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Sánchez Uzcátegui YDV, Silveira FT, de Morais TG, Furtado RR, Vasconcelos dos Santos T, Póvoa MM. Experimental Susceptibility of Nyssomyia antunesi and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) to Leishmania ( Viannia) lainsoni and L. ( V.) lindenbergi (Trypanosomatidae: Leishmaniinae). Microorganisms 2024; 12:809. [PMID: 38674753 PMCID: PMC11051748 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work assessed the experimental susceptibility of Nyssomyia antunesi and Lutzomyia longipalpis to Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni and L. (V.) lindenbergi. A L. (Leishmania) chagasi-Lu. longipalpis combination was used as a susceptible control. Wild-caught Ny. antunesi and laboratory-bred Lu. longipalpis were membrane-fed on blood with a 5 × 106/mL log-phase promastigote culture suspension and dissected on days 2 and 8 post-blood meal (pbm) for analysis focused on the assessment of parasitoses, as well as placement and promastigote morphotyping. Survival curves were constructed. In all combinations, promastigotes were observed on day 8 pbm. For both Leishmania species, in Lu. longipalpis, the presence of parasites was observed up to the stomodeal valve, while in Ny. antunesi, the presence of parasites was observed up to the cardia. There were no significant differences in parasitosis between L. (V.) lainsoni and L. (V.) lindenbergi in either Ny. antunesi or Lu. longipalpis. Six morphological promastigote forms were distinguished in Giemsa-stained gut smears. The survival curves of all combinations decreased and were affected differently by several Lu. longipalpis-parasite combinations, as well with Lu. longipalpis-uninfected blood. These findings stress Lu. longipalpis as experimentally susceptible to Leishmania spp. and suggest the putative susceptibility of Ny. antunesi to L. (V.) lainsoni and L. (V.) lindenbergi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetsenia del Valle Sánchez Uzcátegui
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | | | - Thais Gouvea de Morais
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Furtado
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Marinete Marins Póvoa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
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Gutiérrez JD, Altamiranda-Saavedra M, Ávila-Jiménez J, Martins IA, Virginio F. Effect of environmental variables on the incidence of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil and Colombia. Acta Trop 2024; 252:107131. [PMID: 38281614 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe of the three forms of Leishmaniasis. In the Americas, Brazil and Colombia present more than 90 % of the cases in the region. Our aim in this research was to estimate the association of the incidence rate of Visceral Leishmaniasis with the following environmental variables: the percentage of area suitable for the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, the episodes of La Niña and El Niño, the Brazilian and Colombian biomes. Epidemiological data were obtained from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System and the Colombian National Public Health Surveillance System. Environmental data were downloaded from the NASA Giovanni web app, the Modis Sensor database, and the meteorological agencies of Australia, Japan, and the United States of America. Records of the presence of Lu. longipalpis were obtained from public databases and previous studies. As a result, the incidence per 10,000 inhabitants with LEBS for each El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episode showed the largest values during El Niño 2015-2016, mainly in Brazil's Northeast and Central regions and the Northeast region of Colombia. Compared with the Neutral 2012-2014 episode, the episodes of El Niño 2015-2016 and La Niña 2010-2011 showed an average increase in the monthly incidence rate of VL, and the average increase was higher during El Niño 2015-2016 (aIRR = 2.304 vs.1.453) We found a positive association between the incidence rate of VL and the El Niño 2015-2016 episode and an impressive% of area suitable for the vector Lu. longipalpis in the Amazon region.An increase of 1 % in the area suitable for the vector Lu. longipalpis leads to an average rise of 0.8 % in the monthly incidence rate of VL. Our study shows a possible association between VL incidence and ENSO, with the most considerable incidence rates observed during El Niño 2015-2016 in Brazil's Northeast and Central regions and the Northeast region of Colombia. The present study is very important to better understand the Visceral Leishmaniasis transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Instituto Masira, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Mariano Altamiranda-Saavedra
- Grupo de Investigación Bioforense, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Forenses, Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Julián Ávila-Jiménez
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Iris Amati Martins
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Paisagem e Conservação, LEPaC, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Virginio
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Entomologia Médica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Morelli LC, de Pita-Pereira D, Britto C, de Araújo-Pereira T, de Souza LAF, Germano KDO, de Andrade AJ, da Costa-Ribeiro MCV. Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum DNA detection in Nyssomyia neivai in Vale do Ribeira, Paraná, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e230173. [PMID: 38324879 PMCID: PMC10836809 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has increased in the Southern region of Brazil in recent years, especially in the State of Paraná. New species have been suggested with potential to act as vector in VL endemic areas. OBJECTIVES Identify the Leishmania species in sand fly specimens collected from 2016 to 2018 in the municipality of Itaperuçu, Vale do Ribeira, Paraná, Brazil. METHODS Light traps were used for collections and for the analysis of sand fly were used the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology and subsequent sequencing. FINDINGS Among the collected specimens, 88.62% were attributed to the species Nyssomyia neivai, which were grouped into 176 pools. Three positive pools were detected: two with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and one with L. (Leishmania) infantum. The positivity rate for the parasite was 0.25% based on the presence of at least one infected insect in the pool. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The detection of L. infantum in Ny. neivai draws attention due to its abundance and anthropophily in the State of Paraná. Moreover, this finding is considered as an alert and suggests that the vector competence of Ny. neivai and the criteria for its incrimination should be carried out, given its wide distribution in southern of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Cristina Morelli
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Lusíada, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Constança Britto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thais de Araújo-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lucas Alexandre Farias de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Kelly de Oliveira Germano
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Magda Clara Vieira da Costa-Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Moya SL, Pech-May A, Quintana MG, Salomón OD. Cryptic Diversity in Sympatric Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae), Eventual Meaning for Leishmaniasis Transmission. Neotrop Entomol 2024; 53:47-55. [PMID: 37973714 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Migonemyia migonei (Franҫa, 1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae) belongs to the subfamily Phlebotominae, of epidemiological importance due to its role as a vector in leishmaniasis transmission cycles and its broad geographic distribution in South America. Few morphometric and genetic studies have demonstrated the existence of variability among geographically distant populations in Brazil. The aim of the study was to estimate the genetic distance within the morphospecies Mg. migonei through the analysis of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of specimens captured in Argentina and those available in online databases. The COI sequences from specimens collected in different localities of Argentina and sequences available in online databases were utilized. Genetic distances were analyzed and a median-joining haplotype network was constructed. Finally, phylogenetic reconstruction was performed according to Bayesian inference. The analyses led to the identification of at least two haplogroups: haplogroup I with sequences of specimens from Colombia, Brazil and Argentina, and haplogroup II with sequences of specimens from Argentina. Interestingly, specimens from Argentina whose haplotypes corresponded to both haplogroups, were collected in sympatry. The results suggest that Mg. migonei could be a species complex with at least two distinct members. This hypothesis could explain the known characteristics of adaptability and vector permissiveness of the species, as the putative cryptic species of the complex could differ in traits of epidemiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Lorián Moya
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Angélica Pech-May
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Entomología, Univ Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tatto M, Fernandes FD, Costa EP, Shibuya FY, de Freitas LI, Osmari V, Roman IJ, Bräunig P, Vogel FSF, Botton SDA, Sangioni LA. Detection of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in poultry from central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2023; 32:e007723. [PMID: 38088684 PMCID: PMC10750985 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Domestic birds such as Gallus gallus, Meleagris gallopavo, Anser anser and Numida meleagris are widely distributed throughout the world and maintain contact with humans and other animal species considered reservoirs of both Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL), including dogs and cats; wild canids, marsupials; and synanthropic animals such as rodents and chiroptera. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in birds from a rural area of the municipality of Santa Maria, southern Brazil. From May to December 2022, 262 blood samples were collected from 244 chickens, 8 turkeys, 7 guinea fowl and 3 geese, distributed in 27 rural properties in 6 districts. All the sites visited presented positive birds for the presence of Leishmania spp. Thus, it is inferred that, contact with this protozoan can induce the production of antibodies, suggesting that these animals can be used as sentinels for the circulation of this agent. In addition, the blood of these animals is a preferred food source for insects of the subfamily Phlebotominae, which can be used them as bioindicators of the presence of these phlebotomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Tatto
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fagner D’ambroso Fernandes
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis – UniRitter, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Eliesse Pereira Costa
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fabio Yuji Shibuya
- Laboratório Central de Diagnóstico em Patologias Aviárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Luiza Isaia de Freitas
- Laboratório Central de Diagnóstico em Patologias Aviárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Osmari
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Isac Junior Roman
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Bräunig
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Luis Antônio Sangioni
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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de Freitas Milagres T, López-de-Felipe M, da Silva WJ, Martín-Martín I, Gálvez R, da Silva OS. Same parasite, different outcomes: unraveling the epidemiology of Leishmania infantum infection in Brazil and Spain. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:774-785. [PMID: 37442747 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Human leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is an important health problem worldwide. One of the main aspects arousing interest is the epidemiological scenario surrounding Le. infantum infection in the New World (NW) and Old World (OW). This parasite was introduced to the Americas during European colonization leading to different epidemiology outcomes, even more enigmatic in the face of global changes. Thus, this review aims to highlight the differences and similarities between Le. infantum epidemiology between Brazil (NW) and Spain (OW), as both countries are leading the total number of leishmaniosis cases in their respective continents. Grounded on a systemic view, this article also draws attention to possible common innovative strategies to rethink ways of controlling infections caused by Le. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarcísio de Freitas Milagres
- Flebocollect Medical Entomology Citizen Science Group, Madrid, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Wellington Junior da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Inés Martín-Martín
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gálvez
- Flebocollect Medical Entomology Citizen Science Group, Madrid, Spain; Department of Specific Didactics, School of Education and Teacher Training, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Onilda Santos da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Dibo MR, Menezes RMTD, Souza FFD, Gil HB, Pinter A. Ecological aspects of Pintomyia fischeri and Migonemyia migonei in municipalities with Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2023; 32:e002123. [PMID: 37466624 PMCID: PMC10399549 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to study the composition of sand fly species, the seasonal activity of the dominant species and correlation with average rainfall, sex association of the dominant species with domicile habitats and analyze different landscape scenarios for the two study sites in the municipalities of Itapevi and Mogi of the Crosses. Sandflies were captured with CDC(s) traps installed in three households at each study site for a period of 24 hours, biweekly for two years. A total of 2970 specimens were collected. The dominant species were P.fischeri and M.migonei. A statistically significant difference was registered between males and females of the two species in relation to the intra and peridomicile. The seasonal activity of both species showed a weak significant positive correlation with rainfall. The species P.fischeri and M.migonei may be potential vectors of CVL in the studied sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth Regina Dibo
- Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Instituto Pasteur, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Helio Benites Gil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Adriano Pinter
- Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Instituto Pasteur, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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de Sousa RLT, Araujo-Pereira TD, Leal ARDS, Freire SM, Silva CLM, Mallet JRDS, Vilela ML, Vasconcelos SA, Gomes R, Teixeira C, Britto C, Pita Pereira DD, Carvalho BMD. Association between the potential distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani and leishmaniasis incidence in Piauí State, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011388. [PMID: 37276231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are vector borne diseases caused by Leishmania spp. parasites transmitted by female sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) whose geographic distribution is influenced by environmental factors. Among the main tools for studying the distribution of vector species, modeling techniques are used to analyze the influence of climatic and environmental factors on the distribution of these insects and their association with human cases of the disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we used a multiscale ecological niche modeling approach to assess the environmental suitability of sandfly vectors of the etiological agents of Visceral (VL) and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Piauí state, northeastern Brazil, and then evaluated their relationship with human disease incidence. For this, we obtained the geographic coordinates of the vector species Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani through literature review, online databases and unpublished records. These data were used for the development of predictive models of the distribution of both sandflies species based on climatic and environmental variables. Finally, the environmental suitability for the presence of these vectors was compared with the incidence of both the diseases at the municipality level. The final models for each sandfly species showed good predictive powers with performance metric values of 0.889 for Lu. longipalpis and 0.776 for Ny. whitmani. The areas with greater environmental suitability for the presence of these species were concentrated in the central-north region of Piauí and coincide with the location of those municipalities presenting higher incidences of VL and ACL, situated in the central-north and extreme north of the state, respectively. The south and southeast regions of Piauí state have low incidence of these diseases and presented low environmental suitability for the presence of both vectors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We discuss how predictive modeling can guide entomological and epidemiological surveillances and recommend an increased supervision and control activities in Teresina (capital of the state of Piaui), Altos and Pedro II, in addition to other municipalities with similar social and environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais de Araujo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Simone Mousinho Freire
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Cleanto Luiz Maia Silva
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Escritório Regional Fiocruz-Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
- Laboratório de Vigilância e Biodiversidade em Saúde, Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Luiz Vilela
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Régis Gomes
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Fiocruz-Ceará, Eusébio, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bruno Moreira de Carvalho
- Climate and Health Program, Earth Sciences Department, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
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Andrade DC, Lima AFVDA, Jeraldo VDLS, de Melo CM, Pinto MC, Madi RR. Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the Spatial Distribution of Species in Sergipe, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:401-407. [PMID: 36462189 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Some sand fly species are the vectors responsible for the transmission of Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the etiological agent of leishmaniasis, and in the state of Sergipe, the two main forms of the disease (visceral and cutaneous) are recorded. Few works show information about the species that form the Phlebotominae fauna in Sergipe. This study aimed to update and determine how they are distributed throughout the state. The study used data from surveys about phlebotomines in Sergipe, from the Program of Surveillance and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis, carried out by the Central Public Health Laboratory of Sergipe, from 2008 to 2018, along with review and original data from 2022. The commentary on this information was developed with focus on the species that can be vectors for the disease. Sergipe has, up to now, 27 registered species of phlebotomines from 12 genera, 15 of them are of sanitary relevance. Twenty two of these species are in the mesoregion East, 19 in the Agreste, and 11 in the Sertão of Sergipe. The species with the greatest distribution was Evandromyia lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), present in 74.6% of the municipalities of Sergipe, followed by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), the main vector of the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, present in 68% of the municipalities studied. This study expands the number and distribution of species recorded in the state. This information can contribute to disease containment plans and support health education actions aimed at the control of leishmaniasis in Sergipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Campos Andrade
- Tiradentes University - UNIT, Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernando Viana de Assis Lima
- State Health Secretariat of Sergipe, Central Laboratory of Public Health of Sergipe (LACEN-SE), Entomology Laboratory, R. Campo do Brito, 551 - Salgado Filho, 49020-590, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Verónica de Lourdes Sierpe Jeraldo
- Tiradentes University - UNIT, Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Moura de Melo
- Tiradentes University - UNIT, Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- São Paulo State University, UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/n, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Riscala Madi
- Tiradentes University - UNIT, Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Vieira VR, de Aguiar GM, de Azevedo ACR, Rangel EF, Guimarães AÉ. Sand fly population dynamics in areas of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Municipality of Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3622. [PMID: 36869064 PMCID: PMC9984490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is the second and last part of the study that investigated the fauna and behavior of sand flies in areas prone to cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreaks, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, in the municipality of Paraty. To collect the sand flies, CDC and Shannon light traps were used, installed in the peridomiciliary and forest areas, and manual suction tubes on the walls of the home and in the animal shelters. A total of 102,937 sand flies, belonging to nine genera and 23 species were captured from October 2009 to September 2012. Regarding the monthly frequency of sand flies, the period of highest density was from November to March, with a maximum peak in January. The lowest density was observed in June and July. In the studied area, the species of epidemiological importance, Nyssomyia intermedia, Pintomyia fischeri, Migonemyia migonei and Nyssomyia whitmani, were found in all months of the year, a period in which residents may be in contact with these vectors of the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rendeiro Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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da Silva BQ, Afonso MMDS, Freire LJM, de Santana ALF, Pereira-Colavite A, Rangel EF. Ecological Aspects of the Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) among Forest Fragments and Built Areas in an Endemic Area of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Insects 2022; 13:1156. [PMID: 36555066 PMCID: PMC9784549 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are dipterans of medical importance, as some species are vectors of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The municipality of João Pessoa (Paraíba, northeastern Brazil), is an endemic region for AVL, having high rates of human and canine cases. The main objective was to evaluate the sand fly fauna among forest fragments and built areas, and its relationship with environmental conditions. HP light traps were placed in the studied areas from March 2019 to July 2021. A total of 2141 specimens of phlebotomines were captured, comprising nine genera and ten species. Temperature and humidity were significant and positive only in built areas. The diversity composition among forest fragments and built areas was different and the AVL vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, was the most prevalent species in built areas. The study showed that the built areas present differences in their richness and diversity of sand flies in relation to forest fragments, concluding that the conservation of forest areas, even if urban fragments, favors the diversity of phlebotomine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Queiroz da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas José Macêdo Freire
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandre Pereira-Colavite
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58052-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
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Dutra-Rêgo F, Freire ML, Carvalho GMDL, Andrade-Filho JD. Revisiting the cave-dwelling sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from Brazil: Diversity and potential role in the transmission of Leishmania Ross, 1903 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). Med Vet Entomol 2022; 36:408-423. [PMID: 35582971 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian caves, one of the many tourist attractions of the country, may act as a shelter for insects, such as sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), natural hosts of various microorganisms including parasites of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903. In the last decades, with the increasing global need for sustainable development, ecotourism has emerged as one of the major activities in Brazil. However, the constant monitoring in environmentally protected areas is not often carried out, endangering visitors and professionals, especially due to the occurrence of zoonoses. Several sand fly species have already been recorded in Brazilian caves, drawing attention to the possibility of Leishmania transmission at this ecotope. Indeed, this current systematic review summarizes the fauna of cave-dwelling sand flies in Brazil, focusing on their biological behaviour and the occurrence of potential vectors of Leishmania parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra-Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lourenço Freire
- Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infectoparasitárias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade-Filho
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Sadlova J, Bacikova D, Becvar T, Vojtkova B, England M, Shaw J, Volf P. Porcisia transmission by prediuresis of sand flies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:981071. [PMID: 36034718 PMCID: PMC9399930 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.981071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites of the genus Porcisia, together with the genus Endotrypanum, form a sister clade to the species-rich and medically important genus Leishmania. Both Porcisia species, P. hertigi and P. deanei, are dixenous parasites of Neotropical porcupines. Almost 50 years after their first discovery, knowledge of their life cycle remains poor and their insect vectors are unknown. Because competent vectors of their closest phylogenetic relatives, genera Endotrypanum and Leishmania, are phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and/or biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), we examined here the potential of both sand flies and biting midges to transmit Porcisia parasites. The insects (Lutzomyia longipalpis, L. migonei and Culicoides sonorensis) were exposed to parasites through the chicken skin membrane and dissected at various time intervals post bloodmeal. Potentially infected females were also allowed to feed on the ears of anaesthetized BALB/c mice and the presence of parasite DNA was subsequently confirmed in the mice by PCR. Porcisia hertigi did not survive defecation in L. longipalpis or L. migonei, suggesting that these sand fly species are unlikely to serve as natural vectors of this parasite. Similarly, P. hertigi infections were lost in Culicoides midges. In contrast, mature P. deanei infections developed in 51-61% of L. longipalpis females, 7.3% of L. migonei females and 7.7% of Culicoides sonorensis females. In all three vector species, P. deanei colonized predominantly Malpighian tubules and produced metacyclic infective forms. Transmission of P. daenei to BALB/c mice was demonstrated via the prediuresis of L. longipalpis females. This mode of transmission, as well the colonization of Malpighian tubules as the dominant tissue of the vector, is unique among trypanosomatids. In conclusion, we demonstrated the vector competence of L. longipalpis for P. deanei but not for P. hertigi, and further studies are needed to evaluate competence of other Neotropical vectors for these neglected parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Sadlova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jovana Sadlova,
| | - Dominika Bacikova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Becvar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Vojtkova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marion England
- Transmission Biology, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Neitzke-Abreu HC, Costa GB, da Silva MN, Palacio E, da Silva Cardoso A, de Almeida PS, da Costa Lima-Junior MS. Geographic distribution of human leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:227. [PMID: 35751099 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, sand flies and cases of visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniases have been reported in almost all municipalities. The aim of this study was to analyze the geographic distribution of VL and CL in relation the sand fly species found in the municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS We analyzed VL and CL cases from 2001 to 2018 using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Data collected since 2003 on the presence of sand fly vectors (proven or suspected) were provided by the State Health Secretariat. RESULTS A total of 3566 and 3030 cases of VL and CL, respectively, were reported from 2001 to 2018. The municipalities with the most reported cases of VL were Campo Grande (2495), Três Lagoas (442), Corumbá (140) and Aquidauana (136); and those for CL were Campo Grande (635) and Bodoquena (197). The following sand fly species with vector potential were found in 59 municipalities (74.7%): Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia cruzi, Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Pintomyia pessoai, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and Pintomyia fischeri. Sand flies were present in six municipalities where no cases of VL were reported and in two municipalities where no cases of CL were reported. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the geographical distribution of VL and CL in Mato Grosso do Sul expanded during the study period, and highlight the presence of sand fly vectors in municipalities where these diseases are currently considered to be non-endemic.
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Araújo AR, Ebbers WBH 2nd, Feitosa APS, Silva DAD, Bandeira RAM, Velásquez CMR, Pessoa FAC, Alves LC, Brayner FA. DEFINITION OF THE MAIN VECTOR OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: ECOLOGY AND MAPPING IN ENDEMIC AREA OF NORTHEAST BRAZIL. Acta Trop 2022;:106572. [PMID: 35753387 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Pernambuco. Aiming to determine the vector species of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of the Northeast region of Brazil, this study aimed to use the spatial mapping of human cases of CL and correlate with ecological studies of the vectors in the municipality of Timbaúba, Pernambuco, Brazil. Individuals infected with CL were recruited through active search in their homes and clinically and serologically diagnosed during the period from 2018 to 2019. Sandflies were captured with CDC-type light traps in peridomiciliary environments and these were identified at the species level. Females were separated for DNA extraction and subsequent analysis by PCR. The points of collection of phlebotomes and the residences of individuals with lesions were marked with GPS. During the study period, 60 cases of CL were diagnosed. A higher concentration of CL cases was observed in proximity to Atlantic forest remnants confirmed by heat map. A total of 3,744 sandflies was captured and five distinct species were identified, with the predominance of Nyssomyia whitmani. From the females separated for the identification of Leishmania braziliensis DNA, a rate of 0.68% of infected sandflies was obtained. It was concluded that cutaneous leishmaniasis continues to be a rural feature of the area. And from this study, it is concluded that Ny. whitmani is the carrier species of CL in the municipality of Timbaúba, Pernambuco. This is due to abundance in catching, specialization of species and PCR positivity for Leishmania braziliensis.
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Mota TF, Brodskyn CI, Morello LG, Marchini FK, Krieger MA, de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo R, Fraga DBM. Multiplex qPCR assay to determine Leishmania infantum load in Lutzomyia longipalpis sandfly samples. Med Vet Entomol 2022; 36:176-184. [PMID: 35089617 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a multiplex qPCR to detect Leishmania infantum load in different sandfly sample settings using Leishmania kDNA and sandfly vacuolar ATPase (VATP) subunit C as internal control gene. The amplification of Lutzomyia longipalpis VATP gene was evaluated together with Leishmania infantum kDNA in a multiplex reaction. The concentration of VATP gene oligonucleotides was adjusted until no statistically significant difference was observed between all multiplex standard curves and singleplex curves, that is, only kDNA amplification. Limit of detection (LoD) was measured using a probit model and a cut-off defined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Limit of quantification (LoQ) was assessed by a linear model using the coefficient of variation threshold of 25%. After assuring VATP gene amplification, its primer-probe concentrations were best at 100 nM/10 nM, respectively. The cut-off Cq value for L. infantum kDNA was defined as 35.46 with 100% of sensitivity and specificity. A total of 95% LoD was determined to be of 0.162 parasites while LoQ was 5.858. Our VATP/kDNA multiplex qPCR assay shows that it can be used to evaluate both DNA integrity and determine L. infantum load in L. longipalpis even for low yielded samples, that is, individual midguts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Feitosa Mota
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Morello
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio Krieger
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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de Souza Fernandes W, de Oliveira Moura Infran J, Falcão de Oliveira E, Etelvina Casaril A, Petilim Gomes Barrios S, Lopes de Oliveira SL, Gutierrez de Oliveira A. Phlebotomine Sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Fauna and The Association Between Climatic Variables and The Abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato in an Intense Transmission Area for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Central Western Brazil. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:997-1007. [PMID: 35139201 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence, abundance, and distribution of sandflies are strongly influenced by climate and environmental changes. This study aimed to describe the sandfly fauna in an intense transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis and to evaluate the association between the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato (Lutz & Neiva 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) and climatic variables. Captures were carried out 2 yr (July 2017 to June 2019) with automatic light traps in 16 sites of the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), precipitation (mm3), and wind speed (km/h) were obtained by a public domain database. The Wilcoxon test compared the absolute frequencies of the species by sex. The association between climatic variables and the absolute frequency of Lu. longipalpis s.l. was assessed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. A total of 1,572 sandflies into four species were captured. Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. was the most abundant species and presented a significant correlation with the average temperature, humidity, and wind speed in different periods. Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. was captured in all months, showing its plasticity in diverse weather conditions. We emphasize the importance of regular monitoring of vectors and human and canine cases, providing data for surveillance and control actions to continue to be carried out in the municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
- Instituto Integrado de Saúde (INISA), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Suellem Petilim Gomes Barrios
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel Lucas Lopes de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
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Moya SL, Szelag EA, Manteca-Acosta M, Quintana MG, Salomón OD. Update of the Phlebotominae Fauna with New Records for Argentina and Observations on Leishmaniasis Transmission Scenarios at a Regional Scale. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:311-323. [PMID: 34936066 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotominae are small insects distributed in the Americas from Canada to Argentina and Uruguay, counting with more than 500 neotropical species. Some of them have a vectorial role in the transmission of Leishmania Ross, the causative agent of leishmaniases, a group of worldwide distributed diseases with different clinical manifestations and transmission cycles. Our aim was to update the Phlebotominae fauna of Argentina and to make observations on the American Cutaneous (ACL) and Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission scenarios, according to the distribution of proven or suspected Leishmania vector species and recent changes in land use. Primary data (entomological captures) and secondary data (review of 65 scientific publications with Phlebotominae records) were used. With 9 new records, 46 Phlebotominae species are now recorded through the area comprising 14 political jurisdictions and 6 phytogeographic provinces. Distribution maps were constructed for the 5 proven or incriminated Leishmania vector species, and the evidence supporting the vectorial incrimination of these species is discussed. Three main ACL transmission scenarios are described in the phytogeographic provinces of the Yungas, Chaco, and Paranaense, associated with deforestation processes, while the transmission scenarios of AVL are urban outbreaks and scattered cases in rural areas. We update the available knowledge on the Phlebotominae fauna present in Argentina, emphasizing its epidemiological relevance in the current context of the increasing frequency of ACL outbreaks and geographic spread of AVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Lorián Moya
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud de La Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Red de Investigación de La Leishmaniasis en Argentina (ReDILA), Resistencia, Argentina.
| | - Enrique Alejandro Szelag
- Red de Investigación de La Leishmaniasis en Argentina (ReDILA), Resistencia, Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manteca-Acosta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Red de Investigación de La Leishmaniasis en Argentina (ReDILA), Resistencia, Argentina
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico E Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud de La Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud de La Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Red de Investigación de La Leishmaniasis en Argentina (ReDILA), Resistencia, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Entomología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud de La Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Red de Investigación de La Leishmaniasis en Argentina (ReDILA), Resistencia, Argentina
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Silveira KRD, Nogueira PM, Soares RP. Effect of hybridization on Lipophosphoglycan expression in Leishmania major. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1169-1174. [PMID: 35312138 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). It is one of the most studied Leishmania species not only during vector interaction, but also in the vertebrate host. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is the Leishmania multifunctional virulence factor during host-parasite interaction, whose polymorphisms are involved in the immunopathology of leishmaniasis. Although natural hybrids occur in nature, hybridization of L. major strains in the laboratory was successfully demonstrated. However, LPG expression in the hybrids remains unknown. LPGs from parental (Friedlin-Fn and Seidman-Sd) and hybrids (FnSd3, FnSd4A, FnSd4B and FnSd6F) were extracted, purified and their repeat units analyzed by immunoblotting and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). Parental strains have distinct profiles in LPG expression, and a mixed profile was observed for all hybrids. Variable levels of NO production by macrophages were detected after LPG exposure (parental and hybrids) and were strain specific. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Casanova C, Motoie G, Domingos MDF, Silva VGD, Silva MDD, Galati EAB, Galvis-Ovallos F. The transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Guarujá, on the Coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:1. [PMID: 35239924 PMCID: PMC8849287 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform an entomological survey, evaluating the circulation of Leishmania spp. in sand flies captured from the new foci of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the coastal region of São Paulo state. METHODS Sand flies were captured from November 2016 to September 2018 using light traps of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in the neighborhood where VL cases were reported. Leishmania spp. circulation was evaluated by gut dissection and molecular analysis of the females captured. RESULTS Nyssomyia intermedia was the more frequent species (90,7%) within the 1,203 sand flies captured. We found no flagellates in dissected females, but two pools containing females of Ny. intermedia presented DNA of L. infantum. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Ny. intermedia might be involved in the establishment of this new VL focus in Sao Paulo. However, before incriminating this species as a L. infantum vector, further studies should investigate other vectorial capacity parameters, including competence, survival, and feeding habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vanessa Gusmon da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mariana Dantas da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Epidemiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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21
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Tonelli GB, Andrade-Filho JD, Campos AM, Margonari C, Amaral AR, Volf P, Shaw EJ, Hamilton JGC. Examination of the interior of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) abdomen reveals novel cuticular structures involved in pheromone release: Discovering the manifold. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009733. [PMID: 34932549 PMCID: PMC8730455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The males of many species of New World Phlebotomines produce volatile terpenoid chemicals, shown in Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. to be sex/aggregation pheromones. Pheromone is produced by secretory cells which surround a cuticular reservoir which collects the pheromone and passes it through a cuticular duct to the surface of the insect. The pheromone then passes through specialised cuticular structures on the abdominal surface prior to evaporation. The shape and distribution of the specialised structures are highly diverse and differ according to species. In this study we used SEM to examine the interior cuticular pheromone collection and transport structures of 3 members of the Lu. longipalpis s.l. species complex and Migonemyia migonei. We found a new structure which we have called the manifold which appears to be a substantial extension of the interior tergal cuticle connected in-line with the cuticular duct and reservoir. The manifold of the Campo Grande member of the complex is longer and wider than the Jacobina member whereas the manifold of the Sobral member was shorter than both other members of the complex. Overall, the secretory apparatus of the Sobral member was smaller than the other two. The manifold of M. migonei was very different to those found in Lu. longipalpis s.l. and was positioned in a pit-like structure within the tergal cuticle. The secretory reservoir was connected by a short duct to the manifold. Differences in the size and shape of the manifold may be related to the chemical structure of the pheromone and may have taxonomic value. Examination of the interior cuticle by SEM may help to locate the secretory apparatus of vector species where pheromonal activity has been inferred from behavioural studies but the external secretory structures or pheromones have not yet been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B. Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Brasil
| | | | - Aldenise M. Campos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Brasil
| | - Carina Margonari
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Brasil
| | - Amanda R. Amaral
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Brasil
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabeth J. Shaw
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - James G. C. Hamilton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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22
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Almeida AP, Pereira Júnior AM, Paulo PFMD, Pinto AMM, Boroviec BB, Viana GA, Freitas MTDS, Fuverki RBN, Ferreira RDGM, Medeiros JF. The spread of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: the first canine cases described in Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2021; 30:e011021. [PMID: 34852154 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are zoonotic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The disease has two clinical manifestations described in humans: visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniasis. In Brazil, there has been an expansion of human VL. The participation of the dog as a reservoir of Leishmania infantum, the agent of VL, is important for the epidemiology of the disease since canine cases generally precede human cases. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. infection in dogs in the municipality of Ji-Paraná by PCR assays using blood samples. Leishmania DNA was detected in two of the 105 studied dogs. The PCR products were sequenced and confirmed that the two samples (1.90%) correspond to L. infantum. The dogs had allochthonous history. Therefore, the positive results found here should serve as a warning to public health agencies. This is because Ji-Paraná is the third municipality to register cases of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in Rondônia state. Thus, reinforcing the importance of expanding studies on the epidemiology and surveillance of VL in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliny Pontes Almeida
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário São Lucas, Ji-Paraná, RO, Brasil
| | - Antonio Marques Pereira Júnior
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | | | | | - Bruna Bastos Boroviec
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário São Lucas, Ji-Paraná, RO, Brasil
| | - Geysa Almeida Viana
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário São Lucas, Ji-Paraná, RO, Brasil
| | | | | | - Ricardo de Godoi Mattos Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Genética, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
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Oliveira BFG, de Fátima Domingos M, Ovallos FG, de Camargo-Neves VLF. Updating Ecological and Behavioral Aspects of the Sandfly Fauna in the Vale do Ribeira Region, São Paulo State, Brazil. Insects 2021; 12:insects12110988. [PMID: 34821789 PMCID: PMC8618175 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Analyzing the biological and ecological characteristics of arthropods constitutes the basis for the entomological surveillance of vector-borne diseases. This is accomplished in order to implement vector surveillance and control programs. Thus, with the objective to update the distribution of sandflies in the main transmission region of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of São Paulo, we carried out a study of fauna in a modified environment, considering its environmental characteristics and climatic variables. Ecological indices such as richness, abundance, diversity, and equitability of the sandfly fauna in the region are presented. Abstract Some ecological parameters and the distribution of vectors in the municipality of Eldorado, Vale do Ribeira Region, São Paulo, were studied. Entomological surveys were carried out from September 2019 to March 2021. It was observed that a few ecological parameters, including richness, abundance, diversity, and equitability, were typical of a modified environment, where artificial ecotopes maintain the presence of sandflies throughout the year. A total of 11,668 sandflies were captured. The presence of five taxa were observed in Eldorado, with low diversity and high dominance of Nyssomyia intermedia next to Ny. neivai, which are sympatric species. The results presented reinforce the importance of these species in anthropized areas in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) agents and the need for entomological monitoring. Psathyromyia pascalei was encountered for the first time in the municipality, expanding the known area of distribution of this species in a modified environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byara Freitas Guedes Oliveira
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Núcleo de Biologia e Comportamento de Vetores de São Vicente, São Vicente 11310-050, SP, Brazil; (B.F.G.O.); (M.d.F.D.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Domingos
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Núcleo de Biologia e Comportamento de Vetores de São Vicente, São Vicente 11310-050, SP, Brazil; (B.F.G.O.); (M.d.F.D.)
| | - Fredy Galvis Ovallos
- Faculdade de São Paulo—USP, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil;
| | - Vera Lucia Fonseca de Camargo-Neves
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias—Sucen, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Orientação Técnica, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-991313143
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24
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Sevá ADP, Brandão APD, Godoy SN, Soares RM, Langoni H, Rodrigues BC, Gava MZE, Zanotto PFDC, Jimenez-Villegas T, Hiramoto R, Ferreira F. Investigation of canine visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area in Brazil and the comparison of serological and molecular diagnostic tests. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e01822021. [PMID: 34495256 PMCID: PMC8437447 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0182-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important zoonosis in Brazil. Previous identification of parasitized dogs can also help prevent the disease in humans, even in non-endemic areas of the country. The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends diagnosis in dogs using a DPP® (rapid test) as a screening test and an immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) as a confirmatory test (DPP®+ELISA), and culling infected dogs as a legal control measure. However, the accuracy of these serological tests has been questioned. METHODS: VL in dogs was investigated in a non-endemic area of the São Paulo state for three consecutive years, and the performances of different diagnostic tests were compared. RESULTS: A total of 331 dog samples were collected in 2015, 373 in 2016, and 347 in 2017. The seroprevalence by DPP®+ELISA was 3.3, 3.2, and 0.3%, respectively, and by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), it was 3.0, 5.6, and 5.5%, respectively. ELISA confirmed 18.4% of DPP® positive samples. The concordance between the IFA and DPP® was 83.9%. The concordance between IFA and DPP®+ELISA was 92.9%. A molecular diagnostic test (PCR) was performed in 63.2% of the seropositive samples, all of which were negative. CONCLUSIONS: In non-endemic areas, diagnostic tests in dogs should be carefully evaluated to avoid false results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - Ana Pérola Drulla Brandão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Silvia Neri Godoy
- Instituto Chico Mendez de Conservação da Biodiversidade, São Sebastião, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Martins Soares
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Mariana Zanchetta E Gava
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Paula Ferraz de Camargo Zanotto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Jimenez-Villegas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Fernando Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Viana de Almeida L, Luís Reis-Cunha J, Coqueiro-Dos-Santos A, Flávia Rodrigues-Luís G, de Paula Baptista R, de Oliveira Silva S, Norma de Melo M, Castanheira Bartholomeu D. Comparative genomics of Leishmania isolates from Brazil confirms the presence of Leishmania major in the Americas. Int J Parasitol 2021:S0020-7519(21)00233-2. [PMID: 34329650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania (Leishmania) major is an important agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, having as a vector sandflies belonging to the genus Phlebotomus. Although this species has been described as restricted to the Old World, parasites similar to L. major have been isolated from South American patients who have never travelled abroad. These parasites were named "L. major-like", and several studies have been carried out to characterise them biochemically, molecularly, and biologically. However, the phylogenetic origin of these isolates is still unknown. In the present study we characterised three L. major-like isolates, named BH49, BH121 and BH129, using comparative genomics approaches. We evaluated the presence of gene and segmental duplications/deletions and the presence of aneuploidies that could explain the differences in infectivity observed in the BH49 and BH121 isolates. All isolates presented a pattern of mosaic aneuploidy and gene copy number variation, which are common in the genus Leishmania. Virulence factors such as phosphatases and peptidases were found to have increased gene copy numbers in the infective isolate, which could explain the difference in infectivity previously observed between BH121 and BH49. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that BH49, BH121 and BH129 L. major-like grouped with L. major isolates, and suggest they were imported from the Old World in at least two independent events. We suggest that new epidemiological inquiries should also evaluate L. major infections in South America, to assess the epidemiological importance of this species in the New World.
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Becvar T, Vojtkova B, Siriyasatien P, Votypka J, Modry D, Jahn P, Bates P, Carpenter S, Volf P, Sadlova J. Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Mundinia) parasites by biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009654. [PMID: 34115806 PMCID: PMC8221790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites, causative agents of leishmaniasis, are currently divided into four subgenera: Leishmania, Viannia, Sauroleishmania and Mundinia. The recently established subgenus Mundinia has a wide geographical distribution and contains five species, three of which have the potential to infect and cause disease in humans. While the other Leishmania subgenera are transmitted exclusively by phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), natural vectors of Mundinia remain uncertain. This study investigates the potential of sand flies and biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to transmit Leishmania parasites of the subgenus Mundinia. Sand flies (Phlebotomus argentipes, P. duboscqi and Lutzomyia migonei) and Culicoides biting midges (Culicoides sonorensis) were exposed to five Mundinia species through a chicken skin membrane and dissected at specific time intervals post bloodmeal. Potentially infected insects were also allowed to feed on ear pinnae of anaesthetized BALB/c mice and the presence of Leishmania DNA was subsequently confirmed in the mice using polymerase chain reaction analyses. In C. sonorensis, all Mundinia species tested were able to establish infection at a high rate, successfully colonize the stomodeal valve and produce a higher proportion of metacyclic forms than in sand flies. Subsequently, three parasite species, L. martiniquensis, L. orientalis and L. sp. from Ghana, were transmitted to the host mouse ear by C. sonorensis bite. In contrast, transmission experiments entirely failed with P. argentipes, although colonisation of the stomodeal valve was observed for L. orientalis and L. martiniquensis and metacyclic forms of L. orientalis were recorded. This laboratory-based transmission of Mundinia species highlights that Culicoides are potential vectors of members of this ancestral subgenus of Leishmania and we suggest further studies in endemic areas to confirm their role in the lifecycles of neglected pathogens. Leishmania parasites are causative agents of leishmaniasis, a disease affecting millions of humans worldwide. It is widely accepted that these flagellates are transmitted exclusively by phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae). Reservoir hosts and insect vectors for the newly established Leishmania subgenus Mundinia, however, remain poorly understood. Preliminary evidence from field-based studies discovered biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) that were naturally infected by L. (Mundinia) macropodum in Australia. This surprising finding led us to carry out a detailed laboratory study aimed at comparison of the development of all currently known species of the subgenus Mundinia in both putative vector families. We found that all five Mundinia species developed successfully in C. sonorensis and the successful transmission of three Mundinia species from infected insects to mice was demonstrated for the first time. This is the first detailed in vivo evidence that biting midges can act as competent vectors of Leishmania parasites of the subgenus Mundinia and has considerable epidemiological implications for control of these neglected pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Becvar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vojtkova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jan Votypka
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Modry
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Sciences/CINeZ, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jahn
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Bates
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Carpenter
- Entomology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jovana Sadlova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Galvis-Ovallos F, Ueta AE, Marques GDO, Sarmento AMC, Araujo G, Sandoval C, Tomokane TY, da Matta VLR, Laurenti MD, Galati EAB. Detection of Pintomyia fischeri (Diptera: Psychodidae) With Leishmania infantum (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) Promastigotes in a Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:830-836. [PMID: 33047129 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is spreading in Brazil where the main vector of its agent, Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908, is the Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) species complex (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), on which many of the activities of the visceral leishmaniasis surveillance program are based. However, there are areas where canine, and/or human cases have been occurring without the presence of this species complex as in the western part of the Greater São Paulo Metropolitan region, where Embu das Artes municipality is situated. In this area, Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926) has been implicated as potential vector of Le. infantum but so far its natural infection with this parasite has not yet been ascertained. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the natural infection in sand flies of a CVL focus in Embu das Artes. The sand fly collections were undertaken with Shannon and CDC traps, monthly, between 1800 and 2100 hours from November 2018 to October 2019, inclusive. A total of 951 sand flies (457 males and 494 females), belonging to 10 species, were captured. Pintomyia fischeri was the predominant species (89.5%); of which 426 females were dissected and one of them (0.23%) was found to be harboring flagellates in its midgut. A sample of these flagellates was isolated in culture and characterized by a 234 base pair fragment of Leishmania heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70) and restriction fragment length polymorphism with Hae III restriction enzyme as Le. infantum. This finding reinforces previous evidence of Pi. fischeri as a vector of Le. infantum in foci of visceral leishmaniasis and highlights the importance of vector surveillance in areas where this species occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriele Eiko Ueta
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella de Oliveira Marques
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Casagrande Sarmento
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Av. Ecologista de João de Oliveira Ramos de Sá 336, CEP, Chácaras Bartira, Embu das Artes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Araujo
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sandoval
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaíse Yumie Tomokane
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia Lúcia Ribeiro da Matta
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fernández MS, Manteca-Acosta M, Cueto GR, Cavia R, Salomón OD. Variation of the Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Assemblage in Response to Land Use Changes in an Endemic Area of Leishmania Transmission in Northeast Argentina. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1735-1747. [PMID: 32463079 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are a global health problem and in Argentina are considered emerging diseases. The new transmission scenarios of tegumentary leishmaniasis are especially important given that large areas of forest are being transformed into rural and urban systems. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the construction of a large public building and a neighborhood on the assemblage of Phlebotominae in a rural area with forest remnants and to correlate the changes observed in the species assemblage with characteristics of the environment. Entomological surveys with light traps were conducted on the construction campus in the northeastern region of Argentina at six sites representing different environmental situations. Structural environmental characteristics and meteorological conditions were recorded and analyzed. At least 16 species of Phlebotominae sand flies were collected, the most prevalent being Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho), followed by the genus Brumptomyia (França & Parrot) and Migonemyia migonei (França). Our study provides evidence of how the structure of the assemblages and prevalent species respond to anthropogenic disturbances. As the construction progressed, both Ny. whitmani and the genus Brumptomyia were favored. The genus Brumptomyia was favored at sites surrounded by high proportions of forest, within patches of remnant vegetation, and relatively far from anthropogenic disturbances, while Ny. whitmani, the main vector of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the region, increases their abundant at short and intermediate distances from vegetation margins and areas close to anthropogenic disturbances, therefore increasing the risk of human exposure to vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Fernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manteca-Acosta
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo R Cueto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regino Cavia
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar D Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud, y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Puerto Iguazú , Argentina
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Barrios SPG, Pereira LE, Casaril AE, Infran JDOM, Fernandes WDS, Oshiro ET, Galati EAB, Graciolli G, Paranhos Filho AC, de Oliveira AG. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Biomes in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1882-1904. [PMID: 32804237 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is an important region of South America regarding leishmaniasis, with the great diversity of sandflies reported since 1938 and wide biodiversity represented by its biomes (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal). A checklist of sandflies is presented here for the state and respective biomes. The data base was compiled from primary and secondary data. The primary data collection involved automatic light traps at Miranda-Abobral Pantanal subregion and in subregion Baixa Nhecolância of Pantanal. The secondary data were obtained from entomology scientific collections and a literature review of articles from 1938 to 2019, including entomological museum collections. A total of 71 species were reported, belonging to 14 genera and 13 subgenera, in 61 municipalities of the state, including the type locality of 9 species, and the first report of Lutzomyia cruzi (Mangabeira 1938), vector of Leishmania infantum (Nicolle 1937), in the Pantanal region of Miranda-Abobral. Other vector species, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira 1942), Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva 1912), Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho 1939), Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva 1912), Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto 1926), and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho 1939), are reported in the entire area of the state. Maps containing the distribution of sandflies on Mato Grosso do Sul biomes were produced. The eclecticism of the species in relation to their ecotypes was observed, with several species using the three biome types as habitats and breeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellem Petilim Gomes Barrios
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Escalante Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elisa Teruyia Oshiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Graciolli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antônio Conceição Paranhos Filho
- Laboratório de Geotecnologias Ambientais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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30
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Quintana MG, Santini MS, Cavia R, Martínez MF, Liotta DJ, Fernández MS, Pérez AA, Mancini JMD, Moya SL, Giuliani MG, Salomón OD. Multiscale environmental determinants of Leishmania vectors in the urban-rural context. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:502. [PMID: 33008441 PMCID: PMC7532651 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In South America, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are emerging diseases, expanding in the border area of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Outbreaks of CL were reported since the 1990s, with Nyssomyia whitmani as the main vector in this region. Regarding VL, urban reports started in 2010 with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the main vector. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental determinants related to the main vectors of leishmaniasis, to contribute to the prevention and control response to the emergence of VL and CL in the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border region. Methods The cross-sectional survey includes two cities and two close rural areas in the Argentinean Northeast Region, between November 2014 and January 2015, with a total of 95 sampling sites. REDILA-BL traps were set for three consecutive nights, and a total of 68 meso- and microscale environmental and landscape characteristics were surveyed. The association between vector abundance with different variables was evaluated using a generalized linear model with zero-inflated negative binomial distribution. We analyzed females for detection of Leishmania DNA. Results The analysis for Lu. longipalpis indicates an excess of absences when the mean NDWI around the sites were higher. The abundance of Lu. longipalpis at mesoscale level was higher when more urban services were present, and when blood sources such as chickens or dogs at the microscale level were present. For Ny. whitmani, no variable was found to be associated with the absences, while its abundance increased in association with the following variables: percentage of tree cover, presence of garbage collection service, hosted people and, at microscale, the presence of poultry. Leshmania infantum DNA was detected in 2/49 (4%) Lu. longipalpis. Conclusions The abundance of both species is influenced by variables at different scales, their influence probably has a hierarchy and they are acting on different aspects of the biology of these vectors. The urban spatial segregation of Lu. longipalpis and the peri-urban and rural segregation of N. whitmani increase the risk of VL and CL. The selection of the better variables for each scale will allow the design of appropriate control strategies depending on species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. .,Instituto Superior de Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Soledad Santini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regino Cavia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Florencia Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Domingo Javier Liotta
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Alicia Pérez
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Manuel Direni Mancini
- Instituto Superior de Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Lorian Moya
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Gabriela Giuliani
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rêgo FD, Souza GD, Miranda JB, Peixoto LV, Andrade-Filho JD. Potential Vectors of Leishmania Parasites in a Recent Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Neighborhoods of Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1286-1292. [PMID: 32112089 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In view of recent cases of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis reported in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, we investigated the sand fly fauna inhabiting the neighborhoods of Morro Santana and Jardim Carvalho, Brazil, continuing a series of entomological surveys aimed to identify potential vectors of Leishmania (Ross, 1903) parasites. Sand flies were collected monthly from October 2016 to October 2017 using CDC light traps in the intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary environments of seven residences. Sand fly abundance was correlated to climatic variables. Females were pooled by species, location, and date for Leishmania DNA molecular screening using ITS1 and kDNA polymerase chain reaction. In total, 501 sand flies from five species were collected in which Lutzomyia gaminarai (Cordero, Vogelsang & Cossio, 1928) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (78%) was the most abundant species in the intradomiciliary sites while Migonemyia migonei (Franca, 1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (43.3%) was the most abundant in the peridomiciliary sites. A higher number of sand flies were collected during the warmest months, from December to March (Mann-Whitney statistical test - P < 0.001). Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in Lu. gaminarai (2), Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926) (1) and Mg. migonei (1). Leishmania braziliensis DNA was detected in Lu. gaminarai (1) and Pi. fischeri (1). Our results add support to the possible vector role of Pi. fischeri in the epidemiological cycle of Le. infantum in Brazil. Furthermore, the first documented detection of Leishmania DNA in Lu. gaminarai may be indicative of multiple vectors being involved in the Leishmania cycle within Porto Alegre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Getúlio Dornelles Souza
- Núcleo de Vigilância de Roedores e Vetores, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Flebotomíneos, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia Bahia Miranda
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lais Vieira Peixoto
- Núcleo de Vigilância de Roedores e Vetores, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade-Filho
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Tanure A, Rêgo FD, Tonelli GB, Campos AM, Shimabukuro PHF, Gontijo CMF, Paz GF, Andrade-Filho JD. Diversity of phlebotomine sand flies and molecular detection of trypanosomatids in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234445. [PMID: 32579586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the sand fly fauna and detect trypanosomatids in these insects from Casa Branca, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, an endemic area of both visceral (VL) and tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Sand flies were collected bimonthly from May 2013 to July 2014, using automatic light traps exposed for three consecutive nights in peridomiciliary areas of nine houses with previous reports of VL and TL. ITS1-PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for trypanosomatids identification. A total of 16,771 sand flies were collected belonging to 23 species. The most abundant species was Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (70.9%), followed by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (15.2%) and Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920) (9.1%). Leishmania amazonensis DNA was detected in Ny. whitmani (four pools) and Le. braziliensis DNA was detected in Psychodopygus lloydi (one pool). In seven pools of Ny. whitmani and in one pool of Lu. longipalpis positive for Leishmania DNA, the parasite species was not determined due to the low quality of the sequences. Moreover, DNA of Herpetomonas spp. was detected in Ny. whitmani (two pools) and Cortelezzii complex (one pool). DNA of Crithidia spp. was detected in Ny. whitmani and Ps. lloydi (both one pool). Our results suggest that Ny. whitmani may be involved in the transmission of Le. amazonensis in the study area. The molecular detection of Le. amazonensis suggests the presence of this species in a sylvatic cycle between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in the region of Casa Branca. Our data also reveal the occurrence of other non-Leishmania trypanosomatids in sand flies in Casa Branca District.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a human and animal disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which is now divided into four subgenera, Leishmania, Viannia, Sauroleishmania and Mundinia. Subgenus Mundinia, established in 2016, is geographically widely dispersed, its distribution covers all continents, except Antarctica. It consists of 5 species; L. enriettii and L. macropodum are parasites of wild mammals while L. martiniquensis, L. orientalis and an unnamed Leishmania sp. from Ghana are infectious to humans. There is very little information on natural reservoir hosts and vectors for any Mundinia species. METHODS Experimental infections of guinea pigs with all five Mundinia species were performed. Animals were injected intradermally with 107 culture-derived promastigotes into both ear pinnae. The courses of infections were monitored weekly; xenodiagnoses were performed at weeks 4 and 8 post-infection using Lutzomyia migonei. The distribution of parasites in different tissues was determined post-mortem by conventional PCR. RESULTS No significant differences in weight were observed between infected animals and the control group. Animals infected with L. enriettii developed temporary lesions at the site of inoculation and were infectious to Lu. migonei in xenodiagnoses. Animals infected with L. martiniquensis and L. orientalis developed temporary erythema and dry lesions at the site of inoculation, respectively, but were not infectious to sand flies. Guinea pigs infected by L. macropodum and Leishmania sp. from Ghana showed no signs of infection during experiments, were not infectious to sand flies and leishmanial DNA was not detected in their tissue samples at the end of experiments at week 12 post-inoculation. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, guinea pigs are not an appropriate model organism for studying Mundinia species other than L. enriettii. We suggest that for better understanding of L. (Mundinia) biology it is necessary to focus on other model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Becvar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Bates
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jovana Sádlová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Alexandre J, Sadlova J, Lestinova T, Vojtkova B, Jancarova M, Podesvova L, Yurchenko V, Dantas-Torres F, Brandão-Filho SP, Volf P. Experimental infections and co-infections with Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum in two sand fly species, Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia longipalpis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3566. [PMID: 32108151 PMCID: PMC7046706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are the most important causative agents of leishmaniases in the New World. These two parasite species may co-circulate in a given endemic area but their interactions in the vector have not been studied yet. We conducted experimental infections using both single infections and co-infections to compare the development of L. (L.) infantum (OGVL/mCherry) and L. (V.) braziliensis (XB29/GFP) in Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei. Parasite labelling by different fluorescein proteins enabled studying interspecific competition and localization of different parasite species during co-infections. Both Leishmania species completed their life cycle, producing infective forms in both sand fly species studied. The same happens in the co infections, demonstrating that the two parasites conclude their development and do not compete with each other. However, infections produced by L. (L.) infantum reached higher rates and grew more vigorously, as compared to L. (V.) braziliensis. In late-stage infections, L. (L.) infantum was present in all midgut regions, showing typical suprapylarian type of development, whereas L. (V.) braziliensis was concentrated in the hindgut and the abdominal midgut (peripylarian development). We concluded that both Lu. migonei and Lu. longipalpis are equally susceptible vectors for L. (L.) infantum, in laboratory colonies. In relation to L. (V.) braziliensis, Lu. migonei appears to be more susceptible to this parasite than Lu. longipalpis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Alexandre
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jovana Sadlova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Lestinova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vojtkova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Jancarova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Podesvova
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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35
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Pereira Júnior AM, Souza ABN, Castro TS, da Silva MS, de Paulo PFM, Ferreira GEM, de Medeiros JF. Diversity, natural infection and blood meal sources of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190170. [PMID: 31365633 PMCID: PMC6663149 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The state of Rondônia (RO) is a hot spot for human cases of cutaneous
leishmaniasis. Many sandfly species in RO are putative vectors of
leishmaniasis. OBJECTIVES This study examines the diversity patterns and the presence of
Leishmania DNA and blood meal sources of sandflies in
RO. METHODS A sandfly survey was performed between 2016 and 2018 in 10 municipalities
categorised into three different environment types: (i) Conservation Unit
(CUN) - comprised of preserved ombrophilous forests; (ii) Forest Edge (FE) -
small forest fragments; and (iii) Peridomicile (PE) - areas around
dwellings. FINDINGS A total of 73 species were identified from 9,535 sandflies. The most
abundant species were Psychodopygus davisi (1,741
individuals), Nyssomyia antunesi (1,397),
Trichophoromyia auraensis (1,295) and
Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (1,043). Diversity was the
highest in CUN, followed by the FE and PE environments. One pool of
Ps. davisi tested positive for
Leishmania braziliensis, reinforcing the possibility
that Ps. davisi acts as a vector. The
cytochrome b (cytb) sequences were used to identify three
blood meal sources: Bos taurus, Homo
sapiens and Tamandua tetradactyla. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that sandflies can switch between blood meal
sources in differing environments. This study enhances the knowledge of the
vector life cycle in RO and provides information relevant to leishmaniasis
surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marques Pereira Júnior
- Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Entomologia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia na Amazônia Ocidental, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel Eduardo Melim Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia na Amazônia Ocidental, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Epidemiologia Genética, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Jansen Fernandes de Medeiros
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Entomologia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia na Amazônia Ocidental, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
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Sales KGDS, de Oliveira Miranda DE, Costa PL, da Silva FJ, Figueredo LA, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F. Home sweet home: sand flies find a refuge in remote indigenous villages in north-eastern Brazil, where leishmaniasis is endemic. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 30909958 PMCID: PMC6434633 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2012 to 2013, an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania braziliensis was detected in indigenous villages located in a remote rural area of Pernambuco state, north-eastern Brazil. Considering that the principal activities of this indigenous community are farming and crop plantation, and also that the outbreak involved many children, we investigated the presence of sand fly vectors inside human houses and also the exposure of dogs to leishmanial parasites. Our general objective was to gather epidemiological data that could indicate the occurrence of a peri-domestic/domestic transmission cycle of L. braziliensis in these indigenous villages. METHODS From March 2015 to March 2016, sand flies were collected using light traps in the indoor and immediate outdoor environments in the three indigenous villages that reported the most cutaneous leishmaniasis cases during the 2012-2013 outbreak. Moreover, samples obtained from 300 dogs living in the outbreak villages and two nearby villages were tested by a rapid immunochromatographic test and by a real-time PCR for detecting anti-Leishmania antibodies and Leishmania DNA, respectively. RESULTS In total, 5640 sand flies belonging to 11 species were identified. Males (n = 3540) predominated over females (n = 2100). Migonemyia migonei (84.3%) was the most abundant species, followed by Evandromyia lenti (5.5%), Lutzomyia longipalpis (4.1%), Nyssomyia intermedia (1.6%) and Micropygomyia capixaba (1.4%), representing together ~97% of the sand flies collected. Nine out of the 11 species identified in this study were found indoors, including M. migonei, L. longipalpis and N. intermedia, which are proven vectors of Leishmania spp. Out of 300 dogs tested, 26 (8.7%) presented anti-Leishmania antibodies and six (2%) were Leishmania DNA-positive. The level of exposure in dogs living in the indigenous villages where the 2012-2013 outbreak of human CL was detected was almost 2-fold higher than in the two nearby villages (11.0 vs 6.2% for serology and 2.6 vs 1.4% for real-time PCR). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that different sand fly vectors may be adapted to human dwellings, thus increasing the risk of transmission in the indoor and immediate outdoor environments. The adaptation of sand flies to the indoor environment in the studied indigenous villages may be partly explained by the poor housing conditions and the proximity of the houses to crop plantations and forest fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando José da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
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Rêgo FD, Souza GD, Dornelles LFP, Andrade Filho JD. Ecology and Molecular Detection of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida) in Wild-Caught Sand Flies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Collected in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: A New Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:519-525. [PMID: 30321358 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are hematophagous insect vectors of the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida) that infect mammals, including humans, causing leishmaniasis. In Porto Alegre, Brazil, three autochthonous cases of human visceral leishmaniasis were reported in 2016 through 2017. We analyzed for the presence of Leishmania DNA in sand flies collected at the neighborhood of Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Phlebotomine sand flies were collected at three sites from October 2014 to September 2015. Female sand flies were pooled in numbers from 1 to 20 depending upon species, locality, and date; all were screened for Leishmania infection by the amplification of the ITS1 region. In total 518 phlebotomine sand flies were collected: Psathyromyia lanei (Barretto and Coutinho, 1941) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (30.5%), Brumptomyia sp. (França and Parrrot, 1921) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (25.7%), Migonemyia migonei (Franca, 1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (21.4%), Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (21.4%), and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (1.0%). Most sand flies were collected during the hot and rainy season from October 2014 to April 2015. Of the 113 pools analyzed, five pools of Pi. fischeri were PCR-positive with the amplicons possessing sequences similar (>95%) to that of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida). These results represent the first molecular detection of Le. infantum in Pi. fischeri. It is possible that Pi. fischeri is involved in the transmission cycle of Le. infantum in the studied area; however, further studies are needed to establish the true role of Pi. fischeri in the visceral leismaniasis cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Getúlio Dornelles Souza
- Núcleo de Flebotomíneos, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Vigilância de Roedores e Vetores, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Marcondes M, Day MJ. Current status and management of canine leishmaniasis in Latin America. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:261-272. [PMID: 30708238 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Latin America encompasses diverse geographical, cultural and socio-economic conditions, which are reflected in the challenges for infectious disease control in the region. One of the most significant regional infectious diseases for humans and domestic dogs is leishmaniasis, occurring as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) transmitted by sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) and with a canine reservoir, and the more common cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) involving multiple Leishmania spp. (particularly L. braziliensis), sand fly vectors and reservoir hosts. VL is spreading within Latin America for reasons related to mass migration of human and canine populations, with incursion into novel environments (e.g. related to deforestation) coupled with a background of poverty and poor public health infrastructure. The challenges for control of VL also include: (1) the accurate identification of infected dogs (particularly subclinically infected dogs) with the current reliance on serological rather than molecular diagnostic methods, (2) controversy surrounding the ethics and efficacy of culling of seropositive dogs, (3) the limited efficacy of currently available canine vaccines and their potential to interfere with interpretation of serological testing, (4) the expense associated with distribution of insecticidal dog collars, which may prove to be the most valuable control method, and (5) the cost and therefore accessibility of licensed medical treatment for canine leishmaniasis by the general population. Resolution of these isssues will necessitate a 'One Health' approach to co-ordination of resources between human and veterinary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Marcondes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, 16050-680 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Michael J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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39
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Costa PL, Brazil RP, Fuzari AA, Latrofa MS, Annoscia G, Tarallo VD, Capelli G, Otranto D, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Lutzomyia migonei from three Brazilian states. Acta Trop 2018; 187:144-150. [PMID: 30063885 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia migonei is incriminated as a vector of Leishmania braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Recently, this phlebotomine sand fly species has been suggested as a vector for Leishmania infantum, which causes zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Considering the widespread distribution of Lu. migonei in South America, the existence of isolated populations has been hypothesized. Three Lu. migonei populations, two from north-eastern Brazil (Machados, Pernambuco State, and Baturité, Ceará State) and other from the south-eastern region (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State) were analysed both morphologically and genetically. Though no significant morphological differences were found amongst the sand fly specimens analysed, discriminant analysis based on specific morphometric characters (i.e., length of wing, antennal segment 3 and coxite for males, and length of wing and antennal segment 3 for females), showed that specimens from Machados were closer to Baturité than to Niterói. The molecular analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences also supported this observation by the distinct separation of two monophyletic clades, grouping specimens from Machados and Baturité separately from those of Niterói. Our results suggest the existence of different populations within the distribution range of Lu. migonei. Whether these populations are reproductively isolated and/or present differences in terms of vector competence/capacity for L. braziliensis and L. infantum needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietra Lemos Costa
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Stefania Latrofa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giada Annoscia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Domenica Tarallo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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40
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Chanampa MDM, Gleiser RM, Hoyos CL, Copa GN, Mangudo C, Nasser JR, Gil JF. Vegetation Cover and Microspatial Distribution of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Endemic Locality for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northern Argentina. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:1431-1439. [PMID: 30113657 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sand fly fauna in Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentina, a locality where cutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur, was surveyed with zones of higher abundance of sand flies correlated to vegetation cover estimated through normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Sand flies were collected with 10 CDC traps during six nights, from December 2009 to January 2010. A map was built of expected sand flies abundance in which levels of NDVI were categorized. In total, 1,392 Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) specimens were collected, comprised of the following species: Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto 1926), Migonemyia migonei (França 1920), species of the cortelezzii complex (Brèthes 1923), Evandromyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho 1940), and Psathyromyia shannoni (Dyar 1929). Positive correlations were found between the abundance of sand flies and the NDVI (P < 0.05) for buffer areas of <150 m radii from the trap location points, i.e., the sand fly abundance was greater where vegetation cover and density were greater. In this context, plant cover should be taken into account to prioritize surveillance and control areas within the program of sand flies control in northern Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Del M Chanampa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional (INENCO-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sector Salud y Ambiente, Av. Bolivia, Salta, Argentina
| | - Raquel M Gleiser
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)-Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales (CREAN-IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos L Hoyos
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Argentina
| | - Griselda N Copa
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Argentina
| | - Carolina Mangudo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional (INENCO-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sector Salud y Ambiente, Av. Bolivia, Salta, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Argentina
| | - Julio R Nasser
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Biológica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - José F Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional (INENCO-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sector Salud y Ambiente, Av. Bolivia, Salta, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Biológica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
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41
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Lavitschka CDO, Ceretti-Junior W, Marrelli MT. Occurrences of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) Potentially Associated with Leishmaniasis Transmission in Urban Parks in the City of São Paulo, Brazil. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2018; 34:151-153. [PMID: 31442156 DOI: 10.2987/18-6735.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study of the phlebotomine sand flies was carried out between October 2011 and June 2013 in municipal parks in the city of São Paulo. A total of 173 specimens of 5 species were collected (Psychodopygus lloydi, Pintomyia fischeri, Lutzomyia amarali, Nyssomyia whitmani, and Migonemyia migonei). Three of these species may be involved in the transmission of the causative agent of tegumentary leishmaniasis. Surveillance and monitoring phlebotomine species from these areas are crucial as measure of prevention and control of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Ceretti-Junior
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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42
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Szelag EA, Rosa JR, Quintana MG, Salomon OD. Temporal distribution of, and effect of anthropic modifications on, phlebotomine populations in the Chaco Bioregion, Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 2018; 32:206-215. [PMID: 29205412 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Migonemyia migonei is the predominant species in the dry ecoregion and Nyssomyia neivai in the humid region, although co-dominance in humid highly modified areas could be observed. Vector abundance seems to be modulated by environmental anthropization, as the abundance and predominance of Ny. neiviai and Mg. migonei increased in highly modified areas. In Humid Chaco, the risk of human-vector contact would be present throughout the year, being particularly high in spring/summer, and in Dry Chaco, the risk would be restricted to temperate and humid months.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Szelag
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J R Rosa
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - M G Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink", Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - O D Salomon
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Remadi L, Jiménez M, Chargui N, Haouas N, Babba H, Molina R. The vector competence of Phlebotomus perniciosus for Leishmania infantum zymodemes of Tunisia. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2499-506. [PMID: 29804194 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Experimental infections of Phlebotomus (L.) perniciosus from a colony established in Madrid (Spain) carried out with the Leishmania (L.) infantum zymodemes MON-1, MON-24, and MON-80 isolated in Tunisia are reported here. Laboratory-reared female sand flies were experimentally fed via membrane feeding device on a suspension of L. infantum promastigotes in defibrinated rabbit blood (107/ml). Engorged females were dissected at progressive time points postfeeding to observe the intravectorial cycle of different L. infantum zymodemes. Development in the sand fly midgut of L. infantum parasites to the infective metacyclic promastigotes and monitoring the forward progression of parasites to finally reach the stomodeal valve (SV) of the sand fly were assessed. All tested L. infantum zymodemes developed properly in P. perniciosus. Experimental feeding with suspensions of promastigotes of all zymodemes led to very heavy late-stage infections. MON-24 and MON-80 zymodemes colonized the (SV) of P. perniciosus earlier than zymodeme MON-1, 2 and 4 days, respectively. Metacyclic promastigotes were observed in all experimental infections. The study shows for the first time that colonized P. perniciosus is able to acquire, retain, and develop in its midgut the zymodemes MON-24 and MON-80 isolated in Tunisia and highlights the putative role of this sand fly species in the transmission of such zymodemes to mammalian hosts in this country. The ability of experimentally infected sand fly species to transmit by bite such zymodemes needs to be assessed.
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Thomaz-Soccol V, Gonçalves AL, Piechnik CA, Baggio RA, Boeger WA, Buchman TL, Michaliszyn MS, Rodrigues Dos Santos D, Celestino A, Aquino J Jr, Leandro AS, Paz OLSD, Limont M, Bisetto A Jr, Shaw JJ, Yadon ZE, Salomon OD. Hidden danger: Unexpected scenario in the vector-parasite dynamics of leishmaniases in the Brazil side of triple border (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006336. [PMID: 29624586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year about 3 million tourists from around the world visit Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay´s triple border region where the Iguaçu Falls are located. Unfortunately, in recent years an increasing number of autochthonous canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases have been reported. The parasite is Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and it is transmitted by sand flies (Phlebotominae). To assess the risk factors favorable for the establishment and spread of potential vectors the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light trap (CDC-light trap) collections were made in the Foz do Iguaçu (FI) and Santa Terezinha de Itaipu (STI) townships and along two transects between them. Our study determined the Phlebotominae fauna, the factors that affect the presence and abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani, the presence of L. infantum in different sand fly species and which Leishmania species are present in this region. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the prevalent species and its distribution was related to the abundance of dogs. Leishmaniainfantum was found in Lu. longipalpis, Ny. whitmani, Ny. neivai and a Lutzomyia sp. All the results are discussed within the Stockholm Paradigm and focus on their importance in the elaboration of public health policies in international border areas. This region has all the properties of stable VL endemic foci that can serve as a source of the disease for neighboring municipalities, states and countries. Most of the urban areas of tropical America are propitious for Lu. longipalpis establishment and have large dog populations. Pan American Health Organization´s initiative in supporting the public health policies in the border areas of this study is crucial and laudable. However, if stakeholders do not act quickly in controlling VL in this region, the scenario will inevitable become worse. Moreover, L. (Viannia) braziliensis found in this study supports the need to develop public health policies to avoid the spread of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The consequences of socioeconomic attributes, boundaries and frontiers on the spread of diseases cannot be neglected. For an efficient control, it is essential that urban planning is articulated with the neighboring cities. Every year about 3 million tourists from around the world visit Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay´s triple border region where the Iguaçu Falls are located. Unfortunately, in recent years an increasing number of autochthonous canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases have been reported in this area. Our study determined the Phlebotominae fauna of the region, the factors that affect the presence and abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani; the presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in different sand fly species and what Leishmania species are present. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the prevalent species and its distribution was related to the abundance of dogs. Leishmania (L.) infantum was found in Lu. longipalpis, Ny. whitmani, Ny. neivai and Lutzomyia sp. All the results are discussed within the Stockholm Paradigm and focus on their importance in the elaboration of public health policies in international border areas.
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Galvis-Ovallos F, Casanova C, Pimentel Bergamaschi D, Bianchi Galati EA. A field study of the survival and dispersal pattern of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006333. [PMID: 29608563 PMCID: PMC5880336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic Visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is a neglected tropical disease that in the Americas is caused by the infection of Leishmania infantum and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the main parasite reservoir in urban areas. The parasite is mainly transmitted by populations of the sibling species Lutzomyia longipalpis that has been spreading in countries including Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and more recently Uruguay. Although bionomic parameters such as population survival and the duration of the gonotrophic cycle are critical in evaluating vector capacity, field studies have rarely been applied to sand fly populations. The present study sought to evaluate basic bionomic parameters related to the vectorial capacity of the (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B population of the Lu. longipalpis complex in a visceral leishmaniasis area of Sao Paulo state. The daily survival rate, the duration of the gonotrophic cycle and the dispersal pattern were evaluated through the mark- release-recapture method. A total of 1,547 males and 401 females were marked and released in five experiments carried out between February 2013 and February 2014. The higher recapture rates occurred within 100 meters of the release point and the estimated daily survival rates varied between 0.69 and 0.89 for females and between 0.69 and 0.79 for males. The minimum duration of the gonotrophic cycle observed was five days. The absolute population size, calculated ranged from 900 to 4,857 females and from 2,882 to 9,543 males. Our results demonstrate a high survival rate of this vector population and low dispersal that could be associated with the presence of all necessary conditions for its establishment and maintenance in the peridomiciles of this area. Our findings contribute to the basic data necessary for the understanding of ZVL dynamics and the evaluation of the implementation of prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Claudio Casanova
- Laboratório de Parasitoses por flagelados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo, Brasil
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Fernández MS, Fraschina J, Acardi S, Liotta DJ, Lestani E, Giuliani M, Busch M, Salomón OD. Assessment of the role of small mammals in the transmission cycle of tegumentary leishmaniasis and first report of natural infection with Leishmania braziliensis in two sigmodontines in northeastern Argentina. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:405-412. [PMID: 29264720 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To contribute to the knowledge of the role of small mammals in the transmission cycle of tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis, we studied the small mammal community and its temporal and spatial association with phlebotominae, as well as small mammal infection by Leishmania spp. by PCR-RFLP analyses in an endemic area of northeastern Argentina. Ten small mammal samplings were conducted (2007-2009, 7506 Sherman trap nights and 422 cage trap nights). In two of these samplings, 16 capture stations each one consisting of a CDC light trap to capture phlebotominae, two to four Sherman traps and two cage traps were placed. We found co-occurrence of phlebotominae and small mammal captures in four stations, which were all the stations with small mammal captures and yielded 97% (2295 specimens, including 21 gravid females) of the total phlebotominae captures, suggesting that small mammals may provide a potential source of blood for phlebotominae females. One Didelphis albiventris and two Rattus rattus were associated with high captures of Nyssomyia whitmani, vector of L. braziliensis in the study area. The PCR-RFLP analyses confirm the presence of L. braziliensis in two sigmodontine small mammals (Akodon sp. and Euryoryzomys russatus) for the first time in Argentina, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Fernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, 4° Piso, C1428EHA, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Argentinean Network for Research on Leishmaniasis, (REDILA), Puerto Iguazu, Argentina.
| | - Jimena Fraschina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, 4° Piso, C1428EHA, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soraya Acardi
- Argentinean Network for Research on Leishmaniasis, (REDILA), Puerto Iguazu, Argentina
| | - Domingo J Liotta
- Argentinean Network for Research on Leishmaniasis, (REDILA), Puerto Iguazu, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada (LaBiMAp) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Av. M Moreno, 1375, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Jujuy y Neuquén S/N, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Lestani
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Jujuy y Neuquén S/N, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Magalí Giuliani
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Jujuy y Neuquén S/N, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Busch
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, 4° Piso, C1428EHA, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Daniel Salomón
- Argentinean Network for Research on Leishmaniasis, (REDILA), Puerto Iguazu, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Jujuy y Neuquén S/N, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
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Nogueira PM, Guimarães AC, Assis RR, Sadlova J, Myskova J, Pruzinova K, Hlavackova J, Turco SJ, Torrecilhas AC, Volf P, Soares RP. Lipophosphoglycan polymorphisms do not affect Leishmania amazonensis development in the permissive vectors Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia longipalpis. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:608. [PMID: 29246180 PMCID: PMC5732482 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is a dominant surface molecule of Leishmania promastigotes. Its species-specific polymorphisms are found mainly in the sugars that branch off the conserved Gal(β1,4)Man(α1)-PO4 backbone of repeat units. Leishmania amazonensis is one of the most important species causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Here, we describe LPG intraspecific polymorphisms in two Le. amazonensis reference strains and their role during the development in three sand fly species. Results Strains isolated from Lutzomyia flaviscutellata (PH8) and from a human patient (Josefa) displayed structural polymorphism in the LPG repeat units, possessing side chains with 1 and 2 β-glucose or 1 to 3 β-galactose, respectively. Both strains successfully infected permissive vectors Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei and could colonize their stomodeal valve and differentiate into metacyclic forms. Despite bearing terminal galactose residues on LPG, Josefa could not sustain infection in the restrictive vector Phlebotomus papatasi. Conclusions LPG polymorphisms did not affect the ability of Le. amazonensis to develop late-stage infections in permissive vectors. However, the non-establishment of infection in Ph. papatasi by Josefa strain suggested other LPG-independent factors in this restrictive vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Nogueira
- Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Departamento de Parasitologia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael R Assis
- Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jovana Sadlova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Myskova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Pruzinova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hlavackova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Salvatore J Turco
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ana C Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Farmácia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Thomaz Soccol V, Pasquali AKS, Pozzolo EM, Leandro ADS, Chiyo L, Baggio RA, Michaliszyn MS, Silva C, Cubas PH, Peterlle R, Paz OLDS, Belmonte IL, Bisetto-Junior A. More than the eyes can see: The worrying scenario of canine leishmaniasis in the Brazilian side of the triple border. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189182. [PMID: 29232388 PMCID: PMC5726634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional epidemiological study in the extreme-west of the state of Paraná was carried out to access the prevalence, distribution, and risk variables of canine Visceral Leishmaniases (cVL). This study was conducted in three areas, two cities of far west of Parana state: Foz do Iguaçu (FI) and Santa Terezinha de Itaipu (STI), and along two transects between these two municipalities. To sample the entire urban area, the cities (FI and STI) were divided into a grid of squares of 400 m2 (patch). Among the 526 patches, 123 in FI, 40 in the transects and 33 in STI were selected according to the 'worst scenario' criterion. In the transect areas, in each 0.86 km five dogs from houses were surveyed to leishmaniasis. In each patch, blood of five dogs from houses (and from neighborhood when necessary) in the areas that seemed to be the most appropriate for the proliferation of vector were surveyed. The infection of the dogs by cVL were assessed using two serological tests were used (cELISA and TR-DPP®), and, for those seropositive for both methods, the PCR method were used. Moreover, dogs presenting clinical signs or cutaneous lesions were sampled to PCR. The identification of Leishmania species was confirmed using PCR-RFLP followed by DNA sequencing. Micro, meso and macro scale environmental variables were also surveyed and statistically analyzed. The prevalence rate Leishmania infantum was 23.8% in FI, 4.7% in STI and 9.1% in the transects areas. Among the extrinsic variables analysed, the number of vectors and the presence of infected dogs in neighbouring were positively correlated with the occurrence of infected dogs. Dog size was positively correlated with cVL infection, while the quality of the dog's nutrition affected cVL negatively. As for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the first registry of dogs infected with L. braziliensis in the region shows that there is potential for transmission in peri-urban areas, since environmental conditions allow the proliferation of vectors capable of transmitting this species of parasite. cVL is widely spread in FI, with high prevalence. This supports the hypothesis that the parasite has been present in the region for longer than previously believed, despite the fact that the presence of leishmaniais in the region has only been recognized recently. It is important to control the population of dogs infected with L. infantum (parasite and non-antibodies) to prevent the spread of the disease to other dogs and also to people in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- UFPR—Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Francisco H dos Santos, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline Kuhn Sbruzzi Pasquali
- UFPR—Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Francisco H dos Santos, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eliane Maria Pozzolo
- SESA- Secretary of Health of the State of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil and Ninth Health Region, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Chiyo
- Zoonosis Control Center—CCZ, Foz do Iguaçu Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Antunes Baggio
- UFPR—Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Francisco H dos Santos, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Silva
- Vigilância Sanitária, Santa Terezinha de Itaipu, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Peterlle
- UFPR- Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Otacilio Lopes de Souza Paz
- Laboratório de Análise de Padrões Espaciais e Cartografia Temática (LAPE-CT), Laboratório Pedagógico de Geografia (LABOGEO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivana Lucia Belmonte
- SESA- Secretary of Health of the State of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil and Ninth Health Region, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alceu Bisetto-Junior
- SESA- Secretary of Health of the State of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil and Ninth Health Region, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
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Zorrilla V, De Los Santos MB, Espada L, Santos RDP, Fernandez R, Urquia A, Stoops CA, Ballard SB, Lescano AG, Vásquez GM, Valdivia HO. Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006029. [PMID: 29107954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important health problem in the New World affecting civilian and military populations that are frequently exposed in endemic settings. The Peruvian region of Madre de Dios located near the border with Brazil is one of the most endemic CL regions in South America with more than 4,451 reported cases between 2010 and 2015 according to the Peruvian epidemiology directorate. However, little is known regarding the diversity and distribution of sand fly vectors in this region. In this study, we aimed to characterize the sand fly fauna in this endemic setting and identify sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania possibly involved in pathogen transmission. Methods Sand fly collections were carried out during 2014 and 2015 in the communities of Flor de Acre, Villa Primavera, Mavila and Arca Pacahuara using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. Collected specimens were identified and non-blood-fed females were selected for Leishmania infection screening using kinetoplastid DNA-PCR (kDNA-PCR) and nested Real time PCR for species identification. Results A total of 10,897 phlebotomines belonging to the genus Lutzomyia (58 species) and Brumptomyia (2 species) were collected. Our study confirmed the widespread distribution and abundance of Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) spp. (24%), Lu. whitmani (19.4%) and Lu. yucumensis (15.8%) in the region. Analysis of Shannon diversity index indicates variability in sand fly composition across sites with Villa Primavera presenting the highest sand fly diversity and abundance. Leishmania screening by kDNA-PCR resulted in 45 positive pools collected from Flor de Acre (34 pools), Mavila (10 pools) and Arca Pacahuara (1 pool) and included 14 species: Lu. yucumensis, Lu. aragoi, Lu. sallesi, Lu. sherlocki, Lu. shawi, Lu. walkeri, Lu nevesi, Lu. migonei, Lu. davisi, Lu. carrerai, Lu. hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., Lu. llanosmartinsi and Lu. whitmani. Lutzomyia sherlocki, Lu. walkeri and Lu. llanosmartinsi had the highest infection rates (8%, 7% and 6%, respectively). We identified Leishmania guyanensis in two Lu. whitmani pools, and L. braziliensis in two Lu. llanosmartinsi pools and one Lu. davisi pool. Conclusions Based on our collections there is high sand fly diversity in Madre de Dios, with differences in sand fly abundance and species composition across sites. We identified 14 sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania spp., having detected natural infection with L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in three sand fly species. These results suggest the presence of several potential vectors that vary in their spatial and geographical distribution, which could explain the high prevalence of CL cases in this region. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects more than 2 million people worldwide. The identification of putative Leishmania vectors is an important step towards the design of better control strategies and estimating the risk of transmission in endemic areas. In this paper the authors explored the distribution of sand flies and identified potential vectors in a largely unexplored setting in the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon Basin. Three new sand fly species Lutzomyia naiffi, Lu. dereuri and Lu. flabellata are reported for Peru. In addition, they found fourteen sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania that comprised seven new reports for Peru and one for the Americas. This information will serve as a baseline for future surveillance and intervention studies in this highly endemic area.
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Moya S, Giuliani M, Santini M, Quintana M, Salomón O, Liotta D. Leishmania infantum DNA detected in phlebotomine species from Puerto Iguazú City, Misiones province, Argentina. Acta Trop 2017; 172:122-124. [PMID: 28476601 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In Puerto Iguazú City, Argentina, human and canine Visceral Leishmaniasis cases have been recorded since the year 2010, with Leishmania infantum as the etiological agent and Lutzomyia longipalpis as its main vector. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to detect L. infantum DNA in 3.9% of the female sandflies captured in Puerto Iguazú City. This is the first report of L. infantum DNA detection in Micropygomyia quinquefer, and the second one in Lu. longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani for Argentina. Although the detection of Leishmania DNA itself is not enough to determine a Phlebotomine species as a vector, these results are significant in setting the direction of further investigations of vectorial competence and capacity, necessary to define the roles of different sandflies species as specific or permissive vectors in the transmission VL cycle.
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