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Peloquin M, Tovar A, Graves JL, Stefanovski D, Tucker K, Marietti E, Greenwood K, Halioua-Haubold CL, Juarez-Salinas D. Saturated fatty acid concentrations are predictive of insulin sensitivity and beta cell compensation in dogs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12639. [PMID: 38825593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic feeding of a high fat diet (HFD) in preclinical species induces broad metabolic dysfunction characterized by body weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and impaired insulin sensitivity. The plasma lipidome is not well characterized in dogs with HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction. We therefore aimed to describe the alterations that occur in the plasma lipid composition of dogs that are fed a HFD and examine the association of these changes with the clinical signs of metabolic dysfunction. Dogs were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity (SI) and beta cell compensation (AIRG) were assessed through an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and serum biochemistry was analyzed before the introduction of HFD and again after 12 weeks of continued ND or HFD feeding. Plasma lipidomics were conducted prior to the introduction of HFD and again at week 8 in both ND and HFD-fed dogs. 12 weeks of HFD feeding resulted in impaired insulin sensitivity and increased beta cell compensation measured by SI (ND mean: 11.5 [mU/l]-1 min-1, HFD mean: 4.7 [mU/l]-1 min-1) and AIRG (ND mean: 167.0 [mU/l]min, HFD mean: 260.2 [mU/l]min), respectively, compared to dogs fed ND over the same duration. Chronic HFD feeding increased concentrations of plasma lipid species and deleterious fatty acids compared to dogs fed a ND. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations were significantly associated with fasting insulin (R2 = 0.29), SI (R2 = 0.49) and AIRG (R2 = 0.37) in all dogs after 12 weeks, irrespective of diet. Our results demonstrate that chronic HFD feeding leads to significant changes in plasma lipid composition and fatty acid concentrations associated with metabolic dysfunction. High SFA concentrations may be predictive of deteriorated insulin sensitivity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - NBC, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, USA
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Tomoo K, Szramowski M, Pinal R, Meyer JM, Zhang Y, Murray-Kolb LE, Henderson GC. Albumin is an important factor in the control of serum free fatty acid flux in both male and female mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1065-1075. [PMID: 38482577 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00894.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice exhibit a low plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, but it was not known if the suppressed concentration reflects a lower rate of appearance (Ra) of FFA in the circulation (i.e., lower FFA flux) or if the absence of albumin alters the relationship between FFA flux and concentration. For understanding the role of albumin in FFA transport through the bloodstream, it is not sufficient to rely on FFA concentration data alone. Therefore, we developed a method to study FFA kinetics in Alb-/- mice. Using an albumin-free formulation of [U-13C]palmitate tracer, serum FFA kinetics were tested in Alb-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. Results indicate that the flux of FFA in serum of Alb-/- mice was significantly lower than in WT mice (P < 0.05), while albumin deficiency did not alter the relationship between FFA flux and concentration. Next, to test if suppressed lipolysis might have also been involved in the suppressed FFA kinetics, gene expression of a lipolytic enzyme (adipose triglyceride lipase, Atgl) and a marker of lipolysis (phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase, p-HSL) were measured in adipose tissue. In contrast to the low FFA flux in Alb-/-, both Atgl gene expression and p-HSL protein were significantly higher in adipose tissue of Alb-/- than in WT mice (P < 0.05). Thus, the low FFA flux in Alb-/- appeared to be driven by the absence of albumin's FFA binding functions rather than through regulation of lipolysis, indicating that albumin is an important factor in determining the flux of FFA in circulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To improve understanding of the albumin protein's function in vivo, we tested plasma free fatty acid kinetics in albumin knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Using a new tracer formulation strategy, it was discovered that the appearance rate of free fatty acids in serum is lower in albumin knockout mice than in wild-type mice. The results indicate that albumin is a major controller of free fatty acid kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Tomoo
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Mirandia Szramowski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Rodolfo Pinal
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Juliauna M Meyer
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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Della Pepa G, Carli F, Sabatini S, Pezzica S, Russo M, Vitale M, Masulli M, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Vaccaro O, Bozzetto L, Gastaldelli A. Clusters of adipose tissue dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes identify those with worse lipidomic profile despite similar glycaemic control. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3798. [PMID: 38558269 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate clusters of adipose tissue dysfunction, that is, with adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO-IR) and large waist circumference (WC), identify a worse lipidomic profile characterised by a high proportion of lipids rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hierarchical clustering based on WC and ADIPO-IR (calculated as fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acids times fasting plasma insulin, FFA×INS), was performed in 192 adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with metformin (HbA1c = 7.8%). Free fatty acid composition and lipidomic profile were measured by mass spectrometry (GC-MS and LC-MSQTOF). Indexes of fatty acid desaturation (stearoyl-coA desaturase-1 activity, SCD116 = palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid and SCD118 = oleic acid/stearic acid) and of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also calculated. RESULTS Three clusters were identified: CL1 (ADIPO-IR = 4.9 ± 2.4 and WC = 96±7 cm, mean ± SD), CL2 (ADIPO-IR = 6.5 ± 2.5 and WC = 114 ± 7 cm), and CL3 (ADIPO-IR = 15.0 ± 4.7 and WC = 107 ± 8 cm). Insulin concentrations, ADIPO-IR, and HOMA-IR significantly increased from CL1 to CL3 (all p < 0.001), while fasting glucose concentrations, HbA1c, dietary lipids and caloric intake were similar. Moreover, CL3 showed significantly higher concentrations of monounsaturated free fatty acids, oleic and palmitoleic acids, triglycerides (TAG) rich in saturated FA and associated with de novo lipogenesis (i.e., TAG 46-50), higher SCD116, SCD118, ceramide (d18:0/18:0), and phosphatidylcholine aa(36:5) compared with CL1/CL2 (all p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS High ADIPO-IR and large WC identify a worse lipid profile in T2D characterised by complex lipids rich in SFA, likely due to de novo synthesis given higher plasma monounsaturated FFA and increased desaturase activity indexes. REGISTRATION NUMBER TRIAL ID NCT00700856 https://clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabatini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Samantha Pezzica
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Liang Z, Sun G, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Qin S, Lv S, Ding J, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Lu D. Protein phosphatase 4 mediates palmitic acid-induced endothelial dysfunction by decreasing eNOS phosphorylation at serine 633 in HUVECs. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:113998. [PMID: 38513962 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Plasma saturated free fatty acid (FFA)-induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism underlying saturated FFA-induced ED remains unclear. This study demonstrated that palmitic acid (PA) induced ED by activating the NADPH oxidase (NOX)/ROS signaling pathway to activate protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), thereby reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at Ser633 and Ser1177, respectively. Okadaic acid (OA) and fostriecin (FST), which are inhibitors of PP2A, inhibited the PA-induced decreases in eNOS phosphorylation at Ser633 and Ser1177. The antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and apocynin (APO) or knockdown of gp91phox or p67phox (NOX subunits) restored PA-mediated downregulation of PP4R2 protein expression and eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation. Knockdown of the PP4 catalytic subunit (PP4c) specifically increased eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation, while silencing the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) restored only eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation. Furthermore, PA dramatically decreased the protein expression of the PP4 regulatory subunit R2 (PP4R2) but not the other regulatory subunits. PP4R2 overexpression increased eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation, nitric oxide (NO) production, cell migration and tube formation but did not change eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation levels. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) suggested that PP4R2 and PP4c interacted with the PP4R3α and eNOS proteins. In summary, PA decreases PP4R2 protein expression through the Nox/ROS pathway to activate PP4, which contributes to ED by dephosphorylating eNOS at Ser633. The results of this study suggest that PP4 is a novel therapeutic target for ED and ED-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junshi Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sha Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Deqin Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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6
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Balbuena-Pecino S, Montblanch M, Rosell-Moll E, González-Fernández V, García-Meilán I, Fontanillas R, Gallardo Á, Gutiérrez J, Capilla E, Navarro I. Impact of Hydroxytyrosol-Rich Extract Supplementation in a High-Fat Diet on Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) Lipid Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:403. [PMID: 38671851 PMCID: PMC11047642 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) enhance fish growth by optimizing nutrient utilization (i.e., protein-sparing effect); however, their potential negative effects have also encouraged the search for feed additives. This work has investigated the effects of an extract rich in a polyphenolic antioxidant, hydroxytyrosol (HT), supplemented (0.52 g HT/kg feed) in a HFD (24% lipid) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Fish received the diet at two ration levels, standard (3% of total fish weight) or restricted (40% reduction) for 8 weeks. Animals fed the supplemented diet at a standard ration had the lowest levels of plasma free fatty acids (4.28 ± 0.23 mg/dL versus 6.42 ± 0.47 in the non-supplemented group) and downregulated hepatic mRNA levels of lipid metabolism markers (ppara, pparb, lpl, fatp1, fabp1, acox1, lipe and lipa), supporting potential fat-lowering properties of this compound in the liver. Moreover, the same animals showed increased muscle lipid content and peroxidation (1.58- and 1.22-fold, respectively, compared to the fish without HT), suggesting the modulation of body adiposity distribution and an enhanced lipid oxidation rate in that tissue. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering this phytocompound as an optimal additive in HFDs for gilthead sea bream to improve overall fish health and condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Manel Montblanch
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrique Rosell-Moll
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Verónica González-Fernández
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Irene García-Meilán
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
| | | | - Ángeles Gallardo
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (M.M.); (E.R.-M.); (V.G.-F.); (I.G.-M.); (Á.G.); (J.G.); (E.C.)
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7
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Kerr AG, Andersson DP, Rydén M, Arner P. Insulin resistance in adipocytes: Novel insights into the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:468-475. [PMID: 38181524 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance in all major target tissues is present in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The resistance in adipocytes is not well described and was presently examined. METHODS In this observational study on isolated abdominal white subcutaneous adipocytes from 419 adults, concentration-response effects of insulin on lipolysis inhibition (glycerol release) and lipogenesis stimulation (glucose conversion to total lipids) were determined. Insights into early and late insulin signaling events were obtained through the determination of insulin sensitivity (half maximum effective concentration) and responsiveness (maximum effect), respectively. In a subgroup of 132 subjects, we analyzed the subcutaneous adipose mRNA expression of genes in the canonical insulin signaling pathway using microarray. These results were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 74 individuals. RESULTS While the insulin responsiveness was similar in subjects with or without Mets, the sensitivity to insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis and stimulation of lipogenesis was ∼tenfold lower in subjects with MetS (p < 0.0001). When age, sex, adipocyte volume, body mass index and body shape were considered, only the antilipolytic resistance was independently associated with MetS. The mRNA expression of several genes in the canonical insulin signaling pathway were altered in MetS (p < 0.0006 or better) where the mRNA levels of insulin receptor substrate 2 associated with the antilipolytic effect (Rho = 0.34; p = 0.0016). CONCLUSION The sensitivities of the antilipolytic and lipogenic effects of insulin are decreased in the MetS but only antilipolysis remains significant after multiple regression analysis. This resistance is localized at initial and receptor-near events in hormone signaling involving insulin receptor substrate 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair G Kerr
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Fróes FT, Da Ré C, Taday J, Galland F, Gonçalves CA, Leite MC. Palmitic acid, but not other long-chain saturated fatty acids, increases S100B protein and TNF-α secretion by astrocytes. Nutr Res 2024; 122:101-112. [PMID: 38215571 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem that involves fat accumulation in adipose and other tissues and causes cell dysfunction. Long-chain saturated fatty acids can induce and propagate inflammation, which may also contribute to the brain alterations found in individuals with obesity. Fatty acids accumulate in astrocytes in situations of blood‒brain barrier disruption, such as inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) secretion is considered an essential component of the inflammatory response. We hypothesize that through their action on astrocytes, long-chain saturated fatty acids mediate some of the brain alterations observed in individuals with obesity. Here, we investigate the direct effect of long-chain fatty acids on astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures were incubated for 24 hours with myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, or α-linolenic acids (25-100 µM). All saturated fatty acids tested led to an increase in TNF-α secretion, but only palmitic acid, one of the most common fatty acids, increased S100B secretion, indicating that S100B secretion is probably not caused in response to TNF-α release. Palmitic acid also caused nuclear migration of nuclear factor kappa B. Long-chain saturated fatty acids did not alter cell viability or redox status. In conclusion, long-chain saturated fatty acids can alter astrocytic homeostasis and may contribute to brain disorders associated with obesity, such as neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Telles Fróes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carollina Da Ré
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Taday
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Galland
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade dos Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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9
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Khapchaev AY, Vorotnikov AV, Antonova OA, Samsonov MV, Shestakova EA, Sklyanik IA, Tomilova AO, Shestakova MV, Shirinsky VP. Shear Stress and the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Independently Protect the Vascular Endothelium from Palmitate Lipotoxicity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:339. [PMID: 38397940 PMCID: PMC10886486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated free fatty acids are thought to play a critical role in metabolic disorders associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and their vascular complications via effects on the vascular endothelium. The most abundant saturated free fatty acid, palmitate, exerts lipotoxic effects on the vascular endothelium, eventually leading to cell death. Shear stress activates the endothelial AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor, and protects endothelial cells from lipotoxicity, however their relationship is uncertain. Here, we used isoform-specific shRNA-mediated silencing of AMPK to explore its involvement in the long-term protection of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against palmitate lipotoxicity and to relate it to the effects of shear stress. We demonstrated that it is the α1 catalytic subunit of AMPK that is critical for HUVEC protection under static conditions, whereas AMPK-α2 autocompensated a substantial loss of AMPK-α1, but failed to protect the cells from palmitate. Shear stress equally protected the wild type HUVECs and those lacking either α1, or α2, or both AMPK-α isoforms; however, the protective effect of AMPK reappeared after returning to static conditions. Moreover, in human adipose microvascular endothelial cells isolated from obese diabetic individuals, shear stress was a strong protector from palmitate lipotoxicity, thus highlighting the importance of circulation that is often obstructed in obesity/T2D. Altogether, these results indicate that AMPK is important for vascular endothelial cell protection against lipotoxicity in the static environment, however it may be dispensable for persistent and more effective protection exerted by shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asker Y. Khapchaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Alexander V. Vorotnikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Olga A. Antonova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Mikhail V. Samsonov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Shestakova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Igor A. Sklyanik
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Alina O. Tomilova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Marina V. Shestakova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Vladimir P. Shirinsky
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
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10
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Xu X, Wang D, Pan H, Li J, Li B, He Z. Ketonuria in an adult with Prader-Willi syndrome and diabetes mellitus: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37096. [PMID: 38277514 PMCID: PMC10817086 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple systems. Approximately one-quarter of PWS patients will develop diabetes. Given the uncontrolled hyperphagia and resultant severe obesity in these patients, their glycemic management poses a significant challenge. CASE REPORT We present the clinical profile of a male patient diagnosed with both PWS and diabetes. Previous administration of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor Canagliflozin resulted in improved glycemic control and weight management. But at the age of 25, the patient was hospitalized due to worsened glycemic control and the detection of ketonuria. After thorough examination and clinical observation, we discovered that the patient ketonuria was associated with enhanced lipid metabolism related to Canagliflozin. After excluding the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, adjustments of the hypoglycemic regimen, building upon prior treatment, were recommended for the patient. CONCLUSION It is important to note that among patients with both PWS and diabetes, the utilization of SGLT-2 inhibitors can lead to the emergence of ketonuria due to increased lipolysis. Therefore, any decision to discontinue SGLT-2 inhibitors should undergo thorough evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dayang Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular diseases, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huichai Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongchen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Chocarro-Calvo A, Jociles-Ortega M, García-Martinez JM, Louphrasitthiphol P, Garcia YV, Ramírez-Sánchez A, Chauhan J, Fiuza MC, Duran M, García-Jiménez C, Goding CR. Phenotype-specific melanoma uptake of fatty acid from human adipocytes activates AXL and CAV1-dependent β-catenin nuclear accumulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.21.576568. [PMID: 38328032 PMCID: PMC10849526 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.21.576568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Phenotypic diversity of cancer cells within tumors generated through bi-directional interactions with the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a major driver of disease progression and therapy resistance. Nutrient availability plays a critical role in determining phenotype, but whether specific nutrients elicit different responses on distinct phenotypes is poorly understood. Here we show, using melanoma as a model, that only MITF Low undifferentiated cells, but not MITF High cells, are competent to drive lipolysis in human adipocytes. In contrast to MITF High melanomas, adipocyte-derived free fatty acids are taken up by undifferentiated MITF Low cells via a fatty acid transporter (FATP)-independent mechanism. Importantly, oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated long chain fatty acid abundant in adipose tissue and lymph, reprograms MITF Low undifferentiated melanoma cells to a highly invasive state by ligand-independent activation of AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase associated with therapy resistance in a wide range of cancers. AXL activation by OA then drives SRC-dependent formation and nuclear translocation of a β-catenin-CAV1 complex. The results highlight how a specific nutritional input drives phenotype-specific activation of a pro-metastasis program with implications for FATP-targeted therapies.
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12
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Zhan M, Liu X, Xia X, Yang Y, Xie Y, Zhang L, Lin C, Zhu J, Ding W, Xu S. Promotion of neuroinflammation by the glymphatic system: a new insight into ethanol extracts from Alisma orientale in alleviating obesity-associated cognitive impairment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155147. [PMID: 37864890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the critical risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. The glymphatic system (GS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits. Alisma orientale has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic effects, whereas its effects and underlying mechanisms on obesity-associated cognitive impairment (OACI) are unclear. PURPOSE This work aims to decipher the mechanism of ethanol extracts from Alisma orientale (EEAO) in restoring cognitive impairment in HFD-induced obese mice through a GS approach. METHODS The restoration of abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism and excess adipose deposition by EEAO were assayed by biochemical analysis and visually displayed by a micro-CT scanner and Oil Red O staining. Biochemical assays and Western blotting (WB) were used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), free fatty acid (FFAs) levels and the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Microglial activation and neuroinflammation were assessed with immunohistochemistry staining, ELISA and WB. Moreover, GS function was determined by immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence tracer imaging and WB. Finally, the neuropathological features and cognitive functions were detested with immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence and Morris Water Maze. RESULTS EEAO not only alleviated body weight, cerebral lipid accumulation and serum FFAs in HFD-induced obese mice, but also increased CBF and BBB integrity. EEAO suppressed microglial activation and lipid deposition in the hippocampus and reduced the level of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissue. Interestingly, long-term HFD-induced GS dysfunction was significantly restored after EEAO intervention, and neuropathological lesions and cognitive deficits were also markedly rescued. CONCLUSION EEAO rescued the cognitive deficits of OACI by inhibiting neuroinflammation and restoring GS dysfunction, indicating a potential remedy for OACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunqiao Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiushuang Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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13
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Thornton T, Mills D, Bliss E. The impact of lipopolysaccharide on cerebrovascular function and cognition resulting from obesity-induced gut dysbiosis. Life Sci 2024; 336:122337. [PMID: 38072189 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic coinciding with a concomitant increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly dementia. Obesity is characterised by increased adiposity, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, which promote endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction reduces cerebrovascular function leading to reduced cerebral blood flow and, eventually, cognitive decline, thus predisposing to a neurodegenerative disease. Obesity is also characterised by gut dysbiosis and a subsequent increase in the lipopolysaccharide which increasingly activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and further promotes chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This also disrupts the crosstalk within the gut-brain axis, thus influencing the functions of the central nervous system, including cognition. However, the mechanisms by which obesity-related increases in oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are driven by, or associated with, increased systemic lipopolysaccharide leading to reduced cerebrovascular function and cognition, beyond normal ageing, have not been elucidated. Hence, this review examines how increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and the subsequent increased TLR4 activation observed in obesity exacerbate the development of obesity-induced reductions in cerebrovascular function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Thornton
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia.
| | - Dean Mills
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Edward Bliss
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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14
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Yuan D, Xu N, Song Y, Zhang Z, Xu J, Liu Z, Tang X, Han Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu P, Guo X, Wang Z, Liu R, Wang Q, Yao Y, Feng Y, Zhao X, Yuan J. Association Between Free Fatty Acids and Cardiometabolic Risk in Coronary Artery Disease: Results From the PROMISE Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:125-134. [PMID: 37540767 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The association between free fatty acids (FFAs) and unfavorable clinical outcomes has been reported in the general population. However, evidence in the secondary prevention population is relatively scarce. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relationship between FFA and cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS This study was based on a multicenter cohort of patients with CAD enrolled from January 2015 to May 2019. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Secondary outcomes included cardiac death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization. RESULTS During a follow-up of 2 years, there were 468 (3.0%) all-cause deaths, 335 (2.1%) cardiac deaths, and 1279 (8.1%) MACE. Elevated FFA levels were independently associated with increased risks of all-cause death, cardiac death, and MACE (all P < .05). Moreover, When FFA were combined with an original model derived from the Cox regression, there were significant improvements in discrimination and reclassification for prediction of all-cause death (net reclassification improvement [NRI] 0.245, P < .001; integrated discrimination improvement [IDI] 0.004, P = .004), cardiac death (NRI 0.269, P < .001; IDI 0.003, P = .006), and MACE (NRI 0.268, P < .001; IDI 0.004, P < .001). Notably, when stratified by age, we found that the association between FFA with MACE risk appeared to be stronger in patients aged ≥60 years compared with those aged <60 years. CONCLUSION In patients with CAD, FFAs are associated with all-cause death, cardiac death, and MACE. Combined evaluation of FFAs with other traditional risk factors could help identify high-risk individuals who may require closer monitoring and aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshan Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Han
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (FAHZU), Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yao
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
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Deng A, Wang Y, Huang K, Xie P, Mo P, Liu F, Chen J, Chen K, Wang Y, Xiao B. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) water extract alleviates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 hepatocytes via the activation of IRS1/PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and GSK-3β signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:460. [PMID: 38102588 PMCID: PMC10722847 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a typical element of a traditional Mediterranean diet and has potential health advantages for insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanism of artichoke water extract (AWE) on palmitate (PA)-induced IR in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. METHODS The effect of AWE on cell viability was determined using CCK8 assay. Cellular glucose uptake, glucose consumption, glucose production, and glycogen content were assessed after AWE treatment. The gene expression and protein levels were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that AWE dose-dependently increased cell viability in IR HepG2 cells (P < 0.01). AWE treatment significantly promoted glucose uptake and consumption, decreased glucose production, and increased the cellular glycogen content in IR HepG2 cells (P < 0.01). Mechanistically, AWE elevated the phosphorylation and total protein levels of major insulin signaling molecules in IR HepG2 cells, which resulted in a decrease in the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and the inhibition of glycogen synthase (GS) phosphorylation in IR HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the protective effect of AWE on IR HepG2 cells might be ascribed to the inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. CONCLUSION We conclude that AWE may improve glucose metabolism by regulating IRS1/PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and GSK-3β signaling associated with the inhibition of ER stress in IR HepG2 cells induced by PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education; Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province; Human Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fresh Wet Rice Noodels; College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education; Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province; Human Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fresh Wet Rice Noodels; College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Kerui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education; Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province; Human Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fresh Wet Rice Noodels; College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education; Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province; Human Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fresh Wet Rice Noodels; College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Ping Mo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education; Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province; Human Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fresh Wet Rice Noodels; College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Fengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education; Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province; Human Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fresh Wet Rice Noodels; College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sanjin Group Hunan Sanjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Kaiyi Chen
- Sanjin Group Hunan Sanjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Yun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Xiao
- Institute for Development and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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16
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Chen S, Li Z, Li H, Zeng X, Yuan H, Li Y. Novel lipid biomarkers and ratios as risk predictors for premature coronary artery disease: A retrospective analysis of 2952 patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:1172-1184. [PMID: 37986641 PMCID: PMC10710552 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between emerging lipid biomarkers (small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [sdLDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and free fatty acids [FFA]), two ratios (sdLDL-C/LDL-C and the triglyceride-glucose [TyG) index), and the Gensini score (GS) in patients with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) in relation to the extent of coronary stenosis. The authors evaluated a cohort of 2952 individuals undergoing coronary angiography (CAG), encompassing those with PCAD (n = 1749), late-onset coronary artery disease (LCAD; n = 328), and non-coronary artery disease (non-CAD; n = 575). Noteworthy differences were observed in the levels of the novel lipid biomarkers and ratio indexes among the PCAD, LCAD, and non-CAD groups (p < .05). Multiple logistic regression analyses pinpointed Lp(a) (OR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.22-5.63, p = .014) and the TyG index (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.08-5.93, p = .033) as independent risk factors for PCAD. Furthermore, these biomarkers and ratio indexes discerned substantial distinctions among PCAD patients with varying GS (p < .05). Consequently, these markers can proficiently anticipate the gravity of coronary artery stenosis (GS > 40) in PCAD patients, as evidenced by the ROC analysis. In conclusion, sdLDL-C, Lp(a), FFA, and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C and TyG indexes have considerable potential as risk and diagnostic markers for coronary artery stenosis in individuals afflicted with PCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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17
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Klobučar I, Hinteregger H, Lechleitner M, Trbušić M, Pregartner G, Berghold A, Sattler W, Frank S, Degoricija V. Association between Serum Free Fatty Acids and Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3197. [PMID: 38137418 PMCID: PMC10740773 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about the association between individual serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and clinical and laboratory parameters (indicators of heart failure severity) in acute heart failure (AHF) patients. Here, the baseline serum levels of FFAs, 16:0 (palmitic acid), 16:1 (palmitoleic acid), 18:0 (stearic acid), 18:1 (oleic acid), 18:2 (linoleic acid), 18:3 (alpha-linolenic acid or gamma-linolenic acid), 20:4 (arachidonic acid), 20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid), and 22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid), were determined in 304 AHF patients (94.7% belonged to New York Heart Association functional class IV) using gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the associations between the individual and total (the sum of all FFAs) FFAs and clinical and laboratory parameters. After applying a Bonferroni correction to correct for multiple testing, the total FFAs, as well as the individual FFAs (except FFAs 18:0, 20:5, and 22:6), were found to be significantly positively correlated with serum albumin. Only a few additional associations were found: FFA 16:0 was significantly negatively correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure, FFA 18:3 was significantly negatively correlated with C-reactive protein and body mass index, and FFA 20:4 was significantly negatively correlated with blood urea nitrogen. Based on our results, we conclude that in patients with severe AHF, individual and total serum FFAs are slightly associated with established laboratory and clinical parameters, which are indicators of heart failure severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Klobučar
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Helga Hinteregger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (M.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (M.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Matias Trbušić
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (M.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (M.L.); (W.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (M.L.); (W.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Messonnier LA. Physical Exercise or Activity and Energy Balance or Metabolism in the Context of Health and Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4909. [PMID: 38068767 PMCID: PMC10708250 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular long-lasting physical exercise demands a tremendous amount of metabolic energy [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent A. Messonnier
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Department of Sport Sciences, University Savoie Mont Blanc, F-73000 Chambéry, France; ; Tel.: +33(0)-4-79-75-81-85
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75231 Paris, France
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19
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Rafeeq MF. The link between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer disease: A mutual relationship and long rigorous investigation. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102084. [PMID: 37802319 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been illustrated that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. Components of MetS including central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia adversely affect the pathogenesis of AD by different mechanisms including activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), inflammatory signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, brain IR, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. MetS exacerbates AD neuropathology, and targeting of molecular pathways in MetS by pharmacological approach could a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of AD in high risk group. However, the underlying mechanisms of these pathways in AD neuropathology are not completely clarified. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the association between MetS and AD regarding the oxidative and inflammatory mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied science, University of technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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20
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Jayaraman S, Pérez A, Miñambres I, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Gursky O. LDL binding to cell receptors and extracellular matrix is proatherogenic in obesity but improves after bariatric surgery. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100451. [PMID: 37777014 PMCID: PMC10665669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global public health issue involving dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased risk of CVD. Weight loss reduces this risk, but the biochemical underpinnings are unclear. We explored how obesity and weight loss after bariatric surgery influence LDL interactions that trigger proatherogenic versus antiatherogenic processes. LDL was isolated from plasma of six patients with severe obesity before (basal) and 6-12 months after bariatric surgery (basal BMI = 42.7 kg/m2; 6-months and 12-months postoperative BMI = 34.1 and 30 kg/m2). Control LDL were from six healthy subjects (BMI = 22.6 kg/m2). LDL binding was quantified by ELISA; LDL size and charge were assessed by chromatography; LDL biochemical composition was determined. Compared to controls, basal LDL showed decreased nonatherogenic binding to LDL receptor, which improved postoperatively. Conversely, basal LDL showed increased binding to scavenger receptors LOX1 and CD36 and to glycosaminoglycans, fibronectin and collagen, which is proatherogenic. One year postoperatively, this binding decreased but remained elevated, consistent with elevated lipid peroxidation. Serum amyloid A and nonesterified fatty acids were elevated in basal and postoperative LDL, indicating obesity-associated inflammation. Aggregated and electronegative LDL remained elevated, suggesting proatherogenic processes. These results suggest that obesity-induced inflammation contributes to harmful LDL alterations that probably increase the risk of CVD. We conclude that in obesity, LDL interactions with cell receptors and extracellular matrix shift in a proatherogenic manner but are partially reversed upon postoperative weight loss. These results help explain why the risk of CVD increases in obesity but decreases upon weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobini Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inka Miñambres
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de Sant Pau, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Zhang G, Yang N, Liu Z, Chen X, Li M, Fu T, Zhang D, Zhao C. Genome-Assisted Probiotic Characterization and Application of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 18 as a Candidate Probiotic for Laying Hen Production. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2373. [PMID: 37894031 PMCID: PMC10609342 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics gained significant attention for their potential to improve gut health and enhance productivity in animals, including poultry. This comprehensive study focused on the genetic analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 18 (LP18) to understand its survival and colonization characteristics in the gastrointestinal tract. LP18 was supplemented in the late-stage diet of laying hens to investigate its impact on growth performance, egg quality, and lipid metabolism. The complete genome sequence of LP18 was determined, consisting of 3,275,044 base pairs with a GC content of 44.42% and two circular plasmids. Genomic analysis revealed genes associated with adaptability, adhesion, and gastrointestinal safety. LP18 supplementation significantly improved the daily laying rate (p < 0.05) during the late-production phase and showed noteworthy advancements in egg quality, including egg shape index (p < 0.05), egg albumen height (p < 0.01), Haugh unit (p < 0.01), and eggshell strength (p < 0.05), with notable improvements in eggshell ultrastructure. Additionally, LP18 supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum lipid content, including LDL (p < 0.01), FFA (p < 0.05), and Gly (p < 0.05). These findings provide valuable insights into the genomic characteristics of LP18 and the genes that support its survival and colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Importantly, this study highlights the potential of LP18 as a probiotic candidate to enhance productivity, optimize egg quality, and modulate lipid metabolism in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China; (G.Z.)
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22
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Cai Y, Wang S, Wang S, Gu Q, Huang Y, Li J, Wang R, Liu X. Effects of Yijinjing combined with resistance training on body fat distribution and hepatic lipids in middle-aged and older people with prediabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2023; 179:112250. [PMID: 37391104 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This randomized controlled trial aimed to study the effects of Yijinjing plus Elastic Band Resistance exercise on intrahepatic lipid (IHL), body fat distribution, glucolipid metabolism and biomarkers of inflammation in middle-aged and older people with pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM). PARTICIPANTS AGESND METHODS 34 PDM participants (mean age, 62.62 ± 4.71 years; body mass index [BMI], 25.98 ± 2.44 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to the exercise group (n = 17) or control group (n = 17). The exercise group performed moderate-intensity Yijinjing and Elastic Band Resistance training 5 times per week for 6 months. The control group maintained their previous lifestyle. We measured body composition (body weight and body fat distribution), IHL, plasma glucose, lipid and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), inflammatory cytokines at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS Compared with baseline, exercise significantly reduced IHL (reduction of 1.91 % ± 2.61 % vs an increase of 0.38 % ± 1.85 % for controls; P = 0.007), BMI (reduction of 1.38 ± 0.88 kg/m2 vs an increase of 0.24 ± 1.02 kg/m2 for controls; P = 0.001), upper limb fat mass, thigh fat mass and whole body fat mass. Fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, plasma total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were decreased in the exercise group (P < 0.05). There were no effects of exercise on liver enzyme levels and inflammatory cytokines. The decrease in IHL was positively correlated with the decreases in BMI, body fat mass and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Six months of Yijinjing and resistance exercise significantly reduced hepatic lipids and body fat mass in middle-aged and older people with PDM. These effects were accompanied by weight loss, improved glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Cai
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Deji Hospital, Qingdao University, Putuo District, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Suijun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunda Huang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiangyun Liu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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23
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Weng X, Wang C, Yuan YU, Wang Z, Kuang J, Yan XU, Chen H. Effect of Cold Exposure and Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and Serum Free Fatty Acids in Obese Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1409-1415. [PMID: 36924336 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effect of exercise and cold exposure on insulin sensitivity and the level of serum free fatty acids (FFA) in diet-induced obese rats. METHODS Sixty-four diet-induced obese rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: room temperature-sedentary, room temperature-exercise, acute cold exposure-sedentary, acute cold exposure-exercise, intermittent cold exposure-sedentary, intermittent cold exposure-exercise, sustained cold exposure-sedentary, and sustained cold exposure-exercise. After the interventions, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, the level of serum FFA, subcutaneous fat ratio (SFR) and visceral fat ratio, enzyme activities of adipose triglyceride lipase, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in inguinal adipose tissue, and protein expression of PGC1-α and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle were investigated. RESULTS We found that exercise ( P = 0.0136) and cold exposure ( P < 0.0001) reduced HOMA-IR values independently. Exercise reduced serum FFA ( P = 0.0041), whereas cold exposure did not affect them. Moreover, the HOMA-IR values were positively correlated with the serum FFA levels ( r = 0.32, P = 0.01). SFR or visceral fat ratio was coordinately reduced by the interaction (for SFR, P = 0.0015) or opposing main effects between or of cold exposure and exercise, supporting the reduction of serum FFA. However, cold exposure or exercise increased the activity of adipose triglyceride lipase and LPL independently or interactively (for LPL, P = 0.0143), suggesting an increase in serum FFA. Finally, cold exposure and exercise enhanced protein expression of PGC1-α and p38 MAPK independently or interactively (for p38 MAPK, P = 0.0226), suggesting increased uptake and oxidation of serum FFA in muscle. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the combination of exercise and cold exposure may result in more serum FFA utilization than production and thus lead to reduced serum FFA and increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiquan Weng
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, CHINA
| | | | - Y U Yuan
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, CHINA
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
| | | | | | - Hao Chen
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, CHINA
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24
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Cesaro A, De Michele G, Fimiani F, Acerbo V, Scherillo G, Signore G, Rotolo FP, Scialla F, Raucci G, Panico D, Gragnano F, Moscarella E, Scudiero O, Mennitti C, Calabrò P. Visceral adipose tissue and residual cardiovascular risk: a pathological link and new therapeutic options. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1187735. [PMID: 37576108 PMCID: PMC10421666 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1187735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogeneous disease that affects almost one-third of the global population. A clear association has been established between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, CVD risk is known to be related more to the local distribution of fat than to total body fat. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular has a high impact on CVD risk. This manuscript reviews the role of VAT in residual CV risk and the available therapeutic strategies for decreasing residual CV risk related to VAT accumulation. Among the many pathways involved in residual CV risk, obesity and particularly VAT accumulation play a major role by generating low-grade systemic inflammation, which in turn has a high prognostic impact on all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction. In recent years, many therapeutic approaches have been developed to reduce body weight. Orlistat was shown to reduce both weight and VAT but has low tolerability and many drug-drug interactions. Naltrexone-bupropion combination lowers body weight but has frequent side effects and is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Liraglutide and semaglutide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, are the latest drugs approved for the treatment of obesity, and both have been shown to induce significant body weight loss. Liraglutide, semaglutide and other GLP-1 agonists also showed a positive effect on CV outcomes in diabetic patients. In addition, liraglutide showed to specifically reduce VAT and inflammatory biomarkers in obese patients without diabetes. GLP-1 agonists are promising compounds to limit inflammation in human visceral adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianantonio De Michele
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, A.O.R.N. Dei Colli “V. Monaldi”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Acerbo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Scherillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Rotolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Scialla
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raucci
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Domenico Panico
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
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25
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Morales-Ferra DL, Zavala-Sánchez MÁ, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Trejo-Moreno C, González-Cortazar M, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Guerrero-Romero F, Zamilpa A. Chemical Characterization, Antilipidemic Effect and Anti-Obesity Activity of Ludwigia octovalvis in a Murine Model of Metabolic Syndrome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2578. [PMID: 37447139 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven is widely used in traditional medicine for different illnesses, including diabetes and hypertension. However, its impact on lipotoxicity and metabolic syndrome in vivo has not been addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this plant on the metabolic syndrome parameters in a C57BL6J mouse hypercaloric diet model. L. octovalvis hydroalcoholic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (25 mg/kg/day) were used for sub-chronic assessment (10 weeks). Additionally, four subfractions (25 mg/kg) were evaluated in the postprandial triglyceridemia test in healthy C57BL6J mice. The hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction significantly decreased body weight gain (-6.9 g and -1.5 g), fasting glycemia (-46.1 and -31.2 mg/dL), systolic (-26.0 and -22.5 mmHg) and diastolic (-8.1 and 16.2 mmHg) blood pressure, free fatty acid concentration (-13.8 and -8.0 μg/mL) and insulin-resistance (measured by TyG index, -0.207 and -0.18), compared to the negative control. A postprandial triglyceridemia test showed that the effects in the sub-chronic model are due, at least in part, to improvement in this parameter. L. octovalvis treatments, particularly the hydroalcoholic extract, improve MS alterations and decrease free fatty acid concentration. These effects are possibly due to high contents of corilagin and ellagic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Lourdes Morales-Ferra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Zavala-Sánchez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
| | - Celeste Trejo-Moreno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
| | - Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Durango 34067, Mexico
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Durango 34067, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
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26
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Ludovico ID, Sarkar S, Elliott E, Virtanen SM, Erlund I, Ramanadham S, Mirmira RG, Metz TO, Nakayasu ES. Fatty acid-mediated signaling as a target for developing type 1 diabetes therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:793-806. [PMID: 37706269 PMCID: PMC10591803 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2259099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic signaling drive the death of the insulin-producing β cells. This complex signaling is regulated in part by fatty acids and their bioproducts, making them excellent therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of the fatty acid actions on β cells by discussing how they can cause lipotoxicity or regulate inflammatory response during insulitis. We also discuss how diet can affect the availability of fatty acids and disease development. Finally, we discuss development avenues that need further exploration. EXPERT OPINION Fatty acids, such as hydroxyl fatty acids, ω-3 fatty acids, and their downstream products, are druggable candidates that promote protective signaling. Inhibitors and antagonists of enzymes and receptors of arachidonic acid and free fatty acids, along with their derived metabolites, which cause pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses, have the potential to be developed as therapeutic targets also. Further, because diet is the main source of fatty acid intake in humans, balancing protective and pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic fatty acid levels through dietary therapy may have beneficial effects, delaying T1D progression. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting fatty acid signaling hold potential as avenues to treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Díaz Ludovico
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily Elliott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Suvi M. Virtanen
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Governmental Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, and Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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27
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Zhang Y, Szramowski M, Sun S, Henderson GC. Combining albumin deficiency and acute exercise reduces hepatic lipid droplet size in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:78. [PMID: 37344835 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid droplets (LDs) are implicated in ectopic lipid accumulation. The core of LDs, triacylglycerol (TAG), is synthesized from the esterification of fatty acids to a glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) backbone. Albumin transports plasma free fatty acids, and previously albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice were shown to exhibit lower hepatic TAG levels than wildtype (WT). Exercise is a beneficial strategy to alter hepatic metabolism, but its impacts on reducing hepatic lipids are far from satisfactory. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of albumin deficiency and acute exercise on hepatic LDs. Eight-week-old male Alb-/- and WT mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups. Exercised mice performed a 30-min high-intensity exercise bout. Results showed that sedentary Alb-/- mice had smaller hepatic LDs (P < 0.0001), associated with mitochondria, while WT mice exhibited larger LDs, surrounded by glycogen granules. Following acute exercise, hepatic LDs in Alb-/- mice reduced by 40% in size, while in WT increased by 14% (P < 0.0001). The maintenance of WT hepatic LDs was associated with elevated G-3-P level (P < 0.05), potentially derived from glycogen (R = -0.32, %change in glycogen versus LD content, P < 0.05). The reduction in Alb-/- mice LDs after exercise was possibly due to their low glycogen level. In conclusion, Alb-/- mice exhibited an enhanced capacity for reducing hepatic LD size and content in response to exercise. These findings suggest that modulating albumin's functions combined with exercise could be a potential strategy to reduce ectopic lipid deposition in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mirandia Szramowski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shuhan Sun
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Lin SC, Tsou SH, Kuo CY, Chen WL, Wu KW, Lin CL, Huang CN. Denosumab Attenuates Glucolipotoxicity-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction and Apoptosis by Attenuating RANK/RANKL Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10289. [PMID: 37373436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes (T2D), mainly because free fatty acids (FFAs) are released from excess fat tissue. Long-term exposure to high levels of FFAs and glucose leads to glucolipotoxicity, causing damage to pancreatic β-cells, thus accelerating the progression of T2D. Therefore, the prevention of β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis is essential to prevent the development of T2D. Unfortunately, there are currently no specific clinical strategies for protecting β-cells, highlighting the need for effective therapies or preventive approaches to improve the survival of β-cells in T2D. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the monoclonal antibody denosumab (DMB), used in osteoporosis, displays a positive effect on blood glucose regulation in patients with T2D. DMB acts as an osteoprotegerin (OPG) by inhibiting the receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL), preventing the maturation and function of osteoclasts. However, the exact mechanism by which the RANK/RANKL signal affects glucose homeostasis has not been fully explained. The present study used human 1.4 × 107 β-cells to simulate the T2D metabolic condition of high glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs), and it investigated the ability of DMB to protect β-cells from glucolipotoxicity. Our results show that DMB effectively attenuated the cell dysfunction and apoptosis caused by high glucose and FFAs in β-cells. This may be caused by blocking the RANK/RANKL pathway that reduced mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) activation and indirectly increased pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) expression. Furthermore, the increase in inflammatory cytokines and ROS caused by the RANK/RANKL signal also played an important role in glucolipotoxicity-induced cytotoxicity, and DMB can also protect β-cells by reducing the mechanisms mentioned above. These findings provide detailed molecular mechanisms for the future development of DMB as a potential protective agent of β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Sing-Hua Tsou
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yin Kuo
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Kloska SM, Pałczyński K, Marciniak T, Talaśka T, Miller M, Wysocki BJ, Davis P, Wysocki TA. Conversion of fat to cellular fuel-Fatty acids β-oxidation model. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107860. [PMID: 37028176 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
β-oxidation of fatty acids plays a significant role in the energy metabolism of the cell. This paper presents a β-oxidation model of fatty acids based on queueing theory. It uses Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics, and literature data on metabolites' concentration and enzymatic constants. A genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters for the pathway reactions. The model enables real-time tracking of changes in the concentrations of metabolites with different carbon chain lengths. Another application of the presented model is to predict the changes caused by system disturbance, such as altered enzyme activity or abnormal fatty acid concentration. The model has been validated against experimental data. There are diseases that change the metabolism of fatty acids and the presented model can be used to understand the cause of these changes, analyze metabolites abnormalities, and determine the initial target of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester M Kloska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Pałczyński
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Marciniak
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Talaśka
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marissa Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, USA
| | - Beata J Wysocki
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
| | - Paul Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
| | - Tadeusz A Wysocki
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, USA
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30
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Zhao Z, Dong S, Sun T, Han K, Huang X, Ma M, Yang S, Zhou Y. The association between higher FFAs and high residual platelet reactivity among CAD patients receiving clopidogrel therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1115142. [PMID: 37304959 PMCID: PMC10250738 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic abnormalities are associated with the occurrence, severity, and poor prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), some of which affect the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel. Free fatty acids (FFAs) is a biomarker for metabolic abnormalities, and elevated FFAs is observed among CAD patients. Whether FFAs enhances residual platelet reactivity induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) while using clopidogrel was unknown. The purpose of our study is exploring the issue. Method Current study included 1,277 CAD patients using clopidogrel and used logistic regression to detect whether the higher level of FFAs is associated with high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR). We additionally performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the stability of the results. We defined HRPR as ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADPi) < 50% plus ADP-induced maximum amplitude (MAADP) > 47 mm. Results 486 patients (38.1%) showed HRPR. The proportion of HRPR among patients with higher FFAs (>0.445 mmol/L) is greater than among patients with lower FFAs (46.4% vs. 32.6%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that higher FFAs (>0.445 mmol/L) is independently associated with HRPR (adjusted OR = 1.745, 95% CI, 1.352-2.254). After subgroup and sensitivity analyses, the results remained robust. Conclusion The higher level of FFAs enhances residual platelet reactivity induced by ADP and is independently associated with clopidogrel HRPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tienan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangning Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meishi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Meng Z, Gao M, Wang C, Guan S, Zhang D, Lu J. Apigenin Alleviated High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Pyroptosis by Mitophagy-ROS-CTSB-NLRP3 Pathway in Mice and AML12 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7032-7045. [PMID: 37141464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is considered the most-known natural flavonoid and is abundant in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. A high fat diet (HFD) can induce liver injury and hepatocyte death in multiple ways. Pyroptosis is an innovative type of programmed cell death. Moreover, excessive pyroptosis of hepatocytes leads to liver injury. We used HFD to induce liver cell pyroptosis in C57BL/6J mice in this work. After gavage of apigenin, apigenin can significantly reduce the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver tissue ignited by HFD and reduce the levels of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3), the N-terminal domain of GSDMD (GSDMD-N), cleaved-caspase 1, cathepsin B (CTSB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) protein expression and the colocalization of NLRP3 and CTSB and increase the level of lysosomal associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) protein expression, thus alleviating cell pyroptosis. In a further in vitro mechanism study, we find that palmitic acid (PA) can induce pyroptosis in AML12 cells. After adding apigenin, apigenin can clear the damaged mitochondria through mitophagy and reduce the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus alleviating CTSB release caused by lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), reducing the LDH release caused by PA and reducing the levels of NLRP3, GSDMD-N, cleaved-caspase 1, CTSB, IL-1β, and IL-18 protein expression. By adding the mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA), LC3-siRNA, the CTSB inhibitor CA-074 methyl ester (CA-074 Me), and the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, the aforementioned results were further confirmed. Therefore, our results show that HFD-fed and PA can damage mitochondria, promote the production of intracellular ROS, enhance the lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), and cause the leakage of CTSB, thus activating the NLRP3 inflammatory body and inducing pyroptosis in C57BL/6J mice and AML12 cells, while apigenin alleviates this phenomenon through the mitophagy-ROS-CTSB-NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Meng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - DuoDuo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
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32
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Tan YC, Gan CY, Shafie MH, Yap PG, Mohd Rodhi A, Ahmad A, Murugaiyah V, Abdulla MH, Johns EJ. A comprehensive review on the pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides: A future anti-obesity strategy. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis contributes to obesity and can directly lead to several critical public health concerns globally. This paper aimed to present a brief review of related properties and the use of pancreatic lipase inhibitors as the future weight loss drug discovery and development procured from a wide range of natural sources. A total of 176 pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides were identified from recent publications and peptide databases. These peptides were classified into three categories according to their peptide length and further analyzed using bioinformatic approaches to identify their structural activity relationship. Molecular docking analyses were conducted for each amino acid at the terminal position of the peptides to predict the binding affinity between peptide-enzyme protein complexes based on intermolecular contact interactions. Overall, the observations revealed the features of the inhibitory peptides and their inhibitory mechanisms and interactions. These findings strived to benefit scientists whose research may be relevant to anti-obesity drug development and/or discovery thereby support effective translation of preclinical research for humans’ health being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chia Tan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Muhammad Hakimin Shafie
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Pei Gee Yap
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Ainolsyakira Mohd Rodhi
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MALAYSIA
- Center for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Mohammed H Abdulla
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College of Cork, Cork, IRELAND
| | - Edward James Johns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College of Cork, Cork, IRELAND
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33
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Masenga SK, Kabwe LS, Chakulya M, Kirabo A. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7898. [PMID: 37175603 PMCID: PMC10178199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolic syndrome is closely related to obesity. Increased adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving metabolic syndrome components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. An increasing number of studies confirm the importance of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the etiology of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have reviewed the mechanisms underlying the role of oxidative stress in contributing to metabolic syndrome. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase mitochondrial dysfunction, protein damage, lipid peroxidation, and impair antioxidant function in metabolic syndrome. Biomarkers of oxidative stress can be used in disease diagnosis and evaluation of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Lombe S. Kabwe
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
| | - Martin Chakulya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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Abdollahi A, Narayanan SK, Frankovich A, Lai YC, Zhang Y, Henderson GC. Albumin Deficiency Reduces Hepatic Steatosis and Improves Glucose Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2060. [PMID: 37432201 PMCID: PMC10181153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin facilitates the transport of free fatty acids (FFAs) from adipose tissue to other organs. It was not known if impeding this process could protect from hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. We tested whether albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice would exhibit a reduction in plasma FFA concentration, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, and improved glucoregulation as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Male homozygous albumin knockout mice (Alb-/-) and WT controls were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Alb-/- mice exhibited a similar body weight gain and body composition as WT on both diets. Despite HFD-induced obesity, Alb-/- mice were protected from various comorbidities. Compared to WT mice on the HFD, Alb-/- exhibited lower plasma FFA levels, lower blood glucose levels during glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, and lower hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Alb-/- mice on HFD also exhibited elevated expression of multiple genes in the liver and adipose tissues, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in both tissues, as well as glucose transporter-4 and adiponectin in adipose tissues. The results indicate that albumin's FFA transport function may be involved in the development of hepatic lipid accumulation and dysregulated glucose metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sanjeev K. Narayanan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Frankovich
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gregory C. Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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35
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Saalbach A, Seitz AT, Kohlmann J, Kalweit L, Vogt L, Selig L, Engel KM, Simon JC. Modulation of Dietary Fatty Acids in an Open-Label Study Improves Psoriasis and Dampens the Inflammatory Activation Status. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071698. [PMID: 37049538 PMCID: PMC10097201 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and high abdominal fat mass are risk factors for developing the chronic inflammatory skin disease psoriasis. They are associated with increased incidence, prevalence and severity of the disease. A positive effect of weight loss on psoriasis activity has been shown in several studies. Obesity-related factors such as the dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, the activation of adipose tissue and resultant persistent low-grade inflammation have been discussed as links of obesity and inflammatory diseases. Recently, we demonstrated a critical role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity-mediated exacerbation of psoriatic skin inflammation in both mice and humans. In the present study, we translated these findings into a therapeutic intervention. An open-label study focusing on the dietary reduction of FFAs was conducted in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis, and disease severity and serum markers of inflammation were analyzed. Here, we show that such a dietary intervention improves psoriatic disease activity independently of weight loss. Diet-related metabolic changes, such as a reduction in saturated free fatty acids (SFAs), may thus be more important than weight loss itself. Moreover, dietary intervention inhibited the overall pro-inflammatory activation status in patients, as shown by analysis of serum inflammatory parameters using the Olink platform. From our pilot study, we conclude that dietary intervention focusing on SFA reduction has the capacity to reduce disease activity and general inflammatory status in psoriasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna-Theresa Seitz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Kohlmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lena Kalweit
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Selig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin M. Engel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C. Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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36
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Hayden MR. Overview and New Insights into the Metabolic Syndrome: Risk Factors and Emerging Variables in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Cerebrocardiovascular Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030561. [PMID: 36984562 PMCID: PMC10059871 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a metabolic disorder that has been steadily increasing globally and seems to parallel the increasing prevalence of obesity. It consists of a cluster of risk factors which traditionally includes obesity and hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. These four core risk factors are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and, importantly, the MetS is known to increase the risk for developing cerebrocardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The MetS had its early origins in IR and syndrome X. It has undergone numerous name changes, with additional risk factors and variables being added over the years; however, it has remained as the MetS worldwide for the past three decades. This overview continues to add novel insights to the MetS and suggests that leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia, aberrant mitochondrial stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism with hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular stiffening, microalbuminuria, and visceral adipose tissues extracellular vesicle exosomes be added to the list of associated variables. Notably, the role of a dysfunctional and activated endothelium and deficient nitric oxide bioavailability along with a dysfunctional and attenuated endothelial glycocalyx, vascular inflammation, systemic metainflammation, and the important role of ROS and reactive species interactome are discussed. With new insights and knowledge regarding the MetS comes the possibility of new findings through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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37
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Cheng J, Lyu Y, Mei Y, Chen Q, Liu H, Li Y. Serum growth differentiation factor-15 and non-esterified fatty acid levels in patients with coronary artery disease and hyperuricemia. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:31. [PMID: 36864452 PMCID: PMC9979416 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High serum NEFA and GDF-15 are risk factors for CAD and have been linked to detrimental cardiovascular events. It has been hypothesized that hyperuricemia causes CAD via the oxidative metabolism and inflammation. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between serum GDF-15/NEFA and CAD in individuals with hyperuricemia. METHODS Blood samples collected from 350 male patients with hyperuricemia(191 patients without CAD and 159 patients with CAD, serum UA > 420 μmol/L) to measure serum GDF-15 and NEFA concentrations with baseline parameters. RESULTS Serum circulating GDF-15 concentrations(pg/dL) [8.48(6.67,12.73)] and NEFA levels(mmol/L) [0.45(0.32,0.60)] were higher in hyperuricemia patients with CAD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the OR (95% CI) for CAD were 10.476 (4.158, 26.391) and 11.244 (4.740, 26.669) in quartile 4 (highest) respectively. The AUC of the combined serum GDF-15 and NEFA was 0.813 (0.767,0.858) as a predictor of whether CAD occurred in male with hyperuricemia. CONCLUSIONS Circulating GDF-15 and NEFA levels correlated positively with CAD in male patients with hyperuricemia and measurements may be a useful clinical adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Cheng
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Clinical Laboratory,institute of translational medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongnan Lyu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Mei
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Clinical Laboratory,institute of translational medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Clinical Laboratory,institute of translational medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Liu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Clinical Laboratory,institute of translational medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory,institute of translational medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Aldamarany W, Taocui H, Liling D, Wanfu Y, Zhong G. Oral Supplementation with Three Vegetable Oils Differing in Fatty Acid Composition Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice by Regulating Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/160186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
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Alterations in the Plasma Protein Expression Pattern in Congenital Analbuminemia—A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030407. [PMID: 36979342 PMCID: PMC10046341 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is a highly abundant plasma protein with multiple functions, including the balance of fluid between body compartments and fatty acid trafficking. Humans with congenital analbuminemia (CAA) do not express albumin due to homozygosity for albumin gene mutation. Lessons about physiological control could be learned from CAA. Remarkably, these patients exhibit an apparently normal lifespan, without substantial impairments in physical functionality. There was speculation that tolerance to albumin deficiency would be characterized by significant upregulation of other plasma proteins to compensate for analbuminemia. It is unknown but possible that changes in plasma protein expression observed in CAA are required for the well-documented survival and general wellness. A systematic review of published case reports was performed to assess plasma protein pattern remodeling in CAA patients who were free of other illnesses that would confound interpretation. From a literature search in Pubmed, Scopus, and Purdue Libraries (updated October 2022), concentration of individual plasma proteins and protein classes were assessed. Total plasma protein concentration was below the reference range in the vast majority of CAA patients in the analysis, as upregulation of other proteins was not sufficient to prevent the decline of total plasma protein when albumin was absent. Nonetheless, an impressive level of evidence in the literature indicated upregulated plasma levels of multiple globulin classes and various specific proteins which may have metabolic functions in common with albumin. The potential role of this altered plasma protein expression pattern in CAA is discussed, and the findings may have implications for other populations with hypoalbuminemia.
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Pezzino S, Sofia M, Greco LP, Litrico G, Filippello G, Sarvà I, La Greca G, Latteri S. Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021166. [PMID: 36674680 PMCID: PMC9862076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries is alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma is a disease of epidemic proportions. It is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy and the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On the other hand, there is growing interest in microbiome dysbiosis, particularly in the gut, which has been widely acknowledged to play a prominent role in the etiology of metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies have begun to highlight the fact that microbiome dysbiosis could play a critical role in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the development and progression of several ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut microbiome dysbiosis can induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammation by causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As a result, bacteria and their metabolites could be delivered via the bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels to ocular regions at the level of the retina and optic nerve, causing tissue degeneration and neuroinflammation. Nowadays, there is preliminary evidence for the existence of brain and intraocular microbiomes. The altered microbiome of the gut could perturb the resident brain-ocular microbiome ecosystem which, in turn, could exacerbate the local inflammation. All these processes, finally, could lead to the death of RGC and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the recent evidence on the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis and related inflammation as common mechanisms underlying obesity and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Piero Greco
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Litrico
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Filippello
- Complex Operative Unit of Ophtalmology, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Iacopo Sarvà
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Greca
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0957263584
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Zhou XY, Li X, Zhang J, Li Y, Wu XM, Yang YZ, Zhang XF, Ma LZ, Liu YD, Wang Z, Chen SL. Plasma metabolomic characterization of premature ovarian insufficiency. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:2. [PMID: 36600288 PMCID: PMC9814329 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients are predisposed to metabolic disturbances, including in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and metabolic disorders appear to be a prerequisite of the typical long-term complications of POI, such as cardiovascular diseases or osteoporosis. However, the metabolic changes underlying the development of POI and its subsequent complications are incompletely understood, and there are few studies characterizing the disturbed metabolome in POI patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the plasma metabolome in POI by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) metabolomics and to evaluate whether these disturbances identified in the plasma metabolome relate to ovarian reserve and have diagnostic value in POI. METHODS This observational study recruited 30 POI patients and 30 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls in the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, from January 2018 to October 2020. Fasting venous blood was collected at 9:00 am on days 2-4 of the menstrual cycle and centrifuged for analysis. An untargeted quantitative metabolomic analysis was performed using UHPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Our study identified 48 upregulated and 21 downregulated positive metabolites, and 13 upregulated and 48 downregulated negative metabolites in the plasma of POI patients. The differentially regulated metabolites were involved in pathways such as caffeine metabolism and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. Six metabolites with an AUC value > 0.8, including arachidonoyl amide, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid, dihexyl nonanedioate, 18-HETE, cystine, and PG (16:0/18:1), were correlated with ovarian reserve and thus have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers of POI. CONCLUSION This UHPLC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics study revealed differentially expressed metabolites in the plasma of patients with POI. The differential metabolites may not only be involved in the aetiology of POI but also contribute to its major complications. These findings offer a panoramic view of the plasma metabolite changes caused by POI, which may provide useful diagnostic and therapeutic clues for POI disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Zhou
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhen Yang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Zi Ma
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Liu
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ling Chen
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No 1838 Guangzhou Northern Road, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
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Du T, Xiang L, Zhang J, Yang C, Zhao W, Li J, Zhou Y, Ma L. Vitamin D improves hepatic steatosis in NAFLD via regulation of fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1138078. [PMID: 37033263 PMCID: PMC10074590 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1138078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to explore the association of serum 25(OH)D3 and hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and to determine whether the effect of vitamin D (VD) is mediated by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway. METHODS The study contained a case-control study, in vivo and in vitro experiments. A case-control study was conducted to compare serum parameters between NAFLD patients and controls and to evaluate the association of 25(OH)D3 and NAFLD. In vivo study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and model groups, fed a standard chow diet and a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, for 7 weeks to generate an NAFLD model. Then, the rats were treated with VD and a PPARα antagonist (MK886) for 7 weeks. Tissue and serum were collected and assessed by biochemical assays, morphological analysis, histological analysis, and western blot analysis. In vitro, HepG2 cells were incubated with oleic acid (OA) to induce steatosis, which was evaluated by staining. HepG2 cells were pretreated with MK886 followed by calcitriol treatment, and differences in lipid metabolism-related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS NAFLD patients were characterized by impaired liver function, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Serum 25(OH)D3 was negatively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in NAFLD. VD deficiency was a risk factor for patients with no advanced fibrosis. Adequate VD status (25(OH)D3 >20 ng/mL) had a protective effect in patients after adjustment for confounding variables. NAFLD rats showed hyperlipidemia with severe hepatic steatosis, systematic inflammation, and lower serum 25(OH)D3. VD treatment ameliorated hepatic steatosis both in NAFLD rats and OA-induced HepG2 cells. Further, MK886 inhibited the anti-steatosis effect of VD. CONCLUSION The study revealed that an adequate VD level may act as a protective factor in NAFLD and that VD may alleviate hepatic steatosis via the PPARα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhou, ; Ling Ma,
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhou, ; Ling Ma,
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李 亚, 王 慧, 孟 玲, 吴 昊, 林 颖, 石 琳. [Serum free fatty acid level in children with primary hypertension]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:1334-1339. [PMID: 36544415 PMCID: PMC9785093 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2205079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the serum level of free fatty acid (FFA) in children with primary hypertension and its value in the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of primary hypertension in children. METHODS In this retrospective study, 34 children with primary hypertension who were treated for the first time in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January to June, 2021, were enrolled as the hypertension group, and 32 children with normal blood pressure who underwent physical examination during the same period were enrolled as the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of the levels of fasting serum FFA, fasting serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of FFA on the development of primary hypertension. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the hypertension group had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05), as well as significantly higher serum levels of FFA, TG, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C and a significantly lower serum level of HDL-C (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the hypertension group had significantly higher rates of elevated serum FFA (>0.45 mmol/L for girls and >0.60 mmol/L for boys) (P<0.05) and abnormal blood lipid levels (abnormality in at least one index among serum TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C) (P<0.05). A multivariate logistic regression equation was established based on age, sex, BMI, elevated serum FFA, and abnormal blood lipid levels, and the results showed that elevated serum FFA was an independent risk factor for primary hypertension in children (OR=17.560, 95%CI: 1.964-157.003, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in serum FFA level in children with primary hypertension, and the increase in serum FFA can increase the risk of primary hypertension in children.
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Li X, Zhao F, Fu C, Yang Y, Xu Q, Hao Y, Shi X, Chen D, Bi X, Gong Z, Wu S, Zhang H. Early- and whole-life exposures to florfenicol disrupts lipid metabolism and induces obesogenic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136429. [PMID: 36115475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF), a widely used veterinary antibiotic, has been frequently detected in both aquatic environments and human body fluids. As a result, there is a growing concern on its health risks. Previous studies have revealed various toxicities of FF on animals, while there are relatively limited researches on its metabolic toxicity. Herein, by employing zebrafish as an in vivo model, endpoints at multiple levels of biological organization were measured to investigate the metabolic toxicity, especially disturbances on lipid metabolism, of this emerging pollutant. Our results indicated that early-life exposure (from 2 h past fertilization (hpf) to 15 days past fertilization (dpf)) to FF significantly increased body mass index (BMI) values, staining areas of visceral lipids, and triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents of larvae. Further, by analyzing expression patterns of genes encoding key proteins regulating lipid metabolism, our data suggested that promoted intestinal absorption and hepatic de novo synthesis of lipids, suppressed TAG decomposition, and inhibited FFA oxidation all contributed to TAG accumulation in larvae. Following whole-life exposure (from 2 hpf to 120 dpf), BMI values, TAG and TC contents all increased significantly in males, and significant increases of hepatic TAG levels were also observed in females. Moreover, FF exposure interfered with lipid homeostasis of males and females in a gender-specific pattern. Our study revealed the obesogenic effects of FF at environmentally relevant concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) and therefore will benefit assessment of its health risks. Additionally, our results showed that FF exposure caused a more pronounced obesogenic effect in zebrafish larvae than adults, as suggested by significant increases of all endpoints at individual, tissular, and molecular levels in larvae. Therefore, our study also advances the application of zebrafish larval model in assessing metabolic toxicity of chemicals, due to the higher susceptibility of larvae than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Chen Fu
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Qianru Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yinfei Hao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Dong Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Zhilin Gong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Shujian Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
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Effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism and sexual development in pubertal obese male rats. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1531-1540. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on pubertal obese male rats, a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity was established in juvenile male rats. The model rats were divided into the treatment group (GH) and the non-treatment group (physiological saline). After 4 weeks, we measured the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). The morphological changes of the liver and testis were assessed, and the expression of aromatase was detected. The levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, E2, and IGF-1 in the treatment group were significantly lower than in the non-treated model rats (P < 0.001). The levels of HDL-C and T of GH-treated rats were significantly higher than those of the non-treatment group (P < 0.001). Compared with non-treated model rats, GH-treated model rats showed reduced liver steatosis, improved morphological structure of the testicular seminiferous tubules, and an increased number of spermatogenic cells. The treatment group also showed lower expression of aromatase in the liver and testis compared with the non-treatment group. GH partially protected pubertal male rats from obesity-induced lipid metabolic disorder and sexual retardation.
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Hood RB, Liang D, Tan Y, Ford J, Souter I, Jones DP, Hauser R, Gaskins AJ. Characterizing the follicular fluid metabolome: quantifying the correlation across follicles and differences with the serum metabolome. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:970-979. [PMID: 36175211 PMCID: PMC9938636 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the variability in metabolomes between the serum and follicular fluid, as well as across 3 dominant follicles. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING An academic fertility clinic in the northeastern United States, 2005-2015. PATIENTS One hundred thirty-five women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment who provided a serum sample during ovarian stimulation and up to 3 follicular fluid samples during oocyte retrieval. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry and 2 chromatography columns (C18 hydrophobic negative and hydrophilic interaction chromatography [HILIC] positive). We calculated overall, feature-specific, and subject-specific correlation coefficients to describe how strongly the intensity of overlapping metabolic features were associated between the serum and follicular fluid and between the 1st-2nd, 1st-3rd, and 2nd-3rd follicles. Feature-specific correlations were adjusted for age, body mass index, infertility diagnosis, ovarian stimulation protocol, and year. RESULT(S) From the C18-negative column and the high-resolution mass spectrometry, 7,830 serum features and 10,790 follicular fluid features were detected in ≥20% of samples. After screening retention times and checking for 1:1 matching, 1,928 features overlapped between the 2 metabolomes. From the HILIC-positive column and the high-resolution mass spectrometry, after applying the same exclusion criteria, there were 9,074 serum features, 5,542 follicular fluid features, and 1,149 features that overlapped. When comparing the feature intensity of overlapping metabolites in the serum and the follicular fluid, the overall (C18, 0.45; HILIC, 0.63), median feature-specific (C18, 0.35; HILIC, 0.37), and median subject-specific (C18, 0.42; HILIC, 0.59) correlations were low to moderate. In contrast, among the overlapping features across all 3 follicles, the overall (C18, all 0.99; HILIC, all 0.99), median feature-specific (C18, 0.74-0.81; HILIC, 0.79-0.85), and median subject-specific (C18, 0.88-0.89; HILIC, 0.90-0.91) correlations between follicular fluid metabolomics features within a woman were high. CONCLUSION(S) We observed minimal overlap and weak-to-moderate correlation between metabolomic features in the serum and follicular fluid but a large overlap and strong correlation between metabolomic features across follicles within a woman. The follicular fluid appears to represent a novel matrix, distinct from serum, which may be a rich source of biologic predictors of female fertility and reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Hood
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Souter
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Lin Y, Chen J, Liu J, Zhang X. Nutritional activities of luteolin in obesity and associated metabolic diseases: an eye on adipose tissues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4016-4030. [PMID: 36300856 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2138257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation and is a high-risk factor for metabolic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. In lean individuals, adipose tissue (AT) is not only an important regulatory organ for energy storage and metabolism, but also an indispensable immune and endocrine organ. The sustained energy imbalance induces adipocyte hypotrophy and hyperplasia as well as AT remodeling, accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation and adipocytes dysfunction in AT, ultimately leading to systemic insulin resistance and ectopic lipid deposition. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and possesses multifold biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Diet supplementation of this flavonoid has been reported to inhibit AT lipogenesis and inflammation as well as the ectopic lipid deposition, increase AT thermogenesis and systemic energy expenditure, and finally improve obesity and associated metabolic diseases. The purpose of this review is to reveal the nutritional activities of luteolin in obesity and its complications with emphasis on its action on AT energy metabolism, immunoregulation, and endocrine intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Derkach KV, Bondareva VM, Shpakov AO. [Influence of intranasally administered insulin on metabolic and hormonal parameters in adult male rats, impaired due to three-day fasting in the early postnatal period]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:263-271. [PMID: 36005844 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226804263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temporary cessation or restriction of breastfeeding can lead to metabolic disorders in adulthood. However, data on the effect of fasting in the early postnatal period on the functions of the endocrine system in adulthood are rare and contradictory. Approaches for the correction of metabolic and hormonal disorders caused by premature cessation of breastfeeding have not been developed yet. The aim of the work was to study the metabolic and hormonal parameters and changes in the hormonal status of the gonadal and thyroid systems in 10-month-old male rats with interruption of breastfeeding on days P19-P21, as well as to evaluate the restorative effect on them of four weeks of treatment with intranasal insulin (II) administered in the postnatal period (P28-P55) or in adulthood (P183-P210). Lactation interruption has been induced by treatment of lactating females with bromocriptine (10 mg/day/rat, P19-P21). Male rats with temporary cessation of breastfeeding developed characteristic signs of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperleptinemia), decreased levels of testosterone and thyroid hormones (fT4, tT3) and weakened the synthesis of testosterone and thyroxine, stimulated respectively by GnRH and thyroliberin. This was due to a decrease in the sensitivity of the testes to luteinizing hormone (LH) and the thyroid gland to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Treatment with II in early ontogenesis reduced body weight and fat, improved lipid profile, sensitivity to insulin, leptin, LH and TSH, restored the levels of testosterone and thyroid hormones and their stimulation by releasing factors. Treatment with II in adulthood normalized the levels of testosterone, thyroid hormones, their stimulation by releasing factors, but had a little effect on metabolic and hormonal parameters. The obtained data point to a wide range of metabolic and hormonal disorders in adult male rats with the "neonatal" model of metabolic syndrome and to the effectiveness of various strategies for their correction using long-term II treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Derkach
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - V M Bondareva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Shailesh H, Janahi IA. Role of Obesity in Inflammation and Remodeling of Asthmatic Airway. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070948. [PMID: 35888038 PMCID: PMC9317357 DOI: 10.3390/life12070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered as an important risk factor for the onset of asthma and plays a key role in enhancing the disease's severity. Obese asthmatic individuals represent a distinct phenotype of asthma that is associated with additional symptoms, more severe exacerbation, decreased response to standard medication, and poor quality of life. Obesity impairs the function of the lung airway in asthmatic individuals, leading to increased inflammation and severe remodeling of the bronchus; however, the molecular events that trigger such changes are not completely understood. In this manuscript, we review the current findings from studies that focused on understanding the role of obesity in modulating the functions of airway cells, including lung immune cells, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, leading to airway inflammation and remodeling. Finally, the review sheds light on the current knowledge of different therapeutic approaches for treating obese asthmatic individuals. Given the fact that the prevalence of asthma and obesity has been increasing rapidly in recent years, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the disease pathophysiology of obese asthmatic individuals for developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim A. Janahi
- Department of Medical Education, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-40032201
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Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. Supplementation on Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Markers in Subjects with Prediabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091937. [PMID: 35565903 PMCID: PMC9099674 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different parts of the Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) tree are consumed as food or food supplements for their nutritional and medicinal value; however, very few human studies have been published on the topic. The current work was aimed to provide ancillary analysis to the antidiabetic effects previously reported in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group intervention conducted in patients with prediabetes. Thus, the effect of MO leaves on blood and fecal inflammatory markers, serum lipid profile, plasma antioxidant capacity and blood pressure was studied in participants who consumed 6 × 400 mg capsule/day of MO dry leaf powder (MO, n = 31) or placebo (PLC, n = 34) over 12 weeks. Differences between groups were assessed using each biomarker’s change score with, adjustment for fat status and the baseline value. In addition, a decision tree analysis was performed to find individual characteristics influencing the glycemic response to MO supplementation. No differences in the biomarker’s change scores were found between the groups; however, the decision tree analysis revealed that plasma TNF-α was a significant predictor of the subject’s HbA1c response (improvement YES/NO; 77% correct classification) in the MO group. In conclusion, TNF-α seems to be a key factor to identify potential respondents to MO leaf powder.
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