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Mahapatra S, Ganguly B, Pani S, Saha A, Samanta M. A comprehensive review on the dynamic role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in frontier aquaculture research and as a promising avenue for fish disease management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126541. [PMID: 37648127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in inducing the broadly acting innate immune response against pathogens. In recent years, the detection of 21 different TLR types in various fish species has sparked interest in exploring the potential of TLRs as targets for boosting immunity and disease resistance in fish. This comprehensive review offers the latest insights into the diverse facets of fish TLRs, highlighting their history, classification, architectural insights through 3D modelling, ligands recognition, signalling pathways, crosstalk, and expression patterns at various developmental stages. It provides an exhaustive account of the distinct TLRs induced during the invasion of specific pathogens in various fish species and delves into the disparities between fish TLRs and their mammalian counterparts, highlighting the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish. Although various facets of TLRs in some fish, shellfish, and molluscs have been described, the role of TLRs in several other aquatic organisms still remained as potential gaps. Overall, this article outlines frontier aquaculture research in advancing the knowledge of fish immune systems for the proper management of piscine maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Mahapatra
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Saswati Pani
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
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Sawada K, Chung H, Softic S, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1852-1871. [PMID: 37939656 PMCID: PMC10680147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an unabated risk factor for end-stage liver diseases with no available therapies. Dysregulated immune responses are critical culprits of MASLD pathogenesis. Independent contributions from either the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system or their unidirectional interplay are commonly studied in MASLD. However, the bidirectional communication between innate and adaptive immune systems and its impact on MASLD remain insufficiently understood. Given that both innate and adaptive immune cells are indispensable for the development and progression of inflammation in MASLD, elucidating pathogenic contributions stemming from the bidirectional interplay between these two arms holds potential for development of novel therapeutics for MASLD. Here, we review the immune cell types and bidirectional pathways that influence the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight potential pharmacologic approaches to combat MASLD based on current knowledge of this bidirectional crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Hak Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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3
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Möckel T, Boegel S, Schwarting A. Transcriptome analysis of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in BAFF and BAFF-R deficient mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291619. [PMID: 37751458 PMCID: PMC10522044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) accompanies with high morbidity and mortality. Incomplete renal recovery can lead to chronic and finally end-stage kidney disease, which results in the requirement of lifelong dialysis or kidney transplantation. Consequently, finding predictive biomarker and therefore developing preventive therapeutic approaches is an urgent need. For this purpose, a better understanding of the mechanism underlying AKI is necessary. The cytokine BAFF (B cell activating factor) is related to AKI by supporting B cells, which in turn play an important role in inflammatory processes and the production of antibodies. In our study, we investigated the role of BAFF and its receptor BAFF-R in the early phase of AKI. Therefore, we performed the well-established ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in BAFF (B6.129S2-Tnfsf13btm1Msc/J) and BAFF-R (B6(Cg)-Tnfrsf13ctm1Mass/J) deficient mice. Transcriptome of ischemic and contralateral control kidneys was analyzed and compared to wildtype littermates. We detected the upregulation of Lcn2, Lyz2, Cd44, Fn1 and Il1rn in ischemic kidneys as well as the downregulation of Kl. Furthermore, we revealed different expression patterns in BAFF and BAFF-R knockout mice. Compared to wildtype littermates, up- and downregulation of each investigated gene were higher in BAFF-R knockout and lower in BAFF knockout. Our findings indicate a positive impact of BAFF knockout in early phase of AKI, while BAFF-R knockout seems to worsen I/R injury. In addition, our study shows for the first time a remarkable renal upregulation of Lyz2 in a murine I/R model. Therefore, we consider Lyz2 as conceivable predictive or early biomarker in case of I/R and AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Möckel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Rheumatic Disease Rhineland-Palatinate GmbH, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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4
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Guldenpfennig C, Teixeiro E, Daniels M. NF-kB's contribution to B cell fate decisions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214095. [PMID: 37533858 PMCID: PMC10391175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling is essential to an effective innate and adaptive immune response. Many immune-specific functional and developmental outcomes depend in large on NF-κB. The formidable task of sorting out the mechanisms behind the regulation and outcome of NF-κB signaling remains an important area of immunology research. Here we briefly discuss the role of NF-κB in regulating cell fate decisions at various times in the path of B cell development, activation, and the generation of long-term humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Guldenpfennig
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mark Daniels
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Martin EW, Rodriguez y Baena A, Reggiardo RE, Worthington AK, Mattingly CS, Poscablo DM, Krietsch J, McManus MT, Carpenter S, Kim DH, Forsberg EC. Dynamics of Chromatin Accessibility During Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Into Progressively Lineage-Committed Progeny. Stem Cells 2023; 41:520-539. [PMID: 36945732 PMCID: PMC10183972 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the multilineage differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into a variety of blood and immune cells. Mapping the chromatin dynamics of functionally defined cell populations will shed mechanistic insight into 2 major, unanswered questions in stem cell biology: how does epigenetic identity contribute to a cell type's lineage potential, and how do cascades of chromatin remodeling dictate ensuing fate decisions? Our recent work revealed evidence of multilineage gene priming in HSCs, where open cis-regulatory elements (CREs) exclusively shared between HSCs and unipotent lineage cells were enriched for DNA binding motifs of known lineage-specific transcription factors. Oligopotent progenitor populations operating between the HSCs and unipotent cells play essential roles in effecting hematopoietic homeostasis. To test the hypothesis that selective HSC-primed lineage-specific CREs remain accessible throughout differentiation, we used ATAC-seq to map the temporal dynamics of chromatin remodeling during progenitor differentiation. We observed epigenetic-driven clustering of oligopotent and unipotent progenitors into distinct erythromyeloid and lymphoid branches, with multipotent HSCs and MPPs associating with the erythromyeloid lineage. We mapped the dynamics of lineage-primed CREs throughout hematopoiesis and identified both unique and shared CREs as potential lineage reinforcement mechanisms at fate branch points. Additionally, quantification of genome-wide peak count and size revealed overall greater chromatin accessibility in HSCs, allowing us to identify HSC-unique peaks as putative regulators of self-renewal and multilineage potential. Finally, CRISPRi-mediated targeting of ATACseq-identified putative CREs in HSCs allowed us to demonstrate the functional role of selective CREs in lineage-specific gene expression. These findings provide insight into the regulation of stem cell multipotency and lineage commitment throughout hematopoiesis and serve as a resource to test functional drivers of hematopoietic lineage fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Martin
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Rodriguez y Baena
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Roman E Reggiardo
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Atesh K Worthington
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Connor S Mattingly
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Donna M Poscablo
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jana Krietsch
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Diabetes Center, W.M. Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Kim
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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The BAFF-APRIL System in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061791. [PMID: 36980677 PMCID: PMC10046288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF; also known as CD257, TNFSF13B, BLyS) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL; also known as CD256, TNFSF13) belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. BAFF was initially discovered as a B-cell survival factor, whereas APRIL was first identified as a protein highly expressed in various cancers. These discoveries were followed by over two decades of extensive research effort, which identified overlapping signaling cascades between BAFF and APRIL, controlling immune homeostasis in health and driving pathogenesis in autoimmunity and cancer, the latter being the focus of this review. High levels of BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors have been detected in different cancers and found to be associated with disease severity and treatment response. Here, we have summarized the role of the BAFF-APRIL system in immune cell differentiation and immune tolerance and detailed its pathogenic functions in hematological and solid cancers. We also highlight the emerging therapeutics targeting the BAFF-APRIL system in different cancer types.
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Stohl W, Yu N, Wu Y. B Cell and T Cell Dissimilarities in BAFF-Deficient versus BR3-Deficient C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2133-2140. [PMID: 36426969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BAFF is a potent B cell survival and differentiation factor with three receptors, TACI, BCMA, and BR3. B cells are greatly reduced in BAFF-deficient mice, and among mice deficient in a single BAFF receptor, B cell reduction is characteristic only of BR3-deficient mice. Nevertheless, there may be important differences between BR3-deficient mice, in which interactions between BAFF and only BR3 are abrogated, and BAFF-deficient mice, in which interactions between BAFF and all its receptors are abrogated. We demonstrate that: 1) the numbers of CD19+ cells in C57BL/6 (B6).Baff-/- and B6.Br3-/- mice diverge as the mice age; 2) the distribution of B cell subsets significantly differ between B6.Baff-/- and B6.Br3-/- mice regardless of age or sex; 3) the relationships of CD3+ and CD4+ cells to B cells vastly differ between B6.Baff-/- and B6.Br3-/- mice as a function of age and sex; 4) the numbers and percentages of CD4+Foxp3+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ are greater in B6.Baff-/- mice than in B6.Br3-/- mice; and 5) for any given number of CD19+ cells or CD4+ cells, percentages of Foxp3+ cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells are lower in B6.Br3-/- mice than in B6.Baff-/- mice, with proliferation of these cells being greater, and survival being lesser, in B6.Br3-/- mice than in B6.Baff-/- mice. Collectively, these observations raise the possibility that interactions between TACI and/or BCMA and BAFF modulate expression of B cell subsets and Foxp3+ cells and may help explain prior enigmatic observations of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease in mice despite the absence of functional engagement of BR3 by BAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ning Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ying Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Corneth OBJ, Neys SFH, Hendriks RW. Aberrant B Cell Signaling in Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213391. [PMID: 36359789 PMCID: PMC9654300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant B cell signaling plays a critical in role in various systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. This is supported by genetic evidence by many functional studies in B cells from patients or specific animal models and by the observed efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we first discuss key signal transduction pathways downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) that ensure that autoreactive B cells are removed from the repertoire or functionally silenced. We provide an overview of aberrant BCR signaling that is associated with inappropriate B cell repertoire selection and activation or survival of peripheral B cell populations and plasma cells, finally leading to autoantibody formation. Next to BCR signaling, abnormalities in other signal transduction pathways have been implicated in autoimmune disease. These include reduced activity of several phosphates that are downstream of co-inhibitory receptors on B cells and increased levels of BAFF and APRIL, which support survival of B cells and plasma cells. Importantly, pathogenic synergy of the BCR and Toll-like receptors (TLR), which can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as self-nucleic acids, has been shown to enhance autoimmunity. Finally, we will briefly discuss therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disease based on interfering with signal transduction in B cells.
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Marhelava K, Krawczyk M, Firczuk M, Fidyt K. CAR-T Cells Shoot for New Targets: Novel Approaches to Boost Adoptive Cell Therapy for B Cell-Derived Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:1804. [PMID: 35681499 PMCID: PMC9180412 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is undeniably a promising tool in combating various types of hematological malignancies. However, it is not yet optimal and a significant number of patients experience a lack of response or relapse after the treatment. Therapy improvement requires careful analysis of the occurring problems and a deeper understanding of the reasons that stand behind them. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge about CAR-T products' clinical performance and discuss diversified approaches taken to improve the major shortcomings of this therapy. Especially, we prioritize the challenges faced by CD19 CAR-T cell-based treatment of B cell-derived malignancies and revise the latest insights about mechanisms mediating therapy resistance. Since the loss of CD19 is one of the major obstacles to the success of CAR-T cell therapy, we present antigens that could be alternatively used for the treatment of various types of B cell-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Marhelava
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Marta Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
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10
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Nobari ST, Nojadeh JN, Talebi M. B-cell maturation antigen targeting strategies in multiple myeloma treatment, advantages and disadvantages. J Transl Med 2022; 20:82. [PMID: 35144648 PMCID: PMC8832753 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a transmembrane glycoprotein member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 17 (TNFRSF17), highly expressed on the plasma cells of Multiple myeloma (MM) patients, as well as the normal population. BCMA is used as a biomarker for MM. Two members of the TNF superfamily proteins, including B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), are closely related to BCMA and play an important role in plasma cell survival and progression of MM. Despite the maximum specificity of the monoclonal antibody technologies, introducing the tumor-specific antigen(s) is not applicable for all malignancies, such as MM that there plenty of relatively specific antigens such as GPCR5D, MUC1, SLAMF7 and etc., but higher expression of BCMA on these cells in comparison with normal ones can be regarded as a relatively exclusive marker. Currently, different monoclonal antibody (mAb) technologies applied in anti-MM therapies such as daratuzumab, SAR650984, GSK2857916, and CAR-T cell therapies are some of these tools that are reviewed in the present manuscript. By the way, the structure, function, and signaling of the BCMA and related molecule(s) role in normal plasma cells and MM development, evaluated as well as the potential side effects of its targeting by different CAR-T cells generations. In conclusion, BCMA can be regarded as an ideal molecule to be targeted in immunotherapeutic methods, regarding lower potential systemic and local side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Teymouri Nobari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Nouri Nojadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Applied Cells Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Lau AWY, Turner VM, Bourne K, Hermes JR, Chan TD, Brink R. BAFFR controls early memory B cell responses but is dispensable for germinal center function. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211511. [PMID: 33119033 PMCID: PMC7604765 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The TNF superfamily ligand BAFF maintains the survival of naive B cells by signaling through its surface receptor, BAFFR. Activated B cells maintain expression of BAFFR after they differentiate into germinal center (GC) or memory B cells (MBCs). However, the functions of BAFFR in these antigen-experienced B cell populations remain unclear. Here, we show that B cell-intrinsic BAFFR does not play a significant role in the survival or function of GC B cells or in the generation of the somatically mutated MBCs derived from them. Instead, BAFF/BAFFR signaling was required to generate the unmutated, GC-independent MBCs that differentiate directly from activated B cell blasts early in the response. Furthermore, amplification of BAFFR signaling in responding B cells did not affect GCs or the generation of GC-derived MBCs but greatly expanded the GC-independent MBC response. Although BAFF/BAFFR signaling specifically controlled the formation of the GC-independent MBC response, both types of MBCs required input from this pathway for optimal long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica W Y Lau
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivian M Turner
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine Bourne
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jana R Hermes
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tyani D Chan
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Sevdali E, Block Saldana V, Speletas M, Eibel H. BAFF receptor polymorphisms and deficiency in humans. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:103-110. [PMID: 34311146 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The BAFF-receptor (BAFFR) is a member of the TNF-receptor family. It is expressed only by B cells and binds BAFF as single ligand, which activates key signaling pathways regulating essential cellular functions, including survival, protein synthesis, and metabolic fitness. In humans, BAFFR deficiency interrupts B cell development at the transition from immature to mature B cells and causes B lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and impaired humoral immune responses. Polymorphisms in TNFRSF13C gene affecting BAFFR oligomerization and signaling have been described in patients with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and B cell lymphomas. Despite a uniform expression pattern of BAFFR in peripheral mature B cells, depletion of BAFF with neutralizing antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus does not affect the survival of switched memory B cells. These findings imply a distinct dependency of mature B cell subsets on BAFF/BAFFR interaction and highlight the contribution of BAFFR-derived signals in peripheral B cell development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sevdali
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Violeta Block Saldana
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Chappaz S, McArthur K, Kealy L, Law CW, Tailler M, Lane RM, Lieschke A, Ritchie ME, Good-Jacobson KL, Strasser A, Kile BT. Homeostatic apoptosis prevents competition-induced atrophy in follicular B cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109430. [PMID: 34289356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is thought to play a central role in shaping the B cell lineage, its precise role in mature B cell homeostasis remains elusive. Using mice in which mature B cells are unable to undergo apoptotic cell death, we show that apoptosis constrains follicular B (FoB) cell lifespan but plays no role in marginal zone B (MZB) cell homeostasis. In these mice, FoB cells accumulate abnormally. This intensifies intercellular competition for BAFF, resulting in a contraction of the MZB cell compartment, and reducing the growth, trafficking, and fitness of FoB cells. Diminished BAFF signaling dampens the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, undermining FoB cell growth despite the concurrent triggering of a protective p53 response. Thus, MZB and FoB cells exhibit a differential requirement for the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Homeostatic apoptosis constrains the size of the FoB cell compartment, thereby preventing competition-induced FoB cell atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chappaz
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia.
| | - Kate McArthur
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Liam Kealy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Charity W Law
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Maximilien Tailler
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Rachael M Lane
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | | | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia; Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 SA, Australia.
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14
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B cells as target for immunotherapy in rheumatic diseases - current status. Immunol Lett 2021; 236:12-19. [PMID: 34077805 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review is a short overview of different therapeutical strategies targeting B cells in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, mainly: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjogren Syndrome (pSS). Many strategies and their rationale are discussed in this review: B cells' depletion (anti-CD20, anti-CD22), long-lived plasma cells depletion (anti-CD19, anti-CD27, anti-CD38 and anti-CD138), changing activation of B cells (anti-BAFF) and inhibiting proteasomes in plasma cells (bortezomib). The past successful therapies and less successful are shown, and the possible reasons for failures are discussed.
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15
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Ex vivo characterization of Breg cells in patients with chronic Chagas disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5511. [PMID: 33750870 PMCID: PMC7943772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing importance of the regulatory function of B cells in many infectious diseases, their immunosuppressive role remains elusive in chronic Chagas disease (CCD). Here, we studied the proportion of different B cell subsets and their capacity to secrete IL-10 ex vivo in peripheral blood from patients with or without CCD cardiomyopathy. First, we immunophenotyped peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients according to the expression of markers CD19, CD24, CD38 and CD27 and we showed an expansion of total B cell and transitional CD24highCD38high B cell subsets in CCD patients with cardiac involvement compared to non-infected donors. Although no differences were observed in the frequency of total IL-10 producing B cells (B10) among the groups, CCD patients with cardiac involvement showed an increased proportion of naïve B10 cells and a tendency to a higher frequency of transitional B10 cells compared to non-infected donors. Our research demonstrates that transitional B cells are greatly expanded in patients with the cardiac form of CCD and these cells retain the ability to secrete IL-10. These findings provide insight into the phenotypic distribution of regulatory B cells in CCD, an important step towards new strategies to prevent cardiomyopathy associated with T. cruzi infection.
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16
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Möckel T, Basta F, Weinmann-Menke J, Schwarting A. B cell activating factor (BAFF): Structure, functions, autoimmunity and clinical implications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102736. [PMID: 33333233 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The B cell activating factor (BAFF), or B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), is a B cell survival factor which supports autoreactive B cells and prevents their deletion. BAFF expression is closely linked with autoimmunity and is enhanced by genetic alterations and viral infections. Furthermore, BAFF seems to be involved in adipogenesis, atherosclerosis, neuro-inflammatory processes and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. BAFF is commonly overexpressed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and strongly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The relationship between BAFF levels, disease activity and damage accrual in SLE is controversial, but growing evidence is emerging on its role in renal involvement. Belimumab, a biologic BAFF inhibitor, has been the first biologic agent licensed for SLE therapy so far. As Rituximab (RTX) has been shown to increase BAFF levels following B cell depletion, the combination therapy of RTX plus belimumab (being evaluated in two RCT) seems to be a valuable option for several clinical scenarios. In this review we will highlight the growing body of evidence of immune and non-immune related BAFF expression in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Möckel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Fabio Basta
- Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatinate, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatinate, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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17
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Zhao Y, Zhang W, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yuan Y. Factors associated with refractory autoimmune necrotizing myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:181. [PMID: 32641139 PMCID: PMC7341563 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune necrotizing myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies (ANM-SRP) is regarded as refractory myositis, whereby some patients respond poorly to conventional immunosuppression and require B cell depletion treatment. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with refractory ANM-SRP. Results Clinical and pathological data from 48 patients with ANM-SRP were collected. We followed up clinical symptoms and image changes over 12 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to determine the associations between variables of interest and poor response to therapy. Refractory ANM-SRP appeared in 32.5% of patients who showed no or minimal improvement after 12 months of steroid therapy. The clinical risk factors for refractory patients were being male (OR, 19.57; P < 0.001), severe muscle weakness (OR, 7.51; P < 0.001) and concurrent interstitial lung disease (OR, 39.70; P < 0.001). The imaging refractory-related factor was the fatty infiltration rate of thigh muscles over 3 months (P = 0.022) and the pathological factor associated with refractory ANM-SRP was the high expression of B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) in muscle (P = 0.036). Conclusion Being male, severe muscle weakness, concurrent interstitial lung disease, quick development of muscle fatty infiltration and more BAFF-R and B lymphocyte infiltration in muscle indicate a poor response to immunosuppressive therapy in patients with ANM-SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
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18
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Zhou X, Mulazzani M, von Mücke-Heim IA, Langer S, Zhang W, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Dreyling M, Straube A, von Baumgarten L. The Role of BAFF-R Signaling in the Growth of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:682. [PMID: 32528875 PMCID: PMC7266954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive brain tumor. Despite improvements in therapeutic algorithms, long-term survival remains rare, illustrating an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. BAFF-R is a pro-survival receptor expressed on most malignant B cells, including PCNSL. To date, its role in PCNSL growth remains elusive. Here, we have created a BAFF-R knockout lymphoma cell line (BAFF-R-KO) using CRISPR-Cas9. In serum-starved conditions, BAFF-R-KO cells exhibit decreased viability in vitro compared to BAFF-R+ cells. Combining an orthotopic mouse model of PCNSL with chronic cranial windows and intravital microscopy, we have demonstrated a significant delay in tumor growth in mice inoculated with BAFF-R-KO cells compared to BAFF-R+ PCNSL. Additionally, median survival of BAFF-R-KO mice was significantly prolonged. Altogether, our results indicate the high potential of BAFF-R as a novel treatment target for PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Sigrid Langer
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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19
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Yarchoan M, Ho WJ, Mohan A, Shah Y, Vithayathil T, Leatherman J, Dennison L, Zaidi N, Ganguly S, Woolman S, Cruz K, Armstrong TD, Jaffee EM. Effects of B cell-activating factor on tumor immunity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136417. [PMID: 32434989 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies that modulate T cell function have been firmly established as a pillar of cancer therapy, whereas the potential for B cells in the antitumor immune response is less established. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a B cell-activating cytokine belonging to the TNF ligand family that has been associated with autoimmunity, but little is known about its effects on cancer immunity. We find that BAFF upregulates multiple B cell costimulatory molecules; augments IL-12a expression, consistent with Be-1 lineage commitment; and enhances B cell antigen-presentation to CD4+ Th cells in vitro. In a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma, BAFF upregulates B cell CD40 and PD-L1 expression; it also modulates T cell function through increased T cell activation and TH1 polarization, enhanced expression of the proinflammatory leukocyte trafficking chemokine CCR6, and promotion of a memory phenotype, leading to enhanced antitumor immunity. Similarly, adjuvant BAFF promotes a memory phenotype of T cells in vaccine-draining lymph nodes and augments the antitumor efficacy of whole cell vaccines. BAFF also has distinct immunoregulatory functions, promoting the expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen and tumor microenvironment (TME). Human melanoma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrate that BAFF expression is positively associated with overall survival and a TH1/IFN-γ gene signature. These data support a potential role for BAFF signaling as a cancer immunotherapy.
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20
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Chen YT, Kung JT. Rapid Death of Follicular B Cells and Burkitt Lymphoma Cells Effectuated by Xbp1s. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3236-3247. [PMID: 32376649 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BCR-mediated tonic signaling is an indispensable requirement for the survival of follicular B (FOB) cells and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells. FOB cells of the I-A12% mutant mouse express unfolded protein response and are extremely short lived. Among the myriad molecules activated by unfolded protein response in I-A12% B cells, Xbp1s singularly "hijacked" p110 from p85:p110 heterodimeric PI3K, thereby abating BCR tonic signaling, resulting in their extremely short lifespan. Long-lived normal FOB cells became short lived upon ectopic Xbp1s expression. The proapoptotic Xbp1s role in FOB cells starkly contrasts with its antithetical prosurvival function in plasma cells. Also, tonic signaling and clonal expansion, two important functions mediated by the same BCR, operate in independent and distinct manners. Furthermore, concerning the development of new therapeutic treatment of drug-refractory BL patients, our finding of Xbp1s-mediated rapid death of BL cells brings forth a conceptual advancement based on blocking PI3K heterodimer formation rather than inhibition of PI3K enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - John T Kung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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21
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Hameed R, Mirdan Al-Ibraheemi M, Obayes Al-Khikani F, Hasan N, Salman Almosawey H, Al-Asadi A. The possible role of immunoglobulin A monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 infection. MATRIX SCIENCE MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_27_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Yang MG, Sun L, Han J, Zheng C, Liang H, Zhu J, Jin T. Biological characteristics of transcription factor RelB in different immune cell types: implications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Mol Brain 2019; 12:115. [PMID: 31881915 PMCID: PMC6935142 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor RelB is a member of the nuclear factror-kappa B (NF-κB) family, which plays a crucial role in mediating immune responses. Plenty of studies have demonstrated that RelB actively contributes to lymphoid organ development, dendritic cells maturation and function and T cells differentiation, as well as B cell development and survival. RelB deficiency may cause a variety of immunological disorders in both mice and humans. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which involves a board of immune cell populations. Thereby, RelB may exert an impact on MS by modulating the functions of dendritic cells and the differentiation of T cells and B cells. Despite intensive research, the role of RelB in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, is still unclear. Herein, we give an overview of the biological characters of RelB, summarize the updated knowledge regarding the role of RelB in different cell types that contribute to MS pathogenesis and discuss the potential RelB-targeted therapeutic implications for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ge Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.,Present address: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hudong Liang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.
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23
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Krasnov A, Sommerset I, Søfteland T, Afanasyev S, Boysen P, Lund H. Consequences of Haemorrhagic Smolt Syndrome (HSS) for the Immune Status of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) (Case Study). BIOLOGY 2019; 9:biology9010001. [PMID: 31861586 PMCID: PMC7168143 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (HSS) is a disorder of unknown aetiology causing losses in the fresh water phase of Atlantic salmon farming. Normally, the mortality is limited and symptoms disappear upon seawater exposure. In this case study, classical HSS pathology with internal organ haemorrhages and nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed, and the losses were substantial. Microarray analyses of head kidney revealed association between HSS and enhanced expression of stress genes and proteins reducing bioavailability of iron, heme, and retinol. In parallel, suppression of multiple metabolic pathways was observed. Up-regulation of genes encoding acute phase proteins, complement, and lectins indicated mild inflammation but without characteristic features of viral or bacterial infections. Microarray analyses highlighted several members of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may control development of B-cell immunity. Examination of IgM at the mRNA and protein levels showed the impact of HSS on vaccine responses. In fish without HSS symptoms (non-HSS), titres of vaccine specific antibodies to A-layer of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and Moritella viscosa and antibodies binding to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH), which are presumably polyreactive, were respectively four- and 14-fold higher than in HSS-diseased fish. Parallel sequencing of variable regions of immunoglobulin Mrevealed a larger size of most abundant clonotypes shared by multiple individuals in the non-HSS group. The results of the current case study indicated that, in addition to direct damage, HSS suppresses humoral immune responses including the production of specific and polyreactive antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Krasnov
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries & Aquaculture Research, P.O. Box 5010, 1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Ingunn Sommerset
- Norwegian National Veterinary Institute, Thormøhlensgate 53 C, N-5006 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Tina Søfteland
- MSD Animal Health, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Sergey Afanasyev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, M. Toreza Av. 44, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia;
| | - Preben Boysen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Hege Lund
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
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24
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Shabgah AG, Shariati-Sarabi Z, Tavakkol-Afshari J, Mohammadi M. The role of BAFF and APRIL in rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17050-17063. [PMID: 30941763 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development and activation of B cells quickly became clear after identifying new ligands and receptors in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are the members of membrane proteins Type 2 family released by proteolytic cleavage of furin to form active, soluble homotrimers. Except for B cells, ligands are expressed by all such immune cells like T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. BAFF and APRIL have two common receptors, namely TNFR homolog transmembrane activator and Ca2+ modulator and CAML interactor (TACI) and B cell-maturation antigen. BAFF alone can also be coupled with a third receptor called BAFFR (also called BR3 or BLyS Receptor). These receptors are often expressed by immune cells in the B-cell lineage. The binding of BAFF or APRIL to their receptors supports B cells differentiation and proliferation, immunoglobulin production and the upregulation of B cell-effector molecules expression. It is possible that the overexpression of BAFF and APRIL contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In BAFF transgenic mice, there is a pseudo-autoimmune manifestation, which is associated with an increase in B-lymphocytes, hyperglobulinemia, anti-single stranded DNA, and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, and immune complexes in their peripheral blood. Furthermore, overexpressing BAFF augments the number of peripheral B220+ B cells with a normal proliferation rate, high levels of Bcl2, and prolonged survival and hyperactivity. Therefore, in this review article, we studied BAFF and APRIL as important mediators in B-cell and discussed their role in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo G Shabgah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shariati-Sarabi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Yang S, Li H, Xu L, Deng Z, Han W, Liu Y, Jiang W, Zu Y. Oligonucleotide Aptamer-Mediated Precision Therapy of Hematological Malignancies. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:164-175. [PMID: 30292138 PMCID: PMC6172475 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine has recently emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy because it not only specifically targets cancer cells but it also does not have adverse effects on normal cells. Oligonucleotide aptamers are a class of small molecule ligands that can specifically bind to their targets on cell surfaces with high affinity. Aptamers have great potential in precision cancer therapy due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Therefore, aptamer technology has been widely investigated for biomedical and clinical applications. This review focuses on the potential applications of aptamer technology as a new tool for precision treatment of hematological malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghui Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Kowalczyk-Quintas C, Chevalley D, Willen L, Jandus C, Vigolo M, Schneider P. Inhibition of Membrane-Bound BAFF by the Anti-BAFF Antibody Belimumab. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2698. [PMID: 30524439 PMCID: PMC6256835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF, also known as BLyS), a cytokine that regulates homeostasis of peripheral B cells, is elevated in the circulation of patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). BAFF is synthetized as a membrane-bound protein that can be processed to a soluble form after cleavage at a furin consensus sequence, a site that in principle can be recognized by any of the several proteases of the pro-protein convertase family. Belimumab is a human antibody approved for the treatment of SLE, often cited as specific for the soluble form of BAFF. Here we show in different experimental systems, including in a monocytic cell line (U937) that naturally expresses BAFF, that belimumab binds to membrane-bound BAFF with similar EC50 as the positive control atacicept, which is a decoy receptor for both BAFF and the related cytokine APRIL (a proliferation inducing ligand). In U937 cells, binding of both reagents was only detectable in furin-deficient U937 cells, showing that furin is the main BAFF processing protease in these cells. In CHO cells expressing membrane-bound BAFF lacking the stalk region, belimumab inhibited the activity of membrane-bound BAFF less efficiently than atacicept, while in furin-deficient U937 cells, belimumab inhibited membrane-bound BAFF and residual soluble BAFF as efficiently as atacicept. These reagents did not activate complement or antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity upon binding to membrane-bound BAFF in vitro. In conclusion, our data show that belimumab can inhibit membrane-bound BAFF, and that BAFF in U937 cells is processed by furin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dehlia Chevalley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Vigolo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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B cell therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis: current and emerging treatment options. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:580-591. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Papa I, Vinuesa CG. Synaptic Interactions in Germinal Centers. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1858. [PMID: 30150988 PMCID: PMC6099157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is a complex, highly dynamic microanatomical niche that allows the generation of high-affinity antibody-producing plasma cells and memory B cells. These cells constitute the basis of long-lived highly protective antibody responses. For affinity maturation to occur, B cells undergo multiple rounds of proliferation and mutation of the genes that encode the immunoglobulin V region followed by selection by specialized T cells called follicular helper T (TFH) cells. In order to achieve this result, the GC requires spatially and temporally coordinated interactions between the different cell types, including B and T lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells. Cognate interactions between TFH and GC B cells resemble cellular connections and synaptic communication within the nervous system, which allow signals to be transduced rapidly and effectively across the synaptic cleft. Such immunological synapses are particularly critical in the GC where the speed of T–B cell interactions is faster and their duration shorter than at other sites. In addition, the antigen-based specificity of cognate interactions in GCs is critical for affinity-based selection in which B cells compete for T cell help so that rapid modulation of the signaling threshold determines the outcome of the interaction. In the context of GCs, which contain large numbers of cells in a highly compacted structure, focused delivery of signals across the interacting cells becomes particularly important. Promiscuous or bystander delivery of positive selection signals could potentially lead to the appearance of long-lived self-reactive B cell clones. Cytokines, cytotoxic granules, and more recently neurotransmitters have been shown to be transferred from TFH to B cells upon cognate interactions. This review describes the current knowledge on immunological synapses occurring during GC responses including the type of granules, their content, and function in TFH-mediated help to B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Papa
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
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29
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Hijano DR, Siefker DT, Shrestha B, Jaligama S, Vu LD, Tillman H, Finkelstein D, Saravia J, You D, Cormier SA. Type I Interferon Potentiates IgA Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During Infancy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11034. [PMID: 30038294 PMCID: PMC6056463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in infants and young children worldwide. Although mucosal RSV vaccines can reduce RSV disease burden, little is known about mucosal immune response capabilities in children. Neonatal or adult mice were infected with RSV; a subset of neonatal mice received interferon alpha (IFN-α) (intranasal) prior to RSV infection. B cells, B cell activating factor (BAFF) and IgA were measured by flow cytometry. RSV specific IgA was measured in nasal washes. Nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and lungs were stained for BAFF and IgA. Herein, we show in a mouse model of RSV infection that IFN-α plays a dual role as an antiviral and immune modulator and age-related differences in IgA production upon RSV infection can be overcome by IFN-α administration. IFN-α administration before RSV infection in neonatal mice increased RSV-specific IgA production in the nasal mucosa and induced expression of the B-cell activating factor BAFF in NALT. These findings are important, as mucosal antibodies at the infection site, and not serum antibodies, have been shown to protect human adults from experimental RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Hijano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David T Siefker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bishwas Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sridhar Jaligama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luan D Vu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dahui You
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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30
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Robak OH, Heimesaat MM, Kruglov AA, Prepens S, Ninnemann J, Gutbier B, Reppe K, Hochrein H, Suter M, Kirschning CJ, Marathe V, Buer J, Hornef MW, Schnare M, Schneider P, Witzenrath M, Bereswill S, Steinhoff U, Suttorp N, Sander LE, Chaput C, Opitz B. Antibiotic treatment-induced secondary IgA deficiency enhances susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3535-3545. [PMID: 29771684 DOI: 10.1172/jci97065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are widely used with patients in intensive care units (ICUs), many of whom develop hospital-acquired infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although preceding antimicrobial therapy is known as a major risk factor for P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that depletion of the resident microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment inhibited TLR-dependent production of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), resulting in a secondary IgA deficiency in the lung in mice and human ICU patients. Microbiota-dependent local IgA contributed to early antibacterial defense against P. aeruginosa. Consequently, P. aeruginosa-binding IgA purified from lamina propria culture or IgA hybridomas enhanced resistance of antibiotic-treated mice to P. aeruginosa infection after transnasal substitute. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the well-documented risk of P. aeruginosa infection following antimicrobial therapy, and we propose local administration of IgA as a novel prophylactic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H Robak
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sandra Prepens
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justus Ninnemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hochrein
- Department of Research Immunology, Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark Suter
- Universität Zürich, Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Veena Marathe
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Schnare
- Institute of Immunology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steinhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Catherine Chaput
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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31
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Palmer VL, Worth AN, Scott RL, Perry GA, Yan M, Li QZ, Swanson PC. IL10 restrains autoreactive B cells in transgenic mice expressing inactive RAG1. Cell Immunol 2018; 331:110-120. [PMID: 30017086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IL10 plays a dual role in supporting humoral immunity and inhibiting inflammatory conditions. B cells producing IL10 are thought to play a key regulatory role in maintaining self-tolerance and suppressing excessive inflammation during autoimmune and infectious diseases, primarily by inhibiting associated T cell responses. The extent to which B cells, through the provision of IL10, might function to sustain or inhibit autoantibody production is less clear. We previously described transgenic mice expressing catalytically inactive RAG1 (dnRAG1 mice), which show expansion of an IL10-compentent CD5+ B cell subset that phenotypically resembles B10 B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, and a restricted B cell receptor repertoire with features indicative of impaired B cell receptor editing. We show here that B10-like B cells in dnRAG1 mice bind the membrane-associated autoantigen phosphatidylcholine (PtC), and that in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of dnRAG1 splenocytes induces a robust IgM response enriched in reactivity toward lupus-associated autoantigens. This outcome was correlated with detection of sIgMhi B cell populations that were distinct from, but in addition to, sIgMint populations observed after similar treatment of wild-type splenocytes. Loss of IL10 expression in dnRAG1 mice had no significant effect on B10-like B cell expansion or the frequency of PtC+ B cells. Compared to IL10+/+ dnRAG1 mice, levels of serum IgM, but not serum IgG, were highly elevated in some naïve IL10-/- dnRAG1 mice, and was correlated with a significant increase in serum BAFF levels. Differentiation of sIgMint B cells from LPS-stimulated dnRAG1 splenocytes was enhanced by loss of IL10 expression and IL10 blockade, but was suppressed by treatment with recombinant IL10. In vitro LPS-induced differentiation and antibody production was inhibited by treatment with JAK/STAT inhibitors or a synthetic corticosteroid, independent of IL10 expression and genotype. Taken together, these data suggest that IL10 expression in dnRAG1 mice maintains suppression of IgM levels in part by inhibiting BAFF production, and that regulatory B10-like B cells, through the provision of IL10, constrains B cell differentiation in response to mitogenic stimuli. Furthermore, autoantibody profiling raises a possible link between CD5+ B cell expansion, mitogenic stimulation, and autoantibodies associated with autoimmune complications observed in lupus and lupus-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Palmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Alexandra N Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Robyn L Scott
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Greg A Perry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Mei Yan
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Patrick C Swanson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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32
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Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member (TNFSF) 13 (APRIL) and TNFSF13B (BAFF) downregulate homeostatic immunoglobulin production in the intestines. Cell Immunol 2018; 323:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Giordano D, Draves KE, Young LB, Roe K, Bryan MA, Dresch C, Richner JM, Diamond MS, Gale M, Clark EA. Protection of mice deficient in mature B cells from West Nile virus infection by passive and active immunization. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006743. [PMID: 29176765 PMCID: PMC5720816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor receptor (BAFFR)-/- mice have a profound reduction in mature B cells, but unlike μMT mice, they have normal numbers of newly formed, immature B cells. Using a West Nile virus (WNV) challenge model that requires antibodies (Abs) for protection, we found that unlike wild-type (WT) mice, BAFFR-/- mice were highly susceptible to WNV and succumbed to infection within 8 to 12 days after subcutaneous virus challenge. Although mature B cells were required to protect against lethal infection, infected BAFFR-/- mice had reduced WNV E-specific IgG responses and neutralizing Abs. Passive transfer of immune sera from previously infected WT mice rescued BAFFR-/- and fully B cell-deficient μMT mice, but unlike μMT mice that died around 30 days post-infection, BAFFR-/- mice survived, developed WNV-specific IgG Abs and overcame a second WNV challenge. Remarkably, protective immunity could be induced in mature B cell-deficient mice. Administration of a WNV E-anti-CD180 conjugate vaccine 30 days prior to WNV infection induced Ab responses that protected against lethal infection in BAFFR-/- mice but not in μMT mice. Thus, the immature B cells present in BAFFR-/- and not μMT mice contribute to protective antiviral immunity. A CD180-based vaccine may promote immunity in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giordano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin E. Draves
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lucy B. Young
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Roe
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marianne A. Bryan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christiane Dresch
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Justin M. Richner
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- The Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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34
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Hamilton JA, Wu Q, Yang P, Luo B, Liu S, Hong H, Li J, Walter MR, Fish EN, Hsu HC, Mountz JD. Cutting Edge: Endogenous IFN-β Regulates Survival and Development of Transitional B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2618-2623. [PMID: 28904124 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transitional stage of B cell development is a formative stage in the spleen where autoreactive specificities are censored as B cells gain immune competence, but the intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating survival of transitional stage 1 (T1) B cells are unknown. We report that B cell expression of IFN-β is required for optimal survival and TLR7 responses of transitional B cells in the spleen and was overexpressed in T1 B cells from BXD2 lupus-prone mice. Single-cell gene expression analysis of B6 Ifnb+/+ versus B6 Ifnb-⁄- T1 B cells revealed heterogeneous expression of Ifnb in wild-type B cells and distinct gene expression patterns associated with endogenous IFN-β. Single-cell analysis of BXD2 T1 B cells revealed that Ifnb is expressed in early T1 B cell development with subsequent upregulation of Tlr7 and Ifna1 Together, these data suggest that T1 B cell expression of IFN-β plays a key role in regulating responsiveness to external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie A Hamilton
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Qi Wu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - PingAr Yang
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Bao Luo
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Huixian Hong
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Mark R Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M1, Canada; and
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John D Mountz
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; .,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233
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35
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Bertocci B, Lecoeuche D, Sterlin D, Kühn J, Gaillard B, De Smet A, Lembo F, Bole-Feysot C, Cagnard N, Fadeev T, Dahan A, Weill JC, Reynaud CA. Klhl6 Deficiency Impairs Transitional B Cell Survival and Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2408-2420. [PMID: 28807996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Klhl6 belongs to the KLHL gene family, which is composed of an N-terminal BTB-POZ domain and four to six Kelch motifs in tandem. Several of these proteins function as adaptors of the Cullin3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In this article, we report that Klhl6 deficiency induces, as previously described, a 2-fold reduction in mature B cells. However, we find that this deficit is centered on the inability of transitional type 1 B cells to survive and to progress toward the transitional type 2 B cell stage, whereas cells that have passed this step generate normal germinal centers (GCs) upon a T-dependent immune challenge. Klhl6-deficient type 1 B cells showed a 2-fold overexpression of genes linked with cell proliferation, including most targets of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome complex, a set of genes whose expression is precisely downmodulated upon culture of splenic transitional B cells in the presence of BAFF. These results thus suggest a delay in the differentiation process of Klhl6-deficient B cells between the immature and transitional stage. We further show, in the BL2 Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, that KLHL6 interacts with Cullin3, but also that it binds to HBXIP/Lamtor5, a protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and cytokinesis. Finally, we report that KLHL6, which is recurrently mutated in B cell lymphomas, is an off-target of the normal somatic hypermutation process taking place in GC B cells in both mice and humans, thus leaving open whether, despite the lack of impact of Klhl6 deficiency on GC B cell expansion, mutants could contribute to the oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bertocci
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France;
| | - Damiana Lecoeuche
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Delphine Sterlin
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Julius Kühn
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University Medicine Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gaillard
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Annie De Smet
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Frederique Lembo
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068-CNRS UMR7258, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Plateforme de Génomique, Imagine Institut des Maladies Génétiques-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM 1163 and INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Université Paris Descartes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Tatiana Fadeev
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Auriel Dahan
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France;
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Soleto I, Abós B, Castro R, González L, Tafalla C, Granja AG. The BAFF / APRIL axis plays an important role in virus-induced peritoneal responses in rainbow trout. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:210-217. [PMID: 28302579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
IgM+ B cells have been recently demonstrated to be key regulators of peritoneal inflammation in teleost, as a large number of them occupy the peritoneal cavity after 48 h of antigenic stimulation. Despite this, the number of studies addressing the mechanism through which this cell population expands and differentiates in response to stimuli has been scarcely addressed. Because the BAFF/APRIL axis is known to play a major role in B cell survival and differentiation in mammals, we hypothesized that it could be affected in the peritoneal cavity in response to an inflammatory stimulus. To verify this hypothesis, we studied how BAFF, APRIL and the fish-specific related cytokine BALM as well as their putative receptors are regulated in rainbow trout after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). When the transcriptional analysis was performed in total cells from the peritoneum, we observed that VHSV provoked an up-regulation of both BAFF and BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) mRNA levels. However, when we examined how isolated peritoneal IgM+ B cells were transcriptionally affected by VHSV i.p. injection, we found that APRIL, BALM and the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) were also up-regulated in response to the virus. IgM- cells, on the other hand, only up-regulated BALM transcription in response to VHSV. Finally, to gain further insight on the role that these cytokines play in the peritoneum, we have studied their effect on the survival of peritoneal IgM+ B cells. This work demonstrates a key role for the BAFF/APRIL axis in the peritoneal inflammatory response and contributes to further understanding how IgM+ B cells are regulated at this specific peripheral site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Soleto
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia González
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aitor G Granja
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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Tafalla C, González L, Castro R, Granja AG. B Cell-Activating Factor Regulates Different Aspects of B Cell Functionality and Is Produced by a Subset of Splenic B Cells in Teleost Fish. Front Immunol 2017; 8:295. [PMID: 28360916 PMCID: PMC5350146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, B cell functionality is greatly influenced by cytokines released by innate cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells, upon the early recognition of common pathogen patterns through invariant receptors. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is one of these innate B cell-helper signals and plays a key role in the survival and differentiation of B cells. Although, evolutionarily, teleost fish constitute the first animal group in which adaptive immunity based on Ig receptors is present, fish still rely greatly on innate responses. In this context, we hypothesized that BAFF would play a key role in the control of B cell responses in fish. Supporting this, our results show that teleost BAFF recapitulates mammalian BAFF stimulating actions on B cells, upregulating the expression of membrane MHC II, improving the survival of fish naïve B cells and antibody-secreting cells, and increasing the secretion of IgM. Surprisingly, we also demonstrate that BAFF is not only produced in fish by myeloid cells but is also produced by a subset of splenic B cells. Thus, if this B cell-produced BAFF proves to be actively regulating this same B cell subset, our findings point to an ancient mechanism to control B cell differentiation and survival in lower vertebrates, which has been silenced in mammals in physiological conditions, but reemerges under pathological conditions, such as B cell lymphomas and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tafalla
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Pathology, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lucia González
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Pathology, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rosario Castro
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Pathology, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Aitor G Granja
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Pathology, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA) , Madrid , Spain
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Lenert A, Niewold TB, Lenert P. Spotlight on blisibimod and its potential in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence to date. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:747-757. [PMID: 28331294 PMCID: PMC5357079 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s114552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
B cells in general and BAFF (B cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor [TNF] family) in particular have been primary targets of recent clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In 2011, belimumab, a monoclonal antibody against BAFF, became the first biologic agent approved for the treatment of SLE. Follow-up studies have shown excellent long-term safety and tolerability of belimumab. In this review, we critically analyze blisibimod, a novel BAFF-neutralizing agent. In contrast to belimumab that only blocks soluble BAFF trimer but not soluble 60-mer or membrane BAFF, blisibimod blocks with high affinity all three forms of BAFF. Furthermore, blisibimod has a unique structure built on four high-affinity BAFF-binding peptides fused to the IgG1-Fc carrier. It was tested in phase I and II trials in SLE where it showed safety and tolerability. While it failed to reach the primary endpoint in a recent phase II trial, post hoc analysis demonstrated its efficacy in SLE patients with higher disease activity. Based on these results, blisibimod is currently undergoing phase III trials targeting this responder subpopulation of SLE patients. The advantage of blisibimod, compared to its competitors, lies in its higher avidity for BAFF, but a possible drawback may come from its immunogenic potential and the anticipated loss of efficacy over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Lenert
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Clinic, Lexington, KY
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Petar Lenert
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Stohl W. Inhibition of B cell activating factor (BAFF) in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:623-633. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1291343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Smulski CR, Kury P, Seidel LM, Staiger HS, Edinger AK, Willen L, Seidl M, Hess H, Salzer U, Rolink AG, Rizzi M, Schneider P, Eibel H. BAFF- and TACI-Dependent Processing of BAFFR by ADAM Proteases Regulates the Survival of B Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2189-2202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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B cell activating factor is induced by toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor-ligands and plays critical role in IgM synthesis in Labeo rohita. Mol Immunol 2016; 78:9-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Aptamers in hematological malignancies and their potential therapeutic implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 106:108-17. [PMID: 27637356 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short DNA/RNA oligonucleotides selected by the process called Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Due to their functional similarity to monoclonal antibodies with some superior characters, such as high specificity and affinity, flexible modification and stability, and lack of toxicity and immunogenicity, they are promising alternative and complementary targeted therapy for hematologic malignancies. The trends in aptamer technology including production, selection, modifications are briefly discussed in this review. The key aspect is to illustrate aptamers against cancer cells in hematologic malignancies especially those that have entered clinical trials. We also discuss some challenges remain in the application of aptamers.
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Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. BAFF- and APRIL-targeted therapy in systemic autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen 2016; 36:6. [PMID: 29259679 PMCID: PMC5725651 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-016-0015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a pivotal role in autoimmunity not only by producing pathogenic autoantibodies but also by modulating immune responses via the production of cytokines and chemokines. The B cell-activating factor/a proliferation-inducing ligand (BAFF/APRIL) system promotes B cell survival and differentiation and thus plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Currently, BAFF and APRIL inhibitors are in clinical trials for systemic lupus erythematosus with significant efficacy. However, several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the BAFF/APRIL blockade which showed considerable variability in the response to B cell-targeted therapy. This may indicate substantial heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, objective markers that can predict the effect of BAFF/APRIL-blocking agents could be valuable to the precision medicine linked clinically and to cost-effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakayamada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555 Japan
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Cildir G, Low KC, Tergaonkar V. Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling in Health and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:414-429. [PMID: 27068135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Noncanonical NF-κB signaling differs from canonical NF-κB signaling by being activated through different cell surface receptors, cytoplasmic adaptors, and NF-κB dimers. Under normal physiological conditions, this noncanonical pathway has been implicated in diverse biological processes, including lymphoid organogenesis, B cell maturation, osteoclast differentiation, and various functions of other immune cells. Recently, dysfunction of this pathway has also been causally associated with numerous immune-mediated pathologies and human malignancies. Here, we summarize the core elements as well as the recently identified novel regulators of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway. The involvement of this pathway in different pathologies and the potential therapeutic options that are currently envisaged are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Cildir
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Kee Chung Low
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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De Silva NS, Silva K, Anderson MM, Bhagat G, Klein U. Impairment of Mature B Cell Maintenance upon Combined Deletion of the Alternative NF-κB Transcription Factors RELB and NF-κB2 in B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2591-601. [PMID: 26851215 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BAFF is critical for the survival and maturation of mature B cells. BAFF, via BAFFR, activates multiple signaling pathways in B cells, including the alternative NF-κB pathway. The transcription factors RELB and NF-κB2 (p100/p52) are the downstream mediators of the alternative pathway; however, the B cell-intrinsic functions of these NF-κB subunits have not been studied in vivo using conditional alleles, either individually or in combination. We in this study report that B cell-specific deletion of relb led to only a slight decrease in the fraction of mature splenic B cells, whereas deletion of nfkb2 caused a marked reduction. This phenotype was further exacerbated upon combined deletion of relb and nfkb2 and most dramatically affected the maintenance of marginal zone B cells. BAFF stimulation, in contrast to CD40 activation, was unable to rescue relb/nfkb2-deleted B cells in vitro. RNA-sequencing analysis of BAFF-stimulated nfkb2-deleted versus normal B cells suggests that the alternative NF-κB pathway, in addition to its critical role in BAFF-mediated cell survival, may control the expression of genes involved in the positioning of B cells within the lymphoid microenvironment and in the establishment of T cell-B cell interactions. Thus, by ablating the downstream transcription factors of the alternative NF-κB pathway specifically in B cells, we identify in this study a critical role for the combined activity of the RELB and NF-κB2 subunits in B cell homeostasis that cannot be compensated for by the canonical NF-κB pathway under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilushi S De Silva
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Kathryn Silva
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Michael M Anderson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ulf Klein
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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Levit-Zerdoun E, Becker M, Pohlmeyer R, Wilhelm I, Maity PC, Rajewsky K, Reth M, Hobeika E. Survival of Igα-Deficient Mature B Cells Requires BAFF-R Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2348-60. [PMID: 26843325 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression of a functional BCR is essential for the development of mature B cells and has been invoked in the control of their maintenance. To test this maintenance function in a new experimental setting, we used the tamoxifen-inducible mb1-CreER(T2) mouse strain to delete or truncate either the mb-1 gene encoding the BCR signaling subunit Igα or the VDJ segment of the IgH (H chain [HC]). In this system, Cre-mediated deletion of the mb-1 gene is accompanied by expression of a GFP reporter. We found that, although the Igα-deficient mature B cells survive for >20 d in vivo, the HC-deficient or Igα tail-truncated B cell population is short-lived, with the HC-deficient cells displaying signs of an unfolded protein response. We also show that Igα-deficient B cells still respond to the prosurvival factor BAFF in culture and require BAFF-R signaling for their in vivo maintenance. These results suggest that, under certain conditions, the loss of the BCR can be tolerated by mature B cells for some time, whereas HC-deficient B cells, potentially generated by aberrant somatic mutations in the germinal center, are rapidly eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Levit-Zerdoun
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Becker
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Pohlmeyer
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Wilhelm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Palash Chandra Maity
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Michael Reth
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Polverino F, Cosio BG, Pons J, Laucho-Contreras M, Tejera P, Iglesias A, Rios A, Jahn A, Sauleda J, Divo M, Pinto-Plata V, Sholl L, Rosas IO, Agustí A, Celli BR, Owen CA. B Cell-Activating Factor. An Orchestrator of Lymphoid Follicles in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:695-705. [PMID: 26073875 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201501-0107oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased pulmonary lymphoid follicle (LF) counts. B cell-activating factor of tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) regulates B cells in health, but its role in COPD pathogenesis is unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine whether BAFF expression in pulmonary LFs correlates with COPD severity, LF size or number, and/or readouts of B-cell function in LFs. METHODS We correlated BAFF immunostaining in LFs in lung explants or biopsies from nonsmoking control subjects (NSC), smokers without COPD (SC), and patients with COPD with the number and size of LFs, and LF B-cell apoptosis, activation, and proliferation. We analyzed serum BAFF levels and BAFF expression in B cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the same subject groups. We assessed whether: (1) cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increases B-cell BAFF expression and (2) recombinant BAFF (rBAFF) rescues B cells from CSE-induced apoptosis by inhibiting activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage IV COPD had increased numbers and larger pulmonary LFs than patients with GOLD stages I-II COPD and SC. We identified two main types of pulmonary LFs: (1) type A, the predominant type in GOLD stages I-II COPD and SC, characterized by abundant apoptotic but few BAFF-positive cells (mostly B cells); and (2) type B, the main type in GOLD stage IV COPD, characterized by abundant BAFF-positive cells but few apoptotic cells (mostly B cells). BAFF levels were also higher in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage B cells in patients with COPD versus NSC and SC. Surprisingly, rBAFF blocked CSE-induced B-cell apoptosis by inhibiting CSE-induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that B-cell BAFF expression creates a self-perpetuating loop contributing to COPD progression by promoting pulmonary B-cell survival and LF expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,3 University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Borja G Cosio
- 4 Research Unit, FISIB, IdISPa, and.,5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Son Espases, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaime Pons
- 4 Research Unit, FISIB, IdISPa, and.,6 Immunology Department, Hospital Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Paula Tejera
- 7 Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | | | - Jaume Sauleda
- 4 Research Unit, FISIB, IdISPa, and.,5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Son Espases, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Divo
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Victor Pinto-Plata
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lynette Sholl
- 8 Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Alvar Agustí
- 5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Son Espases, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Mallorca, Spain.,9 Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and CIBERES, FISIB, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bartolome R Celli
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Caroline A Owen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Affandi JS, Montgomery J, Brunt SJ, Nolan D, Price P. The immunological footprint of CMV in HIV-1 patients stable on long-term ART. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:14. [PMID: 26435726 PMCID: PMC4591633 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Most HIV-infected persons are cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive and retain latent virus that can be reactivated by immune activation. Their T cell populations express markers reflecting a late stage of differentiation, but the contributions of HIV and CMV to this profile are unclear. We investigated the immunological “footprint” of CMV in HIV patients who had a history of extreme immunodeficiency but were now stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results Twenty CMV seropositive HIV patients >50 years old with nadir CD4 T-cell counts <200 cells/μl were studied after >12 years on ART. 16 CMV seropositive and 9 CMV seronegative healthy controls were included. CMV antibody titres were higher in HIV patients than controls (P < 0.001-0.003). Levels of soluble B-cell activating factor (sBAFF) were elevated in patients (P = 0.002) and correlated with levels of CMV antibodies (P = 0.03-0.002), with no clear relationship in controls. CD8 T-cell IFNγ responses to the IE1 peptide (VLE) remained elevated in HIV patients (P = 0.005). The CD57+CD45RA+CD27− phenotype of CD8 T-cells correlated with age (r = 0.60, P = 0.006), antibodies against CMV IE1 protein (r = 0.44, P = 0.06) and CD4 T-cell IFNγ response to CMV lysate (r = 0.45, P = 0.05). Conclusions Humoral and T-cell responses to CMV remained elevated in HIV patients after >12 years on ART. Age and presence of CMV disease influenced CD8 T-cell phenotypes. Elevated levels of sBAFF may be a consequence of HIV disease and contribute to high titres of CMV antibody. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-015-0041-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquita S Affandi
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA Australia ; School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Bentley, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Jacinta Montgomery
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Samantha J Brunt
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - David Nolan
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Bentley, Perth, WA Australia
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Jacob CO, Yu N, Sindhava V, Cancro MP, Pawar RD, Putterman C, Stohl W. Differential Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in NZM 2328 Mice Deficient in Discrete Pairs of BAFF Receptors. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2523-35. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaim O. Jacob
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
| | - Ning Yu
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | | | - William Stohl
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
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Sun Y, Sun L. CsBAFF, a Teleost B Cell Activating Factor, Promotes Pathogen-Induced Innate Immunity and Vaccine-Induced Adaptive Immunity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136015. [PMID: 26295165 PMCID: PMC4546598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family that is known to play an important role in B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in mammals. However, studies of BAFF in teleosts are very limited and its function, in particular that under in vivo conditions, is essentially unknown. In this study, we conducted in vivo as well as in vitro functional analyses of a BAFF homologue (CsBAFF) from the teleost fish tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). CsBAFF is composed of 261 residues and shares moderate sequence identities with known BAFFs of other teleosts. CsBAFF expression was most abundant in immune organs and was upregulated during bacterial infection. Purified recombinant CsBAFF (rCsBAFF) bound to tongue sole lymphocytes and promoted cellular proliferation and survival. The results of an in vivo study showed that CsBAFF overexpression in tongue sole significantly enhanced macrophage activation and reduced bacterial infection in fish tissues, whereas knockdown of CsBAFF expression resulted in increased bacterial dissemination and colonization in fish tissues. Furthermore, vaccination studies showed that CsBAFF enhanced the immunoprotection of a DNA vaccine and augmented the production of specific serum antibodies. Taken together, these results provide the first in vivo evidence to indicate that teleost BAFF is an immunostimulator that significantly contributes to the innate antibacterial immune response and vaccine-induced adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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