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Neudecker D, Fritisch N, Sutter T, Lu L, Lu P, Tebruegge M, Santiago-Garcia B, Ritz N. Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis disease: a study protocol. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:481. [PMID: 38730343 PMCID: PMC11084122 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major public health challenge, particularly in children. A substantial proportion of children with TB disease remain undetected and unconfirmed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly sensitive point-of-care test. This study aims to assess the performance of serological assays based on various antigen targets and antibody properties in distinguishing children (0-18 years) with TB disease (1) from healthy TB-exposed children, (2) children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections, and (3) from children with TB infection. METHODS The study will use biobanked plasma samples collected from three prospective multicentric diagnostic observational studies: the Childhood TB in Switzerland (CITRUS) study, the Pediatric TB Research Network in Spain (pTBred), and the Procalcitonin guidance to reduce antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents (ProPAED) study. Included are children diagnosed with TB disease or infection, healthy TB-exposed children, and sick children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infection. Serological multiplex assays will be performed to identify M. tuberculosis antigen-specific antibody features, including isotypes, subclasses, Fc receptor (FcR) binding, and IgG glycosylation. DISCUSSION The findings from this study will help to design serological assays for diagnosing TB disease in children. Importantly, those assays could easily be developed as low-cost point-of-care tests, thereby offering a potential solution for resource-constrained settings. CLINICALTRIALS GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03044509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Neudecker
- Mycobacterial and Migrant Health Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Nora Fritisch
- Mycobacterial and Migrant Health Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland
- University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Sutter
- Department of Computer Science, Medical Data Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lenette Lu
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pei Lu
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marc Tebruegge
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatrics & National Reference Centre for Paediatric TB, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Begoña Santiago-Garcia
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Research Health Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBER INFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Mycobacterial and Migrant Health Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland.
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Children's Hospital, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland.
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2
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Zeng L, Ma X, Qu M, Tang M, Li H, Lei C, Ji J, Li H. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Ag85A and truncation of PstS1 fusion protein vaccines against tuberculosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27034. [PMID: 38463854 PMCID: PMC10920368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem, and the One Health approach is essential for controlling zoonotic tuberculosis. Therefore, a rationally designed and more effective TB vaccine is urgently needed. To enhance vaccine efficacy, it is important to design vaccine candidates that stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity against TB. In this study, we fused the secreted protein Ag85A as the T cell antigen with truncated forms of the mycobacterial cell wall protein PstS1 with B cell epitopes to generate vaccine candidates, Ag85A-tnPstS1 (AP1, AP2, and AP3), and tested their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice. The three vaccine candidates induced a significant increase in the levels of T cell-related cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17, and AP1 and AP2 can induce more balanced Th1/Th2 responses than AP3. Strong humoral immune responses were also observed in which the production of IgG antibodies including its subclasses IgG1, IgG2c, and IgG3 was tremendously stimulated. AP1 and AP2 induced early antibody responses and more IgG3 isotype antibodies than AP3. Importantly, the mice immunised with the subunit vaccine candidates, particularly AP1 and AP2, had lower bacterial burdens than the control mice. Moreover, the serum from immunised mice can enhance phagocytosis and phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages, which can help to eradicate intracellular bacteria. These results indicate that the subunit vaccines Ag85A-tnPstS1 can be promising vaccine candidates for tuberculosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiuling Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengjin Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minghui Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huoming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengrui Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahong Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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3
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Chugh S, Bahal RK, Dhiman R, Singh R. Antigen identification strategies and preclinical evaluation models for advancing tuberculosis vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:57. [PMID: 38461350 PMCID: PMC10924964 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In its myriad devastating forms, Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for centuries, and humanity is still affected by it. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of TB, was the foremost killer among infectious agents until the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the key healthcare strategies available to reduce the risk of TB is immunization with bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Although BCG has been widely used to protect against TB, reports show that BCG confers highly variable efficacy (0-80%) against adult pulmonary TB. Unwavering efforts have been made over the past 20 years to develop and evaluate new TB vaccine candidates. The failure of conventional preclinical animal models to fully recapitulate human response to TB, as also seen for the failure of MVA85A in clinical trials, signifies the need to develop better preclinical models for TB vaccine evaluation. In the present review article, we outline various approaches used to identify protective mycobacterial antigens and recent advancements in preclinical models for assessing the efficacy of candidate TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chugh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika Kar Bahal
- Marshall Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
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4
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Göritzer K, Groppelli E, Grünwald-Gruber C, Figl R, Ni F, Hu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Hu Q, Puligedda RD, Jung JW, Strasser R, Dessain S, Ma JKC. Recombinant neutralizing secretory IgA antibodies for preventing mucosal acquisition and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Mol Ther 2024; 32:689-703. [PMID: 38268188 PMCID: PMC10928148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Passive delivery of antibodies to mucosal sites may be a valuable adjunct to COVID-19 vaccination to prevent infection, treat viral carriage, or block transmission. Neutralizing monoclonal IgG antibodies are already approved for systemic delivery, and several clinical trials have been reported for delivery to mucosal sites where SARS-CoV-2 resides and replicates in early infection. However, secretory IgA may be preferred because the polymeric complex is adapted for the harsh, unstable external mucosal environment. Here, we investigated the feasibility of producing neutralizing monoclonal IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We engineered two class-switched mAbs that express well as monomeric and secretory IgA (SIgA) variants with high antigen-binding affinities and increased stability in mucosal secretions compared to their IgG counterparts. SIgAs had stronger virus neutralization activities than IgG mAbs and were protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in an in vivo murine model. Furthermore, SIgA1 can be aerosolized for topical delivery using a mesh nebulizer. Our findings provide a persuasive case for developing recombinant SIgAs for mucosal application as a new tool in the fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Göritzer
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Elisabetta Groppelli
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Figl
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fengfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuncheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Scott Dessain
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Julian K-C Ma
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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5
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McIntyre S, Warner J, Rush C, Vanderven HA. Antibodies as clinical tools for tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278947. [PMID: 38162666 PMCID: PMC10755875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global research efforts to improve TB control are hindered by insufficient understanding of the role that antibodies play in protective immunity and pathogenesis. This impacts knowledge of rational and optimal vaccine design, appropriate diagnostic biomarkers, and development of therapeutics. Traditional approaches for the prevention and diagnosis of TB may be less efficacious in high prevalence, remote, and resource-poor settings. An improved understanding of the immune response to the causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), will be crucial for developing better vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. While memory CD4+ T cells and cells and cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-g) have been the main identified correlates of protection in TB, mounting evidence suggests that other types of immunity may also have important roles. TB serology has identified antibodies and functional characteristics that may help diagnose Mtb infection and distinguish between different TB disease states. To date, no serological tests meet the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements for TB diagnosis, but multiplex assays show promise for improving the sensitivity and specificity of TB serodiagnosis. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and serum passive infusion studies in murine models of TB have also demonstrated some protective outcomes. However, animal models that better reflect the human immune response to Mtb are necessary to fully assess the clinical utility of antibody-based TB prophylactics and therapeutics. Candidate TB vaccines are not designed to elicit an Mtb-specific antibody response, but evidence suggests BCG and novel TB vaccines may induce protective Mtb antibodies. The potential of the humoral immune response in TB monitoring and control is being investigated and these studies provide important insight into the functional role of antibody-mediated immunity against TB. In this review, we describe the current state of development of antibody-based clinical tools for TB, with a focus on diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Rush
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Hillary A. Vanderven
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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6
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White AD, Tran AC, Sibley L, Sarfas C, Morrison AL, Lawrence S, Dennis M, Clark S, Zadi S, Lanni F, Rayner E, Copland A, Hart P, Diogo GR, Paul MJ, Kim M, Gleeson F, Salguero FJ, Singh M, Stehr M, Cutting SM, Basile JI, Rottenberg ME, Williams A, Sharpe SA, Reljic R. Spore-FP1 tuberculosis mucosal vaccine candidate is highly protective in guinea pigs but fails to improve on BCG-conferred protection in non-human primates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1246826. [PMID: 37881438 PMCID: PMC10594996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1246826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major health threat globally and a more effective vaccine than the current Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is required, either to replace or boost it. The Spore-FP1 mucosal vaccine candidate is based on the fusion protein of Ag85B-Acr-HBHA/heparin-binding domain, adsorbed on the surface of inactivated Bacillus subtilis spores. The candidate conferred significant protection against Mycobacterium. tuberculosis challenge in naïve guinea pigs and markedly improved protection in the lungs and spleens of animals primed with BCG. We then immunized rhesus macaques with BCG intradermally, and subsequently boosted with one intradermal and one aerosol dose of Spore-FP1, prior to challenge with low dose aerosolized M. tuberculosis Erdman strain. Following vaccination, animals did not show any adverse reactions and displayed higher antigen specific cellular and antibody immune responses compared to BCG alone but this did not translate into significant improvement in disease pathology or bacterial burden in the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. White
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Andy C. Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Sibley
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Sarfas
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra L. Morrison
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Lawrence
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Dennis
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clark
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Sirine Zadi
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Faye Lanni
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rayner
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hart
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gil Reynolds Diogo
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Gleeson
- Department of Oncology, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Simon M. Cutting
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Sporegen Ltd , London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan I. Basile
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin E. Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Williams
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A. Sharpe
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Roy A, Kumari Agnivesh P, Sau S, Kumar S, Pal Kalia N. Tweaking host immune responses for novel therapeutic approaches against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103693. [PMID: 37390961 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In TB, combat between the human host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis involves intricate interactions with immune cells. M. tuberculosis has evolved a complex evasion system to circumvent immune cells, leading to persistence and limiting its clearance by the host. Host-directed therapies are emerging approaches to modulate host responses, including inflammatory responses, cytokine responses, and autophagy, by using small molecules to curb mycobacterial infections. Targeting host immune pathways reduces the chances of antibiotic resistance to M. tuberculosis because, unlike antibiotics, this approach acts directly on the cells of the host. In this review, we discuss the role of immune cells during M. tuberculosis proliferation, provide a updated understanding of immunopathogenesis, and explore the range of host-modulating options for the clearance of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Puja Kumari Agnivesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Shashikanta Sau
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Nitin Pal Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India.
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8
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Stip MC, Jansen JHM, Nederend M, Tsioumpekou M, Evers M, Olofsen PA, Meyer-Wentrup F, Leusen JHW. Characterization of human Fc alpha receptor transgenic mice: comparison of CD89 expression and antibody-dependent tumor killing between mouse strains. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3063-3077. [PMID: 37338671 PMCID: PMC10412663 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Since mice do not express a homologue of the human Fc alpha receptor (FcαRI or CD89), a transgenic mouse model was generated in four different backgrounds (C57BL/6, BALB/c, SCID and NXG) expressing the FcαRI under the endogenous human promoter. In this study, we describe previously unknown characteristics of this model, such as the integration site of the FCAR gene, the CD89 expression pattern in healthy male and female mice and in tumor-bearing mice, expression of myeloid activation markers and FcγRs and IgA/CD89-mediated tumor killing capacity. In all mouse strains, CD89 expression is highest in neutrophils, intermediate on other myeloid cells such as eosinophils and DC subsets and inducible on, among others, monocytes, macrophages and Kupffer cells. CD89 expression levels are highest in BALB/c and SCID, lower in C57BL/6 and lowest in NXG mice. Additionally, CD89 expression on myeloid cells is increased in tumor-bearing mice across all mouse strains. Using Targeted Locus Amplification, we determined that the hCD89 transgene has integrated in chromosome 4. Furthermore, we established that wildtype and hCD89 transgenic mice have a similar composition and phenotype of immune cells. Finally, IgA-mediated killing of tumor cells is most potent with neutrophils from BALB/c and C57BL/6 and less with neutrophils from SCID and NXG mice. However, when effector cells from whole blood are used, SCID and BALB/c are most efficient, since these strains have a much higher number of neutrophils. Overall, hCD89 transgenic mice provide a very powerful model to test the efficacy of IgA immunotherapy against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein C Stip
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nederend
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Tsioumpekou
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Olofsen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike Meyer-Wentrup
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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9
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Krishnananthasivam S, Li H, Bouzeyen R, Shunmuganathan B, Purushotorman K, Liao X, Du F, Friis CGK, Crawshay-Williams F, Boon LH, Xinlei Q, Chan CEZ, Sobota R, Kozma M, Barcelli V, Wang G, Huang H, Floto A, Bifani P, Javid B, MacAry PA. An anti-LpqH human monoclonal antibody from an asymptomatic individual mediates protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:127. [PMID: 37626082 PMCID: PMC10457302 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Whilst a functional role for humoral immunity in Mtb protection remains poorly defined, previous studies have suggested that antibodies can contribute towards host defense. Thus, identifying the critical components in the antibody repertoires from immune, chronically exposed, healthy individuals represents an approach for identifying new determinants for natural protection. In this study, we performed a thorough analysis of the IgG/IgA memory B cell repertoire from occupationally exposed, immune volunteers. We detail the identification and selection of a human monoclonal antibody that exhibits protective activity in vivo and show that it targets a virulence factor LpqH. Intriguingly, protection in both human ex vivo and murine challenge experiments was isotype dependent, with most robust protection being mediated via IgG2 and IgA. These data have important implications for our understanding of natural mucosal immunity for Mtb and highlight a new target for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivankari Krishnananthasivam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rania Bouzeyen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinlei Liao
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fengjiao Du
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Claudia Guldager Kring Friis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felicity Crawshay-Williams
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Low Heng Boon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Xinlei
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Conrad En Zuo Chan
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Kozma
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valeria Barcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guirong Wang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Andreas Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Bifani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Babak Javid
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Pushpamithran G, Skoglund C, Olsson F, Méndez-Aranda M, Schön T, Segelmark M, Stendahl O, Gilman RH, Blomgran R. No impact of helminth coinfection in patients with smear positive tuberculosis on immunoglobulin levels using a novel method measuring Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:55. [PMID: 37386541 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Helminth/tuberculosis (TB)-coinfection can reduce cell-mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and increase disease severity, although the effects are highly helminth species dependent. Mtb have long been ranked as the number one single infectious agent claiming the most lives. The only licensed vaccine for TB (BCG) offers highly variable protection against TB, and almost no protection against transmission of Mtb. In recent few years the identification of naturally occurring antibodies in humans that are protective during Mtb infection has reignited the interest in adaptive humoral immunity against TB and its possible implementation in novel TB vaccine design. The effects of helminth/TB coinfection on the humoral response against Mtb during active pulmonary TB are however still unclear, and specifically the effect by globally prevalent helminth species such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Trichuris trichiura. Plasma samples from smear positive TB patients were used to measure both total and Mtb-specific antibody responses in a Peruvian endemic setting where these helminths are dominating. Mtb-specific antibodies were detected by a novel approach coating ELISA-plates with a Mtb cell-membrane fraction (CDC1551) that contains a broad range of Mtb surface proteins. Compared to controls without helminths or TB, helminth/TB coinfected patients had high levels of Mtb-specific IgG (including an IgG1 and IgG2 subclass response) and IgM, which were similarly increased in TB patients without helminth infection. These data, indicate that helminth/TB coinfected have a sustained humoral response against Mtb at the level of active TB only. More studies on the species-specific impact of helminths on the adaptive humoral response against Mtb using a larger sample size, and in relation to TB disease severity, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giggil Pushpamithran
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - Camilla Skoglund
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fanny Olsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Melissa Méndez-Aranda
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Thomas Schön
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County of Östergötland and Kalmar, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten Segelmark
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Department of Nephrology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Stendahl
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Mayland, USA
| | - Robert Blomgran
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden.
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11
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Carabalí-Isajar ML, Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Amado T, Patarroyo MA, Izquierdo MA, Lutz JR, Ocampo M. Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:206. [PMID: 37221438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a far-reaching, high-impact disease. It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide caused by a single infectious agent; 1.6 million tuberculosis-related deaths were reported in 2021 and it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are carriers of the tuberculosis bacillus but do not develop active disease. Several authors have attributed this to hosts' differential immune response in which cellular and humoral components are involved, along with cytokines and chemokines. Ascertaining the relationship between TB development's clinical manifestations and an immune response should increase understanding of tuberculosis pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms and correlating such material with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem globally. Mortality rates have not decreased significantly; rather, they are increasing. This review has thus been aimed at deepening knowledge regarding tuberculosis by examining published material related to an immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterial evasion mechanisms regarding such response and the relationship between pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations induced by this bacterium which are related to inflammation associated with tuberculosis dissemination through different routes.
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Grants
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- b PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- c Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
- d Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- f Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lilián Carabalí-Isajar
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences Programme, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, 111221, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Tatiana Amado
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Izquierdo
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Ricardo Lutz
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Marisol Ocampo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
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12
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Bohländer F. A new hope? Possibilities of therapeutic IgA antibodies in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127339. [PMID: 37051237 PMCID: PMC10083398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases represent a persistent burden for patients and the global healthcare system. The combination of high morbidity, (partially) high mortality and limited innovations in the last decades, have resulted in a great demand for new therapeutics. Are therapeutic IgA antibodies possibly a new hope in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases? Current research increasingly unravels the elementary functions of IgA as protector against infections and as modulator of overwhelming inflammation. With a focus on IgA, this review describes the pathological alterations in mucosal immunity and how they contribute to chronic inflammation in the most common inflammatory lung diseases. The current knowledge of IgA functions in the circulation, and particularly in the respiratory mucosa, are summarized. The interplay between neutrophils and IgA seems to be key in control of inflammation. In addition, the hurdles and benefits of therapeutic IgA antibodies, as well as the currently known clinically used IgA preparations are described. The data highlighted here, together with upcoming research strategies aiming at circumventing the current pitfalls in IgA research may pave the way for this promising antibody class in the application of inflammatory lung diseases.
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13
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Choa JBD, Sasaki T, Kajiura H, Ikuta K, Fujiyama K, Misaki R. Effects of various disaccharide adaptations on recombinant IgA1 production in CHO-K1 suspension cells. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:219-229. [PMID: 37163134 PMCID: PMC10018586 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been showing potential as a new therapeutic antibody. However, recombinant IgA suffers from low yield. Supplementation of the medium is an effective approach to improving the production and quality of recombinant proteins. In this study, we adapted IgA1-producing CHO-K1 suspension cells to a high concentration (150 mM) of different disaccharides, namely sucrose, maltose, lactose, and trehalose, to improve the production and quality of recombinant IgA1. The disaccharide-adapted cell lines had slower cell growth rates, but their cell viability was extended compared to the nonadapted IgA1-producing cell line. Glucose consumption was exhausted in all cell lines except for the maltose-adapted one, which still contained glucose even after the 9th day of culturing. Lactate production was higher among the disaccharide-adapted cell lines. The specific productivity of the maltose-adapted IgA1-producing line was 4.5-fold that of the nonadapted line. In addition, this specific productivity was higher than in previous productions of recombinant IgA1 with a lambda chain. Lastly, secreted IgA1 aggregated in all cell lines, which may have been caused by self-aggregation. This aggregation was also found to begin inside the cells for maltose-adapted cell line. These results suggest that a high concentration of disaccharide-supplemented induced hyperosmolarity in the IgA1-producing CHO-K1 cell lines. In addition, the maltose-adapted CHO-K1 cell line benefited from having an additional source of carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Benson D. Choa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- BioAcademia, Inc, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Faculty of Science, Osaka University Cooperative Research Station in Southeast Asia (OU:CRS), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ryo Misaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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14
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Qu M, Liang Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Liu Y, Dong Y, Ge X, Li H, Zhou X. Antibodies Targeting the Cell Wall Induce Protection against Virulent Mycobacterium bovis Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0343122. [PMID: 36847491 PMCID: PMC10100962 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03431-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that antibodies can protect against some intracellular pathogens. Mycobacterium bovis is an intracellular bacterium, and its cell wall (CW) is essential for its virulence and survival. However, the questions of whether antibodies play a protective role in immunity against M. bovis infection and what effects antibodies specific to the CW of M. bovis have still remain unclear. Here, we report that antibodies targeting the CW of an isolated pathogenic M. bovis strain and that of an attenuated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain could induce protection against virulent M. bovis infection in vitro and in vivo. Further research found that the antibody-induced protection was mainly achieved by promoting Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis, inhibiting bacterial intracellular growth, and enhancing the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes, and it also depended on T cells for its efficacy. Additionally, we analyzed and characterized the B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires of CW-immunized mice via next-generation sequencing. CW immunization stimulated BCR changes in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) isotype distribution, gene usage, and somatic hypermutation. Overall, our study validates the idea that antibodies targeting the CW induce protection against virulent M. bovis infection. This study highlights the importance of antibodies targeting the CW in the defense against tuberculosis. IMPORTANCE M. bovis is the causative agent of animal tuberculosis (TB) and human TB. Research on M. bovis is of great public health significance. Currently, TB vaccines are mainly aimed at eliciting protection by enhancement of cell-mediated immunity, and there are few studies on protective antibodies. This is the first report of protective antibodies against M. bovis infection, and the antibodies had both preventive and even therapeutic effects in an M. bovis infection mouse model. Additionally, we reveal the relationship between CDR3 gene diversity and the immune characteristics of the antibodies. These results will provide valuable advice for the rational development of TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Mundra A, Yegiazaryan A, Karsian H, Alsaigh D, Bonavida V, Frame M, May N, Gargaloyan A, Abnousian A, Venketaraman V. Pathogenicity of Type I Interferons in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3919. [PMID: 36835324 PMCID: PMC9965986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality due to infectious disease and rates have increased during the emergence of COVID-19, but many of the factors determining disease severity and progression remain unclear. Type I Interferons (IFNs) have diverse effector functions that regulate innate and adaptive immunity during infection with microorganisms. There is well-documented literature on type I IFNs providing host defense against viruses; however, in this review, we explore the growing body of work that indicates high levels of type I IFNs can have detrimental effects to a host fighting TB infection. We report findings that increased type I IFNs can affect alveolar macrophage and myeloid function, promote pathological neutrophil extracellular trap responses, inhibit production of protective prostaglandin 2, and promote cytosolic cyclic GMP synthase inflammation pathways, and discuss many other relevant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaash Mundra
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Aram Yegiazaryan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Haig Karsian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Dijla Alsaigh
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Victor Bonavida
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mitchell Frame
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Nicole May
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Areg Gargaloyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Arbi Abnousian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
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16
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Grace PS, Gunn BM, Lu LL. Engineering the supernatural: monoclonal antibodies for challenging infectious diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102818. [PMID: 36242952 PMCID: PMC9612313 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies can be deployed faster than antimicrobials and vaccines. However, the majority of mAbs treat cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas a minority treat infection. This is in part because targeting a single antigen by the antibody Fab domain is insufficient to stop the dynamic microbial life cycle. Thus, finding the 'right' antigens remains the focus of intense investigations. Equally important is the antibody-Fc domain that has the capacity to induce immune responses that enhance neutralization, and limit pathology and transmission. While Fc-effector functions have been less deeply studied, conceptual and technical advances reveal previously underappreciated antibody potential to combat diseases from microbes difficult to address with current diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. falciparum, and M. tuberculosis. What is learned about engineering antibodies for these challenging organisms will enhance our approach to new and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Grace
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Parkland Health & Hospital System, United States.
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17
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Singh K, Kumar R, Umam F, Kapoor P, Sinha S, Aggarwal A. Distinct and shared B cell responses of tuberculosis patients and their household contacts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276610. [PMID: 36282846 PMCID: PMC9595562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying the B cell responses which could distinguish between 'latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)' and active TB disease. Study subjects were smear-positive TB patients (n = 54) and their disease-free household contacts (HHCs, n = 120). The sera were used for determination of antibody levels (ΔOD values) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane (MtM) antigens by ELISA and for visualisation of seroreactive MtM antigens by immunoblotting. B cell subsets in whole blood samples were determined by flow cytometry. In TB sera, levels of IgG antibodies were significantly higher than IgM and IgA whereas IgM and IgA antibody levels were comparable. Conversely, HHC sera had significantly higher IgM antibody levels than IgG and IgA. The ratio of IgM to IgG antibodies in HHCs were also significantly higher than in patients. Immunoblotting revealed that some of the MtM antigens (<10, ~12 and ~25 kDa) reacted with TB as well as HHC sera whereas some other antigens (~16, ~36, ~45 and ~60 kDa) reacted with most of TB and a subset of HHC sera. Frequencies of classical memory B cells (cMBCs, CD19+CD27+) were significantly higher, and of IgG+ cMBCs were significantly lower in HHCs than in patients. Frequencies of IgA+ cMBCs in HHCs and patients were comparable but both were significantly higher than the corresponding frequencies of IgG+ cMBCs. Frequencies of IgA+ atypical MBCs (aMBCs, CD19+CD27-) in HHCs and patients were also comparable and significantly higher than the IgG+ aMBCs. The plasmablast (CD19+CD27++CD38++) frequencies in HHCs and patients were comparable. These results suggest that the IgM/IgG antibody ratio, antibody binding to selected MtM antigens and relative frequencies of MBC subsets could indicate protective or pathogenic immune responses following the primary infection with Mtb. Responses that orchestrate protection leading to a 'quiescent' LTBI may provide clues to an effective vaccination strategy against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Fareha Umam
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Prerna Kapoor
- DOTS Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudhir Sinha
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: (AA); (SS)
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: (AA); (SS)
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18
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Argentova V, Aliev T, Dolgikh D, Pakanová Z, Katrlík J, Kirpichnikov M. Features, modulation and analysis of glycosylation patterns of therapeutic recombinant immunoglobulin A. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:247-269. [PMID: 35377278 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2060594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the production of recombinant antibodies while ensuring high and stable protein quality remains a challenge in mammalian cell culture. This review is devoted to advances in the field of obtaining stable and optimal glycosylation of therapeutic antibodies based on IgA, as well as the subsequent issues of glycosylation control of glycoproteins during their production. Current studies also demonstrate a general need for a more fundamental understanding of the use of CHO cell-based producer cell lines, through which the glycoprofile of therapeutic IgA antibodies is produced and the dependence of glycosylation on culture conditions could be controlled. Optimization of glycosylation improves the therapeutic efficacy and can expand the possibilities for the creation of highly effective glycoprotein therapeutic drugs. Current status and trends in glycan analysis of therapeutic IgA, dominantly based on mass spectrometry and lectin microarrays are herein summarised as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Argentova
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Teimur Aliev
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dolgikh
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesShemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zuzana Pakanová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mikhail Kirpichnikov
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesShemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Chawla R, Rani V, Mishra M. Changing paradigms in the treatment of tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 69:389-403. [PMID: 36460368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a disease long dealt with, but still remains the second leading cause of death world-wide. The current anti-tubercular chemotherapy primarily targets the microbial pathogenesis, which however, is failing due to the development of drug resistance. Moreover, with fewer new drugs reaching the market, there is a need to focus on alternate treatment approaches that could be used as stand-alone or adjunct therapy and the existing drugs, referred to as Track II chemotherapy. This article is an attempt to review the changing global patterns of tuberculosis and its treatment. Further, newer drug delivery approaches like multi-particulate drug carriers which increase the therapeutic efficacy and bring down the systemic toxicity associated with drugs have also been discussed. There is also a need to use interventions which can be used as Track II therapy. Host-directed therapeutics (HDT) is an emerging area concept in which host cell functions and hence the response to pathogens can be modulated, which can help manage TB. HDT decreases damage induced due to inflammation and necrosis in the lungs and other parts of the body due to the disease. Various immuno-modulatory pathways have been discussed in this review which could be explored further to treat TB. An in-depth understanding of multi-particulate drug carriers and HDT could help in dealing with tuberculosis; however, there is still a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
| | - Varsha Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Mohini Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
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20
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Ding L, Chen X, Cheng H, Zhang T, Li Z. Advances in IgA glycosylation and its correlation with diseases. Front Chem 2022; 10:974854. [PMID: 36238099 PMCID: PMC9552352 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.974854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant immunoglobulin synthesized in the human body. It has the highest concentration in the mucosa and is second only to IgG in serum. IgA plays an important role in mucosal immunity, and is the predominant antibody used to protect the mucosal surface from pathogens invasion and to maintain the homeostasis of intestinal flora. Moreover, The binding IgA to the FcαRI (Fc alpha Receptor I) in soluble or aggregated form can mediate anti- or pro- inflammatory responses, respectively. IgA is also known as one of the most heavily glycosylated antibodies among human immunoglobulins. The glycosylation of IgA has been shown to have a significant effect on its immune function. Variation in the glycoform of IgA is often the main characteration of autoimmune diseases such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN), IgA vasculitis (IgAV), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, compared with the confirmed glycosylation function of IgG, the pathogenic mechanism of IgA glycosylation involved in related diseases is still unclear. This paper mainly summarizes the recent reports on IgA’s glycan structure, its function, its relationship with the occurrence and development of diseases, and the potential application of glycoengineered IgA in clinical antibody therapeutics, in order to provide a potential reference for future research in this field.
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21
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Yang C, Chen-Liaw A, Spindler MP, Tortorella D, Moran TM, Cerutti A, Faith JJ. Immunoglobulin A antibody composition is sculpted to bind the self gut microbiome. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabg3208. [PMID: 35857580 PMCID: PMC9421563 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most abundantly secreted immunoglobulin isotype, the pattern of reactivity of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies toward each individual's own gut commensal bacteria still remains elusive. By colonizing germ-free mice with defined commensal bacteria, we found that the binding specificity of bulk fecal and serum IgA toward resident gut bacteria resolves well at the species level and has modest strain-level specificity. IgA hybridomas generated from lamina propria B cells of gnotobiotic mice showed that most IgA clones recognized a single bacterial species, whereas a small portion displayed cross-reactivity. Orally administered hybridoma-produced IgAs still retained bacterial antigen binding capability, implying the potential for a new class of therapeutic antibodies. Species-specific IgAs had a range of strain specificities. Given the distinctive bacterial species and strain composition found in each individual's gut, our findings suggest the IgA antibody repertoire is shaped uniquely to bind "self" gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Liaw
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew P. Spindler
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas M. Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jeremiah J. Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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22
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Dieli F, Ivanyi J. Role of antibodies in vaccine-mediated protection against tuberculosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:758-760. [PMID: 35396489 PMCID: PMC8991659 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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23
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Carpenter SM, Lu LL. Leveraging Antibody, B Cell and Fc Receptor Interactions to Understand Heterogeneous Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830482. [PMID: 35371092 PMCID: PMC8968866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over a century of research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), continues to kill 1.5 million people annually. Though less than 10% of infected individuals develop active disease, the specific host immune responses that lead to Mtb transmission and death, as well as those that are protective, are not yet fully defined. Recent immune correlative studies demonstrate that the spectrum of infection and disease is more heterogenous than has been classically defined. Moreover, emerging translational and animal model data attribute a diverse immune repertoire to TB outcomes. Thus, protective and detrimental immune responses to Mtb likely encompass a framework that is broader than T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity. Antibodies, Fc receptor interactions and B cells are underexplored host responses to Mtb. Poised at the interface of initial bacterial host interactions and in granulomatous lesions, antibodies and Fc receptors expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T and B cells have the potential to influence local and systemic adaptive immune responses. Broadening the paradigm of protective immunity will offer new paths to improve diagnostics and vaccines to reduce the morbidity and mortality of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Carpenter
- Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, United States
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24
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Melkie ST, Arias L, Farroni C, Jankovic Makek M, Goletti D, Vilaplana C. The role of antibodies in tuberculosis diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy: a review from the ESGMYC study group. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210218. [PMID: 35264411 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0218-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still responsible for the deaths of >1 million people yearly worldwide, and therefore its correct diagnosis is one of the key components of any TB eradication programme. However, current TB diagnostic tests have many limitations, and improved diagnostic accuracy is urgently needed. To improve the diagnostic performance of traditional serology, a combination of different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens and different antibody isotypes has been suggested, with some showing promising performance for the diagnosis of active TB. Given the incomplete protection conferred by bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against adult pulmonary TB, efforts to discover novel TB vaccines are ongoing. Efficacy studies from advanced TB vaccines designed to stimulate cell-mediated immunity failed to show protection, suggesting that they may not be sufficient and warranting the need for other types of immunity. The role of antibodies as tools for TB therapy, TB diagnosis and TB vaccine design is discussed. Finally, we propose that the inclusion of antibody-based TB vaccines in current clinical trials may be advisable to improve protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tibebu Melkie
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain.,UCBL, UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lilibeth Arias
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Farroni
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Mateja Jankovic Makek
- Dept for Respiratory Diseases, University Clinical Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,ESCMID (European Society on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) study group on mycobacterial infections, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.,ESCMID (European Society on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) study group on mycobacterial infections, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Vilaplana
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,ESCMID (European Society on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) study group on mycobacterial infections, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Irvine EB, O'Neil A, Darrah PA, Shin S, Choudhary A, Li W, Honnen W, Mehra S, Kaushal D, Gideon HP, Flynn JL, Roederer M, Seder RA, Pinter A, Fortune S, Alter G. Robust IgM responses following intravenous vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin associate with prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macaques. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1515-1523. [PMID: 34811542 PMCID: PMC8642241 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Development of an effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine has suffered from an incomplete understanding of the correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Intravenous (i.v.) vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) provides nearly complete protection against TB in rhesus macaques, but the antibody response it elicits remains incompletely defined. Here we show that i.v. BCG drives superior antibody responses in the plasma and the lungs of rhesus macaques compared to traditional intradermal BCG administration. While i.v. BCG broadly expands antibody titers and functions, IgM titers in the plasma and lungs of immunized macaques are among the strongest markers of reduced bacterial burden. IgM was also enriched in macaques that received protective vaccination with an attenuated strain of Mtb. Finally, an Mtb-specific IgM monoclonal antibody reduced Mtb survival in vitro. Collectively, these data highlight the potential importance of IgM responses as a marker and mediator of protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Irvine
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony O'Neil
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sally Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alok Choudhary
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - William Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Priyadarshini Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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26
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Fischinger S, Cizmeci D, Shin S, Davies L, Grace PS, Sivro A, Yende-Zuma N, Streeck H, Fortune SM, Lauffenburger DA, Naidoo K, Alter G. A Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specific IgG3 Signature of Recurrent Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729186. [PMID: 34630406 PMCID: PMC8493041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
South Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection globally. Recurrent TB, caused by relapse or reinfection, makes up the majority of TB cases in South Africa, and HIV infected individuals have a greater likelihood of developing recurrent TB. Given that TB remains a leading cause of death for HIV infected individuals, and correlates of TB recurrence protection/risk have yet to be defined, here we sought to understand the antibody associated mechanisms of recurrent TB by investigating the humoral response in a longitudinal cohort of HIV co-infected individuals previously treated for TB with and without recurrent disease during follow-up, in order to identify antibody correlates of protection between individuals who do not have recurrent TB and individuals who do. We used a high-throughput, “systems serology” approach to profile biophysical and functional characteristics of antibodies targeting antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Differences in antibody profiles were noted between individuals with and without recurrent TB, albeit these differences were largely observed close to the time of re-diagnosis. Individuals with recurrent TB had decreased Mtb-antigen specific IgG3 titers, but not other IgG subclasses or IgA, compared to control individuals. These data point to a potential role for Mtb-specific IgG3 responses as biomarkers or direct mediators of protective immunity against Mtb recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States.,University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sally Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leela Davies
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia S Grace
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aida Sivro
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Medical Research Council - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (MRC-CAPRISA) HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Sarah M Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Medical Research Council - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (MRC-CAPRISA) HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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The role of microbiota in respiratory health and diseases, particularly in tuberculosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112108. [PMID: 34560539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of beneficial and hostile microorganisms live in the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which act as gatekeepers in maintaining human health, i.e., protecting the body from pathogens by colonizing mucosal surfaces with microbiota-derived antimicrobial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids or host-derived cytokines and chemokines. It is widely accepted that the microbiome interacts with each other and with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. Microbiota in the respiratory tract may also play a crucial role in immune homeostasis, maturation, and maintenance of respiratory physiology. Anti-TB antibiotics may cause dysbiosis in the lung and intestinal microbiota, affecting colonization resistance and making the host more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the lung microbiota composition, the lungs and intestinal microbiota related to respiratory health and diseases, microbiome sequencing and analysis, the bloodstream, and the lymphatic system that underpin the gut-lung axis in M. tuberculosis-infected humans and animals. We also discuss the gut-lung axis interactions with the immune system, the role of the microbiome in TB pathogenesis, and the impact of anti-TB antibiotic therapy on the microbiota in animals, humans, and drug-resistant TB individuals.
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28
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Soe PT, Hanthamrongwit J, Saelee C, Kyaw SP, Khaenam P, Warit S, Satproedprai N, Mahasirimongkol S, Yanai H, Chootong P, Leepiyasakulchai C. Circulating IgA/IgG memory B cells against Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c in active and latent tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:75-82. [PMID: 34284090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the antigenic potential of dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by examining the persistence of specific IgG and IgA memory B cells (MBCs) among patients with active tuberculosis (TB), household contacts with latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and an endemic healthy control group. METHODS Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the three study groups were used to enumerate the numbers of IgG and IgA MBCs specific to recombinant protein Rv2659c and Rv3128c by ELISpot assay. The composition of MBC subsets IgA+ and IgG + was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The number of IgA MBCs specific to antigen Rv2659c was significantly higher in the LTBI group than the TB group. In contrast, no significant difference was found in IgA or IgG MBCs against antigen Rv3128c. The number of IgA+ MBCs was significantly higher than that of IgG+ MBCs in the classical MBC subset of the LTBI group. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the dormancy-associated antigen Rv2659c induced an IgA MBCs response in individuals with latent TB, and IgA+ classical MBCs formed a major portion of the MBCs subset. This new knowledge will be beneficial for the development of novel TB vaccines and their control of latent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Thwe Soe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Technology, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Jariya Hanthamrongwit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutiphon Saelee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soe Paing Kyaw
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, (1000) Bedded General Hospital, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Center of Standardization and Product Validation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saradee Warit
- Industrial Tuberculosis Team, IMMBRG, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nusara Satproedprai
- Genomic Medicine and Innovation Support Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Genomic Medicine and Innovation Support Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Hideki Yanai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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29
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Hermann C, King CG. TB or not to be: what specificities and impact do antibodies have during tuberculosis? OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab015. [PMID: 36845566 PMCID: PMC9914581 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. The primary barrier to the development of an effective tuberculosis vaccine is our failure to fully understand the fundamental characteristics of a protective immune response. There is an increasing evidence that mobilization of antibody and B cell responses during natural Mtb infection and vaccination play a role in host protection. Several studies have assessed the levels of Mtb-specific antibodies induced during active disease as well as the potential of monoclonal antibodies to modulate bacterial growth in vitro and in vivo. A major limitation of these studies, however, is that the specific antigens capable of eliciting humoral responses are largely unknown. As a result, information about antibody dynamics and function, which might fundamentally transform our understanding of host Mtb immunity, is missing. Importantly, Mtb infection also induces the recruitment, accumulation and colocalization of B and T cells in the lung, which are positively correlated with protection in humans and animal models of disease. These ectopic lymphoid tissues generally support local germinal center reactions for the proliferation and ongoing selection of effector and memory B cells in the mucosa. Efforts to leverage such responses for human health, however, require a more complete understanding of how antibodies and B cells contribute to the local and systemic host Mtb immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Hermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn G King
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland,Correspondence address. Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. Tel: +41 61 265 3874; E-mail:
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30
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an infectious disease of global significance and a
leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries. Significant effort
has been directed towards understanding Mycobacterium
tuberculosis genomics, virulence, and pathophysiology within the
framework of Koch postulates. More recently, the advent of “-omics” approaches
has broadened our appreciation of how “commensal” microbes have coevolved with
their host and have a central role in shaping health and susceptibility to
disease. It is now clear that there is a diverse repertoire of interactions
between the microbiota and host immune responses that can either sustain or
disrupt homeostasis. In the context of the global efforts to combatting TB, such
findings and knowledge have raised important questions: Does microbiome
composition indicate or determine susceptibility or resistance to
M. tuberculosis infection? Is the
development of active disease or latent infection upon M.
tuberculosis exposure influenced by the microbiome? Does
microbiome composition influence TB therapy outcome and risk of reinfection with
M. tuberculosis? Can the microbiome be
actively managed to reduce risk of M.
tuberculosis infection or recurrence of TB? Here, we
explore these questions with a particular focus on microbiome-immune
interactions that may affect TB susceptibility, manifestation and progression,
the long-term implications of anti-TB therapy, as well as the potential of the
host microbiome as target for clinical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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31
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Rijnink WF, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. B-Cells and Antibodies as Contributors to Effector Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640168. [PMID: 33679802 PMCID: PMC7930078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB-disease burden. Most present vaccination strategies mainly aim to induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI), yet a series of independent studies has shown that B-cells and antibodies (Abs) may contribute significantly to reduce the mycobacterial burden. Although early studies using B-cell knock out animals did not support a major role for B-cells, more recent studies have provided new evidence that B-cells and Abs can contribute significantly to host defense against Mtb. B-cells and Abs exist in many different functional subsets, each equipped with unique functional properties. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the contribution of B-cells and Abs to immunity toward Mtb, their potential utility as biomarkers, and their functional contribution to Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn F Rijnink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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32
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Watson A, Li H, Ma B, Weiss R, Bendayan D, Abramovitz L, Ben-Shalom N, Mor M, Pinko E, Bar Oz M, Wang Z, Du F, Lu Y, Rybniker J, Dahan R, Huang H, Barkan D, Xiang Y, Javid B, Freund NT. Human antibodies targeting a Mycobacterium transporter protein mediate protection against tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:602. [PMID: 33504803 PMCID: PMC7840946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exposure drives antibody responses, but whether patients with active tuberculosis elicit protective antibodies, and against which antigens, is still unclear. Here we generate monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells of one patient to investigate the B cell responses during active infection. The antibodies, members of four distinct B cell clones, are directed against the Mtb phosphate transporter subunit PstS1. Antibodies p4-36 and p4-163 reduce Mycobacterium bovis-BCG and Mtb levels in an ex vivo human whole blood growth inhibition assay in an FcR-dependent manner; meanwhile, germline versions of p4-36 and p4-163 do not bind Mtb. Crystal structures of p4-36 and p4-170, complexed to PstS1, are determined at 2.1 Å and 2.4 Å resolution, respectively, to reveal two distinctive PstS1 epitopes. Lastly, a prophylactic p4-36 and p4-163 treatment in Mtb-infected Balb/c mice reduces bacterial lung burden by 50%. Our study shows that inhibitory anti-PstS1 B cell responses arise during active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avia Watson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Hao Li
- Centre for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingting Ma
- Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ronen Weiss
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Daniele Bendayan
- Pulmonary and Tuberculosis Department, Shmuel Harofe Hospital, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Lilach Abramovitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Noam Ben-Shalom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Michael Mor
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Erica Pinko
- Pulmonary and Tuberculosis Department, Shmuel Harofe Hospital, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Michal Bar Oz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- Centre for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjiao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Rony Dahan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Barkan
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ye Xiang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Babak Javid
- Centre for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Natalia T Freund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
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33
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Fan L, Wu Q, Kang S, Yang B, Wu C. The phenotypic and functional study of tissue B cells in respiratory system provided important information for diseases and development of vaccines. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2621-2632. [PMID: 33481318 PMCID: PMC7933955 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of tissue-resident B cells has received increasing attention, yet the feature of tissue B cells in respiratory system is unclear. Here, we first show that non-circulating B cells obtained from nasal, trachea and lung tissues are numerically and phenotypically distinct from their circulating counterparts. Analysis of single cell transcriptome sequence identified multiple differentially expressed genes between non-circulating B cells and circulating B cells, which illustrated their heterogeneity. Furthermore, we found high expression of CXCR3 on non-circulating B cells, and the chemokine CXCL11 was also up-regulated in the respiratory tissues, suggesting that CXCR3-CXCL11 axis might accelerate the local resident of non-circulating B cells in respiratory tract. Interestingly, intranasal immunization with BCG in mice elicited a sustained humoral immune response via induction of IgA and IgG Abs, which revealed the role of B cells. Meanwhile, tissue-resident B cells, IgA+ and IgG+ memory B cells (MBCs) in respiratory tissues, as well as plasma cells in bone marrow, were expanded and maintained, and these subsets probably developed into antibody-producing cells to participate in the local humoral immunity. Our data illustrate the phenotype and function of tissue B cells in the upper and lower airways, provide references for the prospective development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qiongli Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangpeng Kang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyan Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Clifford Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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van Gool MMJ, van Egmond M. IgA and FcαRI: Versatile Players in Homeostasis, Infection, and Autoimmunity. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 9:351-372. [PMID: 33447585 PMCID: PMC7801909 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s266242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces constitute the frontiers of the body and are the biggest barriers of our body for the outside world. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody class present at these sites. It passively contributes to mucosal homeostasis via immune exclusion maintaining a tight balance between tolerating commensals and providing protection against pathogens. Once pathogens have succeeded in invading the epithelial barriers, IgA has an active role in host-pathogen defense by activating myeloid cells through divers receptors, including its Fc receptor, FcαRI (CD89). To evade elimination, several pathogens secrete proteins that interfere with either IgA neutralization or FcαRI-mediated immune responses, emphasizing the importance of IgA-FcαRI interactions in preventing infection. Depending on the IgA form, either anti- or pro-inflammatory responses can be induced. Moreover, the presence of excessive IgA immune complexes can result in continuous FcαRI-mediated activation of myeloid cells, potentially leading to severe tissue damage. On the one hand, enhancing pathogen-specific mucosal and systemic IgA by vaccination may increase protective immunity against infectious diseases. On the other hand, interfering with the IgA-FcαRI axis by monovalent targeting or blocking FcαRI may resolve IgA-induced inflammation and tissue damage. This review describes the multifaceted role of FcαRI as immune regulator between anti- and pro-inflammatory responses of IgA, and addresses potential novel therapeutic strategies that target FcαRI in disease. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/xlijXy5W0xA
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Maria Johanna van Gool
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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35
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Suau R, Vidal M, Aguilar R, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vázquez-Santiago M, Jairoce C, Nhabomba AJ, Gyan B, Dosoo D, Asante KP, Owusu-Agyei S, Campo JJ, Izquierdo L, Cavanagh D, Coppel RL, Chauhan V, Angov E, Dutta S, Gaur D, Beeson JG, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. RTS,S/AS01 E malaria vaccine induces IgA responses against CSP and vaccine-unrelated antigens in African children in the phase 3 trial. Vaccine 2020; 39:687-698. [PMID: 33358704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of immune responses to RTS,S/AS01 has traditionally focused on immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies that are only moderately associated with protection. The role of other antibody isotypes that could also contribute to vaccine efficacy remains unclear. Here we investigated whether RTS,S/AS01E elicits antigen-specific serum IgA antibodies to the vaccine and other malaria antigens, and we explored their association with protection. METHODS Ninety-five children (age 5-17 months old at first vaccination) from the RTS,S/AS01E phase 3 clinical trial who received 3 doses of RTS,S/AS01E or a comparator vaccine were selected for IgA quantification 1 month post primary immunization. Two sites with different malaria transmission intensities (MTI) and clinical malaria cases and controls, were included. Measurements of IgA against different constructs of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) vaccine antigen and 16 vaccine-unrelated Plasmodium falciparum antigens were performed using a quantitative suspension array assay. RESULTS RTS,S vaccination induced a 1.2 to 2-fold increase in levels of serum/plasma IgA antibodies to all CSP constructs, which was not observed upon immunization with a comparator vaccine. The IgA response against 13 out of 16 vaccine-unrelated P. falciparum antigens also increased after vaccination, and levels were higher in recipients of RTS,S than in comparators. IgA levels to malaria antigens before vaccination were more elevated in the high MTI than the low MTI site. No statistically significant association of IgA with protection was found in exploratory analyses. CONCLUSIONS RTS,S/AS01E induces IgA responses in peripheral blood against CSP vaccine antigens and other P. falciparum vaccine-unrelated antigens, similar to what we previously showed for IgG responses. Collectively, data warrant further investigation of the potential contribution of vaccine-induced IgA responses to efficacy and any possible interplay, either synergistic or antagonistic, with protective IgG, as identifying mediators of protection by RTS,S/AS01E immunization is necessary for the design of improved second-generation vaccines. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT008666191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Miquel Vázquez-Santiago
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Augusto J Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ben Gyan
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana.
| | - David Dosoo
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana.
| | | | - Seth Owusu-Agyei
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana; Disease Control Department. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joseph J Campo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - David Cavanagh
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Ross L Coppel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Virander Chauhan
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Deepak Gaur
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Laboratory of Malaria and Vaccine Research, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique.
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36
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Pecetta S, Finco O, Seubert A. Quantum leap of monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery and development in the COVID-19 era. Semin Immunol 2020; 50:101427. [PMID: 33277154 PMCID: PMC7670927 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the global market for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) became a multi-billion-dollar business. This success is mainly driven by treatments in the oncology and autoimmune space. Instead, development of effective mAbs against infectious diseases has been lagging behind. For years the high production cost and limited efficacy have blocked broader application of mAbs in the infectious disease space, which instead has been dominated for almost a century by effective and cheap antibiotics and vaccines. Only very few mAbs against RSV, anthrax, Clostridium difficile or rabies have reached the market. This is about to change. The development of urgently needed and highly effective mAbs as preventive and therapeutic treatments against a variety of pathogens is gaining traction. Vast advances in mAb isolation, engineering and production have entirely shifted the cost-efficacy balance. MAbs against devastating diseases like Ebola, HIV and other complex pathogens are now within reach. This trend is further accelerated by ongoing or imminent health crises like COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), where antibodies could be the last resort. In this review we will retrace the history of antibodies from the times of serum therapy to modern mAbs and lay out how the current run for effective treatments against COVID-19 will lead to a quantum leap in scientific, technological and health care system innovation around mAb treatments for infectious diseases.
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37
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Ivanyi J. Tuberculosis vaccination needs to avoid 'decoy' immune reactions. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 126:102021. [PMID: 33254012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current search for a new effective vaccine against tuberculosis involves selected antigens, vectors and adjuvants. These are being evaluated usually by their booster inoculation following priming with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The purpose of this article is to point out, that despite being attenuated of virulence, priming with BCG may still involve immune mechanisms, which are not favourable for protection against active disease. It is postulated, that the responsible 'decoy' constituents selected during the evolution of pathogenic tubercle bacilli may be involved in the evasion from bactericidal host resistance and stimulate immune responses of a cytokine phenotype, which lead to the transition from latent closed granulomas to reactivation with infectious lung cavities. The decoy mechanisms appear as favourable for most infected subjects but leading in a minority of cases to pathology which can effectively transmit the infection. It is proposed that construction and development of new vaccine candidates could benefit from avoiding decoy-type immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Ivanyi
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Guy's Campus of Kings College London, SE1, 1UL, United kingdom.
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38
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Sterlin D, Fadlallah J, Adams O, Fieschi C, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Rajkumar A, Autaa G, El-Kafsi H, Charuel JL, Juste C, Jönsson F, Candela T, Wardemann H, Aubry A, Capito C, Brisson H, Tresallet C, Cummings RD, Larsen M, Yssel H, von Gunten S, Gorochov G. Human IgA binds a diverse array of commensal bacteria. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133553. [PMID: 31891367 PMCID: PMC7062531 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, several grams of IgA are secreted every day in the intestinal lumen. While only one IgA isotype exists in mice, humans secrete IgA1 and IgA2, whose respective relations with the microbiota remain elusive. We compared the binding patterns of both polyclonal IgA subclasses to commensals and glycan arrays and determined the reactivity profile of native human monoclonal IgA antibodies. While most commensals are dually targeted by IgA1 and IgA2 in the small intestine, IgA1+IgA2+ and IgA1−IgA2+ bacteria coexist in the colon lumen, where Bacteroidetes is preferentially targeted by IgA2. We also observed that galactose-α terminated glycans are almost exclusively recognized by IgA2. Although bearing signs of affinity maturation, gut-derived IgA monoclonal antibodies are cross-reactive in the sense that they bind to multiple bacterial targets. Private anticarbohydrate-binding patterns, observed at clonal level as well, could explain these apparently opposing features of IgA, being at the same time cross-reactive and selective in its interactions with the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EA 3518, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Asok Rajkumar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Autaa
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hela El-Kafsi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Charuel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Juste
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Candela
- EA 4043, Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hedda Wardemann
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Capito
- EA 4043, Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hélène Brisson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tresallet
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martin Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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39
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Tran AC, Diogo GR, Paul MJ, Copland A, Hart P, Mehta N, Irvine EB, Mussá T, Drake PMW, Ivanyi J, Alter G, Reljic R. Mucosal Therapy of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis With IgA and Interferon-γ. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582833. [PMID: 33193394 PMCID: PMC7606302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidence has been emerging that antibodies can be protective in various experimental models of tuberculosis. Here, we report on protection against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infection using a combination of the human monoclonal IgA 2E9 antibody against the alpha-crystallin (Acr, HspX) antigen and mouse interferon-gamma in mice transgenic for the human IgA receptor, CD89. The effect of the combined mucosal IgA and IFN-γ; treatment was strongest (50-fold reduction) when therapy was applied at the time of infection, but a statistically significant reduction of lung bacterial load was observed even when the therapy was initiated once the infection had already been established. The protection involving enhanced phagocytosis and then neutrophil mediated killing of infected cells was IgA isotype mediated, because treatment with an IgG version of 2E9 antibody was not effective in human IgG receptor CD64 transgenic mice. The Acr antigen specificity of IgA antibodies for protection in humans has been indicated by their elevated serum levels in latent tuberculosis unlike the lack of IgA antibodies against the virulence-associated MPT64 antigen. Our results represent the first evidence for potential translation of mucosal immunotherapy for the management of MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gil R Diogo
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hart
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Tufária Mussá
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.,Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pascal M W Drake
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juraj Ivanyi
- Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique.,Guy's Campus of King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
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Sterlin D, Gorochov G. When Therapeutic IgA Antibodies Might Come of Age. Pharmacology 2020; 106:9-19. [PMID: 32950975 DOI: 10.1159/000510251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive efforts have been made in optimizing monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies for use in clinical practice. Accumulating evidence suggests that IgA or anti-FcαRI could also represent an exciting avenue toward novel therapeutic strategies. SUMMARY Here, we underline that IgA is more effective in recruiting neutrophils for tumor cell killing and is potently active against several pathogens, including rotavirus, poliovirus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. IgA could also be used to modulate excessive immune responses in inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, secretory IgA is emerging as a major regulator of gut microbiota, which impacts intestinal homeostasis and global health as well. As such, IgA could be used to promote a healthy microbiota in a therapeutic setting. Key messages: IgA combines multifaceted functions that can be desirable for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France,
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41
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Moore DK, Leisching GR, Snyders CI, Gutschmidt A, van Rensburg IC, Loxton AG. Immunoglobulin profile and B-cell frequencies are altered with changes in the cellular microenvironment independent of the stimulation conditions. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:458-467. [PMID: 32639690 PMCID: PMC7416019 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction B‐cells are essential in the defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Studies on isolated cells may not accurately reflect the responses that occur in vivo due to the presence of other cells. This study elucidated the influence of microenvironment complexity on B‐cell polarization and function in the context of tuberculosis disease. Methods B‐cell function was tested in whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and as isolated cells. The different fractions were stimulated and the B‐cell phenotype and immunoglobulin profiles analyzed. Results The immunoglobulin profile and developmental B‐cell frequencies varied for each of the investigated sample types, while in an isolated cellular environment, secretion of immunoglobulin isotypes immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG2, and IgG3 was hampered. The differences in the immunoglobulin profile highlight the importance of cell‐cell communication for B‐cell activation. Furthermore, a decrease in marginal zone B‐cell frequencies and an increase in T1 B‐cells was observed following cell isolation, indicating impaired B‐cell development in response to in vitro antigenic stimulation in isolation. Conclusion Our results suggest that humoral B‐cell function and development was impaired likely due to a lack of costimulatory signals from other cell types. Thus, B‐cell function should ideally be studied in a PBMC or whole blood fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle K Moore
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gina R Leisching
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice I Snyders
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrea Gutschmidt
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ilana C van Rensburg
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre G Loxton
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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42
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Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124351. [PMID: 32570978 PMCID: PMC7352966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological responses play integral roles in vulnerability to NTM infections, and may contribute to the onset of specific types of NTM infection. Furthermore, distinct NTM species are known to affect and attenuate these host immune responses in unique manners. Therefore, host immune responses must be understood with respect to each causative NTM species. Here, we review innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral immunity to NTM and provide perspectives on novel diagnostic approaches regarding each NTM species.
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Abstract
TB is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent globally, followed by HIV. Furthermore, TB represents the leading cause of death among people with HIV. HIV is known to cause severe defects in T cell immunity, rendering HIV/TB-coinfected individuals more susceptible to TB disease progression and complicating accurate TB disease diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate that HIV infection is additionally associated with severely compromised antibody responses, particularly in individuals with active TB. Moreover, despite the influence of HIV infection, antibody profiles still allow accurate classification of individuals with active versus latent TB. These findings reveal novel immunologic challenges associated with HIV/TB coinfection and additionally provide a basis with which to leverage the key antibody features identified to potentially combat TB globally via next-generation therapeutic or diagnostic design. Tuberculosis (TB) represents the largest cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in part due to HIV-related CD4+ T cell loss, rendering patients immunocompromised and susceptible to a loss of Mycobacterium tuberculosis control. However, in light of increasing data pointing to a role for humoral immunity in controlling M. tuberculosis infection, here, we aimed to define whether HIV infection also alters the humoral immune response in subjects with active and latent TB. We show that in the setting of active TB, HIV-positive individuals have significantly lower IgG responses to LAM and Ag85 than HIV-negative individuals. Furthermore, significant isotype/subclass-specific differences were frequently observed, with active TB, HIV-positive individuals demonstrating compromised antigen-specific IgM titers. HIV-infected individuals with active TB also exhibited a significant loss of influenza hemagglutinin- and tetanus toxoid-specific antibody titers at the isotype/subclass level, a symptom of broad humoral immune dysfunction likely precipitated by HIV infection. Finally, we illustrated that despite the influence of HIV infection, differences in M. tuberculosis-specific antibody profiles persist between latent and active TB disease. Taken together, these findings reveal significant HIV-associated disruptions of the humoral immune response in HIV/TB-coinfected individuals. IMPORTANCE TB is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent globally, followed by HIV. Furthermore, TB represents the leading cause of death among people with HIV. HIV is known to cause severe defects in T cell immunity, rendering HIV/TB-coinfected individuals more susceptible to TB disease progression and complicating accurate TB disease diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate that HIV infection is additionally associated with severely compromised antibody responses, particularly in individuals with active TB. Moreover, despite the influence of HIV infection, antibody profiles still allow accurate classification of individuals with active versus latent TB. These findings reveal novel immunologic challenges associated with HIV/TB coinfection and additionally provide a basis with which to leverage the key antibody features identified to potentially combat TB globally via next-generation therapeutic or diagnostic design.
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44
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Chin KL, Sarmiento ME, Alvarez-Cabrera N, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: current state and future management. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:799-826. [PMID: 31853742 PMCID: PMC7222044 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a trend of increasing incidence in pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (PNTM) together with a decrease in tuberculosis (TB) incidence, particularly in developed countries. The prevalence of PNTM in underdeveloped and developing countries remains unclear as there is still a lack of detection methods that could clearly diagnose PNTM applicable in these low-resource settings. Since non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens, the vicinity favouring host-pathogen interactions is known as important predisposing factor for PNTM. The ongoing changes in world population, as well as socio-political and economic factors, are linked to the rise in the incidence of PNTM. Development is an important factor for the improvement of population well-being, but it has also been linked, in general, to detrimental environmental consequences, including the rise of emergent (usually neglected) infectious diseases, such as PNTM. The rise of neglected PNTM infections requires the expansion of the current efforts on the development of diagnostics, therapies and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases, which at present, are mainly focused on TB. This review discuss the current situation of PNTM and its predisposing factors, as well as the efforts and challenges for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Alvarez-Cabrera
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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45
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Kalmantaeva OV, Firstova VV, Grishchenko NS, Rudnitskaya TI, Potapov VD, Ignatov SG. Antibacterial and Immunomodulating Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Mice Experimental Tuberculosis Model. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Sharma D, Sharma S, Sharma J. Potential strategies for the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:210-214. [PMID: 32169684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, the emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the consequence of the failure of conventional diagnostic and treatment approaches. To combat this global emergence of drug resistance, alternative approaches such as pathogen-centric (use of repurposed drugs, novel analogues of existing anti-TB drugs and novel compounds with a different mechanism of action), host-centric (immunomodulatory agents, therapeutic vaccines, immune and cellular therapies) and nano-based drug/vaccine delivery should be used singly or in combination. Diverse types of nano-carriers have assessed as auspicious diagnostic and drug delivery systems. In this focused review, we have suggested a long-term solution for combating antimicrobial resistance and also an attractive means to increase patient compliance and reduce treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Kojima S, Carter D, Okabe H, Sato A, Akahata W, Wells TNC, Katsuno K. Reassessing therapeutic antibodies for neglected and tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007860. [PMID: 31999695 PMCID: PMC6991954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades there has been a significant expansion in the number of new therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are approved by regulators. The discovery of these new medicines has been driven primarily by new approaches in inflammatory diseases and oncology, especially in immuno-oncology. Other recent successes have included new antibodies for use in viral diseases, including HIV. The perception of very high costs associated with mAbs has led to the assumption that they play no role in prophylaxis for diseases of poverty. However, improvements in antibody-expression yields and manufacturing processes indicate this is a cost-effective option for providing protection from many types of infection that should be revisited. Recent technology developments also indicate that several months of protection could be achieved with a single dose. Moreover, new methods in B cell sorting now enable the systematic identification of high-quality antibodies from humanized mice, or patients. This Review discusses the potential for passive immunization against schistosomiasis, fungal infections, dengue, and other neglected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dee Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and The Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Wataru Akahata
- VLP Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Kei Katsuno
- Global Health Innovative Technology Fund, Tokyo, Japan
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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48
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Davis SK, Selva KJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Serum IgA Fc effector functions in infectious disease and cancer. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:276-286. [PMID: 31785006 PMCID: PMC7217208 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is the most abundant antibody isotype present at mucosal surfaces and the second most abundant in human serum. In addition to preventing pathogen entry at mucosal surfaces, IgA can control and eradicate bacterial and viral infections through a variety of antibody‐mediated innate effector cell mechanisms. The role of mucosal IgA in infection (e.g. neutralization) and in inflammatory homeostasis (e.g. allergy and autoimmunity) has been extensively investigated; by contrast, serum IgA is comparatively understudied. IgA binding to fragment crystallizable alpha receptor plays a dual role in the activation and inhibition of innate effector cell functions. Mounting evidence suggests that serum IgA induces potent effector functions against various bacterial and some viral infections including Neisseria meningitidis and rotavirus. Furthermore, in the era of immunotherapy, serum IgA provides an interesting alternative to classical IgG monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer and infectious pathogens. Here we discuss the role of serum IgA in infectious diseases with reference to bacterial and viral infections and the potential for IgA as a monoclonal antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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49
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Arrazuria R, Ladero I, Molina E, Fuertes M, Juste R, Fernández M, Pérez V, Garrido J, Elguezabal N. Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7010007. [PMID: 31936741 PMCID: PMC7157726 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is an enteric granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that mainly affects ruminants. Current vaccines have shown to be cost–effective control reagents, although they are restricted due to cross-interference with bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Therefore, novel vaccination strategies are needed and this study is focused on evaluating alternative vaccination routes and their effect on the local immune response. The MAP oral challenge rabbit model was used to evaluate and compare an experimental inactivated MAP vaccine through oral (VOR) and intradermal (VID) routes. The VID group presented the highest proportion of animals with no visible lesions and the lowest proportion of animals with MAP positive tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the VID group presented a dominantly M1 polarized response indicating an ability to control MAP infection. In general, all vaccinated groups showed lower calprotectin levels compared to the non-vaccinated challenged group suggesting less active granulomatous lesions. The VID group showed some degree of skin test reactivity, whereas the same vaccine through oral administration was completely negative. These data show that PTB vaccination has an effect on macrophage polarization and that the route influences infection outcome and can also have an impact on bTB diagnosis. Future evaluation of new immunological products against mycobacterial diseases should consider assaying different vaccination routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Arrazuria
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Derio, E-48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (R.A.); (I.L.); (E.M.); (M.F.); (R.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Iraia Ladero
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Derio, E-48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (R.A.); (I.L.); (E.M.); (M.F.); (R.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Elena Molina
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Derio, E-48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (R.A.); (I.L.); (E.M.); (M.F.); (R.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Miguel Fuertes
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Derio, E-48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (R.A.); (I.L.); (E.M.); (M.F.); (R.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Ramón Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Derio, E-48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (R.A.); (I.L.); (E.M.); (M.F.); (R.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Miguel Fernández
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, E-24071 Leon, Spain; (M.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Valentín Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, E-24071 Leon, Spain; (M.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Joseba Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Derio, E-48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (R.A.); (I.L.); (E.M.); (M.F.); (R.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Derio, E-48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (R.A.); (I.L.); (E.M.); (M.F.); (R.J.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-403-4300
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50
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Hameed R, Mirdan Al-Ibraheemi M, Obayes Al-Khikani F, Hasan N, Salman Almosawey H, Al-Asadi A. The possible role of immunoglobulin A monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 infection. MATRIX SCIENCE MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_27_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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