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Li XP, Rudolph MJ, Chen Y, Tumer NE. Structure-Function Analysis of the A1 Subunit of Shiga Toxin 2 with Peptides That Target the P-Stalk Binding Site and Inhibit Activity. Biochemistry 2024; 63:893-905. [PMID: 38467020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Shiga toxin 2a (Stx2a) is the virulence factor of Escherichia coli (STEC), which is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome, the leading cause of pediatric kidney failure. The A1 subunit of Stx2a (Stx2A1) binds to the conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) of the ribosomal P-stalk proteins to remove an adenine from the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) in the 28S rRNA, inhibiting protein synthesis. There are no antidotes against Stx2a or any other ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP). The structural and functional details of the binding of Stx2A1 to the P-stalk CTD are not known. Here, we carry out a deletion analysis of the conserved P-stalk CTD and show that the last eight amino acids (P8) of the P-stalk proteins are the minimal sequence required for optimal affinity and maximal inhibitory activity against Stx2A1. We determined the first X-ray crystal structure of Stx2A1 alone and in complex with P8 and identified the exact binding site. The C-terminal aspartic acid of the P-stalk CTD serves as an anchor, forming key contacts with the conserved arginine residues at the P-stalk binding pocket of Stx2A1. Although the ricin A subunit (RTA) binds to the P-stalk CTD, the last aspartic acid is more critical for the interaction with Stx2A1, indicating that RIPs differ in their requirements for the P-stalk. These results demonstrate that the catalytic activity of Stx2A1 is inhibited by blocking its interactions with the P-stalk, providing evidence that P-stalk binding is an essential first step in the recruitment of Stx2A1 to the SRL for depurination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Li
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Michael J Rudolph
- New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yang Chen
- New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nilgun E Tumer
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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2
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Abstract
High-speed atomic force microscopy (HSAFM) is an important tool for studying the dynamic behavior of large biomolecular assemblies at surfaces. However, unlike light microscopy techniques, which visualize each point in the field of view at the same time, in HSAFM, the surface is literally imaged pixel-by-pixel with a variable extent of time separation existing between recordings made at one pixel and all others within the surface image. Such "temporal asynchronicity" in the recording of the spatial information can introduce distortions into the image when the surface components move at a rate comparable to that at which the surface is imaged. This Letter describes recently released software developments that are able to predict the likely form of these distortions and estimate confidence levels when assigning the identity of observed structures. These described approaches may facilitate both the design and optimization of future HSAFM experimental protocols. Further to this, they may assist in the interpretation of results from already published HSAFM studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1164 Japan
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3
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Mogila I, Tamulaitiene G, Keda K, Timinskas A, Ruksenaite A, Sasnauskas G, Venclovas Č, Siksnys V, Tamulaitis G. Ribosomal stalk-captured CARF-RelE ribonuclease inhibits translation following CRISPR signaling. Science 2023; 382:1036-1041. [PMID: 38033086 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Prokaryotic type III CRISPR-Cas antiviral systems employ cyclic oligoadenylate (cAn) signaling to activate a diverse range of auxiliary proteins that reinforce the CRISPR-Cas defense. Here we characterize a class of cAn-dependent effector proteins named CRISPR-Cas-associated messenger RNA (mRNA) interferase 1 (Cami1) consisting of a CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold sensor domain fused to winged helix-turn-helix and a RelE-family mRNA interferase domain. Upon activation by cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA4), Cami1 cleaves mRNA exposed at the ribosomal A-site thereby depleting mRNA and leading to cell growth arrest. The structures of apo-Cami1 and the ribosome-bound Cami1-cA4 complex delineate the conformational changes that lead to Cami1 activation and the mechanism of Cami1 binding to a bacterial ribosome, revealing unexpected parallels with eukaryotic ribosome-inactivating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmantas Mogila
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Tamulaitiene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Konstanty Keda
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Timinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrone Ruksenaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Sasnauskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Česlovas Venclovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginijus Siksnys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintautas Tamulaitis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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4
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McLaren M, Conners R, Isupov MN, Gil-Díez P, Gambelli L, Gold VAM, Walter A, Connell SR, Williams B, Daum B. CryoEM reveals that ribosomes in microsporidian spores are locked in a dimeric hibernating state. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1834-1845. [PMID: 37709902 PMCID: PMC10522483 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Translational control is an essential process for the cell to adapt to varying physiological or environmental conditions. To survive adverse conditions such as low nutrient levels, translation can be shut down almost entirely by inhibiting ribosomal function. Here we investigated eukaryotic hibernating ribosomes from the microsporidian parasite Spraguea lophii in situ by a combination of electron cryo-tomography and single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. We show that microsporidian spores contain hibernating ribosomes that are locked in a dimeric (100S) state, which is formed by a unique dimerization mechanism involving the beak region. The ribosomes within the dimer are fully assembled, suggesting that they are ready to be activated once the host cell is invaded. This study provides structural evidence for dimerization acting as a mechanism for ribosomal hibernation in microsporidia, and therefore demonstrates that eukaryotes utilize this mechanism in translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew McLaren
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Conners
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michail N Isupov
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Patricia Gil-Díez
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Crop Science Centre, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lavinia Gambelli
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vicki A M Gold
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andreas Walter
- Center of Optical Technologies, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
| | - Sean R Connell
- Structural Biology of Cellular Machines, IIS Biobizkaia, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Bryony Williams
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bertram Daum
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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5
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Imai H, Utsumi D, Torihara H, Takahashi K, Kuroyanagi H, Yamashita A. Simultaneous measurement of nascent transcriptome and translatome using 4-thiouridine metabolic RNA labeling and translating ribosome affinity purification. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:e76. [PMID: 37378452 PMCID: PMC10415123 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression in response to various biological processes, including extracellular stimulation and environmental adaptation requires nascent RNA synthesis and translation. Analysis of the coordinated regulation of dynamic RNA synthesis and translation is required to determine functional protein production. However, reliable methods for the simultaneous measurement of nascent RNA synthesis and translation at the gene level are limited. Here, we developed a novel method for the simultaneous assessment of nascent RNA synthesis and translation by combining 4-thiouridine (4sU) metabolic RNA labeling and translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) using a monoclonal antibody against evolutionarily conserved ribosomal P-stalk proteins. The P-stalk-mediated TRAP (P-TRAP) technique recovered endogenous translating ribosomes, allowing easy translatome analysis of various eukaryotes. We validated this method in mammalian cells by demonstrating that acute unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces dynamic reprogramming of nascent RNA synthesis and translation. Our nascent P-TRAP (nP-TRAP) method may serve as a simple and powerful tool for analyzing the coordinated regulation of transcription and translation of individual genes in various eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotatsu Imai
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Daisuke Utsumi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Torihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hidehito Kuroyanagi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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6
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Radhakrishnan RM, Kizhakkeduth ST, Nair VM, Ayyappan S, Lakshmi RB, Babu N, Prasannajith A, Umeda K, Vijayan V, Kodera N, Manna TK. Kinetochore-microtubule attachment in human cells is regulated by the interaction of a conserved motif of Ska1 with EB1. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102853. [PMID: 36592928 PMCID: PMC9926122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetochore establishes the linkage between chromosomes and the spindle microtubule plus ends during mitosis. In vertebrates, the spindle-kinetochore-associated (Ska1,2,3) complex stabilizes kinetochore attachment with the microtubule plus ends, but how Ska is recruited to and stabilized at the kinetochore-microtubule interface is not understood. Here, our results show that interaction of Ska1 with the general microtubule plus end-associated protein EB1 through a conserved motif regulates Ska recruitment to kinetochores in human cells. Ska1 forms a stable complex with EB1 via interaction with the motif in its N-terminal disordered loop region. Disruption of this interaction either by deleting or mutating the motif disrupts Ska complex recruitment to kinetochores and induces chromosome alignment defects, but it does not affect Ska complex assembly. Atomic-force microscopy imaging revealed that Ska1 is anchored to the C-terminal region of the EB1 dimer through its loop and thereby promotes formation of extended structures. Furthermore, our NMR data showed that the Ska1 motif binds to the residues in EB1 that are the binding sites of other plus end targeting proteins that are recruited to microtubules by EB1 through a similar conserved motif. Collectively, our results demonstrate that EB1-mediated Ska1 recruitment onto the microtubule serves as a general mechanism for the formation of vertebrate kinetochore-microtubule attachments and metaphase chromosome alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith M Radhakrishnan
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Safwa T Kizhakkeduth
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnu M Nair
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shine Ayyappan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - R Bhagya Lakshmi
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Neethu Babu
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anjaly Prasannajith
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kenichi Umeda
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Vinesh Vijayan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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7
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Kisly I, Tamm T. Archaea/eukaryote-specific ribosomal proteins - guardians of a complex structure. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1249-61. [PMID: 36817958 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In three domains of life, proteins are synthesized by large ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. All ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) and numerous ribosomal proteins (r-protein). The three-dimensional shape of ribosomes is mainly defined by a tertiary structure of rRNAs. In addition, rRNAs have a major role in decoding the information carried by messenger RNAs and catalyzing the peptide bond formation. R-proteins are essential for shaping the network of interactions that contribute to a various aspects of the protein synthesis machinery, including assembly of ribosomes and interaction of ribosomal subunits. Structural studies have revealed that many key components of ribosomes are conserved in all life domains. Besides the core structure, ribosomes contain domain-specific structural features that include additional r-proteins and extensions of rRNA and r-proteins. This review focuses specifically on those r-proteins that are found only in archaeal and eukaryotic ribosomes. The role of these archaea/eukaryote specific r-proteins in stabilizing the ribosome structure is discussed. Several examples illustrate their functions in the formation of the internal network of ribosomal subunits and interactions between the ribosomal subunits. In addition, the significance of these r-proteins in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis is highlighted.
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8
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Kulczyk AW, Sorzano COS, Grela P, Tchórzewski M, Tumer NE, Li XP. Cryo-EM structure of Shiga toxin 2 in complex with the native ribosomal P-stalk reveals residues involved in the binding interaction. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102795. [PMID: 36528064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin 2a (Stx2a) is the virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. The catalytic A1 subunit of Stx2a (Stx2A1) interacts with the ribosomal P-stalk for loading onto the ribosome and depurination of the sarcin-ricin loop, which halts protein synthesis. Because of the intrinsic flexibility of the P-stalk, a structure of the Stx2a-P-stalk complex is currently unknown. We demonstrated that the native P-stalk pentamer binds to Stx2a with nanomolar affinity, and we employed cryo-EM to determine a structure of the 72 kDa Stx2a complexed with the P-stalk. The structure identifies Stx2A1 residues involved in binding and reveals that Stx2a is anchored to the P-stalk via only the last six amino acids from the C-terminal domain of a single P-protein. For the first time, the cryo-EM structure shows the loop connecting Stx2A1 and Stx2A2, which is critical for activation of the toxin. Our principal component analysis of the cryo-EM data reveals the intrinsic dynamics of the Stx2a-P-stalk interaction, including conformational changes in the P-stalk binding site occurring upon complex formation. Our computational analysis unveils the propensity for structural rearrangements within the C-terminal domain, with its C-terminal six amino acids transitioning from a random coil to an α-helix upon binding to Stx2a. In conclusion, our cryo-EM structure sheds new light into the dynamics of the Stx2a-P-stalk interaction and indicates that the binding interface between Stx2a and the P-stalk is the potential target for drug discovery.
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9
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Ando T. Functional Implications of Dynamic Structures of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Revealed by High-Speed AFM Imaging. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121876. [PMID: 36551304 PMCID: PMC9776203 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique functions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) depend on their dynamic protean structure that often eludes analysis. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) can conduct this difficult analysis by directly visualizing individual IDP molecules in dynamic motion at sub-molecular resolution. After brief descriptions of the microscopy technique, this review first shows that the intermittent tip-sample contact does not alter the dynamic structure of IDPs and then describes how the number of amino acids contained in a fully disordered region can be estimated from its HS-AFM images. Next, the functional relevance of a dumbbell-like structure that has often been observed on IDPs is discussed. Finally, the dynamic structural information of two measles virus IDPs acquired from their HS-AFM and NMR analyses is described together with its functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ando
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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10
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Kodera N, Ando T. Guide to studying intrinsically disordered proteins by high-speed atomic force microscopy. Methods 2022; 207:44-56. [PMID: 36055623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are partially or entirely disordered. Their intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) dynamically explore a wide range of structural space by their highly flexible nature. Due to this distinct feature largely different from structured proteins, conventional structural analyses relying on ensemble averaging is unsuitable for characterizing the dynamic structure of IDPs. Therefore, single-molecule measurement tools have been desired in IDP studies. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a unique tool that allows us to directly visualize single biomolecules at 2-3 nm lateral and ∼ 0.1 nm vertical spatial resolution, and at sub-100 ms temporal resolution under near physiological conditions, without any chemical labeling. HS-AFM has been successfully used not only to characterize the shape and motion of IDP molecules but also to visualize their function-related dynamics. In this article, after reviewing the principle and current performances of HS-AFM, we describe experimental considerations in the HS-AFM imaging of IDPs and methods to quantify molecular features from captured images. Finally, we outline recent HS-AFM imaging studies of IDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kodera
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Sefik E, Israelow B, Mirza H, Zhao J, Qu R, Kaffe E, Song E, Halene S, Meffre E, Kluger Y, Nussenzweig M, Wilen CB, Iwasaki A, Flavell RA. A humanized mouse model of chronic COVID-19. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:906-920. [PMID: 34921308 PMCID: PMC9203605 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that can present as an uncontrolled, hyperactive immune response, causing severe immunological injury. Existing rodent models do not recapitulate the sustained immunopathology of patients with severe disease. Here we describe a humanized mouse model of COVID-19 that uses adeno-associated virus to deliver human ACE2 to the lungs of humanized MISTRG6 mice. This model recapitulates innate and adaptive human immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection up to 28 days after infection, with key features of chronic COVID-19, including weight loss, persistent viral RNA, lung pathology with fibrosis, a human inflammatory macrophage response, a persistent interferon-stimulated gene signature and T cell lymphopenia. We used this model to study two therapeutics on immunopathology, patient-derived antibodies and steroids and found that the same inflammatory macrophages crucial to containing early infection later drove immunopathology. This model will enable evaluation of COVID-19 disease mechanisms and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Israelow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haris Mirza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michel Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Yang L, Lee KM, Yu CWH, Imai H, Choi AH, Banfield D, Ito K, Uchiumi T, Wong KB. The flexible N-terminal motif of uL11 unique to eukaryotic ribosomes interacts with P-complex and facilitates protein translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5335-5348. [PMID: 35544198 PMCID: PMC9122527 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic uL11 contains a conserved MPPKFDP motif at the N-terminus that is not found in archaeal and bacterial homologs. Here, we determined the solution structure of human uL11 by NMR spectroscopy and characterized its backbone dynamics by 15N-1H relaxation experiments. We showed that these N-terminal residues are unstructured and flexible. Structural comparison with ribosome-bound uL11 suggests that the linker region between the N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain of human uL11 is intrinsically disordered and only becomes structured when bound to the ribosomes. Mutagenesis studies show that the N-terminal conserved MPPKFDP motif is involved in interacting with the P-complex and its extended protuberant domain of uL10 in vitro. Truncation of the MPPKFDP motif also reduced the poly-phenylalanine synthesis in both hybrid ribosome and yeast mutagenesis studies. In addition, G→A/P substitutions to the conserved GPLG motif of helix-1 reduced poly-phenylalanine synthesis to 9-32% in yeast ribosomes. We propose that the flexible N-terminal residues of uL11, which could extend up to ∼25 Å from the N-terminal domain of uL11, can form transient interactions with the uL10 that help to fetch and fix it into a position ready for recruiting the incoming translation factors and facilitate protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Ming Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Conny Wing-Heng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hirotatsu Imai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Andrew Kwok-Ho Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - David K Banfield
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kosuke Ito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toshio Uchiumi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- The Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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13
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VanBlargan LA, Errico JM, Halfmann PJ, Zost SJ, Crowe JE, Purcell LA, Kawaoka Y, Corti D, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. An infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus escapes neutralization by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Nat Med 2022; 28:490-495. [PMID: 35046573 PMCID: PMC8767531 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 211.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the highly transmissible B.1.1.529 Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is concerning for antibody countermeasure efficacy because of the number of mutations in the spike protein. In this study, we tested a panel of anti-receptor-binding domain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) corresponding to those in clinical use by Vir Biotechnology (S309, the parent mAb of VIR-7831 (sotrovimab)), AstraZeneca (COV2-2196 and COV2-2130, the parent mAbs of AZD8895 and AZD1061), Regeneron (REGN10933 and REGN10987), Eli Lilly (LY-CoV555 and LY-CoV016) and Celltrion (CT-P59) for their ability to neutralize an infectious B.1.1.529 Omicron isolate. Several mAbs (LY-CoV555, LY-CoV016, REGN10933, REGN10987 and CT-P59) completely lost neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529 virus in both Vero-TMPRSS2 and Vero-hACE2-TMPRSS2 cells, whereas others were reduced (COV2-2196 and COV2-2130 combination, ~12-fold decrease) or minimally affected (S309). Our results suggest that several, but not all, of the antibodies in clinical use might lose efficacy against the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Errico
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seth J Zost
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Czajka TF, Vance DJ, Davis S, Rudolph MJ, Mantis NJ. Single-domain antibodies neutralize ricin toxin intracellularly by blocking access to ribosomal P-stalk proteins. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101742. [PMID: 35182523 PMCID: PMC8941211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During ricin intoxication in mammalian cells, ricin's enzymatic (RTA) and binding (RTB) subunits disassociate in the endoplasmic reticulum. RTA is then translocated into the cytoplasm where, by virtue of its ability to depurinate a conserved residue within the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) of 28S rRNA, it functions as a ribosome-inactivating protein. It has been proposed that recruitment of RTA to the SRL is facilitated by ribosomal P-stalk proteins, whose C-terminal domains interact with a cavity on RTA normally masked by RTB; however, evidence that this interaction is critical for RTA activity within cells is lacking. Here, we characterized a collection of single-domain antibodies (VHHs) whose epitopes overlap with the P-stalk binding pocket on RTA. The crystal structures of three such VHHs (V9E1, V9F9, and V9B2) in complex with RTA revealed not only occlusion of the ribosomal P-stalk binding pocket but also structural mimicry of C-terminal domain peptides by complementarity-determining region 3. In vitro assays confirmed that these VHHs block RTA-P-stalk peptide interactions and protect ribosomes from depurination. Moreover, when expressed as "intrabodies," these VHHs rendered cells resistant to ricin intoxication. One VHH (V9F6), whose epitope was structurally determined to be immediately adjacent to the P-stalk binding pocket, was unable to neutralize ricin within cells or protect ribosomes from RTA in vitro. These findings are consistent with the recruitment of RTA to the SRL by ribosomal P-stalk proteins as a requisite event in ricin-induced ribosome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Czajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - David J Vance
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Simon Davis
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
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Da Costa CBP, Cruz ACDM, Penha JCQ, Castro HC, Da Cunha LER, Ratcliffe NA, Cisne R, Martins FJ. Using in vivo animal models for studying SARS-CoV-2. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:121-137. [PMID: 34727803 PMCID: PMC8567288 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.1995352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for an animal model capable of reproducing the physiopathology of the COVID-19, and also suitable for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new drugs has become a challenge for many researchers. AREAS COVERED This work reviews the current animal models for in vivo tests with SARS-CoV-2 as well as the challenges involved in the safety and efficacy trials. EXPERT OPINION Studies have reported the use of nonhuman primates, ferrets, mice, Syrian hamsters, lagomorphs, mink, and zebrafish in experiments that aimed to understand the course of COVID-19 or test vaccines and other drugs. In contrast, the assays with animal hyperimmune sera have only been used in in vitro assays. Finding an animal that faithfully reproduces all the characteristics of the disease in humans is difficult. Some models may be more complex to work with, such as monkeys, or require genetic manipulation so that they can express the human ACE2 receptor, as in the case of mice. Although some models are more promising, possibly the use of more than one animal model represents the best scenario. Therefore, further studies are needed to establish an ideal animal model to help in the development of other treatment strategies besides vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B. P. Da Costa
- Technological Development and Innovation Laboratory of the Industrial Board, Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Cesar Q Penha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis E. R. Da Cunha
- Technological Development and Innovation Laboratory of the Industrial Board, Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Norman A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biociences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rafael Cisne
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Plaçais L, Richier Q, Noël N, Lacombe K, Mariette X, Hermine O. Immune interventions in COVID-19: a matter of time? Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:198-210. [PMID: 34711920 PMCID: PMC8552618 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and considering the lack of efficacy of antiviral strategies to this date, and the reactive hyperinflammation leading to tissue lesions and pneumonia, effective treatments targeting the dysregulated immune response are more than ever required. Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs have been repurposed in severe COVID-19 with contrasting results. The heterogeneity in the timing of treatments administrations could be accountable for these discrepancies. Indeed, many studies included patients at different timepoints of infection, potentially hiding the beneficial effects of a time-adapted intervention. We aim to review the available data on the kinetics of the immune response in beta-coronaviruses infections, from animal models and longitudinal human studies, and propose a four-step model of severe COVID-19 timeline. Then, we discuss the results of the clinical trials of immune interventions with regards to the timing of administration, and finally suggest a time frame in order to delineate the best timepoint for each treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Plaçais
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, GHU Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Centre de recherche en Immunologie des infections virales et des maladies auto-immunes ImVA, UMR Inserm U1184, 94270, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Quentin Richier
- Service de maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Noël
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, GHU Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Centre de recherche en Immunologie des infections virales et des maladies auto-immunes ImVA, UMR Inserm U1184, 94270, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Service de maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Necker, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
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Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Mota F, Ordonez AA, Foss CA, Singh AK, Praharaj M, Mahmud FJ, Ghayoor A, Flavahan K, De Jesus P, Bahr M, Dhakal S, Zhou R, Solis CV, Mulka KR, Bishai WR, Pekosz A, Mankowski JL, Villano J, Klein SL, Jain SK. 124I-Iodo-DPA-713 Positron Emission Tomography in a Hamster Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:135-143. [PMID: 34424479 PMCID: PMC8381721 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular imaging has provided unparalleled opportunities to monitor disease processes, although tools for evaluating infection remain limited. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mediated by lung injury that we sought to model. Activated macrophages/phagocytes have an important role in lung injury, which is responsible for subsequent respiratory failure and death. We performed pulmonary PET/CT with 124I-iodo-DPA-713, a low-molecular-weight pyrazolopyrimidine ligand selectively trapped by activated macrophages cells, to evaluate the local immune response in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PROCEDURES Pulmonary 124I-iodo-DPA-713 PET/CT was performed in SARS-CoV-2-infected golden Syrian hamsters. CT images were quantified using a custom-built lung segmentation tool. Studies with DPA-713-IRDye680LT and a fluorescent analog of DPA-713 as well as histopathology and flow cytometry were performed on post-mortem tissues. RESULTS Infected hamsters were imaged at the peak of inflammatory lung disease (7 days post-infection). Quantitative CT analysis was successful for all scans and demonstrated worse pulmonary disease in male versus female animals (P < 0.01). Increased 124I-iodo-DPA-713 PET activity co-localized with the pneumonic lesions. Additionally, higher pulmonary 124I-iodo-DPA-713 PET activity was noted in male versus female hamsters (P = 0.02). DPA-713-IRDye680LT also localized to the pneumonic lesions. Flow cytometry demonstrated a higher percentage of myeloid and CD11b + cells (macrophages, phagocytes) in male versus female lung tissues (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION 124I-Iodo-DPA-713 accumulates within pneumonic lesions in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a novel molecular imaging tool, 124I-Iodo-DPA-713 PET could serve as a noninvasive, clinically translatable approach to monitor SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary inflammation and expedite the development of novel therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A Ruiz-Bedoya
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Filipa Mota
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catherine A Foss
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alok K Singh
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monali Praharaj
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farina J Mahmud
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kelly Flavahan
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia De Jesus
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Bahr
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruifeng Zhou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clarisse V Solis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen R Mulka
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Villano
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Chen S, Evert B, Adeniyi A, Salla‐Martret M, Lua LH, Ozberk V, Pandey M, Good MF, Suhrbier A, Halfmann P, Kawaoka Y, Rehm BHA. Ambient Temperature Stable, Scalable COVID-19 Polymer Particle Vaccines Induce Protective Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102089. [PMID: 34716678 PMCID: PMC8652985 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for safe and effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines that are stable and can be cost-effectively produced at large scale. Here, a biopolymer particle (BP) vaccine technology that can be quickly adapted to new and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 is used. Coronavirus antigen-coated BPs are described as vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The spike protein subunit S1 or epitopes from S and M proteins (SM) plus/minus the nucleocapsid protein (N) are selected as antigens to either coat BPs during assembly inside engineered Escherichia coli or BPs are engineered to specifically ligate glycosylated spike protein (S1-ICC) produced by using baculovirus expression in insect cell culture (ICC). BP vaccines are safe and immunogenic in mice. BP vaccines, SM-BP-N and S1-ICC-BP induced protective immunity in the hamster SARS-CoV-2 infection model as shown by reduction of virus titers up to viral clearance in lungs post infection. The BP platform offers the possibility for rapid design and cost-effective large-scale manufacture of ambient temperature stable and globally available vaccines to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith University Nathan QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Benjamin Evert
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith University Nathan QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Adetayo Adeniyi
- Protein Expression Facility University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Mercè Salla‐Martret
- Protein Expression Facility University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Linda H.‐L. Lua
- Protein Expression Facility University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Michael F. Good
- Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4215 Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith University Nathan QLD 4111 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast 4222 Australia
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Cameroni E, Bowen JE, Rosen LE, Saliba C, Zepeda SK, Culap K, Pinto D, VanBlargan LA, De Marco A, di Iulio J, Zatta F, Kaiser H, Noack J, Farhat N, Czudnochowski N, Havenar-Daughton C, Sprouse KR, Dillen JR, Powell AE, Chen A, Maher C, Yin L, Sun D, Soriaga L, Bassi J, Silacci-Fregni C, Gustafsson C, Franko NM, Logue J, Iqbal NT, Mazzitelli I, Geffner J, Grifantini R, Chu H, Gori A, Riva A, Giannini O, Ceschi A, Ferrari P, Cippà PE, Franzetti-Pellanda A, Garzoni C, Halfmann PJ, Kawaoka Y, Hebner C, Purcell LA, Piccoli L, Pizzuto MS, Walls AC, Diamond MS, Telenti A, Virgin HW, Lanzavecchia A, Snell G, Veesler D, Corti D. Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift. Nature 2022; 602:664-70. [PMID: 35016195 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 339.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant encodes 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, 15 of which are in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), thereby raising concerns about the effectiveness of available vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics. Here we show that the Omicron RBD binds to human ACE2 with enhanced affinity, relative to the Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD, and binds to mouse ACE2. Marked reductions in neutralizing activity were observed against Omicron compared to the ancestral pseudovirus in plasma from convalescent individuals and from individuals who had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, but this loss was less pronounced after a third dose of vaccine. Most monoclonal antibodies that are directed against the receptor-binding motif lost in vitro neutralizing activity against Omicron, with only 3 out of 29 monoclonal antibodies retaining unaltered potency, including the ACE2-mimicking S2K146 antibody1. Furthermore, a fraction of broadly neutralizing sarbecovirus monoclonal antibodies neutralized Omicron through recognition of antigenic sites outside the receptor-binding motif, including sotrovimab2, S2X2593 and S2H974. The magnitude of Omicron-mediated immune evasion marks a major antigenic shift in SARS-CoV-2. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that recognize RBD epitopes that are conserved among SARS-CoV-2 variants and other sarbecoviruses may prove key to controlling the ongoing pandemic and future zoonotic spillovers.
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Abstract
The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the unprecedented pace of development of multiple vaccines. This review evaluates how adenovirus (Ad) vector platforms have been leveraged in response to this pandemic. Ad vectors have been used in the past for vaccines against other viruses, most notably HIV and Ebola, but they never have been produced, distributed, or administered to humans at such a large scale. Several different serotypes of Ads encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike have been tested and found to be efficacious against COVID-19. As vaccine rollouts continue and the number of people receiving these vaccines increases, we will continue to learn about this vaccine platform for COVID-19 prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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21
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Chiuppesi F, Nguyen VH, Park Y, Contreras H, Karpinski V, Faircloth K, Nguyen J, Kha M, Johnson D, Martinez J, Iniguez A, Zhou Q, Kaltcheva T, Frankel P, Kar S, Sharma A, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Shostak Y, Wussow F, Diamond DJ. Synthetic multiantigen MVA vaccine COH04S1 protects against SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters and non-human primates. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:7. [PMID: 35064109 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-generation COVID-19 vaccines could contribute to establish protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants. We developed COH04S1, a synthetic multiantigen modified vaccinia Ankara-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that co-expresses spike and nucleocapsid antigens. Here, we report COH04S1 vaccine efficacy in animal models. We demonstrate that intramuscular or intranasal vaccination of Syrian hamsters with COH04S1 induces robust Th1-biased antigen-specific humoral immunity and cross-neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and protects against weight loss, lower respiratory tract infection, and lung injury following intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Moreover, we demonstrate that single-dose or two-dose vaccination of non-human primates with COH04S1 induces robust antigen-specific binding antibodies, NAb, and Th1-biased T cells, protects against both upper and lower respiratory tract infection following intranasal/intratracheal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, and triggers potent post-challenge anamnestic antiviral responses. These results demonstrate COH04S1-mediated vaccine protection in animal models through different vaccination routes and dose regimens, complementing ongoing investigation of this multiantigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in clinical trials.
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22
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Kim YI, Yu KM, Koh JY, Kim EH, Kim SM, Kim EJ, Casel MAB, Rollon R, Jang SG, Song MS, Park SJ, Jeong HW, Kim EG, Lee OJ, Kim YD, Choi Y, Lee SA, Choi YJ, Park SH, Jung JU, Choi YK. Age-dependent pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:21. [PMID: 35013229 PMCID: PMC8748994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy people does not differ significantly among age groups, those aged 65 years or older exhibit strikingly higher COVID-19 mortality compared to younger individuals. To further understand differing COVID-19 manifestations in patients of different ages, three age groups of ferrets are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 is isolated from all ferrets regardless of age, aged ferrets (≥3 years old) show higher viral loads, longer nasal virus shedding, and more severe lung inflammatory cell infiltration, and clinical symptoms compared to juvenile (≤6 months) and young adult (1–2 years) groups. Furthermore, direct contact ferrets co-housed with the virus-infected aged group shed more virus than direct-contact ferrets co-housed with virus-infected juvenile or young adult ferrets. Transcriptome analysis of aged ferret lungs reveals strong enrichment of gene sets related to type I interferon, activated T cells, and M1 macrophage responses, mimicking the gene expression profile of severe COVID-19 patients. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-infected aged ferrets highly recapitulate COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms and are useful for understanding age-associated infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Here, Kim et al. characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection in juvenile, young, and old aged ferrets to provide a further understanding of differences in COVID-19 severity in humans at different ages. Aged ferrets have higher viral loads, shed virus longer, and mimic the transcriptomic profile of severely infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Yu
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mark Anthony B Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Choi
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shin-Ae Lee
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U Jung
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. .,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. .,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Nguyen QD, Kikuchi K, Kojima M, Ueno T. Dynamic Behavior of Cargo Proteins Regulated by Linker Peptides on a Protein Needle Scaffold. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Que D. Nguyen
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4529-B55 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4529-B55 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Kojima
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4529-B55 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4529-B55 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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24
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Yuan L, Zhu H, Zhou M, Ma J, Chen R, Yu L, Chen W, Hong W, Wang J, Chen Y, Wu K, Hou W, Zhang Y, Ge S, Chen Y, Yuan Q, Tang Q, Cheng T, Guan Y, Xia N. Persisting lung pathogenesis and minimum residual virus in hamster after acute COVID-19. Protein Cell 2022; 13:72-77. [PMID: 34491552 PMCID: PMC8422370 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lunzhi Yuan
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Huachen Zhu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XJoint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 China
| | - Ming Zhou
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Jian Ma
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Rirong Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XJoint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 China
| | - Liuqin Yu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XJoint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XJoint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 China
| | - Wenshan Hong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XJoint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 China
| | - Jia Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XJoint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 China
| | - Yao Chen
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Kun Wu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Wangheng Hou
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Yali Zhang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Yixin Chen
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Quan Yuan
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 China
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
| | - Yi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China. .,Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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25
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Samelson AJ, Tran QD, Robinot R, Carrau L, Rezelj VV, Kain AM, Chen M, Ramadoss GN, Guo X, Lim SA, Lui I, Nuñez JK, Rockwood SJ, Wang J, Liu N, Carlson-Stevermer J, Oki J, Maures T, Holden K, Weissman JS, Wells JA, Conklin BR, TenOever BR, Chakrabarti LA, Vignuzzi M, Tian R, Kampmann M. BRD2 inhibition blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing transcription of the host cell receptor ACE2. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:24-34. [PMID: 35027731 PMCID: PMC8820466 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells is initiated by the binding of the viral Spike protein to its cell-surface receptor ACE2. We conducted a targeted CRISPRi screen to uncover druggable pathways controlling Spike protein binding to human cells. Here we show that the protein BRD2 is required for ACE2 transcription in human lung epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes, and BRD2 inhibitors currently evaluated in clinical trials potently block endogenous ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells, including those of human nasal epithelia. Moreover, pharmacological BRD2 inhibition with the drug ABBV-744 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Syrian hamsters. We also found that BRD2 controls transcription of several other genes induced upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the interferon response, which in turn regulates the antiviral response. Together, our results pinpoint BRD2 as a potent and essential regulator of the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlight the potential of BRD2 as a therapeutic target for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi J Samelson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Quang Dinh Tran
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- École Doctorale BioSPC, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Robinot
- Institut Pasteur, CIVIC Group, Virus and Immunity Unit, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Microbiology Department, NYU-Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica V Rezelj
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alice Mac Kain
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- École Doctorale BioSPC, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Merissa Chen
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gokul N Ramadoss
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shion A Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irene Lui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James K Nuñez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jianhui Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Chakrabarti
- Institut Pasteur, CIVIC Group, Virus and Immunity Unit, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ruilin Tian
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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26
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Furukawa R, Kitabatake M, Ouji-Sageshima N, Suzuki Y, Nakano A, Matsumura Y, Nakano R, Kasahara K, Kubo K, Kayano SI, Yano H, Ito T. Persimmon-derived tannin has antiviral effects and reduces the severity of infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian hamster model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23695. [PMID: 34880383 PMCID: PMC8654961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread across the world. Inactivating the virus in saliva and the oral cavity represents a reasonable approach to prevent human-to-human transmission because the virus is easily transmitted through oral routes by dispersed saliva. Persimmon-derived tannin is a condensed type of tannin that has strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effects of persimmon-derived tannin against SARS-CoV-2 in both in vitro and in vivo models. We found that persimmon-derived tannin suppressed SARS-CoV-2 titers measured by plaque assay in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We then created a Syrian hamster model by inoculating SARS-CoV-2 into hamsters’ mouths. Oral administration of persimmon-derived tannin dissolved in carboxymethyl cellulose before virus inoculation dramatically reduced the severity of pneumonia with lower virus titers compared with a control group inoculated with carboxymethyl cellulose alone. In addition, pre-administration of tannin to uninfected hamsters reduced hamster-to-hamster transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from a cohoused, infected donor cage mate. These data suggest that oral administration of persimmon-derived tannin may help reduce the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Furukawa
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Akiyo Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kei Kasahara
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.,MBT (Medicine-Based Town) Institute, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kayano
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,MBT (Medicine-Based Town) Institute, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan. .,MBT (Medicine-Based Town) Institute, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
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27
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Maeda K, Amano M, Uemura Y, Tsuchiya K, Matsushima T, Noda K, Shimizu Y, Fujiwara A, Takamatsu Y, Ichikawa Y, Nishimura H, Kinoshita M, Matsumoto S, Gatanaga H, Yoshimura K, Oka SI, Mikami A, Sugiura W, Sato T, Yoshida T, Shimada S, Mitsuya H. Correlates of neutralizing/SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding antibody response with adverse effects and immune kinetics in BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22848. [PMID: 34819514 PMCID: PMC8613264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are exceedingly effective in preventing symptomatic infection, their immune response features remain to be clarified. In the present prospective study, 225 healthy individuals in Japan, who received two BNT162b2 doses, were enrolled. Correlates of BNT162b2-elicited SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing activity (50% neutralization titer: NT50; assessed using infectious virions) with various determinants were examined and the potency of sera against variants of concerns was determined. Significant rise in NT50s was seen in sera on day 28 post-1st dose. A moderate inverse correlation was seen between NT50s and ages, but no correlation seen between NT50s and adverse effects. NT50s and SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding-IgG levels on day 28 post-1st dose and pain scores following the 2nd dose were greater in women than in men. The average half-life of NT50s was ~ 68 days, and 23.6% (49 out of 208 individuals) failed to show detectable neutralizing activity on day 150. While sera from elite-responders (NT50s > 1,500: the top 4% among the participants) potently to moderately blocked all variants of concerns examined, some sera with low NT50s failed to block the B.1.351-beta strain. Since BNT162b2-elicited immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is short, an additional vaccine or other protective measures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Asuka Fujiwara
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Wan D, Du T, Hong W, Chen L, Que H, Lu S, Peng X. Neurological complications and infection mechanism of SARS-COV-2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:406. [PMID: 34815399 PMCID: PMC8609271 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic and threatened many lives. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes respiratory diseases, growing data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can also invade the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) causing multiple neurological diseases, such as encephalitis, encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningitis, and skeletal muscular symptoms. Despite the increasing incidences of clinical neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2, the precise neuroinvasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 have not been fully established. In this review, we primarily describe the clinical neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the potential mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 invades the brain based on the current evidence. Finally, we summarize the experimental models were used to study SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion. These data form the basis for studies on the significance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatricts, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingfu Du
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatricts, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatricts, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Haiying Que
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatricts, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular, Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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29
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Yamaguchi T, Hoshizaki M, Minato T, Nirasawa S, Asaka MN, Niiyama M, Imai M, Uda A, Chan JFW, Takahashi S, An J, Saku A, Nukiwa R, Utsumi D, Kiso M, Yasuhara A, Poon VKM, Chan CCS, Fujino Y, Motoyama S, Nagata S, Penninger JM, Kamada H, Yuen KY, Kamitani W, Maeda K, Kawaoka Y, Yasutomi Y, Imai Y, Kuba K. ACE2-like carboxypeptidase B38-CAP protects from SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6791. [PMID: 34815389 PMCID: PMC8610983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a receptor for cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, and recombinant soluble ACE2 protein inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection as a decoy. ACE2 is a carboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin II, thereby improving the pathologies of cardiovascular disease or acute lung injury. Here we show that B38-CAP, an ACE2-like enzyme, is protective against SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury. Endogenous ACE2 expression is downregulated in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, leading to elevation of angiotensin II levels. Recombinant Spike also downregulates ACE2 expression and worsens the symptoms of acid-induced lung injury. B38-CAP does not neutralize cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. However, B38-CAP treatment improves the pathologies of Spike-augmented acid-induced lung injury. In SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters or human ACE2 transgenic mice, B38-CAP significantly improves lung edema and pathologies of lung injury. These results provide the first in vivo evidence that increasing ACE2-like enzymatic activity is a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate lung pathologies in COVID-19 patients. Endogenous ACE2 is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and a recombinant soluble ACE2 protein can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection acting as a decoy. Here the authors show that B38-CAP, an ACE2-like enzyme but not a decoy for the virus, is protective against SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Midori Hoshizaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Laboratory of Regulation of Intractable Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minato
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Satoru Nirasawa
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Masamitsu N Asaka
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, NIBIOHN, Hachimandai 1-1, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Mayumi Niiyama
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, NIBIOHN, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Uda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Saori Takahashi
- Akita Research Institute of Food and Brewing, 4-26 Sanuki, Arayamachi, Akita, 010-1623, Japan
| | - Jianbo An
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akari Saku
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryota Nukiwa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intractable Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daichi Utsumi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, NIBIOHN, Hachimandai 1-1, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Chung-Sing Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuji Fujino
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Motoyama
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Laboratory of Antibody Design, NIBIOHN, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, NIBIOHN, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, NIBIOHN, Hachimandai 1-1, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intractable Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
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30
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Wuertz KM, Barkei EK, Chen WH, Martinez EJ, Lakhal-Naouar I, Jagodzinski LL, Paquin-Proulx D, Gromowski GD, Swafford I, Ganesh A, Dong M, Zeng X, Thomas PV, Sankhala RS, Hajduczki A, Peterson CE, Kuklis C, Soman S, Wieczorek L, Zemil M, Anderson A, Darden J, Hernandez H, Grove H, Dussupt V, Hack H, de la Barrera R, Zarling S, Wood JF, Froude JW, Gagne M, Henry AR, Mokhtari EB, Mudvari P, Krebs SJ, Pekosz AS, Currier JR, Kar S, Porto M, Winn A, Radzyminski K, Lewis MG, Vasan S, Suthar M, Polonis VR, Matyas GR, Boritz EA, Douek DC, Seder RA, Daye SP, Rao M, Peel SA, Joyce MG, Bolton DL, Michael NL, Modjarrad K. A SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine protects hamsters against Alpha and Beta virus variant challenge. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:129. [PMID: 34711815 PMCID: PMC8553838 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) requires adequate coverage of vaccine protection. We evaluated whether a SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine (SpFN), adjuvanted with the Army Liposomal Formulation QS21 (ALFQ), conferred protection against the Alpha (B.1.1.7), and Beta (B.1.351) VOCs in Syrian golden hamsters. SpFN-ALFQ was administered as either single or double-vaccination (0 and 4 week) regimens, using a high (10 μg) or low (0.2 μg) dose. Animals were intranasally challenged at week 11. Binding antibody responses were comparable between high- and low-dose groups. Neutralizing antibody titers were equivalent against WA1, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants following two high dose vaccinations. Dose-dependent SpFN-ALFQ vaccination protected against SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and viral replication following intranasal B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 challenge, as evidenced by reduced weight loss, lung pathology, and lung and nasal turbinate viral burden. These data support the development of SpFN-ALFQ as a broadly protective, next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Erica K Barkei
- Veterinary Pathology Division, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Martinez
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ines Lakhal-Naouar
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Diagnostics Countermeasures Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Linda L Jagodzinski
- Diagnostics Countermeasures Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Virus Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Isabella Swafford
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Akshaya Ganesh
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ming Dong
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Paul V Thomas
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline E Peterson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin Kuklis
- Virus Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sandrine Soman
- Virus Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Zemil
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Anderson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Janice Darden
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Diagnostics Countermeasures Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Heather Hernandez
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Diagnostics Countermeasures Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Grove
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Diagnostics Countermeasures Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Holly Hack
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Diagnostics Countermeasures Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rafael de la Barrera
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Stasya Zarling
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - James F Wood
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Froude
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elham Bayat Mokhtari
- Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prakriti Mudvari
- Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Virus Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehul Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gary R Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eli A Boritz
- Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon P Daye
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sheila A Peel
- Diagnostics Countermeasures Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane L Bolton
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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31
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Kinoshita T, Watanabe K, Sakurai Y, Nishi K, Yoshikawa R, Yasuda J. Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus causes more severe and prolonged pneumonia in hamsters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21259. [PMID: 34711897 PMCID: PMC8553868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a serious public health concern worldwide. Notably, co-infection with other pathogens may worsen the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and increase fatality. Here, we show that co-infection with influenza A virus (IAV) causes more severe body weight loss and more severe and prolonged pneumonia in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. Each virus can efficiently spread in the lungs without interference by the other. However, in immunohistochemical analyses, SARS-CoV-2 and IAV were not detected at the same sites in the respiratory organs of co-infected hamsters, suggesting that either the two viruses may have different cell tropisms in vivo or each virus may inhibit the infection and/or growth of the other within a cell or adjacent areas in the organs. Furthermore, a significant increase in IL-6 was detected in the sera of hamsters co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and IAV at 7 and 10 days post-infection, suggesting that IL-6 may be involved in the increased severity of pneumonia. Our results strongly suggest that IAV co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 can have serious health risks and increased caution should be applied in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kinoshita
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Sakurai
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kodai Nishi
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rokusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan. .,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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32
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Shafiekhani M, Dehghani A, Shahisavandi M, Nabavizadeh SA, Kabiri M, Hassani AH, Haghpanah A. Pharmacotherapeutic approach toward urological medications and vaccination during COVID-19: a narrative review. Ther Adv Urol 2021; 13:17562872211046794. [PMID: 34603508 PMCID: PMC8481748 DOI: 10.1177/17562872211046794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One year after the prevalence of the novel coronavirus pandemic, some aspects of the physiopathology, treatment and progression of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) have remained unknown. Since no comprehensive study on the use of urological medications in patients with COVID-19 has been carried out, this narrative review aimed to focus on clinically important issues about the treatment of COVID-19 and urologic medications regarding efficacy, modifications, side effects and interactions in different urologic diseases. In this review, we provide information about the pharmacotherapeutic approach toward urologic medications in patients with COVID-19 infection. This study provides an overview of medications in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, impotence and sexual dysfunction, urolithiasis, kidney transplantation and hypertension as the most frequent diseases in which the patients are on long-term medications. Also, the effect of urologic drugs on the efficacy of vaccination is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shafiekhani
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anahita Dehghani
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Shahisavandi
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Kabiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Haghpanah
- Assistant Professor of Urology, Endourology Ward, Urology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-44119, Iran Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-44119, Iran
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33
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Ferren M, Favède V, Decimo D, Iampietro M, Lieberman NAP, Weickert JL, Pelissier R, Mazelier M, Terrier O, Moscona A, Porotto M, Greninger AL, Messaddeq N, Horvat B, Mathieu C. Hamster organotypic modeling of SARS-CoV-2 lung and brainstem infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5809. [PMID: 34608167 PMCID: PMC8490365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19 since its emergence in December 2019. The infection causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome and may also spread to central nervous system leading to neurological sequelae. We have developed and characterized two new organotypic cultures from hamster brainstem and lung tissues that offer a unique opportunity to study the early steps of viral infection and screening antivirals. These models are not dedicated to investigate how the virus reaches the brain. However, they allow validating the early tropism of the virus in the lungs and demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 could infect the brainstem and the cerebellum, mainly by targeting granular neurons. Viral infection induces specific interferon and innate immune responses with patterns specific to each organ, along with cell death by apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Overall, our data illustrate the potential of rapid modeling of complex tissue-level interactions during infection by a newly emerged virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ferren
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France.
| | - Valérie Favède
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France
- Département du Rhône, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Decimo
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Nicole A P Lieberman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Weickert
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Rodolphe Pelissier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Magalie Mazelier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Olivier Terrier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Anne Moscona
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LYON, France.
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34
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Huo J, Mikolajek H, Le Bas A, Clark JJ, Sharma P, Kipar A, Dormon J, Norman C, Weckener M, Clare DK, Harrison PJ, Tree JA, Buttigieg KR, Salguero FJ, Watson R, Knott D, Carnell O, Ngabo D, Elmore MJ, Fotheringham S, Harding A, Moynié L, Ward PN, Dumoux M, Prince T, Hall Y, Hiscox JA, Owen A, James W, Carroll MW, Stewart JP, Naismith JH, Owens RJ. A potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralising nanobody shows therapeutic efficacy in the Syrian golden hamster model of COVID-19. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5469. [PMID: 34552091 PMCID: PMC8458290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 remains a global threat to human health particularly as escape mutants emerge. There is an unmet need for effective treatments against COVID-19 for which neutralizing single domain antibodies (nanobodies) have significant potential. Their small size and stability mean that nanobodies are compatible with respiratory administration. We report four nanobodies (C5, H3, C1, F2) engineered as homotrimers with pmolar affinity for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Crystal structures show C5 and H3 overlap the ACE2 epitope, whilst C1 and F2 bind to a different epitope. Cryo Electron Microscopy shows C5 binding results in an all down arrangement of the Spike protein. C1, H3 and C5 all neutralize the Victoria strain, and the highly transmissible Alpha (B.1.1.7 first identified in Kent, UK) strain and C1 also neutralizes the Beta (B.1.35, first identified in South Africa). Administration of C5-trimer via the respiratory route showed potent therapeutic efficacy in the Syrian hamster model of COVID-19 and separately, effective prophylaxis. The molecule was similarly potent by intraperitoneal injection.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Female
- Male
- Mesocricetus
- Neutralization Tests
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- Single-Domain Antibodies/administration & dosage
- Single-Domain Antibodies/immunology
- Single-Domain Antibodies/metabolism
- Single-Domain Antibodies/pharmacology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Audrey Le Bas
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jordan J Clark
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Dormon
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Chelsea Norman
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Miriam Weckener
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Daniel K Clare
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Peter J Harrison
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Robert Watson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Daniel Knott
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Oliver Carnell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Didier Ngabo
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Michael J Elmore
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Susan Fotheringham
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Adam Harding
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucile Moynié
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Philip N Ward
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Maud Dumoux
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Tessa Prince
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Yper Hall
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre (ID HTC), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James P Stewart
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - James H Naismith
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK.
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35
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Mok BWY, Liu H, Deng S, Liu J, Zhang AJ, Lau SY, Liu S, Tam RCY, Cremin CJ, Ng TTL, Leung JSL, Lee LK, Wang P, To KKW, Chan JFW, Chan KH, Yuen KY, Siu GKH, Chen H. Low dose inocula of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant transmits more efficiently than earlier variants in hamsters. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1102. [PMID: 34545191 PMCID: PMC8452646 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to rapidly replace original circulating strains in humans soon after they emerged. There is a lack of experimental evidence to explain how these natural occurring variants spread more efficiently than existing strains of SARS-CoV-2 in transmission. We found that the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) increased competitive fitness over earlier parental D614G lineages in in-vitro and in-vivo systems. Using hamster transmission model, we further demonstrated that the Alpha variant is able to replicate and shed more efficiently in the nasal cavity of hamsters than other variants with low dose and short duration of exposure. The capability to initiate effective infection with low inocula may be one of the key factors leading to the rapid transmission of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Wing-Yee Mok
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Honglian Liu
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shaofeng Deng
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Ying Lau
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rachel Chun-Yee Tam
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Conor J Cremin
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy Ting-Leung Ng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jake Siu-Lun Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lam-Kwong Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Wang
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gilman Kit-Hang Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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36
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Yang MS, Oh BK, Yang D, Oh EY, Kim Y, Kang KW, Lim CW, Koh GY, Lee SM, Kim B. Ultra- and micro-structural changes of respiratory tracts in SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters. Vet Res 2021; 52:121. [PMID: 34530902 PMCID: PMC8444536 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic is causing a global crisis. It is still unresolved. Although many therapies and vaccines are being studied, they are still in their infancy. As this pandemic continues, rapid and accurate research for the development of therapies and vaccines is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to understand characteristics of diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 through animal models. Syrian hamsters are known to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. They were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. At 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 days post-infection (dpi), these hamsters were euthanized, and tissues were collected for ultrastructural and microstructural examinations. Microscopic lesions were prominent in the upper and lower respiratory tracts from 2 and 4 dpi groups, respectively. The respiratory epithelium in the trachea, bronchiole, and alveolar showed pathological changes. Inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils were infiltrated in/around tracheal lamina propria, pulmonary vessels, alveoli, and bronchiole. In pulmonary lesions, alveolar wall was thickened with infiltrated inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils and macrophages. In the trachea, epithelial damages started from 2 dpi and recovered from 8 dpi, consistent with microscopic results, High levels of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein were detected at 2 dpi and 4 dpi. In the lung, lesions were most severe at 8 dpi. Meanwhile, high levels of SARS-CoV-2 were detected at 4 dpi. Electron microscopic examinations revealed cellular changes in the trachea epithelium and alveolar epithelium such as vacuolation, sparse micro-organelle, and poor cellular margin. In the trachea epithelium, the number of cytoplasmic organelles was diminished, and small vesicles were prominent from 2 dpi. Some of these electron-lucent vesicles were filled with virion particles. From 8 dpi, the trachea epithelium started to recover. Because of shrunken nucleus and swollen cytoplasm, the N/C ratio of type 2 pneumocyte decreased at 8 and 12 dpi. From 8 dpi, lamellar bodies on type 2 pneumocyte cytoplasm were increasingly observed. Their number then decreased from 16 dpi. However, there was no significant change in type 1 pneumocyte. Viral vesicles were only observed in the cytoplasm of type 2 pneumocyte. In conclusion, ultra- and micro-structural changes presented in this study may provide useful information for SARS-CoV-2 studies in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeon-Sik Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Daram Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea.
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37
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Bao L, Liu J, Zhu H, Lv Q, Liu R, Chen W, Tong W, Wei Q, Xu Y, Deng W, Gao H, Xue J, Song Z, Yu P, Han Y, Zhang Y, Sun X, Yu X, Qin C. SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood-brain barrier accompanied with basement membrane disruption without tight junctions alteration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:337. [PMID: 34489403 PMCID: PMC8419672 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to show a capacity for invading the brains of humans and model animals. However, it remains unclear whether and how SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Herein, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was occasionally detected in the vascular wall and perivascular space, as well as in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) in the infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Moreover, the permeability of the infected vessel was increased. Furthermore, disintegrity of BBB was discovered in the infected hamsters by administration of Evans blue. Interestingly, the expression of claudin5, ZO-1, occludin and the ultrastructure of tight junctions (TJs) showed unchanged, whereas, the basement membrane was disrupted in the infected animals. Using an in vitro BBB model that comprises primary BMECs with astrocytes, SARS-CoV-2 was found to infect and cross through the BMECs. Consistent with in vivo experiments, the expression of MMP9 was increased and collagen IV was decreased while the markers for TJs were not altered in the SARS-CoV-2-infected BMECs. Besides, inflammatory responses including vasculitis, glial activation, and upregulated inflammatory factors occurred after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, our results provide evidence supporting that SARS-CoV-2 can cross the BBB in a transcellular pathway accompanied with basement membrane disrupted without obvious alteration of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Lv
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlin Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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38
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Nouailles G, Wyler E, Pennitz P, Postmus D, Vladimirova D, Kazmierski J, Pott F, Dietert K, Muelleder M, Farztdinov V, Obermayer B, Wienhold SM, Andreotti S, Hoefler T, Sawitzki B, Drosten C, Sander LE, Suttorp N, Ralser M, Beule D, Gruber AD, Goffinet C, Landthaler M, Trimpert J, Witzenrath M. Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4869. [PMID: 34381043 PMCID: PMC8357947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In COVID-19, immune responses are key in determining disease severity. However, cellular mechanisms at the onset of inflammatory lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly involving endothelial cells, remain ill-defined. Using Syrian hamsters as a model for moderate COVID-19, we conduct a detailed longitudinal analysis of systemic and pulmonary cellular responses, and corroborate it with datasets from COVID-19 patients. Monocyte-derived macrophages in lungs exert the earliest and strongest transcriptional response to infection, including induction of pro-inflammatory genes, while epithelial cells show weak alterations. Without evidence for productive infection, endothelial cells react, depending on cell subtypes, by strong and early expression of anti-viral, pro-inflammatory, and T cell recruiting genes. Recruitment of cytotoxic T cells as well as emergence of IgM antibodies precede viral clearance at day 5 post infection. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters thus identifies cell type-specific effector functions, providing detailed insights into pathomechanisms of COVID-19 and informing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Nouailles
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Pennitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Julia Kazmierski
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pott
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Muelleder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim Farztdinov
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra-Maria Wienhold
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandro Andreotti
- Bioinformatics Solution Center, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoefler
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, UK
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have been explored as vaccine agents for a range of infectious diseases, and their ability to induce a potent and balanced immune response made them logical candidates to apply to the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique molecular characteristics of these vectors enabled the rapid development of vaccines with advanced designs capable of overcoming the biological challenges faced by early adenoviral vector systems. These successes and the urgency of the COVID-19 situation have resulted in a flurry of candidate adenoviral vector vaccines for COVID-19 from both academia and industry. These vaccines represent some of the lead candidates currently supported by Operation Warp Speed and other government agencies for rapid translational development. This review details adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines currently in human clinical trials and provides an overview of the new technologies employed in their design. As these vaccines have formed a cornerstone of the COVID-19 global vaccination campaign, this review provides a full consideration of the impact and development of this emerging platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Radiation Oncology Department. 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reka Lorincz
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Radiation Oncology Department. 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Boucher
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Radiation Oncology Department. 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Radiation Oncology Department. 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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40
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Shalash AO, Hussein WM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Key Considerations for the Development of Safe and Effective SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine: A Peptide-Based Vaccine Alternative. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100985. [PMID: 34176237 PMCID: PMC8373118 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is disastrous to global health and the economy. SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits similar clinical symptoms and immunopathological sequelae to SARS-CoV infection. Therefore, much of the developmental progress on SARS-CoV vaccines can be utilized for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Careful antigen selection during development is always of utmost importance for the production of effective vaccines that do not compromise recipient safety. This holds especially true for SARS-CoV vaccines, as several immunopathological disorders are associated with the activity of structural and nonstructural proteins encoded in the virus's genetic material. Whole viral protein and RNA-encoding full-length proteins contain both protective and "dangerous" sequences, unless pathological fragments are deleted. In light of recent advances, peptide vaccines may present a very safe and effective alternative. Peptide vaccines can avoid immunopathological pro-inflammatory sequences, focus immune responses on neutralizing immunogenic epitopes, avoid off-target antigen loss, combine antigens with different protective roles or mechanisms, even from different viral proteins, and avoid mutant escape by employing highly conserved cryptic epitopes. In this review, an attempt is made to exploit the similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in vaccine antigen screening, with particular attention to the pathological and immunogenic properties of SARS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQLD4072Australia
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQLD4072Australia
- School of PharmacyThe University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaQLD4102Australia
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41
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Si L, Bai H, Rodas M, Cao W, Oh CY, Jiang A, Moller R, Hoagland D, Oishi K, Horiuchi S, Uhl S, Blanco-Melo D, Albrecht RA, Liu WC, Jordan T, Nilsson-Payant BE, Golynker I, Frere J, Logue J, Haupt R, McGrath M, Weston S, Zhang T, Plebani R, Soong M, Nurani A, Kim SM, Zhu DY, Benam KH, Goyal G, Gilpin SE, Prantil-Baun R, Gygi SP, Powers RK, Carlson KE, Frieman M, tenOever BR, Ingber DE. A human-airway-on-a-chip for the rapid identification of candidate antiviral therapeutics and prophylactics. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:815-829. [PMID: 33941899 PMCID: PMC8387338 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid repurposing of antivirals is particularly pressing during pandemics. However, rapid assays for assessing candidate drugs typically involve in vitro screens and cell lines that do not recapitulate human physiology at the tissue and organ levels. Here we show that a microfluidic bronchial-airway-on-a-chip lined by highly differentiated human bronchial-airway epithelium and pulmonary endothelium can model viral infection, strain-dependent virulence, cytokine production and the recruitment of circulating immune cells. In airway chips infected with influenza A, the co-administration of nafamostat with oseltamivir doubled the treatment-time window for oseltamivir. In chips infected with pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinically relevant doses of the antimalarial drug amodiaquine inhibited infection but clinical doses of hydroxychloroquine and other antiviral drugs that inhibit the entry of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 in cell lines under static conditions did not. We also show that amodiaquine showed substantial prophylactic and therapeutic activities in hamsters challenged with native SARS-CoV-2. The human airway-on-a-chip may accelerate the identification of therapeutics and prophylactics with repurposing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Si
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Rodas
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wuji Cao
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Crystal Yuri Oh
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rasmus Moller
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daisy Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kohei Oishi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shu Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Blanco-Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy A Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tristan Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilona Golynker
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Frere
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Haupt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marisa McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center on Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mercy Soong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atiq Nurani
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danni Y Zhu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kambez H Benam
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Girija Goyal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rani K Powers
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth E Carlson
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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42
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Horbowicz-Drożdżal P, Kamel K, Kmiecik S, Borkiewicz L, Tumer NE, Shaw PC, Tchórzewski M, Grela P. Phosphorylation of the conserved C-terminal domain of ribosomal P-proteins impairs the mode of interaction with plant toxins. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2221-2236. [PMID: 34328639 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ribosome is subjected to post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, that affect its biological activity. Among ribosomal elements, the P-proteins undergo phosphorylation within the C terminus, the element which interacts with trGTPases or ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs); however, the role of phosphorylation has never been elucidated. Here, we probed the function of phosphorylation on the interaction of P-proteins with RIPs using the ribosomal P1-P2 dimer. We determined the kinetic parameters of the interaction with the toxins using biolayer interferometry and microscale thermophoresis. The results present the first mechanistic insight into the function of P-protein phosphorylation, showing that introduction of a negative charge into the C terminus of P1-P2 proteins promotes α-helix formation and decreases the affinity of the P-proteins for the RIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Horbowicz-Drożdżal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Kamel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Borkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Nilgun E Tumer
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Marek Tchórzewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Grela
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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43
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Malherbe DC, Kurup D, Wirblich C, Ronk AJ, Mire C, Kuzmina N, Shaik N, Periasamy S, Hyde MA, Williams JM, Shi PY, Schnell MJ, Bukreyev A. A single dose of replication-competent VSV-vectored vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 protects against virus replication in a hamster model of severe COVID-19. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:91. [PMID: 34294728 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective countermeasures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is a priority. We designed and produced ConVac, a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vector that expresses the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We used golden Syrian hamsters as animal models of severe COVID-19 to test the efficacy of the ConVac vaccine. A single vaccine dose elicited high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific binding and neutralizing antibodies; following intranasal challenge with SARS-CoV-2, animals were protected from weight loss and viral replication in the lungs. No enhanced pathology was observed in vaccinated animals upon challenge, but some inflammation was still detected. The data indicate rapid control of SARS-CoV-2 replication by the S1-based VSV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 ConVac vaccine.
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44
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Cegan JC, Trump BD, Cibulsky SM, Collier ZA, Cummings CL, Greer SL, Jarman H, Klasa K, Kleinman G, Surette MA, Wells E, Linkov I. Can Comorbidity Data Explain Cross-State and Cross-National Difference in COVID-19 Death Rates? Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2877-2885. [PMID: 34267565 PMCID: PMC8275866 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s313312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many efforts to predict the impact of COVID-19 on hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) utilization, and mortality rely on age and comorbidities. These predictions are foundational to learning, policymaking, and planning for the pandemic, and therefore understanding the relationship between age, comorbidities, and health outcomes is critical to assessing and managing public health risks. From a US government database of 1.4 million patient records collected in May 2020, we extracted the relationships between age and number of comorbidities at the individual level to predict the likelihood of hospitalization, admission to intensive care, and death. We then applied the relationships to each US state and a selection of different countries in order to see whether they predicted observed outcome rates. We found that age and comorbidity data within these geographical regions do not explain much of the international or within-country variation in hospitalization, ICU admission, or death. Identifying alternative explanations for the limited predictive power of comorbidities and age at the population level should be considered for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Cegan
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Benjamin D Trump
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Susan M Cibulsky
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary A Collier
- Radford University, Davis College of Business and Economics, Department of Management, Radford, VA, USA
| | - Christopher L Cummings
- North Carolina State University, Genetic Engineering and Society Center, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Scott L Greer
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Health Management and Policy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Holly Jarman
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Health Management and Policy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kasia Klasa
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, USA
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Health Management and Policy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary Kleinman
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emily Wells
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Igor Linkov
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, USA
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45
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Flerlage T, Boyd DF, Meliopoulos V, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:425-441. [PMID: 33824495 PMCID: PMC8023351 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of respiratory tract infections that produce a wide spectrum of clinical disease severity in humans. The novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and has since caused a pandemic. Both viral and host factors determine the extent and severity of virus-induced lung damage. The host's response to viral infection is necessary for viral clearance but may be deleterious and contribute to severe disease phenotypes. Similarly, tissue repair mechanisms are required for recovery from infection across the spectrum of disease severity; however, dysregulated repair responses may lead to chronic lung dysfunction. Understanding of the mechanisms of immunopathology and tissue repair following viral lower respiratory tract infection may broaden treatment options. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis, the contribution of the host response to severe clinical phenotypes and highlight early and late epithelial repair mechanisms following influenza virus infection, each of which has been well characterized. Although we are still learning about SARS-CoV-2 and its disease manifestations in humans, throughout the Review we discuss what is known about SARS-CoV-2 in the context of this broad knowledge of influenza virus, highlighting the similarities and differences between the respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Flerlage
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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46
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Higuchi Y, Suzuki T, Arimori T, Ikemura N, Mihara E, Kirita Y, Ohgitani E, Mazda O, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Sakai Y, Itoh Y, Sugihara F, Matsuura Y, Matoba S, Okamoto T, Takagi J, Hoshino A. Engineered ACE2 receptor therapy overcomes mutational escape of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3802. [PMID: 34155214 PMCID: PMC8217473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has mutated during the global pandemic leading to viral adaptation to medications and vaccinations. Here we describe an engineered human virus receptor, ACE2, by mutagenesis and screening for binding to the receptor binding domain (RBD). Three cycles of random mutagenesis and cell sorting achieved sub-nanomolar affinity to RBD. Our structural data show that the enhanced affinity comes from better hydrophobic packing and hydrogen-bonding geometry at the interface. Additional disulfide mutations caused the fixing of a closed ACE2 conformation to avoid off-target effects of protease activity, and also improved structural stability. Our engineered ACE2 neutralized SARS-CoV-2 at a 100-fold lower concentration than wild type; we also report that no escape mutants emerged in the co-incubation after 15 passages. Therapeutic administration of engineered ACE2 protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 infection, decreased lung virus titers and pathology. Our results provide evidence of a therapeutic potential of engineered ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Arimori
- Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nariko Ikemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emiko Mihara
- Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kirita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eriko Ohgitani
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yumi Itoh
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- The Core Instrumentation Facility, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Koripella RK, Deep A, Agrawal EK, Keshavan P, Banavali NK, Agrawal RK. Distinct mechanisms of the human mitoribosome recycling and antibiotic resistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3607. [PMID: 34127662 PMCID: PMC8203779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes are recycled for a new round of translation initiation by dissociation of ribosomal subunits, messenger RNA and transfer RNA from their translational post-termination complex. Here we present cryo-EM structures of the human 55S mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) and the mitoribosomal large 39S subunit in complex with mitoribosome recycling factor (RRFmt) and a recycling-specific homolog of elongation factor G (EF-G2mt). These structures clarify an unusual role of a mitochondria-specific segment of RRFmt, identify the structural distinctions that confer functional specificity to EF-G2mt, and show that the deacylated tRNA remains with the dissociated 39S subunit, suggesting a distinct sequence of events in mitoribosome recycling. Furthermore, biochemical and structural analyses reveal that the molecular mechanism of antibiotic fusidic acid resistance for EF-G2mt is markedly different from that of mitochondrial elongation factor EF-G1mt, suggesting that the two human EF-Gmts have evolved diversely to negate the effect of a bacterial antibiotic. High-resolution cryo-EM structures and biochemical analyses of the human mitoribosome, in complex with mitochondria-specific factors mediating mitoribosome recycling, RRFmt and EF-G2mt, offer insight into mechanisms of mitoribosome recycling and resistance to antibiotic fusidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kiran Koripella
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ayush Deep
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ekansh K Agrawal
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Pooja Keshavan
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Nilesh K Banavali
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rajendra K Agrawal
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
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Watanabe-Nakayama T, Ono K. Acquisition and processing of high-speed atomic force microscopy videos for single amyloid aggregate observation. Methods 2021; 197:4-12. [PMID: 34107352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural dynamics of the amyloid protein aggregation process are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is able to visualize the structural dynamics of individual aggregate species that otherwise cannot be distinguished. HS-AFM observations also detect impurities in the sample, and thus, experiments require relatively high sample purity. To derive valid information regarding the structural dynamics of the sample from the high-speed AFM images, a correction of the influence caused by the drift of the stage (scanner) from all frames is required. However, correcting the HS-AFM videos that consist of a large number of images requires significant effort. Here, using HS-AFM observation of α-synuclein fibril elongation as an example, we propose an HS-AFM image processing procedure to correct stage drift in the x-, y-, and z-directions with the free software ImageJ. ImageJ with default settings and our plugins attached to this article can process and analyze image stacks, which allow users to easily detect and show the temporal change in sample structures. This processing method can be automatically applied to numerous HS-AFM videos by batch processing with a series of ImageJ macrofunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Watanabe-Nakayama
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
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Sahoo A, He Q, Walker SE. Flipping the Switch: An Unexpected Role for aEF1B in Modulating aEF1A Interactions with the Ribosome and tRNA. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167052. [PMID: 34015279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ansuman Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, United States
| | - Qian He
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, United States
| | - Sarah E Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, United States.
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