buffering capacity following a 20% sucrose rinse in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. Method This research involved 46 volunteers categorized into three groups based on their caries status after follow-up: caries-free (CFee), arrested caries (CArrested), and caries active (CActive). Children underwent visible biofilm examination and saliva collection for salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and CA VI analyses before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. Results A reduction in the buffering capacity was observed after sucrose rinse in all groups. The CA VI activity decreased significantly in CFee and CArrested groups after sucrose rinse, although it did not change in the CActive group. An improvement in the buffering capacity and salivary flow rate was found at follow-up when compared with the baseline. After 1-year follow-up, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate increased in all groups, whilst the CA VI activity reduced only in CFree and CArrested children. Conclusion Sucrose rinse universally reduces the salivary buffering capacity, while caries activity may disrupt CA VI activity response during a cariogenic challenge. After a year, increased salivary flow enhances buffering capacity but not CA VI activity in caries-active children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Rodrigues de Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Raquel Zancope
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Manzano Parisotto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, São Francisco University Dental School, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre dos Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gao X, Xuan Y, Zhou Z, Chen C, Wen Wang D, Wen Z. Ivermectin ameliorates acute myocarditis via the inhibition of importin-mediated nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112073. [PMID: 38636372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is an important clinical issue which lacks specific treatment by now. Ivermectin (IVM) is an inhibitor of importin α/β-mediated nuclear translocation. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of IVM on acute myocarditis. METHODS Mouse models of coxsackie B3 virus (CVB3) infection-induced myocarditis and experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) were established to evaluate the effects of IVM. Cardiac functions were evaluated by echocardiography and Millar catheter. Cardiac inflammatory infiltration was assessed by histological staining. Cytometric bead array and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The macrophages and their M1/M2 polarization were analyzed via flow cytometry. Protein expression and binding were detected by co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and histological staining. The underlying mechanism was verified in vitro using CVB3-infected RAW264.7 macrophages. Cyclic polypeptide (cTN50) was synthesized to selectively inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65, and CVB3-infected RAW264.7 cells were treated with cTN50. RESULTS Increased expression of importin β was observed in both models. IVM treatment improved cardiac functions and reduced the cardiac inflammation associated with CVB3-myocarditis and EAM. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α) levels were downregulated via the inhibition of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 in macrophages. IVM and cTN50 treatment also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Ivermectin inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and the expression of major pro-inflammatory cytokines in myocarditis. The therapeutic effects of IVM on viral and non-viral myocarditis models suggest its potential application in the treatment of acute myocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Yunling Xuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ghosh U, Tse E, Yang H, Shi M, Carlo CD, Wang F, Merz GE, Prusiner SB, Southworth DR, Condello C. Cryo-EM Structures Reveal Tau Filaments from Down Syndrome Adopt Alzheimer's Disease Fold. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587507. [PMID: 38617229 PMCID: PMC11014571 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Among the complex clinical features including musculoskeletal, neurological and cardiovascular disabilities, individuals with DS have an increased risk of developing progressive dementia and early onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This is attributed to the increased gene dosage of amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein gene, the formation of self-propagating Aβ and tau prion conformers, and the deposition of neurotoxic Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Tau amyloid fibrils have previously been established to adopt many distinct conformations across different neurodegenerative conditions. Here we report the characterization of brain samples from four DS cases spanning 36 to 63 years of age by spectral confocal imaging with conformation-specific dyes and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of isolated tau fibrils. High-resolution structures reveal paired helical filament (PHF) and straight filament (SF) conformations of tau that are identical to those determined from AD. The PHFs and SFs are made of two C-shaped protofilaments with a cross-β/β-helix motif. Similar to filaments from AD cases, most filaments from the DS cases adopted the PHF form, while a minority (~20%) formed SFs. Samples from the youngest individual with no documented dementia had sparse tau deposits. To isolate tau for cryo-EM from this challenging sample we used a novel affinity-grid method involving a graphene-oxide surface derivatized with anti-tau antibodies. This improved isolation and revealed primarily tau PHFs and a minor population of chronic traumatic encephalopathy type II-like filaments were present in this youngest case. These findings expand the similarities between AD and DS to the molecular level, providing insight into their related pathologies and the potential for targeting common tau filament folds by small-molecule therapeutics and diagnostics.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sala-Cholewa K, Tomasiak A, Nowak K, Piński A, Betekhtin A. DNA methylation analysis of floral parts revealed dynamic changes during the development of homostylous Fagopyrum tataricum and heterostylous F. esculentum flowers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:448. [PMID: 38783206 PMCID: PMC11112930 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper flower development is essential for plant reproduction, a crucial aspect of the plant life cycle. This process involves precisely coordinating transcription factors, enzymes, and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation, a ubiquitous and heritable epigenetic mechanism, is pivotal in regulating gene expression and shaping chromatin structure. Fagopyrum esculentum demonstrates anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, and neuroprotective properties. However, the heteromorphic heterostyly observed in F. esculentum poses a significant challenge in breeding efforts. F. tataricum has better resistance to high altitudes and harsh weather conditions such as drought, frost, UV-B radiation damage, and pests. Moreover, F. tataricum contains significantly higher levels of rutin and other phenolics, more flavonoids, and a balanced amino acid profile compared to common buckwheat, being recognised as functional food, rendering it an excellent candidate for functional food applications. RESULTS This study aimed to compare the DNA methylation profiles between the Pin and Thrum flower components of F. esculentum, with those of self-fertile species of F. tataricum, to understand the potential role of this epigenetic mechanism in Fagopyrum floral development. Notably, F. tataricum flowers are smaller than those of F. esculentum (Pin and Thrum morphs). The decline in DNA methylation levels in the developed open flower components, such as petals, stigmas and ovules, was consistent across both species, except for the ovule in the Thrum morph. Conversely, Pin and Tartary ovules exhibited a minor decrease in DNA methylation levels. The highest DNA methylation level was observed in Pin stigma from closed flowers, and the most significant decrease was in Pin stigma from open flowers. In opposition, the nectaries of open flowers exhibited higher levels of DNA methylation than those of closed flowers. The decrease in DNA methylation might correspond with the downregulation of genes encoding methyltransferases. CONCLUSIONS Reduced overall DNA methylation and the expression of genes associated with these epigenetic markers in fully opened flowers of both species may indicate that demethylation is necessary to activate the expression of genes involved in floral development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sala-Cholewa
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska St, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Alicja Tomasiak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska St, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska St, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Artur Piński
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska St, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Alexander Betekhtin
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska St, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xie X, Valiente PA, Kim J, Kim PM. HelixDiff, a Score-Based Diffusion Model for Generating All-Atom α-Helical Structures. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1001-1011. [PMID: 38799672 PMCID: PMC11117309 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present HelixDiff, a score-based diffusion model for generating all-atom helical structures. We developed a hot spot-specific generation algorithm for the conditional design of α-helices targeting critical hotspot residues in bioactive peptides. HelixDiff generates α-helices with near-native geometries for most test scenarios with root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) less than 1 Å. Significantly, HelixDiff outperformed our prior GAN-based model with regard to sequence recovery and Rosetta scores for unconditional and conditional generations. As a proof of principle, we employed HelixDiff to design an acetylated GLP-1 D-peptide agonist that activated the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) cAMP accumulation without stimulating the glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R). We predicted that this D-peptide agonist has a similar orientation to GLP-1 and is substantially more stable in MD simulations than our earlier D-GLP-1 retro-inverse design. This D-peptide analogue is highly resistant to protease degradation and induces similar levels of AKT phosphorylation in HEK293 cells expressing GLP-1R compared to the native GLP-1. We then discovered that matching crucial hotspots for the GLP-1 function is more important than the sequence orientation of the generated D-peptides when constructing D-GLP-1 agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Xie
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Pedro A Valiente
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jisun Kim
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Philip M Kim
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Radeva L, Yordanov Y, Spassova I, Kovacheva D, Tibi IPE, Zaharieva MM, Kaleva M, Najdenski H, Petrov PD, Tzankova V, Yoncheva K. Incorporation of Resveratrol-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complexes into Hydrogel Formulation for Wound Treatment. Gels 2024; 10:346. [PMID: 38786263 PMCID: PMC11121020 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol could be applied in wound healing therapies because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the main limitation of resveratrol is its low aqueous solubility. In this study, resveratrol was included in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes and further formulated in Pluronic F-127 hydrogels for wound treatment therapy. IR-spectroscopy and XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of resveratrol into complexes. The wound-healing ability of these complexes was estimated by a scratch assay on fibroblasts, which showed a tendency for improvement of the effect of resveratrol after complexation. The antimicrobial activity of resveratrol in aqueous dispersion and in the complexes was evaluated on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans strains. The results revealed a twofold decrease in the MIC and stronger inhibition of the metabolic activity of MRSA after treatment with resveratrol in the complexes compared to the suspended drug. Furthermore, the complexes were included in Pluronic hydrogel, which provided efficient drug release and appropriate viscoelastic properties. The formulated hydrogel showed excellent biocompatibility which was confirmed via skin irritation test on rabbits. In conclusion, Pluronic hydrogel containing resveratrol included in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes is a promising topical formulation for further studies directed at wound therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyubomira Radeva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Yordanov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Spassova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Kovacheva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Maya M. Zaharieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mila Kaleva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar D. Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yoshida S, Nakamura S, Saita K, Oya S, Ogihara S. Differences in the Demographics and Clinical Characteristics between the Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament and Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum in Patients Who Underwent Thoracic Spinal Surgery for Compressive Myelopathy. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2024; 64:184-191. [PMID: 38403719 PMCID: PMC11153844 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) are related diseases associated with the ossification of spinal ligaments that can occasionally lead to thoracic myelopathy. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 34 consecutive patients who underwent thoracic spinal surgeries for OPLL and/or OLF at our hospital between July 2010 and June 2022, and statistically compared data between patients with thoracic OPLL (TOPLL; n = 12) and those with thoracic OLF (TOLF; n = 22). The mean age of the TOPLL group was significantly lower than that of the TOLF group (53.7 vs. 68.4 years). The TOPLL group exhibited a greater female predominance than the TOLF group (58.3% vs. 18.2%). The median body mass index of the TOPLL group was significantly higher than that of the TOLF group (33.0 vs. 26.0 kg/m2). Patients with TOPLL significantly required instrumented fusion and repetitive surgical intervention more than those with TOLF (83.3% vs. 9.1%; 50.0% vs. 0.0%). Although neurological deterioration just after the intervention was more common in patients with TOPLL (41.7% vs. 4.6%), no difference was observed in thoracic Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and recovery rate in the chronic phase between TOPLL and TOLF. The TOPLL group had a younger onset, female dominance, and a greater degree of obesity when compared with the TOLF group. The surgery for TOPLL is challenging, considering that it requires long-range decompression and fusion, subsequent operations, careful management, and long-term follow-up, when compared to TOLF, which necessitates only simple decompression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Sho Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazuo Saita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Soichi Oya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Satoshi Ogihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alhogail S, Chinnappan R, Suaifan GA, Abu-Salah KM, Al-Kattan K, Cialla-May D, Jürgen P, Zourob MM. Rapid Colorimetric Quantita2tive Portable Platform for Detection of Brucella melitensis Based on a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assay and Nanomagnetic Particles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20997-21005. [PMID: 38764637 PMCID: PMC11097372 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease that requires major attention for both health and financial facilities in many parts of the world including the Mediterranean and the Middle East. The existing gold standard diagnosis relies on the culturing technique, which is costly and time-consuming with a duration of up to 45 days. The Brucella protease biosensor represents a new detection approach that will lead to low-cost point-of-care devices for sensitive Brucella detection. In addition, the described diagnostic device is portable and simple to operate by a nurse or non-skilled clinician making it appropriate for the low-resource setting. In this study, we rely on the total extracellular protease proteolytic activity on specific peptide sequences identified using the FRET assay by high-throughput screening from the library of peptide (96 short peptides such as dipeptides and tripeptides) substrates for Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis). The B. melitensis-specific protease substrate was utilized in the development of the paper-based colorimetric assay. Two specific and highly active dipeptide substrates were identified (FITC-Ahx-K-r-K-Ahx-DABCYL and FITC-Ahx-R-r-K-Ahx-DABCYL). The peptide-magnetic bead nanoprobe sensors developed based on these substrates were able to detect the Brucella with LOD as low as 1.5 × 102 and 1.5 × 103 CFU/mL using K-r dipeptide and R-r dipeptide substrates, respectively, as the recognition element. The samples were tested using this sensor in few minutes. Cross-reactivity studies confirmed that the other proteases extracted from closely related pathogens have no significant effect on the sensor. To the best of our knowledge, this assay is the first assay that can be used with low-cost, rapid, direct, and visual detection of B. melitensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Alhogail
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud
University, Ad Diriyah
District, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raja Chinnappan
- Department
of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al
Takhassusi Rd., Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer A.R.Y. Suaifan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Khalid M. Abu-Salah
- Department
of Nanomedicine, King Abdullah International
Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health
Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Al-Kattan
- College
of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al
Takhassusi Rd., Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Lung
Health Centre, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
- Center
for Applied Research, InfectoGnostics Research
Campus Jena, Philosophenweg
7, Jena 07743, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Popp Jürgen
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
- Center
for Applied Research, InfectoGnostics Research
Campus Jena, Philosophenweg
7, Jena 07743, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Mohammed M. Zourob
- Department
of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al
Takhassusi Rd., Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rey Redondo E, Xu Y, Yung CCM. Genomic characterisation and ecological distribution of Mantoniella tinhauana: a novel Mamiellophycean green alga from the Western Pacific. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358574. [PMID: 38774501 PMCID: PMC11106453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mamiellophyceae are dominant marine algae in much of the ocean, the most prevalent genera belonging to the order Mamiellales: Micromonas, Ostreococcus and Bathycoccus, whose genetics and global distributions have been extensively studied. Conversely, the genus Mantoniella, despite its potential ecological importance, remains relatively under-characterised. In this study, we isolated and characterised a novel species of Mamiellophyceae, Mantoniella tinhauana, from subtropical coastal waters in the South China Sea. Morphologically, it resembles other Mantoniella species; however, a comparative analysis of the 18S and ITS2 marker genes revealed its genetic distinctiveness. Furthermore, we sequenced and assembled the first genome of Mantoniella tinhauana, uncovering significant differences from previously studied Mamiellophyceae species. Notably, the genome lacked any detectable outlier chromosomes and exhibited numerous unique orthogroups. We explored gene groups associated with meiosis, scale and flagella formation, shedding light on species divergence, yet further investigation is warranted. To elucidate the biogeography of Mantoniella tinhauana, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using global metagenomic read mapping to the newly sequenced genome. Our findings indicate this species exhibits a cosmopolitan distribution with a low-level prevalence worldwide. Understanding the intricate dynamics between Mamiellophyceae and the environment is crucial for comprehending their impact on the ocean ecosystem and accurately predicting their response to forthcoming environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charmaine Cheuk Man Yung
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Heussner RT, Whalen RM, Anderson A, Theison H, Baik J, Gibbs S, Wong MH, Chang YH. Quantitative image analysis pipeline for detecting circulating hybrid cells in immunofluorescence images with human-level accuracy. Cytometry A 2024; 105:345-355. [PMID: 38385578 PMCID: PMC11217923 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Circulating hybrid cells (CHCs) are a newly discovered, tumor-derived cell population found in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and are thought to contribute to tumor metastasis. However, identifying CHCs by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a time-consuming and subjective process that currently relies on manual annotation by laboratory technicians. Additionally, while IF is relatively easy to apply to tissue sections, its application to PBMC smears presents challenges due to the presence of biological and technical artifacts. To address these challenges, we present a robust image analysis pipeline to automate the detection and analysis of CHCs in IF images. The pipeline incorporates quality control to optimize specimen preparation protocols and remove unwanted artifacts, leverages a β-variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn meaningful latent representations of single-cell images, and employs a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to achieve human-level CHC detection. We created a rigorously labeled IF CHC data set including nine patients and two disease sites with the assistance of 10 annotators to evaluate the pipeline. We examined annotator variation and bias in CHC detection and provided guidelines to optimize the accuracy of CHC annotation. We found that all annotators agreed on CHC identification for only 65% of the cells in the data set and had a tendency to underestimate CHC counts for regions of interest (ROIs) containing relatively large amounts of cells (>50,000) when using the conventional enumeration method. On the other hand, our proposed approach is unbiased to ROI size. The SVM classifier trained on the β-VAE embeddings achieved an F1 score of 0.80, matching the average performance of human annotators. Our pipeline enables researchers to explore the role of CHCs in cancer progression and assess their potential as a clinical biomarker for metastasis. Further, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify discrete cellular phenotypes among PBMCs, highlighting its utility beyond CHCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Heussner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Riley M. Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashley Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Heather Theison
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph Baik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Summer Gibbs
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Komori H, Rastogi G, Bugay JP, Luo H, Lin S, Angers S, Smibert CA, Lipshitz HD, Lee CY. Post-transcriptional regulatory pre-complex assembly drives timely cell-state transitions during differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591706. [PMID: 38746105 PMCID: PMC11092521 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Complexes that control mRNA stability and translation promote timely cell-state transitions during differentiation by ensuring appropriate expression patterns of key developmental regulators. The Drosophila RNA-binding protein Brain tumor (Brat) promotes degradation of target transcripts during the maternal-to-zygotic transition in syncytial embryos and in uncommitted intermediate neural progenitors (immature INPs). We identified Ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (Usp5) as a Brat interactor essential for the degradation of Brat target mRNAs in both cell types. Usp5 promotes Brat-dedadenylase pre-complex assembly in mitotic neural stem cells (neuroblasts) by bridging Brat and the scaffolding components of deadenylase complexes lacking their catalytic subunits. The adaptor protein Miranda binds the RNA-binding domain of Brat, limiting its ability to bind target mRNAs in mitotic neuroblasts. Cortical displacement of Miranda activates Brat-mediated mRNA decay in immature INPs. We propose that the assembly of an enzymatically inactive and RNA-binding-deficient pre-complex poises mRNA degradation machineries for rapid activation driving timely developmental transitions.
Collapse
|
40
|
Rodriguez HM, Martyniuk M, Iyer KS, Ciampi S. Insulator-on-Conductor Fouling Amplifies Aqueous Electrolysis Rates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10299-10311. [PMID: 38591156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The chemical industry is a major consumer of fossil fuels. Several chemical reactions of practical value proceed with the gain or loss of electrons, opening a path to integrate renewable electricity into chemical manufacturing. However, most organic molecules have low aqueous solubility, causing green and cheap electricity-driven reactions to suffer from intrinsically low reaction rates in industry's solvent of choice: water. Here, we show that a strategic, partial electrode fouling with hydrophobic insulators (oils and plastics) offsets kinetic limitations caused by poor reactant solubility, opening a new path for the direct integration of renewable electricity into the production of commodity chemicals. Through electrochemiluminescence microscopy, we reveal for the oxidation of organic reactants up to 6-fold reaction rate increase at the "fouled" oil-electrolyte-electrode interface relative to clean electrolyte-electrode areas. Analogously, electrodes partially masked (fouled) with plastic patterns, deposited either photolithographically (photoresists) or manually (inexpensive household glues and sealants), outperform clean electrodes. The effect is not limited to reactants of limited water solubility, and, for example, net gold electrodeposition rates are up to 22% larger at fouled than clean electrodes. In a system involving a surface-active reactant, rate augmentation is driven by the synergy between insulator-confined reactant enrichment and insulator-induced current crowding, whereas only the latter and possibly localized decrease in iR drop near the insulator are relevant in a system composed of non-surface-active species. Our counterintuitive electrode design enhances electrolysis rates despite the diminished area of intimate electrolyte-electrode contact and introduces a new path for upscaling aqueous electrochemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Morris Rodriguez
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Mariusz Martyniuk
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Killugudi Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bu X, Zhao W, Zou H, Li W, Li M, Wang G. Immune response and apoptosis of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) gills to Chilodonella hexasticha infection: Insights from histopathological and multi-omics analyses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109429. [PMID: 38342413 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is an important economically farmed fish in China. Chilodonella hexasticha parasitizes on the gills and fins of host fish, causing disruption to their normal respiration and movement, ultimately resulting in death of the fish. In this study, a combination of histopathological, immunohistochemical, transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), multi-omics, and molecular approaches were employed to identify the immune reaction and cell apoptosis in gill tissue in response to C. hexasticha infection. Significant lamellae fusion, hyperplasia, hyperemia, necrosis, and desquamation of infected gibel carp gills were observed. In total, the expression of 3619 genes was higher, and 3143 lower, for gills in the infected group compared to the control group. Furthermore, 76 metabolites were significantly increased and 105 were significantly decreased in the infected group compared with the control group. From the qRT-PCR analysis results, immune system-related genes encoding IL-8, CXCL8a, and CXC11 were significantly up-regulated in infected gibel carp, while ZAP70 was significantly down-regulated. Immunohistochemical results also showed the down-regulated ZAP70 in the infected group. Apoptosis-related genes encoding CASP3 and Mcl-1b were up-regulated in response to C. hexasticha infection. These genes indicate the activation of CASP family-related apoptosis and Bim-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. TUNEL assays also revealed severe apoptosis in the infected group. Based on this study's results, it can be concluded that C. hexasticha infection leads to histopathological changes in the gills of infected fish, and induces both a significant immune response and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xialian Bu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS), and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weishan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS), and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS), and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS), and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS), and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
| | - Guitang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS), and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Borrelli G, Albiero M, Jastifer J. Anatomy of the Naviculocuneiform Joint Complex. FOOT & ANKLE ORTHOPAEDICS 2024; 9:24730114241245396. [PMID: 38601321 PMCID: PMC11005504 DOI: 10.1177/24730114241245396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to quantify the articular surfaces of the naviculocuneiform (NC) joint to help clinicians better understand common pathologies observed such as navicular stress fractures and arthrodesis nonunions. Methods Twenty cadaver NC joints were dissected and the articular cartilage of the navicular, medial, middle, and lateral cuneiforms were quantified by calibrated digital imaging software. Statistical analysis included calculating the mean cartilage surface area dimensions of the distal navicular and proximal cuneiform bones. Length measurements on the navicular were obtained to estimate the geographic location of the interfacet ridges. Lastly, all facets of the articular surfaces were described in regard to the shape and location of cartilaginous or fibrous components. Results were compared using Student t tests. Results Navicular cartilage was present over 75.4% of the surface area of the proximal NC joint, compared with 72.6% of combined cuneiform cartilage distally. The mean height of the deepest (dorsal-plantar) measurement of navicular articular cartilage was 18 ± 3 mm. The mean heights of the distal medial, middle, and lateral cuneiform articular facets were 15 ± 1 mm, 17 ± 2 mm, and 15 ± 2 mm, respectively. Conclusion There is significant variation among the articular surfaces of the NC joint. Additionally, the central third of the navicular was calculated to lie in the inter-facet ridge between the medial and middle articular facets of the navicular. Clinical Relevance Surgeons may consider this study data when performing joint preparation for NC arthrodesis as cartilage was present to a mean depth of 18 mm at the NC joint. Additionally, this study demonstrates that the central third of the navicular, where most navicular stress fractures occur, lies in the interfacet ridge between the medial and middle articular facets of the navicular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Borrelli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Maxwell Albiero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - James Jastifer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rata DM, Cadinoiu AN, Atanase LI, Popa M, Mihai CT, Vochita G. Peptide-functionalized chitosan-based microcapsules for dual active targeted treatment of lung infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131027. [PMID: 38518936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Lung infections, such as: pneumonia, chronic obstructive cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis are generally caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi. As these infections are very difficult to treat, new therapeutic approaches are investigated in order to maximize the efficiency of the treatment and to reduce the major complications that can occur. The main objective of this study was focused on the preparation of drug-loaded peptides-functionalized microcapsules, obtained by a double emulsion, based on carboxylated chitosan (CMCS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and an activator [4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride] (DMT-MM), for the dual active targeting and treatment of pulmonary infections. The microcapsules were functionalized on the surface with both CGSPGWVRC and indolicidin (IN) peptides, as effective ligands for the active targeting of both alveolar capillary endothelial cells and bacterial cells. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ester and amide bonds into the structure of prepared microcapsules. Microcapsules diameter varied between 893 and 965 nm. The swelling degree in PBS, at pH 7.4, ranged between 1760 %- 2100 %. All the analyzed samples showed hemolysis degrees lower than 2 %, which demonstrated their non-hemolytic character. Evaluation of the impact of microcapsules on WI-38 normal human lung cells and RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages revealed a non-toxic or slightly cytotoxic effect. Internalization assay proved that microcapsules were localized at intracellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Mihaela Rata
- "Apollonia" University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- "Apollonia" University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511, Iasi, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, Sector 5, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcel Popa
- "Apollonia" University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511, Iasi, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, Sector 5, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Teodor Mihai
- NIRDBS - Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Lascar Catargi 47, Iasi 700107, Romania; Praxis Medical Investigations, Moara de Vant St. 35, 700376 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Vochita
- NIRDBS - Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Lascar Catargi 47, Iasi 700107, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Carlson DL, Kowalewski M, Bodoor K, Lietzan AD, Hughes PF, Gooden D, Loiselle DR, Alcorta D, Dingman Z, Mueller EA, Irnov I, Modla S, Chaya T, Caplan J, Embers M, Miller JC, Jacobs-Wagner C, Redinbo MR, Spector N, Haystead TAJ. Targeting Borrelia burgdorferi HtpG with a berserker molecule, a strategy for anti-microbial development. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:465-476.e12. [PMID: 37918401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional antimicrobial discovery relies on targeting essential enzymes in pathogenic organisms, contributing to a paucity of new antibiotics to address resistant strains. Here, by targeting a non-essential enzyme, Borrelia burgdorferi HtpG, to deliver lethal payloads, we expand what can be considered druggable within any pathogen. We synthesized HS-291, an HtpG inhibitor tethered to the photoactive toxin verteporfin. Reactive oxygen species, generated by light, enables HS-291 to sterilize Borrelia cultures by causing oxidation of HtpG, and a discrete subset of proteins in proximity to the chaperone. This caused irreversible nucleoid collapse and membrane blebbing. Tethering verteporfin to the HtpG inhibitor was essential, since free verteporfin was not retained by Borrelia in contrast to HS-291. For this reason, we liken HS-291 to a berserker, wreaking havoc upon the pathogen's biology once selectively absorbed and activated. This strategy expands the druggable pathogenic genome and offsets antibiotic resistance by targeting non-essential proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dave L Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Mark Kowalewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, 3(rd) Floor, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khaldon Bodoor
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Adam D Lietzan
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 385 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - David Gooden
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - David R Loiselle
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - David Alcorta
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Zoey Dingman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mueller
- Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Irnov Irnov
- Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Shannon Modla
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Tim Chaya
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Jeffrey Caplan
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Monica Embers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Jennifer C Miller
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc, P.O. Box 14346 7020 Kit Creek Road, Ste 130, Research Triangle Park, Raliegh, NC 27709, USA
| | - Christine Jacobs-Wagner
- Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; Biology Department, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, 3(rd) Floor, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, 250 Bell Tower Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Neil Spector
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ghosh SK, Man Y, Fraiwan A, Waters C, McKenzie C, Lu C, Pfau D, Kawsar H, Bhaskaran N, Pandiyan P, Jin G, Briggs F, Zender CC, Rezaee R, Panagakos F, Thuener JE, Wasman J, Tang A, Qari H, Wise-Draper T, McCormick TS, Madabhushi A, Gurkan UA, Weinberg A. Beta-defensin index: A functional biomarker for oral cancer detection. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101447. [PMID: 38442713 PMCID: PMC10983043 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for a non-invasive and cost-effective test for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that informs clinicians when a biopsy is warranted. Human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3), an epithelial cell-derived anti-microbial peptide, is pro-tumorigenic and overexpressed in early-stage OSCC compared to hBD-2. We validate this expression dichotomy in carcinoma in situ and OSCC lesions using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The proportion of hBD-3/hBD-2 levels in non-invasively collected lesional cells compared to contralateral normal cells, obtained by ELISA, generates the beta-defensin index (BDI). Proof-of-principle and blinded discovery studies demonstrate that BDI discriminates OSCC from benign lesions. A multi-center validation study shows sensitivity and specificity values of 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 90.3-99.9) and 82.6% (95% CI 68.6-92.2), respectively. A proof-of-principle study shows that BDI is adaptable to a point-of-care assay using microfluidics. We propose that BDI may fulfill a major unmet need in low-socioeconomic countries where pathology services are lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Ghosh
- Biological Sciences, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Yuncheng Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arwa Fraiwan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Crist McKenzie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cheng Lu
- Center for Computational Imaging & Personalized Diagnostics, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Pfau
- School of Medicine, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hameem Kawsar
- Biological Sciences, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Biological Sciences, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pushpa Pandiyan
- Biological Sciences, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ge Jin
- Biological Sciences, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Farren Briggs
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chad C Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rod Rezaee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fotinos Panagakos
- West Virginia University (WVU) School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jason E Thuener
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jay Wasman
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hiba Qari
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, WVU School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Trisha Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Anant Madabhushi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umut A Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Biological Sciences, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Laber C, Scircle AR, Mouton ZP, Thornell T, Antony A, Jurss JW, Glasscott MW. Tunable High Entropy Lanthanide Oxide Microspheres via Confined Electroprecipitation in Emulsion Droplet Scaffolds. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:179-184. [PMID: 38496052 PMCID: PMC10941274 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Emergent high entropy nanomaterials and their associated complex surface structure hold promise to unlock unique catalytic intermediate pathways and photonic/plasmonic interactions; however, synthetic strategies to tune the size, morphological, and stoichiometric properties remain limited. This work demonstrates a confined electro-precipitation mechanism for the formation of tunable, high-entropy oxide microspheres within emulsion droplet scaffolds. This mechanism complements a traditional confined electrodeposition mechanism and explains the previously observed anomalous formation of thermodynamically unfavorable particles, including lanthanide species. Mass transfer studies reveal that microsphere coverage over a surface may be tuned and modeled by using a time-dependent modified Levich equation. Additionally, morphological tuning was demonstrated as a function of experimental conditions, such as rotation rate and precursor concentration. Finally, extension to multimetallic species permitted the generation of high-entropy lanthanide oxide microspheres, which were confirmed to have equimolar stoichiometries via energy dispersive spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This novel method promises to generate tunable, complex oxides with applications to thermal catalysis, optics, and applications yet unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles
H. Laber
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Austin R. Scircle
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Zachary P. Mouton
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Travis Thornell
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geotechnical and Structures
Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Ashly Antony
- The
University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University, Mississippi 38677, United
States
| | - Jonah W. Jurss
- The
University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University, Mississippi 38677, United
States
| | - Matthew W. Glasscott
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Araújo GDS, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MGD, Aguiar LD, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Guedes GMDM, Sidrim JJC, Pereira Neto WA, Rocha MFG. Anthraquinones against Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto: antifungal interaction, biofilm inhibition and pathogenicity in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38530134 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Cryptococcal biofilms have been associated with persistent infections and antifungal resistance. Therefore, strategies, such as the association of natural compounds and antifungal drugs, have been applied for the prevention of biofilm growth. Moreover, the Caenorhabditis elegans pathogenicity model has been used to investigate the capacity to inhibit the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto.Hypothesis. Anthraquinones and antifungals are associated with preventing C. neoformans sensu stricto biofilm formation and disrupting these communities. Antraquinones reduced the C. neoformans sensu stricto pathogenicity in the C. elegans model.Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro interaction between aloe emodin, barbaloin or chrysophanol and itraconazole or amphotericin B against growing and mature biofilms of C. neoformans sensu stricto.Methodology. Compounds and antifungal drugs were added during biofilm formation or after 72 h of growth. Then, the metabolic activity was evaluated by the MTT reduction assay, the biomass by crystal-violet staining and the biofilm morphology by confocal laser scanning microscopy. C. neoformans sensu stricto's pathogenicity was investigated using the nematode C. elegans. Finally, pathogenicity inhibition by aloe emodin, barbarloin and chrysophanol was investigated using this model.Results. Anthraquinone-antifungal combinations affected the development of biofilms with a reduction of over 60 % in metabolic activity and above 50 % in biomass. Aloe emodin and barbaloin increased the anti-biofilm activity of antifungal drugs. Chrysophanol potentiated the effect of itraconazole against C. neoformans sensu stricto biofilms. The C. elegans mortality rate reached 76.7 % after the worms were exposed to C. neoformans sensu stricto for 96 h. Aloe emodin, barbaloin and chrysophanol reduced the C. elegans pathogenicity with mortality rates of 61.12 %, 65 % and 53.34 %, respectively, after the worms were exposed for 96 h to C. neoformans sensu stricto and these compounds at same time.Conclusion. These results highlight the potential activity of anthraquinones to increase the effectiveness of antifungal drugs against cryptococcal biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Dos Santos Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Gleiciane da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lara de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro Aquino Pereira Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bang WS, Han I, Mun SA, Hwang JM, Noh SH, Son W, Cho DC, Kim BJ, Kim CH, Choi H, Kim KT. Electrical stimulation promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by activating endogenous spinal cord-derived neural stem/progenitor cell: an in vitro and in vivo study. Spine J 2024; 24:534-553. [PMID: 37871660 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Electrical stimulation is a noninvasive treatment method that has gained popularity in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Activation of spinal cord-derived neural stem/progenitor cell (SC-NSPC) proliferation and differentiation in the injured spinal cord may elicit considerable neural regenerative effects. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effect of electrical stimulation on the neurogenesis of SC-NSPCs. STUDY DESIGN This study analyzed the effects of electrical stimulation on neurogenesis in rodent SC-NSPCs in vitro and in vivo and evaluated functional recovery and neural circuitry improvements with electrical stimulation using a rodent SCI model. METHODS Rats (20 rats/group) were assigned to sham (Group 1), SCI only (Group 2), SCI + electrode implant without stimulation (Group 3), and SCI + electrode with stimulation (Group 4) groups to count total SC-NSPCs and differentiated neurons and to evaluate morphological changes in differentiated neurons. Furthermore, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were analyzed, and the motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials in all rats were monitored. RESULTS Biphasic electrical currents enhanced SC-NSPC proliferation differentiation and caused qualitative morphological changes in differentiated neurons in vitro. Electrical stimulation promoted SC-NSPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation and improved functional outcomes and neural circuitry in SCI models. Increased Wnt3, Wnt7, and β-catenin protein levels were also observed after electrical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study proved the beneficial effects of electrical stimulation on SCI. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation may be associated with this relationship between electrical stimulation and neuronal regeneration after SCI. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The study confirmed the benefits of electrical stimulation on SCI based on cellular, functional, electrophysiological, and histological evidence. Based on these findings, we expect electrical stimulation to make a positive and significant difference in SCI treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Seok Bang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Topspine Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seul-Ah Mun
- Department. of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Moon Hwang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hyun Noh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonsoo Son
- Department. of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Chul Cho
- Department. of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Joon Kim
- Department. of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Choi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department. of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hudson A, Mullens A, Hind S, Jamann T, Balint-Kurti P. Natural variation in the pattern-triggered immunity response in plants: Investigations, implications and applications. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13445. [PMID: 38528659 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response is triggered at the plant cell surface by the recognition of microbe-derived molecules known as microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns or molecules derived from compromised host cells called damage-associated molecular patterns. Membrane-localized receptor proteins, known as pattern recognition receptors, are responsible for this recognition. Although much of the machinery of PTI is conserved, natural variation for the PTI response exists within and across species with respect to the components responsible for pattern recognition, activation of the response, and the strength of the response induced. This review describes what is known about this variation. We discuss how variation in the PTI response can be measured and how this knowledge might be utilized in the control of plant disease and in developing plant varieties with enhanced disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Hudson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Mullens
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Hind
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiffany Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sinkhonde D. Identification of 2-d shape parameters for waste brick powders from varying milling methods: A discussion of quantitative image analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26666. [PMID: 38420483 PMCID: PMC10901084 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative characterisation of morphology and shape parameters of pozzolanic materials, as a fundamental problem of characterisation of pozzolanic materials, has received significant consideration in literature. Thus far, previous research works have not paid much attention to the circularity, roundness and solidity of pozzolanic materials including waste brick powder (WBP). This research makes a significant contribution on identification of circularity, roundness and solidity of WBP particles under milling conditions using quantitative image analysis. In particular, the goal was to interrogate the ball milling treatment variables for generating WBP using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis. Under the milling conditions of changing sample masses introduced in ball mill, the average circularity values for the specimens were approximately 0.6 whilst the average solidity values for the specimens were approximately 0.71. Moreover, the average roundness values for the specimens were nearly 0.51. It was shown that the trends of shape parameters of WBP under changing fineness levels were not significant. The values of circularity, solidity and roundness in this study therefore collaborate to support the discoveries of hidden shape characteristics of WBP specimens and can tackle the overall behaviour of cement-based composites containing WBP. Quantitative image analysis was therefore observed to be capable of inheriting detailed information from SEM micrographs and remains one of the most outstanding approaches of generating shape parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Sinkhonde
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|