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Luteijn RD, van Terwisga SR, Ver Eecke JE, Onia L, Zaver SA, Woodward JJ, Wubbolts RW, Raulet DH, van Kuppeveld FJM. The activation of the adaptor protein STING depends on its interactions with the phospholipid PI4P. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade3643. [PMID: 38470955 PMCID: PMC11003704 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident adaptor protein STING, a component of a cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, induces the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons (IFNs) and other proinflammatory factors. Because STING is activated at the Golgi apparatus, control of the localization and activation of STING is important in stimulating antiviral and antitumor immune responses. Through a genome-wide CRISPR interference screen, we found that STING activation required the Golgi-resident protein ACBD3, which promotes the generation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the trans-Golgi network, as well as other PI4P-associated proteins. Appropriate localization and activation of STING at the Golgi apparatus required ACBD3 and the PI4P-generating kinase PI4KB. In contrast, STING activation was enhanced when the lipid-shuttling protein OSBP, which removes PI4P from the Golgi apparatus, was inhibited by the US Food and Drug Administration-approved antifungal itraconazole. The increase in the abundance of STING-activating phospholipids at the trans-Golgi network resulted in the increased production of IFN-β and other cytokines in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, a mutant STING that could not bind to PI4P failed to traffic from the ER to the Golgi apparatus in response to a STING agonist, whereas forced relocalization of STING to PI4P-enriched areas elicited STING activation in the absence of stimulation with a STING agonist. Thus, PI4P is critical for STING activation, and manipulating PI4P abundance may therapeutically modulate STING-dependent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger D Luteijn
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sypke R van Terwisga
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jill E Ver Eecke
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Liberty Onia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shivam A Zaver
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua J Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard W Wubbolts
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - David H Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Plaça DR, Fonseca DLM, Marques AHC, Zaki Pour S, Usuda JN, Baiocchi GC, Prado CADS, Salgado RC, Filgueiras IS, Freire PP, Rocha V, Camara NOS, Catar R, Moll G, Jurisica I, Calich VLG, Giil LM, Rivino L, Ochs HD, Cabral-Miranda G, Schimke LF, Cabral-Marques O. Immunological signatures unveiled by integrative systems vaccinology characterization of dengue vaccination trials and natural infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1282754. [PMID: 38444851 PMCID: PMC10912564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1282754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue virus infection is a global health problem lacking specific therapy, requiring an improved understanding of DENV immunity and vaccine responses. Considering the recent emerging of new dengue vaccines, here we performed an integrative systems vaccinology characterization of molecular signatures triggered by the natural DENV infection (NDI) and attenuated dengue virus infection models (DVTs). Methods and results We analyzed 955 samples of transcriptomic datasets of patients with NDI and attenuated dengue virus infection trials (DVT1, DVT2, and DVT3) using a systems vaccinology approach. Differential expression analysis identified 237 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DVTs and NDI. Among them, 28 and 60 DEGs were up or downregulated by dengue vaccination during DVT2 and DVT3, respectively, with 20 DEGs intersecting across all three DVTs. Enriched biological processes of these genes included type I/II interferon signaling, cytokine regulation, apoptosis, and T-cell differentiation. Principal component analysis based on 20 common DEGs (overlapping between DVTs and our NDI validation dataset) distinguished dengue patients by disease severity, particularly in the late acute phase. Machine learning analysis ranked the ten most critical predictors of disease severity in NDI, crucial for the anti-viral immune response. Conclusion This work provides insights into the NDI and vaccine-induced overlapping immune response and suggests molecular markers (e.g., IFIT5, ISG15, and HERC5) for anti-dengue-specific therapies and effective vaccination development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Rodrigues Plaça
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H. C. Marques
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Shahab Zaki Pour
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Nakanishi Usuda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Crispim Baiocchi
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aliane de Souza Prado
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ranieri Coelho Salgado
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
- Fundação Pró-Sangue-Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Hematology, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Lúcia Garcia Calich
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lasse M. Giil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans D. Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cowell E, Jaber H, Kris LP, Fitzgerald MG, Sanders VM, Norbury AJ, Eyre NS, Carr JM. Vav proteins do not influence dengue virus replication but are associated with induction of phospho-ERK, IL-6, and viperin mRNA following DENV infection in vitro. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0239123. [PMID: 38054722 PMCID: PMC10782993 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02391-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dengue disease is characterized by an inflammatory-mediated immunopathology, with elevated levels of circulating factors including TNF-α and IL-6. If the damaging inflammatory pathways could be blocked without loss of antiviral responses or exacerbating viral replication, then this would be of potential therapeutic benefit. The study here has investigated the Vav guanine exchange factors as a potential alternative signaling pathway that may drive dengue virus (DENV)-induced inflammatory responses, with a focus on Vav1 and 2. While Vav proteins were positively associated with mRNA for inflammatory cytokines, blocking Vav signaling didn't affect DENV replication but prevented DENV-induction of p-ERK and enhanced IL-6 (inflammatory) and viperin (antiviral) mRNA. These initial data suggest that Vav proteins could be a target that does not compromise control of viral replication and should be investigated further for broader impact on host inflammatory responses, in settings such as antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangeline Cowell
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hawraa Jaber
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke P. Kris
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Madeleine G. Fitzgerald
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Valeria M. Sanders
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aidan J. Norbury
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas S. Eyre
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jillian M. Carr
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Wang S, Huang T, Xie Z, Wan L, Ren H, Wu T, Xie L, Luo S, Li M, Xie Z, Fan Q, Huang J, Zeng T, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wei Y. Transcriptomic and Translatomic Analyses Reveal Insights into the Signaling Pathways of the Innate Immune Response in the Spleens of SPF Chickens Infected with Avian Reovirus. Viruses 2023; 15:2346. [PMID: 38140587 PMCID: PMC10747248 DOI: 10.3390/v15122346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infection is prevalent in farmed poultry and causes viral arthritis and severe immunosuppression. The spleen plays a very important part in protecting hosts against infectious pathogens. In this research, transcriptome and translatome sequencing technology were combined to investigate the mechanisms of transcriptional and translational regulation in the spleen after ARV infection. On a genome-wide scale, ARV infection can significantly reduce the translation efficiency (TE) of splenic genes. Differentially expressed translational efficiency genes (DTEGs) were identified, including 15 upregulated DTEGs and 396 downregulated DTEGs. These DTEGs were mainly enriched in immune regulation signaling pathways, which indicates that ARV infection reduces the innate immune response in the spleen. In addition, combined analyses revealed that the innate immune response involves the effects of transcriptional and translational regulation. Moreover, we discovered the key gene IL4I1, the most significantly upregulated gene at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Further studies in DF1 cells showed that overexpression of IL4I1 could inhibit the replication of ARV, while inhibiting the expression of endogenous IL4I1 with siRNA promoted the replication of ARV. Overexpression of IL4I1 significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of IFN-β, LGP2, TBK1 and NF-κB; however, the expression of these genes was significantly upregulated after inhibition of IL4I1, suggesting that IL4I1 may be a negative feedback effect of innate immune signaling pathways. In addition, there may be an interaction between IL4I1 and ARV σA protein, and we speculate that the IL4I1 protein plays a regulatory role by interacting with the σA protein. This study not only provides a new perspective on the regulatory mechanisms of the innate immune response after ARV infection but also enriches the knowledge of the host defense mechanisms against ARV invasion and the outcome of ARV evasion of the host's innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Tengda Huang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Tian Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
| | - You Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, China; (S.W.); (L.W.); (H.R.); (L.X.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.F.); (J.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530000, China
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Jain S, Vimal N, Angmo N, Sengupta M, Thangaraj S. Dengue Vaccination: Towards a New Dawn of Curbing Dengue Infection. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:1096-1149. [PMID: 37962036 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2280698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) and is a serious global burden. Antibody-dependent enhancement and the ability of DENV to infect immune cells, along with other factors, lead to fatal Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome. This necessitates the development of a robust and efficient vaccine but vaccine development faces a number of hurdles. In this review, we look at the epidemiology, genome structure and cellular targets of DENV and elaborate upon the immune responses generated by human immune system against DENV infection. The review further sheds light on various challenges in development of a potent vaccine against DENV which is followed by presenting a current account of different vaccines which are being developed or have been licensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Independent Researcher, Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, India
| | - Neha Vimal
- Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nilza Angmo
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madhumita Sengupta
- Janki Devi Bajaj Government Girls College, University of Kota, Kota, India
| | - Suraj Thangaraj
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Government Medical College, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Ambajogai, India
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Das B, Samal S, Hamdi H, Pal A, Biswas A, Behera J, Singh G, Behera CK, Sahoo DP, Pati S. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related unfolded protein response and its implications in dengue virus infection for biomarker development. Life Sci 2023; 329:121982. [PMID: 37517582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes debilitating disease in humans, which varies at different rates in host cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, and other cell types. Such heterogeneity in DENV infection in cells could be attributed to a range of factors, including host cell immune response, anti-viral cellular proteins, and virus mediated cellular autophagy. This review delineates an important feature of every cell, the unfolded protein response (UPR) that is attributed to the accumulation of several viral and unfolded/misfolded proteins, such as in DENV infection. UPR is a normal process to counteract endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that leads to cell autophagy; though the phenomenon is markedly upregulated during DENV infection. This could be attributed to the uncontrolled activation of the key UPR signaling pathways: inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1 (IRE1), protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), which promote cell autophagy under normal and diseased conditions through the downstream regulation of apoptosis promoting factors such as X-box binding protein (XBP1), GADD34, and ATF-6. Because DENV can modulate these signaling cascades, by promoting dysregulated cell autophagy, the ER stress mediated UPR pathways and the inherent agents could play an important role in delineating the severity of dengue infection with a potential for developing DENV targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Das
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
| | - Sagnika Samal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Hamida Hamdi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditi Pal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Arpita Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Jyotika Behera
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Gyanraj Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT-DU, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Behera
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT-DU, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Debee Prasad Sahoo
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Regional Medical Research Centre-ICMR, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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Nonyong P, Ekalaksananan T, Phanthanawiboon S, Overgaard HJ, Alexander N, Thaewnongiew K, Sawaswong V, Nimsamer P, Payungporn S, Phadungsombat J, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Pientong C. Intrahost Genetic Diversity of Dengue Virus in Human Hosts and Mosquito Vectors under Natural Conditions Which Impact Replicative Fitness In Vitro. Viruses 2023; 15:982. [PMID: 37112962 PMCID: PMC10143933 DOI: 10.3390/v15040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus whose transmission cycle involves disparate hosts: humans and mosquitoes. The error-prone nature of viral RNA replication drives the high mutation rates, and the consequently high genetic diversity affects viral fitness over this transmission cycle. A few studies have been performed to investigate the intrahost genetic diversity between hosts, although their mosquito infections were performed artificially in the laboratory setting. Here, we performed whole-genome deep sequencing of DENV-1 (n = 11) and DENV-4 (n = 13) derived from clinical samples and field-caught mosquitoes from the houses of naturally infected patients, in order to analyze the intrahost genetic diversity of DENV between host types. Prominent differences in DENV intrahost diversity were observed in the viral population structure between DENV-1 and DENV-4, which appear to be associated with differing selection pressures. Interestingly, three single amino acid substitutions in the NS2A (K81R), NS3 (K107R), and NS5 (I563V) proteins in DENV-4 appear to be specifically acquired during infection in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Our in vitro study shows that the NS2A (K81R) mutant replicates similarly to the wild-type infectious clone-derived virus, while the NS3 (K107R), and NS5 (I563V) mutants have prolonged replication kinetics in the early phase in both Vero and C6/36 cells. These findings suggest that DENV is subjected to selection pressure in both mosquito and human hosts. The NS3 and NS5 genes may be specific targets of diversifying selection that play essential roles in early processing, RNA replication, and infectious particle production, and they are potentially adaptive at the population level during host switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharaporn Nonyong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.N.); (T.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.N.); (T.E.); (S.P.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supranee Phanthanawiboon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.N.); (T.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Hans J. Overgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Neal Alexander
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Kesorn Thaewnongiew
- Department of Disease Control, Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Region 7 Khon Kaen, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand;
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Pattaraporn Nimsamer
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.N.); (S.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Phadungsombat
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (E.E.N.)
| | - Emi E. Nakayama
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (E.E.N.)
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (E.E.N.)
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.N.); (T.E.); (S.P.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Wang J, Chen KY, Wang SH, Liu Y, Zhao YQ, Yang L, Yang GH, Wang XJ, Zhu YH, Yin JH, Wang JF. Effects of Spatial Expression of Activating Transcription Factor 4 on the Pathogenicity of Two Phenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Regulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Autophagy Process. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0422522. [PMID: 36939351 PMCID: PMC10101076 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04225-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a highly conserved stress-defense mechanism and activates the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) to mitigate imbalance. The ER stress-activated signaling pathways can also trigger autophagy to facilitate cellular repair. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) utilizes the host cellular ER as the primary site of the life cycle. However, the interplay between cellular ER stress and BVDV replication remains unclear. This report reveals that cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV have distinct strategies to regulate UPR mechanisms and ER stress-mediated autophagy for their own benefit. Immunoblot analysis revealed that cp and ncp BVDV differentially regulated the abundance of ER chaperone GRP78 for viral replication, while the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway of the UPR was switched on at different stages of infection. Pretreatment with ER stress inducer promoted virion replication, but RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of ATF4 in BVDV-infected cells significantly attenuated BVDV infectivity titers. More importantly, the effector ATF4 activated by cp BVDV infection translocated into the nucleus to mediate autophagy, but ATF4 was retained in the cytoplasm during ncp BVDV infection. In addition, we found that cp BVDV core protein was localized in the ER to induce ER stress-mediated autophagy. Overall, the potential therapeutic target ATF4 may contribute to the global eradication campaign of BVDV. IMPORTANCE The ER-tropic viruses hijack the host cellular ER as the replication platform of the life cycle, which can lead to strong ER stress. The UPR and related transcriptional cascades triggered by ER stress play a crucial role in viral replication and pathogenesis, but little is known about these underlying mechanisms. Here, we report that cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV use different strategies to reprogram the cellular UPR and ER stress-mediated autophagy for their own advantage. The cytopathic BVDV unconventionally downregulated the expression level of GRP78, creating perfect conditions for self-replication via the UPR, and the noncytopathic BVDV retained ATF4 in the cytoplasm to provide an advantage for its persistent infection. Our findings provide new insights into exploring how BVDV and other ER-tropic viruses reprogram the UPR signaling pathway in the host cells for replication and reveal the attractive host target ATF4 for new antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Yuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Wang
- OIE Porcine-Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Qing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Hong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-hua Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Jiu-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Pujhari S, Heu CC, Brustolin M, Johnson RM, Kim D, Rasgon JL. Sindbis virus is suppressed in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti by ATG-6/Beclin-1 mediated activation of autophagy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.02.526867. [PMID: 36778292 PMCID: PMC9915692 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical modulator of pathogen invasion response in vertebrates and invertebrates. However, how it affects mosquito-borne viral pathogens that significantly burden public health remains underexplored. To address this gap, we use a genetic approach to activate macroautophagy/autophagy in the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), infected with a recombinant Sindbis virus (SINV) expressing an autophagy activator. We first demonstrate a 17-amino acid peptide derived from the Ae. aegypti autophagy-related protein 6 (ATG-6/beclin-1-like protein) is sufficient to induce autophagy in C6/36 mosquito cells, as marked by lipidation of ATG-8 and puncta formation. Next, we engineered a recombinant SINV expressing this bioactive beclin-1-like peptide and used it to infect and induce autophagy in adult mosquitoes. We find that modulation of autophagy using this recombinant SINV negatively regulated production of infectious viruses. The results from this study improve our understanding of the role of autophagy in arboviruses in invertebrate hosts and also highlight the potential for the autophagy pathway to be exploited for arboviral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Pujhari
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Chan C. Heu
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Marco Brustolin
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rebecca M. Johnson
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
| | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Vector Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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10
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Lin MH, Li D, Tang B, Li L, Suhrbier A, Harrich D. Defective Interfering Particles with Broad-Acting Antiviral Activity for Dengue, Zika, Yellow Fever, Respiratory Syncytial and SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0394922. [PMID: 36445148 PMCID: PMC9769664 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03949-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 arboviruses, almost all of which have an RNA genome, cause disease in humans. RNA viruses are causing unprecedented health system challenges worldwide, many with little or no specific therapies or vaccines available. Certain species of mosquito can carry dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), where co-infection of these viruses has occurred. Here, we found that purified synthetic defective interfering particles (DIPs) derived from DENV type 2 (DENV-2) strongly suppressed replication of the aforementioned viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and also the novel emerging virus SARS-CoV-2 in human cells. DENV DIPs produced in bioreactors, purified by column chromatography, and concentrated are virus-like particles that are about half the diameter of a typical DENV particle, but with similar ratios of the viral structural proteins envelope and capsid. Overall, DIP-treated cells inhibited DENV, ZIKV, YFV, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 by at least 98% by mechanisms which included interferon (IFN)-dependent cellular antiviral responses. IMPORTANCE DIPs are spontaneously derived virus mutants with deletions in genes that block viral replication. DIPs play important roles in modulation of viral disease, innate immune responses, virus persistence and virus evolution. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of highly purified synthetic DIPs derived from DENV, which were produced in bioreactors. DENV DIPs purified by column chromatography strongly inhibited five different RNA viruses, including DENV, ZIKV, YFV, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 in human cells. DENV DIPs inhibited virus replication via delivery of a small, noninfectious viral RNA that activated cellular innate immunity, resulting in robust type 1 interferon responses. The work here presents a pathway for DIP production which is adaptable to Good Manufacturing Practice, so that their preclinical testing should be suitable for evaluation in subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsuan Lin
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Harrich
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Morodomi Y, Kanaji S, Sullivan BM, Zarpellon A, Orje JN, Won E, Shapiro R, Yang XL, Ruf W, Schimmel P, Ruggeri ZM, Kanaji T. Inflammatory platelet production stimulated by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mimicking viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212659119. [PMID: 36409883 PMCID: PMC9860251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212659119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a role not only in hemostasis and thrombosis, but also in inflammation and innate immunity. We previously reported that an activated form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRSACT) has an extratranslational activity that enhances megakaryopoiesis and platelet production in mice. Here, we report that YRSACT mimics inflammatory stress inducing a unique megakaryocyte (MK) population with stem cell (Sca1) and myeloid (F4/80) markers through a mechanism dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. This mimicry of inflammatory stress by YRSACT was studied in mice infected by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Using Sca1/EGFP transgenic mice, we demonstrated that IFN-I induced by YRSACT or LCMV infection suppressed normal hematopoiesis while activating an alternative pathway of thrombopoiesis. Platelets of inflammatory origin (Sca1/EGFP+) were a relevant proportion of those circulating during recovery from thrombocytopenia. Analysis of these "inflammatory" MKs and platelets suggested their origin in myeloid/MK-biased hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that bypassed the classical MK-erythroid progenitor (MEP) pathway to replenish platelets and promote recovery from thrombocytopenia. Notably, inflammatory platelets displayed enhanced agonist-induced activation and procoagulant activities. Moreover, myeloid/MK-biased progenitors and MKs were mobilized from the bone marrow, as evidenced by their presence in the lung microvasculature within fibrin-containing microthrombi. Our results define the function of YRSACT in platelet generation and contribute to elucidate platelet alterations in number and function during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Sachiko Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Brian M. Sullivan
- Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | | | - Jennifer N. Orje
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- MERU-VasImmune, Inc., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Eric Won
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA92123
| | - Ryan Shapiro
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128Germany
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Paul Schimmel
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Zaverio M. Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- MERU-VasImmune, Inc., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Taisuke Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
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Lan CJ, Sun AJ, Liu QM, Shi QM, Guo XX, Dan-Xing, Zhang HD, Dong YD, Li CX, Zhao TY. Screening and analysis of immune-related genes of Aedes aegypti infected with DENV2. Acta Trop 2022;:106698. [PMID: 36162456 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus type Ⅱ (DENV2) is a primary serotype responsible for the dengue fever epidemic, and Aedes aegypti is the main DENV2 vector. Understanding the Aedes aegypti immune mechanism against DENV2 is the basis for research on immune blockade in mosquitoes. Some preliminary studies lack validation in the literature, so this study was performed to further study and validate the potential target genes to provide a further basis for screening key target genes. We screened 51 genes possibly related to Aedes aegypti infection and immunity from the literature for further verification. First, bioinformatic methods such as GO, KEGG and PPI analysis were used, and then RT-qPCR was used to detect the changes in mRNA expression in the midguts and salivary glands of Aedes aegypti infected with DENV2.Bioinformatic analysis showed that mostly genes of the glucose metabolism pathway and myoprotein were influenced. In salivary glands, the Gst (xa) and Toll (xb) expression levels were significantly correlated with DENV2 load (y, lg[DENV2 RNA copies]), y = -3436xa+0.2287xb+3.8194 (adjusted R2 = 0.5563, F = 9.148, PF = 0.0045). In midguts, DENV2 load was significantly correlated with the relative Fba(R2 = 0.4381, t = 2.497, p < 0.05, df = 8), UcCr(R2 = 0.4072, t = 2.344, p < 0.05, df = 8) and Gbps1(R2 = 0.4678, t = 2.652, p < 0.05, df = 8) expression levels, but multiple regression did not yield significant results. This study shows that genes related to glucose metabolism and muscle proteins contribute to the interaction between Aedes aegypti and dengue virus. It was confirmed that SAAG-4, histone H4, endoplasmin, catalase and other genes are involved in the regulation of DENV2 infection in Aedes aegypti. It was revealed that GST and Toll in salivary glands may have antagonistic effects on the regulation of DENV2 load. Fba, UcCr and Gbps1 in the midgut may increase DENV2 load. These study results further condensed the potential target gene range of the Aedes aegypti immune mechanism against DENV2 infection and provided basic information for research on the Aedes aegypti in vivo blockade strategy against DENV2.
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Wang S, Wan L, Ren H, Xie Z, Xie L, Huang J, Deng X, Xie Z, Luo S, Li M, Zeng T, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Screening of interferon-stimulated genes against avian reovirus infection and mechanistic exploration of the antiviral activity of IFIT5. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998505. [PMID: 36187980 PMCID: PMC9520478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infection can lead to severe immunosuppression, complications, and secondary diseases, causing immense economic losses to the poultry industry. In-depth study of the mechanism by which the innate immune system combats ARV infection, especially the antiviral effect mediated by interferon, is needed to prevent and contain ARV infection. In this study, ARV strain S1133 was used to artificially infect 7-day-old specific pathogen–free chickens. The results indicated that ARV rapidly proliferated in the immune organs, including the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus. The viral load peaked early in the infection and led to varying degrees of pathological damage to tissues and organs. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the mRNA levels of interferon and multiple interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus were upregulated to varying degrees in the early stage of infection. Among the ISGs, IFIT5, and Mx were the most upregulated in various tissues and organs, suggesting that they are important ISGs for host resistance to ARV infection. Further investigation of the role of IFIT5 in ARV infection showed that overexpression of the IFIT5 gene inhibited ARV replication, whereas inhibition of the endogenously expressed IFIT5 gene by siRNA promoted ARV replication. IFIT5 may be a positive feedback regulator of the innate immune signaling pathways during ARV infection and may induce IFN-α production by promoting the expression of MAD5 and MAVS to exert its antiviral effect. The results of this study help explain the innate immune regulatory mechanism of ARV infection and reveal the important role of IFIT5 in inhibiting ARV replication, which has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the prevention and control of ARV infection.
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14
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Li Q, Kang C. Dengue virus NS4B protein as a target for developing antivirals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:959727. [PMID: 36017362 PMCID: PMC9398000 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.959727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is an important pathogen affecting global population while no specific treatment is available against this virus. Effort has been made to develop inhibitors through targeting viral nonstructural proteins such as NS3 and NS5 with enzymatic activities. No potent inhibitors entering clinical studies have been developed so far due to many challenges. The genome of dengue virus encodes four membrane-bound nonstructural proteins which do not possess any enzymatic activities. Studies have shown that the membrane protein-NS4B is a validated target for drug discovery and several NS4B inhibitors exhibited antiviral activities in various assays and entered preclinical studies.. Here, we summarize the recent studies on dengue NS4B protein. The structure and membrane topology of dengue NS4B derived from biochemical and biophysical studies are described. Function of NS4B through protein-protein interactions and some available NS4B inhibitors are summarized. Accumulated studies demonstrated that cell-based assays play important roles in developing NS4B inhibitors. Although the atomic structure of NS4B is not obtained, target-based drug discovery approach become feasible to develop NS4B inhibitors as recombinant NS4B protein is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingxin Li, ; Congbao Kang,
| | - Congbao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Qingxin Li, ; Congbao Kang,
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15
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Yousefi M, Lee WS, Yan B, Cui L, Yong CL, Yap X, Tay KSL, Qiao W, Tan D, Nurazmi NI, Linster M, Smith GJD, Lee YH, Carette JE, Ooi EE, Chan KR, Ooi YS. TMEM41B and VMP1 modulate cellular lipid and energy metabolism for facilitating dengue virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010763. [PMID: 35939522 PMCID: PMC9387935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane Protein 41B (TMEM41B) and Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) are two ER-associated lipid scramblases that play a role in autophagosome formation and cellular lipid metabolism. TMEM41B is also a recently validated host factor required by flaviviruses and coronaviruses. However, the exact underlying mechanism of TMEM41B in promoting viral infections remains an open question. Here, we validated that both TMEM41B and VMP1 are essential host dependency factors for all four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), but not chikungunya virus (CHIKV). While HCoV-OC43 failed to replicate entirely in both TMEM41B- and VMP1-deficient cells, we detected diminished levels of DENV infections in these cell lines, which were accompanied by upregulation of the innate immune dsRNA sensors, RIG-I and MDA5. Nonetheless, this upregulation did not correspondingly induce the downstream effector TBK1 activation and Interferon-beta expression. Despite low levels of DENV replication, classical DENV replication organelles were undetectable in the infected TMEM41B-deficient cells, suggesting that the upregulation of the dsRNA sensors is likely a consequence of aberrant viral replication rather than a causal factor for reduced DENV infection. Intriguingly, we uncovered that the inhibitory effect of TMEM41B deficiency on DENV replication, but not HCoV-OC43, can be partially reversed using exogenous fatty acid supplements. In contrast, VMP1 deficiency cannot be rescued using the metabolite treatment. In line with the observed phenotypes, we found that both TMEM41B- and VMP1-deficient cells harbor higher levels of compromised mitochondria, especially in VMP1 deficiency which results in severe dysregulations of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Using a metabolomic profiling approach, we revealed distinctive global dysregulations of the cellular metabolome, particularly lipidome, in TMEM41B- and VMP1-deficient cells. Our findings highlight a central role for TMEM41B and VMP1 in modulating multiple cellular pathways, including lipid mobilization, mitochondrial beta-oxidation, and global metabolic regulations, to facilitate the replication of flaviviruses and coronaviruses. Given the concerns over potential global health burdens imposed by endless emerging and re-emerging viruses as well as the limited therapeutic options to intervene, host-directed therapeutics can serve as a promising approach to broadly prepare for future pandemics. TMEM41B and VMP1 have been demonstrated as essential host factors for at least two unrelated groups of clinically important RNA viruses with outbreak potential. Therefore these ER membrane proteins could potentially serve as cellular targets for developing host-directed therapeutics. However, the effort must be first supported by a comprehensive understanding of their function in viral infection. Here, we dissected the role of TMEM41B and VMP1 in dengue virus infection, showing that both these proteins are crucial for the normal functionality of mitochondria and the regulation of cellular metabolites. We further provided evidence that these metabolic roles contribute to TMEM41B and VMP1 essentiality in dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Yousefi
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Suet Lee
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Biaoguo Yan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Cui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cythia Lingli Yong
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yap
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwan Sing Leona Tay
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dewei Tan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Insyirah Nurazmi
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Linster
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin J. D. Smith
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yie Hou Lee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- KK Research Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan E. Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (EEO); (KRC); (YSO)
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (EEO); (KRC); (YSO)
| | - Yaw Shin Ooi
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (EEO); (KRC); (YSO)
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16
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Abesamis LMI, Aliping EGA, Armada FKGH, Danao MF, del Valle PDB, Regencia ZJG, Baja ES, Ligsay AD. In Silico Comparative Analysis of Predicted B Cell Epitopes against Dengue Virus (Serotypes 1–4) Isolated from the Philippines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1259. [PMID: 36016147 PMCID: PMC9415047 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral mosquito-borne disease that rapidly spreads in tropical and subtropical countries, including the Philippines. One of its most distinguishing characteristics is the ability of the Dengue Virus (DENV) to easily surpass the innate responses of the body, thus activating B cells of the adaptive immunity to produce virus-specific antibodies. Moreover, Dengvaxia® is the only licensed vaccine for DENV, but recent studies showed that seronegative individuals become prone to increased disease severity and hospitalization. Owing to this limitation of the dengue vaccine, this study determined and compared consensus and unique B cell epitopes among each DENV (1–4) Philippine isolate to identify potential areas of interest for future vaccine studies and therapeutic developments. An in silico-based epitope prediction of forty (40) DENV 1–4 strains, each serotype represented by ten (10) sequences from The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), was conducted using Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity, Emini surface accessibility, and Parker hydrophilicity prediction in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Results showed that five (5) epitopes were consensus for DENV-1 with no detected unique epitope, one (1) consensus epitope for DENV-2 with two (2) unique epitopes, one (1) consensus epitope for DENV-3 plus two (2) unique epitopes, and two (2) consensus epitopes and one (1) unique epitope for DENV-4. The findings of this study would contribute to determining potential vaccine and diagnostic marker candidates for further research studies and immunological applications against DENV (1–4) Philippine isolates.
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Abstract
The cytokine storm (CS) in hyperinflammation is characterized by high levels of cytokines, extreme activation of innate as well as adaptive immune cells and initiation of apoptosis. High levels of apoptotic cells overwhelm the proper recognition and removal system of these cells. Phosphatidylserine on the apoptotic cell surface, which normally provides a recognition signal for removal, becomes a target for hemostatic proteins and secretory phospholipase A2. The dysregulation of these normal pathways in hemostasis and the inflammasome result in a prothrombotic state, cellular death, and end-organ damage. In this review, we provide the argument that this imbalance in recognition and removal is a common denominator regardless of the inflammatory trigger. The complex reaction of the immune defense system in hyperinflammation leads to self-inflicted damage. This common endpoint may provide additional options to monitor the progression of the inflammatory syndrome, predict severity, and may add to possible treatment strategies.
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18
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da Costa RA, da Rocha JAP, Pinheiro AS, da Costa ADSS, da Rocha ECM, Silva RC, Gonçalves ADS, Santos CBR, Brasil DDSB. A Computational Approach Applied to the Study of Potential Allosteric Inhibitors Protease NS2B/NS3 from Dengue Virus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134118. [PMID: 35807364 PMCID: PMC9268547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a danger to more than 400 million people in the world, and there is no specific treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop an effective method to combat this pathology. NS2B/NS3 protease is an important biological target due it being necessary for viral replication and the fact that it promotes the spread of the infection. Thus, this study aimed to design DENV NS2B/NS3pro allosteric inhibitors from a matrix compound. The search was conducted using the Swiss Similarity tool. The compounds were subjected to molecular docking calculations, molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and free energy calculations. The molecular docking results showed that two compounds, ZINC000001680989 and ZINC000001679427, were promising and performed important hydrogen interactions with the Asn152, Leu149 and Ala164 residues, showing the same interactions obtained in the literature. In the MD, the results indicated that five residues, Lys74, Leu76, Asn152, Leu149 and Ala166, contribute to the stability of the ligand at the allosteric site for all of the simulated systems. Hydrophobic, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions had significant effects on binding affinity. Physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, water solubility, pharmacokinetics, druglikeness and medicinal chemistry were evaluated for four compounds that were more promising, showed negative indices for the potential penetration of the Blood Brain Barrier and expressed high human intestinal absorption, indicating a low risk of central nervous system depression or drowsiness as the the side effects. The compound ZINC000006694490 exhibited an alert with a plausible level of toxicity for the purine base chemical moiety, indicating hepatotoxicity and chromosome damage in vivo in mouse, rat and human organisms. All of the compounds selected in this study showed a synthetic accessibility (SA) score lower than 4, suggesting the ease of new syntheses. The results corroborate with other studies in the literature, and the computational approach used here can contribute to the discovery of new and potent anti-dengue agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato A. da Costa
- Graduate Program in Science and Environment, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (A.d.S.S.d.C.); (D.d.S.B.B.)
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará Campus Castanhal, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-985484622
| | - João A. P. da Rocha
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará—Campus Bragança, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (J.A.P.d.R.); (E.C.M.d.R.)
| | - Alan S. Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Science and Environment, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (A.d.S.S.d.C.); (D.d.S.B.B.)
| | - Andréia do S. S. da Costa
- Graduate Program in Science and Environment, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (A.d.S.S.d.C.); (D.d.S.B.B.)
| | - Elaine C. M. da Rocha
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará—Campus Bragança, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (J.A.P.d.R.); (E.C.M.d.R.)
| | - Rai. C. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil;
| | - Arlan da S. Gonçalves
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espírito Santo, Vila Velha 29106-010, ES, Brazil;
| | - Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil;
| | - Davi do S. B. Brasil
- Graduate Program in Science and Environment, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (A.d.S.S.d.C.); (D.d.S.B.B.)
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Xia X, Cheng A, Wang M, Ou X, Sun D, Mao S, Huang J, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhu D, Jia R, Liu M, Zhao XX, Gao Q, Tian B. Functions of Viroporins in the Viral Life Cycle and Their Regulation of Host Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890549. [PMID: 35720341 PMCID: PMC9202500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viroporins are virally encoded transmembrane proteins that are essential for viral pathogenicity and can participate in various stages of the viral life cycle, thereby promoting viral proliferation. Viroporins have multifaceted effects on host cell biological functions, including altering cell membrane permeability, triggering inflammasome formation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and evading immune responses, thereby ensuring that the virus completes its life cycle. Viroporins are also virulence factors, and their complete or partial deletion often reduces virion release and reduces viral pathogenicity, highlighting the important role of these proteins in the viral life cycle. Thus, viroporins represent a common drug-protein target for inhibiting drugs and the development of antiviral therapies. This article reviews current studies on the functions of viroporins in the viral life cycle and their regulation of host cell responses, with the aim of improving the understanding of this growing family of viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
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20
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Castro-Jiménez TK, Gómez-Legorreta LC, López-Campa LA, Martínez-Torres V, Alvarado-Silva M, Posadas-Mondragón A, Díaz-Lima N, Angulo-Mendez HA, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Vaca-Paniagua F, Ávila-Moreno F, García-Cordero J, Cedillo-Barrón L, Aguilar-Ruíz SR, Bustos-Arriaga J. Variability in Susceptibility to Type I Interferon Response and Subgenomic RNA Accumulation Between Clinical Isolates of Dengue and Zika Virus From Oaxaca Mexico Correlate With Replication Efficiency in Human Cells and Disease Severity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:890750. [PMID: 35800385 PMCID: PMC9254156 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.890750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and Zika viruses cocirculate annually in endemic areas of Mexico, causing outbreaks of different magnitude and severity every year, suggesting a continuous selection of Flavivirus variants with variable phenotypes of transmissibility and virulence. To evaluate if Flavivirus variants with different phenotypes cocirculate during outbreaks, we isolated dengue and Zika viruses from blood samples of febrile patients from Oaxaca City during the 2016 and 2019 epidemic years. We compared their replication kinetics in human cells, susceptibility to type I interferon antiviral response, and the accumulation of subgenomic RNA on infected cells. We observed correlations between type I interferon susceptibility and subgenomic RNA accumulation, with high hematocrit percentage and thrombocytopenia. Our results suggest that Flaviviruses that cocirculate in Oaxaca, Mexico, have variable sensitivity to the antiviral activity of type I interferons, and this phenotypic trait correlates with the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannya Karen Castro-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Inmunología de arbovirus, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Laura Cristina Gómez-Legorreta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Inmunología de arbovirus, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Laura Alejandra López-Campa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Inmunología de arbovirus, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Valeria Martínez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Inmunología de arbovirus, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Marcos Alvarado-Silva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Inmunología de arbovirus, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Araceli Posadas-Mondragón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Inmunología de arbovirus, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Nancy R. Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Roberto Aguilar-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía de la Universidad Autónoma ‘Benito Juárez’ de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - José Bustos-Arriaga
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Inmunología de arbovirus, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- *Correspondence: José Bustos-Arriaga,
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21
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Tan CH, Hapuarachchi HC, Tan LK, Wong PSJ, Li MZI, Wong WY, Ng LC. Lineage Replacement Associated with Fitness Gain in Mammalian Cells and Aedes aegypti: A Catalyst for Dengue Virus Type 2 Transmission. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1100. [PMID: 35744618 PMCID: PMC9231088 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifting of virus serotypes and clade replacement events are known to drive dengue epidemics. However, only a few studies have attempted to elucidate the virus attributes that contribute to such epidemics. In 2007, Singapore experienced a dengue outbreak affecting more than 8000 individuals. The outbreak ensued with the shuffling of dominant clades (from clade I to clade II) of Dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) cosmopolitan genotype, at a time when the Aedes premise index was significantly low. Therefore, we hypothesized that clade II had higher epidemic potential and fitness than clade I. To test this hypothesis, we tested the replication and apoptotic qualities of clade I and II isolates in mammalian cells and their ability to infect and disseminate in a field strain of Ae. Aegypti. Our findings indicated that clade II replicated more efficiently in mammalian cells than clade I and possessed higher transmission potential in local vectors. This could collectively improve the epidemic potential of clade II, which dominated during the outbreak in 2007. The findings exemplify complex interactions between the emergence, adaptation and transmission potential of DENV, and testify the epidemiological importance of a deeper understanding of virus and vector dynamics in endemic regions.
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22
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Strother AE, Thompson JK, Widen SG, Barrett ADT. Genetic Diversity Does Not Contribute to Attenuation of HeLa Passaged Wild-Type Yellow Fever Virus Strain French Viscerotropic Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:527. [PMID: 35336933 PMCID: PMC8949127 DOI: 10.3390/v14030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease yellow fever was prevented by two live attenuated vaccines, strains 17D and French neurotropic vaccine (FNV), derived by serial passage of wild-type (WT) strains Asibi and French Viscerotropic virus (FVV), respectively. Both 17D and FNV displayed decreased genetic diversity and resistance to the antiviral Ribavirin compared to their WT parental strains, which are thought to contribute to their attenuated phenotypes. Subsequent studies found that only a few passages of WT strain FVV in HeLa cells resulted in an attenuated virus. In the current study, the genome sequence of FVV following five passages in HeLa cells (FVV HeLa p5) was determined through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with the aim to investigate the molecular basis of viral attenuation. It was found that WT FVV and FVV HeLa p5 virus differed by five amino acid substitutions: E-D155A, E-K331R, E-I412V, NS2A-T105A, and NS4B-V98I. Surprisingly, the genetic diversity and Ribavirin resistance of the FVV HeLa p5 virus were not statistically different to WT parent FVV. These findings suggest that while FVV HeLa p5 is attenuated, this is not dependent on a high-fidelity replication complex, characterized by reduced genetic diversity or increased Ribavirin stability, as seen with FNV and 17D vaccines.
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Chawla K, Subramanian G, Rahman T, Fan S, Chakravarty S, Gujja S, Demchak H, Chakravarti R, Chattopadhyay S. Autophagy in Virus Infection: A Race between Host Immune Response and Viral Antagonism. Immuno 2022; 2:153-169. [PMID: 35252965 PMCID: PMC8893043 DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-infected cells trigger a robust innate immune response and facilitate virus replication. Here, we review the role of autophagy in virus infection, focusing on both pro-viral and anti-viral host responses using a select group of viruses. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway operated at the basal level to maintain homeostasis and is induced by external stimuli for specific functions. The degradative function of autophagy is considered a cellular anti-viral immune response. However, autophagy is a double-edged sword in viral infection; viruses often benefit from it, and the infected cells can also use it to inhibit viral replication. In addition to viral regulation, autophagy pathway proteins also function in autophagy-independent manners to regulate immune responses. Since viruses have co-evolved with hosts, they have developed ways to evade the anti-viral autophagic responses of the cells. Some of these mechanisms are also covered in our review. Lastly, we conclude with the thought that autophagy can be targeted for therapeutic interventions against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Chawla
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Gayatri Subramanian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Tia Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Shumin Fan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sukanya Chakravarty
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Shreyas Gujja
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Hayley Demchak
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Li Y. The Regulation of Integrated Stress Response Signaling Pathway on Viral Infection and Viral Antagonism. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:814635. [PMID: 35222313 PMCID: PMC8874136 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.814635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is an adaptational signaling pathway induced in response to different stimuli, such as accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins, hypoxia, amino acid deprivation, viral infection, and ultraviolet light. It has been known that viral infection can activate the ISR, but the role of the ISR during viral infection is still unclear. In some cases, the ISR is a protective mechanism of host cells against viral infection, while viruses may hijack the ISR for facilitating their replication. This review highlighted recent advances on the induction of the ISR upon viral infection and the downstream responses, such as autophagy, apoptosis, formation of stress granules, and innate immunity response. We then discussed the molecular mechanism of the ISR regulating viral replication and how viruses antagonize this cellular stress response resulting from the ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanmin Li,
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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25
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Huerta V, Ramos Y. Isolation and Identification of Dengue Virus Interactome with Human Plasma Proteins by Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2409:133-153. [PMID: 34709640 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1879-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Viral proteins evolve to benefit the interaction with host proteins during the infection and replication processes. A comprehensive understanding of virus interactome with host proteins may thus lead to the identification of molecular targets for infection inhibition. We present a procedure for isolating and identifying the dengue virus interactome with human plasma proteins. It comprises the fractionation of human plasma by anion exchange chromatography, followed by affinity purification and mass spectrometry identification of the captured proteins. This procedure was applied to the characterization of the interactions of the four serotypes of dengue virus with human plasma proteins, mediated by the domain III of the envelope protein of the virus. The resulting interactome comprises 62 proteins, six of which were validated as new direct interactions of the virus with its human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Huerta
- Division of System Biology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Division of System Biology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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26
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Reguzova A, Fischer N, Müller M, Salomon F, Jaenisch T, Amann R. A Novel Orf Virus D1701-VrV-Based Dengue Virus (DENV) Vaccine Candidate Expressing HLA-Specific T Cell Epitopes: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121862. [PMID: 34944678 PMCID: PMC8698572 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dengue virus (DENV) affects almost half of the world’s population there are neither preventive treatments nor any long-lasting and protective vaccines available at this time. The complexity of the protective immune response to DENV is still not fully understood. The most advanced vaccine candidates focus specifically on humoral immune responses and the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. However, results from several recent studies have revealed the protective role of T cells in the immune response to DENV. Hence, in this study, we generated a novel and potent DENV vaccine candidate based on an Orf virus (ORFV, genus Parapoxvirus) vector platform engineered to encode five highly conserved or cross-reactive DENV human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02- or HLA-B*07-restricted epitopes as minigenes (ORFV-DENV). We showed that ORFV-DENV facilitates the in vitro priming of CD8+ T cells from healthy blood donors based on responses to each of the encoded immunogenic peptides. Moreover, we demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from clinically confirmed DENV-positive donors stimulated with ORFV-DENV generate cytotoxic T cell responses to at least three of the expressed DENV peptides. Finally, we showed that ORFV-DENV could activate CD8+ T cells isolated from donors who had recovered from Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. ZIKV belongs to the same virus family (Flaviviridae) and has epitope sequences that are homologous to those of DENV. We found that highly conserved HLA-B*07-restricted ZIKV and DENV epitopes induced functional CD8+ T cell responses in PBMCs isolated from confirmed ZIKV-positive donors. In summary, this proof-of-concept study characterizes a promising new ORFV D1701-VrV-based DENV vaccine candidate that induces broad and functional epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Reguzova
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.R.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Nico Fischer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) & Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.F.); (T.J.)
| | - Melanie Müller
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.R.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Ferdinand Salomon
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.R.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) & Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.F.); (T.J.)
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.R.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-707-1298-7614
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27
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Qin Z, Chen Y, Yu J, He X, Liu X, Zhu L, Wu Q, Wan C, Zhang B, Zhao W. Rapid Construction of an Infectious Clone of the Zika Virus, Strain ZKC2. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:752578. [PMID: 34745057 PMCID: PMC8567171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has had detrimental effects on global public health in recent years. This is because the management of the disease has been limited, in part because its pathogenic mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Infectious clones are an important tool that utilize reverse genetics; these can be used to modify the ZIKV genomic RNA at the DNA level. A homologous recombination clone was used to construct pWSK29, a low copy plasmid that contained sequences for a T7 promoter, the whole genome of ZIKV ZKC2 strain, and a hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. High fidelity PCR was then used to amplify the T7 transcription template. The transcript was then transfected into susceptible cells via lipofection to recover the ZIKV ZKC2 strain. Finally, the virulence of rZKC2 was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The rZKC2 was successfully obtained and it showed the same virulence as its parent, the ZIKV ZKC2 strain (pZKC2), both in vitro and in vivo. The 3730 (NS2A-D62G) mutation site was identified as being important, since it had significant impacts on rZKC2 recovery. The 4015 (NS2A, A157V) mutation may reduce virus production by increasing the interferon type I response. In this study, one of the earliest strains of ZIKV that was imported into China was used for infectious clone construction and one possible site for antiviral medication development was discovered. The use of homologous recombination clones, of PCR products as templates for T7 transcription, and of lipofection for large RNA transfection could increase the efficiency of infectious clone construction. Our infectious clone provides an effective tool which can be used to explore the life cycle and medical treatment of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhai Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Doan MAL, Roczkowsky A, Smith M, Blevins G, van Landeghem FKH, Gelman BB, Branton WG, Stapleton JT, Hobman TC, Power C. Infection of Glia by Human Pegivirus Suppresses Peroxisomal and Antiviral Signaling Pathways. J Virol 2021; 95:e0107421. [PMID: 34524914 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01074-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pegivirus (HPgV) infects peripheral leukocytes but was recently shown to be a neurotropic virus associated with leukoencephalitis in humans. In the present study, we investigated the neural cell tropism of HPgV as well as its effects on host immune responses. HPgV wild type (WT) and a mutant virus with a deletion in the HPgV NS2 gene (ΔNS2) were able to productively infect human astrocytes and microglia but not neurons or an oligodendrocyte-derived cell line. Of note, the ΔNS2 virus replicated better than WT pegivirus in astrocytes, with both viruses being able to subsequently infect and spread in fresh human astrocyte cultures. Infection of human glia by HPgV WT and ΔNS2 viruses resulted in suppression of peroxisome-associated genes, including PEX11B, ABCD1, PEX7, ABCD3, PEX3, and PEX5L, during peak viral production, which was accompanied by reduced expression of IFNB, IRF3, IRF1, and MAVS, particularly in ΔNS2-infected cells. These data were consistent with analyses of brain tissue from patients infected with HPgV in which we observed suppression of peroxisome and type I interferon gene transcripts, including PEX11B, ABCD3, IRF1, and IRF3, with concurrent loss of PMP70 immunoreactivity in glia. Our data indicate that human astrocytes and microglia are permissive to HPgV infection, resulting in peroxisome injury and suppressed antiviral signaling that is influenced by viral diversity. IMPORTANCE Human pegiviruses are detected in 1 to 5% of the general population, principally infecting leukocytes, although their effects on human health remain uncertain. Here, we show that human pegivirus infects specific neural cell types in culture and human brain and, like other neurotropic flaviviruses, causes suppression of peroxisome and antiviral signaling pathways, which could favor ongoing viral infection and perhaps confer susceptibility to the development of neurological disease.
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29
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Gern OL, Mulenge F, Pavlou A, Ghita L, Steffen I, Stangel M, Kalinke U. Toll-like Receptors in Viral Encephalitis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102065. [PMID: 34696494 PMCID: PMC8540543 DOI: 10.3390/v13102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral encephalitis is a rare but serious syndrome. In addition to DNA-encoded herpes viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus, RNA-encoded viruses from the families of Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Paramyxoviridae are important neurotropic viruses. Whereas in the periphery, the role of Toll-like receptors (TLR) during immune stimulation is well understood, TLR functions within the CNS are less clear. On one hand, TLRs can affect the physiology of neurons during neuronal progenitor cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth, whereas under conditions of infection, the complex interplay between TLR stimulated neurons, astrocytes and microglia is just on the verge of being understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about which TLRs are expressed by cell subsets of the CNS. Furthermore, we specifically highlight functional implications of TLR stimulation in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. After briefly illuminating some examples of viral evasion strategies from TLR signaling, we report on the current knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies in TLR signaling and their consequences for viral encephalitis. Finally, we provide an outlook with examples of TLR agonist mediated intervention strategies and potentiation of vaccine responses against neurotropic virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Luise Gern
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Felix Mulenge
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luca Ghita
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Imke Steffen
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Martin Stangel
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (NIBR), 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
- Cluster of Excellence—Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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30
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Nanaware N, Banerjee A, Mullick Bagchi S, Bagchi P, Mukherjee A. Dengue Virus Infection: A Tale of Viral Exploitations and Host Responses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101967. [PMID: 34696397 PMCID: PMC8541669 DOI: 10.3390/v13101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease (arboviral) caused by the Dengue virus. It is one of the prominent public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions with no effective vaccines. Every year around 400 million people get infected by the Dengue virus, with a mortality rate of about 20% among the patients with severe dengue. The Dengue virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, and it is an enveloped virus with positive-sense single-stranded RNA as the genetic material. Studies of the infection cycle of this virus revealed potential host targets important for the virus replication cycle. Here in this review article, we will be discussing different stages of the Dengue virus infection cycle inside mammalian host cells and how host proteins are exploited by the virus in the course of infection as well as how the host counteracts the virus by eliciting different antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Nanaware
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, MH, India; (N.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, MH, India; (N.N.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Parikshit Bagchi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: or (P.B.); or (A.M.)
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, MH, India; (N.N.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: or (P.B.); or (A.M.)
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31
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Wan SW, Lee YR, Ho TS, Chang CP. Regulation of innate immune signaling pathways by autophagy in dengue virus infection. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:170-179. [PMID: 34553486 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is not only an intracellular recycling degradation system that maintains cellular homeostasis but is also a component of innate immunity that contributes to host defense against viral infection. The viral components as well as viral particles trapped in autophagosomes can be delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Abundant evidence indicates that dengue virus (DENV) has evolved the potent ability to hijack or subvert autophagy process for escaping host immunity and promoting viral replication. Moreover, autophagy is often required to deliver viral components to pattern recognition receptors signaling for interferon (IFN)-mediated viral elimination. Hence, this review summarizes DENV-induced autophagy, which exhibits dual effects on proviral activity of promoting replication and antiviral activity to eliminating viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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32
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Abstract
Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease caused by the flavivirus dengue virus (DENV). Approximately 400 million cases and 22 000 deaths occur due to dengue worldwide each year. It has been reported in more than 100 countries in tropical and subtropical regions. A positive-stranded enveloped RNA virus (DENV) is principally transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It has four antigenically distinct serotypes, DENV-1 to DENV-4, with different genotypes and three structural proteins and seven non-structural proteins. Clinical symptoms of dengue range from mild fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), with thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and increased vascular permeability. Although primary infection causes activation of immune responses against DENV serotypes, the severity of the disease is enhanced via heterotypic infection by various serotypes as well as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The first licensed DENV vaccine was tetravalent CYD Denvaxia, but it has not been approved in all countries. The lack of a suitable animal model, a proper mechanistic study in pathogenesis, and ADE are the main hindrances in vaccine development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on DENV epidemiology, biology, and disease aetiology in the context of prevention and protection from dengue virus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Kumar Roy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District: Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District: Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District: Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District: Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India
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33
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Lebeau G, Lagrave A, Ogire E, Grondin L, Seriacaroupin S, Moutoussamy C, Mavingui P, Hoarau JJ, Roche M, Krejbich-Trotot P, Desprès P, Viranaicken W. Viral Toxin NS1 Implication in Dengue Pathogenesis Making It a Pivotal Target in Development of Efficient Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090946. [PMID: 34579183 PMCID: PMC8471935 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne viral disease dengue is a global public health problem causing a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild dengue fever to severe dengue with plasma leakage and bleeding which are often fatal. To date, there are no specific medications to treat dengue and prevent the risk of hemorrhage. Dengue is caused by one of four genetically related but antigenically distinct serotypes DENV-1–DENV-4. The growing burden of the four DENV serotypes has intensified both basic and applied research to better understand dengue physiopathology. Research has shown that the secreted soluble hexameric form of DENV nonstructural protein-1 (sNS1) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of severe dengue. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the role of sNS1 in the immunopathogenesis of dengue disease. We discuss the potential use of sNS1 in future vaccine development and its potential to improve dengue vaccine efficiency, particularly against severe dengue illness.
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34
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Poonpanichakul T, Chan-In W, Opasawatchai A, Loison F, Matangkasombut O, Charoensawan V, Matangkasombut P. Innate Lymphoid Cells Activation and Transcriptomic Changes in Response to Human Dengue Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:599805. [PMID: 34079535 PMCID: PMC8165392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.599805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) infection has a global impact on public health. The clinical outcomes (of DENV) can vary from a flu-like illness called dengue fever (DF), to a more severe form, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The underlying innate immune mechanisms leading to protective or detrimental outcomes have not been fully elucidated. Helper innate lymphoid cells (hILCs), an innate lymphocyte recently discovered, functionally resemble T-helper cells and are important in inflammation and homeostasis. However, the role of hILCs in DENV infection had been unexplored. Methods We performed flow cytometry to investigate the frequency and phenotype of hILCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from DENV-infected patients of different disease severities (DF and DHF), and at different phases (febrile and convalescence) of infection. Intracellular cytokine staining of hILCs from DF and DHF were also evaluated by flow cytometry after ex vivo stimulation. Further, the hILCs were sorted and subjected to transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis was performed to compare the febrile and convalescent phase samples in DF and DHF. Selected differentially expressed genes were then validated by quantitative PCR. Results Phenotypic analysis showed marked activation of all three hILC subsets during the febrile phase as shown by higher CD69 expression when compared to paired convalescent samples, although the frequency of hILCs remained unchanged. Upon ex vivo stimulation, hILCs from febrile phase DHF produced significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-4 when compared to those of DF. Transcriptomic analysis showed unique hILCs gene expression in DF and DHF, suggesting that divergent functions of hILCs may be associated with different disease severities. Differential gene expression analysis indicated that hILCs function both in cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity during the febrile phase of DENV infection. Conclusions Helper ILCs are activated in the febrile phase of DENV infection and display unique transcriptomic changes as well as cytokine production that correlate with severity. Targeting hILCs during early innate response to DENV might help shape subsequent immune responses and potentially lessen the disease severity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiraput Poonpanichakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Chan-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anunya Opasawatchai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fabien Loison
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Integrative Computational BioScience Center (ICBS), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ponpan Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chen WC, Wei CK, Hossen M, Hsu YC, Lee JC. (E)-Guggulsterone Inhibits Dengue Virus Replication by Upregulating Antiviral Interferon Responses through the Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040712. [PMID: 33924157 PMCID: PMC8074380 DOI: 10.3390/v13040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection, which causes dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome, is a severe global health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. There is no effective vaccine or drug against DENV infection. Thus, the development of anti-DENV agents is imperative. This study aimed to assess the anti-DENV activity of (E)-guggulsterone using a DENV infectious system. A specific inhibitor targeting signal molecules was used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of action. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine DENV protein expression and RNA replication, respectively. Finally, an ICR suckling mouse model was used to examine the anti-DENV activity of (E)-guggulsterone in vivo. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect of (E)-guggulsterone on DENV protein synthesis and RNA replication without cytotoxicity was observed. The mechanistic studied revealed that (E)-guggulsterone stimulates Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which increases the antiviral interferon responses and downstream antiviral gene expression by blocking DENV NS2B/3B protease activity. Moreover, (E)-guggulsterone protected ICR suckling mice from life-threatening DENV infection. These results suggest that (E)-guggulsterone can be a potential supplement for controlling DENV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Chih-Ku Wei
- Department of Biotechnology and PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Monir Hossen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine in College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Chin Hsu
- Chinese Medical Department, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-K.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine in College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products in College of Pharmacy and Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (J.-C.L.)
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Zhao L, Hao Y, Song Z, Fan Y, Li S. TRIM37 negatively regulates inflammatory responses induced by virus infection via controlling TRAF6 ubiquitination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:87-92. [PMID: 33839419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced cytokine storm has been a devastating actuality in clinic. The abnormal production of type I interferon (IFN-1) and upregulation of multiple cytokines induced strong inflammation and thus lead to shock and organ failure. As an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif-containing 37 (TRIM37) regulates the ubiquitination of multiple proteins including TRAFs. RNA sequencing was performed to investigated the alteration of transcriptional profile of H1N1-infected patients. qRT-PCR assay was performed to investigate the RNA levels of certain genes. The group of immune cells was examined by the Flow cytometry analysis. H&E staining was applied to evaluate lung inflammation of WT and TRIM37-KO mice. ELISA assay was performed to demonstrate the alteration of multiple cytokines. The protein levels in NF-kB signaling was estimated by western blotting and immunoprecipitation assays were applied to demonstrate the direct interaction between TRIM37 and TRAF-6. The RNA level of TRIM37 decreased in CD11b+ cells of Flu-infected patients. Knockout of TRIM37 inhibited the immune responses of H1N1-infected mice. TRIM37 deficiency reduced the levels of virous proinflammatory cytokines in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Mechanically, TRIM37 promoted the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6. TRIM37 negatively regulated inflammatory responses induced by virus infection via promoting TRAF6 ubiquitination at K63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Hao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhuohui Song
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Functional Comprehensive Laboratory, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Shufen Li
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
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Tan MJA, Brown NG, Chan KWK, Jin JY, Zu Kong SY, Vasudevan SG. Mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of dengue virus NS4A affect virus fitness and interactions with other non-structural proteins. J Gen Virol 2021; 101:941-953. [PMID: 32589122 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) replication complex is made up of its non-structural (NS) proteins and yet-to-be identified host proteins, but the molecular interactions between these proteins are not fully elucidated. In this work, we sought to uncover the interactions between DENV NS1 and its fellow NS proteins using a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) approach, and found that domain II of NS1 binds to an N-terminal cytoplasmic fragment of NS4A. Mutations in amino acid residues 41 and 43 in this cytoplasmic region of NS4A disrupted the interaction between NS1 and the NS4A-2K-4B precursor protein. When the NS4A Y41F mutation was introduced into the context of the virus via a DENV2 infectious clone, this mutant virus exhibited impaired viral fitness and decreased infectious virus production. The NS4A Y41F mutant virus triggered a significantly muted transcriptional activation of interferon-stimulated genes compared to wild-type virus that is independent of NS4A's ability to antagonize type I interferon signalling. Taken together, we have identified a link between DENV NS1 and the cytoplasmic domain in NS4A that is important for its cellular and viral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jie Alvin Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Nancy G Brown
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Y Jin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sean Yao Zu Kong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4022, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
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Li M, Xing D, Su D, Wang D, Gao H, Lan C, Gu Z, Zhao T, Li C. Transcriptome Analysis of Responses to Dengue Virus 2 Infection in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) C6/36 Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020343. [PMID: 33671824 PMCID: PMC7926344 DOI: 10.3390/v13020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, can cause dengue fever (DF) and more serious diseases and thus imposes a heavy burden worldwide. As the main vector of DENV, mosquitoes are a serious hazard. After infection, they induce a complex host–pathogen interaction mechanism. Our goal is to further study the interaction mechanism of viruses in homologous, sensitive, and repeatable C6/36 cell vectors. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was applied to the host transcript profiles of C6/36 cells infected with DENV2. Then, bioinformatics analysis was used to identify significant differentially expressed genes and the associated biological processes. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the sequencing data. A total of 1239 DEGs were found by transcriptional analysis of Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells that were infected and uninfected with dengue virus, among which 1133 were upregulated and 106 were downregulated. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in signaling pathways such as the MAPK, Hippo, FoxO, Wnt, mTOR, and Notch; metabolic pathways and cellular physiological processes such as autophagy, endocytosis, and apoptosis. Downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in DNA replication, pyrimidine metabolism, and repair pathways, including BER, NER, and MMR. The qRT-PCR results showed that the concordance between the RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR data was very high (92.3%). The results of this study provide more information about DENV2 infection of C6/36 cells at the transcriptome level, laying a foundation for further research on mosquito vector–virus interactions. These data provide candidate antiviral genes that can be used for further functional verification in the future.
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Wang S, Xie L, Xie Z, Wan L, Huang J, Deng X, Xie ZQ, Luo S, Zeng T, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou L. Dynamic Changes in the Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Joints of SPF Chickens Infected With Avian Reovirus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:618124. [PMID: 33614762 PMCID: PMC7892438 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.618124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) can induce many diseases as well as immunosuppression in chickens, severely endangering the poultry industry. Interferons (IFNs) play an antiviral role by inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The effect of ARV infection on the expression of host ISGs is unclear. Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were infected with ARV strain S1133 in this study, and real time quantitative PCR was used to detect changes in the dynamic expression of IFNs and common ISGs in joints of SPF chickens. The results showed that the transcription levels of IFNA, IFNB, and several ISGs, including myxovirus resistance (MX), interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), protein kinase R (PKR), oligoadenylate synthase (OAS), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5), interferon-stimulated gene 12 (ISG12), virus inhibitory protein (VIPERIN), interferon-alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6), and integrin-associated protein (CD47), were upregulated in joints on days 1–7 of infection (the levels of increase of MX, IFIT5, OAS, VIPERIN, ISG12, and IFI6 were the most significant, at hundreds-fold). In addition, the expression levels of the ISGs encoding zinc finger protein 313 (ZFP313), and DNA damage–inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) increased suddenly on the 1st or 2nd day, then decreased to control levels. The ARV viral load in chicken joints rapidly increased after 1 day of viral challenge, and the viral load remained high within 6 days of viral challenge. The ARV viral load sharply decreased starting on day 7. These results indicate that in SPF chicken joints, many ISGs have mRNA expression patterns that are basically consistent with the viral load in joints. IFNA, IFNB, and the ISGs MX, IFITM3, PKR, OAS, IFIT5, ISG12, VIPERIN, IFI6, and CD47 play important roles in defending against ARV invasion, inhibiting ARV replication and proliferation, and promoting virus clearance. These results enrich our understanding of the innate immune response mechanisms of hosts against ARV infection and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of ARV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi Qin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of dengue virus infection is attributed to complex interplay between virus, host genes and host immune response. Host factors such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), memory cross-reactive T cells, anti-DENV NS1 antibodies, autoimmunity as well as genetic factors are major determinants of disease susceptibility. NS1 protein and anti-DENV NS1 antibodies were believed to be responsible for pathogenesis of severe dengue. The cytokine response of cross-reactive CD4+ T cells might be altered by the sequential infection with different DENV serotypes, leading to further elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing a detrimental immune response. Fcγ receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) results in release of cytokines from immune cells leading to vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and increased vascular permeability. Genomic variation of dengue virus and subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) suppressing host immune response are viral determinants of disease severity. Dengue infection can lead to the generation of autoantibodies against DENV NS1antigen, DENV prM, and E proteins, which can cross-react with several self-antigens such as plasminogen, integrin, and platelet cells. Apart from viral factors, several host genetic factors and gene polymorphisms also have a role to play in pathogenesis of DENV infection. This review article highlights the various factors responsible for the pathogenesis of dengue and also highlights the recent advances in the field related to biomarkers which can be used in future for predicting severe disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Bhatt
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | | | - Muralidhar Varma
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576101 India
| | - Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
- Present Address: WHO Country Office, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Bouwman W, Verhaegh W, Holtzer L, van de Stolpe A. Measurement of Cellular Immune Response to Viral Infection and Vaccination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575074. [PMID: 33193365 PMCID: PMC7604353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined cellular and humoral host immune response determine the clinical course of a viral infection and effectiveness of vaccination, but currently the cellular immune response cannot be measured on simple blood samples. As functional activity of immune cells is determined by coordinated activity of signaling pathways, we developed mRNA-based JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity assays to quantitatively measure the cellular immune response on Affymetrix expression microarray data of various types of blood samples from virally infected patients (influenza, RSV, dengue, yellow fever, rotavirus) or vaccinated individuals, and to determine vaccine immunogenicity. JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity was increased in blood samples of patients with viral, but not bacterial, infection and was higher in influenza compared to RSV-infected patients, reflecting known differences in immunogenicity. High JAK-STAT3 pathway activity was associated with more severe RSV infection. In contrast to inactivated influenza virus vaccine, live yellow fever vaccine did induce JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity in blood samples, indicating superior immunogenicity. Normal (healthy) JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity was established, enabling assay interpretation without the need for a reference sample. The JAK-STAT pathway assays enable measurement of cellular immune response for prognosis, therapy stratification, vaccine development, and clinical testing.
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Rodrigues de Sousa J, Azevedo RDSDS, Quaresma JAS, Vasconcelos PFDC. The innate immune response in Zika virus infection. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2166. [PMID: 32926478 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) was discovered in 1947 in Uganda, Africa, from the serum of a sentinel Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, which encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved into 10 individual proteins. In 2015, the Zika-epidemic in Brazil was marked mainly by the exponential growth of microcephaly cases and other congenital defects. With regard to host-pathogen relationships, understanding the role of the immune response in the pathogenesis ZIKV infection is challenging. The innate immune response is the first-line immunological defence, in which pathogen-associated molecular patterns are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors that trigger macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and endothelial cells to produce several mediators, which modulate viral replication and immune evasion. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge on the innate immune response against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Coldbeck-Shackley RC, Eyre NS, Beard MR. The Molecular Interactions of ZIKV and DENV with the Type-I IFN Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E530. [PMID: 32937990 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue Virus (DENV) are related viruses of the Flavivirus genus that cause significant disease in humans. Existing control measures have been ineffective at curbing the increasing global incidence of infection for both viruses and they are therefore prime targets for new vaccination strategies. Type-I interferon (IFN) responses are important in clearing viral infection and for generating efficient adaptive immune responses towards infection and vaccination. However, ZIKV and DENV have evolved multiple molecular mechanisms to evade type-I IFN production. This review covers the molecular interactions, from detection to evasion, of these viruses with the type-I IFN response. Additionally, we discuss how this knowledge can be exploited to improve the design of new vaccine strategies.
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Elrefaey AME, Abdelnabi R, Rosales Rosas AL, Wang L, Basu S, Delang L. Understanding the Mechanisms Underlying Host Restriction of Insect-Specific Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:E964. [PMID: 32878245 PMCID: PMC7552076 DOI: 10.3390/v12090964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses contribute significantly to global mortality and morbidity in humans and animals. These viruses are mainly transmitted between susceptible vertebrate hosts by hematophagous arthropod vectors, especially mosquitoes. Recently, there has been substantial attention for a novel group of viruses, referred to as insect-specific viruses (ISVs) which are exclusively maintained in mosquito populations. Recent discoveries of novel insect-specific viruses over the past years generated a great interest not only in their potential use as vaccine and diagnostic platforms but also as novel biological control agents due to their ability to modulate arbovirus transmission. While arboviruses infect both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, the replication of insect-specific viruses is restricted in vertebrates at multiple stages of virus replication. The vertebrate restriction factors include the genetic elements of ISVs (structural and non-structural genes and the untranslated terminal regions), vertebrate host factors (agonists and antagonists), and the temperature-dependent microenvironment. A better understanding of these bottlenecks is thus warranted. In this review, we explore these factors and the complex interplay between ISVs and their hosts contributing to this host restriction phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.A.); (A.L.R.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Ana Lucia Rosales Rosas
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.A.); (A.L.R.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Lanjiao Wang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.A.); (A.L.R.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Sanjay Basu
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK;
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.A.); (A.L.R.R.); (L.W.)
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Balkrishna A, Solleti SK, Verma S, Varshney A. Validation of a Novel Zebrafish Model of Dengue Virus (DENV-3) Pathology Using the Pentaherbal Medicine Denguenil Vati. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070971. [PMID: 32605167 PMCID: PMC7408079 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a devastating viral fever of humans, caused by dengue virus. Using a novel zebrafish model of dengue pathology, we validated the potential anti-dengue therapeutic properties of pentaherbal medicine, Denguenil Vati. At two different time points (at 7 and 14 days post infection with dengue virus), we tested three translational doses (5.8 μg/kg, 28 μg/kg, and 140 μg/kg). Dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the viral copy numbers was identified upon Denguenil Vati treatment. Hepatocyte necrosis, liver inflammation, and red blood cell (RBC) infiltration into the liver were significantly inhibited upon Denguenil treatment. Treatment with Denguenil Vati significantly recovered the virus-induced decreases in total platelet numbers and total RBC count, and concomitantly increasing hematocrit percentage, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conversely, virus-induced white blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly normalized. Virus-induced hemorrhage was completely abrogated by Denguenil after 14 days, at all the doses tested. Gene expression analysis identified a significant decrease in disease-induced endothelial apoptotic marker Angiopoetin2 (Ang-2) and pro-inflammatory chemokine marker CCL3 upon Denguenil treatment. Presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, palmetin, and berberine molecules in the Denguenil formulation was detected by HPLC. Taken together, our results exhibit the potential therapeutic properties of Denguenil Vati in ameliorating pathological features of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-13-3424-4107 (ext. 7458)
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46
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Cunha MS, Costa PAG, Correa IA, de Souza MRM, Calil PT, da Silva GPD, Costa SM, Fonseca VWP, da Costa LJ. Chikungunya Virus: An Emergent Arbovirus to the South American Continent and a Continuous Threat to the World. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1297. [PMID: 32670231 PMCID: PMC7332961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of epidemic concern, transmitted by Aedes ssp. mosquitoes, and is the etiologic agent of a febrile and incapacitating arthritogenic illness responsible for millions of human cases worldwide. After major outbreaks starting in 2004, CHIKV spread to subtropical areas and western hemisphere coming from sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Even though CHIKV disease is self-limiting and non-lethal, more than 30% of the infected individuals will develop chronic disease with persistent severe joint pain, tenosynovitis, and incapacitating polyarthralgia that can last for months to years, negatively impacting an individual’s quality of life and socioeconomic productivity. The lack of specific drugs or licensed vaccines to treat or prevent CHIKV disease associated with the global presence of the mosquito vector in tropical and temperate areas, representing a possibility for CHIKV to continually spread to different territories, make this virus an agent of public health burden. In South America, where Dengue virus is endemic and Zika virus was recently introduced, the impact of the expansion of CHIKV infections, and co-infection with other arboviruses, still needs to be estimated. In Brazil, the recent spread of the East/Central/South Africa (ECSA) and Asian genotypes of CHIKV was accompanied by a high morbidity rate and acute cases of abnormal disease presentation and severe neuropathies, which is an atypical outcome for this infection. In this review, we will discuss what is currently known about CHIKV epidemics, clinical manifestations of the human disease, the basic concepts and recent findings in the mechanisms underlying virus-host interaction, and CHIKV-induced chronic disease for both in vitro and in vivo models of infection. We aim to stimulate scientific debate on how the characterization of replication, host-cell interactions, and the pathogenic potential of the new epidemic viral strains can contribute as potential developments in the virology field and shed light on strategies for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela S Cunha
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro A G Costa
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isadora Alonso Correa
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos R M de Souza
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Teles Calil
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Duarte da Silva
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Mesquita Costa
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Wakoff P Fonseca
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana J da Costa
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zheng Z, Li M, Liu Z, Jin X, Sun J. Establishment of Murine Infection Models with Biological Clones of Dengue Viruses Derived from a Single Clinical Viral Isolate. Virol Sin 2020; 35:626-636. [PMID: 32451883 PMCID: PMC7246292 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions. It causes dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome in patients. Each year, 390 million people are estimated to be infected by four serotypes of dengue virus, creating a great burden on global public health and local economy. So far, no antiviral drug is available for dengue disease, and the newly licensed vaccine is far from satisfactory. One large obstacle for dengue vaccine and drug development is the lack of suitable small animal models. Although some DENV infection models have been developed, only a small number of viral strains can infect immunodeficient mice. In this study, with biologically cloned viruses from a single clinical isolate, we have established two mouse models of DENV infection, one is severe lethal infection in immunocompromised mice, and the other resembles self-limited disease manifestations in Balb/c mice with transient blockage of type I IFN responses. This study not only offers new small animal models of dengue viral infection, but also provides new viral variants for further investigations on dengue viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201508, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201508, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201508, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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48
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Su YC, Huang YF, Wu YW, Chen HF, Wu YH, Hsu CC, Hsu YC, Lee JC. MicroRNA-155 inhibits dengue virus replication by inducing heme oxygenase-1-mediated antiviral interferon responses. FASEB J 2020; 34:7283-7294. [PMID: 32277848 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902878r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to directly alter the virus life cycle and virus-host interactions, and so are considered promising molecules for controlling virus infection. In the present study, we observed that miR-155 time-dependently downregulated upon dengue virus (DENV) infection. In contrast, exogenous overexpression of miR-155 appeared to limit viral replication in vitro, suggesting that the low levels of miR-155 would be beneficial for DENV replication. In vivo, overexpression of miR-155 protected ICR suckling mice from the life-threatening effects of DENV infection and reduced virus propagation. Further investigation revealed that the anti-DENV activity of miR-155 was due to target Bach1, resulting in the induction of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-mediated inhibition of DENV NS2B/NS3 protease activity, ultimately leading to induction of antiviral interferon responses, including interferon-induced protein kinase R (PKR), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), OAS2, and OAS3 expression, against DENV replication. Collectively, our results provide a promising new strategy to manage DENV infection by modulation of miR-155 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Su
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Feng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsu
- Department of Chinese medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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49
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Guy B, Ooi EE, Ramos-Castañeda J, Thomas SJ. When Can One Vaccinate with a Live Vaccine after Wild-Type Dengue Infection? Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020174. [PMID: 32283639 PMCID: PMC7349415 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations have been issued for vaccinating with the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV, Dengvaxia®) individuals aged from 9 to 45/60 years old with a prior dengue virus (DENV) infection and living in endemic countries/areas. One question linked to these recommendations is to determine when it is possible to start vaccination after laboratory confirmed wild-type DENV infection, and this question can be relevant to any live vaccine to be used in endemic areas. To address it, we reviewed and discussed the immunological and practical considerations of live vaccination in this context. Firstly, the nature and kinetics of immune responses triggered by primary or secondary DENV infection may positively or negatively impact subsequent live vaccine take and associated clinical benefit, depending on when vaccination is performed after infection. Secondly, regarding practical aspects, the “easiest” situation would correspond to a confirmed acute dengue fever, only requiring knowing when the patient should come back for vaccination. However, in most cases, it will not be possible to firmly establish the actual date of infection and vaccination may have to take place during well-defined periods, regardless of when prior infection occurred. Evidence that informs health authorities and medical practitioners in formulating vaccine policies and implementing vaccine programs is thus needed. The present work reviewed the different elements of the guidance and proposes some key conclusions and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Guy
- Consultant, 69000 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Jose Ramos-Castañeda
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y de la Nutrcion “Salvador Zubiran”, (INCMNSZ), Departamento de Infectologia, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico;
- Departamento de Inmunidad, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - Stephen J. Thomas
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
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50
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Murphy Schafer AR, Smith JL, Pryke KM, DeFilippis VR, Hirsch AJ. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SIAH1 Targets MyD88 for Proteasomal Degradation During Dengue Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 32117091 PMCID: PMC7033647 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus presents a serious threat to human health globally and can cause severe, even life-threatening, illness. Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic on all continents except Antarctica, and it is estimated that more than 100 million people are infected each year. Herein, we further mine the data from a previously described screen for microRNAs (miRNAs) that block flavivirus replication. We use miR-424, a member of the miR-15/16 family, as a tool to further dissect the role of host cell proteins during DENV infection. We observed that miR-424 suppresses expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH1, which is normally induced during dengue virus 2 (DENV2) infection through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Specific siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIAH1 also results in inhibition of DENV replication, demonstrating that this target is at least partly responsible for the antiviral activity of miR-424. We further show that SIAH1 binds to and ubiquitinates the innate immune adaptor protein MyD88 and that the antiviral effect of SIAH1 knockdown is reduced in cells in which MyD88 has been deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Additionally, MyD88-dependent signaling, triggered either by DENV2 infection or the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) ligand imiquimod, is increased in cells in which SIAH1 has been knocked down by miR-424 or a SIAH1-specific siRNA. These observations suggest an additional pathway by which DENV2 harnesses aspects of the UPR to dampen the host innate immune response and promote viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Murphy Schafer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Jessica L Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Kara M Pryke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Victor R DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Alec J Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
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