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Deng B, Wang K, Zhang L, Qiu Z, Dong W, Wang W. Photodynamic Therapy for Inflammatory and Cancerous Diseases of the Intestines: Molecular Mechanisms and Prospects for Application. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4793-4810. [PMID: 37781521 PMCID: PMC10539702 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment that effectively targets cancer and inflammatory diseases. It has gained recognition for its efficacy, low toxicity, and potential for repeated use. Colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC), impose a significant burden on global intestinal health, with increasing incidence and prevalence rates. PDT shows promise as an emerging approach for gastrointestinal disease treatment, particularly IBD and CRC. Extensive preclinical research has demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of PDT for IBD and CRC, while clinical studies are currently underway. This review provides an overview of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of PDT, offering insights into the clinical application of PDT in IBD and CRC treatment. It is expected that this review will serve as a valuable reference for future research on PDT for CRC and IBD, contributing to advancements in the treatment of inflammatory and cancerous diseases of the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiying Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Wu T, Jiang Y, Shi W, Wang Y, Li T. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a novel targeted approach to repair bone defects by regulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:480. [PMID: 37464413 PMCID: PMC10353205 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration therapy is clinically important, and targeted regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is important in regenerative medicine. The processing of proteins in the ER controls cell fate. The accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins occurs in pathological states, triggering ER stress. ER stress restores homeostasis through three main mechanisms, including protein kinase-R-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1ɑ (IRE1ɑ) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the UPR has both adaptive and apoptotic effects. Modulation of ER stress has therapeutic potential for numerous diseases. Repair of bone defects involves both angiogenesis and bone regeneration. Here, we review the effects of ER stress on osteogenesis and angiogenesis, with emphasis on ER stress under high glucose (HG) and inflammatory conditions, and the use of ER stress inducers or inhibitors to regulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In addition, we highlight the ability for exosomes to regulate ER stress. Recent advances in the regulation of ER stress mediated osteogenesis and angiogenesis suggest novel therapeutic options for bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weipeng Shi
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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3
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Ma TF, Fan YR, Zhao YH, Liu B. Emerging role of autophagy in colorectal cancer: Progress and prospects for clinical intervention. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:979-987. [PMID: 37389106 PMCID: PMC10302997 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i6.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a physiological mechanism in which cells degrade themselves and quickly recover the degraded cell components. Recent studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of colorectal cancer. In the early stages of colorectal cancer, autophagy can inhibit the production and development of tumors through multiple mechanisms such as maintaining DNA stability, inducing tumor death, and enhancing immune surveillance. However, as colorectal cancer progresses, autophagy may mediate tumor resistance, enhance tumor metabolism, and other pathways to promote tumor development. Therefore, intervening in autophagy at the appropriate time has broad clinical application prospects. This article summarizes the recent research progress of autophagy and colorectal cancer and is expected to provide new theoretical basis and reference for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fei Ma
- Department of Breast Internal Medicine Ⅱ, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue-Ren Fan
- Department of Breast Internal Medicine Ⅱ, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Hang Zhao
- Department of Breast Internal Medicine Ⅱ, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Breast Internal Medicine Ⅱ, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
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4
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Vadarevu H, Sorinolu AJ, Munir M, Vivero-Escoto JL. Autophagy Regulation Using Multimodal Chlorin e6-Loaded Polysilsesquioxane Nanoparticles to Improve Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051548. [PMID: 37242794 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anticancer noninvasive technique that relies on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Unfortunately, PDT still has many limitations, including the resistance developed by cancer cells to the cytotoxic effect of ROS. Autophagy, which is a stress response mechanism, has been reported as a cellular pathway that reduces cell death following PDT. Recent studies have demonstrated that PDT in combination with other therapies can eliminate anticancer resistance. However, combination therapy is usually challenged by the differences in the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. Nanomaterials are excellent delivery systems for the efficient codelivery of two or more therapeutic agents. In this work, we report on the use of polysilsesquioxane (PSilQ) nanoparticles for the codelivery of chlorin-e6 (Ce6) and an autophagy inhibitor for early- or late-stage autophagy. Our results, obtained from a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay and apoptosis and autophagy flux analyses, demonstrate that the reduced autophagy flux mediated by the combination approach afforded an increase in the phototherapeutic efficacy of Ce6-PSilQ nanoparticles. We envision that the promising results in the use of multimodal Ce6-PSilQ material as a codelivery system against cancer pave the way for its future application with other clinically relevant combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemapriyadarshini Vadarevu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Adeola Julian Sorinolu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Mariya Munir
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Juan L Vivero-Escoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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5
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de la Torre C, Gavara R, García-Fernández A, Mikhaylov M, Sokolov MN, Miravet JF, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R, Galindo F. Enhancement of photoactivity and cellular uptake of (Bu 4N) 2[Mo 6I 8(CH 3COO) 6] complex by loading on porous MCM-41 support. Photodynamic studies as an anticancer agent. Biomater Adv 2022; 140:213057. [PMID: 36007463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation by ionic assembly of the hexanuclear molybdenum cluster (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(CH3CO2)6] (1) in amino-decorated mesoporous silica nanoparticles MCM-41, has yielded the new molybdenum-based hybrid photosensitizer 1@MCM-41. The new photoactive material presents a high porosity, due to the intrinsic high specific surface area of MCM-41 nanoparticles (989 m2 g-1) which is responsible for the good dispersion of the hexamolybdenum clusters on the nanoparticles surface, as observed by STEM analysis. The hybrid photosensitizer can generate efficiently singlet oxygen, which was demonstrated by using the benchmark photooxygenation reaction of 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABDA) in water. The photodynamic therapy activity has been tested using LED light as an irradiation source (λirr ~ 400-700 nm; 15.6 mW/cm2). The results show a good activity of the hybrid photosensitizer against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, reducing up to 70 % their viability after 20 min of irradiation, whereas low cytotoxicity is detected in the darkness. The main finding of this research is that the incorporation of molybdenum complexes at porous MCM-41 supports enhances their photoactivity and improves cellular uptake, compared to free clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de la Torre
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat Politècnica de València - Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Raquel Gavara
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat Politècnica de València - Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maxim Mikhaylov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Prosp., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim N Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Prosp., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Juan F Miravet
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat Politècnica de València - Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat Politècnica de València - Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
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Yang F, Ji Q, Liao R, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhang H, Kan Q, Sun J, He Z, Sun B, Luo C. Precisely engineering a dual-drug cooperative nanoassembly for proteasome inhibition-potentiated photodynamic therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Czarnecka-Czapczyńska M, Aebisher D, Oleś P, Sosna B, Krupka-Olek M, Dynarowicz K, Latos W, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. The role of photodynamic therapy in breast cancer - A review of in vitro research. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112342. [PMID: 34678730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women and the incidence of occurrence is increasing. Currently, there are many methods of detecting and treating breast cancer. Some treatments have a number of side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive method of treatment which uses monochromatic light of low to medium energy to excite previously applied photosensitizers (PS) for ROS production. The purpose of this article is to present a general overview of the use of PDT in in vitro studies of various cancer cell lines. A literature search for articles corresponding to the topic of this review was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases using the following keywords: 'photodynamic therapy', 'breast cancer', and 'photosensitizer(s).' Much of the reviewed literature is based on evaluations of the cytotoxic potential of various PSs, particularly against the MCF-7 cell line, and enhancement of PDT potential with nanotechnology. Research on photodynamic effects in vitro may be helpful in the pre-clinical search for optimal methods for in vivo clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czarnecka-Czapczyńska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Oleś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Barbara Sosna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krupka-Olek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Latos
- Specialist Hospital No. 2, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
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Chen J, Zhou D, Kang J, Liu C, Huang R, Jiang Z, Liao Y, Liu A, Gao L, Song X, Zhao S, Chen Y, Wang H, Lan Z, Wang W, Guan H, Chen X, Huang J. ER stress modulates apoptosis in A431 cell subjected to EtNBSe-PDT via the PERK pathway. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102305. [PMID: 33901688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modality against various cancers including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with which the induction of apoptosis is an effective mechanism. Here, we initially describe the preclinical activity of 5-ethylamino-9-diethylaminobenzo [a] phenoselenazinium(EtNBSe)-mediated PDT treatment in SCC. Results of our studies suggest that EtNBSe-PDT provokes a cellular state of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggering the PERK/ eIF2α signaling pathway and induces the appearance of apoptosis in A431 cells at the meantime. With ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA or eIF2α inhibitor ISRIB, suppressing the EtNBSe-PDT induced ER stress substantially promotes apoptosis of A431 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ATF4, whose expression is ER-stress-inducible and elevated in response to the PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway activation, contributes to cytoprotection against EtNBSe-PDT induced apoptosis. In a mouse model bearing A431 cells, EtNBSe shows intense phototoxicity and when associated with decreased ER stress, EtNBSe-PDT ameliorates tumor growth. Taken together, our study reveals an antagonistic activity of ER stress against EtNBSe-PDT treatment via inhibiting apoptosis in A431 cells. With further development, these results provide a proof-of-concept that downregulation of ER stress response has a therapeutic potential to improve EtNBSe-PDT sensitivity in SCC patients via the promotion of induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Roujie Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhengqian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zehao Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haoyu Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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9
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Spickett CM, Pitt AR. Modification of proteins by reactive lipid oxidation products and biochemical effects of lipoxidation. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:19-31. [PMID: 31867621 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20190058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation results in the formation of many reactive products, such as small aldehydes, substituted alkenals, and cyclopentenone prostaglandins, which are all able to form covalent adducts with nucleophilic residues of proteins. This process is called lipoxidation, and the resulting adducts are called advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), by analogy with the formation of advanced glycoxidation end products from oxidized sugars. Modification of proteins by reactive oxidized lipids leads to structural changes such as increased β-sheet conformation, which tends to result in amyloid-like structures and oligomerization, or unfolding and aggregation. Reaction with catalytic cysteines is often responsible for the loss of enzymatic activity in lipoxidized proteins, although inhibition may also occur through conformational changes at more distant sites affecting substrate binding or regulation. On the other hand, a few proteins are activated by lipoxidation-induced oligomerization or interactions, leading to increased downstream signalling. At the cellular level, it is clear that some proteins are much more susceptible to lipoxidation than others. ALEs affect cell metabolism, protein-protein interactions, protein turnover via the proteasome, and cell viability. Evidence is building that they play roles in both physiological and pathological situations, and inhibiting ALE formation can have beneficial effects.
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10
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Gan J, Li S, Meng Y, Liao Y, Jiang M, Qi L, Li Y, Bai Y. The influence of photodynamic therapy on the Warburg effect in esophageal cancer cells. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1741-1750. [PMID: 32034563 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether the Warburg effect is a key modulator on the resistance mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Glycolysis was examined by the test of lactate product and glucose uptake at different post-PDT time points. Cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay and cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay. The expression of glycolysis and related proteins were examined by western blotting. Target gene was silenced by RNAi. In the present study, we assessed the effect of PDT on cancer cell glycolysis. Our team has demonstrated that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key speed-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, was significantly overexpressed in patients with esophageal cancer. Our results in the present study showed that PKM2 was downregulated, and lactate product and glucose uptake were inhibited in cells exposed to 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated PDT at 4 h after treatment. However, at 24 h after PDT, we observed a substantial increase in PKM2 expression, lactate product, and glucose uptake. Moreover, silencing of PKM2 gene abrogated the upregulatory effect of PDT on glycolysis at late post-PDT period. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is a recognized chemical inhibitor of glycolysis. The combined treatment of 2-DG and PDT significantly inhibited tumor growth in vitro at 24 h. These results demonstrate that PDT drives the Warburg effect in a time-dependent manner, and PKM2 plays an important role in this progress, which indicated that PKM2 may be a potential molecular target to increase the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyu Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingxia Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Franchi LP, de Freitas Lima JEB, Piva HL, Tedesco AC. The redox function of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 as key modulator in photodynamic therapy. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2020; 211:111992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, Coletta A, Oddone F, Grasso G, Milardi D, Lacal PM, Marini S, Purrello R, Graziani G, Coletta M. The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107579. [PMID: 32442437 PMCID: PMC7236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - A M Santoro
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - A Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Oddone
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - G Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - P M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Chizenga EP, Abrahamse H. Nanotechnology in Modern Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer: A Review of Cellular Resistance Patterns Affecting the Therapeutic Response. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070632. [PMID: 32640564 PMCID: PMC7407821 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for most localized cancers. Its high measure of specificity and minimal risk of side effects compared to other therapies has put PDT on the forefront of cancer research in the current era. The primary cause of treatment failure and high mortality rates is the occurrence of cancer resistance to therapy. Hence, PDT is designed to be selective and tumor-specific. However, because of complex biological characteristics and cell signaling, cancer cells have shown a propensity to acquire cellular resistance to PDT by modulating the photosensitization process or its products. Fortunately, nanotechnology has provided many answers in biomedical and clinical applications, and modern PDT now employs the use of nanomaterials to enhance its efficacy and mitigate the effects of acquired resistance. This review, therefore, sought to scrutinize the mechanisms of cellular resistance that affect the therapeutic response with an emphasis on the use of nanomaterials as a way of overriding cancer cell resistance. The resistance mechanisms that have been reported are complex and photosensitizer (PS)-specific. We conclude that altering the structure of PSs using nanotechnology is an ideal paradigm for enhancing PDT efficacy in the presence of cellular resistance.
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Fernando A, Gariépy J. Coupling Chlorin e6 to the surface of Nanoscale Gas Vesicles strongly enhance their intracellular delivery and photodynamic killing of cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2802. [PMID: 32071325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based nanobubbles such as halophilic archaeabacterial gas vesicles (GVs) represent a new class of stable, homogeneous nanoparticles with acoustic properties that allow them to be visualized by ultrasound (US) waves. To design GVs as theranostic agents, we modified them to respond to light, with a view to locally generate reactive oxygen species that can kill cancer cells. Specifically, up to 60,000 photoreactive chlorin e6 (Ce6) molecules were chemically attached to lysine ε-amino groups present on the surface of each purified Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 GV. The resulting fluorescent NRC-1 Ce6-GVs have dimensions comparable to that of native GVs and were efficiently taken up by human breast [MCF-7] and human hypopharyngeal [FaDu-GFP] cancer cells as monitored by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. When exposed to light, internalized Ce6-GVs were 200-fold more effective on a molar basis than free Ce6 at killing cells. These results demonstrate the potential of Ce6-GVs as novel and promising nanomaterials for image-guided photodynamic therapy.
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15
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Huang Y, Xiao Z, Guan Z, Shen Y, Jiang Y, Xu X, Huang Z, Zhao C. A light-triggered self-reinforced nanoagent for targeted chemo-photodynamic therapy of breast cancer bone metastases via ER stress and mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathways. J Control Release 2020; 319:119-34. [PMID: 31883459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bone metastases are often limited by the lack of selectivity, severe systemic toxicity and suboptimal efficacy. Nanomedicine meditated chemo-photodynamic therapy provides a promising therapeutic opportunity for enhanced cancer therapy. Herein, we constructed an alendronate (ALN)-functionalized bone-seeking nanoagent (BTZ@ZnPc-ALN) to co-deliver the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) and the photosensitizer Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy of bone metastases. Results showed that BTZ@ZnPc-ALN possessed favorable bone affinity both in vitro and in vivo and could release drug in a pH-responsive manner. Under irradiation, BTZ@ZnPc-ALN could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause mitochondrial damage, and increase the cytosolic Ca2+ levels and the expression of GRP78 protein to induce excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thereby synergistically inhibiting cell proliferation. More importantly, BTZ@ZnPc-ALN could prolong blood circulation time and preferentially navigate to the bone affected site. As a result, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by bone targeted chemo-photodynamic therapy, with tumor volume cut down by 85% compared with PBS group and bone remained undamaged. Besides, the systemic toxicity of BTZ was significantly reduced. Therefore, the versatile nanoagent is expected to be a promising nanoplatform to concern multiple intracellular stress for remarkable synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy of bone metastases.
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Ebstein F, Poli Harlowe MC, Studencka-Turski M, Krüger E. Contribution of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to the Pathogenesis of Proteasome-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndromes (PRAAS). Front Immunol 2019; 10:2756. [PMID: 31827472 PMCID: PMC6890838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferonopathies cover a phenotypically heterogeneous group of rare genetic diseases including the recently described proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS). By definition, PRAAS are caused by inherited and/or de novo loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding proteasome subunits such as PSMB8, PSMB9, PSMB7, PSMA3, or proteasome assembly factors including POMP and PSMG2, respectively. Disruption of any of these subunits results in perturbed intracellular protein homeostasis including accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins which is accompanied by a type I interferon (IFN) signature. The observation that, similarly to pathogens, proteasome dysfunctions are potent type I IFN inducers is quite unexpected and, up to now, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process remain largely unknown. One promising candidate for triggering type I IFN under sterile conditions is the unfolded protein response (UPR) which is typically initiated in response to an accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (also referred to as ER stress). The recent observation that the UPR is engaged in subjects carrying POMP mutations strongly suggests its possible implication in the cause-and-effect relationship between proteasome impairment and interferonopathy onset. The purpose of this present review is therefore to discuss the possible role of the UPR in the pathogenesis of PRAAS. We will particularly focus on pathways initiated by the four ER-membrane proteins ATF6, PERK, IRE1-α, and TCF11/Nrf1 which undergo activation under proteasome inhibition. An overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms and potential cross-talk between the UPR and inflammatory signaling casacades is provided to convey a more integrated picture of the pathophysiology of PRAAS and shed light on potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ebstein
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - María Cecilia Poli Harlowe
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maja Studencka-Turski
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Chelakkot VS, Som J, Yoshioka E, Rice CP, Rutihinda SG, Hirasawa K. Systemic MEK inhibition enhances the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:758-767. [PMID: 31551581 PMCID: PMC6889170 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) gets accumulated preferentially in 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-treated cancer cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilises the accumulated PpIX to trigger cell death by light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We previously demonstrated that oncogenic Ras/MEK decreases PpIX accumulation in cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether combined therapy with a MEK inhibitor would improve 5-ALA-PDT efficacy. METHODS Cancer cells and mice models of cancer were treated with 5-ALA-PDT, MEK inhibitor or both MEK inhibitor and 5-ALA-PDT, and treatment efficacies were evaluated. RESULTS Ras/MEK negatively regulates the cellular sensitivity to 5-ALA-PDT as cancer cells pre-treated with a MEK inhibitor were killed more efficiently by 5-ALA-PDT. MEK inhibition promoted 5-ALA-PDT-induced ROS generation and programmed cell death. Furthermore, the combination of 5-ALA-PDT and a systemic MEK inhibitor significantly suppressed tumour growth compared with either monotherapy in mouse models of cancer. Remarkably, 44% of mice bearing human colon tumours showed a complete response with the combined treatment. CONCLUSION We demonstrate a novel strategy to promote 5-ALA-PDT efficacy by targeting a cell signalling pathway regulating its sensitivity. This preclinical study provides a strong basis for utilising MEK inhibitors, which are approved for treating cancers, to enhance 5-ALA-PDT efficacy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Jayoti Som
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Ema Yoshioka
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Chantel P Rice
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Suzette G Rutihinda
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kensuke Hirasawa
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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18
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Gurunathan S, Jeyaraj M, Kang MH, Kim JH. Tangeretin-Assisted Platinum Nanoparticles Enhance the Apoptotic Properties of Doxorubicin: Combination Therapy for Osteosarcoma Treatment. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1089. [PMID: 31362420 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of cancer and the most frequent malignant bone tumor in childhood and adolescence. Nanomedicine has become an indispensable field in biomedical and clinical research, with nanoparticles (NPs) promising to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug against OS; however, it causes severe side effects that restrict its clinical applications. Here, we investigated whether combining platinum NPs (PtNPs) and DOX could increase their anticancer activity in human bone OS epithelial cells (U2OS). PtNPs with nontoxic, effective, thermally stable, and thermoplasmonic properties were synthesized and characterized using tangeretin. We examined the combined effects of PtNPs and DOX on cell viability, proliferation, and morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl content, antioxidants, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) level, apoptotic and antiapoptotic gene expression, oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, and DNA repair genes. PtNPs and DOX significantly inhibited U2OS viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, increasing lactate dehydrogenase leakage, ROS generation, and malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and carbonylated protein levels. Mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by reduced MMP, decreased ATP levels, and upregulated apoptotic/downregulated antiapoptotic gene expression. Oxidative stress was a major cause of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, confirmed by decreased levels of various antioxidants. Furthermore, PtNPs and DOX increased 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-G levels and induced DNA damage and repair gene expression. Combination of cisplatin and DOX potentially induce apoptosis comparable to PtNPs and DOX. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the combined effects of PtNPs and DOX in OS.
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19
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Zhang X, Hu P, Ding SY, Sun T, Liu L, Han S, DeLeo AB, Sadagopan A, Guo W, Wang X. Induction of autophagy-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells through activation of ER stress: an uncovered anti-cancer mechanism by anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1266-1281. [PMID: 31285958 PMCID: PMC6610050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to its potent anticancer activity, there is interest in repurposing of the FDA-approved anti-alcoholism drug, disulfiram (DSF). DSF forms potent complexes with copper (DSF/Cu) that induce apoptosis of many types of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of DSF/Cu in autophagy, a mechanism of cell death or survival, and its interplay with DSF/Cu induced apoptosis of human pancreatic and breast cancer cells. METHODS Levels of autophagy and apoptosis were assessed by Western blot, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. Cell viability was measured by MTT assays. Activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)-mRNA X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway and spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) expression were analyzed by Western blot, Phos-tag gel assay, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS The apoptosis induced by DSF/Cu in pancreatic and breast cancer cells is autophagy dependent. This is accomplished by activating IRE1α, the sensor of unfolded protein response (UPR) via promotion of phosphorylation of IRE1α and its downstream XBP1 splicing into active XBP1s. CONCLUSIONS DSF/Cu induces ER-stress through activation of IRE1α-XBP1 pathway which is responsible, at least in part, for induction of autophagy-dependent apoptosis of cancer cells. Insight into the ER-stress inducing ability by DSF/Cu may open a new research area for rational design of innovative therapeutic strategies for pancreatic and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Shi-Ying Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Ting Sun
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Ling Liu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Shiwei Han
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Albert B DeLeo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Ananthan Sadagopan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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20
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Cao Y, Chen M, Tang D, Yan H, Ding X, Zhou F, Zhang M, Xu G, Zhang W, Zhang S, Zhuge Y, Wang L, Zou X. The proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole disrupts protein degradation systems and sensitizes cancer cells to death under various stresses. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:604. [PMID: 29789637 PMCID: PMC5964200 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) play a role in antitumor activity, with studies showing specialized impacts of PPIs on cancer cell apoptosis, metastasis, and autophagy. In this study, we demonstrated that pantoprazole (PPI) increased autophagosomes formation and affected autophagic flux depending on the pH conditions. PPI specifically elevated SQSTM1 protein levels by increasing SQSTM1 transcription via NFE2L2 activation independent of the specific effect of PPI on autophagic flux. Via decreasing proteasome subunits expression, PPI significantly impaired the function of the proteasome, accompanied by the accumulation of undegraded poly-ubiquitinated proteins. Notably, PPI-induced autophagy functioned as a downstream response of proteasome inhibition by PPI, while suppressing protein synthesis abrogated autophagy. Blocking autophagic flux in neutral pH condition or further impairing proteasome function with proteasome inhibitors, significantly aggravated PPI cytotoxicity by worsening protein degradation ability. Interestingly, under conditions of mitochondrial stress, PPI showed significant synergism when combined with Bcl-2 inhibitors. Taken together, these findings provide a new understanding of the impact of PPIs on cancer cells’ biological processes and highlight the potential to develop more efficient and effective combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Dehua Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China.
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Korbelik M. Role of cell stress signaling networks in cancer cell death and antitumor immune response following proteotoxic injury inflicted by photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:491-498. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Korbelik
- Department of Integrative OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Agency VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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22
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Domagala A, Stachura J, Gabrysiak M, Muchowicz A, Zagozdzon R, Golab J, Firczuk M. Inhibition of autophagy sensitizes cancer cells to Photofrin-based photodynamic therapy. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:210. [PMID: 29463237 PMCID: PMC5819678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggest that autophagy plays a pivotal role in various anticancer therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), acting as a pro-death or pro-survival mechanism in a context-dependent manner. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of autophagy in Photofrin-based PDT. Methods In vitro cytotoxic/cytostatic effects of PDT were evaluated with crystal violet cell viability assay. Autophagy induction was analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence using anti-LC3 antibody. Autophagy was inhibited by shRNA-mediated ATG5 knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ATG5 knockout. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide and anexin V-positive cells as well as by detection of cleaved PARP and caspase 3 proteins using immunoblotting. Protein carbonylation was evaluated by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method. Results Photofrin-PDT leads to robust autophagy induction in two cancer cell lines, Hela and MCF-7. shRNA-mediated knockdown of ATG5 only partially blocks autophagic response and only marginally affects the sensitivity of Hela and MCF-7 cells to PDT. ATG5 knockout in HeLa cell line utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing results in increased PDT-mediated cytotoxicity, which is accompanied by an enhanced apoptotic response and increased accumulation of carbonylated proteins. Conclusions Altogether, these observations imply that autophagy contributes to Photofrin-PDT resistance by enabling clearance of carbonylated and other damaged proteins. Therefore, autophagy inhibition may serve as a strategy to improve PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stachura
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Immunity&Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Wan J, Sun L, Wu P, Wang F, Guo J, Cheng J, Wang C. Synthesis of indocyanine green functionalized comblike poly(aspartic acid) derivatives for enhanced cancer cell ablation by targeting the endoplasmic reticulum. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01994g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PTX-loaded comblike polymer PAsp-g-(PEG-ICG) micelles can effectively kill cancer cells via elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress under laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| | - Luyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
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Olsen CE, Weyergang A, Edwards VT, Berg K, Brech A, Weisheit S, Høgset A, Selbo PK. Development of resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT) in human breast cancer cells is photosensitizer-dependent: Possible mechanisms and approaches for overcoming PDT-resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 144:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Muchowicz A, Wachowska M, Stachura J, Tonecka K, Gabrysiak M, Wołosz D, Pilch Z, Kilarski WW, Boon L, Klaus TJ, Golab J. Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis impairs antitumour effects of photodynamic therapy and checkpoint inhibitors in mice. Eur J Cancer 2017; 83:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Akoumi A, Haffar T, Mousterji M, Kiss RS, Bousette N. Palmitate mediated diacylglycerol accumulation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, Plin2 degradation, and cell death in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. Exp Cell Res 2017; 354:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Gao F, Zheng W, Gao L, Cai P, Liu R, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Zhao Y, Gao X. Au Nanoclusters and Photosensitizer Dual Loaded Spatiotemporal Controllable Liposomal Nanocomposites Enhance Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Effect by Inhibiting Thioredoxin Reductase. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28322024 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure of tumors with high selectivity and low side effect. However, it is usually not efficient in long-lasting tumor control. One of the main reasons is tumor cells develop some protective mechanisms that help them to deal with oxidative stress in the environment. The thioredoxin system in cancer is an important antioxidant defense system. Au nanoclusters could effectively inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in tumor cell cytoplasm. Herein, Au nanoclusters and photosensitizer Chlorine 6 (Ce6) are co-loaded in spatiotemporal controllable liposomal nanocomposites. pH responsive molecule inserted in lipid bilayer greatly contributes to the instability of the lipid membrane in lysosomal at low pH environment. Then the payloads can rapidly release into cytoplasm. Au nanoclusters effectively inhibit TrxR in cytoplasm and enhance the photodynamic-induced intracellular reactive oxygen-free radical concentration, improving the effect of PDT. Breast cancer is chosen as a tumor model and the Au nanoclusters and photosensitizer co-loaded liposomal nanocomposites are studied to improve the effect of PDT both in vitro and in vivo, and its corresponding mechanism is investigated. This study develops a new application of gold nanoclusters and provides a new train of thoughts for enhancing the effect of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine; Nanning 530023 P. R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Pengju Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ru Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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28
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Li L, Wang H, Wang H, Li L, Wang P, Wang X, Liu Q. Interaction and oxidative damage of DVDMS to BSA: a study on the mechanism of photodynamic therapy-induced cell death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43324. [PMID: 28252029 PMCID: PMC5333107 DOI: 10.1038/srep43324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. In this study, we utilized sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) as a sensitizer combined with light to investigate its cytotoxic effect on different cell lines. For this purpose, we chose bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model to explore the mechanism of PDT-induced cell death at a molecular level. Our findings indicated that the combined treatment significantly suppressed cell survival. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a strong interaction between DVDMS and BSA molecules in aqueous solution, affecting DVDMS’ targeting distribution and metabolism. Spectroscopic analysis and carbonyl content detection indicated that DVDMS-PDT significantly enhanced the damage of BSA at a higher extent than Photofrin II-PDT under similar experimental conditions. Our observations were consistent with the cytotoxicity results. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) were induced by the synergy effect of the sensitizer and light, which played an important role in damaging BSA and tumor cells. These results suggested that the interaction and oxidative damage of protein molecules by DVDMS were the main reasons to cell death and constitute a valuable reference for future DVDMS-PDT investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Mokarram P, Albokashy M, Zarghooni M, Moosavi MA, Sepehri Z, Chen QM, Hudecki A, Sargazi A, Alizadeh J, Moghadam AR, Hashemi M, Movassagh H, Klonisch T, Owji AA, Łos MJ, Ghavami S. New frontiers in the treatment of colorectal cancer: Autophagy and the unfolded protein response as promising targets. Autophagy 2017; 13:781-819. [PMID: 28358273 PMCID: PMC5446063 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1290751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), despite numerous therapeutic and screening attempts, still remains a major life-threatening malignancy. CRC etiology entails both genetic and environmental factors. Macroautophagy/autophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of cellular responses to environmental and genetic stresses. Both pathways are interconnected and regulate cellular responses to apoptotic stimuli. In this review, we address the epidemiology and risk factors of CRC, including genetic mutations leading to the occurrence of the disease. Next, we discuss mutations of genes related to autophagy and the UPR in CRC. Then, we discuss how autophagy and the UPR are involved in the regulation of CRC and how they associate with obesity and inflammatory responses in CRC. Finally, we provide perspectives for the modulation of autophagy and the UPR as new therapeutic options for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Mokarram
- a Colorectal Research Center and Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mohammed Albokashy
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- c Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran.,d University of Toronto Alumni , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- e Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Sepehri
- c Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran
| | - Qi Min Chen
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | | | | | - Javad Alizadeh
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Adel Rezaei Moghadam
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- g Department of Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Hesam Movassagh
- h Department of Immunology , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Ali Akbar Owji
- i Department of Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Shiraz Medical University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Marek J Łos
- j Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland ; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB , Sweden
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,k Health Policy Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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30
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Kimáková P, Solár P, Fecková B, Sačková V, Solárová Z, Ilkovičová L, Kello M. Photoactivated hypericin increases the expression of SOD-2 and makes MCF-7 cells resistant to photodynamic therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:749-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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31
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Pietra RCCDS, Cruz RC, Melo CN, Rodrigues LB, Santos PC, Bretz GPM, Soares BM, Sousa GRD, Ferreira MVL, Cisalpino PS, Magalhães PP, Farias LDM, Pinotti M. Evaluation of polymeric PLGA nanoparticles conjugated to curcumin for use in aPDT. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000216043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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32
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Dąbrowski JM, Pucelik B, Regiel-Futyra A, Brindell M, Mazuryk O, Kyzioł A, Stochel G, Macyk W, Arnaut LG. Engineering of relevant photodynamic processes through structural modifications of metallotetrapyrrolic photosensitizers. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Obaid G, Broekgaarden M, Bulin AL, Huang HC, Kuriakose J, Liu J, Hasan T. Photonanomedicine: a convergence of photodynamic therapy and nanotechnology. Nanoscale 2016; 8:12471-503. [PMID: 27328309 PMCID: PMC4956486 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08691d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As clinical nanomedicine has emerged over the past two decades, phototherapeutic advancements using nanotechnology have also evolved and impacted disease management. Because of unique features attributable to the light activation process of molecules, photonanomedicine (PNM) holds significant promise as a personalized, image-guided therapeutic approach for cancer and non-cancer pathologies. The convergence of advanced photochemical therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and imaging modalities with sophisticated nanotechnologies is enabling the ongoing evolution of fundamental PNM formulations, such as Visudyne®, into progressive forward-looking platforms that integrate theranostics (therapeutics and diagnostics), molecular selectivity, the spatiotemporally controlled release of synergistic therapeutics, along with regulated, sustained drug dosing. Considering that the envisioned goal of these integrated platforms is proving to be realistic, this review will discuss how PNM has evolved over the years as a preclinical and clinical amalgamation of nanotechnology with PDT. The encouraging investigations that emphasize the potent synergy between photochemistry and nanotherapeutics, in addition to the growing realization of the value of these multi-faceted theranostic nanoplatforms, will assist in driving PNM formulations into mainstream oncological clinical practice as a necessary tool in the medical armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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34
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Zhang L, Hapon MB, Goyeneche AA, Srinivasan R, Gamarra-Luques CD, Callegari EA, Drappeau DD, Terpstra EJ, Pan B, Knapp JR, Chien J, Wang X, Eyster KM, Telleria CM. Mifepristone increases mRNA translation rate, triggers the unfolded protein response, increases autophagic flux, and kills ovarian cancer cells in combination with proteasome or lysosome inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1099-117. [PMID: 27233943 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic steroid mifepristone blocks the growth of ovarian cancer cells, yet the mechanism driving such effect is not entirely understood. Unbiased genomic and proteomic screenings using ovarian cancer cell lines of different genetic backgrounds and sensitivities to platinum led to the identification of two key genes upregulated by mifepristone and involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR): the master chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), glucose regulated protein (GRP) of 78 kDa, and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous transcription factor (CHOP). GRP78 and CHOP were upregulated by mifepristone in ovarian cancer cells regardless of p53 status and platinum sensitivity. Further studies revealed that the three UPR-associated pathways, PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6, were activated by mifepristone. Also, the synthetic steroid acutely increased mRNA translation rate, which, if prevented, abrogated the splicing of XBP1 mRNA, a non-translatable readout of IRE1α activation. Moreover, mifepristone increased LC3-II levels due to increased autophagic flux. When the autophagic-lysosomal pathway was inhibited with chloroquine, mifepristone was lethal to the cells. Lastly, doses of proteasome inhibitors that are inadequate to block the activity of the proteasomes, caused cell death when combined with mifepristone; this phenotype was accompanied by accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins denoting proteasome inhibition. The stimulation by mifepristone of ER stress and autophagic flux offers a therapeutic opportunity for utilizing this compound to sensitize ovarian cancer cells to proteasome or lysosome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Maria B Hapon
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Alicia A Goyeneche
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Rekha Srinivasan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Carlos D Gamarra-Luques
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Eduardo A Callegari
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Donis D Drappeau
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Erin J Terpstra
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Bo Pan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Jennifer R Knapp
- Kansas Intellectual and Development Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Kathleen M Eyster
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Carlos M Telleria
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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35
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Gabrysiak M, Wachowska M, Barankiewicz J, Pilch Z, Ratajska A, Skrzypek E, Winiarska M, Domagala A, Rygiel TP, Jozkowicz A, Boon L, Golab J, Firczuk M. Low dose of GRP78-targeting subtilase cytotoxin improves the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3151-8. [PMID: 27035643 PMCID: PMC4872279 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exerts direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, destroys tumor blood and lymphatic vessels and induces local inflammation. Although PDT triggers the release of immunogenic antigens from tumor cells, the degree of immune stimulation is regimen-dependent. The highest immunogenicity is achieved at sub-lethal doses, which at the same time trigger cytoprotective responses, that include increased expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). To mitigate the cytoprotective effects of GRP78 and preserve the immunoregulatory activity of PDT, we investigated the in vivo efficacy of PDT in combination with EGF-SubA cytotoxin that was shown to potentiate in vitro PDT cytotoxicity by inactivating GRP78. Treatment of immunocompetent BALB/c mice with EGF-SubA improved the efficacy of PDT but only when mice were treated with a dose of EGF-SubA that exerted less pronounced effects on the number of T and B lymphocytes as well as dendritic cells in mouse spleens. The observed antitumor effects were critically dependent on CD8+ T cells and were completely abrogated in immunodeficient SCID mice. All these results suggest that GRP78 targeting improves in vivo PDT efficacy provided intact T-cell immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Pilch
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Skrzypek
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Rygiel
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kracow, Poland
| | - Louis Boon
- EPIRUS Biopharmaceuticals Netherlands BV, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Chennoufi R, Bougherara H, Gagey-Eilstein N, Dumat B, Henry E, Subra F, Bury-Moné S, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Tauc P, Teulade-Fichou MP, Deprez E. Mitochondria-targeted Triphenylamine Derivatives Activatable by Two-Photon Excitation for Triggering and Imaging Cell Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21458. [PMID: 26947258 DOI: 10.1038/srep21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) leads to cell death by using a combination of a photosensitizer and an external light source for the production of lethal doses of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since a major limitation of PDT is the poor penetration of UV-visible light in tissues, there is a strong need for organic compounds whose activation is compatible with near-infrared excitation. Triphenylamines (TPAs) are fluorescent compounds, recently shown to efficiently trigger cell death upon visible light irradiation (458 nm), however outside the so-called optical/therapeutic window. Here, we report that TPAs target cytosolic organelles of living cells, mainly mitochondria, triggering a fast apoptosis upon two-photon excitation, thanks to their large two-photon absorption cross-sections in the 760–860 nm range. Direct ROS imaging in the cell context upon multiphoton excitation of TPA and three-color flow cytometric analysis showing phosphatidylserine externalization indicate that TPA photoactivation is primarily related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via ROS production, although significant differences in the time courses of cell death-related events were observed, depending on the compound. TPAs represent a new class of water-soluble organic photosensitizers compatible with direct two-photon excitation, enabling simultaneous multiphoton fluorescence imaging of cell death since a concomitant subcellular TPA re-distribution occurs in apoptotic cells.
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37
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Rodríguez ME, Cogno IS, Milla Sanabria LS, Morán YS, Rivarola VA. Heat shock proteins in the context of photodynamic therapy: autophagy, apoptosis and immunogenic cell death. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1090-1102. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins can mediate resistance to photodynamic therapy by inhibiting apoptosis and modulating autophagy which, in turn, prevents apoptosis and immunogenic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías E. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
| | - Ingrid S. Cogno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
| | - Laura S. Milla Sanabria
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
| | - Yanina S. Morán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
| | - Viviana A. Rivarola
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
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Broekgaarden M, Weijer R, van Gulik TM, Hamblin MR, Heger M. Tumor cell survival pathways activated by photodynamic therapy: a molecular basis for pharmacological inhibition strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:643-90. [PMID: 26516076 PMCID: PMC4661210 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. PDT comprises the administration of a photosensitizer, its accumulation in tumor tissue, and subsequent irradiation of the photosensitizer-loaded tumor, leading to the localized photoproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative damage ultimately culminates in tumor cell death, vascular shutdown, induction of an antitumor immune response, and the consequent destruction of the tumor. However, the ROS produced by PDT also triggers a stress response that, as part of a cell survival mechanism, helps cancer cells to cope with the PDT-induced oxidative stress and cell damage. These survival pathways are mediated by the transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and those that mediate the proteotoxic stress response. The survival pathways are believed to render some types of cancer recalcitrant to PDT and alter the tumor microenvironment in favor of tumor survival. In this review, the molecular mechanisms are elucidated that occur post-PDT to mediate cancer cell survival, on the basis of which pharmacological interventions are proposed. Specifically, pharmaceutical inhibitors of the molecular regulators of each survival pathway are addressed. The ultimate aim is to facilitate the development of adjuvant intervention strategies to improve PDT efficacy in recalcitrant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mans Broekgaarden
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Weijer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Postiglione I, Chiaviello A, Barra F, Roscetto E, Soriano AA, Catania MR, Palumbo G, Pierantoni GM. Mitochondrial Malfunctioning, Proteasome Arrest and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Focused Intracellular Generation of Oxygen Radicals. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20375-91. [PMID: 26343643 PMCID: PMC4613209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photofrin/photodynamic therapy (PDT) at sub-lethal doses induced a transient stall in proteasome activity in surviving A549 (p53+/+) and H1299 (p53−/−) cells as indicated by the time-dependent decline/recovery of chymotrypsin-like activity. Indeed, within 3 h of incubation, Photofrin invaded the cytoplasm and localized preferentially within the mitochondria. Its light activation determined a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and a reversible arrest in proteasomal activity. A similar result is obtained by treating cells with Antimycin and Rotenone, indicating, as a common denominator of this effect, the ATP decrease. Both inhibitors, however, were more toxic to cells as the recovery of proteasomal activity was incomplete. We evaluated whether combining PDT (which is a treatment for killing tumor cells, per se, and inducing proteasome arrest in the surviving ones) with Bortezomib doses capable of sustaining the stall would protract the arrest with sufficient time to induce apoptosis in remaining cells. The evaluation of the mitochondrial membrane depolarization, residual proteasome and mitochondrial enzymatic activities, colony-forming capabilities, and changes in protein expression profiles in A549 and H1299 cells under a combined therapeutic regimen gave results consistent with our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Postiglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Angela Chiaviello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Federica Barra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Roscetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Amata A Soriano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Palumbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy.
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Anzengruber F, Avci P, de Freitas LF, Hamblin MR. T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity after photodynamic therapy: why does it not always work and how can we improve it? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1492-1509. [PMID: 26062987 PMCID: PMC4547550 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of non-toxic photosensitizers and harmless light to generate reactive oxygen species that destroy tumors by a combination of direct tumor cell killing, vascular shutdown, and activation of the immune system. It has been shown in some animal models that mice that have been cured of cancer by PDT, may exhibit resistance to rechallenge. The cured mice can also possess tumor specific T-cells that recognize defined tumor antigens, destroy tumor cells in vitro, and can be adoptively transferred to protect naïve mice from cancer. However, these beneficial outcomes are the exception rather than the rule. The reasons for this lack of consistency lie in the ability of many tumors to suppress the host immune system and to actively evade immune attack. The presence of an appropriate tumor rejection antigen in the particular tumor cell line is a requisite for T-cell mediated immunity. Regulatory T-cells (CD25+, Foxp3+) are potent inhibitors of anti-tumor immunity, and their removal by low dose cyclophosphamide can potentiate the PDT-induced immune response. Treatments that stimulate dendritic cells (DC) such as CpG oligonucleotide can overcome tumor-induced DC dysfunction and improve PDT outcome. Epigenetic reversal agents can increase tumor expression of MHC class I and also simultaneously increase expression of tumor antigens. A few clinical reports have shown that anti-tumor immunity can be generated by PDT in patients, and it is hoped that these combination approaches may increase tumor cures in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Anzengruber
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Lucas Freitas de Freitas
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programa de Pos Graduacao Interunidades Bioengenharia – USP – Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Michael R Hamblin, PhD, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Weijer R, Broekgaarden M, Kos M, van Vught R, Rauws EA, Breukink E, van Gulik TM, Storm G, Heger M. Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers: Combining second-generation photosensitizers with multi-targeted liposomal delivery. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Storniolo A, Raciti M, Cucina A, Bizzarri M, Di Renzo L. Quercetin affects Hsp70/IRE1α mediated protection from death induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:645157. [PMID: 25922642 DOI: 10.1155/2015/645157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Relative to their normal counterparts, tumor cells generally exhibit a greater “stress phenotype” and express heat shock proteins (Hsp) that represent candidate targets for anticancer therapy. Here we investigated the role of Hsp70 in survival induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors in human leukemia U937 cells. Quercetin, a major dietary flavonoid, or specific silencing affected the expression level of Hsp70 and did not allow the upregulation of inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α), the prototype ER stress sensor regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR), that protects the cells against the stress of misfolded proteins in the ER. The reduction of Hsp70 prevented the upregulation of immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (BiP), but not of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP), and induced apoptosis. Also specific silencing of IRE1α or inhibition of its endoribonuclease activity by 4μ8c hampered the upregulation of BiP, but not of CHOP, and induced apoptosis. These results suggest that drugs affecting the Hsp70-IRE1α axis, like quercetin, or affecting directly IRE1α may represent an effective adjuvant antileukemia therapy.
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Saczko J, Choromańska A, Rembiałkowska N, Dubińska-Magiera M, Bednarz-Misa I, Bar J, Marcinkowska A, Kulbacka J. Oxidative modification induced by photodynamic therapy with Photofrin®II and 2-methoxyestradiol in human ovarian clear carcinoma (OvBH-1) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 71:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a medical device, a photosensitizing drug and adequate use of both to trigger biological mechanisms that can rapidly destroy the primary tumour and provide long-lasting protection against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
- Luzitin SA
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Lin S, Zhang L, Lei K, Zhang A, Liu P, Liu J. Development of a multifunctional luciferase reporters system for assessing endoplasmic reticulum-targeting photosensitive compounds. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:927-37. [PMID: 24984699 PMCID: PMC4389854 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a recently developed antitumor modality utilizing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), through light irradiation of photosensitizers (PSs) localized in tumor. Interference with proper functioning of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by ER-targeting PDT is a newly proposed strategy to achieve tumor cell death. The aim of this study is to establish a multifunctional model to screen and assess ER-targeting PSs based on luciferase reporters system. Upregulation of GRP78 is a biomarker for the onset of ER stress. CHOP is a key initiating player in ER stress-induced cell death. Here, the most sensitive fragments of GRP78 and CHOP promoters responding to ER-targeting PDT were mapped and cloned into pGL3-basic vector, forming -702/GRP78-Luc and -443/CHOP-Luc construct, respectively. We demonstrated that -702/GRP78-Luc expression can be used to indicate the ER-targeting of PSs, meanwhile estimate the ROS level induced by low-dose ER-targeting PDT. Moreover, the luciferase signaling of -443/CHOP-Luc showed highly consistence with apoptosis rate caused by ER-targeting PDT, suggesting that -443/CHOP-Luc can evaluate the antitumor properties of PSs. Hypericin, Foscan® and methylene blue were applied to verify the sensitivity and reliability of our model. These results proved that GRP78-CHOP model may be suitable to screen ER-targeting photosensitive compounds with lower cost and higher sensitivity than traditional ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Lin
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Lei
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anle Zhang
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- />Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
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Lim SH, Yam ML, Lam ML, Kamarulzaman FA, Samat N, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Lee HB. Photodynamic Characterization of Amino Acid Conjugated 151-Hydroxypurpurin-7-lactone for Cancer Treatment. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3164-73. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500351s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siang Hui Lim
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mun Li Yam
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - May Lynn Lam
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fadzly Azhar Kamarulzaman
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazwana Samat
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Hong Boon Lee
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
The combination of relative nutrient deprivation and dysregulation of protein synthesis make malignant cells especially prone to protein misfolding. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, which results from protein misfolding within the secretory pathway, has a profound effect on cancer cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we examine the evidence implicating endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction in the pathology of cancer and discuss how recent findings may help to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elizabeth Liniker
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Reginato E, Wolf P, Hamblin MR. Immune response after photodynamic therapy increases anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects. World J Immunol 2014; 4:1-11. [PMID: 25364655 PMCID: PMC4214901 DOI: 10.5411/wji.v4.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure for treatment of cancer and infections. PDT involves systemic or topical administration of a photosensitizer (PS), followed by irradiation of the diseased area with light of a wavelength corresponding to an absorbance band of the PS. In the presence of oxygen, a photochemical reaction is initiated, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell death. Besides causing direct cytotoxic effects on illuminated tumor cells, PDT is known to cause damage to the tumor vasculature and induce the release of pro-inflammatory molecules. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that PDT is capable of affecting both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Immune stimulatory properties of PDT may increase its beneficial effects giving the therapy wider potential to become more extensively used in clinical practice. Be sides stimulating tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells capable to destroy distant untreated tumor cells, PDT leads to development of anti-tumor memory immunity that can potentially prevent the recurrence of cancer. The immunological effects of PDT make the therapy more effective also when used for treatment of bacterial infections, due to an augmented infiltration of neutrophils into the infected regions that seems to potentiate the outcome of the treatment.
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Wachowska M, Gabrysiak M, Muchowicz A, Bednarek W, Barankiewicz J, Rygiel T, Boon L, Mroz P, Hamblin MR, Golab J. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine potentiates antitumour immune response induced by photodynamic therapy. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1370-81. [PMID: 24559534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumours is based on administration of a photosensitiser followed by irradiation of the tumour with visible light leading to production of reactive oxygen species that cause direct tumour cell death and vascular damage. PDT also initiates acute local inflammation, which facilitates the development of adaptive antitumour immunity. It has recently been reported that PDT can induce strong antitumour immunity towards tumours cells expressing P1A, tumour-associated antigen. Using four different tumour models, we show that antitumour immune response can be further improved when PDT is combined with a clinically approved epigenetic agent that induces expression of a silenced P1A antigen. Induction of P1A with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a methyltransferase inhibitor, resulted in potentiated antitumour effects in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma and 4T1 mammary carcinoma when combined with PDT treatment. In CT26 colon carcinoma and EMT6 mammary carcinoma models the combination therapy resulted in complete responses and long-term survival. All long-term surviving mice were resistant to re-inoculation with the same tumour cells. Antitumour efficacy of the combination treatment was severely impaired by depletion of CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells, whereas adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells from long-term surviving mice allowed for significant tumour growth delay in tumour-bearing mice. Taken together, these findings show that PDT leads to strong specific antitumour immune responses, and that epigenetic modification of tumour antigens levels may be a novel approach to further enhance the effectiveness of PDT. The present results provide a strong rationale for clinical development of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Bednarek
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rygiel
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, Yalelaan 46, Alexander Numan Building, 2nd floor, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pawel Mroz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Conte C, Ungaro F, Mazzaglia A, Quaglia F. Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer: Principles, Clinical Applications, and Nanotechnological Approaches. Nano-Oncologicals 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08084-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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