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M. S. Barron A, Fabre T, De S. Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development. F1000Res 2024; 13:54. [PMID: 38681509 PMCID: PMC11053351 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.143472.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. S. Barron
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Saurav De
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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2
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Sharifi-Rad J, Butnariu M, Ezzat SM, Adetunji CO, Imran M, Sobhani SR, Tufail T, Hosseinabadi T, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Martorell M, Maroyi A, Martins N. Mushrooms-Rich Preparations on Wound Healing: From Nutritional to Medicinal Attributes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:567518. [PMID: 33041809 PMCID: PMC7525158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.567518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have a significant role in human diet as functional food and as a nutraceutical resource. The combination of its umami flavor, protein, vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates has meant that mushrooms could be considered a cheap food source for a long time in many countries. Moreover, mushrooms contain an excellent variety of bioactive metabolites that can be successful in both prevention and treatment of various human health hazards. In addition, extracts from medicinal mushrooms and their metabolites have been verified for wound treating with contribution to different mechanisms of the healing process. This review summarizes the nutritional value and composition of mushrooms, ethnobiology and ethnopharmacology, and wound healing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Seyyed Reza Sobhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahereh Hosseinabadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Ozanne H, Toumi H, Roubinet B, Landemarre L, Lespessailles E, Daniellou R, Cesaro A. Laminarin Effects, a β-(1,3)-Glucan, on Skin Cell Inflammation and Oxidation. Cosmetics 2020; 7:66. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminarin, a β-(1,3)-glucan from the seaweed Laminaria digitata, is a polysaccharide which provides anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Its influence on both human dermal fibroblasts adult (HDFa) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) has not been established yet. Herein, laminarin effects were examined on skin cells’ mitochondrial and antioxidant activities. Cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and procollagen type I secretions and interaction mechanisms were explored after a maximum of 72 h treatment with laminarin. Our results demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial activities with 72 h treatment with laminarin from 500 µg.mL−1 for NHEK cells and from 100 µg.mL−1 for HDFa cells without cytotoxicity. No variation of hyaluronic acid or type I procollagen was observed for all laminarin concentrations, while an antioxidant effect was found against reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 1 µg.mL−1 for HDFa cells in both H2O2 and UVA radiation conditions, and from 10 µg.mL−1 and 1 µg.mL−1 for NHEK cells in both H2O2 and UVA radiation conditions, respectively. Laminarin treatment modulated both cells surface glycosylation and cytokine secretions of skin cells. Overall, our data suggest a positive effect of β-(1,3)-glucan on skin cells on oxidative stress and inflammation induced by environmental factors. Of note, these effects are through the modulation of glycan and receptors interactions at the skin cells surface.
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Yamanaka D, Takatsu K, Kimura M, Swamydas M, Ohnishi H, Umeyama T, Oyama F, Lionakis MS, Ohno N. Development of a novel β-1,6-glucan-specific detection system using functionally-modified recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5362-5376. [PMID: 32132174 PMCID: PMC7170528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-1,3-d-Glucan is a ubiquitous glucose polymer produced by plants, bacteria, and most fungi. It has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with invasive mycoses via a highly-sensitive reagent consisting of the blood coagulation system of horseshoe crab. However, no method is currently available for measuring β-1,6-glucan, another primary β-glucan structure of fungal polysaccharides. Herein, we describe the development of an economical and highly-sensitive and specific assay for β-1,6-glucan using a modified recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase having diminished glucan hydrolase activity. The purified β-1,6-glucanase derivative bound to the β-1,6-glucan pustulan with a KD of 16.4 nm We validated the specificity of this β-1,6-glucan probe by demonstrating its ability to detect cell wall β-1,6-glucan from both yeast and hyphal forms of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, without any detectable binding to glucan lacking the long β-1,6-glucan branch. We developed a sandwich ELISA-like assay with a low limit of quantification for pustulan (1.5 pg/ml), and we successfully employed this assay in the quantification of extracellular β-1,6-glucan released by >250 patient-derived strains of different Candida species (including Candida auris) in culture supernatant in vitro We also used this assay to measure β-1,6-glucan in vivo in the serum and in several organs in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. Our work describes a reliable method for β-1,6-glucan detection, which may prove useful for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| | - Kazushiro Takatsu
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC2), Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Umeyama
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Wang Z, Hua Q, Yang Y. Gold(I)-promoted synthesis of a β-(1,3)-glucan hexadecasaccharide via the highly convergent strategy. Carbohydr Res 2019; 482:107735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Zheng C, Liu C, Chen H, Wang N, Liu X, Sun G, Qiao W. Effective wound dressing based on Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Dextran-aldehyde composite hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:1098-1105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Fusté N, Guasch M, Guillen P, Anerillas C, Cemeli T, Pedraza N, Ferrezuelo F, Encinas M, Moralejo M, Garí E. Barley β-glucan accelerates wound healing by favoring migration versus proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:389-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Sellimi S, Maalej H, Rekik DM, Benslima A, Ksouda G, Hamdi M, Sahnoun Z, Li S, Nasri M, Hajji M. Antioxidant, antibacterial and in vivo wound healing properties of laminaran purified from Cystoseira barbata seaweed. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:633-644. [PMID: 30063934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Laminaran, a polysaccharide extracted from marine algae, exhibits attractive properties being non-toxic, hydrophilic and biodegradable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a cream based on the brown seaweed Cystoseira barbata laminaran (CBL) for healing full thickness wounds induced on rats. The antibacterial activity of CBL was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and the antioxidant properties were assessed using five different assays. To highlight the healing effectiveness of CBL-based cream, the response to treatment was assessed by macroscopic, histologic and biochemical parameters and was compared to controls. CBL, recovered (7.27%) by ultrafiltration (1-10 kDa) and predominantly consisted of (1 → 3)-linked β-d-glucopyranose residues with a small level of (1 → 6)-glycosidic bonds, showed noticeable antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The cream containing CBL as an active ingredient exerted a promoting healing effect. The wound contraction reached 98.57 ± 1.31% after thirteen days of treatment. The derma in CBL treated group is properly arranged and revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities compared with the control groups. Overall, these results established, for the first time, a scientific in vivo evidence of the efficiency of CBL as a wound healing agent of interest in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Sellimi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Hana Maalej
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Dorsaf Moalla Rekik
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine Sfax, Avenue Majida Boulila, 3028 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelkarim Benslima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Ksouda
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Hamdi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine Sfax, Avenue Majida Boulila, 3028 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Suming Li
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR CNRS 5635, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hajji
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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9
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Abstract
β-glucans are derived from a variety of sources including yeast, grain and fungus and belong to the class of drugs known as biological response modifiers. They possess a broad spectrum of biological activities that enhance immunity in humans. One promising area for β-glucans’ application is dermatology, including wound care. Topical applications of β-glucans are increasing, especially due to their pluripotent properties. Macrophages, keratinocytes and fibroblasts are considered the main target cells of β-glucans during wound healing. β-glucans enhance wound repair by increasing the infiltration of macrophages, which stimulates tissue granulation, collagen deposition and reepithelialization. β-glucan wound dressings represent a suitable wound healing agent, with great stability and resistance to wound proteases. This review summarizes the current knowledge and progress made on characterizing β-glucans’ wound healing properties in vitro and in vivo and their safety and efficacy in managing non-healing wounds or other chronic dermatological conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Majtan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 59 Martin, Slovakia.
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10
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Kanno E, Kawakami K, Tanno H, Suzuki A, Sato N, Masaki A, Imamura A, Takagi N, Miura T, Yamamoto H, Ishii K, Hara H, Imai Y, Maruyama R, Tachi M. Contribution of CARD9-mediated signalling to wound healing in skin. Exp Dermatol 2017. [PMID: 28620967 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response after skin injury involves the secretion of a variety of cytokines and growth factors that are necessary for tissue repair. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is an essential signalling adaptor molecule for NF-κB activation upon triggering through C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells. However, the role of CARD9 in inflammatory responses at the wound site has not been elucidated. In this study, we analysed the role of CARD9 in the healing process of skin wounds. Wounds were created on the backs of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and CARD9 gene-disrupted (knockout [KO]) mice. We analysed per cent wound closure, and the wound tissues were harvested for analysis of leucocyte accumulation and cytokine and chemokine expressions. CARD9KO mice exhibited significant attenuation of wound closure compared with WT mice on days 5, 7 and 10 postwounding, which was associated with decreased macrophage accumulation and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL3 and CCL4 expressions. These results suggest that CARD9 may be involved in the wound-healing process through the regulation of macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Suzuki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Airi Masaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayano Imamura
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Imai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoko Maruyama
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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11
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Weishaupt MW, Hahm HS, Geissner A, Seeberger PH. Automated glycan assembly of branched β-(1,3)-glucans to identify antibody epitopes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3591-3594. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the iterative automated glycan assembly (AGA) and glycan array characterization of conjugation-ready linear and branched β-(1,3)-glucans, a heterogeneous class of carbohydrates with immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Weishaupt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - H. S. Hahm
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - A. Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - P. H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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12
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Abstract
In the present study, cyclic β-(1→3) (1→6)glucan/carrageenan hydrogels (CBG/Car) were prepared and theirin vivowound healing potential in rats and their ability to encapsulate a hydrophobic drug, ciprofloxacin, were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju V. Nair
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Maya Raman
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
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13
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Veverka M, Murányi A, Bakoš D, Kochan J, Jorík V, Omastová M. Arabinogalactan:β-glucan as novel biodegradable carriers for recombinant human thrombin. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2015; 27:202-17. [PMID: 26708010 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of incorporating thrombin in arabinogalactan (AG)/β-glucan (BG)-based carriers. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Results, especially deconvoluted XRPD patterns indicated creation of new phases and potential complex formation. Results also highlighted that the AG carrier leads to higher residual thrombin-specific activity, while the in vivo haemostatic effect was enhanced when insoluble BG was present in the matrix. Our results confirm that thrombin can be successfully added to the carriers and that these materials are promising alternatives to standard vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Veverka
- a R&D Department , EUROFINS Bel/Novamann Ltd. , Nové Zámky , Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Murányi
- b Department of Galenical Development , hameln rds a.s. , Modra , Slovak Republic.,c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Galenic Pharmacy , Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Bakoš
- d Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak Technical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Kochan
- e Department of Pharmacology , hameln rds a.s. , Modra , Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimír Jorík
- d Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak Technical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Omastová
- f Polymer Institute , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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14
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Dalonso N, Goldman GH, Gern RMM. β-(1→3),(1→6)-Glucans: medicinal activities, characterization, biosynthesis and new horizons. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7893-906. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Over the last 40 yr, the majority of research on glucans has focused on β-(1→3)-glucans. Recent studies indicate that β-(1→6)-glucans may be even more potent immune modulators than β-(1→3)-glucans. Mechanisms by which β-(1→6)-glucans are recognized and modulate immunity are unknown. In this study, we examined the interaction of purified water-soluble β-(1→6)-glucans with macrophage cell lines and primary peritoneal macrophages and the cellular and molecular consequences of this interaction. Our results indicate the existence of a specific β-(1→6)-glucan receptor that internalizes the glucan ligand via a clathrin-dependent mechanism. We show that the known β-(1→3)-glucans receptors are not responsible for β-(1→6)-glucan recognition and interaction. The receptor-ligand uptake/interaction has an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of ∼ 4 µM, and was associated with phosphorylation of ERK and JNK but not IκB-α or p38. Our results indicate that macrophage interaction with β-(1→6)-glucans may lead to modulation of genes associated with anti-fungal immunity and recruitment/activation of neutrophils. In summary, we show that macrophages specifically bind and internalize β-(1→6)-glucans followed by activation of intracellular signaling and modulation of anti-fungal immune response-related gene regulation. Thus, we conclude that the interaction between innate immunity and β-(1→6)-glucans may play an important role in shaping the anti-fungal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Noss
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammy R Ozment
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Bridget M Graves
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Michael D Kruppa
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Peter J Rice
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Ayoub A, Pereira JM, Rioux LE, Turgeon SL, Beaulieu M, Moulin VJ. Role of seaweed laminaran from Saccharina longicruris on matrix deposition during dermal tissue-engineered production. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:13-20. [PMID: 25603140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has developed a technique to reconstruct in vitro tissue from human cells using the self-assembly tissue-engineering method, which utilizes the ability of fibroblasts to deposit the matrix they secrete. The time necessary for tissue construction, several weeks, is a drawback for many clinical uses. We hypothesized that the addition of laminaran can increase the deposition of matrix, speeding up the production of the tissue. Laminaran was isolated from the brown seaweed Saccharina longicruris harvested in Canada and its structure was evaluated. Laminaran is a small molecular weight polysaccharide composed of linear glucose chains. Monolayer-cultured human skin fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of laminaran with ascorbate for 7 or 35 days to produce a dermis. Treatment did not induce any variation in the growth rate or alpha smooth muscle actin content but it did increase the deposition of collagen I in a dose-dependent manner. After 35 days, the reconstructed dermal thickness was increased when laminaran was added, and collagen I deposition and MMP activity were also significantly increased. Thus, laminaran can be used to increase the rate of production of reconstructed self-assembled dermis and can also potentially be used in cosmetic or therapeutic creams to stimulate matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ayoub
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Universite Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec research center/FRQS, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec city, Canada
| | - Jadson Moreira Pereira
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Universite Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec research center/FRQS, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec city, Canada
| | - Laurie-Eve Rioux
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Department of Food Science, Universite Laval, Quebec city, Canada
| | - Sylvie L Turgeon
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Department of Food Science, Universite Laval, Quebec city, Canada
| | | | - Véronique J Moulin
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Universite Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec research center/FRQS, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec city, Canada.
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Yamamoto K, Kimura T. Orally and Topically Administered Sparassis crispa (Hanabiratake) Improved Healing of Skin Wounds in Mice with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:1303-5. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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van den Berg LM, Zijlstra-willems EM, Richters CD, Ulrich MM, Geijtenbeek TB. Dectin-1 activation induces proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes enhancing wound re-epithelialization. Cell Immunol 2014; 289:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Chen SN, Chang CS, Hung MH, Chen S, Wang W, Tai CJ, Lu CL. The Effect of Mushroom Beta-Glucans from Solid Culture of Ganoderma lucidum on Inhibition of the Primary Tumor Metastasis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014; 2014:252171. [PMID: 24799937 DOI: 10.1155/2014/252171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of mushroom beta-glucans (MBGS) derived from solid culture of Ganoderma lucidum on tumor inhibition by examining size of the primary tumor and rate of metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) bearing mice (C57BL/6), given oral administration of MBGS with radiation therapy. A previous result showed that MBGS enhances NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice without LLC bearing in advance. Furthermore, applications of MBGS in conjunction with radiation therapy were effective in controlling tumor growth, and rate of metastasis, life threatening, and can potentially serve as a protective factor for wounds and hair loss that resulted from the overgrowth of primary tumor in LLC bearing mice.
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Talbott SM, Talbott JA, Talbott TL, Dingler E. β-Glucan supplementation, allergy symptoms, and quality of life in self-described ragweed allergy sufferers. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 1:90-101. [PMID: 24804018 PMCID: PMC3951572 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study compared the effects of daily supplementation for 4 week with 250 mg Wellmune WGP® β-1,3/1,6-Glucan (WGP) with placebo 250 mg/day (rice flour) on physical and psychological health attributes of self-described “moderate” ragweed allergy sufferers. Study participants (mean age = 36 ± 9 year; range 18–53 year) were recruited before the beginning of ragweed season (September) in Northeastern Ohio. Serum IgE concentration, allergy symptoms [via self-report, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ)], psychological well-being [Profile of Mood States (POMS)], and physical function (RAND SF-36 Medical Outcomes Study) were measured immediately prior to and after supplementation with WGP (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24) for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Compared with placebo, WGP reduced total allergy symptoms (28%), symptom severity (52%), and symptom rating on the VAS (37%) (P < 0.05), but had no effect on serum IgE levels. As measured by the POMS, WGP increased participants' rating of vigor (10%), but reduced tension (34%), depression (45%), anger (41%), fatigue (38%), and confusion (34%) (P < 0.05). Study participants given WGP reported increased physical health (11%), energy (19%), and emotional well-being (7%) compared with study participants given the placebo (RAND SF-36 Medical Outcomes Study). The WGP group also reported decreased sleep problems (53%), reduced nasal symptoms (59%), eye symptoms (57%), non-nasal symptoms (50%), activities (53%), emotions (57%), and improved quality of life (QOL) (56%), as well as improved global mood state (13%). Supplementation with WGP for 4 weeks improved allergy symptoms, overall physical health, and emotional well-being compared with placebo in self-described “moderate” ragweed allergy sufferers during ragweed allergy season.
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Weishaupt MW, Matthies S, Seeberger PH. Automated Solid-Phase Synthesis of a β-(1,3)-Glucan Dodecasaccharide. Chemistry 2013; 19:12497-503. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vannucci L, Krizan J, Sima P, Stakheev D, Caja F, Rajsiglova L, Horak V, Saieh M. Immunostimulatory properties and antitumor activities of glucans (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:357-64. [PMID: 23739801 PMCID: PMC3775562 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New foods and natural biological modulators have recently become of scientific interest in the investigation of the value of traditional medical therapeutics. Glucans have an important part in this renewed interest. These fungal wall components are claimed to be useful for various medical purposes and they are obtained from medicinal mushrooms commonly used in traditional Oriental medicine. The immunotherapeutic properties of fungi extracts have been reported, including the enhancement of anticancer immunity responses. These properties are principally related to the stimulation of cells of the innate immune system. The discovery of specific receptors for glucans on dendritic cells (dectin-1), as well as interactions with other receptors, mainly expressed by innate immune cells (e.g., Toll-like receptors, complement receptor-3), have raised new attention toward these products as suitable therapeutic agents. We briefly review the characteristics of the glucans from mycelial walls as modulators of the immunity and their possible use as antitumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Du B, Bian Z, Xu B. Skin Health Promotion Effects of Natural Beta-Glucan Derived from Cereals and Microorganisms: A Review. Phytother Res 2013; 28:159-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Analysis and Testing Center; Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology; Qinhuangdao Hebei 066600 China
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program; Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College; Zhuhai Guangdong 519085 China
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Yu P, Chao X. Statistics-based optimization of the extraction process of kelp polysaccharide and its activities. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 91:356-62. [PMID: 23044143 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Statistics-based response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process of kelp polysaccharide and its activities were evaluated. Single factor experiment was first designed for determining the optimal range of each of four factors and these factors were further optimized using RSM with a CCD design. The optimal conditions were as follows: pH 3.4, temperature 83 °C, extraction time 3.95 h and ratio of water to kelp 1:23. Under the above conditions, the yield of kelp polysaccharide obtained was 1.26%. Scavenging percentages of free radicals OH, O(2)(-) and DPPH by kelp polysaccharide were up to 90.8% (1.6 mg/mL), 85% (1 mg/mL) and 23.8% (1 mg/mL), respectively. An increase of 86% in the biosynthetic activity of collagen was obtained at a kelp polysaccharide concentration of 0.25%. All these results indicate that kelp polysaccharide may be a good candidate as an effective ingredient of cosmetics for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 149 Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou 310035, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Kim HL, Lee JH, Lee MH, Kwon BJ, Park JC. Evaluation of electrospun (1,3)-(1,6)-β-D-glucans/biodegradable polymer as artificial skin for full-thickness wound healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2315-22. [PMID: 22724634 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1,3)-(1,6)-β-D-glucan (BG), a natural product of glucose polymers, has immune stimulatory activity that is especially effective in wound healing. In this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) membranes containing BGs (BG/PLGA membranes) were investigated for their wound-healing effects. The growth rate of human dermal fibroblasts was enhanced in BG/PLGA membranes. Their growth rates were improved with the increase of BG concentration in the membranes. The PLGA membranes with and without BGs were treated in full-thickness skin wound using male BALB/c nude mice (n=6 for each group). According to the animal study, BG/PLGA membranes enhanced the interaction with the surrounding cells in wound sites. In the wound site treated BG/PLGA, the positive of the Ki-67 (a proliferation cell marker) and the CD 31 (an endothelial cell marker) were 77.2%±5.6% and 34±8.6 capillaries. In the wound site treated PLGA, the Ki-67 positive cells were 51.3%±7.0%, and the positive-stained capillaries of CD 31 were 22.7±8.6. The wound site treated with BG/PLGA membranes was stronger stained of them in the wound site than those of the wound sites treated with PLGA membranes. BG/PLGA membranes accelerated wound healing by improving the interaction, proliferation of cells, and angiogenesis. BG/PLGA membranes can be useful as a skin substitute for enhancing wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lee Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cao Z, Liao L, Chen X, Lan L, Hu H, Liu Z, Chen L, Huang S, Du J. Enhancement of antitumor activity of low-dose 5-fluorouracil by combination with Fuzheng-Yiliu granules in hepatoma 22 tumor-bearing mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 12:174-81. [PMID: 22791308 DOI: 10.1177/1534735412450514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adverse effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are well recognized. Fuzheng-Yiliu granule (FYG) is capable of enhancing the immune function and suppressing tumor growth. In the present study, the authors evaluated if FYG could synergize with low-dose 5-FU in inhibiting tumor growth. METHODS Hepatoma 22 (H22) tumor-bearing mice were treated with FYG (18 g/kg, ig), 5-FU (10 mg/kg, ip), or 5-FU plus FYG for 5 days. The relative tumor proliferation rates, tumor weight and apoptosis of tumor tissue were measured. White blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte (LY) were counted. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) in the serum were measured. RESULTS FYG alone had antitumor effect. Combination of 5-FU and FYG produced a more potent antitumor effect and caused more marked apoptosis in tumor tissue (compared with vehicle, P < 0.01; compared with 5-FU or FYG, P < 0.05). Mice treated with 5-FU plus FYG had higher thymus index (P < 0.05) compared with the vehicle group. The numbers of both WBC and LY were decreased by 5-FU (compared with vehicle, P < 0.01), which was significantly reversed after FYG was administered (5-FU + FYG vs 5-FU, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Mice receiving FYG alone or FYG plus 5-FU had higher serum levels of TNF-a (P <0.01) compared with the vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Traditional Chinese medical herbs capable of strengthening the body's vital energy have great potential to be used as an adjuvant therapy for cancer patients who cannot tolerate the adverse effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Cao
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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O'Brien XM, Heflin KE, Lavigne LM, Yu K, Kim M, Salomon AR, Reichner JS. Lectin site ligation of CR3 induces conformational changes and signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3337-48. [PMID: 22158618 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.298307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils provide an innate immune response to tissues infected with fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans. This response is tightly regulated in part through the interaction of integrins with extracellular matrix ligands that are distributed within infected tissues. The β(2) integrin, CR3 (CD11b/CD18), is unique among integrins in containing a lectin-like domain that binds the fungal pathogen-associated molecular pattern β-glucan and serves as the dominant receptor for recognition of fungal pathogens by human granulocytes. β-Glucan, when isolated in soluble form, has been shown to be a safe and effective immune potentiator when administered therapeutically. Currently a pharmaceutical grade preparation of β-glucan is in several clinical trials with an anti-cancer indication. CR3 binding of extracellular matrix, carbohydrate, or both ligands simultaneously differentially regulates neutrophil function through a mechanism not clearly understood. Using FRET reporters, we interrogated the effects of soluble β-glucan on intracellular and extracellular CR3 structure. Although the canonical CR3 ligand fibrinogen induced full activation, β-glucan alone or in conjunction with fibrinogen stabilized an intermediate conformation with moderate headpiece extension and full cytoplasmic tail separation. A set of phosphopeptides differentially regulated by β-glucan in a CR3-dependent manner were identified using functional proteomics and found to be enriched for signaling molecules and proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, mRNA processing, and alternative splicing. These data confirm that CR3 is a signaling pattern recognition receptor for β-glucan and represent the first direct evidence of soluble β-glucan binding and affecting a signaling-competent intermediate CR3 conformation on living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian M O'Brien
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
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Yan H, Kakuta S, Nishihara M, Sugi M, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Iwakura Y, Tsuji NM. Kjellmaniella crassifolia Miyabe (Gagome) extract modulates intestinal and systemic immune responses. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:2178-83. [PMID: 22056443 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kjellmaniella crassifolia Miyabe (gagome) is a brown alga. Oral gagome administration (oral gagome) resulted in significant upregulation of IL-10 and IFNγ production by Peyer's patch cells. To assess the adjuvant activity of oral gagome, treated mice were subcutaneously injected with ovalbumin (OVA). The production of cytokines from antigen (Ag)-specific T cells in draining lymph nodes (dLN) and their proliferative response were significantly increased as compared with the control group. These enhancements were associated with increased CD44(hi)CD62L(-) activated/memory T cells in dLN as well as upregulation of Ag-specific IgA level in luminal contents. No upregulation of cytokine production by dLN T cells was observed in dectin-1-deficient mice, suggesting that the effect of gagome on cytokine production is largely dependent on the dectin-1 pathway despite its composite constituents. Our findings indicate that gagome is an effective immunomodulator and a potent adjuvant for both the intestinal and the systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- Molecular Composite Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
1,3-β-Glucans are a class of natural polysaccharides with unique pharmacological properties and the ability to form single- and triple-helical structures that can be formed into resilient gels with the application of heat and humidity. The pharmacological capabilities of 1,3-β-glucans include the impartation of tumor inhibition, resistance to infectious disease, and improvements in wound healing. Curdlan is a linear 1,3-β-glucan that has been used extensively to study the nature of these helical structures and gels, and Curdlan sulfates have found ongoing application in the inhibition of HIV infection. 1,3-β-Glucan gels have been used in food science as stabilizers and encapsulating agents, in nanoscience as scaffolds to build nanofibers and nanowires, and in drug delivery to form nanoparticles and create helical micelles encapsulating polynucleotides. 1,3-β-Glucans are beginning to have enormous significance due to their dual nature as structure-forming agents and pharmacological substances, and research is especially focused on the application of these polymers in animal nutrition and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Lehtovaara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Botanical Compounds and Their Dermatologic and Cosmetic Uses. Herbal Principles in Cosmetics. CRC Press; 2010. pp. 9-28. [DOI: 10.1201/ebk1439812136-c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Woo YI, Park BJ, Kim HL, Lee MH, Kim J, Yang YI, Kim JK, Tsubaki K, Han DW, Park JC. The biological activities of (1,3)-(1,6)-β-d-glucan and porous electrospun PLGA membranes containing β-glucan in human dermal fibroblasts and adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:044109. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/4/044109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kwon A, Qiu Z, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto K, Kimura T. Effects of medicinal mushroom (Sparassis crispa) on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Surg 2009; 197:503-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Soltanian S, Stuyven E, Cox E, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Beta-glucans as immunostimulant in vertebrates and invertebrates. Crit Rev Microbiol 2009; 35:109-38. [DOI: 10.1080/10408410902753746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Adams EL, Rice PJ, Graves B, Ensley HE, Yu H, Brown GD, Gordon S, Monteiro MA, Papp-Szabo E, Lowman DW, Power TD, Wempe MF, Williams DL. Differential high-affinity interaction of dectin-1 with natural or synthetic glucans is dependent upon primary structure and is influenced by polymer chain length and side-chain branching. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:115-23. [PMID: 18171906 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.133124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucans are structurally diverse fungal biopolymers that stimulate innate immunity and are fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Dectin-1 is a C-type lectin-like pattern recognition receptor that binds glucans and induces innate immune responses to fungal pathogens. We examined the effect of glucan structure on recognition and binding by murine recombinant Dectin-1 with a library of natural product and synthetic (1-->3)-beta/(1-->6)-beta-glucans as well as nonglucan polymers. Dectin-1 is highly specific for glucans with a pure (1-->3)-beta-linked backbone structure. Although Dectin-1 is highly specific for (1-->3)-beta-d-glucans, it does not recognize all glucans equally. Dectin-1 differentially interacted with (1-->3)-beta-d-glucans over a very wide range of binding affinities (2.6 mM-2.2 pM). One of the most striking observations that emerged from this study was the remarkable high-affinity interaction of Dectin-1 with certain glucans (2.2 pM). These data also demonstrated that synthetic glucan ligands interact with Dectin-1 and that binding affinity increased in synthetic glucans containing a single glucose side-chain branch. We also observed differential recognition of glucans derived from saprophytes and pathogens. We found that glucan derived from a saprophytic yeast was recognized with higher affinity than glucan derived from the pathogen Candida albicans. Structural analysis demonstrated that glucan backbone chain length and (1-->6)-beta side-chain branching strongly influenced Dectin-1 binding affinity. These data demonstrate: 1) the specificity of Dectin-1 for glucans; 2) that Dectin-1 differentiates between glucan ligands based on structural determinants; and 3) that Dectin-1 can recognize and interact with both natural product and synthetic glucan ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Adams
- Department of Surgery, PO Box 70575, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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Ruszova E, Pavek S, Hajkova V, Jandova S, Velebny V, Papezikova I, Kubala L. Photoprotective effects of glucomannan isolated from Candida utilis. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:501-11. [PMID: 18067882 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucomannans belong to yeast and fungal cell wall polysaccharides with known immunostimulatory and radioprotective effects. However, glucomannan protective effects against pathological consequences of skin exposure to short wavelength solar light, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are unclear. Herein, a highly branched glucomannan (GM) isolated from the cell wall of Candida utilis, a member of the alpha-(1-->6)-D-mannan group, was tested for its photoprotective effects in an in vitro model of UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes and an in vivo model of UV-induced erythema formation in human volunteers. GM suppressed the UVB-induced decrease of keratinocyte viability, which was connected with the suppression of UVB-induced keratinocyte apoptosis. GM reduced UVB-mediated caspase activation together with suppression of DNA fragment release into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, GM suppressed UVB-induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers including nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukins 8 and 1, together with suppression of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1alpha protein release. In vivo, GM decreased UV-induced skin erythema formation, which was correlated with a decrease of phosholipase A(2) activity within the stratum corneum. It could be concluded that GM isolated from C. utilis possesses significant photoprotective effects on human keratinocytes in vitro as well as in vivo.
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Kelly MM, McNagny K, Williams DL, van Rooijen N, Maxwell L, Gwozd C, Mody CH, Kubes P. The lung responds to zymosan in a unique manner independent of toll-like receptors, complement, and dectin-1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 38:227-38. [PMID: 17717323 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0045oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies indicate that the inflammatory response to zymosan, a fungal wall preparation, is dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and that this response is enhanced by the dectin-1 receptor. Complement may also play an important role in this inflammatory response. However, the relevance of these molecules within the in vivo pulmonary environment remains unknown. To examine pulmonary in vivo inflammatory responses of the lung to zymosan, zymosan was administered by intratracheal aerosolization to C57BL/6, TLR2- TLR4-, MyD88-, and complement-deficient mice. Outcomes included bronchoalveolar fluid cell counts. We next examined effects of dectin-1 inhibition on response to zymosan in alveolar macrophages in vitro and in lungs of C57BL/6, TLR2-, and complement-deficient mice. Finally, the effect of alveolar macrophage depletion on in vivo pulmonary responses was assessed. Marked zymosan-induced neutrophil responses were unaltered in TLR2-deficient mice despite a TLR2-dependent response seen with synthetic TLR2 agonists. TLR4, MyD88, and complement activation were not required for the inflammatory response to zymosan. Although dectin-1 receptor inhibition blocked the inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages to zymosan in vitro, in vivo pulmonary leukocyte recruitment was not altered even in the absence of TLR2 or complement. Depletion of alveolar macrophages did not affect the response to zymosan. Neither complement, macrophages, nor TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and/or dectin-1 receptors were involved in the pulmonary in vivo inflammatory response to zymosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Kelly
- Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Calgary, Room 1863, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1 Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible antimicrobial activities and the detoxification (endotoxin binding and free radical scavenging) properties of Cerdak. METHOD In order to measure the antimicrobial activity of Cerdak, microorganisms were separately inoculated into nutrient agar in the presence of Cerdak, and growth was observed over 48 hours. Cerdak was incubated with 4000EU/ml endotoxin, and the residual endotoxin was determined over 24 hours. The decrease in the colour of ABTS and DPPH (inorganic free radicals) in the presence of Cerdak was colourimetrically monitored as a measure of Cerdax's free radical scavenging ability. DNA was exposed to hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation in the presence and absence of Cerdak. The DNA strand break was then observed through electrophoresis. RESULTS While Cerdak had little or no antibacterial activities, it demonstrated a high water and endotoxin-binding capacity. It also protected DNA from damage by reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The detoxification properties of Cerdak could contribute to its healing abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa.
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Porcu M, Guarna F, Formentini L, Faraco G, Fossati S, Mencucci R, Rapizzi E, Menchini U, Moroni F, Chiarugi A. Carboxymethyl β-glucan Binds to Corneal Epithelial Cells and Increases Cell Adhesion to Laminin and Resistance to Oxidative Stress. Cornea 2007; 26:73-9. [PMID: 17198017 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e31802e3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polysaccharides are frequently used as viscoelastic agents to improve pharmacokinetics of ophthalmic preparations. Recently, polysaccharides from yeast cell walls such as beta-glucans have emerged as bioactive molecules endowed with immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of carboxymethyl beta-glucan (CMG), a water-soluble derivative of yeast beta-glucan, on cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells. METHODS We developed a fluorescein-labeled CMG to visualize its binding to corneal cells by means of digital microscopy and image deconvolution. The effects of CMG on adhesion and survival of corneal epithelial cells exposed to noxious stimuli were also studied. RESULTS CMG binds defined regions scattered throughout the body of corneal cells, suggesting binding specificity. Tridimensional reconstruction of fluorescence shows that binding is localized mainly at the plasma and nuclear membranes. Interestingly, CMG binding is highly represented at the level of focal adhesion of cells spreading onto laminin. Accordingly, CMG promotes adhesion of corneal epithelial cells to laminin without affecting their proliferation rate. CMG also protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent cell death, being ineffective in preventing ultraviolet B cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Data show that CMG dynamically binds to corneal epithelial cells, promoting cell adhesion and resistance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Porcu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Hrckova G, Velebný S, Daxnerová Z, Solár P. Praziquantel and liposomized glucan-treatment modulated liver fibrogenesis and mastocytosis in mice infected with Mesocestoides vogae (M. corti, Cestoda) tetrathyridia. Parasitology 2006; 132:581-94. [PMID: 16556345 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005009364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Beta-glucans are immunomodulators able to activate innate immunity and to potentiate acquired immune reactions. We investigated the impact of co-administration of liposomized beta-glucan on the larvicidal effect of the anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) in the livers and peritoneal cavities in mice infected with Mesocestoides vogae (M. corti). Also, within 2 weeks following therapy (up to day 29 p.i.) we examined collagen synthesis in the livers of mice by means of biochemical determination of hydroxyproline concentration, total mast cell counts and cell proliferative capacity using immunohistochemical and radiometrical methods. After co-administration of liposomized glucan (LG) and PZQ efficacy (%) was significantly higher than after treatment with either compound alone, particularly in the peritoneal cavity compared to the liver. In comparison with the control, more intense collagenesis was found in the B-liver parts (high intensity of infection) and lowering of collagen content in the A-parts (very weak infection). This effect was strongest after LG treatment and co-administration of PZQ abolished the pro-fibrotic effect of LG. In all groups, mast cell counts were higher in the B-liver parts than in the A-parts and the dynamics of mastocytosis was profoundly modulated following therapy. Whereas the effect of PZQ was only moderate, early and very strong onset was seen after LG treatment. Administration of PZQ suppressed LG induced-elevation of mast cells counts in both liver parts. Using DNA S-phase markers (BrdU and 3H-thymidine) the proliferative capacity was shown to be associated with several kinds of liver cells. Therapy significantly stimulated [3H]-thymidine incorporation (cell proliferation) only in the A-parts over that in control, the most after LG administration. In summary (i) the anthelmintic effect of PZQ could be enhanced after simultaneous administration of the immunomodulator beta-glucan entrapped in a liposomal carrier, (ii) intense mastocytosis seen after treatment with LG seems to have a direct role in the glucan's pro-fibrotic activity and can be abolished after co-administration of PZQ in a time-dependent manner, (iii) the pattern of cell proliferation indicates that in the case of PZQ treatment, the reparative processes of liver parenchyma are enhanced in an inverse correlation with the intensity of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hrckova
- Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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41
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Ozment-Skelton TR, Goldman MP, Gordon S, Brown GD, Williams DL. Prolonged reduction of leukocyte membrane-associated Dectin-1 levels following beta-glucan administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:540-6. [PMID: 16632639 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1 is the primary pattern recognition receptor for fungal glucans. Dectin-1 mediates the internalization and biological response to glucans. We examined the effect of i.v. or i.p. glucan phosphate (GP) administration on Dectin-1 membrane expression in murine peripheral blood leukocytes, splenocytes, bone marrow, and peritoneal cells from 3 h to 10 days after injection. Circulating leukocytes were also examined for uptake and internalization of glucans from the blood. Fluorescent-labeled GP was taken up from the systemic circulation by circulating peripheral leukocytes, splenocytes, and peritoneal cells. Following internalization, glucan colocalized with Dectin-1 in an intracellular vesicle. A single parenteral injection of GP resulted in a significant reduction (approximately 33-85%) in peripheral leukocyte membrane-associated Dectin-1 positivity that lasted for up to 7 days. The loss of leukocyte membrane-associated Dectin-1 after GP administration was primarily due to decreased levels of Dectin-1 on neutrophil and monocyte membranes with no significant changes in the percentage of neutrophils or monocytes circulating in the blood. Administration of control carbohydrate polymers, i.e., mannan or pullulan, which are not ligands for Dectin-1, did not decrease Dectin-1 leukocyte positivity, indicating that the effect on Dectin-1 is specific to glucans. In fact, mannan administration increased leukocyte Dectin-1 positivity, thus demonstrating a differential effect on leukocyte Dectin-1, compared with GP. We conclude that systemic administration of GP has a specific and prolonged effect on loss of leukocyte membrane Dectin-1 positivity. These data may have important implications for developing dosing regimens for immunomodulatory carbohydrates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Depression, Chemical
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemical synthesis
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intravenous
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/cytology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Mannans/pharmacology
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/metabolism
- beta-Glucans/chemistry
- beta-Glucans/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy R Ozment-Skelton
- Department of Surgery, P.O. Box 70575, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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Luhm J, Langenkamp U, Hensel J, Frohn C, Brand JM, Hennig H, Rink L, Koritke P, Wittkopf N, Williams DL, Mueller A. Beta-(1-->3)-D-glucan modulates DNA binding of nuclear factors kappaB, AT and IL-6 leading to an anti-inflammatory shift of the IL-1beta/IL-1 receptor antagonist ratio. BMC Immunol 2006; 7:5. [PMID: 16553947 PMCID: PMC1472690 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-1-->3-D-glucans represent a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and are able to modify biological responses. Employing a comprehensive methodological approach, the aim of our in vitro study was to elucidate novel molecular and cellular mechanisms of human peripheral blood immune cells mediated by a fungal beta-1-->3-D-glucan, i.e. glucan phosphate, in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). RESULTS Despite an activation of nuclear factor (NF) kappaB, NFinterleukin(IL)-6 and NFAT similar to LPS or TSST-1, we observed no significant production of IL-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha or interferon gamma induced by glucan phosphate. Glucan phosphate-treated leukocytes induced a substantial amount of IL-8 (peak at 18 h: 5000 pg/ml), likely due to binding of NFkappaB to a consensus site in the IL-8 promoter. An increase in IL-1receptor antagonist (RA) production (peak at 24 h: 12000 pg/ml) by glucan phosphate-treated cells positively correlated with IL-8 levels. Glucan phosphate induced significant binding to a known NFIL-6 site and a new NFAT site within the IL-1RA promoter, which was confirmed by inhibition experiments. When applied in combination with either LPS or TSST-1 at the same time points, we detected that glucan phosphate elevated the LPS- and the TSST-1-induced DNA binding of NFkappaB, NFIL-6 and NFAT, leading to a synergistic increase of IL-1RA. Further, glucan phosphate modulated the TSST-1-induced inflammatory response via reduction of IL-1beta and IL-6. As a consequence, glucan phosphate shifted the TSST-1-induced IL-1beta/IL-1RA ratio towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Subsequently, glucan phosphate decreased the TSST-1-induced, IL-1-dependent production of IL-2. CONCLUSION Thus, beta-1-->3-D-glucans may induce beneficial effects in the presence of pro-inflammatory responses, downstream of receptor binding and signaling by switching a pro- to an anti-inflammatory IL-1RA-mediated reaction. Our results also offer new insights into the complex regulation of the IL-1RA gene, which can be modulated by a beta-1-->3-D-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Luhm
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Langenkamp
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jenny Hensel
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Frohn
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joerg M Brand
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Holger Hennig
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Petra Koritke
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nadine Wittkopf
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery and Immunopharmacology Research Group, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Antje Mueller
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
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Zeković DB, Kwiatkowski S, Vrvić MM, Jakovljević D, Moran CA. Natural and modified (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in health promotion and disease alleviation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2006; 25:205-30. [PMID: 16419618 DOI: 10.1080/07388550500376166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of polysaccharides with beta-glycosidic linkage are widespread in nature in a variety of sources. All have a common structure and the (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan backbone is essential. They have attracted attention over the years because of their bioactive and medicinal properties. In many cases their functional role is a mystery, in others it is well established. Because of their insoluble chemical nature, particulate (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans are not suitable for many medical applications. Various methods of changing or modifying the beta-D-glucan chemical structure and transforming it to a soluble form have been published. The beta-D-glucan bioactive properties can be affected positively or negatively by such modifications. This review examines beta-glucan sources in nature, health effects and structure-activity relationships. It presents the current state of beta-D-glucan solubilization methods and discusses their effectiveness and application possibilities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje B Zeković
- Alltech's North American Bioscience Center, 3031 Catnip Hill Pike, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
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Kuo MC, Weng CY, Ha CL, Wu MJ. Ganoderma lucidum mycelia enhance innate immunity by activating NF-kappaB. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 103:217-22. [PMID: 16169168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a popular medicinal mushroom in China and Japan for its immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of dried mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum produced by submerged cultivation on the enhancement of innate immune response. We found that Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (0.2-1.6 mg/ml) stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-6 production after 8h treatment in human whole blood. IFN-gamma release from human whole blood was also enhanced after 3 day-culture with Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (0.2-1.0mg/ml). However, Ganoderma lucidum mycelia did not potentiate nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. To better understand the possible immuno-enhancement mechanisms involved, we focused on nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (1.6 mg/ml) activated kappaB DNA binding activity in RAW264.7 cells. These results provide supporting evidences for the immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan, ROC
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Miadoková E, Svidová S, Vlčková V, Dúhová V, Pražmáriová E, Tothová K, Naďová S, Kogan G, Rauko P. The role of natural biopolymers in genotoxicity of mutagens/carcinogens elimination. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2005. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2005.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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46
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Bae JT, Sim GS, Lee DH, Lee BC, Pyo HB, Choe TB, Yun JW. Production of exopolysaccharide from mycelial culture ofGrifola frondosaand its inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in UV-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 251:347-54. [PMID: 16165320 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 08/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) was prepared by submerged mycelial culture of a newly isolated mushroom Grifola frondosa HB0071 in a 5-l stirred-tank fermenter. This fungus produced a high concentration of biomass (24.8 gl(-1) at day 4), thereby achieving high EPS concentration (7.2 gl(-1) at day 4). EPS was proven to be a proteoglycan consisting of 85.6% carbohydrates (mostly glucose) and 7.3% proteins with a molecular weight of 1.0 x 10(6) Da. The photoprotective potential of EPS was tested in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to ultraviolet-A (UVA) light. It was revealed that EPS had an inhibitory effect on human interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-1) expression in UVA-irradiated HDF without any significant cytotoxicity. The treatment of UVA-irradiated HDF with EPS resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the expression level of MMP-1 mRNA (by maximum 61.1% at an EPS concentration 250 microgml(-1)). These results suggest that EPS obtained from mycelial culture of G. frondosa HB0071 may contribute to inhibitory action in photoaging skin by reducing the MMP 1-related matrix degradation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tae Bae
- R and D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co., Chungbuk 369-830, Republic of Korea
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47
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Rice PJ, Adams EL, Ozment-Skelton T, Gonzalez AJ, Goldman MP, Lockhart BE, Barker LA, Breuel KF, Deponti WK, Kalbfleisch JH, Ensley HE, Brown GD, Gordon S, Williams DL. Oral delivery and gastrointestinal absorption of soluble glucans stimulate increased resistance to infectious challenge. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:1079-86. [PMID: 15976018 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.085415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucans are immunomodulatory carbohydrates found in the cell walls of fungi and certain bacteria. We examined the pharmacokinetics of three water-soluble glucans (glucan phosphate, laminarin, and scleroglucan) after oral administration of 1 mg/kg doses in rats. Maximum plasma concentrations for glucan phosphate occurred at 4 h. In contrast, laminarin and scleroglucan showed two plasma peaks between 0.5 and 12 h. At 24 h, 27 +/- 3% of the glucan phosphate and 20 +/- 7% of the laminarin remained in the serum. Scleroglucan was rapidly absorbed and eliminated. The liver did not significantly contribute to the clearance of plasma glucan. Biological effects were further studied in mice. Following oral administration of 1 mg, glucans were bound and internalized by intestinal epithelial cells and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) cells. Internalization of glucan by intestinal epithelial cells was not Dectin-dependent. GALT expression of Dectin-1 and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, but not TLR4, increased following oral administration of glucan. Oral glucan increased systemic levels of interleukin (IL)-12 (151 +/- 15%) in mice. Oral glucan administration also increased survival in mice challenged with Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. These data demonstrate that orally administered water-soluble glucans translocate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into the systemic circulation. The glucans are bound by GI epithelial and GALT cells, and they modulate the expression of pattern recognition receptors in the GALT, increase IL-12 expression, and induce protection against infectious challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rice
- Department of Pharmacology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Lull C, Wichers HJ, Savelkoul HFJ. Antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties of fungal metabolites. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005:63-80. [PMID: 16030389 PMCID: PMC1160565 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss current information on the ability of extracts and isolated metabolites from mushrooms to modulate immune responses. This can result in a more enhanced innate and acquired disease resistance. The major immunomodulating effects of these active substances derived from mushrooms include mitogenicity and activation of immune effector cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells, resulting in the production of cytokines, including interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-alpha, and interferon gamma (INF)-gamma. In particular, the ability of selective mushroom extracts to modulate the differentiation capacity of CD4(+) T cells to mature into T(H)1 and/or T(H)2 subsets will be discussed. As a consequence these extracts will have profound effects in particular diseases, like chronic autoimmune T(H)1-mediated or allergic T(H)2-mediated diseases. Immunosuppressive effects by mushroom components have also been observed. The therapeutic effects of mushrooms, such as anticancer activity, suppression of autoimmune diseases, and allergy have been associated with their immunomodulating effects. However, further studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of the immunomodulating effects of mushrooms metabolites both individually and in complex mixtures, for example, extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lull
- Agrotechnology and Food Innovations, Wageningen University and Research Center, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J. Wichers
- Agrotechnology and Food Innovations, Wageningen University and Research Center, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Lee D, Han DW, Park B, Baek HS, Takatori K, Aihara M, Tsubaki K, Park JC. The Influences of β-Glucan Associated with BMP-7 on MC3T3-E1 Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 288-289:241-4. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.288-289.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
b-glucan, an immunomodulator, can selectively enhance the immunobiological
activities of neutrophils and macrophages without stimulating proinflammatory cytokine production. Biologic response modifiers, like beta-glucan, will modulate immunity, modify neoplastic disease and increase resistance to microbial challenge. Therefore, beta-glucan polymers can be applied in bone induction and regeneration model and have a possibility of association with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) because of tissue-regenerative and antimicrobial effects of those polymers. In this report, we studied an E. coli expression system for BMP-7 production and the biological activities of b-glucan associated with BMP-7. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells was enhanced by treatment with Aureobasidium b-glucan, while neither mushroom b-glucan nor barley b-glucan increased the cell proliferation. Mushroom b-glucan alone or associated with BMP-7 increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, one of the osteoblast phenotype markers, but the other b-glucans did not affect ALP activity
of the cells. In mineralization assay, a highly significant increase in nodular staining was observed in cultures treated with both mushroom and Aureobasidium b-glucans in the presence of BMP-7 compared with nontreated controls, while barley b-glucan showed a significant decrease in nodule number compared with cultures treated only with BMP-7.
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Rice PJ, Lockhart BE, Barker LA, Adams EL, Ensley HE, Williams DL. Pharmacokinetics of fungal (1–3)-β-d-glucans following intravenous administration in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:1209-15. [PMID: 15251116 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucans are microbial cell wall carbohydrates that are shed into the circulation of patients with infections. Glucans are immunomodulatory and have structures that are influenced by bacterial or fungal species and growth conditions. We developed a method to covalently label carbohydrates with a fluorophore on the reducing terminus, and used the method to study the pharmacokinetics following intravenous administration of three highly purified and characterized glucans (glucan phosphate, laminarin and scleroglucan) that varied according to molecular size, branching frequency and solution conformation. Elimination half-life was longer (3.8+/-0.8 vs. 2.6+/-0.2 and 3.1+/-0.6 h) and volume of distribution lower (350+/-88 ml/kg vs. 540+/-146 and 612+/-154 ml/kg) for glucan phosphate than for laminarin and scleroglucan. Clearance was lower for glucan phosphate (42+/-6 ml/kg h) than for laminarin (103+/-17 ml/kg h) and scleroglucan (117+/-19 ml/kg h). Since plasma levels at steady state are inversely related to clearance, these differences suggest that pharmacokinetics could favor higher blood levels of glucans with certain physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rice
- Department of Pharmacology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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