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Pagliari S, Dema B, Sanchez-Martinez A, Montalvo Zurbia-Flores G, Rollier CS. DNA Vaccines: History, Molecular Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168297. [PMID: 37797831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The history of DNA vaccine began as early as the 1960s with the discovery that naked DNA can transfect mammalian cells in vivo. In 1992, the evidence that such transfection could lead to the generation of antigen-specific antibody responses was obtained and supported the development of this technology as a novel vaccine platform. The technology then attracted immense interest and high hopes in vaccinology, as evidence of high immunogenicity and protection against virulent challenges accumulated from several animal models for several diseases. In particular, the capacity to induce T-cell responses was unprecedented in non-live vaccines. However, the technology suffered its major knock when the success in animals failed to translate to humans, where DNA vaccine candidates were shown to be safe but remained poorly immunogenic, or not associated with clinical benefit. Thanks to a thorough exploration of the molecular mechanisms of action of these vaccines, an impressive range of approaches have been and are currently being explored to overcome this major challenge. Despite limited success so far in humans as compared with later genetic vaccine technologies such as viral vectors and mRNA, DNA vaccines are not yet optimised for human use and may still realise their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthefany Pagliari
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Dema
- Pandemic Science Institute, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Christine S Rollier
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Potluri HK, Ng TL, Newton MA, McNeel DG. GM-CSF elicits antibodies to tumor-associated proteins when used as a prostate cancer vaccine adjuvant. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2267-2275. [PMID: 35133464 PMCID: PMC9744072 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody responses to off-target cancer-associated proteins have been detected following immunotherapies for cancer, suggesting these may be the result of antigen spread. We have previously reported that serum antibodies to prostate cancer-associated proteins were detectable using a high-throughput peptide array. We hypothesized that the breadth of antibody responses elicited by a vaccine could serve as a measure of the magnitude of its induced antigen spread. Consequently, sera from patients with prostate cancer, treated prior to or after vaccination in one of four separate clinical trials, were evaluated for antibody responses to an array of 177,604 peptides derived from over 1600 prostate cancer-associated gene products. Antibody responses to the same group of 5680 peptides previously reported were identified following vaccinations in which patients were administered GM-CSF as an adjuvant, but not with vaccine in the absence of GM-CSF. Hence, antibody responses to off-target proteins following vaccination may not necessarily serve as evidence of antigen spread and must be interpreted with particular caution following vaccine strategies that use GM-CSF, as GM-CSF appears to have direct effects on the production of antibodies. The evaluation of T cell responses to non-target antigens is likely a preferred approach for detection of immune-mediated antigen spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth K Potluri
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tun L Ng
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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3
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Mahooti M, Abdolalipour E, Farahmand B, Shirian S, Ghaemi A. Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic Lactobacillus casei on GM-CSF-adjuvanted influenza DNA vaccine. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study investigates the protective efficacy of influenza DNA vaccine combined with a granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) adjuvant, and probiotic Lactobacillus casei, an oral immunomodulator, in a BALB/c mice. Materials & methods: The mice were immunized with HA1 DNA vaccine along with GM-CSF and probiotic twice within a one-week interval. Results: The results showed that both adjuvants exert a synergistic effect in enhancing the humoral and cellular immune responses of the DNA vaccine. This combination also deceased IL-6 and IL-17A levels in the lung homogenates. The protection patterns were closely associated with influenza virus-specific splenocyte proliferative and serum IgG antibody (Ab) responses. Conclusion: The Findings demonstrate L. casei modulate balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses toward HA1 DNA vaccine adjuvanted by GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mahooti
- Department of Influenza & other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Abdolalipour
- Department of Influenza & other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Behrokh Farahmand
- Department of Influenza & other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza & other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
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Sabzehali F, Rahimi H, Goudarzi H, Goudarzi M, Yoosefi Izad MH, Salimi Chirani A, Jalali SA, Faghihloo E. Functional engineering of OprF-OprI-PopB as a chimeric immunogen and its cross-protective evaluation with GM-CSF against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A comprehensive immunoinformatics evaluation. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Irvine DJ, Aung A, Silva M. Controlling timing and location in vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 158:91-115. [PMID: 32598970 PMCID: PMC7318960 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most powerful technologies supporting public health. The adaptive immune response induced by immunization arises following appropriate activation and differentiation of T and B cells in lymph nodes. Among many parameters impacting the resulting immune response, the presence of antigen and inflammatory cues for an appropriate temporal duration within the lymph nodes, and further within appropriate subcompartments of the lymph nodes- the right timing and location- play a critical role in shaping cellular and humoral immunity. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how vaccine kinetics and biodistribution impact adaptive immunity, and the underlying immunological mechanisms that govern these responses. We discuss emerging approaches to engineer these properties for future vaccines, with a focus on subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Rezaei T, Khalili S, Baradaran B, Mosafer J, Rezaei S, Mokhtarzadeh A, de la Guardia M. Recent advances on HIV DNA vaccines development: Stepwise improvements to clinical trials. J Control Release 2019; 316:116-137. [PMID: 31669566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
According to WHO (World Health Organization) reports, more than 770,000 people died from HIV and almost 1.7 million people becoming newly infected in the worldwide in 2018. Therefore, many attempts should be done to produce a forceful vaccine to control the AIDS. DNA-based vaccines have been investigated for HIV vaccination by researches during the recent 20 years. The DNA vaccines are novel approach for induction of both type of immune responses (cellular and humoral) in the host cells and have many advantages including high stability, fast and easy of fabrication and absence of severe side effects when compared with other vaccination methods. Recent studies have been focused on vaccine design, immune responses and on the use of adjuvants as a promising strategy for increased level of responses, delivery approaches by viral and non-viral methods and vector design for different antigens of HIV virus. In this review, we outlined the aforementioned advances on HIV DNA vaccines. Then we described the future trends in clinical trials as a strong strategy even in healthy volunteers and the potential developments in control and prevention of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rezaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Sarah Rezaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Wang Y, Dzakah EE, Kang Y, Cai Y, Wu P, Tang B, Li R, He X. A sensitive and rapid chemiluminescence immunoassay for point-of-care testing (POCT) of copeptin in serum based on high-affinity monoclonal antibodies via cytokine-assisted immunization. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4293-4307. [PMID: 31354261 PMCID: PMC6580123 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Antibodies are key reagents in the development of immunoassay. We attempted to develop high-performance CPP immunoassays using high-affinity monoclonal antibodies prepared via cytokine-assisted immunization. Methods: We used fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), CC subtype chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to assist traditional subcutaneous immunization of preparing high-affinity monoclonal antibodies, and further to develop high-performance immunoassay methods for CPP. Results: This novel immune strategy significantly enhanced immune response against CPP. Six anti-CPP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high affinity were successfully screened and selected for application in a fully automated magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). This robust and rapid assay can efficiently detect CPP in the range of 1.2–1250 pmol L–1 with a detection limit of 6.25 pmol L–1. Significantly, the whole incubation process can be completed in 30 min as compared to about 4.5 hr for the control ELISA kit. Furthermore, this assay exhibited high sensitivity and specificity, low intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs < 15%). The developed assay was applied in the detection of CPP in 115 random serum samples and results showed a high correlation with data obtained using a commercially available ELISA kit (correlation coefficient, 0.9737). Conclusion: Our assay could be applied in the point-of-care testing of CPP in the serum samples, and also the method developed in this study could be adopted to explore the detection and diagnosis of other biomarkers for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Emmanuel Enoch Dzakah
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ye Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxue Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidian Wu
- National & Local United Engineering Lab of Rapid Diagnostic Test, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 5l0663, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- National & Local United Engineering Lab of Rapid Diagnostic Test, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 5l0663, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Li
- National & Local United Engineering Lab of Rapid Diagnostic Test, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 5l0663, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Ren Z, Wang H, Zhao Y, Wilker PR, Yu Z, Sun W, Wang T, Feng N, Li Y, Wang H, Ji X, Li N, Yang S, He H, Qin C, Gao Y, Xia X. Influenza virus-like particles composed of conserved influenza proteins and GPI-anchored CCL28/GM-CSF fusion proteins enhance protective immunity against homologous and heterologous viruses. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 63:119-128. [PMID: 30081250 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality and pose a substantial threat to public health. Vaccination represents the principle means of preventing influenza virus infection. Current vaccine approaches are hindered by the need to routinely reformulate vaccine compositions in an effort to account for the progressive antigenic changes that occur as influenza viruses circulate in the human population. In this study, we evaluated chimeric virus-like particle (cVLP) vaccines containing conserved elements of influenza proteins (HL5M2e (HA stem gene with 5M2e gene inserted) and NP), with or without glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored CCL28 (GPI-CCL28) and/or GM-CSF (GPI-GM-CSF) fusion proteins as molecular adjuvants. cVLPs elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses against homologous and heterologous viruses, and improved survival following lethal challenge with both homologous and heterologous viruses. Inclusion of GPI-anchored adjuvants in cVLP vaccines augmented the generation of influenza-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice in comparison to the non-adjuvanted cVLP vaccines. VLPs containing GPI-anchored adjuvants reduced morbidity and improved survival to lethal challenge with homologous and heterologous influenza viruses. This work suggests that VLP vaccines incorporating conserved influenza virus proteins and GPI-anchored molecular adjuvants may serve as a platform for a broadly protective "universal" influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Zhiguang Ren
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan University, Kaifeng, Hennan Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Peter R Wilker
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Xianliang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Kannanganat S, Wyatt LS, Gangadhara S, Chamcha V, Chea LS, Kozlowski PA, LaBranche CC, Chennareddi L, Lawson B, Reddy PBJ, Styles TM, Vanderford TH, Montefiori DC, Moss B, Robinson HL, Amara RR. High Doses of GM-CSF Inhibit Antibody Responses in Rectal Secretions and Diminish Modified Vaccinia Ankara/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Protection in TRIM5α-Restrictive Macaques. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:3586-3596. [PMID: 27683750 PMCID: PMC5101171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We tested, in rhesus macaques, the effects of a 500-fold range of an admixed recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing rhesus GM-CSF (MVA/GM-CSF) on the immunogenicity and protection elicited by an MVA/SIV macaque 239 vaccine. High doses of MVA/GM-CSF did not affect the levels of systemic envelope (Env)-specific Ab, but it did decrease the expression of the gut-homing receptor α4β7 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (p < 0.01) and the magnitudes of Env-specific IgA (p = 0.01) and IgG (p < 0.05) in rectal secretions. The protective effect of the vaccine was evaluated using 12 weekly rectal challenges in rhesus macaques subgrouped by tripartite motif-containing protein 5α (TRIM5α) genotypes that are restrictive or permissive for infection by the challenge virus SIVsmE660. Eight of nine TRIM5α-restrictive animals receiving no or the lowest dose (1 × 105 PFU) of MVA/GM-CSF resisted all 12 challenges. In the comparable TRIM5α-permissive group, only 1 of 12 animals resisted all 12 challenges. In the TRIM5α-restrictive animals, but not in the TRIM5α-permissive animals, the number of challenges to infection directly correlated with the magnitudes of Env-specific rectal IgG (r = +0.6) and IgA (r = +0.6), the avidity of Env-specific serum IgG (r = +0.5), and Ab dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition (r = +0.6). Titers of neutralizing Ab did not correlate with protection. We conclude that 1) protection elicited by MVA/SIVmac239 is strongly dependent on the presence of TRIM5α restriction, 2) nonneutralizing Ab responses contribute to protection against SIVsmE660 in TRIM5α-restrictive animals, and 3) high doses of codelivered MVA/GM-CSF inhibit mucosal Ab responses and the protection elicited by MVA expressing noninfectious SIV macaque 239 virus-like particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kannanganat
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Linda S Wyatt
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Venkatesarlu Chamcha
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Lynette S Chea
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705; and
| | - Lakshmi Chennareddi
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Benton Lawson
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Pradeep B J Reddy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Thomas H Vanderford
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705; and
| | - Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Rama Rao Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
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Ramirez LA, Arango T, Boyer J. Therapeutic and prophylactic DNA vaccines for HIV-1. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 13:563-73. [PMID: 23477730 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.758709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA vaccines have moved into clinical trials in several fields and their success will be important for licensure of this vaccine modality. An effective vaccine for HIV-1 remains elusive and the development of one is troubled by safety and efficacy issues. Additionally, the ability for an HIV-1 vaccine to induce both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system is needed. DNA vaccines not only offer a safe approach for the development of an HIV-1 vaccine but they have also been shown to elicit both arms of the immune system. AREAS COVERED This review explores how DNA vaccine design including the regimen, genetic adjuvants used, targeting, and mode of delivery continues to undergo improvements, thereby providing a potential option for an immunogenic vaccine for HIV-1. EXPERT OPINION Continued improvements in delivery technology, in particular electroporation, and the use of prime-boost vaccine strategies will aid in boosting the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. Basic immunology research will also help discover new potential adjuvant targets that can be combined with DNA vaccination, such as inhibitors of inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Antonio Ramirez
- University of Pennsylvania, Pathology, Stellar Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Effect of AcHERV-GmCSF as an Influenza Virus Vaccine Adjuvant. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129761. [PMID: 26090848 PMCID: PMC4475044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The first identification of swine-originated influenza A/CA/04/2009 (pH1N1) as the cause of an outbreak of human influenza accelerated efforts to develop vaccines to prevent and control influenza viruses. The current norm in many countries is to prepare influenza vaccines using cell-based or egg-based killed vaccines, but it is difficult to elicit a sufficient immune response using this approach. To improve immune responses, researchers have examined the use of cytokines as vaccine adjuvants, and extensively investigated their functions as chemoattractants of immune cells and boosters of vaccine-mediated protection. Here, we evaluated the effect of Granulocyte-macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GmCSF) as an influenza vaccine adjuvant in BALB/c mice. Method and Results Female BALB/c mice were immunized with killed vaccine together with a murine GmCSF gene delivered by human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) envelope coated baculovirus (1×107 FFU AcHERV-GmCSF, i.m.) and were compared with mice immunized with the killed vaccine alone. On day 14, immunized mice were challenged with 10 median lethal dose of mouse adapted pH1N1 virus. The vaccination together with GmCSF treatment exerted a strong adjuvant effect on humoral and cellular immune responses. In addition, the vaccinated mice together with GmCSF were fully protected against infection by the lethal influenza pH1N1 virus. Conclusion Thus, these results indicate that AcHERV-GmCSF is an effective molecular adjuvant that augments immune responses against influenza virus.
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12
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Kang H, Qi Y, Wang H, Zheng X, Gao Y, Li N, Yang S, Xia X. Chimeric rabies virus-like particles containing membrane-anchored GM-CSF enhances the immune response against rabies virus. Viruses 2015; 7:1134-52. [PMID: 25768031 PMCID: PMC4379564 DOI: 10.3390/v7031134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies remains an important public health threat in most developing countries. To develop a more effective and safe vaccine against rabies, we have constructed a chimeric rabies virus-like particle (VLP), which containing glycoprotein (G) and matrix protein (M) of rabies virus (RABV) Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth (ERA) strain, and membrane-anchored granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and it was named of EVLP-G. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of EVLP-G against RABV were evaluated by intramuscular administration in a mouse model. The EVLP-G was successfully produced in insect cells by coinfection with three recombinant baculoviruses expressing G, M, and GM-CSF, respectively. The membrane-anchored GM-CSF possesses a strong adjuvant activity. More B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) were recruited and/or activated in inguinal lymph nodes in mice immunized with EVLP-G. EVLP-G was found to induce a significantly increased RABV-specific virus-neutralizing antibody and elicit a larger and broader antibody subclass responses compared with the standard rabies VLP (sRVLP, consisting of G and M). The EVLP-G also elicited significantly more IFN-γ- or IL-4-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than the sRVLP. Moreover, the immune responses induced by EVLP-G protect all vaccinated mice from lethal challenge with RABV. These results suggest that EVLP-G has the potential to be developed as a novel vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of animal rabies.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Rabies/prevention & control
- Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Rabies Vaccines/genetics
- Rabies Vaccines/immunology
- Rabies virus/genetics
- Rabies virus/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yinglin Qi
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun 130062, China.
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13
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Chen H, Gao N, Wu J, Zheng X, Li J, Fan D, An J. Variable effects of the co-administration of a GM-CSF-expressing plasmid on the immune response to flavivirus DNA vaccines in mice. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Ando T, Xiao W, Gao P, Namiranian S, Matsumoto K, Tomimori Y, Hong H, Yamashita H, Kimura M, Kashiwakura JI, Hata TR, Izuhara K, Gurish MF, Roers A, Rafaels NM, Barnes KC, Jamora C, Kawakami Y, Kawakami T. Critical role for mast cell Stat5 activity in skin inflammation. Cell Rep 2014; 6:366-76. [PMID: 24412367 PMCID: PMC4329986 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Here, we show that phospholipase C-β3 (PLC-β3)-deficient mice spontaneously develop AD-like skin lesions and more severe allergen-induced dermatitis than wild-type mice. Mast cells were required for both AD models and remarkably increased in the skin of Plcb3(-/-) mice because of the increased Stat5 and reduced SHP-1 activities. Mast cell-specific deletion of Stat5 gene ameliorated allergen-induced dermatitis, whereas that of Shp1 gene encoding Stat5-inactivating SHP-1 exacerbated it. PLC-β3 regulates the expression of periostin in fibroblasts and TSLP in keratinocytes, two proteins critically involved in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, polymorphisms in PLCB3, SHP1, STAT5A, and STAT5B genes were associated with human AD. Mast cell expression of PLC-β3 was inversely correlated with that of phospho-STAT5, and increased mast cells with high levels of phospho-STAT5 were found in lesional skin of some AD patients. Therefore, STAT5 regulatory mechanisms in mast cells are important for AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ando
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Siavash Namiranian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tomimori
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hong Hong
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hirotaka Yamashita
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Miho Kimura
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tissa R Hata
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-85-01, Japan
| | - Michael F Gurish
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, University of Technology Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicholas M Rafaels
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Colin Jamora
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yuko Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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15
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Li J, Sun Y, Jia T, Zhang R, Zhang K, Wang L. Messenger RNA vaccine based on recombinant MS2 virus-like particles against prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1683-94. [PMID: 24105486 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed cancer in the western male population with high mortality. Recently, alternative approaches based on immunotherapy including mRNA vaccines for PCa have shown therapeutic promise. However, for mRNA vaccine, several disadvantages such as the instability of mRNA, the high cost of gold particles, the limited production scale for mRNA-transfected dendritic cells in vitro, limit their development. Herein, recombinant bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs), which based on the interaction of a 19-nucleotide RNA aptamer and the coat protein of bacteriophage MS2, successfully addressed these questions, in which target mRNA was packaged by MS2 capsid. MS2 VLP-based mRNA vaccines were easily prepared by recombinant protein technology, nontoxic and RNase-resistant. We show the packaged mRNA was translated into protein as early as 12 hr after phagocytosed by macrophages. Moreover, MS2 VLP-based mRNA vaccines induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses, especially antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and balanced Th1/Th2 responses without upregulation of CD4(+) regulatory T cells, and protected C57BL/6 mice against PCa completely. As a therapeutic vaccine, MS2 VLP-based mRNA vaccines delayed tumor growth. Our results provide proof of concept on the efficacy and safety of MS2 VLP-based mRNA vaccine, which provides a new delivery approach for mRNA vaccine and implies important clinical value for the prevention and therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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16
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Richie TL, Charoenvit Y, Wang R, Epstein JE, Hedstrom RC, Kumar S, Luke TC, Freilich DA, Aguiar JC, Sacci JB, Sedegah M, Nosek RA, De La Vega P, Berzins MP, Majam VF, Abot EN, Ganeshan H, Richie NO, Banania JG, Baraceros MFB, Geter TG, Mere R, Bebris L, Limbach K, Hickey BW, Lanar DE, Ng J, Shi M, Hobart PM, Norman JA, Soisson LA, Hollingdale MR, Rogers WO, Doolan DL, Hoffman SL. Clinical trial in healthy malaria-naïve adults to evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of MuStDO5, a five-gene, sporozoite/hepatic stage Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine combined with escalating dose human GM-CSF DNA. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1564-84. [PMID: 23151451 PMCID: PMC3601132 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When introduced in the 1990s, immunization with DNA plasmids was considered potentially revolutionary for vaccine development, particularly for vaccines intended to induce protective CD8 T cell responses against multiple antigens. We conducted, in 1997−1998, the first clinical trial in healthy humans of a DNA vaccine, a single plasmid encoding Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), as an initial step toward developing a multi-antigen malaria vaccine targeting the liver stages of the parasite. As the next step, we conducted in 2000–2001 a clinical trial of a five-plasmid mixture called MuStDO5 encoding pre-erythrocytic antigens PfCSP, PfSSP2/TRAP, PfEXP1, PfLSA1 and PfLSA3. Thirty-two, malaria-naïve, adult volunteers were enrolled sequentially into four cohorts receiving a mixture of 500 μg of each plasmid plus escalating doses (0, 20, 100 or 500 μg) of a sixth plasmid encoding human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF). Three doses of each formulation were administered intramuscularly by needle-less jet injection at 0, 4 and 8 weeks, and each cohort had controlled human malaria infection administered by five mosquito bites 18 d later. The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated, inducing moderate antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cell interferon-γ responses but no antibodies. Although no volunteers were protected, T cell responses were boosted post malaria challenge. This trial demonstrated the MuStDO5 DNA and hGM-CSF plasmids to be safe and modestly immunogenic for T cell responses. It also laid the foundation for priming with DNA plasmids and boosting with recombinant viruses, an approach known for nearly 15 y to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines.
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17
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Kathuria N, Kraynyak KA, Carnathan D, Betts M, Weiner DB, Kutzler MA. Generation of antigen-specific immunity following systemic immunization with DNA vaccine encoding CCL25 chemokine immunoadjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1607-19. [PMID: 23151454 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant hurdle in vaccine development for many infectious pathogens is the ability to generate appropriate immune responses at the portal of entry, namely mucosal sites. The development of vaccine approaches resulting in secretory IgA and mucosal cellular immune responses against target pathogens is of great interest and in general, requires live viral infection at mucosal sites. Using HIV-1 and influenza A antigens as models, we report here that a novel systemically administered DNA vaccination strategy utilizing co-delivery of the specific chemokine molecular adjuvant CCL25 (TECK) can produce antigen-specific immune responses at distal sites including the lung and mesenteric lymph nodes in mice. The targeted vaccines induced infiltration of cognate chemokine receptor, CCR9+/CD11c+ immune cells to the site of immunization. Furthermore, data shows enhanced IFN-λ secretion by antigen-specific CD3+/CD8+ and CD3+/CD4+ T cells, as well as elevated HIV-1-specific IgG and IgA responses in secondary lymphoid organs, peripheral blood, and importantly, at mucosal sites. These studies have significance for the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies requiring mucosal immune responses and represent the first report of the use of plasmid co-delivery of CCL25 as part of the DNA vaccine strategy to boost systemic and mucosal immune responses following intramuscular injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Kathuria
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Kadir Z, Ma X, Li J, Zhang F. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the humoral immune responses of mouse zona pellucida 3 vaccine strategy based on DNA and protein coadministration in BALB/c mice. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:400-7. [PMID: 23111125 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112459236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that co-administration of mouse zona pellucida 3 (mZP3) DNA and protein vaccine enhanced the contraception of mice by increasing humoral immune responses. In this study, we try to use granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to further improve the humoral immune responses induced by mZP3 DNA and protein co-administration. BALB/c mice were intranasally pre-injected with GM-CSF 4 days before co-administration. Compared to DNA and protein coadministration without GM-CSF, the combination of GM-CSF and coadministration significantly enhances humoral immune responses, especially the level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in vaginal washes. The enhanced antibody responses are correlated with the upregulated level of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and enhanced maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Thus, GM-CSF is a potential candidate adjuvant to be used for the development of a safe and effective contraceptive vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibirnisa Kadir
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, China
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19
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Ma X, Kadir Z, Li J, Zhang F. The effects of GM-CSF and IL-5 as molecular adjuvants on immune responses and contraception induced by mZP3 DNA vaccination. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 68:476-85. [PMID: 22934542 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Various approaches have been developed to improve the antibody response of zona pellucida glycoprotein-3 (ZP3) vaccination. In this study, we investigated whether GM-CSF and IL-5 can be used as cytokine adjuvants to increase the humoral immune response generated by mouse ZP3 (mZP3) DNA vaccine. METHOD OF STUDY Mice in experimental group were injected by GM-CSF 4 days before the co-immunization of IL-5 and mZP3 DNA vaccine. The contraception and the correlation with humoral and cellular immune responses were analyzed after immunization and mating. The effect of cytokine adjuvant on the maturation of DCs was evaluated. RESULTS Co-immunization of GM-CSF and IL-5 with mZP3 DNA vaccine induced the highest level of serum IgG and IL-4 expression in CD4(+) T cells. Importantly, this strategy reduced mice fertility without disrupting normal ovarian morphology. GM-CSF enhanced the maturation of DCs evidenced by up-regulating the expression of MHC-II and CD86. CONCLUSION GM-CSF and IL-5 co-administration enhanced humoral immune responses to mZP3, and this may be a potential strategy for development of immunocontraceptive vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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20
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Ma X, Li J, Zhang F. Intranasal co-delivery with the mouse zona pellucida 3 and GM-CSF expressing constructs enhances humoral immune responses and contraception in mice. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:521-7. [PMID: 22924630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) regulates the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and has been broadly used as the adjuvant. Here, we tested whether intranasal delivery of GM-CSF can improve the contraception of mouse zona pellucida 3 (mZP3) DNA vaccine. Our results showed that co-administration of GM-CSF and mZP3 DNA vaccine increased the levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) and IgG antibodies in vaginal washes and serum, respectively. Co-administration enhanced Th2 responses through improving the maturation of dendritic cells. Importantly, GM-CSF significantly reduced the fertility rate and mean litter size induced by mZP3 DNA vaccine alone without interfering the normal follicular development. These data suggest that GM-CSF could be used as adjuvant to develop immunocontraceptive vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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21
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Keating SM, Jacobs ES, Norris PJ. Soluble mediators of inflammation in HIV and their implications for therapeutics and vaccine development. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:193-206. [PMID: 22743035 PMCID: PMC3418433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
From early in the HIV epidemic it was appreciated that many inflammatory markers such as neopterin and TNF-α were elevated in patients with AIDS. With the advent of modern technology able to measure a broad array of cytokines, we now know that from the earliest points of infection HIV induces a cytokine storm. This review will focus on how cytokines are disturbed in HIV infection and will explore potential therapeutic uses of cytokines. These factors can be used directly as therapy during HIV infection, either to suppress viral replication or prevent deleterious immune effects of infection, such as CD4+ T cell depletion. Cytokines also show great promise as adjuvants in the development of HIV vaccines, which would be critical for the eventual control of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Keating
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
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22
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Chen H, Gao N, Fan D, Wu J, Zhu J, Li J, Wang J, Chen Y, An J. Suppressive effects on the immune response and protective immunity to a JEV DNA vaccine by co-administration of a GM-CSF-expressing plasmid in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34602. [PMID: 22493704 PMCID: PMC3321030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a potential cytokine adjuvant of DNA vaccines, granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has received considerable attention due to its essential role in the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells, differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells. However, in our recent study of a Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) DNA vaccine, co-inoculation of a GM-CSF plasmid dramatically suppressed the specific IgG response and resulted in decreased protection against JEV challenge. It is known that GM-CSF has been used in clinic to treat neutropenia for repopulating myeloid cells, and as an adjuvant in vaccine studies; it has shown various effects on the immune response. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the suppressive effects on the immune response to a JEV DNA vaccine by the co-administration of the GM-CSF-expressing plasmid and clarified the underlying mechanisms of the suppression in mice. Our results demonstrated that co-immunization with GM-CSF caused a substantial dampening of the vaccine-induced antibody responses. The suppressive effect was dose- and timing-dependent and likely related to the immunogenicity of the antigen. The suppression was associated with the induction of immature dendritic cells and the expansion of regulatory T cells but not myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Collectively, our findings not only provide valuable information for the application of GM-CSF in clinic and using as a vaccine adjuvant but also offer further insight into the understanding of the complex roles of GM-CSF.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/drug effects
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/prevention & control
- Encephalitis, Japanese/virology
- Female
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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23
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ELISPOT analysis of a new CTL based DNA vaccine for HIV-1 using GM-CSF in DNA prime/peptide boost strategy: GM-CSF induced long-lived memory responses. Immunol Lett 2011; 140:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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van Montfort T, Melchers M, Isik G, Menis S, Huang PS, Matthews K, Michael E, Berkhout B, Schief WR, Moore JP, Sanders RW. A chimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer with an embedded granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) domain induces enhanced antibody and T cell responses. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22250-61. [PMID: 21515681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.229625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective HIV-1 vaccine should ideally induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses that provide sterilizing immunity over a prolonged period. Current HIV-1 vaccines have failed in inducing such immunity. The viral envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) can be targeted by neutralizing antibodies to block infection, but several Env properties limit the ability to induce an antibody response of sufficient quantity and quality. We hypothesized that Env immunogenicity could be improved by embedding an immunostimulatory protein domain within its sequence. A stabilized Env trimer was therefore engineered with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inserted into the V1V2 domain of gp120. Probing with neutralizing antibodies showed that both the Env and GM-CSF components of the chimeric protein were folded correctly. Furthermore, the embedded GM-CSF domain was functional as a cytokine in vitro. Mouse immunization studies demonstrated that chimeric Env(GM-CSF) enhanced Env-specific antibody and T cell responses compared with wild-type Env. Collectively, these results show that targeting and activation of immune cells using engineered cytokine domains within the protein can improve the immunogenicity of Env subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs van Montfort
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Immune-based approaches to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: active and passive immunization. Clin Perinatol 2010; 37:787-805, ix. [PMID: 21078451 PMCID: PMC2998888 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite more than 2 decades of research, an effective vaccine that can prevent HIV-1 infection in populations exposed to the virus remains elusive. In the pursuit of an HIV-1 vaccine, does prevention of exposure to maternal HIV-1 in utero, at birth or in early life through breast milk require special consideration? This article reviews what is known about the immune mechanisms of susceptibility and resistance to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 and summarizes studies that have used passive or active immunization strategies to interrupt MTCT of HIV-1. Potentially modifiable infectious cofactors that may enhance transmission and/or disease progression (especially in the developing world) are described. An effective prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1 infection needs to be deployed as part of the Extended Program of Immunization recommended by the World Health Organization for use in developing countries, so it is important to understand how the infant immune system responds to HIV-1 antigens, both in natural infection and presented by candidate vaccines.
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Li J, Diao H, Zhao D, Zhang J. Reduced tumourigenicity of EG7 after RANTES gene transfer and the underlying mechanism. Arch Med Sci 2010; 6:829-36. [PMID: 22427753 PMCID: PMC3302691 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.19287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemokine ligand 5, also known as CCL5 or regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), is a chemokine expressed in inflamed tissue and capable of inducing migration of immature dendritic cells (DCs) or Langerhans cells. In this study, we explored the effect of RANTES on EG7 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo, RANTES gene transfer reduced the tumourigenic capacity of EG7 and prolonged the survival of tumour-bearing mice. To reveal the underlying mechanism, we performed the following experiments and provided evidence to support our hypothesis of RANTES gene therapy for EG7. Higher natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was induced after RANTES gene transfer, accompanied by higher levels of Th1 type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ). RESULTS Tumour necrosis was also markedly observed in the tumour tissues after RANTES gene transfer, which was attributed to reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2). CONCLUSIONS We draw the conclusion that reduced tumourigenicity of EG7 after RANTES gene transfer can be attributed to higher NK cell and CTL activity, anti-angiogenesis and higher levels of Th1 type cytokines induced by RANTES. These results support the notion that higher chemokine expression in tumour tissue elicits potent anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuzhou Li
- People’s Hospital of Binzhou City, Binzhou, China
| | - Huiling Diao
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Immune responses and therapeutic antitumor effects of an experimental DNA vaccine encoding human papillomavirus type 16 oncoproteins genetically fused to herpesvirus glycoprotein D. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 17:1576-83. [PMID: 20739505 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00264-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenovirus or DNA vaccines encoding herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) genetically fused to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) oncoproteins (E5, E6, and E7) induce antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and confer preventive resistance to transplantable murine tumor cells (TC-1 cells). In the present report, we characterized some previously uncovered aspects concerning the induction of CD8(+) T-cell responses and the therapeutic anticancer effects achieved in C57BL/6 mice immunized with pgD-E7E6E5 previously challenged with TC-1 cells. Concerning the characterization of the immune responses elicited in mice vaccinated with pgD-E7E6E5, we determined the effect of the CD4(+) T-cell requirement, longevity, and dose-dependent activation on the E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. In addition, we determined the priming/boosting properties of pgD-E7E6E5 when used in combination with a recombinant serotype 68 adenovirus (AdC68) vector encoding the same chimeric antigen. Mice challenged with TC-1 cells and then immunized with three doses of pgD-E7E6E5 elicited CD8(+) T-cell responses, measured by intracellular gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and CD107a accumulation, to the three HPV-16 oncoproteins and displayed in vivo antigen-specific cytolytic activity, as demonstrated with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled target cells pulsed with oligopeptides corresponding to the H-2D(b)-restricted immunodominant epitopes of the E7, E6, or E5 oncoprotein. Up to 70% of the mice challenged with 5 × 10(5) TC-1 cells and immunized with pgD-E7E6E5 controlled tumor development even after 3 days of tumor cell challenge. In addition, coadministration of pgD-E7E6E5 with DNA vectors encoding pGM-CSF or interleukin-12 (IL-12) enhanced the therapeutic antitumor effects for all mice challenged with TC-1 cells. In conclusion, the present results expand our previous knowledge on the immune modulation properties of the pgD-E7E6E5 vector and demonstrate, for the first time, the strong antitumor effects of the DNA vaccine, raising promising perspectives regarding the development of immunotherapeutic reagents for the control of HPV-16-associated tumors.
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Qing Y, Chen M, Zhao J, Hu H, Xu H, Ling N, Peng M, Ren H. Construction of an HBV DNA vaccine by fusion of the GM-CSF gene to the HBV-S gene and examination of its immune effects in normal and HBV-transgenic mice. Vaccine 2010; 28:4301-7. [PMID: 20430121 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA vaccine can generate both HBsAg-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. The immune response can be improved by inclusion of an adjuvant, such as the cytokine GM-CSF which is known to be a very good adjuvant. METHODS To investigate the ability of GM-CSF to enhance HBV-DNA vaccines, we constructed the plasmids by fusion of GM-CSF gene to the HBV-S gene. Normal and HBV-transgenic mice were then immunized with these plasmids. RESULTS Our results show that pCDNA3.1-GM-CSF-S induced the most powerful HBsAg-specific humoral and cellular immune response, and that it was able to overcome the non-response to HBsAg in HBV-transgenic mice. In contrast, pCDNA3.1-S-GM-CSF was able to induce only a very poor immune response. CONCLUSIONS When the HBV-S gene is fused to the GM-CSF gene, the immune effects of the HBV DNA vaccine both in normal and HBV-transgenic mice can be strengthened and HBV-DNA plasmids fused with GM-CSF may be useful for both preventative and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Pouyanfard S, Bamdad T, Parsania M, Hashemi H, Mohammadi MG. Impact of timing strategy of LIGHT, a new TNF superfamily on immune platform induced by HSV-1 gB DNA vaccine. Cytokine 2010; 50:99-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kraynyak KA, Kutzler MA, Cisper NJ, Khan AS, Draghia-Akli R, Sardesal NY, Lewis MG, Yan J, Weiner DB. Systemic immunization with CCL27/CTACK modulates immune responses at mucosal sites in mice and macaques. Vaccine 2010; 28:1942-51. [PMID: 20188250 PMCID: PMC4396814 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid DNA is a promising vaccine platform that has been shown to be safe and able to be administered repeatedly without vector interference. Enhancing the potency of DNA vaccination through co-delivery of molecular adjuvants is one strategy currently under investigation. Here we describe the use of the novel chemokine adjuvant CCL27/CTACK to enhance immune responses to an HIV-1 or SIV antigen in mice and rhesus macaques. CCL27 has been shown to play a role in inflammatory responses through chemotaxis of CCR10+ cells, and we hypothesized that CCL27 may modulate adaptive immune responses. Immunizations in mice with HIV-1gag/CCL27 enhanced immune responses both at peripheral and, surprisingly, at mucosal sites. To confirm these findings in a large-animal model, we created optimized CCL27 and SIV antigenic plasmid constructs for rhesus macaques. 10 macaques (n=5/group) were immunized intramuscularly with 1mg/construct of antigenic plasmids+/-CCL27 with electroporation. We observed significant IFN-gamma secretion and CD8+ T-cell proliferation in peripheral blood. Interestingly, CCL27 co-immunized macaques exhibited a trend toward greater effector CD4+ T cells in the bronchiolar lavage (BAL). CCL27 co-delivery also elicited greater antigen-specific IgA at unique sites including BAL and fecal samples but not in the periphery. Future studies incorporating CCL27 as an adjuvant in vaccine or therapy models where eliciting immune responses in the lung are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Kraynyak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Neil J. Cisper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Kutzler MA, Kraynyak KA, Nagle SJ, Parkinson RM, Zharikova D, Chattergoon M, Maguire H, Muthumani K, Ugen K, Weiner DB. Plasmids encoding the mucosal chemokines CCL27 and CCL28 are effective adjuvants in eliciting antigen-specific immunity in vivo. Gene Ther 2010; 17:72-82. [PMID: 19847203 PMCID: PMC10751736 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A hurdle facing DNA vaccine development is the ability to generate strong immune responses systemically and at local immune sites. We report a novel systemically administered DNA vaccination strategy using intramuscular codelivery of CCL27 or CCL28, which elicited elevated peripheral IFN-gamma and antigen-specific IgG while driving antigen-specific T-cell secretion of cytokine and antibody production in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and lung. This strategy resulted in induction of long-lived antibody responses that neutralized influenza A/PR8/34 and protected mice from morbidity and mortality associated with a lethal intranasal viral challenge. This is the first example of the use of CCL27 and CCL28 chemokines as adjuvants to influence a DNA vaccine strategy, suggesting further examination of this approach for manipulation of vaccine-induced immunity impacting both quality and phenotype of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Kutzler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - KA Kraynyak
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - SJ Nagle
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - RM Parkinson
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - M Chattergoon
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Maguire
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Muthumani
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Ugen
- The Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Center for Molecular Delivery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - DB Weiner
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wang X, Li J, Jiang P, Li Y, Zeshan B, Cao J, Wang X. GM-CSF fused with GP3 and GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus increased the immune responses and protective efficacy against virulent PRRSV challenge. Virus Res 2009; 143:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wongsena W, Sconocchia G, Cho HS, Chang CC, Wang X, Klumkrathok K, Ferrone S, Leelayuwat C. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 72:431-40. [PMID: 18937790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A (MICA), a ligand for the activating immunoreceptor natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), is expressed on stressed cells such as tumor cells. Study of expression of this molecule on tumor cells and patients' sera is useful to define patients' stages leading to proper selection of therapy. In this study, mouse anti-MICA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced by DNA immunization using a gene gun. Screening of anti-MICA-producing mouse and hybridomas were performed by immunoblot and cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against MICA-positive HeLa and -negative Me1386 cell lines. MAbs were characterized against MICA-positive and -negative cell lines by immunoblot, cell ELISA and flow cytometry. The mAbs were also characterized for locus and allele specificities of MICA and MHC class I chain-related gene B (MICB) as well as for their ability to stain formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues by immunohistochemistry. Although all mouse immune sera were positive with MICA-positive cells by both immunoblot and cell ELISA methods, some hybridomas were positive only with one method. The mAbs had diverse specificities to detect MICA and MICB and different abilities to stain formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Thus, DNA immunization by gene gun is an effective method to generate immune mice for the production of mAbs with a variety of specificities against native and denatured forms of MIC proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wongsena
- PhD Program in Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Specific antibodies induced by DNA vaccination with extracellular domain of CD25 gene protect against ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Immunol 2009; 132:412-9. [PMID: 19501551 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to CD25 (anti-CD25) were used clinically to achieve immunosuppression in autoimmune disease, while the possibility of anti-antibodies generation influenced its efficiency. Here we reported that DNA vaccine encoding the extracellular domain of murine CD25 gene (pCD25-ECD) elicited anti-CD25 antibody production in BALB/c mice and subsequently prevents the host against ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis. We found that serum CD25-specific antibodies were generated after vaccination with pCD25-ECD. Moreover, high levels of IL-4, IL-10 and anti-CD25 antibody were produced by splenocytes of vaccinated mice after CD25 protein restimulation in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the vaccinated mice suffered less from liver injury induced by ConA, accompanied by the reduction of pathogenic CD4+ T cells. Finally, we showed that the immunized serum could cause cytolysis of activated CD4+ T cells in vitro, depending on complements activation. Our study showed pCD25-ECD induced self anti-CD25 antibodies which executed immunosuppression in autoimmune hepatitis via antibody-complement pathway.
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Ohlschläger P, Quetting M, Alvarez G, Dürst M, Gissmann L, Kaufmann AM. Enhancement of immunogenicity of a therapeutic cervical cancer DNA-based vaccine by co-application of sequence-optimized genetic adjuvants. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:189-98. [PMID: 19358269 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with cervical cancer by conventional methods (mainly surgery, but also radiotherapy and chemotherapy) results in a significant loss in quality of life. A therapeutic DNA vaccine directed to tumor-specific antigens of the human papilloma virus (HPV) could be an attractive treatment option. We have developed a nontransforming HPV-16 E7-based DNA vaccine containing all putative T cell epitopes (HPV-16 E7SH). DNA vaccines, however, are less immunogenic than protein- or peptide-based vaccines in larger animals and humans. In this study, we have investigated an adjuvant gene support of the HPV-16 E7SH therapeutic cervical cancer vaccine. DNA encoded cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma) and the chemokine MIP1-alpha were co-applied either simultaneously or at different time points pre- or post-E7SH vaccination. In addition, sequence-optimized adjuvant genes were compared to wild type genes. Three combinations investigated lead to an enhanced IFN-gamma response of the induced T cells in mice. Interestingly, IFN-gamma secretion of splenocytes did not strictly correlate with tumor response in tumor regression experiments. Gene-encoded MIP-1alpha applied 5 days prior to E7SH-immunization combined with IFN-gamma or IL-12 (3 days) or IL-2 (5 days) postimmunization lead to a significantly enhanced tumor response that was clearly associated with granzyme B secretion and target cells lysis. Our results suggest that a conditioning application and combination with adjuvant genes may be a promising strategy to enhance synergistically immune responses by DNA immunization for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Feng TT, Zhao G, Yao HP, Wang QP, Wu NP. Expression and identification of immunological activities of the HIV-gp120N-human interferon gamma fusion protein. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:381-6. [PMID: 19248157 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp120 is a vaccine immunogen that has been studied extensively. To enhance the immune response of cells against HIV-1 gp120, we tested the coexpression of gp120N with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as an immune adjuvant. Two recombinant prokaryotic plasmids were constructed: the pET44b-HIV-1-gp120N plasmid construct carried the HIV-1 gp120N gene (pET44-gp120N), whereas the pET44b-HIV-1-gp120N-IFN-gamma plasmid construct carried a fusion gp120N-IFN-gamma gene (pET44b-gp120N-IFN-gamma). Target protein expression was achieved in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells by chemical induction. To test the immunological activity of the proteins, mice were injected with a control, gp120N, or the fusion gp120N-IFN-gamma protein. The serum and spleen cells of the mice were collected for immunological detection. Results showed that specific T lymphocyte proliferation and the expression of the Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were higher in the gp120N-IFN-gamma group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). No difference was observed in the expression levels of the Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10; P > 0.05). These results suggest that IFN-gamma plays a prominent role as an immune adjuvant when coexpressed with HIV-1 gp120N. IFN-gamma enhances the specific cell immune response of mice against HIV-1 gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Effect of immunological adjuvants: GM-CSF (granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor) and IL-23 (interleukin-23) on immune responses generated against hepatitis C virus core DNA vaccine. Cytokine 2009; 46:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A DNA vaccine encoding the enterohemorragic Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin 2 A2 and B subunits confers protective immunity to Shiga toxin challenge in the murine model. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:712-8. [PMID: 19176691 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00328-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Production of verocytotoxin or Shiga-like toxin (Stx), particularly Stx2, is the basis of hemolytic uremic syndrome, a frequently lethal outcome for subjects infected with Stx2-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains. The toxin is formed by a single A subunit, which promotes protein synthesis inhibition in eukaryotic cells, and five B subunits, which bind to globotriaosylceramide at the surface of host cells. Host enzymes cleave the A subunit into the A(1) peptide, endowed with N-glycosidase activity to the 28S rRNA, and the A(2) peptide, which confers stability to the B pentamer. We report the construction of a DNA vaccine (pStx2DeltaAB) that expresses a nontoxic Stx2 mutated form consisting of the last 32 amino acids of the A(2) sequence and the complete B subunit as two nonfused polypeptides. Immunization trials carried out with the DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice, alone or in combination with another DNA vaccine encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, resulted in systemic Stx-specific antibody responses targeting both A and B subunits of the native Stx2. Moreover, anti-Stx2 antibodies raised in mice immunized with pStx2DeltaAB showed toxin neutralization activity in vitro and, more importantly, conferred partial protection to Stx2 challenge in vivo. The present vector represents the second DNA vaccine so far reported to induce protective immunity to Stx2 and may contribute, either alone or in combination with other procedures, to the development of prophylactic or therapeutic interventions aiming to ameliorate EHEC infection-associated sequelae.
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Song S, Liu C, Wang J, Zhang Y, You H, Wang Y, Liu F, Sun S. Vaccination with combination of Fit3L and RANTES in a DNA prime-protein boost regimen elicits strong cell-mediated immunity and antitumor effect. Vaccine 2008; 27:1111-8. [PMID: 19100302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With accumulating evidence indicating the importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the antitumor response, strategies are being pursued to elicit augmented CD8(+) T-cell responses against tumors with tumor vaccines. Here, we report the protective efficacy of vaccine-elicited antitumor immune responses with an aggressive HBc-expressing B16-HBc melanoma, which expressed HBc as a self and model antigen, tumor model. We demonstrated that the significantly better memory responses or marked inhibition on tumor growth could be achieved after coadministration of cytokine adjuvants RANTES and Flt3L in a DNA prime-protein boost regimen. Furthermore, the augmentation of DNA prime-protein boost regimens by cytokines gene was due to the improvement the immunopotency of DNA vaccine and subsequently the augmented Ag-specific and IFN-gamma mediating CD8(+) T-cell responses after protein boosting. Hence, this study demonstrates for the first time that combinatorial use of chemotactic and potent DC-specific growth factor molecules provides a useful strategy for enhancing antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Song
- Department of Molecular Biology and Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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Melkebeek V, Van den Broeck W, Verdonck F, Goddeeris B, Cox E. Effect of plasmid DNA encoding the porcine granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor on antigen-presenting cells in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 125:354-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu R, Megati S, Roopchand V, Luckay A, Masood A, Garcia-Hand D, Rosati M, Weiner DB, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN, Sidhu MK, Eldridge JH, Egan MA. Comparative ability of various plasmid-based cytokines and chemokines to adjuvant the activity of HIV plasmid DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2008; 26:4819-29. [PMID: 18657584 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines can be improved by the co-delivery of plasmid-encoded molecular adjuvants. We evaluated pDNAs encoding GM-CSF, Flt-3L, IL-12 alone, or in combination, for their relative ability to serve as adjuvants to augment humoral and cell-mediated immune responses elicited by prototype pDNA vaccines. In Balb/c mice we found that co-administration of plasmid-based murine GM-CSF (pmGM-CSF), murine Flt-3L (pmFlt-3L) or murine IL-12 (pmIL-12) could markedly enhance the cell-mediated immune response elicited by an HIV-1 env pDNA vaccine. Plasmid mGM-CSF also augmented the immune response elicited by DNA vaccines expressing HIV-1 Gag and Nef-Tat-Vif. In addition, the use of pmGM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant appeared to markedly increase antigen-specific proliferative responses and improved the quality of the resulting T-cell response by increasing the percentage of polyfunctional memory CD8(+) T cells. Co-delivery of pmFlt-3L with pmGM-CSF did not result in a further increase in adjuvant activity. However, the co-administration of pmGM-CSF with pmIL-12 did significantly enhance env-specific proliferative responses and vaccine efficacy in the murine vaccinia virus challenge model relative to mice immunized with the env pDNA vaccine adjuvanted with either pmGM-CSF or pmIL-12 alone. These data support the testing of pmGM-CSF and pmIL-12, used alone or in combination, as plasmid DNA vaccine adjuvants in future macaque challenge studies.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plasmids
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Wyeth Vaccines Research, Pearl River, NY 10992, United States
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Abstract
Vaccination against tumor antigens has been shown to be a safe and efficacious prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor treatment in many animal models. Clinical studies in humans indicate that specific immunotherapy can also result in clinical benefits. The active pharmaceutical ingredient in such vaccines can be DNA, RNA, protein, or peptide and can be administered naked, encapsulated, or after delivery in vitro into cells that are then adoptively transferred. One of the easiest, most versatile and theoretically safest technologies relies on the direct injection of naked messenger RNA (mRNA) that code for tumor antigens. We and others have shown in mice that intradermal application of naked mRNA results in protein expression and the development of an immune response. We used this protocol to vaccinate 15 melanoma patients. For each patient a growing metastasis was removed, total RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed, amplified, and cloned. Libraries of cDNA were transcribed to produce unlimited amounts of copy mRNA. Autologous preparations were applied intradermally in combination with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjuvant. We demonstrate here that such treatment is feasible and safe (phase 1 criteria). Furthermore, an increase in antitumor humoral immune response was seen in some patients. However, a demonstration of clinical effectiveness of direct injection of copy mRNA for antitumor immunotherapy was not shown in this study and must be evaluated in subsequent trials.
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Ko HJ, Kim YJ, Kim YS, Kim JM, Ho SH, Jeong JG, Oh SM, Chae JA, Kim CY, Lee PS, Kang CY. Immunogenicity and safety profiles of genetic vaccines against human Her-2/neu in cynomolgus monkeys. Gene Ther 2008; 15:1351-60. [PMID: 18480847 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Her-2/neu is a well-characterized tumor-associated antigen, the overexpression of which in human carcinomas correlates with a poor prognosis. Here, we evaluated Her-2/neu-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized monkeys after immunization with nonreplicating adenovirus (AdHM) expressing the extracellular and transmembrane domain of human Her-2/neu (HM) and/or naked DNA vaccine (pHM-hGM-CSF) expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor together with HM. Priming of monkeys with AdHM generated Her-2/neu-specific long-lasting antibody production. Furthermore, these Her-2/neu-specific antibodies produced by AdHM immunization, some of which shared epitope specificity with Herceptin, were able to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against Her-2-expressing target cells. Cellular immune responses were elicited in all monkeys immunized with Her-2/neu-expressing vaccine; interferon-gamma was secreted when these splenocytes were restimulated with Her-2/neu-expressing autologous cells, and immunization with AdHM induced Her-2/neu-specific lymphoproliferative responses. Further, immunization with pHM-hGM-CSF before AdHM immunization noticeably enhanced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. In addition, we observed no abnormalities that would indicate that the genetic vaccines had toxic effects in the immunized monkeys. Thus, we can conclude that our genetic vaccines efficiently elicited Her-2/neu-specific humoral and cellular immune responses without causing severe adverse effects in nonhuman primates and that as such they warrant further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Ko
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Engineered CCR5 superagonist chemokine as adjuvant in anti-tumor DNA vaccination. Vaccine 2008; 26:3252-60. [PMID: 18479788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are promising targets for enhancing T-cell immunity and anti-cancer therapy. CCL5 is a potential adjuvant for DNA vaccination. We postulated that CCR5 superagonists could be even more effective. A CCR5 superagonist derived from natural CCL5 by directed in vitro evolution, namely 1P7, is used as a DNA vaccine adjuvant and expressed as fused chemokine-Ig (1P7-Ig). We show that OVA+1P7-Ig DNA co-inoculation induced higher frequencies of OVA-specific CD8 lymphocytes than OVA+CCL5-Ig or controls and gave an even better protection against tumor growth in a CCR5-dependant manner. Our results indicate that CCR5-superagonists may provide potent adjuvants for vaccines.
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Tenbusch M, Kuate S, Tippler B, Gerlach N, Schimmer S, Dittmer U, Uberla K. Coexpression of GM-CSF and antigen in DNA prime-adenoviral vector boost immunization enhances polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses, whereas expression of GM-CSF antigen fusion protein induces autoimmunity. BMC Immunol 2008; 9:13. [PMID: 18405363 PMCID: PMC2324072 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has shown promising results as a cytokine adjuvant for antiviral vaccines and in various models of tumor gene therapy. To explore whether the targeting of antigens to GM-CSF receptors on antigen-presenting cells enhances antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses, fusion proteins of GM-CSF and ovalbumin (OVA) were expressed by DNA and adenoviral vector vaccines. In addition, bicistronic vectors allowing independent expression of the antigen and the cytokine were tested in parallel. Results In vitro, the GM-CSF ovalbumin fusion protein (GM-OVA) led to the better stimulation of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells by antigen-presenting cells than OVA and GM-CSF given as two separate proteins. However, prime-boost immunizations of mice with DNA and adenoviral vector vaccines encoding GM-OVA suppressed CD8+ T-cell responses to OVA. OVA-specific IgG2a antibody levels were also reduced, while the IgG1 antibody response was enhanced. Suppression of CD8+ T cell responses by GM-OVA vaccines was associated with the induction of neutralizing antibodies to GM-CSF. In contrast, the coexpression of GM-CSF and antigens in DNA prime adenoviral boost immunizations led to a striking expansion of polyfunctional OVA-specific CD8+ T cells without the induction of autoantibodies. Conclusion The induction of autoantibodies suggests a general note of caution regarding the use of highly immunogenic viral vector vaccines encoding fusion proteins between antigens and host proteins. In contrast, the expansion of polyfunctional OVA-specific CD8+ T cells after immunizations with bicistronic vectors further support a potential application of GM-CSF as an adjuvant for heterologous prime-boost regimens with genetic vaccines. Since DNA prime adenoviral vector boost regimenes are presently considered as one of the most efficient ways to induce CD8+ T cell responses in mice, non-human primates and humans, further enhancement of this response by GM-CSF is a striking observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tenbusch
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Immune responses of two recombinant adenoviruses expressing VP1 antigens of FMDV fused with porcine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Vaccine 2007; 25:8209-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matthews K, Rhind SM, Gossner AG, Dalziel RG, Hopkins J. The effect of gene gun-delivered pGM-CSF on the immunopathology of the vaccinated skin. Scand J Immunol 2007; 65:298-307. [PMID: 17309785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the skin immunopathology of gene gun-delivered plasmid-encoded granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF) and hence explore the possible mechanisms of its adjuvant activity. Using sheep as the experimental model, expressible pGM-CSF was administered to the epidermis and the dermal/epidermal junction and its effects on the skin were assessed by histopathology, immunohistology and quantitative RT-PCR for a range of pro-inflammatory and immune response-polarizing cytokines. Both functional and non-functional plasmids caused an acute inflammatory response with the infiltration of neutrophils and micro-abscess formation; however, the response to pGM-CSF was more severe and was also associated with the accumulation of eosinophils, immature (CD1b(-)/CD172a(-)) dendritic cells and B cells. In terms of cytokine expression, an early TNF-alpha response was stimulated by gene gun delivery of plasmid-associated gold beads, which coincided with an immediate infiltration of neutrophils. However, only pGM-CSF triggered the short-lived expression of GM-CSF (peaking at 4 h) and significant long-term increases in both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. pGM-CSF did not affect the expression of the immune response-polarizing cytokines, IL-10 and IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matthews
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, UK
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Iga M, Boissonnas A, Mahé B, Bonduelle O, Combadière C, Combadière B. Single CX3CL1-Ig DNA administration enhances T cell priming in vivo. Vaccine 2007; 25:4554-63. [PMID: 17493713 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Upon antigenic stimulation, establishment of adaptive immune responses that determines vaccine efficacy is dependent on efficient T cell priming. Here, single CX3CL1-Ig DNA administration, a unique ligand of CX3CR1, together with viral or tumor antigens induced a strong in vivo antigen-specific T cell proliferation and effector function that was enough efficient to protect against a tumor challenge. We also showed that early expression of CX3CL1-Ig and antigens in muscle and lymphoid organs induces an increased in vivo migration of myeloid CD14+CD11c+ DC but not lymphoid CD8alpha+CD11c+ DC at these sites. Thus, by effectively directing DC toward lymphoid organs to encounter T cells, CX3CL1-Ig become a new candidate that augments T cell priming and increases efficiency of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsunori Iga
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U543, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 (UPMC-Paris6), Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, 75634 Paris, Cedex 13, France
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Song R, Liu S, Leong KW. Effects of MIP-1 alpha, MIP-3 alpha, and MIP-3 beta on the induction of HIV Gag-specific immune response with DNA vaccines. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1007-1015. [PMID: 17356539 PMCID: PMC2365720 DOI: 10.1038/mt.sj.6300129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfection of DNA vaccines with chemokines may recruit dendritic cells (DCs) locally to capture the antigenic genes and their gene products to generate enhanced CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this study, we investigated the effects of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-3 alpha, and MIP-3beta on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag DNA vaccination. The chemokine plasmids markedly enhanced the local infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased the presence of CD11c(+) B7.2(+)-activated DCs. MIP-1 alpha and MIP-3 alpha were potent adjuvants in augmenting CTLs and afforded strong protection to immunized animals against challenge with vaccinia virus expressing Gag (vv-Gag). However, decreased humoral response was observed. MIP-3beta plasmid did not dramatically alter immunity. The chemokine inoculation time with respect to DNA vaccine priming was also investigated. The injection of pMIP-3 alpha three days before Gag plasmid (pGag) vaccination markedly increased specific CTLs compared with simultaneous injection and led to higher protection against vv-Gag. Immunity was also shifted toward a T-helper type-1 (Th1) response. In contrast, inoculation with pMIP-3 alpha three days after pGag vaccination shifted immunity toward a Th2 response. Our data suggest that administration of a chemokine with DNA vaccines offers a valuable strategy to modulate the efficacy and polarization of specific immunity and that chemokine-antigen timing is critical in determining overall biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Yen HH, Scheerlinck JPY. Co-delivery of plasmid-encoded cytokines modulates the immune response to a DNA vaccine delivered by in vivo electroporation. Vaccine 2007; 25:2575-82. [PMID: 17224210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, in vivo electroporation of a DNA vaccine adjuvanted with plasmids encoding different cytokines was investigated in large animals. Sheep were injected intramuscularly with a DNA vaccine encoding an antigen of Haemonchus contortus (pNPA) and plasmids encoding different cytokines followed by in vivo electroporation. Plasmids (pCI) carrying the genes of different cytokines including ovine IL-4(pCI-IL4), IL-10(pCI-IL10), GM-CSF(pCI-GMCSF), and MCP-1alpha(pCI-MCP1alpha), and pCI-IL4+pCI-GMCSF were co-delivered with pNPA. The results showed that co-delivery of pCI-GMCSF or pCI-IL4+pCI-GMCSF significantly enhanced both antibody responses and T cell proliferation responses to the antigen after two DNA immunisations compared to co-delivery of pCI. In contrast, antibody responses of the sheep that received pCI-IL10 were decreased significantly. Other cytokine expressing plasmids did not significantly alter the measured immune responses. Furthermore, co-delivery of pCI-GMCSF increased IgG2 response more than IgG1 responses, suggesting a Th1 bias. However, the increase in IgG2 over IgG1 was less apparent when co-delivery of pCI-IL4 with pCI-GMCSF. Interestingly, the co-delivery of pCI-IL4 alone did not increase the IgG1 titre, suggesting that both pCI-GMCSF and pCI-IL4 are required for optimal IgG1 production. Thus, co-delivery of plasmid-encoded cytokine genes with in vivo electroporation has the ability to effectively modulate immune responses to a DNA vaccine in a large animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsun Yen
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
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