1
|
Hussain D, Sharma S. Flood exposure and childhood malnutrition in India using composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 276:121527. [PMID: 40185268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/31/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025]
Abstract
The flood exposure in India exacerbates childhood malnutrition, particularly in the vulnerable regions of India. Presently, India is facing a dual burden of natural disasters and malnutrition, especially in the vulnerable regions that are exposed to floods. Many studies have been focused on micro-level or regional-level analyses. The present study is uniquely examining the association between flood exposure and malnutrition at a national scale. The study investigated the impacts of flood exposure on childhood malnutrition, using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) to assess stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under five years age group. The present study is based on the analyses of data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-2021) and Central Water Commission (CWC) reports. The data were analyzed across flood-affected regions in India and categorized by the frequency of flood events (i.e., non-flooded; 1-2 times flooded; and three times flooded events). The analysis reveals a significant increase in malnutrition rates with higher flood exposure in regions experiencing three flood events, 38 percent of children were stunted, 20 percent were wasted, and 35.7 percent were underweight as compared to non-flooded areas. Factors such as low birth weight, maternal education, sanitation facilities, and household infrastructure intensified malnutrition outcomes. The major findings of the study suggested that repeated flooding events aggravate food insecurity and increase vulnerability to child malnutrition. This study not only highlights the compounded effects of flood exposure and socio-economic disparities on CIAF malnutrition but also offers policy-relevant insights. The results of the study highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, including developing disaster-resilient infrastructure, educational programs for mothers, and enhanced access to sanitation and healthcare in flood-affected regions in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilwar Hussain
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fakhri Y, Pilevar Z, Limam I, Esfandiari Z, Zare A, Khodadoust B. The Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fish: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis and Dietary Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2025; 203:2796-2810. [PMID: 39134773 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024]
Abstract
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most consumed fish in the world and can be exposed to various forms of pollution, such as potential toxic elements (PTEs). Several studies have been conducted on the concentration of PTEs in common carp fish. The aims of the current study were to meta-analyze the concentration of PTEs in common carp fish and estimate human health risks in consumers. A search was conducted in international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Embase to retrieve papers up to January 20, 2024. The non-carcinogenic risk due to PTEs in fish fillets was calculated via the target hazard quotient (THQ), and the carcinogenic risk due to iAs in fish fillets was calculated via cancer risk (CR). The highest concentrations of Cu, methyl-Hg, and Ni were observed in the fillets of common carp fish. The non-carcinogenic risk was lower than 1 in all countries; hence, consuming common carp fish does not pose a non-carcinogenic risk. Adult consumers in Iraq were exposed to an unacceptable carcinogenic due to iAs in common carp fish. Hence, it is recommended that plans be conducted to reduce the concentration of PTEs in common carp fish in Iraq.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Zahra Pilevar
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Intissar Limam
- Laboratory of Materials, Treatment, and Analysis, National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis, Biotechpole Sidi-Thabet; and High School for Science and Health Techniques of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zahra Esfandiari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zare
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Behnam Khodadoust
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elbagory M, Moghanm FS, Mohamed I, El-Nahrawy S, Omara AED, Goala M, Kumar P, Mioč B, Andabaka Ž, Širić I. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Element Uptake by Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera) in Floating Lake Gardens. TOXICS 2025; 13:306. [PMID: 40278622 PMCID: PMC12031064 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2025] [Revised: 03/29/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
The present study investigated the uptake and health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) cultivated in floating lake gardens of Dal Lake, Srinagar, India. Rapid urbanization and anthropogenic activities have led to PTE contamination in the lake, raising concerns about food safety and ecological sustainability. The objectives were to evaluate the physicochemical properties of water and sediment and to quantify PTEs (Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) accumulation in different tissues of N. nucifera with associated health risks. A systematic sampling approach was adopted across four zones of the lake, collecting water, sediment, and plant tissues (August to October 2024). The results showed significant PTE contamination, with sediment showing high concentrations of Fe (1610.51 mg/kg), Mn (31.48 mg/kg), and Cr (29.72 mg/kg). Bioaccumulation factors indicated preferential PTE accumulation in roots, with Fe exhibiting the highest uptake (95.11). Translocation factors were low for most PTEs, suggesting limited mobility to edible parts. Health risk assessment indicated that Cr posed the highest non-carcinogenic risk (HRI = 1.8000 in rhizomes). The cumulative target hazard quotient (THQ) remained below 1, suggesting no immediate risk, but long-term exposure warrants concern. The study provided valuable information on the necessity of continuous monitoring and pollution mitigation strategies to ensure the food safety of floating lake garden-derived crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohssen Elbagory
- Health Specialties, Basic Sciences and Applications Unit, Applied College, King Khalid University, Mohayil Asir Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farahat S. Moghanm
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
| | - Sahar El-Nahrawy
- Soil Microbiology Research Department, Soils, Water, and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12112, Egypt; (S.E.-N.); (A.E.-D.O.)
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Soil Microbiology Research Department, Soils, Water, and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12112, Egypt; (S.E.-N.); (A.E.-D.O.)
| | - Madhumita Goala
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- School of Environmental Studies, Maa Shakumbhari University, Punwarka, Saharanpur 247120, India
- Research and Development Division, Society for AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Boro Mioč
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.M.)
| | - Željko Andabaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.M.)
| | - Ivan Širić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rind KH, Aslam S, Memon NH, Raza A, Saeed MQ, Mushtaq A, Ujan JA, Habib SF, Al-Rejaie SS, Mohany M. Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water, Sediment, and Fish Species in Chashma Barrage, Indus River: A Comprehensive Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2025; 203:2226-2239. [PMID: 38956009 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The increasing levels of heavy metals in aquatic environments, driven by human activities, pose a critical threat to ecosystems' overall health and sustainability. This study investigates the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) in water, sediment, and three fish species (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala) of different feeding zones within Chashma Barrage, located in the Mianwali district of Punjab, Pakistan, on the Indus River. A comprehensive analysis, including an assessment of associated human health risks, was conducted. Thirty samples from all three sites for each fish species, with an average body weight of 160 ± 32 g, were collected from Chashma Barrage. Water quality parameters indicated suitability for fish growth and health. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Results indicated elevated levels of Cd, Cr, and Cu in sediment and Pb and Cd in water, surpassing WHO standard limits. Among the fish species, bottom feeder (C. mrigala) exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher heavy metal levels in its tissues (gills, liver, and muscle) compared to column feeder (L. rohita) and surface feeder (C. catla). Liver tissues across all species showed higher heavy metal bioaccumulation, followed by gills. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed strong correlations among heavy metals in sediment, gills, muscle, and water in every fish species. However, the vector direction suggests that Cr was not correlated with other heavy metals in the system, indicating a different source. The human health risk analysis revealed lower EDI, THQ, and HI values (< 1) for the fish species, indicating no adverse health effects for the exposed population. The study emphasizes the bioaccumulation differences among fish species, underscoring the higher heavy metal concentrations in bottom feeder fish within Chashma Barrage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hussain Rind
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, 67450, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Aslam
- Department of Zoology, Government Girls Postgraduate College Kohat, Kohat, 26030, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nazakat Hussain Memon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, 77150, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Asif Raza
- Government Degree College Nasirabad, Qambar Shahdadkot District, 770020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qamar Saeed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Punjab, 60800, Multan , Pakistan
| | - Alia Mushtaq
- Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ahmed Ujan
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University, KhairpurKhairpur, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Syed Fahad Habib
- Department of Zoology, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 27200, Karak, Pakistan.
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rind KH, Arshad M, Majeed S, Habib SS, Al-Rejaie SS, Mohany M, Aragona F, Fazio F. Impact of heavy metals on health and quality of Oreochromis niloticus cultured in biofloc and earthen pond systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2025; 60:129-137. [PMID: 40013663 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2025.2468065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in aquaculture threatens fish health and consumer safety, with bioaccumulation differing between farming systems. The study compares heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu) contamination in fish feed, water and organs (muscle, gills and liver) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from biofloc and pond farming systems. Samples were collected from ten biofloc tanks and ten earthen ponds, with heavy metals quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metal levels in fish feed were below permissible limits, while pond water showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) contamination than biofloc water. Pond-reared tilapia exhibited higher heavy metal accumulation in muscles, gills and liver compared to biofloc-reared fish. The liver showed the highest bioaccumulation, followed by gills, in both systems. Cd levels exceeded standard limits in the liver and gills of pond-reared fish. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis revealed strong correlations between heavy metals in gills, water and liver, while muscles and feed formed a separate cluster. Pb, Cd and Cu were closely associated, suggesting a common contamination source. The health index (HI) for muscle was <1 in both systems, indicating safety for consumption. Overall, biofloc-reared tilapia was found safer for human consumption compared to pond-reared fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hussain Rind
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Madeeha Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saima Majeed
- Department of Maritime Sciences, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fakhri Y, Limam I, Kamali M, Zare A, Ranaei V, Mohamadi S, Khaneghah AM. A systematic review of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in river sediments from China: evaluation of associated non-dietary health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2025; 197:269. [PMID: 39934524 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-025-13690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni) in river sediments across China. Additionally, it performed a non-dietary risk assessment for the exposed population. We searched international databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (for gray literature), covering the period from January 1, 2010, to February 30, 2023. Ultimately, we included 136 papers comprising 190 studies or data reports. Our findings revealed that the highest Arsenic concentrations were found in the Mawei River, Xiangjiang River, and Fuyang River sediments. The highest Lead concentrations were detected in the North River sediment, and the Yangtze, Xiangjiang, and North Rivers showed the most significant Cadmium levels. The rank order of PTEs based on the percentage of significant non-carcinogenic risk (toxicity hazard quotient, THQ > 1) in adults was as follows: arsenic (87%) > lead (29%) > cadmium (24%) > mercury (18%) > nickel (4%). In adolescents, the ranking was as follows: arsenic (95%) > lead (84%) > cadmium (62%) > mercury (28%) > nickel (18%). Our findings indicate that the non-carcinogenic risk in most of the studied locations in China is unacceptably high due to arsenic, lead, and cadmium (THQ > 1). Furthermore, the carcinogenic risk of arsenic in the majority of the studied areas (99%) was also deemed unacceptable (cancer risk > 1E-6). As such, the pollution from toxic elements in the sediments of China's rivers requires urgent attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Intissar Limam
- Laboratory of Materials, Treatment, and Analysis, National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis, Biotechpole Sidi-Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- High School for Science and Health Techniques of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marzieh Kamali
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Zare
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Vahid Ranaei
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sara Mohamadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-Kord University, Shahre-Kord, Iran.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hui X, Li A, Chang S, Wang A, Wang L, Li C. Concentrations and human health risks attributed to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water resources in China: Systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 291:117801. [PMID: 39923571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) increases carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in the exposed population. The current study was conducted with the aims of meta-analysis concentrations of PTEs including Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) in the water resources and human health risk assessment for adult males and female consumers in China. Search was performed in international databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar (gery literature) from January 1, 2005 to April 1, 2024. The concentration of PTEs was meta-analyzed using random effects model in water resources (surface water and groundwater) and location of study (urban and rural locations) subgroups. Human health risk assessment due to PTEs in water from ingestion and dermal contact pathways was estimated using target hazard quintet (THQ) and carcinogenic (CR) in adult males and female consumers in China. One hundred and twenty-six papers with 237 data-reports (n = 13,083) were included in this study. The rank order of PTEs based on pooled concentration was As (12.6530 µg/l) > Cu (11.1810 µg/l)> Ni (2.4950 µg/l) > Pb (2.0660 µg/l) > Cd (0.5370 µg/l) > Hg (0.3600 µg/l). The rank order of PTEs based on percentage studies higher than standard limits was As (28.37 %) > Pb (16.67 %) > Hg (11.86 %) > Ni (9.91 %) > Cd (7.48 %) > Cu (2.38 %). The pooled concentration of Pb, Ni, Hg and Cu in surface water resources was higher than groundwater but concentration of As and Cd in groundwater water was higher than surface water. The rank order of PTEs based on percentage studies with the high non-carcinogenic risk (THQ ≥ 1) for male was As (30.49 %) > Cd (8.09 %)> Hg (6.90 %) > Ni (3.60 %)> Cu (3.39 %) > Pb (2.50 %) and for female, As (29.78 %) > Cd (8.09 %)> Hg (6.90 %) > Cu (3.39 %) > Ni (2.70 %)> Pb (1.25 %). The rank order of PTEs based on percentage studies with high carcinogenic risk (TCR ≥ 1E-4) for male was As (60.28 %) > Cd (33.33 %) and for female, As (56.73 %) > Cd (29.93 %). Therefore, to reduce the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs especially As, continuous monitoring and control release of As into water resources through novel approaches is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Hui
- Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanxi, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anhui Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Water Conservancy Development Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fakhri Y, Ranaei V, Pilevar Z, Moradi M, Mahmoudizeh A, Hemmati F, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The prevalence and concentration of aflatoxins in beers: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2025; 35:521-539. [PMID: 38842007 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2362816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins have been identified as considerable contaminants in beer. The current investigation's concentration and prevalence of aflatoxins (AFs) in beer were meta-analyzed. The health risk of consumers was estimated through MOEs in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model. The rank order of AFs in beer based on pooled prevalence was AFB1 (26.00%) > AFG1 (14.93%) > AFB2 (7.69%) > AFG2 (7.52%), In addition, the rank order of AFs in beer based on their pooled concentration was AFG1 (0.505 µg/l) > AFB1 (0.469 µg/l) > AFB2 (0.134 µg/l) > AFG2 (0.071 µg/l). The prevalence and concentration of AFs in beer in Malawi were higher than in other countries. The health risk assessment shows consumers in all countries, especially Malawi, Brazil, and Cameroon, are exposed to unacceptably health risks (MOEs <10,000). It is recommended to monitor levels of AFs in beer efficiently and implement control plans in order to decrease health risk of exposed population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Vahid Ranaei
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Pilevar
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Moradi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hemmati
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan R, Akhi SZ, Khan MHR, Sultana S, Aldawood S, Basir MS, Parvez MS, Naher K, Habib MA, Idris AM, Roy DK. Comparison of environmental radioactivity in road dust between a city and a megacity: geo-environmental evaluation, health risks, and potential remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2025; 44:344-362. [PMID: 39919233 DOI: 10.1093/etojnl/vgae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
This pioneering study represents a comprehensive comparative analysis of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs: 226Ra (≈238U),232Th, 40K) on the roadside dust samples collected from a coastal city (Khulna) and a highly urban megacity (Dhaka), Bangladesh. The corresponding radioactivity was calculated based on Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of elemental abundances (uranium [U], thorium [Th], and potassium [K]). Averagen=30 radioactivity levels of 226Ra (≈238U), 232Th, and 40K in the road dust of Khulna city were 46.82 ± 24, 74.79 ± 25, and 541.14 ± 160.8, whereas in Dhaka city, they were 84.4 ± 13, 126 ± 11, and 549 ± 48 (Bq.kg-1), respectively. Khulna city had 1.3, 2.5, and 1.4 times greater 226Ra (≈238U), 232Th, and 40K radioactivity than the global average values, respectively. For Dhaka city, the following values were 2.42, 4.2, and 1.4 times elevated. The levels of radioactivity in Dhaka city are significantly higher than those in Khulna city; however, both cities have exceeded the world average values. The mechanisms for the enrichment and dispersion of NORMs from their fundamental source (surface soil) were studied, considering waterlogging, relative solubility-controlled leaching and translocation, climate conditions, and aerodynamic fractionations (dry and wet air deposition). The computation of standard radiological indices indicates risks to human health. Respiratory harm can be inflicted by α-particles originating from the radioactive decay products of 232Th and 238U. In addition to public awareness, policymakers should prioritize limiting the evolution of dust particles to mitigate the associated health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
| | - Sayma Zahan Akhi
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sadiya Sultana
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
- Physics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Saad Aldawood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Samium Basir
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kamrun Naher
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahosan Habib
- Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha-62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha-62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhiman Kumer Roy
- Department of Geology and Mining, University of Barishal, Barishal-8254, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang T, Imran. Mitigating cadmium contamination in soil using Biochar, sulfur-modified Biochar, and other organic amendments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2025; 27:874-887. [PMID: 39865581 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2025.2454515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
Biochar is a novel approach to remediating heavy metal-contaminated soil. Using various organic amendments like phyllosilicate-minerals (PSM), compost, biochar (BC) and sulfur-modified biochar (SMB), demonstrates superior adsorption capacity and stability compared to unmodified biochar (BC). The adsorption mechanisms of SMB are identified for its potential to increase soil-pH and reduce available cadmium (Cd). The study reveals the potential of BC and SMB in immobilizing Cd in contaminated soil. SMB demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity for Cd, followed by BC, PSM, and compost, with capacities ranging from 7.47 to 17.67 mg g-1. Both BC and SMB exhibit high adsorption capacities (12.82 and 17.67 mg g-1, respectively) and low desorption percentages (4.46-6.23%) at ion strengths of 0.01 to 0.1 mol-L-1 and pH levels ranging from 5 to 7. SMB showed a higher adsorption capacity (17.67 mg g-1) and lower desorption percentage (4.46-6.23%) compared to BC. The adsorption mechanism involves surface-precipitation, ion exchange, and the formation of Cd(OH)2 and CdCO3 precipitates, as well as interactions between Cd and organic sulfur, leading to more stable-Cd and CdHS+ compounds. Adding 1% SMB increased soil pH and significantly reduced available Cd, demonstrating its potential for pollutant remediation. The study underscores the promise of SMB in providing a sustainable solution for Cd-contaminated soil remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Huang
- Research Center of Rural Environmental Protection and Green Low-carbon Development, Mianyang Teachers College, Sichuan, China
| | - Imran
- College of Engineering, Agriculture Aviation Innovation Lab, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Extension Wing, Govt of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fakhri Y, Esfandiari Z, Mehri F, Ranaei V, Pilevar Z. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in honey: Global systematic review and meta-analysis and risk assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2025; 35:37-55. [PMID: 38627944 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2341425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
The papers were searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Embase, Science Direct until 21 September 2023 and meta-analysis of concentration of PTEs in honey was performed using random effects model based on country subgroups. The non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk were calculated by Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Cancer Risk (CR), respectively. The sort of PTEs in honey based on pooled concentration was Cu (1.10E + 02 µg/kg) > Ni (1.80E + 01 µg/kg) > Pb (2.60E + 00 µg/kg) > Hg (1.50E + 00 µg/kg) > Cd (5.10E-01 µg/kg) > As (4.80E-01 µg/kg). The concentration of PTEs in the countries of Ethiopia (As), Jordan (Cd and Pb), Thailand (Ni), Brazil (Cu and MeHg) was observed to be higher than other countries. The non-carcinogenic risk was less than 1, hence, the consumption of honey does not have non-carcinogenic risk. Except children in Nigeria, CR due to iAs in honey was acceptable for the both adults and children in the other countries, Therefore, the consumption of honey does not have carcinogenic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Esfandiari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Vahid Ranaei
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Pilevar
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Santhi JJ, Guru A, Shaik MR, Hussain SA, Issac PK. Understanding the effects of perfluorobutane sulfonate in zebrafish larvae model (Danio rerio): Insights into potential ecotoxicological risks and human health. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2025; 287:110069. [PMID: 39510332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is a synthetic organic molecule that belongs to the per and polyfluoroalkyl substances family. Due to its unique physicochemical characteristics, PFBS has been extensively used in consumer products and industries. However, its increasing usage and chemical stability cause environmental pollution and bioaccumulation. The toxicological effects of PFBS were not well studied. In this study, the impact of PFBS on zebrafish embryos was evaluated. PFBS (1000-1500 μM) exposure exhibited increased mortality and malformation in a concentration-dependent manner. After 96 hour post-fertilization of PFBS exposure, the LC50 was estimated to be 1378 μM. Furthermore, PFBS (1.4, 14, 140, 1400 μM) exposure significantly increases oxidative stress by suppressing antioxidant levels. Locomotor behavior analysis revealed that PFBS exposure caused locomotor changes in zebrafish larvae. Acetylcholine esterase activity was also reduced in the PFBS-exposed groups. Gene expression study showed that PFBS exposure downregulated the antioxidant gene expression in zebrafish larvae. Overall, the current study reveals that PFBS can trigger oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by reducing antioxidant activity in zebrafish larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenila John Santhi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box - 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Egbueri JC, Agbasi JC, ElKashouty M, Khan MYA, Abba SI, Khan N. An integrated computational and graphical approach for evaluating the geochemistry and health risks of nitrate-contaminated water for six age groups. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024; 43:82-115. [PMID: 39711148 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2436804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination in drinking water poses significant health risks, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas of developing countries. This study presents an integrated computational and graphical approach to evaluate the geochemistry and health risks of nitrate-contaminated water for six age groups in Southeast, Nigeria. The research employed a detailed methodology combining water nutrient pollution index (WNPI), nitrate pollution index (NPI), water pollution index (WPI), geochemical plotting techniques, stoichiometry, and health risk computations. Water samples from several locations were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and nitrate concentrations. Results revealed predominantly acidic conditions and varying levels of nitrate contamination. Geochemical analysis indicated that silicate weathering and ion exchange processes were the primary influences on water chemistry. The WPI identified 14.29% of samples as "extremely polluted" (WPI > 1), while the WNPI classified 7.14% of samples as "moderately polluted" (WNPI > 1). However, the NPI categorized the samples as safe, indicating low nitrate inputs from anthropogenic sources. Health risk assessments indicated low-moderate risks, with the highest total hazard index of 0.839 for the 6-12 months age group; thus, higher vulnerability for infants. Oral exposure was found to be the dominant pathway, contributing over 99.90% to the total risk. This research provides crucial insights for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to water quality and public health protection. The integrated approach offers a robust framework for water resource management and interventions in risk-prone areas. Future research should focus on expanding the spatial coverage, incorporating sensitivity analyses, and exploring advanced technologies for real-time monitoring and predictive modeling of water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
- Research Management Office (RMO), Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - Johnson C Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
| | - Mohamed ElKashouty
- Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Yawar Ali Khan
- Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sani I Abba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- Water Research Centre, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazia Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Z, Huang W, McKenzie JE, Yu P, Ju K, Wu Y, Wen B, Guo Y, Li S. Mortality and morbidity risks associated with floods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120263. [PMID: 39481788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flood disasters are projected to increase in severity, duration, and frequency in the context of climate change, and the risks of mortality and morbidity may increase after floods, which will overwhelm health systems. OBJECTIVE This study aims to synthesize current epidemiological evidence about the impacts of floods on mortality and morbidity. METHOD After performing a systematic literature search from 2000 to 2023, we included studies involving human participants, with exposures of floods, and with outcomes of mortality or morbidity. RESULTS In total, 37 studies were included in evidence syntheses. Meta-analyses yielded an overall relative risk of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10, 1.46), 1.10 (1.08, 1.13), 1.11 (1.04, 1.20), and 1.38 (1.18, 1.62) for all-cause mortality and morbidities of overall gastrointestinal diseases, diarrhea diseases, and dysentery, respectively. Although meta-analyses were not conducted, evidence from at least three studies consistently supported that exposure to floods was associated with increased risks of malaria and respiratory diseases. The evidence for other outcomes was reported but either limited or uncertain. CONCLUSION This study suggests that exposure to floods is associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and morbidities of overall gastrointestinal diseases, diarrhea diseases, dysentery, malaria, and respiratory diseases, while further research is urgently called.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Yang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne E McKenzie
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Ke Ju
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Bo Wen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jia T, Peng Z, Yu J, Piaggio AL, Zhang S, de Kreuk MK. Detecting the interaction between microparticles and biomass in biological wastewater treatment process with Deep Learning method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175813. [PMID: 39191331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the interaction between influent particles and biomass is basic and important for the biological wastewater treatment. The micro-level methods allow for this, such as the microscope image analysis method with the conventional ImageJ processing software. However, these methods are cost and time-consuming, and require a large amount of work on manual parameter tuning. To deal with this problem, we proposed a deep learning (DL) method to automatically detect and quantify microparticles free from biomass and entrapped in biomass from microscope images. Firstly, we introduced a "TU Delft-Interaction between Particles and Biomass" dataset containing labeled microscope images. Then, we built DL models using this dataset with seven state-of-the-art model architectures for a instance segmentation task, such as Mask R-CNN, Cascade Mask R-CNN, Yolact and YOLOv8. The results show that the Cascade Mask R-CNN with ResNet50 backbone achieves promising detection accuracy, with a mAP50box and mAP50mask of 90.6 % on the test set. Then, we benchmarked our results against the conventional ImageJ processing method. The results show that the DL method significantly outperforms the ImageJ processing method in terms of detection accuracy and processing cost. The DL method shows a 13.8 % improvement in micro-average precision, and a 21.7 % improvement in micro-average recall, compared to the ImageJ method. Moreover, the DL method can process 70 images within 1 min, while the ImageJ method costs at least 6 h. The promising performance of our method allows it to offer a potential alternative to examine the interaction between microparticles and biomass in biological wastewater treatment process in an affordable manner. This approach offers more useful insights into the treatment process, enabling further reveal the microparticles transfer in biological treatment systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Jia
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Zhaoxu Peng
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands; Zhengzhou University, School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonella L Piaggio
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Merle K de Kreuk
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ucheana IA, Omeka ME, Ezugwu AL, Agbasi JC, Egbueri JC, Abugu HO, Aralu CC. A targeted review on occurrence, remediation, and risk assessments of bisphenol A in Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:1193. [PMID: 39532752 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a vital raw material used to manufacture various household and commercial goods. However, BPA is a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) and an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) capable of migrating and bio-accumulating in environmental and biological compartments. At threshold levels, they become toxic causing adverse health and environmental issues. BPA's occurrence in food, food contact materials (FCMs), beverages, water, cosmetics, consumer goods, soil, sediments, and human/biological fluids across Africa was outlined. Unlike most reviews, it further collated data on BPA remediation techniques, including the human and ecological risk assessment studies conducted across Africa. A systematic scrutiny of the major indexing databases was employed extracting relevant data for this study. Results reveal that only 10 out of 54 countries have researched BPA in Africa. BPA levels in water were the most investigated, whereas levels in cosmetics and consumer goods were the least studied. Maximum BPA concentrations found in Africa were 3,590,000 ng/g (cosmetic and consumer goods), 154,820,000 ng/g (soils), 189 ng/mL (water), 1139 ng/g (food), and 208.55 ng/mL (biological fluids). The optimum percentage removal/degradation of BPA was within 70-100%. The potential health and ecological risk levels were assessed by comparing them with recommended limits and were found to fall within safe/low risks to unsafe/high risks. In conclusion, this study revealed that there is still little research on BPA in Africa. Levels detected in some matrices call for increased research, stricter health and environmental regulations, and surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Adolphus Ucheana
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Ekuru Omeka
- Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Etagbor, 540271, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Arinze Longinus Ezugwu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Johnson C Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, 431124, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, 431124, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Hillary Onyeka Abugu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, 420007, Anambra State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Muhammad S, Ahmed T, Ullah R, Tokatli C, Ahmad A. Spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination and risk indices of surface sediments in high-altitude lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:1188. [PMID: 39531168 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Lake ecosystems in northern Pakistan are the most critical resources that maintain and regulate water flow for downstream agricultural, domestic, industrial, and ecological processes. One consequence of these processes is that ecosystems deposit heavy metals (HMs), where lake stagnant conditions result in high vulnerability of water resources. For this purpose, the present study examined HMs such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in high-altitude lakes (HAL) sediments of Mansehra district, northern Pakistan. Sediment samples were collected from the five HAL. This study used HM concentrations in lake sediments for the pollution factors such as contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI), sediment pollution index (SPI), ecological risk assessment (ERA), and risk index (RI). Among HMs, Fe showed the uppermost levels of 1410 mg/kg in lake sediment, while Cd with lowermost levels of 1.05 mg/kg. Results revealed that most HM concentrations in HAL sediments were within the threshold of sediments quality guidelines (SQGs), except for Cd. Among lakes, the sediments of Siri Lake showed higher contamination of HMs than others. Siri Lake sediments also showed higher Cf, PLI, ERA, and RI values than others. The majority of HMs in HAL sediments showed no contamination, except for Cd (considerable) and Pb (moderate) levels to the exposed aquatic ecosystem. This study revealed that 95% of sediment samples in HAL were noted low to medium-level risks to the exposed aquatic communities. Statistical and geospatial analyses revealed that geogenic sources of contamination are a significant contributor to HM contamination of HAL sediments compared to others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Tauseef Ahmed
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstra, 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cem Tokatli
- Department of Laboratory Technology, İpsala Vocational School, Evrenos Gazi Campus, Trakya University, İpsala, Edirne, 22030, Turkey
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box, 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Y, Zhao X. Dynamic pollution management strategies and coordination in aquatic product supply chain under eco-compensation: Perspective of extreme weather crisis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122917. [PMID: 39423613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
The ecological compensation mechanism emerges as a solution to reduce pollution for aquatic product supply chain. To comprehend the dynamic pollution management strategies and coordination under the ecological compensation mechanism, this study develops a stochastic differential game between farmers and firms from the perspective of extreme weather crisis. The subjects' optimal decisions are explored in three cases including cooperative case, noncooperative case, and land transfer-cost sharing contract case. Then we simulate theoretical results and illustrate a case study to demonstrate the applicability of ecological compensation collaboration. The results indicate that the extreme weather crisis changes the evolutionary trend and steady state of pollution accumulation. Moreover, the land transfer-cost sharing contract could realize the Pareto improvement in high-risk environment especially after the crisis. But its coordination relies on the ecological compensation coefficient, which gets larger with the interval of [4.9,6.3] after the crisis, compared to the range of [4,5.4] before the crisis. Notably, the contract and ecological compensation mechanism exhibit a complementary relationship in response to the crisis. The findings could provide new inspirations for aquatic product supply chain to balance production and environmental protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aswal RS, Prasad M, Singh J, Singh H, Shrivastava U, Wadhwa M, Pandey OP, Egbueri JC. Spatial analysis and soft computational modeling for hazard assessment of potential toxic elements in potable groundwater. Sci Rep 2024; 14:25473. [PMID: 39461981 PMCID: PMC11513028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Swiftly increasing population and industrial developments of urban areas has accelerated the worsening of the water quality in recent years. Groundwater samples from different locations of the Doon valley, Garhwal Himalaya were analyzed to measure concentrations of six potential toxic elements (PTEs) viz. chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) with the aim to study the spatial distribution and associated hazards. In addition, machine learning algorithms have been used for prediction of water quality and identification of influencing PTEs. The results inferred that the mean values (in the units of µg L-1) of analyzed PTEs were observed in the order of Mo (1.066) > Ni (0.744) > Pb (0.337) > As (0.186) > Cr (0.180) > Cd (0.026). The levels and computed risks of PTEs were found below the safe limits. The radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) algorithms showed high level of accuracy in the predictions of heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), non-carcinogenic (N-CR) and carcinogenic (CR) parameters with determination coefficient values ranged from 0.912 to 0.976. However, the modified heavy metal pollution index (m-HPI) and contamination index (CI) predictions showed comparatively lower coefficient values as 0.753 and 0.657, respectively. The multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN) demonstrated fluctuation in precision with determination coefficient between 0.167 and 0.954 for the prediction of computed indices (HPI, HEI, CI, m-HPI). In contrast, the proficiency in forecasting of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards for both sub-groups showcased coefficient values ranged from 0.887 to 0.995. As compared to each other, the radial basis function (RBF) model indicated closer alignments between predicted and actual values for pollution indices, while multilayer perceptron (MLP) model portrayed greater precision in prediction of health risk indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Aswal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal, 249 199, India
| | - Mukesh Prasad
- Department of Medical Physics, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248 016, India.
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125 001, India
| | - Hakam Singh
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174 103, India
| | - Utpal Shrivastava
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174 103, India
| | - Manoj Wadhwa
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Om Prakash Pandey
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Li H, Fang W, Wang R, Wang X, Wang X, Zheng G, Zhou L. Persistence evaluation of fecal pollution indicators in dewatered sludge and dewatering filtrate of municipal sewage sludge: The impacts of ambient temperature and conditioning treatments. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 268:122641. [PMID: 39442430 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Sludge resource utilization is one of the important routines for transmitting fecal pollution to water and soil, and sludge dewatering is a crucial step for sludge resource utilization. However, it remains unclear the decay characteristics and persistence of fecal pollution indicators after sludge dewatering. In this study, the persistence of six fecal pollution indicators, namely E. coli (EC), human-specific HF183 Bacteroides (HF183), human adenovirus (HAdV), human JC and BK polyomavirus (JCPyV and BKPyV), and crAssphage, in dewatered sludge cake and dewatering filtrate deriving from raw sewage sludge, as well as three types of sludge conditioned with polyacrylamide (PAM), Fenton's reagent, or Fe[III] and CaO were analyzed. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and viability-qPCR methods were used to analyze the variation in abundances and infectivity of fecal pollution indicators in dewatered sludge cake or dewatering filtrate over the storage time, respectively. Decay predications of fecal pollution indicators over time were modeled using either the first-order or the biphasic decay model. The qPCR results revealed that fecal pollution indicators in dewatered sludge cake persisted longer than those in dewatering filtrate at the same temperature. Increasing temperature can accelerate the decay of fecal pollution indicators in both dewatered sludge cake and dewatering filtrate. Notably, sludge conditioning treatment may prolong the persistence of fecal pollution indicators in both dewatered sludge cake and dewatering filtrate. Viability-qPCR results indicated that the fecal pollution indicators (except HAdV) in dewatered sludge cakes deriving from both raw sewage sludge and conditioned sludges remained infectious for up to 30 days. After a storage period of 40 days, the abundances of fecal pollution indicators (except for EC) in sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent were effectively decreased and meanwhile the infectivity of EC was reduced, exhibiting the lowest levels of fecal pollution. Therefore, both ambient temperature and conditioning treatment greatly impacted the decay characteristics and persistence of fecal pollution indicators in dewatered sludge cake and dewatering filtrate, and selecting suitable conditioning method can minimize environmental risks associated with fecal pollution in sewage sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenhao Fang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanyu Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li C, Li A, Hui X, Wang A, Wang L, Chang S. Concentrations, probabilistic human and ecological risks assessment attribute to antibiotics residues in river water in China: Systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 285:117022. [PMID: 39277999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics residues even low concentrations increases human health risk and ecological risk. The current study was conducted with the aims of meta-analysis concentrations of antibiotics in river water including amoxicillin (AMX), tetracyclines (TCN), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), trimethoprim (TMP), azithromycin (AZM) and amoxicillin (AMX) and estimates human health and ecological risks. Search was performed in databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science direct, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar were used to retrieve scientific papers from January 1, 2004 to June 15, 2024. The concentration of antibiotics residues was meta-analyzed using random effects model in water river water based on type of antibiotics subgroups. Human health risk assessment from ingestion and dermal contact routs was estimated using target hazard quotient (THQ), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), carcinogenic (CR) and ecological hazard quotient (EHQ) of antibiotics in river water was estimated using monte carlo simulations (MCS) model. Sixty-two papers on antibiotics in river water with 272 data-reports (n = 28,522) were included. The rank order of antibiotics residues in river water based on pooled concentration was SMX (66.086 ng/L) > CIP (26.005 ng/L) > TCN (17.888 ng/L) > TMP (6.591 ng/L) > AZM (2.077 ng/L) > AMX (0.029 ng/L). The overall pooled concentration of antibiotics residues in river water was 24.262 ng/L, 95 %CI (23.110-25.413 ng/L). TTHQ for adults and children due to antibiotics in water was 2.41E-3 and 2.36E-3, respectively. The sort of antibiotics based on their quota in TTHQ for adults and children was AMX > CIP > TMP > AZM > TCN > SMX. Total CR in adults and children was 2.41E-03 and 2.36E-03, respectively. The sort of antibiotics based on percentile 95 % EHQ was SMX (7.70E+03) > TCN (7.63E+01) > TMP (7.03E-03) > CIP (2.86E-03) > AMX (5.71E-04) and TEHQ values due to antibiotics in river water in China was equal to 7.78E+03. Current study suggests that conduct effective monitoring and water quality control plans to reduce concentration of antibiotics especially SMX, TCN, and CIP in river water of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Anhui Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Hui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Water Conservancy Development Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khoshmanesh M, Sanati AM, Ramavandi B. Influence of cephalexin on cadmium adsorption onto microplastic particles in water: Human health risk evaluation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37775. [PMID: 39309868 PMCID: PMC11416549 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the impact of environmental factors on the adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and cephalexin (CEX) onto polyethylene (PE) microplastics. The study focused on Cd adsorption behavior on microplastics (MPs) of various sizes, revealing that particles sized 30-63 μm exhibited the highest adsorption capacity compared to other sizes. Cd sorption was significantly influenced by initial pH and salinity levels. Experimental data closely matched both the Langmuir (R2 > 0.91) and Freundlich (R2 > 0.92) isotherms. Cd adsorption onto PE particles was greater than CEX adsorption, with the maximum Cd uptake capacity measured at 1.8 mg/g. FTIR analysis indicated that Cd and CEX adsorption onto MPs was likely governed by physical interactions, as no new functional groups were detected post-uptake. The desorption rates of Cd and CEX from PE microplastics were evaluated in various liquids, including aqueous solution, tap water, seawater, and synthetic gastric juice. The health risks associated with Cd, in combination with MPs and CEX, for both children and adults were assessed in groundwater and aqueous solutions. This study offers scientific insights and guidelines for examining the environmental behavior, migration, and transformation of microplastics and their related ecological risks in scenarios of combined pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madineh Khoshmanesh
- Department of Environmental Science, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sanati
- Department of Environmental Science, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Islam MS, Al Bakky A, Saikat MSM, Antu UB, Akter R, Roy TK, Ismail Z, Ibrahim KA, Idris AM. Toxicity factors, ecological and health risk assessments of heavy metal in the urban soil: a case study of an agro-machinery area in a developing country. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:437. [PMID: 39316128 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of heavy metals in surface soils by the influences of agro-machinery factories is a significant growing concern. Heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique to assess human and ecological risks. The concentrations of Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn in soil ranged from 18,274-22,652, 2.06-4.92, 24.8-41.9, 126.8-137.5, 9.20-25.2, 17.8-46.1, 114.4-183.1, 86.9-118.1, and 101.6-159.6 mg/kg, respectively. The enrichment factor values of heavy metals were greater than 1.5, suggesting severe anthropogenic activities such as untreated waste discharging, burning of metallic wastes, wear, and tear, and dismantling of old batteries for heavy metals enrichment in studied soil. The contamination factor indicates considerable to very high contamination of heavy metals in soil. Moderate to high ecological risk was observed for analyzed metals which mainly originated from the maintenance and repairing of various engines in the workshop and welding and soldering of metallic substances. The target hazard quotient (THQ) was ranged from 6.99E-04 to 2.21E-01 for adults and 5.59E-03 to 1.82E + 00 for children, respectively; indicating children were more sensitive to heavy metals exposure from soil dust. The carcinogenic risk of As (1.72E-05) exceeded the USEPA acceptable limits indicating cancer risk to the residence. The current emphasized the significance of intensive heavy metals monitoring in surface soils around the agro-machinery areas due to their potential health risks associated with children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Bakky
- Agricultural Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Sadik Mahmud Saikat
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Uttam Biswas Antu
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Ruma Akter
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Tusar Kanti Roy
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Zulhilmi Ismail
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Khalid A Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Environment and Tourism Studies and Research, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen D, Li X, Wang Z, Kang C, He T, Liu H, Jiang Z, Xi J, Zhang Y. Systematic assessment of source identification and ecological and probabilistic health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils of a typical coal mining area in Guanzhong region. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36301. [PMID: 39263165 PMCID: PMC11387233 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mining activities may cause the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in surrounding soils, posing ecological threats and health dangers to the local population. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment using multiple indicators was used to quantify the level of risk in the region. The results showed that the mean values of the nine potentially toxic elements in the study area were lower than the background values only for Cr, and the lowest coefficient of variation was 17.1 % for As, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the elements indicate that they are enriched by different factors. The elements Hg and Cd, which have substantial cumulative features, are the key contributors to ecological risk in the study region, which is overall at moderate risk. APCS-MLR model parses out 4 possible sources: mixed industrial, mining and transportation sources (53.98 %), natural sources (24.56 %), atmospheric deposition sources (12.60 %), and agricultural production sources (8.76 %). The probabilistic health risks show that children are more susceptible to health risks than adults; among children, the safety criteria (HI < 1 and CR < 10-4) were surpassed by 29.29 % of THI and 8.58 % of TCR. According to source-orientated health hazards, the element Ni significantly increases the risk of cancer. Mixed sources from industry, mining, and transportation are important sources of health risks. The results of this research provide some scientific references for the management and decrease of regional ecological and health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daokun Chen
- Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survery, Xi'an, 710100, China
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xinbin Li
- Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survery, Xi'an, 710100, China
- Qinling--Loess Plateau Transition Zone Observation and Research Station for Coupling of Soil and Water Elements and Conservation of Biological Resources, China
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survery, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Chengxin Kang
- Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survery, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Tao He
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survery, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Zhiyang Jiang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Junsheng Xi
- Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survery, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survery, Xi'an, 710100, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Okoro HK, Orosun MM, Anuoluwa OF, Ogunkunle CO, Iwuozor KO, Emenike EC. Seasonal variation and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in pharmaceutical effluents around Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:774. [PMID: 39090377 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are widely released into the environment as a result of increased urban and industrial development in recent years. The bulk of PTEs are cancer-causing and harm human health by producing free radicals. As a result, it is crucial to monitor, evaluate, and limit the effects of the elements on human health. In this study, levels of PTEs (As, Cr, Cd, Ni, Co, and Pb) in pharmaceutical effluents discharged along the Asa River around the Ilorin metropolis and their seasonal variations were evaluated. Water samples were collected from eight different locations over a two-season period along the river and analyzed for PTEs using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co had mean PTE values in the effluents (both seasons) of 0.0258, 0.0233, 0.00193, 0.0176, and 0.0164 mg/L, respectively, with As and Pb surpassing the WHO standard. Maximum temperature and pH were measured for the physicochemical parameters in the wet season, whereas electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were seen in the dry season. The average values of the metals in the human risk assessment for carcinogenicity were As > Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co, with As above the recommended threshold in several locations. However, all of the metal hazard indices were < 1, indicating that the waters were suitable for domestic purposes. Nonetheless, the relevant authorities should mandate that pharmaceutical effluents be treated before being released into bodies of water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein K Okoro
- Environmental-Analytical Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Muyiwa M Orosun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Oriade F Anuoluwa
- Environmental-Analytical Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Clement O Ogunkunle
- Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley O Iwuozor
- Environmental-Analytical Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ebuka Chizitere Emenike
- Environmental-Analytical Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dippong T, Resz MA, Tănăselia C, Cadar O. Assessing microbiological and heavy metal pollution in surface waters associated with potential human health risk assessment at fish ingestion exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135187. [PMID: 39003804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Fish represent a significant source of nutrients but also cause negative health effects due to their bioaccumulation capacity for pollutants. The aim of this study was to examine the transfer of metals from the water of several rivers (Somes, Tisa, Sasar, Lapus, Lăpusel) to fish (Caras sp) tissue (subcutaneous fat, muscles, liver, intestines, kidneys, gills, brain, and eyes) and to identify and assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Cooper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Zinc (Zn) through the ingestion of fish (muscles and subcutaneous fat tissues). The obtained results indicated that a diet consisting of fish is particularly vulnerable, particularly in children compared to adults. The risk assessment results were below the threshold limit, although the fish samples contained heavy metals, with values exceeding the permitted limits of Fe (4.41-1604 mg/kg), Cr (727-4155 µg/kg), Zn (4.72-147 mg/kg), and Ni (333-2194 µg/kg). The studied surface waters are characterized by low and high degrees of pollution with heavy metals, as indicated by the heavy metal pollution index scores (HPI: 12.4-86.4) and the heavy metal evaluation index scores (HEI: 1.06-17.6). The considerable pollution levels are attributed to the high Mn content (0.61-49.7 µg/kg), which exceeded the limit up to fifty times. A consistent set of physico-chemical analysis (pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, turbidity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, Ca, Mg, Na, K) was analysed in water samples as well. Considering the water quality index scores (WQI: 16.0-25.2), the surface waters exhibited good quality. Microbiological results indicated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes and atypical colonies of coagulase-positive staphylococcus in fish. In contrast, the surface waters from which fish samples were collected were positive for Escherichia coli, and coliform bacteria intestinal Enterococci. Based on the study's results, it is recommended to exercise caution in the case of children related to the consumption of fish and using the waters for drinking purposes. This study provides important data of considerable novelty to the riparian population, researchers, and even policy makers on the quality status and potential levels of contamination of river waters, fish and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish that may cause adverse effects on human health if consumed, and similarly the heavy metal pollution degree of waters and the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals through ingestion and skin absorption of water in children and adults (the study area is a significant source of fisheries).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dippong
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Science, 76 Victoriei Street, Baia Mare 430122, Romania.
| | - Maria-Alexandra Resz
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Subsidiary Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania
| | - Claudiu Tănăselia
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Subsidiary Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Subsidiary Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Habib SS, Naz S, Saeed MQ, Ujan JA, Masud S, Mushtaq A, Ullah M, Khan K, Zahid M, Al-Rejaie SS, Mohany M. Assessment of heavy metal levels in polyculture fish farms and their aquatic ecosystems: an integrative study addressing environmental and human health risks associated with dam water usage. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:267. [PMID: 38954229 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the levels of heavy metals in polyculture fish (Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio, and Catla catla), water, and sediment in Tanda Dam, Kohat, Pakistan, aiming to understand environmental and health risks. Samples of fish, water, and sediment were collected from 3 fish farms, and heavy metal concentrations were measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results reveal that C. catla exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of Zn than other fish species. Conversely, C. carpio showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, As, and Ni than other species. The heavy metal hierarchy in C. carpio was found to be Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Mn > As > Ni. While heavy metal levels in L. rohita and C. catla generally fell within reference ranges, exceptions were noted for Zn, Pb, and Cd. Conversely, in C. carpio, all metals exceeded reference ranges except for Cu and Ni. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated a close relationship between water and sediment. Additionally, cluster analysis suggested that C. catla formed a distinct cluster from L. rohita and C. carpio, implying different responses to the environment. Despite concerns raised by the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Contamination Factor (CF), particularly for Cd, which exhibited a high CF. Furthermore, Hazard Index (HI) values for all three fish species were below 1, suggesting low health risks. However, elevated Igeo and CF values for Cd suggest significant pollution originating from anthropogenic sources. This study underscores the importance of monitoring heavy metals in water for both environmental preservation and human health protection. Future research efforts should prioritize pollution control measures to ensure ecosystem and public health safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sikandar Habib
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Saira Naz
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Muhammad Qamar Saeed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ahmed Ujan
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Samrah Masud
- Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Alia Mushtaq
- Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jha AK, Kishore P, Chinnadurai S, Verma SK, Kumar R, Sreejith S, Sarika K. Heavy metals and trace minerals in commonly available shark species from North East Arabian Sea: A human health risk perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118979. [PMID: 38685303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Shark is a seafood commodity that is a good source of minerals and accumulates heavy metals and trace elements through biomagnification, which can pose health risk if taken above the permissible limit. A study was conducted on commonly landed eleven shark species (Scoliodon laticaudus, Rhizopriodon oligolinx, Sphyrna lewini (CR), Carcharhinus macloti, Carcharinus limbatus, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides, Carcharhinus sorrah, Carcharinus falciformes(VU), Glaucostegus granulatus, Chiloscyllium arabicum, Loxodon macrorhinus) and analyzed for their heavy metal content, Hazard Index, Total Hazard Quotient, Metal Pollution Index, and also calculated the health risk associated with the consumption. Most of the heavy metals and trace minerals were found to be within the acceptable limit. The Targeted Hazard Quotient (THQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) of all the species except two were less than 1 (HI ≤ 1.0). The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) is showing either no impact or very low contamination. An overall study on hazard identification and health risk characterization in terms of heavy metals shows contamination of some heavy metals in sharks, but there is no potential human health risk associated with consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Jha
- Veraval Research Centre of ICAR-CIFT, Matyabhavan, Bhidia, Veraval, Gujarat, 362269, India.
| | - Pankaj Kishore
- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, ICAR-CIFT, Matsyapuri, Willingdon Island, Cochin, 682029, India
| | | | - Sumit Kumar Verma
- Veraval Research Centre of ICAR-CIFT, Matyabhavan, Bhidia, Veraval, Gujarat, 362269, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- Veraval Regional Station of ICAR-CMFRI, Matyabhavan, Bhidia, Veraval, Gujarat, 362269, India
| | - S Sreejith
- Veraval Research Centre of ICAR-CIFT, Matyabhavan, Bhidia, Veraval, Gujarat, 362269, India
| | - K Sarika
- Veraval Research Centre of ICAR-CIFT, Matyabhavan, Bhidia, Veraval, Gujarat, 362269, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Imran. Lead stabilization and remediation strategy with soil amendment in situ immobilization in contaminated range lands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:2064-2073. [PMID: 38944679 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2372850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
In situ immobilization is a potential approach that can be used to remediate low-to-medium levels of heavy-metal in contaminated-soil. There is little known about how modifications to soil characteristics may affect Pb's release from soil. The four different amendments, triple-superphosphate and attapulgite were combined in Ad-1; zeolite and triple-superphosphate were in Ad-2; hydroxyapatite and humus were in Ad-3; and nano-carbon. These amendments are mostly made of phyllosilicate minerals, humus, base minerals, and nano-carbon, respectively. Results revealed that the test amendments' maximal Pb-adsorption capacity varied from 7.47 to 17.67 mg g-1. Surface precipitation and ion-exchange were found to be the main mechanisms for Pb-adsorption by Ad-1 and Ad-2, while Ad-3 and Ad-4 were promising among the all, according to analysis of the modifications both before and after Pb loading. When the pH dropped (7-1) or the ion-strength rose (0-0.2 M), there was a discernible rise in the Pb-desorption percentages from the amendments. It was determined that Ad-3 and Ad-4 were more effective in situ immobilizing lead in contaminated-soils because of their high adsorption capacities (12.82 and 17.67 mg g-1) and low-desorption percentages (4.46-6.23%) at ion-strengths of 0.01-0.1 mol L-1 and pH levels ranging from 5 to 7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran
- College of Engineering, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Okoro HK, Orosun MM, Umar SA, Muzammil K, Ogunkunle CO, Iwuozor KO, Emenike EC, Islam S, Ngila JC, Zvinowanda C. Human and ecological risk assessments of potentially toxic elements in sediments around a pharmaceutical industry. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31685. [PMID: 38841437 PMCID: PMC11152930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sediment can be highly hazardous to the environment and public health. This study aimed to assess the human and ecological risks of PTEs in sediments around a pharmaceutical industry in Ilorin, Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters and the concentrations of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), and nickel (Ni) were analyzed in sediment samples collected from seven locations in the wet and dry seasons. Standard two-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) and risk assessments were also conducted. The concentrations of Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Cd, and As in the sediments ranged from 0.001 to 0.031 mg/kg, 0-0.005 mg/kg, 0.005-0.012 mg/kg, 0.001-0.014 mg/kg, 0.005-0.024 mg/kg, and 0.001-0.012 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentrations of the total PTEs content were found in decreasing order of concentration: Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr > As > Co. PCA showed that some of the PTEs were highly concentrated in samples obtained at other locations as well as at the discharge point. The Hazard Index was mostly <1 across locations, indicating little to no probable non-cancerous effect. However, the incremental lifetime cancer risk for arsenic and nickel was high and required attention. The ecological risk assessment showed that lead and arsenic were the major PTEs pollutants in all locations. The study identifies PTEs profiles in sediments and emphasises the necessity of continual monitoring and action to stop long-term negative impacts on the local environment and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein K. Okoro
- Environmental-Analytical & Material Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Muyiwa M. Orosun
- Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Salman A. Umar
- Environmental-Analytical & Material Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kingsley O. Iwuozor
- Environmental-Analytical & Material Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ebuka Chizitere Emenike
- Environmental-Analytical & Material Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Saiful Islam
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jane C. Ngila
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caliphs Zvinowanda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ayub H, Ijaz U, Raza A, Zuberi A, Liaqat N, Ujan JA, Habib SS, Batool AI, Ullah M, Khan K, Khayyam K, Mohany M. Ecological patterns of phytoplankton across lake cross-section: insights into co-evolution of physicochemical conditions in Chashma Lake on Indus River. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:613. [PMID: 38871952 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of water influence planktonic diversity and distribution, which is essential in obtaining basic knowledge of aquatic biodiversity. Thus current study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal diversity, abundance ratio, and distribution of phytoplankton species and their association with water quality parameters of Chashma Lake, Pakistan. During the study period from 2018 to 2019, we measured 13 physicochemical parameters across three selected sampling sites (S1, S2, and S3) in Chashma Lake, revealing both spatial and temporal variability. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was higher in S3, while S1 exhibited higher alkalinity levels, carbon dioxide, phosphorus, and chloride levels. The study identified 77 phytoplankton species grouped into five taxonomic categories, with Cyanobacteria dominating (39.90%), followed by Chlorophyta (33.4%) and Bacillariophyta (24.88%). Euglenozoa and Ochrophyta were less abundant (1.3% and 0.41%, respectively). Spatial variations in phytoplankton distribution were noted, with Chlorophyta being more abundant at S2, Bacillariophyta and Cyanobacteria at S1, and Euglenozoa dominating at S3. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed the influence of various physicochemical parameters on phytoplankton distribution. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights for the ecological assessment and monitoring of water bodies. It is recommended that continuous monitoring is required to capture long-term trends, further explore the specific environmental drivers impacting phytoplankton dynamics, and consider management strategies for maintaining water quality and biodiversity in Chashma Lake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huma Ayub
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Umar Ijaz
- College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Asif Raza
- Government Degree College Nasirabad, District- Qambar-Shahdadkot, Qambar, 77020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Fisheries & Aquaculture Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Liaqat
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Javed Ahmed Ujan
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Syed Sikandar Habib
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khayyam Khayyam
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kanwal H, Raza A, Zaheer MS, Nadeem M, Ali HH, Manoharadas S, Rizwan M, Kashif MS, Ahmad U, Ikram K, Riaz MW, Rasool F. Transformation of heavy metals from contaminated water to soil, fodder and animals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11705. [PMID: 38778064 PMCID: PMC11111443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A serious environmental problem that threatens soil quality, agricultural productivity, and food safety is heavy metal pollution in water sources. Heavy metal pollution is the main problem in tehsil Pasrur, Sialkot, Pakistan. Present study was arranged to notice the heavy metals in water, soil, forages and buffalo milk. There are seven sites that were used for this experiment. Highest malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (3.00 ± 0.01) were noticed in barseem roots at site 7. Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) was reached at its peak (1.93 ± 0.01) at site 7 in the fresh barseem. Maximum protein contents (0.36 ± 0.01) were observed in fresh plant samples at site 2. Site 3's buffalo milk samples had the highest Ni content (7.22 ± 0.33 ppm), while Site 3's soil samples had the lowest Cr content (8.89 ± 0.56 ppm), Site 1's plant shoots had the lowest Cr content (27.75 ± 1.98 ppm), and Site 3's water had the highest Cr content (40.07 ± 0.49 ppm). The maximum fat content (5.38 ± 2.32%) was found in the milk of the animals at site 7. The highest density (31.88 ± 6.501%), protein content (3.64 ± 0.33%), lactose content (5.54 ± 0.320%), salt content (0.66 ± 0.1673%), and freezing point (- 0.5814 ± 0.1827 °C) were also observed in the milk from animals at site 7, whereas site 5 displayed the highest water content (0.66 ± 0.1673%) and peak pH value (11.64 ± 0.09). In selected samples, the pollution load index for Ni (which ranged from 0.01 to 1.03 mg/kg) was greater than 1. Site 7 has the highest conductivity value (5.48 ± 0.48). Values for the health risk index varied from 0.000151 to 1.00010 mg/kg, suggesting that eating tainted animal feed may pose health concerns. Significant health concerns arise from metal deposition in the food chain from soil to feed, with nickel having the highest health risk index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Agronomy, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Haider Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, Idaho, USA
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Saleem Kashif
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Ahmad
- Soil Testing Laboratory, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Kamran Ikram
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Fatima Rasool
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abba SI, Yassin MA, Shah SMH, Egbueri JC, Elzain HE, Agbasi JC, Saini G, Usaman J, Khan NA, Aljundi IH. Trace element pollution tracking in the complex multi-aquifer groundwater system of Al-Hassa oasis (Saudi Arabia) using spatial, chemometric and index-based techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118320. [PMID: 38331148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In a global context, trace element pollution assessment in complex multi-aquifer groundwater systems is important, considering the growing concerns about water resource quality and sustainability worldwide. This research addresses multiple objectives by integrating spatial, chemometric, and indexical study approaches, for assessing trace element pollution in the multi-aquifer groundwater system of the Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia. Groundwater sampling and analysis followed standard methods. For this purpose, the research employed internationally recognized protocols for groundwater sampling and analysis, including standardized techniques outlined by regulatory bodies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Average values revealed that Cr (0.041) and Fe (2.312) concentrations surpassed the recommended limits for drinking water quality, posing serious threats to groundwater usability by humans. The trace elemental concentrations were ranked as: Li < Mn < Co < As < Mo < Zn < Al < Ba < Se < V < Ni < Cr < Cu < B < Fe < Sr. Various metal(loid) pollution indices, including degree of contamination, heavy metal evaluation index, heavy metal pollution index, and modified heavy metal index, indicated low levels of groundwater pollution. Similarly, low values of water pollution index and weighted arithmetic water quality index were observed for all groundwater points, signifying excellent groundwater quality for drinking and domestic purposes. Spatial distribution analysis showed diverse groundwater quality across the study area, with the eastern and western parts displaying a less desirable quality, while the northern has the best, making water users in the former more vulnerable to potential pollution effects. Thus, the zonation maps hinted the necessity for groundwater quality enhancement from the western to the northern parts. Chemometric analysis identified both human activities and geogenic factors as contributors to groundwater pollution, with human activities found to have more significant impacts. This research provides the scientific basis and insights for protecting the groundwater system and ensuring efficient water management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S I Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 50, AlKhoud 123, Oman.
| | - Johnson C Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.
| | - Gaurav Saini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Jamilu Usaman
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yazdi MS, Ardalan MA, Hosseini M, Yousefi Zoshk M, Hami Z, Heidari R, Mosaed R, Chamanara M. Infectious Diarrhea Risks as a Public Health Emergency in Floods; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2024; 12:e46. [PMID: 38962364 PMCID: PMC11221827 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v12i1.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Infectious diarrhea, a significant global health challenge, is exacerbated by flooding, a consequence of climate change and environmental disruption. This comprehensive study aims to quantify the association between flooding events and the incidence of infectious diarrhea, considering diverse demographic, environmental, and pathogen-specific factors. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PROSPERO protocol (CRD42024498899), we evaluated observational studies from January 2000 to December 2023. The analysis incorporated global data from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest, focusing on the relative risk (RR) of diarrhea post-flooding. The study encompassed diverse variables like age, sex, pathogen type, environmental context, and statistical modeling approaches. Results The meta-analysis, involving 42 high-quality studies, revealed a substantial increase (RR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.29-1.52]) in the incidence of diarrhea following floods. Notably, bacterial and parasitic diarrheas demonstrated higher RRs (1.82 and 1.35, respectively) compared to viral etiologies (RR = 1.15). A significant sex disparity was observed, with women exhibiting a higher susceptibility (RR = 1.55) than men (RR = 1.35). Adults (over 15 years) faced a greater risk than younger individuals, highlighting age-dependent vulnerability. Conclusion This extensive analysis confirms a significant correlation between flood events and increased infectious diarrhea risk, varying across pathogens and demographic groups. The findings highlight an urgent need for tailored public health interventions in flood-prone areas, focusing on enhanced sanitation, disease surveillance, and targeted education to mitigate this elevated risk. Our study underscores the critical importance of integrating flood-related health risks into global public health planning and climate change adaptation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Afshar Ardalan
- Clinical Biomechanics and Ergonomics Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk
- Trauma and Surgery Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hami
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 7Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mosaed
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Habib SS, Fazio F, Masud S, Ujan JA, Saeed MQ, Ullah M, Khan K, Khayyam K, Mohany M, Milošević M, Al-Rejaie SS, Cravana C. Analyzing the impact of pesticides on the indus river: contamination levels in water, sediment, fish, and associated human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:191. [PMID: 38696024 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are frequently used to protect crop yields and manage malaria vectors; however, their inadvertent transport into aquatic habitats poses a significant concern. Various anthropogenic activities influence the Indus River in Pakistan. This study aimed to assess the presence of eight pesticide residues at three different sites (Kalabagh, Kundian, and Chashma) in water, sediment, and the fish species (Labeo rohita) during both dry and wet seasons to measure the intensity of this pressure. Pesticide analysis was carried out using gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. The results revealed the highest concentrations of pesticides during both dry and wet seasons at all sites, measuring 0.83 and 0.62 μg/l (water), 12.37 and 9.20 μg/g/dw (sediment), and 14.27 and 11.29 μg/g/ww (L. rohita), respectively. Overall, pesticide concentrations were higher in the dry season than in the wet season across all study sites. Based on detection frequency and concentration in both seasons at all sites, dominant pesticides included cypermethrin and carbofuran (in water), as well as endosulfan and cypermethrin (in sediment and fish tissue). Levels of endosulfan and cypermethrin exceeded standard limits. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated no correlation among pesticides in fish tissue, sediment, and water. However, pesticides exhibited different behavior in different seasons. Furthermore, endosulfan and triazophos impose great human health risk, as indicated by the THQ value (> 1). The overall HI value was greater for site 1 in the dry season (8.378). The study concluded that the presence of agricultural pesticides in the Indus River poses a risk to aquatic life and has the potential to disrupt the entire food chain. This highlights the importance of sustainable practices for the study area and Pakistan overall agricultural and environmental sustainability. It is further recommended to strengthen regulations for reduced pesticide use and promote eco-friendly pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sikandar Habib
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, N. 13, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Samrah Masud
- Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ahmed Ujan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Muhammad Qamar Saeed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Khayyam Khayyam
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marija Milošević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristina Cravana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, N. 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gopal V, Krishnamurthy RR, Indhumathi A, Sharon BTX, Priya TSD, Rathinavel K, Bharath KM, Magesh NS, Ayyamperumal R. Geochemical evaluation, ecological and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in urban soil, Southern India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118413. [PMID: 38316388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Roadside soil contamination is mostly caused by human-caused pollutant deposition. PTEs are among the many substances that are harmful for both humans and the environment. PTE concentrations in roadside soil in Chennai, southern India, have been determined in this study. To evaluate the seriousness of the threats, more environmental and geochemical indices have been applied. 83 soil samples have been obtained from the study regions and focusing on important roads. Elemental analysis has been analyzed with ED-XRF and sieve-filtered samples focused on PTEs such as arsenic, barium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, nickel, lead, thorium, titanium, zinc, and uranium. Significant metallic variations have been found in soil samples around roads by the investigation. The elements this study examined section ascending in the following sequence: Fe > Ti > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Th > As > U > K. In the research area, the CD classification denotes high contamination, whereas the CF indices show mild to significant pollution. PLI indicates moderate to high pollution, whereas EF suggests excessive enrichment. Igeo demonstrates a range from uncontaminated to highly contaminated. PERI showed high levels in the northern study region, whereas GUFI shows several hot spots indicating moderate to severe pollution. The Hazard Index (HI) values for all metals were less than one, demonstrating the absence of non-carcinogenic risks for both adults and children. Multivariate data show natural and anthropogenic PTEs in roadside soil. In addition, a soil quality monitoring system is needed to mitigate continual contamination risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Gopal
- Centre for Earth and Atmospheric Sciences (CEAS), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Deemed to Be University, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R R Krishnamurthy
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Indhumathi
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beenu T X Sharon
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T S Derlin Priya
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Rathinavel
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Manikanda Bharath
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research (NITTTR), (Ministry of Education, Govt. of India), Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N S Magesh
- Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, 673 571, Kerala, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ullah R, Muhammad S, Ali W, Amin S, Khan S, Rasool A, Hesham AEL, Umar M, Ali S, Iqbal S, Ahmad A. Evaluation of irrigation, drinking, and risk indices for water quality parameters of alpine lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:175. [PMID: 38619636 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alpine lakes are aquatic ecosystems that maintain and regulate water supply for the downstream streams, rivers, and other reservoirs. This study examined the water characteristics of various alpine lakes in Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water was sampled and investigated for basic parameters, anions, and cations using the multi-parameter analyzers and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Physicochemical parameters of alpine lakes were noted under the World Health Organization water guidelines, except for fluoride (F-) and turbidity in 4.3% and 36% of samples, respectively. Water quality index (WQI) classified samples (93%) as excellent and good quality (7%). Results showed maximum chronic daily intake values (0.14 ± 0.01 mg/kg-day) for nitrate (NO3-) and hazard quotient (0.80 ± 0.24) for F- in children via water intake from Upper Kachura and Shausar Lakes, respectively. Statistical analyses of Piper and Gibbs's plots revealed that the water quality is mainly characterized by bedrock geology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstra.3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Wajid Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Amin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Atta Rasool
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Geology Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Centre for Planning and Disaster Management, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box, 2455, Riyadh - 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bhat AA, Moglad E, Bansal P, Kaur H, Deorari M, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Kukreti N, Ali H. Pollutants to pathogens: The role of heavy metals in modulating TGF-β signaling and lung cancer risk. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155260. [PMID: 38493726 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the lungs due to the uncontrolled growth of aberrant cells. Heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, are metallic elements characterized by their high atomic weights and densities. Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial operations and pollution, have the potential to discharge heavy metals into the environment, hence presenting hazards to ecosystems and human well-being. The TGF-β signalling pathways have a crucial function in controlling several cellular processes, with the ability to both prevent and promote tumor growth. TGF-β regulates cellular responses by interacting in both canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways. Research employing both in vitro and in vivo models has shown that heavy metals may trigger TGF-β signalling via complex molecular pathways. Experiments conducted in a controlled laboratory environment show that heavy metals like cadmium and arsenic may directly bind to TGF-β receptors, leading to alterations in their structure that enable the receptor to be phosphorylated. Activation of this route sets in motion subsequent signalling cascades, most notably the canonical Smad pathway. The development of lung cancer has been linked to heavy metals, which are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. To grasp the underlying processes, it is necessary to comprehend their molecular effect on TGF-β pathways. With a particular emphasis on its consequences for lung cancer, this abstract delves into the complex connection between exposure to heavy metals and the stimulation of TGF-β signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gwenzi W, Adelodun B, Kumar P, Ajibade FO, Silva LFO, Choi KS, Selvarajan R, Abia ALK, Gholipour S, Mohammadi F, Nikaeen M. Human viral pathogens in the wastewater-source water-drinking water continuum: Evidence, health risks, and lessons for future outbreaks in low-income settings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170214. [PMID: 38278242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Human viral pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 continue to attract public and research attention due to their disruption of society, global health, and the economy. Several earlier reviews have investigated the occurrence and fate of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, and the potential to use such data in wastewater-based epidemiology. However, comprehensive reviews tracking SARS-CoV-2 and other viral pathogens in the wastewater-water-drinking water continuum and the associated risk assessment are still lacking. Therefore, to address this gap, the present paper makes the following contributions: (1) critically examines the early empirical results to highlight the occurrence and stability of SARS-CoV-2 in the wastewater-source water-drinking water continuum, (2) discusses the anthropogenic and hydro(geo)logical processes controlling the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the wastewater-source water-drinking water continuum, (3) discusses the risky behaviour, drivers and high-risk settings in the wastewater-source water-drinking water continuum, (4) uses the available empirical data on SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in the wastewater-source water-drinking water continuum to discuss human health risks from multiple exposure pathways, gendered aspects of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via shared on-site sanitation systems, and (5) develops and risk mitigation strategy based on the available empirical evidence and quantitative human risk assessment data. Finally, it presents a comprehensive research agenda on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 to guide the mitigation of future similar outbreaks in low-income settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Westgate, Harare, Zimbabwe; Currently Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and Guest/Visiting Professor at: Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Steinstraße 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Bashir Adelodun
- Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria; Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India; Research and Development Division, Society for AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Fidelis Odedishemi Ajibade
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria.
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlàntico, Colombia.
| | - Kyung Sook Choi
- Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida branch, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Sahar Gholipour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nikaeen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mphaga KV, Utembe W, Rathebe PC. Radon exposure risks among residents proximal to gold mine tailings in Gauteng Province, South Africa: a cross-sectional preliminary study protocol. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1328955. [PMID: 38525346 PMCID: PMC10957527 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1328955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold mine tailings, a legacy of the mining industry, harbors significant amount of radon gas, a classified human carcinogen. Radon exposure, especially near tailings, is a significant public health threat, potentially leading to increased risk of lung cancer, leukemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These health problems are often associated with lower survival rates and significant financial burdens. This ongoing research aim to evaluating the relationship between indoor radon exposure and lung cancer, leukemia, and COPD risks among residents proximal to gold mine tailings in Gauteng Province, South Africa. This cross-sectional preliminary study focus on two distinct groups: Riverlea (exposed group, <2 km to Gold mine tailings) and Orlando East (unexposed group, >2 km to Gold mine tailings). Indoor radon levels is measured using AlphaE monitors, while health risks (lung cancer, leukemia, and COPD) linked to exposure are evaluated through interview-administered questionnaire and secondary data from Gauteng Health Department. Of the 476 residents randomly selected for this study, 300 have already participated, with balanced representation from both the exposed and unexposed groups. The study will compare indoor radon levels and health outcomes between the two groups. This study's results could aid in creating targeted interventions and policies to mitigate indoor radon exposure risks and safeguard vulnerable communities from this significant public health hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khathutshelo Vincent Mphaga
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wells Utembe
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Toxicology and Biochemistry Department, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Phoka Caiphus Rathebe
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Agbasi JC, Ezugwu AL, Omeka ME, Ucheana IA, Aralu CC, Abugu HO, Egbueri JC. More about making profits or providing safe drinking water? A state-of-the-art review on sachet water contamination in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024; 42:255-297. [PMID: 38439577 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2319009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Public health concerns on surface and groundwater contamination worldwide have increased. Sachet water contamination has also raised serious concerns across many developing countries. While previous studies attempted to address this issue, this review takes a different approach by utilizing a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and microbial loads tested in sachet water across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones, within the period of 2020-2023. In this review study, over 50 articles were carefully analyzed. Collected data unveiled regional variations in the quality of sachet water across Nigeria. Noteworthy concerns revolve around levels of pH, total hardness, magnesium, calcium, nickel, iron, lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Fecal contamination was also identified as a significant issue, with the prevalence of several pathogens like Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The manufacturing, delivery, storage, and final sale of sachet water, as well as poor environmental hygiene, were identified as potential contamination sources. The intake of contaminated sachet water exposes the citizens to waterborne and carcinogenic diseases. While the sachet water industry keeps growing and making profits, it is apparent that improvement calls made by previous studies, regarding the quality of water produced, have not been paid serious attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnson C Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Arinze Longinus Ezugwu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Ekuru Omeka
- Department of Geology, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Adolphus Ucheana
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hillary Onyeka Abugu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Subhanullah M, Hassan N, Ali S, Saleh IA, Ilyas M, Rawan B, Ullah W, Iqbal B, Okla MK, Alaraidh IA, Fahad S. The detrimental effects of heavy metals on tributaries exert pressure on water quality, Crossocheilus aplocheilus, and the well-being of human health. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2868. [PMID: 38311636 PMCID: PMC10838935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating presence of heavy metals (HMs) in the Panjkora River water and their impact on fish pose a significant challenge to both the ecological community and human health. Consequently, a study was conducted with the primary aim of elucidating their influence on human health-related issues. To address this, the concentrations of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in both water and the fish species Crossocheilus diplocheilus were investigated across various locations within the study area. The quantification of HMs concentration was carried out utilizing an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest concentration in water was found as 0.060 mg/L for Pb and lowest for Fe, whereas the highest concentration in fish was 2.028 mg/kg for Pb and lowest for As. Human health risk associated with fish eating was evaluated by using health risk indices (HRI) for non-carcinogenic health risks and targeted cancer risk (TR) for carcinogenic health risks. The values of the health risk index (HRI) were found greater than 1 except Fe (0.0792), Zn (0.782), and Mn (0.541). The highest mean HRI > 1 was recorded for As (62.99), Cd (26.85), and Pb (10.56). This implies that fish consumption from river Panjkora is not safe up to some extent. Similarly, the TR value for As, Cd, and Pb was found 2.8 [Formula: see text], 1.6 [Formula: see text], 2.8 ×[Formula: see text] which showed cancer risk. There is a detected risk to human health associated with the consumption of fish from the Panjkora River. The government must implement adaptive measures to address this significant issue of water pollution in the study area. Additionally, there is a need for further extensive and prolonged research studies in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Subhanullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hassan
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 028118, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sajid Ali
- Government Degree College Gulabad, District Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Government Degree College Gulabad, District Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bakht Rawan
- International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Babar Iqbal
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alaraidh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang P, Asare EO, Pitzer VE, Dubrow R, Chen K. Floods and Diarrhea Risk in Young Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:1206-1214. [PMID: 37782513 PMCID: PMC10546297 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Importance Climate change is associated with more frequent and intense floods. Current research on the association between flood exposure and diarrhea risk is limited mainly to short-term and event-specific analyses. Moreover, how prior drought or water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) practices influence this association remains largely unknown. Objective To examine the association between flood exposure and diarrhea risk among children younger than 5 years and to evaluate the compounding influence of prior drought and effect modification by WaSH. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included multicluster surveys conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys Program in 43 low- and middle-income countries during 2009 through 2019. This study included children younger than 5 years in all households from each survey cluster. Collected data were analyzed between September 1 and December 31, 2022. Exposures Historical flood events during 2009 through 2019 were obtained from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory. Main Outcome and Measures The main outcome was diarrhea prevalence among children younger than 5 years in the 2 weeks before the survey was conducted. Results were analyzed by binomial generalized linear mixed-effects logistic regression models with nested random intercepts for country and survey cluster. Results Among 639 250 children making up the complete data series (excluding 274 847 children with missing values for diarrhea or baseline characteristics), 6365 (mean [SD] age, 28.9 [17.2] months; 3214 boys [50.5%]; 3151 girls [49.5%]) were exposed to floods during the 8 weeks after a flood started. The prevalence of diarrhea was 13.2% (n = 839) among exposed children and 12.7% (n = 80 337) among unexposed children. Exposure to floods was associated with increased diarrhea risk, with the highest odds ratio (OR) observed during the second to fourth weeks after floods started (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05-1.73). When floods were stratified by severity and duration, significant associations were observed only for extreme floods (OR during the third to fifth weeks, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.37-3.11) or floods lasting more than 2 weeks (OR during the second to fourth weeks, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13-1.92), with significantly stronger associations than for less extreme floods or shorter-duration floods, respectively. The OR during the first 4 weeks after the start of floods was significantly higher for floods preceded by a 6-month or longer drought (12-month drought OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.53-2.52) than for floods not preceded by a 6-month or longer drought (12-month drought OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79-1.27). Conclusions These findings suggest that floods, especially severe floods, long-duration floods, and floods preceded by drought, are associated with an increased risk of diarrhea among children younger than 5 years living in low- and middle-income countries. With the projected increasing frequency and intensity of floods and drought under climate change, greater collective efforts are needed to protect children's health from these compounding events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ernest O. Asare
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and the Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Virginia E. Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and the Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Luo PY, Chen MX, Kuang WT, Ni H, Zhao J, Dai HY, Ren X, Yi SH, Hong XQ, Zha WT, Lv Y. Hysteresis effects of different levels of storm flooding on susceptible enteric infectious diseases in a central city of China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1874. [PMID: 37759167 PMCID: PMC10537077 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, attention has focused on the impact of global climate change on infectious diseases. Storm flooding is an extreme weather phenomenon that not only impacts the health of the environment but also worsens the spread of pathogens. This poses a significant challenge to public health security. However, there is still a lack of research on how different levels of storm flooding affect susceptible enteric infectious diseases over time. METHODS Data on enteric infectious diseases, storm flooding events, and meteorology were collected for Changsha, Hunan Province, between 2016 and 2020. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was used to identify the enteric infectious diseases that are susceptible to storm flooding. Then, the lagged effects of different levels of storm flooding on susceptible enteric infectious diseases were analyzed using a distributed lag nonlinear model. RESULTS There were eleven storm flooding events in Changsha from 2016 to 2020, concentrated in June and July. 37,882 cases of enteric infectious diseases were reported. During non-flooding days, the daily incidence rates of typhoid/paratyphoid and bacillary dysentery were 0.3/100,000 and 0.1/100,000, respectively. During flooding days, the corresponding rates increased to 2.0/100,000 and 0.8/100,000, respectively. The incidence rates of both diseases showed statistically significant differences between non-flooding and flooding days. Correlation analysis shows that the best lags for typhoid/paratyphoid and bacillary dysentery relative to storm flooding events may be 1 and 3 days. The results of the distributed lag nonlinear model showed that typhoid/paratyphoid had the highest cumulative RR values of 2.86 (95% CI: 1.71-4.76) and 8.16 (95% CI: 2.93-22.67) after 4 days of general flooding and heavy flooding, respectively; and bacillary dysentery had the highest cumulative RR values of 1.82 (95% CI: 1.40-2.35) and 3.31 (95% CI: 1.97-5.55) after 5 days of general flooding and heavy flooding, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Typhoid/paratyphoid and bacillary dysentery are sensitive enteric infectious diseases related to storm flooding in Changsha. There is a lagging effect of storm flooding on the onset of typhoid/paratyphoid and bacillary dysentery, with the best lagging periods being days 1 and 3, respectively. The cumulative risk of typhoid/paratyphoid and bacillary dysentery was highest at 4/5 days lag, respectively. The higher of storm flooding, the higher the risk of disease, which suggests that the authorities should take appropriate preventive and control measures before and after storm flooding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piao-Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Tao Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Han Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Yun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Shang-Hui Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Hong
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|