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Sumaria N, Fiala GJ, Inácio D, Curado-Avelar M, Cachucho A, Pinheiro R, Wiesheu R, Kimura S, Courtois L, Blankenhaus B, Darrigues J, Suske T, Almeida ARM, Minguet S, Asnafi V, Lhermitte L, Mullighan CG, Coffelt SB, Moriggl R, Barata JT, Pennington DJ, Silva-Santos B. Perinatal thymic-derived CD8αβ-expressing γδ T cells are innate IFN-γ producers that expand in IL-7R-STAT5B-driven neoplasms. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01855-4. [PMID: 38802512 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of γδ T cells to immune responses is associated with rapid secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Here, we show a perinatal thymic wave of innate IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells that express CD8αβ heterodimers and expand in preclinical models of infection and cancer. Optimal CD8αβ+ γδ T cell development is directed by low T cell receptor signaling and through provision of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-7. This population is pathologically relevant as overactive, or constitutive, IL-7R-STAT5B signaling promotes a supraphysiological accumulation of CD8αβ+ γδ T cells in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs in two mouse models of T cell neoplasia. Likewise, CD8αβ+ γδ T cells define a distinct subset of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia pediatric patients. This work characterizes the normal and malignant development of CD8αβ+ γδ T cells that are enriched in early life and contribute to innate IFN-γ responses to infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nital Sumaria
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gina J Fiala
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Inácio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Curado-Avelar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Cachucho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben Pinheiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert Wiesheu
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Lucien Courtois
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Birte Blankenhaus
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie Darrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tobias Suske
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Afonso R M Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Seth B Coffelt
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel J Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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McLeish E, Sooda A, Slater N, Beer K, Cooper I, Mastaglia FL, Needham M, Coudert JD. Identification of distinct immune signatures in inclusion body myositis by peripheral blood immunophenotyping using machine learning models. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1504. [PMID: 38585335 PMCID: PMC10990804 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a progressive late-onset muscle disease characterised by preferential weakness of quadriceps femoris and finger flexors, with elusive causes involving immune, degenerative, genetic and age-related factors. Overlapping with normal muscle ageing makes diagnosis and prognosis problematic. Methods We characterised peripheral blood leucocytes in 81 IBM patients and 45 healthy controls using flow cytometry. Using a random forest classifier, we identified immune changes in IBM compared to HC. K-means clustering and the random forest one-versus-rest model classified patients into three immunophenotypic clusters. Functional outcome measures including mTUG, 2MWT, IBM-FRS, EAT-10, knee extension and grip strength were assessed across clusters. Results The random forest model achieved a 94% AUC ROC with 82.76% specificity and 100% sensitivity. Significant differences were found in IBM patients, including increased CD8+ T-bet+ cells, CD4+ T cells skewed towards a Th1 phenotype and altered γδ T cell repertoire with a reduced proportion of Vγ9+Vδ2+ cells. IBM patients formed three clusters: (i) activated and inflammatory CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell profile and the highest proportion of anti-cN1A-positive patients in cluster 1; (ii) limited inflammation in cluster 2; (iii) highly differentiated, pro-inflammatory T-cell profile in cluster 3. Additionally, no significant differences in patients' age and gender were detected between immunophenotype clusters; however, worsening trends were detected with several functional outcomes. Conclusion These findings unveil distinct immune profiles in IBM, shedding light on underlying pathological mechanisms for potential immunoregulatory therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily McLeish
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Anuradha Sooda
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Nataliya Slater
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Kelly Beer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia
| | - Ian Cooper
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia
| | - Merrilee Needham
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleWAAustralia
- Department of NeurologyFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Jerome D Coudert
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleWAAustralia
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Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Aiello A, Calabrò A, Caruso C, Corsale AM, Dieli F, Di Simone M, Meraviglia S, Candore G. Sicilian semi- and supercentenarians: age-related Tγδ cell immunophenotype contributes to longevity trait definition. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:1-12. [PMID: 38066662 PMCID: PMC10929699 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system of semi- (from ≥105 to <110 years old) and supercentenarians (≥110 years old), i.e. oldest centenarians, is thought to have characteristics that allow them to reach extreme longevity in relatively healthy status. Thus, we investigated variations of the two principal subsets of Tγδ, Vδ1, and Vδ2, and their functional subsets using the markers defining Tαβ cells, i.e. CD27, CD45RA, in a cohort of 28 women and 26 men (age range 19-110 years), including 11 long-living individuals (from >90 years old to<105 years old), and eight oldest centenarians (≥105 years old), all of them were previously analysed for Tαβ and NK cell immunophenotypes on the same blood sample collected on recruitment day. Naïve Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells showed an inverse relationship with age, particularly significant for Vδ1 cells. Terminally differentiated T subsets (TEMRA) were significantly increased in Vδ1 but not in Vδ2, with higher values observed in the oldest centenarians, although a great heterogeneity was observed. Both naïve and TEMRA Vδ1 and CD8+ Tαβ cell values from our previous study correlated highly significantly, which was not the case for CD4+ and Vδ2. Our findings on γδ TEMRA suggest that these changes are not unfavourable for centenarians, including the oldest ones, supporting the hypothesis that immune ageing should be considered as a differential adaptation rather than a general immune alteration. The increase in TEMRA Vδ1 and CD8+, as well as in NK, would represent immune mechanisms by which the oldest centenarians successfully adapt to a history of insults and achieve longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Simone
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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4
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Candore G, Accardi G, Aiello A, Baggio G, Bellini T, Calabrese V, Carreca AP, Carreca I, Masucci A, Cattaneo M, Dato S, Bona DD, Fabris L, Gambino C, Lorenzo GD, Francescschi C, Ligotti ME, Manfrinato MC, Puca AA, Tamburello M, Vassallo R, Caruso C. Sex and Gender in Ageing and Longevity: Highlights From an International Course. Transl Med UniSa 2024; 26:15-29. [PMID: 38560614 PMCID: PMC10980291 DOI: 10.37825/2239-9747.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gender medicine is a multidisciplinary science and represents an important perspective for pathophysiological and clinical studies in the third millennium. Here, it is provided an overview of the topics discussed in a recent course on the Role of Sex and Gender in Ageing and Longevity. The paper highlights three themes discussed in the course, i.e., the interaction of gender/sex with, i) the pathophysiology of age-related diseases; ii), the role of genetics and epigenetics in ageing and longevity and, iii) the immune responses of older people to pathogens, vaccines, autoantigens, and allergens. Although largely unexplored, it is clear that sex and gender are modulators of disease biology and treatment outcomes. It is becoming evident that men and women should no longer be considered as subgroups, but as biologically distinct groups of patients deserving consideration for specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Giovannella Baggio
- Italian Center for Studies on Gender Health and Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua,
Italy
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara,
Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara,
Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania,
Italy
| | | | - Ignazio Carreca
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Anna Masucci
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, Palermo,
Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
| | | | - Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende,
Italy
| | - Danilo D. Bona
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia,
Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- Italian Center for Studies on Gender Health and Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua,
Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua,
Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Yale University, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Caterina Gambino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, Palermo,
Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Gabriele D. Lorenzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Claudio Francescschi
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod,
Russia
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod,
Russia
| | - Mattia E. Ligotti
- Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS Mediterranean Institute for Transplants and Highly Specialized Therapies, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Maria C. Manfrinato
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara,
Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara,
Italy
| | - Annibale A. Puca
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan,
Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno,
Italy
| | - Martina Tamburello
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, Palermo,
Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Roberta Vassallo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, Palermo,
Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo,
Italy
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5
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Zhao Y, Dong P, He W, Zhang J, Chen H. γδ T cells: Major advances in basic and clinical research in tumor immunotherapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:21-33. [PMID: 37592858 PMCID: PMC10766231 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT γδ T cells are a kind of innate immune T cell. They have not attracted sufficient attention because they account for only a small proportion of all immune cells, and many basic factors related to these cells remain unclear. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy, γδ T cells have attracted increasing attention because of their ability to exert cytotoxic effects on most tumor cells without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. An increasing number of basic studies have focused on the development, antigen recognition, activation, and antitumor immune response of γδ T cells. Additionally, γδ T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies are being developed, and the number of clinical trials investigating such strategies is increasing. This review mainly summarizes the progress of basic research and the clinical application of γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy to provide a theoretical basis for further the development of γδ T cell-based strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Zhao
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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Jiang H, Nace R, Ariail E, Ma Y, McGlinch E, Ferguson C, Fernandez Carrasco T, Packiriswamy N, Zhang L, Peng KW, Russell SJ. Oncolytic α-herpesvirus and myeloid-tropic cytomegalovirus cooperatively enhance systemic antitumor responses. Mol Ther 2024; 32:241-256. [PMID: 37927036 PMCID: PMC10787119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy aims to activate host antitumor immunity. In responsive tumors, intratumorally injected herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) have been shown to lyse tumor cells, resulting in local inflammation, enhanced tumor antigen presentation, and boosting of antitumor cytotoxic lymphocytes. In contrast to HSV, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is nonlytic and reprograms infected myeloid cells, limiting their antigen-presenting functions and protecting them from recognition by natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we show that when co-injected into mouse tumors with an oncolytic HSV, mouse CMV (mCMV) preferentially targeted tumor-associated myeloid cells, promoted the local release of proinflammatory cytokines, and enhanced systemic antitumor immune responses, leading to superior control of both injected and distant contralateral tumors. Deletion of mCMV genes m06, which degrades major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), or m144, a viral MHC class I homolog that inhibits NK activation, was shown to diminish the antitumor activity of the HSV/mCMV combination. However, an mCMV recombinant lacking the m04 gene, which escorts MHC class I to the cell surface, showed superior HSV adjuvanticity. CMV is a potentially promising agent with which to reshape and enhance antitumor immune responses following oncolytic HSV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Rebecca Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Emily Ariail
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yejun Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erin McGlinch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Coryn Ferguson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kah Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Zhang Q, Xu M. EBV-induced T-cell responses in EBV-specific and nonspecific cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250946. [PMID: 37841280 PMCID: PMC10576448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human tumor virus associated with various malignancies, including B-lymphoma, NK and T-lymphoma, and epithelial carcinoma. It infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells within the oropharynx and establishes persistent infection in memory B cells. With a balanced virus-host interaction, most individuals carry EBV asymptomatically because of the lifelong surveillance by T cell immunity against EBV. A stable anti-EBV T cell repertoire is maintained in memory at high frequency in the blood throughout persistent EBV infection. Patients with impaired T cell immunity are more likely to develop life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders, highlighting the critical role of T cells in achieving the EBV-host balance. Recent studies reveal that the EBV protein, LMP1, triggers robust T-cell responses against multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in B cells. Additionally, EBV-specific T cells have been identified in EBV-unrelated cancers, raising questions about their role in antitumor immunity. Herein, we summarize T-cell responses in EBV-related cancers, considering latency patterns, host immune status, and factors like human leukocyte antigen (HLA) susceptibility, which may affect immune outcomes. We discuss EBV-induced TAA-specific T cell responses and explore the potential roles of EBV-specific T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments. We also describe T-cell immunotherapy strategies that harness EBV antigens, ranging from EBV-specific T cells to T cell receptor-engineered T cells. Lastly, we discuss the involvement of γδ T-cells in EBV infection and associated diseases, aiming to elucidate the comprehensive interplay between EBV and T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Kurioka A, Klenerman P. Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101816. [PMID: 37536148 PMCID: PMC10804939 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells include γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT) cells and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are distinguished from conventional T cells by their recognition of non-peptide ligands presented by non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecules and rapid effector functions that are pre-programmed during their development. Here we review current knowledge of the effect of age on unconventional T cells, from early life to old age, in both mice and humans. We then discuss the role of unconventional T cells in age-associated diseases and infections, highlighting the similarities between members of the unconventional T cell family in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurioka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Pednekar P, Graf M, Tuly R, Batt K, Wang C. Gaining consensus around patient risk groups and prognostic profiles to guide CMV management among patients with solid organ transplant: Insights from a Delphi panel with SOT experts. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14905. [PMID: 36603193 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize patient risk groups and respective prognostic profiles to optimize clinical decision-making and guide appropriate medical cytomegalovirus (CMV) management among patients with solid organ transplant (SOT). METHODS Between September 2021 and February 2022, a three-round modified Delphi study was conducted to generate consensus among 14 international experts in virology and organ transplantation. Experts were asked about treatment and prognoses for patients in seven distinct clinical scenarios. Furthermore, experts were asked to risk-stratify patients by pre-/post-transplant characteristics. Consensus around opting for/against a treatment was observed if ≥75% or <25% of experts reported ≥50% likelihood to recommend or if treatments were ranked inside/outside the top two options and ≥75% of experts were within 1 standard deviation of the mean rank. RESULTS Experts agreed on several unmet needs in CMV disease management post-SOT, particularly avoidance of treatment-limiting toxicities with conventional CMV therapy and emergence of both primary refractory and drug resistant treatment failures. Experts considered CMV viral load, resistance profile, and route of administration as critical to treatment selection. For newer CMV therapeutic options, experts listed lack of long-term use data, concerns over potential resistance, high cost and limited availability as challenges restricting adoption, and successful patient management. CONCLUSION Experts achieved consensus around patient risk stratifications and factors influencing therapeutic options. Recommendations emerging from this Delphi study may support practicing physicians when confronted with challenging CMV scenarios in SOT patients, but additional experiences with newer anti-CMV agents are needed to re-validate expert consensus and update post-transplant CMV guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Connie Wang
- Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Ruan Y, Wen Z, Chen K, Xi J, Wu B, Xu Z, Jiang M, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu Q. Exogenous Interleukin-37 Alleviates Hepatitis with Reduced Dendritic Cells and Induced Regulatory T Cells in Acute Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:1462048. [PMID: 37215069 PMCID: PMC10198762 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1462048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is globally distributed, and the liver is one of the major targeting organs. So far, the mechanisms for cell and organ damage have not fully been elucidated and the treatments for the infection are mainly at symptoms. IL-37 has shown a protective role in certain inflammatory diseases. In the present study, potential protective effect of exogenous IL-37 on murine cytomegalovirus- (MCMV-) infected hepatitis was evaluated through analyses of serum transaminases, the liver histopathology and cytokine expression, and functional state of dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). These analyses showed a significant decrease in serum transaminase levels and a lower Ishak histopathologic score at the early stage of MCMV-infected mice with exogenous IL-37 pretreatment. The frequencies of MHC-Ⅱ, CD40, CD80, and CD86 positive DCs in the liver and spleen were decreased significantly at 7 days postinfection (dpi) in MCMV-infected mice with IL-37 pretreatment when compared with those without the pretreatment, while the total number of DCs in the liver was reduced in IL-37-pretreated mice. The induction of Tregs in the spleen was enhanced at dpi 3 with IL-37 pretreatment in MCMV-infected mice. The mRNA expression levels of cytokines in the liver were decreased significantly (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-4) or to some extent (TGF-β and TNF-α). The present study suggested that exogenous IL-37 can alleviate MCMV-infected hepatitis, likely through reduced DCs and induced Tregs with a weaker cytokine storm, demonstrating its potential value in clinical management for HCMV-infected hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ruan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengwang Wen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Jianan Xi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Minzhi Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
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11
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Hirai M, Yagasaki H, Kanezawa K, Ueno M, Shimozawa K, Imai K, Morio T, Kato M, Gocho Y, Narumi S, Ebihara Y, Morioka I. Cord Blood Transplantation in 2 Infants Presenting Monosomy 7 Clonal Hematopoiesis: SAMD9 / SAMD9L Germline Mutation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e290-e293. [PMID: 36730951 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, germline mutations in SAMD9 and SAMD9L were increasingly found in children with monosomy 7. We report the outcomes in 2 infants with the SAMD9/SAMD9L variant, who presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia (patient 1), and neutropenia and nonsymptomatic white-matter-encephalopathy (patient 2). Both patients received cord blood transplantation and experienced critical post-cord blood transplantation adverse events; patients 1 and 2 developed fulminant engraftment syndrome and life-threatening graft-versus-host disease, respectively. Of note, selective loss of chromosome 7 in bone marrow-derived CD34 + cells was inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Hirai
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital
| | - Hiroshi Yagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital
| | - Koji Kanezawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital
| | - Masaru Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital
| | | | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | - Yoshihiro Gocho
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo
| | - Yasuhiro Ebihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital
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12
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Abstract
Current cancer immunotherapies are primarily predicated on αβ T cells, with a stringent dependence on MHC-mediated presentation of tumour-enriched peptides or unique neoantigens that can limit their efficacy and applicability in various contexts. After two decades of preclinical research and preliminary clinical studies involving very small numbers of patients, γδ T cells are now being explored as a viable and promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. The unique features of γδ T cells, including their tissue tropisms, antitumour activity that is independent of neoantigen burden and conventional MHC-dependent antigen presentation, and combination of typical properties of T cells and natural killer cells, make them very appealing effectors in multiple cancer settings. Herein, we review the main functions of γδ T cells in antitumour immunity, focusing on human γδ T cell subsets, with a particular emphasis on the differences between Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ γδ T cells, to discuss their prognostic value in patients with cancer and the key therapeutic strategies that are being developed in an attempt to improve the outcomes of these patients.
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13
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Tuovinen EA, Pöysti S, Hamdan F, Le KM, Keskitalo S, Turunen T, Minier L, Mamia N, Heiskanen K, Varjosalo M, Cerullo V, Kere J, Seppänen MRJ, Hänninen A, Grönholm J. Characterization of Expanded Gamma Delta T Cells from Atypical X-SCID Patient Reveals Preserved Function and IL2RG-Mediated Signaling. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:358-370. [PMID: 36260239 PMCID: PMC9892142 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormally high γδ T cell numbers among individuals with atypical SCID have been reported but detailed immunophenotyping and functional characterization of these expanded γδ T cells are limited. We have previously reported atypical SCID phenotype caused by hypomorphic IL2RG (NM_000206.3) c.172C > T;p.(Pro58Ser) variant. Here, we have further investigated the index patient's abnormally large γδ T cell population in terms of function and phenotype by studying IL2RG cell surface expression, STAT tyrosine phosphorylation and blast formation in response to interleukin stimulation, immunophenotyping, TCRvγ sequencing, and target cell killing. In contrast to his ⍺β T cells, the patient's γδ T cells showed normal IL2RG cell surface expression and normal or enhanced IL2RG-mediated signaling. Vδ2 + population was proportionally increased with a preponderance of memory phenotypes and high overall tendency towards perforin expression. The patient's γδ T cells showed enhanced cytotoxicity towards A549 cancer cells. His TCRvγ repertoire was versatile but sequencing of IL2RG revealed a novel c.534C > A; p.(Phe178Leu) somatic missense variant restricted to γδ T cells. Over time this variant became predominant in γδ T cells, though initially present only in part of them. IL2RG-Pro58Ser/Phe178Leu variant showed higher cell surface expression compared to IL2RG-Pro58Ser variant in stable HEK293 cell lines, suggesting that somatic p.(Phe178Leu) variant may at least partially rescue the pathogenic effect of germline p.(Pro58Ser) variant. In conclusion, our report indicates that expansion of γδ T cells associated with atypical SCID needs further studying and cannot exclusively be deemed as a homeostatic response to low numbers of conventional T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A Tuovinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Pöysti
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Firas Hamdan
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program Helsinki (DRP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim My Le
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Systems Biology Research Group and Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Turunen
- Systems Biology Research Group and Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Léa Minier
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nanni Mamia
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaarina Heiskanen
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Immunodeficiency Unit, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Systems Biology Research Group and Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program Helsinki (DRP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko R J Seppänen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Rare Diseases Center and Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arno Hänninen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Grönholm
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Lee S, Affandi J, Waters S, Price P. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Perspectives. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:13-24. [PMID: 36622943 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are often asymptomatic in healthy adults but can be severe in people with a compromised immune system. While several studies have demonstrated associations between cardiovascular disease in older adults and HCMV seropositivity, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We review evidence published within the last 5 years establishing how HCMV can contribute directly and indirectly to the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. We also discuss associations between HCMV infection and cardiovascular outcomes in populations with a high or very high burden of HCMV, including patients with renal or autoimmune disease, transplant recipients, and people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacquita Affandi
- Curtin School of Population Health; Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shelley Waters
- Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Corsale AM, Di Simone M, Lo Presti E, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. γδ T cells and their clinical application in colon cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098847. [PMID: 36793708 PMCID: PMC9923022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research has focused on colorectal cancer to implement modern treatment approaches to improve patient survival. In this new era, γδ T cells constitute a new and promising candidate to treat many types of cancer because of their potent killing activity and their ability to recognize tumor antigens independently of HLA molecules. Here, we focus on the roles that γδ T cells play in antitumor immunity, especially in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, we provide an overview of small-scale clinical trials in patients with colorectal cancer employing either in vivo activation or adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded γδ T cells and suggest possible combinatorial approaches to treat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Corsale
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (Bi.N.D.) University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Simone
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (Bi.N.D.) University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR)I, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (Bi.N.D.) University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (Bi.N.D.) University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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16
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Rousselière A, Delbos L, Foureau A, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Roux A, Demant X, Le Pavec J, Kessler R, Mornex JF, Messika J, Falque L, Le Borgne A, Boussaud V, Tissot A, Hombourger S, Bressollette-Bodin C, Charreau B. Changes in HCMV immune cell frequency and phenotype are associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143875. [PMID: 37187736 PMCID: PMC10175754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is common and often severe in lung transplant recipients (LTRs), and it is a risk factor associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). The complex interplay between HCMV and allograft rejection is still unclear. Currently, no treatment is available to reverse CLAD after diagnosis, and the identification of reliable biomarkers that can predict the early development of CLAD is needed. This study investigated the HCMV immunity in LTRs who will develop CLAD. Methods This study quantified and phenotyped conventional (HLA-A2pp65) and HLA-E-restricted (HLA-EUL40) anti-HCMV CD8+ T (CD8 T) cell responses induced by infection in LTRs developing CLAD or maintaining a stable allograft. The homeostasis of immune subsets (B, CD4T, CD8 T, NK, and γδT cells) post-primary infection associated with CLAD was also investigated. Results At M18 post-transplantation, HLA-EUL40 CD8 T responses were less frequently found in HCMV+ LTRs (21.7%) developing CLAD (CLAD) than in LTRs (55%) keeping a functional graft (STABLE). In contrast, HLA-A2pp65 CD8 T was equally detected in 45% of STABLE and 47.8% of CLAD LTRs. The frequency of HLA-EUL40 and HLA-A2pp65 CD8 T among blood CD8 T cells shows lower median values in CLAD LTRs. Immunophenotype reveals an altered expression profile for HLA-EUL40 CD8 T in CLAD patients with a decreased expression for CD56 and the acquisition of PD-1. In STABLE LTRs, HCMV primary infection causes a decrease in B cells and inflation of CD8 T, CD57+/NKG2C+ NK, and δ2-γδT cells. In CLAD LTRs, the regulation of B, total CD8 T, and δ2+γδT cells is maintained, but total NK, CD57+/NKG2C+ NK, and δ2-γδT subsets are markedly reduced, while CD57 is overexpressed across T lymphocytes. Conclusions CLAD is associated with significant changes in anti-HCMV immune cell responses. Our findings propose that the presence of dysfunctional HCMV-specific HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cells together with post-infection changes in the immune cell distribution affecting NK and γδT cells defines an early immune signature for CLAD in HCMV+ LTRs. Such a signature may be of interest for the monitoring of LTRs and may allow an early stratification of LTRs at risk of CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Rousselière
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Delbos
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
| | - Aurore Foureau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Pneumologie, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Martine Reynaud-Gaubert
- CHU de Marseille, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Service de Pneumologie et Equipe de Transplantation pulmonaire; Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Roux
- Hôpital Foch, Service de pneumologie, Suresnes, France
| | - Xavier Demant
- Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Service de pneumologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Le Pavec
- Service de Pneumologie et de Transplantation Pulmonaire, Groupe Hospitalier Marie-Lannelongue -Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- UMR_S 999, Université Paris–Sud, Inserm, Groupe hospitalier Marie-Lannelongue-Saint Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Romain Kessler
- Groupe de transplantation pulmonaire des hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Inserm-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-François Mornex
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, INRAE, IVPC, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, GHE, Service de Pneumologie, Inserm, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan Messika
- APHP, Nord-Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de Pneumologie B et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Paris, France
- Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, UMR1152 INSERM and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Falque
- Service Hospitalier Universitaire Pneumologie et Physiologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Véronique Boussaud
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Tissot
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Pneumologie, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Hombourger
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bressollette-Bodin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Laboratoire de Virologie, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Béatrice Charreau,
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17
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Li C, Lin YD, Wang WB, Xu M, Zhang N, Xiong N. Differential regulation of CD8 + CD86 + Vγ1.1 + γδT cell responses in skin barrier tissue protection and homeostatic maintenance. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1498-1509. [PMID: 35581932 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared to αβT cells, γδT cells are more innate-like and preferentially function as the first line of defense in barrier tissues. Certain populations of γδT cells possess adaptive immune cell properties but their regulation is not well understood. We herein report that while innate-like γδT17 cells dominated in the skin of WT mice, Vγ1.1+ γδT cells with adaptive T cell-like properties predominantly expanded in the skin of TCRβ-/- and B2m-/- mice. Commensal bacteria drove expansion of Vγ1.1+ skin γδT cells, functional properties of which correlated with local immune requirements. That is, Vγ1.1+ skin γδT cells in TCRβ-/- mice were a heterogeneous population; while Vγ1.1+ skin γδT cells in B2m-/- mice were mostly CD8+ CD86+ cells that had a similar function of CD8+ CD86+ skin αβT cells in supporting local Treg cells. We also found that intrinsic TGF-β receptor 2-derived signals in skin CD8+ αβT and γδT cells are required for their expression of CD86, a molecule important in supporting skin Treg cells. Our findings reveal broad functional potentials of γδT cells that are coordinately regulated with αβT cells to help maintain local tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Ding Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Bei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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18
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Park JH, Kang I, Lee HK. γδ T Cells in Brain Homeostasis and Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886397. [PMID: 35693762 PMCID: PMC9181321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a distinct subset of T cells expressing γδ T cell receptor (TCR) rather than αβTCR. Since their discovery, the critical roles of γδ T cells in multiple physiological systems and diseases have been investigated. γδ T cells are preferentially located at mucosal surfaces, such as the gut, although a small subset of γδ T cells can circulate the blood. Additionally, a subset of γδ T cells reside in the meninges in the central nervous system. Recent findings suggest γδ T cells in the meninges have critical roles in brain function and homeostasis. In addition, several lines of evidence have shown γδ T cells can infiltrate the brain parenchyma and regulate inflammatory responses in multiple diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Although the importance of γδ T cells in the brain is well established, their roles are still incompletely understood due to the complexity of their biology. Because γδ T cells rapidly respond to changes in brain status and regulate disease progression, understanding the role of γδ T cells in the brain will provide critical information that is essential for interpreting neuroimmune modulation. In this review, we summarize the complex role of γδ T cells in the brain and discuss future directions for research.
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19
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The Role of γδ T Cells as a Line of Defense in Viral Infections after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Opportunities and Challenges. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010117. [PMID: 35062321 PMCID: PMC8779492 DOI: 10.3390/v14010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the complex interplay between inflammation and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), viral reactivations are often observed and cause substantial morbidity and mortality. As toxicity after allo-HSCT within the context of viral reactivations is mainly driven by αβ T cells, we describe that by delaying αβ T cell reconstitution through defined transplantation techniques, we can harvest the full potential of early reconstituting γδ T cells to control viral reactivations. We summarize evidence of how the γδ T cell repertoire is shaped by CMV and EBV reactivations after allo-HSCT, and their potential role in controlling the most important, but not all, viral reactivations. As most γδ T cells recognize their targets in an MHC-independent manner, γδ T cells not only have the potential to control viral reactivations but also to impact the underlying hematological malignancies. We also highlight the recently re-discovered ability to recognize classical HLA-molecules through a γδ T cell receptor, which also surprisingly do not associate with GVHD. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells and their receptors within and outside the context of allo-HSCT, as well as the opportunities and challenges for developers and for payers.
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20
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Rousselière A, Delbos L, Bressollette C, Berthaume M, Charreau B. Mapping and Characterization of HCMV-Specific Unconventional HLA-E-Restricted CD8 T Cell Populations and Associated NK and T Cell Responses Using HLA/Peptide Tetramers and Spectral Flow Cytometry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:263. [PMID: 35008688 PMCID: PMC8745070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HCMV drives complex and multiple cellular immune responses, which causes a persistent immune imprint in hosts. This study aimed to achieve both a quantitative determination of the frequency for various anti-HCMV immune cell subsets, including CD8 T, γδT, NK cells, and a qualitative analysis of their phenotype. To map the various anti-HCMV cellular responses, we used a combination of three HLApeptide tetramer complexes (HLA-EVMAPRTLIL, HLA-EVMAPRSLLL, and HLA-A2NLVPMVATV) and antibodies for 18 surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, CD45RA, CD56, CD57, CD158, NKG2A, NKG2C, CCR7, TCRγδ, TCRγδ2, CX3CR1, KLRG1, 2B4, and PD-1) in a 20-color spectral flow cytometry analysis. This immunostaining protocol was applied to PBMCs isolated from HCMV- and HCMV+ individuals. Our workflow allows the efficient determination of events featuring HCMV infection such as CD4/CD8 ratio, CD8 inflation and differentiation, HCMV peptide-specific HLA-EUL40 and HLA-A2pp65CD8 T cells, and expansion of γδT and NK subsets including δ2-γT and memory-like NKG2C+CD57+ NK cells. Each subset can be further characterized by the expression of 2B4, PD-1, KLRG1, CD45RA, CCR7, CD158, and NKG2A to achieve a fine-tuned mapping of HCMV immune responses. This assay should be useful for the analysis and monitoring of T-and NK cell responses to HCMV infection or vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Béatrice Charreau
- INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (L.D.); (C.B.); (M.B.)
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21
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Abstract
Unconventional T cells are a diverse and underappreciated group of relatively rare lymphocytes that are distinct from conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and that mainly recognize antigens in the absence of classical restriction through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These non-MHC-restricted T cells include mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδ T cells and other, often poorly defined, subsets. Depending on the physiological context, unconventional T cells may assume either protective or pathogenic roles in a range of inflammatory and autoimmune responses in the kidney. Accordingly, experimental models and clinical studies have revealed that certain unconventional T cells are potential therapeutic targets, as well as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. The responsiveness of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and MAIT cells to many microbial pathogens, for example, has implications for early diagnosis, risk stratification and targeted treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. The expansion of non-Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells during cytomegalovirus infection and their contribution to viral clearance suggest that these cells can be harnessed for immune monitoring and adoptive immunotherapy in kidney transplant recipients. In addition, populations of NKT, MAIT or γδ T cells are involved in the immunopathology of IgA nephropathy and in models of glomerulonephritis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and kidney transplantation.
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22
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Martini F, Champagne E. The Contribution of Human Herpes Viruses to γδ T Cell Mobilisation in Co-Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122372. [PMID: 34960641 PMCID: PMC8704314 DOI: 10.3390/v13122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are activated in viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Among viruses that promote γδ T cell mobilisation in humans, herpes viruses (HHVs) occupy a particular place since they infect the majority of the human population and persist indefinitely in the organism in a latent state. Thus, other infections should, in most instances, be considered co-infections, and the reactivation of HHV is a serious confounding factor in attributing γδ T cell alterations to a particular pathogen in human diseases. We review here the literature data on γδ T cell mobilisation in HHV infections and co-infections, and discuss the possible contribution of HHVs to γδ alterations observed in various infectious settings. As multiple infections seemingly mobilise overlapping γδ subsets, we also address the concept of possible cross-protection.
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23
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Nabi R, Lewin AC, Collantes TM, Chouljenko VN, Kousoulas KG. Intramuscular Vaccination With the HSV-1(VC2) Live-Attenuated Vaccine Strain Confers Protection Against Viral Ocular Immunopathogenesis Associated With γδT Cell Intracorneal Infiltration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:789454. [PMID: 34868077 PMCID: PMC8634438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) ocular infection is one of the leading causes of infectious blindness in developed countries. The resultant herpetic keratitis (HK) is caused by an exacerbated reaction of the adaptive immune response that persists beyond virus clearance causing substantial damage to the cornea. Intramuscular immunization of mice with the HSV-1(VC2) live-attenuated vaccine strain has been shown to protect mice against lethal ocular challenge. Herein, we show that following ocular challenge, VC2 vaccinated animals control ocular immunopathogenesis in the absence of neutralizing antibodies on ocular surfaces. Ocular protection is associated with enhanced intracorneal infiltration of γδ T cells compared to mock-vaccinated animals. The observed γδ T cellular infiltration was inversely proportional to the infiltration of neutrophils, the latter associated with exacerbated tissue damage. Inhibition of T cell migration into ocular tissues by the S1P receptors agonist FTY720 produced significant ocular disease in vaccinated mice and marked increase in neutrophil infiltration. These results indicate that ocular challenge of mice immunized with the VC2 vaccine induce a unique ocular mucosal response that leads into the infiltration of γδ T cells resulting in the amelioration of infection-associated immunopathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Cornea/immunology
- Cornea/pathology
- Cornea/virology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/virology
- Keratitis, Herpetic/immunology
- Keratitis, Herpetic/pathology
- Keratitis, Herpetic/prevention & control
- Keratitis, Herpetic/virology
- Lymphangiogenesis
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Nabi
- Department of Pathobiological Science, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Andrew C. Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Therese M. Collantes
- Department of Pathobiological Science, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Vladimir N. Chouljenko
- Department of Pathobiological Science, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Science, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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24
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Morrison AL, Sharpe S, White AD, Bodman-Smith M. Cheap and Commonplace: Making the Case for BCG and γδ T Cells in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:743924. [PMID: 34567010 PMCID: PMC8455994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific vaccines developed for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate a remarkable achievement and are currently being used in high income countries with much success. However, new SARS-CoV-2 variants are threatening this success via mutations that lessen the efficacy of antigen-specific antibodies. One simple approach to assisting with this issue is focusing on strategies that build on the non-specific protection afforded by the innate immune response. The BCG vaccine has been shown to provide broad protection beyond tuberculosis disease, including against respiratory viruses, and ongoing studies are investigating its efficacy as a tool against SARS-CoV-2. Gamma delta (γδ) T cells, particularly the Vδ2 subtype, undergo rapid expansion after BCG vaccination due to MHC-independent mechanisms. Consequently, γδ T cells can produce diverse defenses against virally infected cells, including direct cytotoxicity, death receptor ligands, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. They can also assist in stimulating the adaptive immune system. BCG is affordable, commonplace and non-specific, and therefore could be a useful tool to initiate innate protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, considerations must also be made to BCG vaccine supply and the prioritization of countries where it is most needed to combat tuberculosis first and foremost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Sharpe
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. White
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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El Baba R, Herbein G. Immune Landscape of CMV Infection in Cancer Patients: From "Canonical" Diseases Toward Virus-Elicited Oncomodulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730765. [PMID: 34566995 PMCID: PMC8456041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an immensely pervasive herpesvirus, persistently infecting high percentages of the world population. Despite the apparent robust host immune responses, HCMV is capable of replicating, evading host defenses, and establishing latency throughout life by developing multiple immune-modulatory strategies. HCMV has coexisted with humans mounting various mechanisms to evade immune cells and effectively win the HCMV-immune system battle mainly through maintaining its viral genome, impairing HLA Class I and II molecule expression, evading from natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, interfering with cellular signaling, inhibiting apoptosis, escaping complement attack, and stimulating immunosuppressive cytokines (immune tolerance). HCMV expresses several gene products that modulate the host immune response and promote modifications in non-coding RNA and regulatory proteins. These changes are linked to several complications, such as immunosenescence and malignant phenotypes leading to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and oncomodulation. Hence, tumor survival is promoted by affecting cellular proliferation and survival, invasion, immune evasion, immunosuppression, and giving rise to angiogenic factors. Viewing HCMV-induced evasion mechanisms will play a principal role in developing novel adapted therapeutic approaches against HCMV, especially since immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapeutic strategies. Since tumors acquire immune evasion strategies, anti-tumor immunity could be prominently triggered by multimodal strategies to induce, on one side, immunogenic tumor apoptosis and to actively oppose the immune suppressive microenvironment, on the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, Besançon, France
- Department of Virology, Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Besançon (CHRU) Besançon, Besancon, France
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26
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Uchida Y, Gherardini J, Pappelbaum K, Chéret J, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Gross CC, Strbo N, Gilhar A, Rossi A, Funk W, Kanekura T, Almeida L, Bertolini M, Paus R. Resident human dermal γδT-cells operate as stress-sentinels: Lessons from the hair follicle. J Autoimmun 2021; 124:102711. [PMID: 34479087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Murine γδT-cells have stress-surveillance functions and are implicated in autoimmunity. Yet, whether human γδT-cells are also stress sentinels and directly promote autoimmune responses in the skin is unknown. Using a novel (mini-)organ assay, we tested if human dermis resident γδT-cells can recognize stressed human scalp hair follicles (HFs) to promote an alopecia areata (AA)-like autoimmune response. Accordingly, we show that γδT-cells from healthy human scalp skin are activated (CD69+), up-regulate the expression of NKG2D and IFN-γ, and become cytotoxic when co-cultured with autologous stressed HFs ex vivo. These autologous γδT-cells induce HF immune privilege collapse, dystrophy, and premature catagen, i.e. three hallmarks of the human autoimmune HF disorder, AA. This is mediated by CXCL12, MICA, and in part by IFN-γ and CD1d. In conclusion, human dermal γδT-cells exert physiological stress-sentinel functions in human skin, where their excessive activity can promote autoimmunity towards stressed HFs that overexpress CD1d, CXCL12, and/or MICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alfredo Rossi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, University ''La Sapienza'', Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Funk
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dr. Dr. Med. Funk, Munich, Germany
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, MAHSC, And Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Wang DK, Zuo Q, He QY, Li B. Targeted Immunotherapies in Gastrointestinal Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705999. [PMID: 34447376 PMCID: PMC8383067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and remains a major challenge for cancer treatment. Despite the combined administration of modern surgical techniques and chemoradiotherapy (CRT), the overall 5-year survival rate of gastrointestinal cancer patients in advanced stage disease is less than 15%, due to rapid disease progression, metastasis, and CRT resistance. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer progression and optimized treatment strategies for gastrointestinal cancer are urgently needed. With increasing evidence highlighting the protective role of immune responses in cancer initiation and progression, immunotherapy has become a hot research topic in the integrative management of gastrointestinal cancer. Here, an overview of the molecular understanding of colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer is provided. Subsequently, recently developed immunotherapy strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, tumor vaccines and therapies targeting other immune cells, have been described. Finally, the underlying mechanisms, fundamental research and clinical trials of each agent are discussed. Overall, this review summarizes recent advances and future directions for immunotherapy for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Harly C, Joyce SP, Domblides C, Bachelet T, Pitard V, Mannat C, Pappalardo A, Couzi L, Netzer S, Massara L, Obre E, Hawchar O, Lartigue L, Claverol S, Cano C, Moreau JF, Mahouche I, Soubeyran I, Rossignol R, Viollet B, Willcox CR, Mohammed F, Willcox BE, Faustin B, Déchanet-Merville J. Human γδ T cell sensing of AMPK-dependent metabolic tumor reprogramming through TCR recognition of EphA2. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eaba9010. [PMID: 34330813 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aba9010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human γδ T cells contribute to tissue homeostasis and participate in epithelial stress surveillance through mechanisms that are not well understood. Here, we identified ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) as a stress antigen recognized by a human Vγ9Vδ1 TCR. EphA2 is recognized coordinately by ephrin A to enable γδ TCR activation. We identified a putative TCR binding site on the ligand-binding domain of EphA2 that was distinct from the ephrin A binding site. Expression of EphA2 was up-regulated upon AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, and coexpression of EphA2 and active AMPK in tumors was associated with higher CD3 T cell infiltration in human colorectal cancer tissue. These results highlight the potential of the human γδ TCR to cooperate with a co-receptor to recognize non-MHC-encoded proteins as signals of cellular dysregulation, potentially allowing γδ T cells to sense metabolic energy changes associated with either viral infection or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Harly
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephen Paul Joyce
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Thomas Bachelet
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Bordeaux University CNRS UMS3427, INSERM US05, Flow Cytometry Facility, TransBioMed Core, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Mannat
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Angela Pappalardo
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Renal Transplantation Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sonia Netzer
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Layal Massara
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Obre
- Cellomet, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Omar Hawchar
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydia Lartigue
- INSERM U1218 ACTION, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carla Cano
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Moreau
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Immunology and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- Cellomet, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1211, Rare diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France
| | - Carrie R Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Benjamin Faustin
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Bordeaux University CNRS UMS3427, INSERM US05, Flow Cytometry Facility, TransBioMed Core, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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29
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Abstract
In all human cells, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I glycoproteins assemble with a peptide and take it to the cell surface for surveillance by lymphocytes. These include natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells of innate immunity and αβ T cells of adaptive immunity. In healthy cells, the presented peptides derive from human proteins, to which lymphocytes are tolerant. In pathogen-infected cells, HLA class I expression is perturbed. Reduced HLA class I expression is detected by KIR and CD94:NKG2A receptors of NK cells. Almost any change in peptide presentation can be detected by αβ CD8+ T cells. In responding to extracellular pathogens, HLA class II glycoproteins, expressed by specialized antigen-presenting cells, present peptides to αβ CD4+ T cells. In comparison to the families of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II and αβ T cell receptors, the antigenic specificity of the γδ T cell receptors is incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Djaoud
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; ,
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; ,
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30
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Gaballa A, Alagrafi F, Uhlin M, Stikvoort A. Revisiting the Role of γδ T Cells in Anti-CMV Immune Response after Transplantation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061031. [PMID: 34072610 PMCID: PMC8228273 DOI: 10.3390/v13061031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells form an unconventional subset of T lymphocytes that express a T cell receptor (TCR) consisting of γ and δ chains. Unlike conventional αβ T cells, γδ T cells share the immune signature of both the innate and the adaptive immunity. These features allow γδ T cells to act in front-line defense against infections and tumors, rendering them an attractive target for immunotherapy. The role of γδ T cells in the immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been the focus of intense research for several years, particularly in the context of transplantation, as CMV reactivation remains a major cause of transplant-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie CMV immune responses could enable the design of novel γδ T cell-based therapeutic approaches. In this regard, the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-cell TCR sequencing have allowed in-depth characterization of CMV-induced TCR repertoire changes. In this review, we try to shed light on recent findings addressing the adaptive role of γδ T cells in CMV immunosurveillance and revisit CMV-induced TCR reshaping in the era of NGS. Finally, we will demonstrate the favorable and unfavorable effects of CMV reactive γδ T cells post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gaballa
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.A.); (M.U.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 51132, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-858-580-000
| | - Faisal Alagrafi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.A.); (M.U.); (A.S.)
- National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.A.); (M.U.); (A.S.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arwen Stikvoort
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.A.); (M.U.); (A.S.)
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31
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Minculescu L, Sengelov H, Marquart HV, Ryder LP, Fischer-Nielsen A, Haastrup E. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Effectively Mobilizes TCR γδ and NK Cells Providing an Allograft Potentially Enhanced for the Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effect for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625165. [PMID: 33777007 PMCID: PMC7988077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potential cure for patients with hematological malignancies but substantial risks of recurrence of the malignant disease remain. TCR γδ and NK cells are perceived as potent innate effector cells in HSCT and have been associated with post-transplant protection from relapse in clinical studies. Immunocompetent cells from the donor are crucial for patient outcomes and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) are being increasingly applied as graft source. G-CSF is the preferential mobilizing agent in healthy donors for PBSC grafts, yet effects of G-CSF on TCR γδ and NK cells are scarcely uncovered and could influence the graft composition and potency of these cells. Therefore, we analyzed T and NK cell subsets and activation markers in peripheral blood samples of 49 donors before and after G-CSF mobilization and—for a subset of donors—also in the corresponding graft samples using multicolor flowcytometry with staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, TCRαβ, TCRγδ, Vδ1, Vδ2, HLA-DR, CD45RA, CD197, CD45RO, HLA-DR, CD16, CD56, and CD314. We found that TCR γδ cells were mobilized and harvested with an efficiency corresponding that of TCR αβ cells. For TCR γδ as well as for TCR αβ cells, G-CSF preferentially mobilized naïve and terminally differentiated effector (TEMRA) cells over memory cells. In the TCR γδ cell compartment, G-CSF preferentially mobilized cells of the nonVδ2 types and increased the fraction of HLA-DR positive TCR γδ cells. For NK cells, mobilization by G-CSF was increased compared to that of T cells, yet NK cells appeared to be less efficiently harvested than T cells. In the NK cell compartment, G-CSF-stimulation preserved the proportion of CD56dim NK effector cells which have been associated with relapse protection. The expression of the activating receptor NKG2D implied in anti-leukemic responses, was significantly increased in both CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells after G-CSF stimulation. These results indicate differentiated mobilization and altering properties of G-CSF which could improve the effects of donor TCR γδ and NK cells in the processes of graft-versus-leukemia for relapse prevention after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Minculescu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sengelov
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Vibeke Marquart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Peter Ryder
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Fischer-Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Haastrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM. Maintaining homeostatic control of periodontal bone tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:157-187. [PMID: 33690918 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone is a unique osseous tissue due to the proximity of dental plaque biofilms. Periodontal health and homeostasis are mediated by a balanced host immune response to these polymicrobial biofilms. Dysbiotic shifts within dental plaque biofilms can drive a proinflammatory immune response state in the periodontal epithelial and gingival connective tissues, which leads to paracrine signaling to subjacent bone cells. Sustained chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts "coupled" osteoclast-osteoblast actions, which ultimately result in alveolar bone destruction. This chapter will provide an overview of alveolar bone physiology and will highlight why the oral microbiota is a critical regulator of alveolar bone remodeling. The ecology of dental plaque biofilms will be discussed in the context that periodontitis is a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. The pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss will be explained from both a historical and current perspective, providing the opportunity to revisit the role of fibrosis in alveolar bone destruction. Periodontal immune cell interactions with bone cells will be reviewed based on our current understanding of osteoimmunological mechanisms influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Lastly, probiotic and prebiotic interventions in the oral microbiota will be evaluated as potential noninvasive therapies to support alveolar bone homeostasis and prevent periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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33
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Barragué H, Fontaine J, Abravanel F, Mauré E, Péron JM, Alric L, Dubois M, Izopet J, Champagne E. Mobilization of γδ T Cells and IL-10 Production at the Acute Phase of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Cytomegalovirus Carriers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1027-1038. [PMID: 33483348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the γδ T cell compartment have been reported in immunocompromised individuals infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV)-g3. We now report the analysis of blood γδ T cells from acutely HEV-infected individuals in the absence of immunosuppression. In these patients, non-Vδ2 (ND2) γδ T cells outnumbered otherwise predominant Vδ2 cells selectively in human CMV (HCMV)-seropositive patients and were higher than in HCMVpos controls, mimicking HCMV reactivation, whereas their serum was PCR-negative for HCMV. Stimulation of their lymphocytes with HEV-infected hepatocarcinoma cells led to an HEV-specific response in γδ subsets of HCMVpos individuals. HEV infection was associated with a lowered expression of TIGIT, LAG-3, and CD160 immune checkpoint markers on ND2 effector memory cells in HCMVneg but not in HCMVpos HEV patients. γδ cell lines, predominantly ND2, were generated from patients after coculture with hepatocarcinoma cells permissive to HEV and IL-2/12/18. Upon restimulation with HEV-infected or uninfected cells and selected cytokines, these cell lines produced IFN-γ and IL-10, the latter being induced by IL-12 in IFN-γ-producing cells and upregulated by HEV and IL-18. They were also capable of suppressing the proliferation of CD3/CD28-activated CD4 cells in transwell experiments. Importantly, IL-10 was detected in the plasma of 10 of 10 HCMVpos HEV patients but rarely in controls or HCMVneg HEV patients, implying that γδ cells are probably involved in IL-10 production at the acute phase of infection. Our data indicate that HEV mobilizes a pool of ND2 memory cells in HCMV carriers, promoting the development of an immunoregulatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Barragué
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Fontaine
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Abravanel
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Emilie Mauré
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie Péron
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôspital Rangueil, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôspital Rangueil, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Dubois
- CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Eric Champagne
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France; .,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
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34
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D'Souza SS, Bennett S, Kumar A, Kelnhofer LE, Weinfurter J, Suknuntha K, Coonen J, Mejia A, Simmons H, Golos T, Hematti P, Capitini CM, Reynolds MR, Slukvin II. Transplantation of T-cell receptor α/β-depleted allogeneic bone marrow in nonhuman primates. Exp Hematol 2021; 93:44-51. [PMID: 33176119 PMCID: PMC7855119 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic cancers and chronic infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Its success in these settings is attributed to the ability of engrafting immune cells to eliminate cancer cells or deplete the HIV reservoir (graft-versus-host effect [GvHE]). However, alloHSCT is commonly associated with graft-versus-host diseases (GvHDs) causing significant morbidity and mortality, thereby requiring development of novel allogeneic HSCT protocols and therapies promoting GvHE without GvHD using physiologically relevant preclinical models. Here we evaluated the outcomes of major histocompatibility complex-matched T-cell receptor α/β-depleted alloHSCT in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs). Following T-cell receptor α/β depletion, bone marrow cells were transplanted into major histocompatibility complex-identical MCMs conditioned with total body irradiation. GvHD prophylaxis included sirolimus alone in two animals or tacrolimus with cyclophosphamide in another two animals. Posttransplant chimerism was determined by sequencing diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphisms to quantify the amounts of donor and recipient cells present in blood. Animals treated posttransplant with sirolimus developed nearly complete chimerism with acute GvHD. In the cyclophosphamide and tacrolimus treatment group, animals developed mixed chimerism without GvHD, with long-term engraftment observed in one animal. None of the animals developed cytomegalovirus infection. These studies indicate the feasibility of alloHSCT engraftment without GvHD in an MHC-identical MCM model following complete myeloablative conditioning and anti-GvHD prophylaxis with posttransplant cyclophosphamide and tacrolimus. Further exploration of this model will provide a platform for elucidating the mechanisms of GvHD and GvHE and for testing novel alloHSCT modalities for HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha S D'Souza
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Sarah Bennett
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Laurel E Kelnhofer
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jason Weinfurter
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Jennifer Coonen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Heather Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Thaddeus Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Madison, WI.
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35
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Clark BL, Thomas PG. A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8903. [PMID: 33255339 PMCID: PMC7727649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human immune system is exacerbated by age-related changes to immune cell functionality. Many of these age-related effects remain undescribed or driven by mechanisms that are poorly understood. γδ T cells, while considered an adaptive subset based on immunological ontogeny, retain both innate-like and adaptive-like characteristics. This T cell population is small but mighty, and has been implicated in both homeostatic and disease-induced immunity within tissues and throughout the periphery. In this review, we outline what is known about the effect of age on human peripheral γδ T cells, and call attention to areas of the field where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L. Clark
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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36
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Kaminski H, Marsères G, Cosentino A, Guerville F, Pitard V, Fournié JJ, Merville P, Déchanet-Merville J, Couzi L. Understanding human γδ T cell biology toward a better management of cytomegalovirus infection. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:264-288. [PMID: 33091199 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, namely solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, and can induce congenital infection in neonates. There is currently an unmet need for new management and treatment strategies. Establishment of an anti-CMV immune response is critical in order to control CMV infection. The two main human T cells involved in HCMV-specific response are αβ and non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that belong to γδ T cell compartment. CMV-induced non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells harbor a specific clonal expansion and a phenotypic signature, and display effector functions against CMV. So far, only two main molecular mechanisms underlying CMV sensing have been identified. Non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be activated either by stress-induced surface expression of the γδT cell receptor (TCR) ligand annexin A2, or by a multimolecular stress signature composed of the γδTCR ligand endothelial protein C receptor and co-stimulatory signals such as the ICAM-1-LFA-1 axis. All this basic knowledge can be harnessed to improve the clinical management of CMV infection in at-risk patients. In particular, non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cell monitoring could help better stratify the risk of infection and move forward a personalized medicine. Moreover, recent advances in cell therapy protocols open the way for a non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cell therapy in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kaminski
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabriel Marsères
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anaïs Cosentino
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Guerville
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,CHU Bordeaux, Pôle de gérontologie, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Merville
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Lionel Couzi
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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37
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Willcox CR, Mohammed F, Willcox BE. The distinct MHC-unrestricted immunobiology of innate-like and adaptive-like human γδ T cell subsets-Nature's CAR-T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:25-46. [PMID: 33084045 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Distinct innate-like and adaptive-like immunobiological paradigms are emerging for human γδ T cells, supported by a combination of immunophenotypic, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, functional, and transcriptomic data. Evidence of the γδ TCR/ligand recognition modalities that respective human subsets utilize is accumulating. Although many questions remain unanswered, one superantigen-like modality features interactions of germline-encoded regions of particular TCR Vγ regions with specific BTN/BTNL family members and apparently aligns with an innate-like biology, albeit with some scope for clonal amplification. A second involves CDR3-mediated γδ TCR interaction with diverse ligands and aligns with an adaptive-like biology. Importantly, these unconventional modalities provide γδ T cells with unique recognition capabilities relative to αβ T cells, B cells, and NK cells, allowing immunosurveillance for signatures of "altered self" on target cells, via a membrane-linked γδ TCR recognizing intact non-MHC proteins on the opposing cell surface. In doing so, they permit cellular responses in diverse situations including where MHC expression is compromised, or where conventional adaptive and/or NK cell-mediated immunity is suppressed. γδ T cells may therefore utilize their TCR like a cell-surface Fab repertoire, somewhat analogous to engineered chimeric antigen receptor T cells, but additionally integrating TCR signaling with parallel signals from other surface immunoreceptors, making them multimolecular sensors of cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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38
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Abstract
γδ T cells are a unique T cell subpopulation that are rare in secondary lymphoid organs but enriched in many peripheral tissues, such as the skin, intestines and lungs. By rapidly producing large amounts of cytokines, γδ T cells make key contributions to immune responses in these tissues. In addition to their immune surveillance activities, recent reports have unravelled exciting new roles for γδ T cells in steady-state tissue physiology, with functions ranging from the regulation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue to the control of neuronal synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Here, we review the roles of γδ T cells in tissue homeostasis and in surveillance of infection, aiming to illustrate their major impact on tissue integrity, tissue repair and immune protection.
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Yazdanifar M, Mashkour N, Bertaina A. Making a case for using γδ T cells against SARS-CoV-2. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:689-702. [PMID: 33023358 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1822279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intensive worldwide efforts are underway to determine both the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immune responses in COVID-19 patients in order to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines. One type of cell that may contribute to these immune responses is the γδ T lymphocyte, which plays a key role in immunosurveillance of the mucosal and epithelial barriers by rapidly responding to pathogens. Although found in low numbers in blood, γδ T cells consist the majority of tissue-resident T cells and participate in the front line of the host immune defense. Previous studies have demonstrated the critical protective role of γδ T cells in immune responses to other respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-1. However, no studies have profoundly investigated these cells in COVID-19 patients to date. γδ T cells can be safely expanded in vivo using existing inexpensive FDA-approved drugs such as bisphosphonate, in order to test its protective immune response to SARS-CoV-2. To support this line of research, we review insights gained from previous coronavirus research, along with recent findings, discussing the potential role of γδ T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2. We conclude by proposing several strategies to enhance γδ T cell's antiviral function, which may be used in developing therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Narges Mashkour
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, CPHMVS, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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40
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Sex-Differential Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection on In Vitro Reactivity to Toll-Like Receptor 2, 4 and 7/8 Stimulation in Gambian Infants. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030407. [PMID: 32707906 PMCID: PMC7564534 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection rates approach 100% by the first year of life in low-income countries. It is not known if this drives changes to innate immunity in early life and thereby altered immune reactivity to infections and vaccines. Given the panoply of sex differences in immunity, it is feasible that any immunological effects of HCMV would differ in males and females. We analysed ex vivo innate cytokine responses to a panel of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in 108 nine-month-old Gambian males and females participating in a vaccine trial. We found evidence that HCMV suppressed reactivity to TLR2 and TLR7/8 stimulation in females but not males. This is likely to contribute to sex differences in responses to infections and vaccines in early life and has implications for the development of TLR ligands as vaccine adjuvants. Development of an effective HCMV vaccine would be able to circumvent some of these potentially negative effects of HCMV infection in childhood.
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41
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immune memory is essential for host defense against invaders and it is also used as a basis for vaccine development. For these reasons, it is crucial to understand its molecular basis. In this review, we describe recent findings on memory characteristics of innate-like lymphocytes and its contribution to host protection.(Figure is included in full-text article.) RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to adaptive immune cells, innate cells are also able to mount memory responses through a process called 'trained immunity.' Importantly, the lymphoid lineage is not restricted to cells carrying specific T-cell or B-cell receptors, but include cells with germline-encoded receptors. Recent studies show that these innate-like lymphocytes are able to generate efficient recall responses to reinfection. In different circumstances and depending on the cell type, innate-like lymphocyte memory can be antigen-specific or unspecific. Epigenetic changes accompany the generation of memory in these cells, but are still poorly defined. SUMMARY Immune memory is not restricted to antigen-specific cells, but also encompass different populations of innate immune cells. Innate-like lymphocytes embrace features of both innate and adaptive immune memory, and thus bridge adaptive and innate immune characteristics.
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42
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Xu W, Lau ZWX, Fulop T, Larbi A. The Aging of γδ T Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051181. [PMID: 32397491 PMCID: PMC7290956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coming decades, many developed countries in the world are expecting the “greying” of their populations. This phenomenon poses unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Aging is one of the most important risk factors for infections and a myriad of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. A common denominator that is implicated in these diseases is the immune system. The immune system consists of the innate and adaptive arms that complement each other to provide the host with a holistic defense system. While the diverse interactions between multiple arms of the immune system are necessary for its function, this complexity is amplified in the aging immune system as each immune cell type is affected differently—resulting in a conundrum that is especially difficult to target. Furthermore, certain cell types, such as γδ T cells, do not fit categorically into the arms of innate or adaptive immunity. In this review, we will first introduce the human γδ T cell family and its ligands before discussing parallels in mice. By covering the ontogeny and homeostasis of γδ T cells during their lifespan, we will better capture their evolution and responses to age-related stressors. Finally, we will identify knowledge gaps within these topics that can advance our understanding of the relationship between γδ T cells and aging, as well as age-related diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
| | - Zandrea Wan Xuan Lau
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6407-0412
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Girard P, Ponsard B, Charles J, Chaperot L, Aspord C. Potent Bidirectional Cross-Talk Between Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and γδT Cells Through BTN3A, Type I/II IFNs and Immune Checkpoints. Front Immunol 2020; 11:861. [PMID: 32435249 PMCID: PMC7218166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and γδT cells are both critical players in immunosurveillance against pathogens and cancer due to their ability to sense microbes and cell stress through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or altered metabolism [phosphoantigens (PAgs)]. Their unique features, high functional plasticity and ability to interact with many immune cell types allow them to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, initiating and orientating widely immune responses, hence contributing to protective and pathogenic immune responses. Yet, despite strategic and closed missions, potential interactions between pDCs and γδT cells are still unknown. Here we investigated whether there is interplay between pDCs and γδT cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Purified human pDCs and γδT cells were cocultured in presence of TLR-L, PAg, and zoledronate (Zol) to mimic both infectious and tumor settings. We demonstrated that TLR7/9L- or Zol-stimulated pDCs drive potent γδT-cell activation, Th1 cytokine secretion and cytotoxic activity. Conversely PAg-activated γδT cells trigger pDC phenotypic changes and functional activities. We provided evidence that pDCs and γδT cells cross-regulate each other through soluble factors and cell-cell contacts, especially type I/II IFNs and BTN3A. Such interplay could be modulated by blocking selective immune checkpoints. Our study highlighted crucial bidirectional interactions between these key potent immune players. The exploitation of pDC-γδT cells interplay represents a promising opportunity to design novel immunotherapeutic strategies and restore appropriate immune responses in cancers, infections and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Girard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Research and Development Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Benedicte Ponsard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Research and Development Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Charles
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France.,Dermatology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Research and Development Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Research and Development Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
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44
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Nelson CS, Baraniak I, Lilleri D, Reeves MB, Griffiths PD, Permar SR. Immune Correlates of Protection Against Human Cytomegalovirus Acquisition, Replication, and Disease. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S45-S59. [PMID: 32134477 PMCID: PMC7057792 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common infectious cause of infant birth defects and an etiology of significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. There is tremendous interest in developing a vaccine or immunotherapeutic to reduce the burden of HCMV-associated disease, yet after nearly a half-century of research and development in this field we remain without such an intervention. Defining immune correlates of protection is a process that enables targeted vaccine/immunotherapeutic discovery and informed evaluation of clinical performance. Outcomes in the HCMV field have previously been measured against a variety of clinical end points, including virus acquisition, systemic replication, and progression to disease. Herein we review immune correlates of protection against each of these end points in turn, showing that control of HCMV likely depends on a combination of innate immune factors, antibodies, and T-cell responses. Furthermore, protective immune responses are heterogeneous, with no single immune parameter predicting protection against all clinical outcomes and stages of HCMV infection. A detailed understanding of protective immune responses for a given clinical end point will inform immunogen selection and guide preclinical and clinical evaluation of vaccines or immunotherapeutics to prevent HCMV-mediated congenital and transplant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S Nelson
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Correspondence: Cody S. Nelson, Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710 ()
| | - Ilona Baraniak
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Lilleri
- Laboratory of Genetics, Transplantation, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matthew B Reeves
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Griffiths
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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45
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Massara L, Khairallah C, Yared N, Pitard V, Rousseau B, Izotte J, Giese A, Dubus P, Gauthereau X, Déchanet-Merville J, Capone M. Uncovering the Anticancer Potential of Murine Cytomegalovirus against Human Colon Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:250-261. [PMID: 32140563 PMCID: PMC7052516 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) components are often found in tumors, but the precise relationship between HCMV and cancer remains a matter of debate. Pro-tumor functions of HCMV were described in several studies, but an association between HCMV seropositivity and reduced cancer risk was also evidenced, presumably relying on recognition and killing of cancer cells by HCMV-induced lymphocytes. This study aimed at deciphering whether CMV influences cancer development in an immune-independent manner. Using immunodeficient mice, we showed that systemic infection with murine CMV (MCMV) inhibited the growth of murine carcinomas. Surprisingly, MCMV, but not HCMV, also reduced human colon carcinoma development in vivo. In vitro, both viruses infected human cancer cells. Expression of human interferon-β (IFN-β) and nuclear domain (ND10) were induced in MCMV-infected, but not in HCMV-infected human colon cancer cells. These results suggest a decreased capacity of MCMV to counteract intrinsic defenses in the human cellular host. Finally, immunodeficient mice receiving peri-tumoral MCMV therapy showed a reduction of human colon cancer cell growth, albeit no clinical sign of systemic virus dissemination was evidenced. Our study, which describes a selective advantage of MCMV over HCMV to control human colon cancer, could pave the way for the development of CMV-based therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Massara
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Khairallah
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Yared
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de Cytométrie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- University of Bordeaux, Service Commun des Animaleries, Animalerie A2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- University of Bordeaux, Service Commun des Animaleries, Animalerie A2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alban Giese
- University of Bordeaux, EA2406 Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- University of Bordeaux, EA2406 Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Gauthereau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de PCR Quantitative, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de Cytométrie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Myriam Capone
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de PCR Quantitative, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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46
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van der Heiden M, Björkander S, Rahman Qazi K, Bittmann J, Hell L, Jenmalm MC, Marchini G, Vermijlen D, Abrahamsson T, Nilsson C, Sverremark‐Ekström E. Characterization of the γδ T-cell compartment during infancy reveals clear differences between the early neonatal period and 2 years of age. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:79-87. [PMID: 31680329 PMCID: PMC7003854 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional T cells that function on the border of innate and adaptive immunity. They are suggested to play important roles in neonatal and infant immunity, although their phenotype and function are not fully characterized in early childhood. We aimed to investigate γδ T cells in relation to age, prematurity and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Therefore, we used flow cytometry to characterize the γδ T-cell compartment in cord blood and peripheral blood cells from 14-day-, 2-year- and 5-year-old children, as well as in peripheral blood samples collected at several time points during the first months of life from extremely premature neonates. γδ T cells were phenotypically similar at 2 and 5 years of age, whereas cord blood was divergent and showed close proximity to γδ T cells from 14-day-old neonates. Interestingly, 2-year-old children and adults showed comparable Vδ2+ γδ T-cell functionality toward both microbial and polyclonal stimulations. Importantly, extreme preterm birth compromised the frequencies of Vδ1+ cells and affected the functionality of Vδ2+ γδ T cells shortly after birth. In addition, CMV infection was associated with terminal differentiation of the Vδ1+ compartment at 2 years of age. Our results show an adult-like functionality of the γδ T-cell compartment already at 2 years of age. In addition, we demonstrate an altered γδ T-cell phenotype early after birth in extremely premature neonates, something which could possible contribute to the enhanced risk for infections in this vulnerable group of children.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/immunology
- Child Development
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature/growth & development
- Infant, Premature/immunology
- Male
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Julia Bittmann
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Lena Hell
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Giovanna Marchini
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics and Institute for Medical ImmunologyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of PaediatricsLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Caroline Nilsson
- Sachs’ Children and Youth HospitalSödersjukhusetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhusetKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eva Sverremark‐Ekström
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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47
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Jia ZH, Li YY, Wang JY, Zhang JY, Huang A, Guo XD, Zhu ZY, Wang FS, Wu XL. Activated γδ T cells exhibit cytotoxicity and the capacity for viral clearance in patients with acute hepatitis B. Clin Immunol 2019; 202:40-48. [PMID: 30914281 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are a unique population of lymphocytes that have regulatory roles in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, their role in acute hepatitis B (AHB) infection remains unclear. Phenotype and function of γδ T cells were analyzed in 29 AHB patients, 28 CHB patients, and 30 healthy controls (HCs) using immunofunctional assays. Compared with HCs and CHB patients, decreased peripheral and increased hepatic γδ T cells were found in AHB patients. Increased hepatic γδ T cells in AHB patients were attributed to elevated hepatic chemokine levels. Peripheral γδ T cells exhibited highly activated and terminally differentiated memory phenotype in AHB patients. Consistently, peripheral γδ T cells in AHB patients showed increased cytotoxic capacity and enhanced antiviral activity which was further proved in longitudinal study. Activated γδ T cells in AHB patients exhibited increased cytotoxicity and capacity for viral clearance associated with liver injury and the control of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ang Huang
- The Center for Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100039, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100039, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
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48
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Mangare C, Tischer-Zimmermann S, Riese SB, Dragon AC, Prinz I, Blasczyk R, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Eiz-Vesper B. Robust Identification of Suitable T-Cell Subsets for Personalized CMV-Specific T-Cell Immunotherapy Using CD45RA and CD62L Microbeads. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061415. [PMID: 30897843 PMCID: PMC6471767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections and reactivations remain a serious obstacle to successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). When antiviral drug treatment fails, adoptive virus-specific T-cell transfer provides an effective alternative. Assuming that naive T cells (TN) are mainly responsible for GvHD, methods were developed to generate naive T-cell-depleted products while preserving immune memory against viral infections. We compared two major strategies to deplete potentially alloreactive T cells: CD45RA and CD62L depletion and analyzed phenotype and functionality of the resulting CD45RA-/CD62L- naive T-cell-depleted as well as CD45RA⁺/CD62L⁺ naive T-cell-enriched fractions in the CMV pp65 and IE1 antigen model. CD45RA depletion resulted in loss of terminally differentiated effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA), and CD62L depletion in loss of central memory T cells (TCM). Based on these differences in target cell-dependent and target cell-independent assays, antigen-specific T-cell responses in CD62L-depleted fraction were consistently 3⁻5 fold higher than those in CD45RA-depleted fraction. Interestingly, we also observed high donor variability in the CD45RA-depleted fraction, resulting in a substantial loss of immune memory. Accordingly, we identified donors with expected response (DER) and unexpected response (DUR). Taken together, our results showed that a naive T-cell depletion method should be chosen individually, based on the immunophenotypic composition of the T-cell populations present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mangare
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sebastian B Riese
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anna C Dragon
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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49
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Fali T, Papagno L, Bayard C, Mouloud Y, Boddaert J, Sauce D, Appay V. New Insights into Lymphocyte Differentiation and Aging from Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity Measurements. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1962-1969. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Arruda LCM, Gaballa A, Uhlin M. Graft γδ TCR Sequencing Identifies Public Clonotypes Associated with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Efficacy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients and Unravels Cytomegalovirus Impact on Repertoire Distribution. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1859-1870. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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