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Zhou F, Liu X, Chang C, Liu J, He S, Yan Y. Separating the effects of early and later life body mass index on liver diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102352. [PMID: 38670486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The independent effects of childhood and adult body mass index (BMI) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are lacking assessment. We aimed to separate the effects of childhood and adult BMI on NAFLD, cirrhosis, and HCC. METHODS Genetic variants associated with childhood and adult BMI were selected as instrumental variables. Two-sample univariable and multivariable MR estimated the total and direct effect of childhood and adult BMI on NAFLD, cirrhosis, and HCC. RESULTS Genetically predicted each 1-SD increased childhood BMI (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI = 1.12 to 1.51, P = 0.001) and adult BMI (OR = 1.57 95 % CI = 1.33 to 1.84, P = 5.49E-08) was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. The association between childhood BMI (OR = 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.77 to 1.24, P = 0.825) and NAFLD did not remain significant after adjusting for adult BMI (OR = 1.64, 95 % CI = 1.23 to 2.20, P = 0.001). The direct effects of childhood and adult BMI on cirrhosis and HCC were insignificant after considering their relationship. CONCLUSION Maintaining a normal BMI in adulthood significantly reduces the adverse effect of a higher childhood BMI on NAFLD. Further investigation is required to clarify the presence of this effect in cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xia Liu
- Sixth Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xian, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Canyan Chang
- Fifth Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xian, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Twelfth Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xian, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Li J, Wu J, Xie Y, Yu X. Bone marrow adipocytes and lung cancer bone metastasis: unraveling the role of adipokines in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360471. [PMID: 38571500 PMCID: PMC10987778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site of metastasis for lung cancer. The "seed and soil" hypothesis suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment ("soil") may provide a conducive survival environment for metastasizing tumor cells ("seeds"). The bone marrow microenvironment, comprising a complex array of cells, includes bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs), which constitute about 70% of the adult bone marrow volume and may play a significant role in tumor bone metastasis. BMAs can directly provide energy for tumor cells, promoting their proliferation and migration. Furthermore, BMAs participate in the tumor microenvironment's osteogenesis regulation, osteoclast(OC) regulation, and immune response through the secretion of adipokines, cytokines, and inflammatory factors. However, the precise mechanisms of BMAs in lung cancer bone metastasis remain largely unclear. This review primarily explores the role of BMAs and their secreted adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, Nesfatin-1, Resistin, chemerin, visfatin) in lung cancer bone metastasis, aiming to provide new insights into the mechanisms and clinical treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jialu Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Xie
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhao R, Hu Z, Zhang X, Huang S, Yu G, Wu Z, Yu W, Lu J, Ruan B. The oncogenic mechanisms of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in digestive tract tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:68. [PMID: 38273295 PMCID: PMC10809652 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract tumors are heterogeneous and involve the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway plays a notable role in the oncogenesis of digestive tract tumors. Typically activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, it regulates important biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and inflammation. The aberrant activation of this pathway manifests in different forms, including mutations in JAKs, overexpression of cytokine receptors, and sustained STAT activation, and contributes to promoting the malignant characteristics of cancer cells, including uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, enhanced invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, acquisition of stem-like properties, and drug resistance. Numerous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is closely related to the development and progression of digestive tract tumors, contributing to tumor survival, angiogenesis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and even immune escape processes. In addition, this signaling pathway also affects the sensitivity of digestive tract tumors to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the oncogenic mechanisms underlying the JAK-STAT pathway in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies against digestive tract tumors. Currently, several JAK-STAT inhibitors are undergoing clinical and preclinical trials as potential treatments for various human diseases. However, further investigation is required to determine the role of this pathway, as well as the effectiveness and safety of its inhibitors, especially in the context of digestive tract tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure, classic activation, and negative regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of JAK-STAT signaling in different digestive tract tumors, with the aim of identifying potential novel therapeutic targets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhangmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Guodong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma has a substantial global mortality burden which is rising despite advancements in tackling the traditional viral risk factors. Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease, increasing in parallel with the epidemics of obesity, diabetes and systemic metabolic dysregulation. MAFLD is a major factor behind this sustained rise in HCC incidence, both as a single disease entity and often via synergistic interactions with other liver diseases. Mechanisms behind MAFLD-related HCC are complex but is crucially underpinned by systemic metabolic dysregulation with variable contributions from interacting disease modifiers related to environment, genetics, dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. MAFLD-related HCC has a distinct clinical presentation, most notably its common occurrence in non-cirrhotic liver disease. This is just one of several major challenges to effective surveillance programmes. The response of MAFLD-related HCC to immune-checkpoint therapy is currently controversial, and is further complicated by the high prevalence of MAFLD in individuals with HCC from viral aetiologies. In this review, we highlight the current data on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, outcomes and screening controversies. In addition, concepts that have arisen because of the MAFLD paradigm such as HCC in MAFLD/NAFLD non-overlapping groups, dual aetiology tumours and MAFLD sub-phenotypes is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Crane
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, 1 Reserve Road, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Cameron Gofton
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, 1 Reserve Road, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Saalfeld S, Kreher R, Hille G, Niemann U, Hinnerichs M, Öcal O, Schütte K, Zech CJ, Loewe C, van Delden O, Vandecaveye V, Verslype C, Gebauer B, Sengel C, Bargellini I, Iezzi R, Berg T, Klümpen HJ, Benckert J, Gasbarrini A, Amthauer H, Sangro B, Malfertheiner P, Preim B, Ricke J, Seidensticker M, Pech M, Surov A. Prognostic role of radiomics-based body composition analysis for the 1-year survival for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2301-2309. [PMID: 37592827 PMCID: PMC10570090 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parameters of body composition have prognostic potential in patients with oncologic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyse the prognostic potential of radiomics-based parameters of the skeletal musculature and adipose tissues in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Radiomics features were extracted from a cohort of 297 HCC patients as post hoc sub-study of the SORAMIC randomized controlled trial. Patients were treated with selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in combination with sorafenib or with sorafenib alone yielding two groups: (1) sorafenib monotherapy (n = 147) and (2) sorafenib and SIRT (n = 150). The main outcome was 1-year survival. Segmentation of muscle tissue and adipose tissue was used to retrieve 881 features. Correlation analysis and feature cleansing yielded 292 features for each patient group and each tissue type. We combined 9 feature selection methods with 10 feature set compositions to build 90 feature sets. We used 11 classifiers to build 990 models. We subdivided the patient groups into a train and validation cohort and a test cohort, that is, one third of the patient groups. RESULTS We used the train and validation set to identify the best feature selection and classification model and applied it to the test set for each patient group. Classification yields for patients who underwent sorafenib monotherapy an accuracy of 75.51% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7576 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6376-0.8776). For patients who underwent treatment with SIRT and sorafenib, results are accuracy = 78.00% and AUC = 0.8032 (95% CI: 0.6930-0.9134). CONCLUSIONS Parameters of radiomics-based analysis of the skeletal musculature and adipose tissue predict 1-year survival in patients with advanced HCC. The prognostic value of radiomics-based parameters was higher in patients who were treated with SIRT and sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Saalfeld
- Research Campus STIMULATE at the University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Simulation and GraphicsUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Robert Kreher
- Research Campus STIMULATE at the University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Simulation and GraphicsUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Georg Hille
- Research Campus STIMULATE at the University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Simulation and GraphicsUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Uli Niemann
- University LibraryUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Mattes Hinnerichs
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineOvGU MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Osman Öcal
- Department of RadiologyLMU University HospitalMunichGermany
| | - Kerstin Schütte
- Department of Internal Medicine and GastroenterologyNiels‐Stensen‐Kliniken MarienhospitalOsnabrückGermany
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und EndokrinologieMedizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)HannoverGermany
| | - Christoph J. Zech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christian Loewe
- Section of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Bioimaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Otto van Delden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineAcademic University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Chris Verslype
- Department of Digestive OncologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Bernhard Gebauer
- Department of RadiologyCharité – University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Christian Sengel
- Department of RadiologyGrenoble University HospitalLa TroncheFrance
| | - Irene Bargellini
- Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyCandiolo Cancer InstituteTurinItaly
| | - Roberto Iezzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC di Radiologia d'Urgenza e Interventistica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed EmatologiaRomeItaly
- Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Thomas Berg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Gastroenterologie, Sektion HepatologieUniversitätsklinikum LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Heinz J. Klümpen
- Department of Medical OncologyAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Julia Benckert
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCampus Virchow Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Holger Amthauer
- Department of Nuclear MedicineCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Liver UnitClínica Universidad de Navarra and CIBEREHDPamplonaSpain
| | | | - Bernhard Preim
- Research Campus STIMULATE at the University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Simulation and GraphicsUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of RadiologyLMU University HospitalMunichGermany
| | | | - Maciej Pech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineOvGU MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Alexey Surov
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear MedicineJohannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
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Schwertheim S, Alhardan M, Manka PP, Sowa JP, Canbay A, Schmidt HHJ, Baba HA, Kälsch J. Higher pNRF2, SOCS3, IRF3, and RIG1 Tissue Protein Expression in NASH Patients versus NAFL Patients: pNRF2 Expression Is Concomitantly Associated with Elevated Fasting Glucose Levels. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1152. [PMID: 37511764 PMCID: PMC10381647 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces simple steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. NAFLD patients often have metabolic syndrome and high risks of cardiovascular and liver-related mortality. Our aim was to clarify which proteins play a role in the progression of NAFL to NASH. The study investigates paraffin-embedded samples of 22 NAFL and 33 NASH patients. To detect potential candidates, samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the proteins involved in innate immune regulation, autophagy, apoptosis, and antioxidant defense: IRF3, RIG-1, SOCS3, pSTAT3, STX17, SGLT2, Ki67, M30, Caspase 3, and pNRF2. The expression of pNRF2 immunopositive nuclei and SOCS3 cytoplasmic staining were higher in NASH than in NAFL (p = 0.001); pNRF2 was associated with elevated fasting glucose levels. SOCS3 immunopositivity correlated positively with RIG1 (r = 0.765; p = 0.001). Further, in NASH bile ducts showed stronger IRF3 immunostaining than in NAFL (p = 0.002); immunopositive RIG1 tissue was higher in NASH than in NAFL (p = 0.01). Our results indicate that pNRF2, SOCS3, IRF3, and RIG1 are involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. We suggest that they may be suitable for further studies to assess their potential as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Schwertheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Malek Alhardan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Paul P Manka
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hartmut H-J Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Kälsch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Chen Y, Wang W, Morgan MP, Robson T, Annett S. Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and therapeutic targets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148934. [PMID: 37361533 PMCID: PMC10286797 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and overwhelming evidence indicates that it is a risk factor for numerous cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Obesity-associated hepatic tumorigenesis develops from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), progressing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and ultimately to HCC. The rising incidence of obesity is resulting in an increased prevalence of NAFLD and NASH, and subsequently HCC. Obesity represents an increasingly important underlying etiology of HCC, in particular as the other leading causes of HCC such as hepatitis infection, are declining due to effective treatments and vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated HCC. We summarize the preclinical experimental animal models available to study the features of NAFLD/NASH/HCC, and the non-invasive methods to diagnose NAFLD, NASH and early-stage HCC. Finally, since HCC is an aggressive tumor with a 5-year survival of less than 20%, we will also discuss novel therapeutic targets for obesity-associated HCC and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Maria P. Morgan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Annett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Yang J, He J, Feng Y, Xiang M. Obesity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma development via immunosuppressive microenvironment remodeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166440. [PMID: 37266440 PMCID: PMC10231659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the initiation of obesity-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with hepatic inflammation. However, the paradoxical role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of HCC is highlighted by the fact that the inflammatory HCC is accompanied by significant immune effector cells infiltration compared to non-inflammatory HCC and HCC with enhanced immune response exhibits better survival. Importantly, the cancer progression has been primarily attributed to the immunosuppression, which can also be induced by obesity. Furthermore, the increased risk of viral infection and thus viral-HCC in obese individuals supports the view that obesity contributes to HCC via immunosuppression. Here, we have reviewed the various mechanisms responsible for obesity-induced tumor immune microenvironment and immunosuppression in obesity-related HCC. We highlight that the obesity-induced immunosuppression originates from lipid disorder as well as metabolic reprogramming and propose potential therapeutic strategy for HCC based on the current success of immunotherapy.
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Nevola R, Epifani R, Imbriani S, Tortorella G, Aprea C, Galiero R, Rinaldi L, Marfella R, Sasso FC. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36675217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease, affecting up to 70% of patients with diabetes. Currently, there are no specific drugs available for its treatment. Beyond their anti-hyperglycemic effect and the surprising role of cardio- and nephroprotection, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown a significant impact on body weight and clinical, biochemical and histological markers of fatty liver and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Therefore, GLP-1 RAs could be a weapon for the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and NAFLD. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence currently available on the role of GLP-1 RAs in the treatment of NAFLD and to hypothesize potential future scenarios.
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10
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Tanioka T, Iwamoto S, Nakano Y. Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-1β Gene Expression by High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1498-1505. [PMID: 37914352 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an abundant adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes. It exists in the plasma in its trimeric, hexameric, high-molecular-weight (HMW), and globular (a proteolytic product) isoforms. Adiponectin's anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages remain controversial. We have previously reported a simple and effective method for purifying native HMW adiponectin from human plasma. Here, we investigated whether native HMW adiponectin from human plasma has anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages. Pretreatment with human native HMW adiponectin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression, but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression. However, simultaneous treatment with HMW adiponectin and LPS did not inhibit IL-1β expression. Further, HMW adiponectin pretreatment decreases glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inactivation by abrogating LPS-induced Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation, which subsequently suppresses LPS-induced CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) protein translation and nuclear translocation. However, HMW adiponectin pretreatment did not affect LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation. These results suggest that HMW adiponectin mediates potent anti-inflammatory activities in macrophages by inhibiting its Akt-C/EBPβ signaling pathway, thereby suppressing IL-1β gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tanioka
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
- Division of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Sanju Iwamoto
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Yasuko Nakano
- Division of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
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11
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Zhang Z, Du J, Xu Q, Xing C, Li Y, Zhou S, Zhao Z, Mu Y, Zhao Z(A, Cao S, Li F. Adiponectin Suppresses Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Blocking the Activation of NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12729. [PMID: 36361525 PMCID: PMC9658954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Our previous study has shown that blood adiponectin levels were inversely correlated to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and that adiponectin could directly suppress the proliferation of NPC cells. However, the effect of adiponectin on NPC metastasis remains unknown. Here, we revealed in clinical studies that serum adiponectin level was inversely correlated with tumor stage, recurrence, and metastasis in NPC patients, and that low serum adiponectin level also correlates with poor metastasis-free survival. Coculture with recombinant adiponectin suppressed the migration and invasion of NPC cells as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, recombinant adiponectin dampened the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways induced by adipocyte-derived proinflammatory factors such as leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Pharmacological activation of adiponectin receptor through its specific agonist, AdipoRon, largely stalled the metastasis of NPC cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that adiponectin could not only regulate metabolism and inhibit cancer growth, but also suppress the metastasis of NPC. Pharmacological activation of adiponectin receptor may be a promising therapeutic strategy to stall NPC metastasis and extend patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmeng Zhang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qihua Xu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaofeng Xing
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sujin Zhou
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunping Mu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zijian (Allan) Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sumei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Ren G, Guo JH, Feng CL, Ding YW, Dong B, Han YX, Li YH, Wang LL, Jiang JD. Berberine inhibits carcinogenesis through antagonizing the ATX-LPA-LPAR2-p38-leptin axis in a mouse hepatoma model. Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics 2022; 26:372-386. [PMID: 36090480 PMCID: PMC9420352 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly desirable in clinic. Berberine (BBR) is reported to play potential roles in cancer treatment and prevention. We studied the chemopreventive effect of BBR on hepatocellular carcinogenesis in an inflammation-driven mouse model, as it was enriched in liver after oral administration. Oral BBR significantly decreased the number and volume of visible nodular tumors, and prolonged the median overall survival by 9 and 8 weeks in the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-injected male and female mice respectively. The nodular tumors were induced through activation of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) pathway in liver. LPA stimulated the abnormal leptin transcription through interacting with LPA receptor-2 (LPAR2) followed by p38 activation, and BBR inhibited carcinogenesis by suppressing the bioactivity of LPA. Specifically, BBR significantly reduced the expression of the LPA synthetase autotaxin (ATX) and LPAR2 in the nodular tumors of DEN-injected mice. Subsequently, BBR repressed the abnormal transcription of leptin stimulated by LPA-induced phosphorylation of p38 in hepatoma cells. In fact, BBR reduced the abnormal expression of leptin in livers of DEN-injected male mice throughout the course of an 8-month experiment. BBR might be a preventive agent for HCC, working at least partially through antagonizing the ATX-LPA-LPAR2-p38-leptin axis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding author Gang Ren, Ph.D. Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jiang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chen-Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-Wei Ding
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-Huan Li
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding author Lu-Lu Wang, Ph.D., Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding author Jian-Dong Jiang, M.D. Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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13
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Vachher M, Bansal S, Kumar B, Yadav S, Arora T, Wali NM, Burman A. Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1553-1584. [PMID: 35818831 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Globally the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on an upsurge. Evidence is accumulating that liver disorders like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased risk of developing HCC. NAFLD has a prevalence of about 25% and 50%-90% in obese population. With the growing burden of obesity epidemic worldwide, HCC presents a major healthcare burden. While cirrhosis is one of the major risk factors of HCC, available literature suggests that NAFLD/NASH associated HCC also develops in minimum or noncirrhotic livers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with NAFLD and NASH related HCC that would help in early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of HCC secondary to NAFLD. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines are factors secreted by adipocytes, hepatocytes and myocytes, respectively, playing essential roles in cellular homeostasis, energy balance and metabolism with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. In this review, we endeavor to focus on the role of these organokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC to augment the understanding of the factors stimulating hepatocytes to acquire a malignant phenotype. This shall aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and tools for early diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Vachher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Savita Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nalini Moza Wali
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Burman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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14
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Chavez-Tapia NC, Murúa-Beltrán Gall S, Ordoñez-Vázquez AL, Nuño-Lambarri N, Vidal-Cevallos P, Uribe M. Understanding the Role of Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:583-593. [PMID: 35818404 PMCID: PMC9270896 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s283840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have a rising prevalence worldwide. The relationship between these two entities has long been studied and understanding it has become a public health and clinical priority. This association follows, in most patients, the path through non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and finally HCC. Nonetheless, increasing evidence has been found, that shows MetS as an independent risk factor for the development of HCC. This review brings together the clinical evidence of the relationship between these highly prevalent diseases, with a particular interest in the impact of each component of MetS on HCC; It aims to summarize the complex physiopathological pathways that explain this relationship, and to shed light on the different clinical scenarios of this association, the impact of treating the different components of MetS on the risk of HCC and what is known about screening for HCC in patients with MetS. By doing so, it hopes to improve awareness on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto C Chavez-Tapia
- Gastroenterology Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Transational Research Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: Norberto C Chavez-Tapia, Gastroenterology Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150. Col. Toriello Guerra, Tlalpan, Mexico City, CP 14050, Mexico, Email
| | | | | | - Natalia Nuño-Lambarri
- Transational Research Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Gastroenterology Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Lo Iacono M, Modica C, Porcelli G, Brancato OR, Muratore G, Bianca P, Gaggianesi M, Turdo A, Veschi V, Todaro M, Di Franco S, Stassi G. Targeting of the Peritumoral Adipose Tissue Microenvironment as an Innovative Antitumor Therapeutic Strategy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:702. [PMID: 35625629 PMCID: PMC9138344 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in promoting and sustaining cancer growth. Adipose tissue (AT), due to its anatomical distribution, is a prevalent component of TME, and contributes to cancer development and progression. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), reprogrammed by cancer stem cells (CSCs), drive cancer progression by releasing metabolites and inflammatory adipokines. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional crosstalk among CAAs, CSCs, and stromal cells. Moreover, we focus on the recent advances in the therapeutic targeting of adipocyte-released factors as an innovative strategy to counteract cancer progression.
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16
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Flores R, Ramirez M, Ayala L, Benavides EA, Xie F, Arellano AA, Stanko RL, Garcia MR. Adiponectin Influences FGF2 in the Developing Porcine Corpus Luteum. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020077. [PMID: 35202330 PMCID: PMC8875662 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteal angiogenesis is regulated by pro-angiogenic hormones including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), which are regulated by the adipokine leptin during development. Another adipokine, adiponectin, exhibits an inverse relationship with leptin and has been identified in the CL. Therefore, it is hypothesized that adiponectin will influence pro-angiogenic hormones in the developing porcine CL. Crossbred sows were randomly allocated to one of two days of the estrous cycle, day 5 (D5; n = 4) or day 7 (D7; n = 5) for CL collection. Tissue was processed for immunohistochemical localization of adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), gene expression of FGF2, Ang1, leptin, AdipoR2, and cell culture for adiponectin treatment. The expression of AdipoR2 tended (p = 0.09) to be higher in D7 lutea and was more prevalently localized to the cell surface of large and small luteal cells than in D5 tissue. Adiponectin influenced (p ≤ 0.05) FGF2, leptin, and AdipoR2 gene expression relative to the dose and day (D5 or D7). Collectively, the evidence supports the supposition that adiponectin influences angiogenic factors in the developing CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Flores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Martha Ramirez
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Luis Ayala
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | | | - Fang Xie
- Department of Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94142, USA;
| | - Adrian Aaron Arellano
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Randy Louis Stanko
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Michelle Renee Garcia
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-361-593-3197
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17
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Iacob SA, Iacob DG. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV/HBV Patients - a Metabolic Imbalance Aggravated by Antiretroviral Therapy and Perpetuated by the Hepatokine/Adipokine Axis Breakdown. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:814209. [PMID: 35355551 PMCID: PMC8959898 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.814209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in HIV and HBV infected patients. HIV plays an early and direct role in the development of metabolic syndrome by disrupting the mechanism of adipogenesis and synthesis of adipokines. Adipokines, molecules that regulate the lipid metabolism, also contribute to the progression of NAFLD either directly or via hepatic organokines (hepatokines). Most hepatokines play a direct role in lipid homeostasis and liver inflammation but their role in the evolution of NAFLD is not well defined. The role of HBV in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is controversial. HBV has been previously associated with a decreased level of triglycerides and with a protective role against the development of steatosis and metabolic syndrome. At the same time HBV displays a high fibrogenetic and oncogenetic potential. In the HIV/HBV co-infection, the metabolic changes are initiated by mitochondrial dysfunction as well as by the fatty overload of the liver, two interconnected mechanisms. The evolution of NAFLD is further perpetuated by the inflammatory response to these viral agents and by the variable toxicity of the antiretroviral therapy. The current article discusses the pathogenic changes and the contribution of the hepatokine/adipokine axis in the development of NAFLD as well as the implications of HIV and HBV infection in the breakdown of the hepatokine/adipokine axis and NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Alexandra Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Diana Gabriela Iacob,
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18
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Kim H, Lee DS, An TH, Park HJ, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094495. [PMID: 33925827 PMCID: PMC8123490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is the spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis called as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinically, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes coexist. Type 2 diabetes contributes to biological processes driving the severity of NAFLD, the primary cause for development of chronic liver diseases. In the last 20 years, the rate of non-viral NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC has been increasing rapidly. As there are currently no suitable drugs for treatment of NAFLD and NASH, a class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is sometimes used to improve liver failure despite the risk of side effects. Therefore, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH are important issues. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC and the current promising pharmacological therapies of NAFLD/NASH. Further, we will provide insights into "adipose-derived adipokines" and "liver-derived hepatokines" as diagnostic and therapeutic targets from NAFLD to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Da Som Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
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Chen M, Xiao H, Chen B, Bian Z, Kwan HY. The advantages of using Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids for the management of non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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20
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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21
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Chang Y, Yoo JJ, Cho EJ, Han K, Kim D, Kim BY, Chung GE, Cho Y, Shin DW, Yu SJ. Weight fluctuation and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide population-based 8-million-subject study. Hepatol Int 2021; 15:482-92. [PMID: 33598868 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The importance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by obesity has been emphasized. Many studies have shown that weight fluctuations as well as high BMI are associated with various adverse outcomes. In this study, we investigated the relationship between weight fluctuation and HCC in general populations drawn from a nationwide population-based cohort. METHOD A population-based cohort study including 8,001,829 subjects participating in more than three health examinations within 5 years from the index year were followed until the end of 2017. The degree of weight fluctuation and incidence of HCC during the period were evaluated. RESULTS When we classified groups according to baseline body mass index (BMI) level, the highest risk for HCC was observed in subjects with BMI of 30 or greater (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-1.54). Also, increasing trends for the relationship between weight fluctuation and HCC were observed in multivariable Cox proportional analyses. The risk of HCC increased by 16% (aHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.20) for the highest quartile of weight fluctuation relative to the lowest quartile. These findings were consistent regardless of the baseline BMI or other metabolic factors. However, these effects of weight fluctuation on HCC were not observed in liver cirrhosis or viral hepatitis subgroups. CONCLUSION Weight fluctuation is an independent predictor of HCC. In the absence of liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, the impact of weight fluctuation on HCC is further emphasized. These results suggest maintaining steady weight is recommended to reduce the risk of HCC.
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22
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Nigro E, Orlandella FM, Polito R, Mariniello RM, Monaco ML, Mallardo M, De Stefano AE, Iervolino PLC, Salvatore G, Daniele A. Adiponectin and leptin exert antagonizing effects on proliferation and motility of papillary thyroid cancer cell lines. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:237-248. [PMID: 33587254 PMCID: PMC8121733 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) and leptin, adipokines produced and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, are involved in human carcinogenesis. Thyroid carcinomas are frequent endocrine cancers, and several evidences suggest that they are correlated with obesity. In this study, we first analyzed the expression levels and prognostic values of Acrp30, leptin, and their receptors in thyroid cancer cells. Then, we investigated the role of Acrp30 and leptin in proliferation, migration, and invasion. We found that Acrp30 treatment alone inhibits cell proliferation and cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner; leptin alone does not influence thyroid cancer cells (BCPAP and K1) proliferation, but the combined treatment reverts Acrp30-induced effects on cell proliferation. Additionally, through wound healing and Matrigel Matrix invasion assays, we unveiled that Acrp30 inhibits thyroid cancer cell motility, while leptin induces the opposite effect. Importantly, in the combined treatment, Acrp30 and leptin exert antagonizing effects on papillary thyroid cancer cells’ migration and invasion in both BCPAP and K1 cell lines. Highlights of these studies suggest that Acrp30 and leptin could represent therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the management of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rita Polito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaela Mariarosaria Mariniello
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope,", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Ludovica Monaco
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Mallardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Elisa De Stefano
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope,", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Chiara Iervolino
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II,", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana Salvatore
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy. .,IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Napoli, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope,", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy. .,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.
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23
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Pham DV, Park PH. Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming by Adipokines as a Critical Driver of Obesity-Associated Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1444. [PMID: 33535537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiposity is associated with an increased risk of various types of carcinoma. One of the plausible mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting role of obesity is an aberrant secretion of adipokines, a group of hormones secreted from adipose tissue, which have exhibited both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing properties in an adipokine type- and context-dependent manner. Increasing evidence has indicated that these adipose tissue-derived hormones differentially modulate cancer cell-specific metabolism. Some adipokines, such as leptin, resistin, and visfatin, which are overproduced in obesity and widely implicated in different stages of cancer, promote cellular glucose and lipid metabolism. Conversely, adiponectin, an adipokine possessing potent anti-tumor activities, is linked to a more favorable metabolic phenotype. Adipokines may also play a pivotal role under the reciprocal regulation of metabolic rewiring of cancer cells in tumor microenvironment. Given the fact that metabolic reprogramming is one of the major hallmarks of cancer, understanding the modulatory effects of adipokines on alterations in cancer cell metabolism would provide insight into the crosstalk between obesity, adipokines, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize recent insights into putative roles of adipokines as mediators of cellular metabolic rewiring in obesity-associated tumors, which plays a crucial role in determining the fate of tumor cells.
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24
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Kucukoglu O, Sowa JP, Mazzolini GD, Syn WK, Canbay A. Hepatokines and adipokines in NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2021; 74:442-457. [PMID: 33161047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in industrialised societies; this is likely secondary to the increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the metabolic syndrome. Cumulative studies suggest that NAFLD-related HCC may also develop in non-cirrhotic livers. However, prognosis and survival do not differ between NAFLD- or virus-associated HCC. Thus, research has increasingly focused on NAFLD-related risk factors to better understand the biology of hepatocarcinogenesis and to develop new diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies. One important aspect thereof is the role of hepatokines and adipokines in NAFLD/NASH-related HCC. In this review, we compile current data supporting the use of hepatokines and adipokines as potential markers of disease progression in NAFLD or as early markers of NAFLD-related HCC. While much work must be done to elucidate the mechanisms and interactions underlying alterations to hepatokines and adipokines, current data support the possible utility of these factors - in particular, angiopoietin-like proteins, fibroblast growth factors, and apelin - for detection or even as therapeutic targets in NAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kucukoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Guillermo Daniel Mazzolini
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires 999071, Argentina; Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Argentina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany.
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25
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Jang HY, Choi GH, Hwang SH, Jang ES, Kim JW, Ahn JM, Choi Y, Cho JY, Han HS, Lee J, Chung JW, Baeg JY, Jeong SH. Sarcopenia and visceral adiposity predict poor overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative hepatic resection. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:854-866. [PMID: 35116415 PMCID: PMC8799077 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background This study investigated the association of 3 components of body composition (sarcopenia, intramuscular fat deposition and visceral adiposity) with the overall or recurrence-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent curative hepatic resection. Methods One hundred sixty newly diagnosed and surgically treated HCC patients were retrospectively enrolled from 2003 to 2011. Three items of body composition were measured using the 3rd lumbar level image of preoperative computed tomography (CT): psoas muscle index (PMI), psoas muscle attenuation (PMA), and visceral adipose tissue index (VATI). Sex-specific optimal cut-off for each item was determined from receiver-operating characteristic curves. Results The HCC patients showed a median age of 55 years, 75% of male, 78% of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, and 96% of Child-Pugh A. The sarcopenic group (PMI less than the sex-specific cutoff of 3.33 cm2/m2 for men and 2.38 cm2/m2 for women) had 17.5% of the patients with a lower PMA (more fat deposition) but similar VATI compared to the non-sarcopenic group. PMI showed a positive correlation with PMA (ρ=0.493, P<0.001), while there was no significant correlation between PMI and VATI, and between PMA and VATI. On the multivariate analysis, a high PMI and low VATI were independent factors affecting overall survival while PMA was not. Nevertheless, PMI and VATI were not independent factors for recurrence-free survival. Conclusions In curatively resected HCC patients, sarcopenia and high visceral adiposity predict poor overall survival but not recurrence-free survival, while PMA did not predict overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yoon Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Mo Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngrok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Young Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Lee
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wha Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeong Baeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh khalifa Speciality Hospital, Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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26
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Parida S, Siddharth S, Sharma D. Role of Omentin in Obesity Paradox in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020275. [PMID: 33450975 PMCID: PMC7828433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Unlike other cancers, lung cancer risk is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) with limited mechanistic understanding. Overweight and obese patients have been consistently found to respond better to therapy and show better survival. The adipose tissue—in addition to storing energy—secretes multiple unique cytokines or adipokines. Our in silico analysis reveals that a novel adipokine, omentin, is significantly and consistently downregulated in lung cancers compared to healthy lung tissue. Omentin was also found to be negatively correlated with important oncogenic transcription factors like ELK4, FOXA1 and FOXC1. Our study warrants further mechanistic studies on the role of omentin in lung cancers. Abstract Lung cancer remains the second-most-common cancer worldwide and is associated with the highest number of cancer-related mortality. While tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, many other lifestyles and occupational factors significantly contribute. Obesity is a growing global health concern and contributes to ~30% cancer-related mortality, but unlike other lifestyle diseases, lung cancer is negatively associated with obesity. We meta-analyzed multiple case-control studies confirming increased survival and better outcomes in overweight and obese lung cancer patients. Tumor heterogeneity analysis showed significant enrichment of adipocytes and preadipocytes in normal lungs compared to lung cancers. Interestingly, one of the understudied adipokine, omentin, was significantly and consistently lower in lung neoplasms compared to normal lungs. Omentin has been examined in relation to osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, psoriasis and some other cancers. Aberrant expression of omentin has been reported in solid tumors; however, little is known about its role in lung cancer. We found omentin to be consistently downregulated in lung cancers, and it exhibited a negative correlation with important transcription factors FOXA1, EN1, FOXC1 and ELK4. We, therefore, suggest that omentin may serve as a prognostic factor in lung cancer and explain the “obesity paradox” in lung cancer.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major drivers for the rising trend in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Over the past three decades, the incidence of both NAFLD and HCC have increased two- to threefold. It has been forecasted that the number of patients with NAFLD in the Unites States will reach 101 million by 2030; global increase is also foreseen. This trend will likely continue to translate into increased HCC in the Unites States and across the globe. In this chapter, we summarize the current evidence linking NAFLD, metabolic syndrome, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and HCC. We describe the main molecular mechanisms connecting these metabolic perturbations and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubu A Banini
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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28
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Li SJ, Wei XH, Zhan XM, He JY, Zeng YQ, Tian XM, Yuan ST, Sun L. Adipocyte-Derived Leptin Promotes PAI-1 -Mediated Breast Cancer Metastasis in a STAT3/miR-34a Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123864. [PMID: 33371368 PMCID: PMC7767398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although adipocytes affect the metastatic behavior of cancer cells, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Thereby, we sought to screen for the signaling pathways responsible for adipocyte-induced motility of breast cancer cells by employing a breast cancer cell/adipocyte coculture system. Our study revealed that adipocyte coculture stimulated PAI-1 expression in breast cancer cells to potentiate cell motility. Furthermore, we obtained evidence that adipocytes secreted leptin to activate OBR in breast cancer cells, which phosphorylated STAT3 to promote the transcription of PAI-1 and repress the expression of miR-34a as the negative regulator of PAI-1. Our study provides new evidence for the involvement of adipocytes in breast cancer evolution, which advances the evolving roles of stromal cells in tumor pathogenesis. Abstract The crosstalk between cancer cells and adipocytes is critical for breast cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions have not been fully characterized. In the present study, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was found to be a critical effector of the metastatic behavior of breast cancer cells upon adipocyte coculture. Loss-of-function studies indicated that silencing PAI-1 suppressed cancer cell migration. Furthermore, we found that PAI-1 was closely related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in breast cancer patients. A loss-of-function study and a mammary orthotopic implantation metastasis model showed that PAI-1 promoted breast cancer metastasis by affecting the EMT process. In addition, we revealed that leptin/OBR mediated the regulation of PAI-1 through the interactions between adipocytes and breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, we elucidated that leptin/OBR further activated STAT3 to promote PAI-1 expression via miR-34a–dependent and miR-34a–independent mechanisms in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that targeting PAI-1 and interfering with its upstream regulators may benefit breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jing Li
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.-J.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
| | - Xiao-Hui Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;
| | - Xiao-Man Zhan
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.-J.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
| | - Jin-Yong He
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.-J.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
- China Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zeng
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.-J.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
| | - Xue-Mei Tian
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.-J.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
| | - Sheng-Tao Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (S.-T.Y.); (L.S.)
| | - Li Sun
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.-J.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.-T.Y.); (L.S.)
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Martínez-Uña M, López-Mancheño Y, Diéguez C, Fernández-Rojo MA, Novelle MG. Unraveling the Role of Leptin in Liver Function and Its Relationship with Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9368. [PMID: 33316927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery twenty-five years ago, the fat-derived hormone leptin has provided a revolutionary framework for studying the physiological role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Leptin exerts pleiotropic effects on many metabolic pathways and is tightly connected with the liver, the major player in systemic metabolism. As a consequence, understanding the metabolic and hormonal interplay between the liver and adipose tissue could provide us with new therapeutic targets for some chronic liver diseases, an increasing problem worldwide. In this review, we assess relevant literature regarding the main metabolic effects of leptin on the liver, by direct regulation or through the central nervous system (CNS). We draw special attention to the contribution of leptin to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis and its progression to more advanced stages of the disease as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Likewise, we describe the contribution of leptin to the liver regeneration process after partial hepatectomy, the mainstay of treatment for certain hepatic malignant tumors.
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30
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Bungau S, Behl T, Tit DM, Banica F, Bratu OG, Diaconu CC, Nistor-Cseppento CD, Bustea C, Aron RAC, Vesa CM. Interactions between leptin and insulin resistance in patients with prediabetes, with and without NAFLD. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:197. [PMID: 33123227 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the link between insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance and leptinaemia in people with prediabetes with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 143 prediabetes patients were evaluated in the study. Ultrasonography was used for diagnosis of NAFLD, and fasting insulin, postprandial insulin, leptin levels, common clinical/biochemical determinations were determined. In total, 69 (48.25%) of the patients were diagnosed with NAFLD and 74 (51.75%) without NAFLD. Leptin values correlated statistically with fasting insulin in prediabetes patients, while in the patients that were also diagnosed with NAFLD the correlation was stronger. Values of log-leptin <1 ng/ml were found in 64% of patients with prediabetes without NAFLD, and in 2% of patients with prediabetes and NAFLD. In the context of the association between serum leptin levels and a worse biochemical profile in prediabetes patients on one hand, and fatty liver disease and a worse biochemical profile in prediabetes patients on the other, leptin can be considered a possible candidate molecule that mediates the biochemical alterations identified in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Florin Banica
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ovidiu G Bratu
- Clinical Department 3, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia C Diaconu
- Department 5, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen D Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Raluca A Corb Aron
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Abstract
Environment surrounding tumours are now recognized to play an important role in tumour development and progression. Among the cells found in the tumour environment, adipocytes from adipose tissue establish a vicious cycle with cancer cells to promote cancer survival, proliferation, metastasis and treatment resistance. This cycle is particularly of interest in the context of obesity, which has been found as a cancer risk factor. Cancers cells can reprogram adipocyte physiology leading to an "activated" phenotype characterized by delipidation and secretion of inflammatory adipokines. The adipocyte secretions then influence tumour growth and metastasis which has been mainly attributed to interleukin 6 (IL-6) or leptin but also to the release of fatty acids which are able to change cancer cell metabolism and signalling pathways. The aim of this review is to report recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking adipose tissue with cancer progression in order to propose new therapeutic strategies based on pharmacological or nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Dumas
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Growth and Cancer, University of Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Growth and Cancer, University of Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France.
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Raut PK, Park PH. Globular adiponectin antagonizes leptin-induced growth of cancer cells by modulating inflammasomes activation: Critical role of HO-1 signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kimura N, Tsuchiya A, Oda C, Kimura A, Hosaka K, Tominaga K, Hayashi K, Yokoyama J, Terai S. Visceral Adipose Tissue Index and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Are Independent Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Cirrhosis Having Endoscopic Treatment for Esophageal Varices. Dig Dis 2020; 39:58-65. [PMID: 32450556 DOI: 10.1159/000508867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the amount of adipose tissue and advanced-stage liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices (EV) is unknown. We aimed to reveal the prognostic significance of adipose tissues in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS We enrolled 87 patients with EV who received initial endoscopic treatment and underwent scheduled treatments in our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) images were obtained of a 5-mm slice at the umbilical level. We evaluated the effect of mortality based on the visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR). RESULTS Cox hazard multivariate analysis showed that the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; hazard ratio [HR]: 4.650, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.750-12.353, p = 0.002), γ-GTP (HR: 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.006, p = 0.026), and VATI (HR: 1.057, 95% CI: 1.030-1.085, p < 0.001) significantly affected mortality. Cox hazard multivariate analysis for liver-related death was also significantly affected by HCC (HR: 1.057, 95% CI: 1.030-1.085, p < 0.001) and VATI (HR: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.019-1.086, p = 0.002). The difference between the Child-Pugh scores 12 months after treatment and that during initial treatment were significantly positively correlated with VATI (r = 0.326, p = 0.027). Patients with high VATI had a significantly higher frequency of HCC after EV treatment by Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that VATI measured by CT could significantly predict mortality in cirrhosis patients through decreasing liver function and increasing HCC frequency, and appropriately controlling VATI could improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhiro Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chiyumi Oda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hosaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tominaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazunao Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junji Yokoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Tripathy A, Thakurela S, Sahu MK, Uthansingh K, Singh A, Narayan J, Ajay AK, Singh V, Kumari R. Fatty changes associated with N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:66-82. [PMID: 32577158 PMCID: PMC7289904 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Aims: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the world. Non-viral etiological factors including obesity and metabolic syndrome have now become prevalent cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is activated in hepatocellular carcinoma but its role in regulation of lipogenic molecules during the hepatocarcinogenesis is not known. The aim of present study is to explore the role of SHH pathway in fatty changes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis at different stages and to further correlate the expression of SHH with lipogenic pathways. Results: Our results demonstrated significant increase in lipidosis and fibrosis in DEN+CCl4 treated animals. It was simultaneously associated with the enhanced expression level of SHH, E2F1, adiponectin, and lipogenic molecules in DEN+CCl4 treated animals. These results were also corroborated with the similar findings in higher stage patients’ biospecimens. Methods: N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and Carbon TetraChloride (CCl4) induced hepatocellular acrcinoma model in male Wistar rats were established to study the expression level of SHH pathway and associated fatty changes during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. The expression levels of SHH, E2F1, and lipogenic molecules were checked at different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. These results were further compared with biospecimens of hepatocellular carcinoma patients of different stages. Conclusions: Our results revealed an unknown aspect of SHH pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis via its control over lipogenesis. It gives insight into the lipogenic properties of DEN+CCl4 induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis model and how SHH pathway operate to arbitrate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Tripathy
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kanishka Uthansingh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ayaskanta Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jimmy Narayan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Vinay Singh
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ratna Kumari
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Horii N, Sawda Y, Kumamoto T, Tsuchiya N, Murakami T, Yabushita Y, Honma Y, Matsuyama R, Morioka D, Akiyama H, Endo I. Impact of intramuscular adipose tissue content on short- and long-term outcomes of hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis: a retrospective analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:68. [PMID: 32264904 PMCID: PMC7137488 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous reports regarding sarcopenia have focused on the quantity of skeletal muscle. In contrast, the impact of the quality of skeletal muscle has not been well investigated. Methods A retrospective analysis of 115 patients who underwent initial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis between January 2009 and December 2016 in our hospital was performed. Intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) was used to evaluate the quality of skeletal muscle by analysing computed tomography (CT) images at the level of the umbilicus. The impact of poor skeletal muscle quality on short-term and long-term outcomes after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis was analysed. Results Patients were divided into two groups (high IMAC and normal IMAC) according to their IMAC values, and their backgrounds were compared. There were no significant differences in most factors between the two groups. However, both body mass index (P = 0.030) and the incidence of postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or worse (P = 0.008) were significantly higher in the high-IMAC group. In multivariate analyses, an operative blood loss > 600 ml (P = 0.006) and high IMAC (P = 0.008) were associated with postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or worse. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival were significantly lower (P < 0.001 and P = 0.045, respectively) in the high-IMAC group than in the normal IMAC group. In multivariate analyses for poor overall survival, high IMAC was associated with poor overall survival (P < 0.001). Conclusions IMAC is a prognostic factor for poor short- and long-term outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Horii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yu Sawda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kumamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yabushita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuki Honma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morioka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Grąt K, Pacho R, Grąt M, Krawczyk M, Zieniewicz K, Rowiński O. Impact of Body Composition on the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplantation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1672. [PMID: 31614892 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition parameters are reported to influence the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver resection, yet data on patients undergoing liver transplantation are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the amount of abdominal adipose tissue and skeletal muscles on the risk of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study performed on 77 HCC patients after liver transplantation. Subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area, psoas muscle area and total skeletal muscle area were assessed on computed tomography on the level of L3 vertebra and divided by square meters of patient height. The primary outcome measure was five-year recurrence-free survival. RESULTS Recurrence-free survival in the entire cohort was 95.7%, 90.8%, and 86.5% after one, three, and five years post-transplantation, respectively. SFA was significantly associated with the risk of HCC recurrence (p = 0.013), whereas no significant effects were found for visceral fat and skeletal muscle indices. The optimal cut-off for SFA for prediction of recurrence was 71.5 cm2/m2. Patients with SFA < 71.5 cm2/m2 and ≥71.5 cm2/m2 exhibited five-year recurrence-free survival of 96.0% and 55.4%, respectively (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Excessive amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue is a risk factor for HCC recurrence after liver transplantation and may be considered in patient selection process.
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Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies, and various pathogenic factors can lead to its occurrence and development. Among all primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common. With extensive studies, an increasing number of molecular mechanisms that promote HCC are being discovered. Surgical resection is still the most effective treatment for patients with early HCC. However, early detection and treatment are difficult for most HCC patients, and the postoperative recurrence rate is high, resulting in poor clinical prognosis of HCC. Although immunotherapy takes longer than conventional chemotherapy to produce therapeutic effects, it persists for longer. In recent years, the emergence of many new immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, has given new hope for the treatment of HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Radwan HA, Hamed EH, Saleh OM. Significance of Serum Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance Levels in Diagnosis of Egyptian Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and HCC. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1833-1839. [PMID: 31244307 PMCID: PMC7021627 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.6.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One possible hypothesis for pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is deregulated expressed adipokines (adipose tissue cytokines). Chronic inflammation in the cirrhotic liver adipose tissue is associated with a modification in adipokine secretion. Changes in serum levels of adiponectin are known to be associated with the development of insulin resistance. Increased insulin resistance is a pathophysiological feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. In addition, it was suggested that liver cancer development is probably connected with insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of serum Adiponectin level and insulin resistance in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patient and Methods: 100 patients were enrolled in this cross sectional study and divided as following: Group I: 52 HCV patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).Group II: 48 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For all subjects, Serum Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance parameters (Fasting serum Insulin, Fasting serum Glucose, HOMA IR) were measured. Results: Serum Adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (p=0.000 ) and it is inversely correlated to tumor size and the number (p= 0.0001).Meanwhile, Insulin Resistance parameters (Fasting s. Insulin, Fasting s. Glucose, HOMA IR) were significantly higher in HCC patients than CLD patients (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Insulin Resistance is significantly associated with the development of HCC. Serum level of Adiponectin may guard against HCC development among patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Radwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ehab H Hamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omneya M Saleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
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Jimenez H, Wang M, Zimmerman JW, Pennison MJ, Sharma S, Surratt T, Xu ZX, Brezovich I, Absher D, Myers RM, DeYoung B, Caudell DL, Chen D, Lo HW, Lin HK, Godwin DW, Olivier M, Ghanekar A, Chen K, Miller LD, Gong Y, Capstick M, D'Agostino RB, Munden R, Merle P, Barbault A, Blackstock AW, Bonkovsky HL, Yang GY, Jin G, Liu L, Zhang W, Watabe K, Blackman CF, Pasche BC. Tumour-specific amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields induce differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting Ca v3.2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channels and Ca 2+ influx. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:209-224. [PMID: 31160272 PMCID: PMC6604666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of amplitude modulated 27·12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (AM RF EMF) by means of a spoon-shaped applicator placed on the patient's tongue is a newly approved treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanism of action of tumour-specific AM RF EMF is largely unknown. METHODS Whole body and organ-specific human dosimetry analyses were performed. Mice carrying human HCC xenografts were exposed to AM RF EMF using a small animal AM RF EMF exposure system replicating human dosimetry and exposure time. We performed histological analysis of tumours following exposure to AM RF EMF. Using an agnostic genomic approach, we characterized the mechanism of action of AM RF EMF. FINDINGS Intrabuccal administration results in systemic delivery of athermal AM RF EMF from head to toe at levels lower than those generated by cell phones held close to the body. Tumour shrinkage results from differentiation of HCC cells into quiescent cells with spindle morphology. AM RF EMF targeted antiproliferative effects and cancer stem cell inhibiting effects are mediated by Ca2+ influx through Cav3·2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (CACNA1H) resulting in increased intracellular calcium concentration within HCC cells only. INTERPRETATION Intrabuccally-administered AM RF EMF is a systemic therapy that selectively block the growth of HCC cells. AM RF EMF pronounced inhibitory effects on cancer stem cells may explain the exceptionally long responses observed in several patients with advanced HCC. FUND: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Centre Support Grant award number P30CA012197 issued to the Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Centre (BP) and by funds from the Charles L. Spurr Professorship Fund (BP). DWG is supported by R01 AA016852 and P50 AA026117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Jimenez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Division of Haematology/Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Michael J Pennison
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Trevor Surratt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ivan Brezovich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Barry DeYoung
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - David L Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Dwayne W Godwin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael Olivier
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kui Chen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Yijian Gong
- IT'IS Foundation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myles Capstick
- IT'IS Foundation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Reginald Munden
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Philippe Merle
- Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arthur W Blackstock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- Section on Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Carl F Blackman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America.
| | - Boris C Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America.
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Parida S, Siddharth S, Sharma D. Adiponectin, Obesity, and Cancer: Clash of the Bigwigs in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2519. [PMID: 31121868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is one of the most important adipocytokines secreted by adipocytes and is called a “guardian angel adipocytokine” owing to its unique biological functions. Adiponectin inversely correlates with body fat mass and visceral adiposity. Identified independently by four different research groups, adiponectin has multiple names; Acrp30, apM1, GBP28, and AdipoQ. Adiponectin mediates its biological functions via three known receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin, which are distributed throughout the body. Biological functions of adiponectin are multifold ranging from anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory to anti-cancer. Lower adiponectin levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. A plethora of experimental evidence supports the role of obesity and increased adiposity in multiple cancers including breast, liver, pancreatic, prostrate, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Obesity mediates its effect on cancer progression via dysregulation of adipocytokines including increased production of oncogenic adipokine leptin along with decreased production of adiponectin. Multiple studies have shown the protective role of adiponectin in obesity-associated diseases and cancer. Adiponectin modulates multiple signaling pathways to exert its physiological and protective functions. Many studies over the years have shown the beneficial effect of adiponectin in cancer regression and put forth various innovative ways to increase adiponectin levels.
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Manieri E, Herrera-Melle L, Mora A, Tomás-Loba A, Leiva-Vega L, Fernández DI, Rodríguez E, Morán L, Hernández-Cosido L, Torres JL, Seoane LM, Cubero FJ, Marcos M, Sabio G. Adiponectin accounts for gender differences in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1108-1119. [PMID: 30944152 PMCID: PMC6504215 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender disparity in liver cancer incidence is a relevant feature of this malignancy. Manieri et al. show that testosterone-induced JNK1 activation in adipose tissue results in decreased levels of circulating adiponectin, which is responsible for higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in males. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer type and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. This cancer appears with higher incidence in men and during obesity; however, the specific mechanisms underlying this correlation are unknown. Adipose tissue, a key organ in metabolic syndrome, shows evident gender disparities in the production of adipokines. Levels of the important adipokine adiponectin decrease in men during puberty, as well as in the obese state. Here, we show that this decrease in adiponectin levels is responsible for the increased liver cancer risk in males. We found that testosterone activates the protein JNK in mouse and human adipocytes. JNK-mediated inhibition of adiponectin secretion increases liver cancer cell proliferation, since adiponectin protects against liver cancer development through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38α. This study provides insight into adipose tissue to liver crosstalk and its gender relation during cancer development, having the potential to guide strategies for new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Manieri
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Tomás-Loba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Leiva-Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Delia I Fernández
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Morán
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Cosido
- University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jorge L Torres
- University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luisa M Seoane
- Fisiopatología Endocrina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Servicio Gallego de Salud, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that obesity is associated with tumor development and progression. Leptin is an adipocyte-related hormone with a key role in energy metabolism and whose circulating levels are elevated in obesity. The effect of leptin on cancer progression and metastasis and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Leptin can impact various steps in tumor metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and proteolysis of ECM components. To do so, leptin binds to its receptor (OB-Rb) to activate signaling pathways and downstream effectors that participate in tumor cell invasion as well as distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe metastasis steps in detail and characterize metastasis-related molecules activated by leptin, which may help to develop a roadmap that guides future work. In addition, we conclude that a profound understanding of the fundamental molecular processes that contribute to leptin-induced metastasis may pave the way for the development of new prognostic molecules and appropriate approaches to the treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nejad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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43
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Hamaguchi Y, Kaido T, Okumura S, Kobayashi A, Shirai H, Yao S, Yagi S, Kamo N, Seo S, Taura K, Okajima H, Uemoto S. Preoperative Visceral Adiposity and Muscularity Predict Poor Outcomes after Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2019; 8:92-109. [PMID: 31019900 PMCID: PMC6465724 DOI: 10.1159/000488779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral adiposity, defined as a high visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR), has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes in several cancers. However, in the surgical field, the significance of visceral adiposity remains controversial. The present study investigated the impact of visceral adiposity as well as sarcopenic factors (low muscularity) on outcomes in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from 606 patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC at our institution between April 2005 and March 2016. Using preoperative plain computed tomography imaging at the level of the third lumbar vertebra, visceral adiposity, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle quality were evaluated by the VSR, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), respectively. The impact of these parameters on outcomes after hepatectomy for HCC was analyzed. RESULTS The overall survival rate was significantly lower among patients with a high VSR (p < 0.001) than among patients with a normal VSR. Similarly, the recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower among patients with a high VSR (p = 0.016). A high VSR, low SMI, and high IMAC contributed to an increased risk of death (p < 0.001) and HCC recurrence (p < 0.001) in an additive manner. Multivariate analysis showed that not only preoperative low muscularity but also visceral adiposity was a significant risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.566, p < 0.001) and HCC recurrence (HR = 1.329, p = 0.020) after hepatectomy for HCC. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative visceral adiposity, as well as low muscularity, was closely related to poor outcomes after hepatectomy for HCC. It is crucial to establish a new strategy including perioperative nutritional interventions with rehabilitation for better outcomes after hepatectomy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- *Toshimi Kaido, MD, PhD, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 (Japan), E-Mail
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44
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Laouirem S, Sannier A, Norkowski E, Cauchy F, Doblas S, Rautou PE, Albuquerque M, Garteiser P, Sognigbé L, Raffenne J, van Beers BE, Soubrane O, Bedossa P, Cros J, Paradis V. Endothelial fatty liver binding protein 4: a new targetable mediator in hepatocellular carcinoma related to metabolic syndrome. Oncogene 2018; 38:3033-3046. [PMID: 30575815 PMCID: PMC6484689 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is becoming the leading risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC development related to MS may occur in advanced or non-advanced liver fibrosis, suggesting specific molecular pathways. Among these pathways, basal inflammatory state and adipokines production are involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). In this study, we demonstrate the specific overexpression of FABP4 in human HCC samples from patients with MS compared to other risk factors for chronic liver disease with FABP4 expression restricted to peritumoral endothelial cells. In vitro, glucose, insulin, VEGFA and hypoxia upregulated endothelial FABP4, which was reversed by metformin through mTOR pathway inhibition. FABP4 exerts oncogenic effects on hepatoma cell lines by upregulating the angiogenesis gene signature and pathways involved in the cell cycle, leading to increased cell proliferation and migration, and downregulating HIF1 pathway; effects were reversed in the presence of a specific FABP4 inhibitor (BMS309403). We showed the role of microvesicles as FABP4 vectors between endothelial and tumor cells. In vivo, BMS309403 significantly reduces tumor growth in heterotopic and orthotopic xenografted mice model. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the emerging oncogenic role of liver endothelial cells through FABP4 in HCC related to MS, and highlights new anti-neoplastic mechanism of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Laouirem
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Sannier
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Emma Norkowski
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - François Cauchy
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Hepatobiliary Surgery Dept., Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Sabrina Doblas
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Laura Sognigbé
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Jerôme Raffenne
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Bedossa
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Jerôme Cros
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Pathology Dept., Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- INSERM UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France. .,Pathology Dept., Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France.
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45
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Chen K, Ma J, Jia X, Ai W, Ma Z, Pan Q. Advancing the understanding of NAFLD to hepatocellular carcinoma development: From experimental models to humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:117-125. [PMID: 30528647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently been recognized as an important etiology contributing to the increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD, characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, is affecting at least one-third of the global population. The more aggressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is characterized by hepatocyte necrosis and inflammation. The development of effective approaches for disease prevention and/or treatment heavily relies on deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying NAFLD to HCC development. However, this has been largely hampered by the lack of robust experimental models that recapitulate the full disease spectrum. This review will comprehensively describe the current in vitro and mouse models for studying NAFLD/NASH/HCC, and further emphasize their applications and possible future improvement for better understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the cascade of NAFLD to HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jianbo Ma
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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46
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Munir MT, Ponce C, Powell CA, Tarafdar K, Yanagita T, Choudhury M, Gollahon LS, Rahman SM. The contribution of cholesterol and epigenetic changes to the pathophysiology of breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:1-9. [PMID: 29733910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women. Accumulating evidence suggests that cholesterol plays an important role in the development of breast cancer. Even though the mechanistic link between these two factors is not well understood, one possibility is that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism may affect lipid raft and membrane fluidity and can promote tumor development. Current studies have shown oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) as a critical regulator of cholesterol and breast cancer pathogenesis. This is supported by the significantly higher expression of CYP27A1 (cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) in breast cancers. This enzyme is responsible for 27-HC synthesis from cholesterol. It has been shown that 27-HC can not only increase the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells but also stimulate tumor growth and metastasis in several breast cancer models. This phenomenon is surprising since 27-HC and other oxysterols generally reduce intracellular cholesterol levels by activating the liver X receptors (LXRs). Resolving this paradox will elucidate molecular pathways by which cholesterol, ER, and LXR are connected to breast cancer. These findings will also provide the rationale for evaluating pharmaceutical approaches that manipulate cholesterol or 27-HC synthesis in order to mitigate the impact of cholesterol on breast cancer pathophysiology. In addition to cholesterol, epigenetic changes including non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifications, have all been shown to control tumorigenesis. The purpose of this review is to discuss the link between altered cholesterol metabolism and epigenetic modification during breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha T Munir
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren S Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shaikh M Rahman
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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47
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Kobayashi T, Kawai H, Nakano O, Abe S, Kamimura H, Sakamaki A, Kamimura K, Tsuchiya A, Takamura M, Yamagiwa S, Terai S. Prognostic value of subcutaneous adipose tissue volume in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2231-2239. [PMID: 30100754 PMCID: PMC6065564 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s167417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who undergo transcatheter intra-arterial therapies, including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy, is affected by many clinical factors including liver function and tumor progression. However, the effect of body composition such as skeletal muscle and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT, respectively) on the prognosis of these patients remains unclear. We investigated the prognostic value of body composition in HCC patients treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapies. Patients and methods This study retrospectively evaluated 100 HCC patients treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapies between 2005 and 2015. Areas of skeletal muscle, VAT, and SAT were measured on computed tomography images at third lumbar vertebra level and normalized by the height squared to calculate the skeletal muscle index, VAT index, and SAT index (SATI). The visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio was also calculated. Overall survival (OS) was compared between high- and low-index groups for each body composition. Furthermore, prognostic significance was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Among the body composition indexes, only SATI could significantly differentiate OS (p=0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that SATI (low- vs. high-SATI: HR, 2.065; 95% CI, 1.187–3.593; p=0.010), serum albumin (<3.5 vs. ≥3.5 g/dL; HR, 2.007; 95% CI, 1.037–3.886; p=0.039), serum alpha-fetoprotein (<20 vs. ≥20 ng/mL; HR, 0.311; 95% CI, 0.179–0.540; p<0.001), and Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors assessment (complete response+partial response+stable disease vs. progressive disease; HR, 0.392; 95% CI, 0.221–0.696; p=0.001) were indicated as independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion High SAT volume is associated with better survival outcomes in HCC patients treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapies. Elucidation of the mechanisms regulating SAT volume may offer a new therapeutic strategy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Hirokazu Kawai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Oki Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Akira Sakamaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Satoshi Yamagiwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
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48
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Thompson KJ, Austin RG, Nazari SS, Gersin KS, Iannitti DA, McKillop IH. Altered fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression and function in human and animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2018; 38:1074-1083. [PMID: 29171144 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Risk factors for developing HCC include viral hepatitis, alcohol and obesity. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) and are expressed in a tissue-specific pattern; FABP1 being the predominant hepatic form, and FABP4 the predominant adipocyte form. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression and function of FABPs1-9 in human and animal models of obesity-related HCC. METHODS FABP1-9 expression was determined in a mouse model of obesity-promoted HCC. Based on these data, expression and function of FABP4 was determined in human HCC cells (HepG2 and HuH7) in vitro. Serum from patients with different underlying hepatic pathologies was analysed for circulating FABP4 levels. RESULTS Livers from obese mice, independent of tumour status, exhibited increased FABP4 mRNA and protein expression concomitant with elevated serum FABP4. In vitro, FABP4 expression was induced in human HCC cells by FFA treatment, and led to FABP4 release into culture medium. Treatment of HCC cells with exogenous FABP4 significantly increased proliferation and migration of human HCC cells. Patient serum analysis demonstrated significantly increased FABP4 in those with underlying liver disease, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and HCC. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest FABP4, an FABP not normally expressed in the liver, can be synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes and HCC cells, and that FABP4 may play a role in regulating tumour progression in the underlying setting of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Keith S Gersin
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - David A Iannitti
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
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49
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the two most common primary liver cancers, represent the second most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide, with most cases being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Recent genome-wide studies have helped to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis and genetic heterogeneity of liver cancers. This review of the genetic landscape of HCC and iCCA discusses the most recent findings from genomic profiling and the current understanding of the pathways involved in the initiation and progression of liver cancer. We highlight recent insights gained from metabolic profiling of HCC and iCCA. This knowledge will be key to developing clinically useful diagnostic/prognostic profiles, building targeted molecular and immunologic therapies, and ultimately curing these complex and heterogeneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Gingold
- Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Obesity is a growing medical and public health problem worldwide. Many digestive diseases are related to obesity. In this article, the current state of our knowledge of obesity-related digestive diseases, their pathogenesis, and the medical and metabolic consequences of weight reduction are discussed. Obesity-related digestive diseases include gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyp and cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C-related disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallstone, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Although obesity-related esophageal diseases are associated with altered mechanical and humoral factors, other obesity-related digestive diseases seem to be associated with obesity-induced altered circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. The relationship between functional gastrointestinal disease and obesity has been debated. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the obesity-related digestive diseases, including pathophysiology, obesity-related risk, and medical and metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Nam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastric Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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