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Geron M, Tassou A, Berg DJ, Shuster A, Liu-Chen LY, Scherrer G. The Functional Organization Of The Opioid System In Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. The Journal of Pain 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Cushing CM, Petronek MS, Bodeker KL, Vollstedt S, Brown HA, Opat E, Hollenbeck NJ, Shanks T, Berg DJ, Smith BJ, Smith MC, Monga V, Furqan M, Howard MA, Greenlee JD, Mapuskar KA, St-Aubin J, Flynn RT, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR, Spitz DR, Buatti JM, Allen BG, Magnotta VA. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pharmacological ascorbate-induced iron redox state as a biomarker in subjects undergoing radio-chemotherapy. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101804. [PMID: 33260088 PMCID: PMC7708874 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-) combined with standard of care (SOC) radiation and temozolomide is being evaluated in a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT02344355) in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Previously published data demonstrated that paramagnetic iron (Fe3+) catalyzes ascorbate's oxidation to form diamagnetic iron (Fe2+). Because paramagnetic Fe3+ may influence relaxation times observed in MR imaging, quantitative MR imaging of P-AscH--induced changes in redox-active Fe was assessed as a biomarker for therapy response. Gel phantoms containing either Fe3+ or Fe2+ were imaged with T2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Fifteen subjects receiving P-AscH- plus SOC underwent T2* and QSM imaging four weeks into treatment. Subjects were scanned: pre-P-AscH- infusion, post-P-AscH- infusion, and post-radiation (3-4 h between scans). Changes in T2* and QSM relaxation times in tumor and normal tissue were calculated and compared to changes in Fe3+ and Fe2+ gel phantoms. A GBM mouse model was used to study the relationship between the imaging findings and the labile iron pool. Phantoms containing Fe3+ demonstrated detectable changes in T2* and QSM relaxation times relative to Fe2+ phantoms. Compared to pre-P-AscH-, GBM T2* and QSM imaging were significantly changed post-P-AscH- infusion consistent with conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+. No significant changes in T2* or QSM were observed in normal brain tissue. There was moderate concordance between T2* and QSM changes in both progression free survival and overall survival. The GBM mouse model showed similar results with P-AscH- inducing greater changes in tumor labile iron pools compared to the normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: T2* and QSM MR-imaging responses are consistent with P-AscH- reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+, selectively in GBM tumor volumes and represent a potential biomarker of response. This study is the first application using MR imaging in humans to measure P-AscH--induced changes in redox-active iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M Cushing
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Michael S Petronek
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Kellie L Bodeker
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Sandy Vollstedt
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Heather A Brown
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Emyleigh Opat
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Nancy J Hollenbeck
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Thomas Shanks
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark C Smith
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Greenlee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Joel St-Aubin
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Ryan T Flynn
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - John M Buatti
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA.
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA.
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Seyedin SN, Gannon MK, Plichta KA, Abushahin L, Berg DJ, Arshava EV, Parekh KR, Keech JC, Caster JM, Welsh JW, Allen BG. Safety and Efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Locoregional Recurrences After Prior Chemoradiation for Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1311. [PMID: 32850412 PMCID: PMC7412633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as salvage therapy for locally recurrent esophageal cancer. We hypothesized that SBRT would provide durable treated tumor control with minimal associated toxicity in patients with progressive disease after definitive radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical resection. Methods: This single-institution retrospective study assessed outcomes in patients who received SBRT for locoregional failure of esophageal cancer after initial curative-intent treatment. Only patients who had received neoadjuvant chemoradiation (≥41.4 Gy) for esophageal cancer were selected. Subsequent surgical resection was optional but institutional follow-up by an oncologist was required. The primary endpoints of this study were gastrointestinal and constitutional toxicity, scored with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. A secondary outcome, treated-tumor control, was assessed with RECIST v1.1. Results: Nine patients (11 locoregional recurrences) treated with SBRT were reviewed, with a median follow-up time of 10.5 months. Most patients initially presented with T3 (88.9%), N1 (55.6%), moderately differentiated (66.7%) adenocarcinoma (88.9%), and had received a median 50.4 Gy delivered over 28 fractions with concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. Median time to recurrence was 16.3 months. Median total dose delivered by SBRT was 27.5 Gy (delivered in five fractions). Two patients experienced acute grade 1 fatigue and vomiting. No patient experienced grade 3 or higher toxicity. One patient experienced failure in the SBRT treatment field at 5.8 months after treatment and six patients developed distant failure. The median progression-free survival time for SBRT-treated tumors was 5.0 months, and median overall survival time was 12.9 months. Conclusions: This single-institution study demonstrated the feasibility of SBRT for locoregional recurrence of esophageal cancer with minimal treatment-related toxicity and high rates of treated tumor control. Prospective studies identifying ideal salvage SBRT candidates for locoregional failure as well as validating its safety are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Seyedin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
| | | | - Kristin A. Plichta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Laith Abushahin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Berg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Evgeny V. Arshava
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - John C. Keech
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Joseph M. Caster
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - James W. Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
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Maliske S, Chau J, Ginader T, Byrn J, Bhatia S, Bellizzi A, Berg DJ, Monga V. Timing of surgery following neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer: a retrospective analysis from an academic medical center. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:597-604. [PMID: 31392039 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2019.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been shown to achieve decreased local recurrence (LR) with lower toxicity in rectal cancer patients, but data confirming the optimal timing of surgery following this therapy is less robust. Methods The University of Iowa Cancer Registry was queried to identify all patients with stages II-III rectal cancer who received nCRT and surgery from 2000 through 2012. Primary endpoints were time interval to surgery (TI), and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included pathologic outcomes, perioperative morbidities and postoperative complications. Patient characteristics and treatment regimens were compared. Univariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the association between TI and OS. Associations of TI with secondary endpoints were tested using Chi-square tests of association. Results Eighty-seven patients presented with stages II-III rectal cancer. Mean TI was 9.92 weeks. There was no significant association between TI and OS when comparing <8 to ≥8 weeks (P=0.23) or when considering the interval as a continuous variable (P=0.85). Increased LOS [median 7.00 days, P=0.05, HR 1.03 (1.00-1.06)] did correlate with worse survival outcomes. Delaying surgery beyond 8 weeks was associated with increased risk for wound infection (P=0.05). Conclusions OS was not influenced by longer intervals between nCRT and surgery. Delaying surgery beyond 8 weeks was associated with increased risk for wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Maliske
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Justin Chau
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy Ginader
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Byrn
- Division of General Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sudershan Bhatia
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew Bellizzi
- Division of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Stoeber et al. (2018) report a biosensor resolving the spatiotemporal organization of opioid receptor activation in living neurons. They delineate novel signaling mechanisms in endosomes and Golgi differentially engaged by opioid peptides and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation - Robertson Investigator, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Alexander MS, Wilkes JG, Schroeder SR, Buettner GR, Wagner BA, Du J, Gibson-Corley K, O'Leary BR, Spitz DR, Buatti JM, Berg DJ, Bodeker KL, Vollstedt S, Brown HA, Allen BG, Cullen JJ. Pharmacologic Ascorbate Reduces Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Toxicity and Enhances Tumor Radiosensitization in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6838-6851. [PMID: 30254147 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
: Chemoradiation therapy is the mainstay for treatment of locally advanced, borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH-, i.e., intravenous infusions of ascorbic acid, vitamin C), but not oral ascorbate, produces high plasma concentrations capable of selective cytotoxicity to tumor cells. In doses achievable in humans, P-AscH- decreases the viability and proliferative capacity of pancreatic cancer via a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that P-AscH- radiosensitizes pancreatic cancer cells but inhibits radiation-induced damage to normal cells. Specifically, radiation-induced decreases in clonogenic survival and double-stranded DNA breaks in tumor cells, but not in normal cells, were enhanced by P-AscH-, while radiation-induced intestinal damage, collagen deposition, and oxidative stress were also reduced with P-AscH- in normal tissue. We also report on our first-in-human phase I trial that infused P-AscH- during the radiotherapy "beam on." Specifically, treatment with P-AscH- increased median overall survival compared with our institutional average (21.7 vs. 12.7 months, P = 0.08) and the E4201 trial (21.7 vs. 11.1 months). Progression-free survival in P-AscH--treated subjects was also greater than our institutional average (13.7 vs. 4.6 months, P < 0.05) and the E4201 trial (6.0 months). Results indicated that P-AscH- in combination with gemcitabine and radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma is safe and well tolerated with suggestions of efficacy. Because of the potential effect size and minimal toxicity, our findings suggest that investigation of P-AscH- efficacy is warranted in a phase II clinical trial. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that pharmacologic ascorbate enhances pancreatic tumor cell radiation cytotoxicity in addition to offering potential protection from radiation damage in normal surrounding tissue, making it an optimal agent for improving treatment of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Justin G Wilkes
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samuel R Schroeder
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Katherine Gibson-Corley
- The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brianne R O'Leary
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John M Buatti
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel J Berg
- The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kellie L Bodeker
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sandy Vollstedt
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Heather A Brown
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa. .,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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Brandt KE, Falls KC, Schoenfeld JD, Rodman SN, Gu Z, Zhan F, Cullen JJ, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Allen BG, Berg DJ, Spitz DR, Fath MA. Corrigendum to: Augmentation of intracellular iron using iron sucrose enhances the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate in colon cancer cells [Redox Biol. (2018) 82-87]. Redox Biol 2018; 28:100935. [PMID: 29891355 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Brandt
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kelly C Falls
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Joshua D Schoenfeld
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Samuel N Rodman
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Melissa A Fath
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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O'Leary BR, Houwen FK, Johnson CL, Allen BG, Mezhir JJ, Berg DJ, Cullen JJ, Spitz DR. Pharmacological Ascorbate as an Adjuvant for Enhancing Radiation-Chemotherapy Responses in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Radiat Res 2018; 189:456-465. [PMID: 29547353 DOI: 10.1667/rr14978.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma most often presents at an advanced stage and overall five-year survival of ∼30%. Pharmacological ascorbate (high-dose IV ascorbate) has been proposed as a promising nontoxic adjuvant to standard radio-chemotherapies in several cancer types. In the current study, pharmacological ascorbate (0.5-2 m M) caused a dose-dependent decrease (70-85% at 2 m M) in clonogenic survival of gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS and MNK-45), but was relatively nontoxic to a small intestinal epithelial nonimmortalized human cell isolate (FHs 74 Int). The addition of pharmacological ascorbate (1 m M) to standard radio-chemotherapies [i.e., 5-FU (5 μ M); cisplatin (0.5 μ M); irinotecan (2.5 μ M); carboplatin (5 μ M); paclitaxel (2-4 n M); and X rays (1.8 Gy)] also potentiated gastric cancer clonogenic cell killing [additional decreases were noted with: ascorbate plus 5-FU/radiation (1%); ascorbate plus cisplatin/irinotecan (9-19%); and ascorbate plus paclitaxel/carboplatin (6-7%)]. The gastric cancer cell toxicity and chemosensitization seen with pharmacological ascorbate was dependent on H2O2 and the presence of catalytic metal ions. In addition, pharmacological ascorbate dosing resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease (64% at 20 m M, P ≤ 0.0001) in cancer cell invasion and migration that was inhibited by catalase. Finally, pharmacological ascorbate significantly increased the overall survival of mice with gastric cancer xenografts when used in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin and radiation ( P = 0.019). These results demonstrate that pharmacological ascorbate is selectively cytotoxic to gastric adenocarcinoma cells (relative to normal intestinal epithelial cells) by a mechanism involving H2O2 and redox active metal ions. Furthermore, pharmacological ascorbate significantly enhances gastric cancer xenograft responses to radio-chemotherapy as well as inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasiveness. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that pharmacological ascorbate can be used as an adjuvant with standard-of-care radio-chemotherapies for the treatment of gastric adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Berg
- c Internal Medicine, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Departments of a Surgery.,b Radiation Oncology.,d The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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9
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Barry JT, Berg DJ, Tyler DR. Radical Cage Effects: The Prediction of Radical Cage Pair Recombination Efficiencies Using Microviscosity Across a Range of Solvent Types. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14399-14405. [PMID: 28931277 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a method for correlating the radical recombination efficiencies (FcP) of geminate radical cage pairs to the properties of the solvent. Although bulk viscosity (macroviscosity) is typically used to predict or interpret radical recombination efficiencies, the work reported here shows that microviscosity is a much better parameter. The use of microviscosity is valid over a range of different solvent system types, including nonpolar, aromatic, polar, and hydrogen bonding solvents. In addition, the relationship of FcP to microviscosity holds for solvent systems containing mixtures of these solvent types. The microviscosities of the solvent systems were straightforwardly determined by measuring the diffusion coefficient of an appropriate probe by NMR DOSY spectroscopy. By using solvent mixtures, selective solvation was shown to not affect the correlation between FcP and microviscosity. In addition, neither solvent polarity nor radical rotation affects the correlation between FcP and the microviscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Barry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon , 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon , 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - David R Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon , 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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Brandt KE, Falls KC, Schoenfeld JD, Rodman SN, Gu Z, Zhan F, Cullen JJ, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Allen BG, Berg DJ, Spitz DR, Fath MA. Augmentation of intracellular iron using iron sucrose enhances the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate in colon cancer cells. Redox Biol 2017; 14:82-87. [PMID: 28886484 PMCID: PMC5591450 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological doses (> 1 mM) of ascorbate (a.k.a., vitamin C) have been shown to selectively kill cancer cells through a mechanism that is dependent on the generation of H2O2 at doses that are safely achievable in humans using intravenous administration. The process by which ascorbate oxidizes to form H2O2 is thought to be mediated catalytically by redox active metal ions such as iron (Fe). Because intravenous iron sucrose is often administered to colon cancer patients to help mitigate anemia, the current study assessed the ability of pharmacological ascorbate to kill colon cancer cells in the presence and absence of iron sucrose. In vitro survival assays showed that 10 mM ascorbate exposure (2 h) clonogenically inactivated 40–80% of exponentially growing colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT29). When the H2O2 scavenging enzyme, catalase, was added to the media, or conditionally over-expressed using a doxycycline inducible vector, the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate was significantly blunted. When colon cancer cells were treated in the presence or absence of 250 µM iron sucrose, then rinsed, and treated with 10 mM ascorbate, the cells demonstrated increased levels of labile iron that resulted in significantly increased clonogenic cell killing, compared to pharmacological ascorbate alone. Interestingly, when colon cancer cells were treated with iron sucrose for 1 h and then 10 mM ascorbate was added to the media in the continued presence of iron sucrose, there was no enhancement of toxicity despite similar increases in intracellular labile iron. The combination of iron chelators, deferoxamine and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, significantly inhibited the toxicity of either ascorbate alone or ascorbate following iron sucrose. These observations support the hypothesis that increasing intracellular labile iron pools, using iron sucrose, can be used to increase the toxicity of pharmacological ascorbate in human colon cancer cells by a mechanism involving increased generation of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Brandt
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kelly C Falls
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Joshua D Schoenfeld
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Samuel N Rodman
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Melissa A Fath
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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Schoenfeld JD, Sibenaller ZA, Mapuskar KA, Wagner BA, Cramer-Morales KL, Furqan M, Sandhu S, Carlisle TL, Smith MC, Abu Hejleh T, Berg DJ, Zhang J, Keech J, Parekh KR, Bhatia S, Monga V, Bodeker KL, Ahmann L, Vollstedt S, Brown H, Kauffman EPS, Schall ME, Hohl RJ, Clamon GH, Greenlee JD, Howard MA, Schultz MK, Smith BJ, Riley DP, Domann FE, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR, Buatti JM, Spitz DR, Allen BG. O 2⋅- and H 2O 2-Mediated Disruption of Fe Metabolism Causes the Differential Susceptibility of NSCLC and GBM Cancer Cells to Pharmacological Ascorbate. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:268. [PMID: 28810149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Zahra A, Fath MA, Opat E, Mapuskar KA, Bhatia SK, Ma DC, Rodman SN, Snyders TP, Chenard CA, Eichenberger-Gilmore JM, Bodeker KL, Ahmann L, Smith BJ, Vollstedt SA, Brown HA, Hejleh TA, Clamon GH, Berg DJ, Szweda LI, Spitz DR, Buatti JM, Allen BG. Consuming a Ketogenic Diet while Receiving Radiation and Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Lung Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer: The University of Iowa Experience of Two Phase 1 Clinical Trials. Radiat Res 2017; 187:743-754. [PMID: 28437190 DOI: 10.1667/rr14668.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets are low in carbohydrates and high in fat, which forces cells to rely more heavily upon mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids for energy. Relative to normal cells, cancer cells are believed to exist under a condition of chronic mitochondrial oxidative stress that is compensated for by increases in glucose metabolism to generate reducing equivalents. In this study we tested the hypothesis that a ketogenic diet concurrent with radiation and chemotherapy would be clinically tolerable in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer and could potentially exploit cancer cell oxidative metabolism to improve therapeutic outcomes. Mice bearing MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer xenografts were fed either a ketogenic diet or standard rodent chow, treated with conventionally fractionated radiation (2 Gy/fraction), and tumor growth rates were assessed daily. Tumors were assessed for immunoreactive 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-(4HNE)-modfied proteins as a marker of oxidative stress. Based on this and another previously published preclinical study, phase 1 clinical trials in locally advanced NSCLC and pancreatic cancer were initiated, combining standard radiation and chemotherapy with a ketogenic diet for six weeks (NSCLC) or five weeks (pancreatic cancer). The xenograft experiments demonstrated prolonged survival and increased 4HNE-modfied proteins in animals consuming a ketogenic diet combined with radiation compared to radiation alone. In the phase 1 clinical trial, over a period of three years, seven NSCLC patients enrolled in the study. Of these, four were unable to comply with the diet and withdrew, two completed the study and one was withdrawn due to a dose-limiting toxicity. Over the same time period, two pancreatic cancer patients enrolled in the trial. Of these, one completed the study and the other was withdrawn due to a dose-limiting toxicity. The preclinical experiments demonstrate that a ketogenic diet increases radiation sensitivity in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model. However, patients with locally advanced NSCLC and pancreatic cancer receiving concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy had suboptimal compliance to the oral ketogenic diet and thus, poor tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zahra
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Melissa A Fath
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Emyleigh Opat
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sudershan K Bhatia
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Daniel C Ma
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Samuel N Rodman
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Travis P Snyders
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Catherine A Chenard
- b Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | | | - Kellie L Bodeker
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Logan Ahmann
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Brian J Smith
- d Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sandy A Vollstedt
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Heather A Brown
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Taher Abu Hejleh
- e Division of Hematology and Oncology in the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Gerald H Clamon
- e Division of Hematology and Oncology in the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Daniel J Berg
- e Division of Hematology and Oncology in the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Luke I Szweda
- f Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - John M Buatti
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Bryan G Allen
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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13
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Schoenfeld JD, Sibenaller ZA, Mapuskar KA, Wagner BA, Cramer-Morales KL, Furqan M, Sandhu S, Carlisle TL, Smith MC, Abu Hejleh T, Berg DJ, Zhang J, Keech J, Parekh KR, Bhatia S, Monga V, Bodeker KL, Ahmann L, Vollstedt S, Brown H, Shanahan Kauffman EP, Schall ME, Hohl RJ, Clamon GH, Greenlee JD, Howard MA, Schultz MK, Smith BJ, Riley DP, Domann FE, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR, Buatti JM, Spitz DR, Allen BG. O 2⋅- and H 2O 2-Mediated Disruption of Fe Metabolism Causes the Differential Susceptibility of NSCLC and GBM Cancer Cells to Pharmacological Ascorbate. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:487-500.e8. [PMID: 28366679 PMCID: PMC5497844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate has been proposed as a potential anti-cancer agent when combined with radiation and chemotherapy. The anti-cancer effects of ascorbate are hypothesized to involve the autoxidation of ascorbate leading to increased steady-state levels of H2O2; however, the mechanism(s) for cancer cell-selective toxicity remain unknown. The current study shows that alterations in cancer cell mitochondrial oxidative metabolism resulting in increased levels of O2⋅- and H2O2 are capable of disrupting intracellular iron metabolism, thereby selectively sensitizing non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and glioblastoma (GBM) cells to ascorbate through pro-oxidant chemistry involving redox-active labile iron and H2O2. In addition, preclinical studies and clinical trials demonstrate the feasibility, selective toxicity, tolerability, and potential efficacy of pharmacological ascorbate in GBM and NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Schoenfeld
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zita A Sibenaller
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kimberly L Cramer-Morales
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sonia Sandhu
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas L Carlisle
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark C Smith
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Taher Abu Hejleh
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John Keech
- Department of Surgery, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department of Surgery, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sudershan Bhatia
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kellie L Bodeker
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Logan Ahmann
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sandy Vollstedt
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Heather Brown
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Erin P Shanahan Kauffman
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mary E Schall
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ray J Hohl
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gerald H Clamon
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeremy D Greenlee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Department of Radiology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Departmet of Biostatistics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Frederick E Domann
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John M Buatti
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Barry JT, Berg DJ, Tyler DR. Radical Cage Effects: Comparison of Solvent Bulk Viscosity and Microviscosity in Predicting the Recombination Efficiencies of Radical Cage Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9389-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. Barry
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Daniel J. Berg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - David R. Tyler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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Inoue K, Monroe EM, Elderkin CL, Berg DJ. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses reveal Pleistocene isolation followed by high gene flow in a wide ranging, but endangered, freshwater mussel. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 112:282-90. [PMID: 24149656 PMCID: PMC3931176 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater organisms of North America have had their contemporary genetic structure shaped by vicariant events, especially Pleistocene glaciations. Life history traits promoting dispersal and gene flow continue to shape population genetic structure. Cumberlandia monodonta, a widespread but imperiled (IUCN listed as endangered) freshwater mussel, was examined to determine genetic diversity and population genetic structure throughout its range. Mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite loci were used to measure genetic diversity and simulate demographic events during the Pleistocene using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to test explicit hypotheses explaining the evolutionary history of current populations. A phylogeny and molecular clock suggested past isolation created two mtDNA lineages during the Pleistocene that are now widespread. Two distinct groups were also detected with microsatellites. ABC simulations indicated the presence of two glacial refugia and post-glacial admixture of them followed by simultaneous dispersal throughout the current range of the species. The Ouachita population is distinct from others and has the lowest genetic diversity, indicating that this is a peripheral population of the species. Gene flow within this species has maintained high levels of genetic diversity in most populations; however, all populations have experienced fragmentation. Extirpation from the center of its range likely has isolated remaining populations due to the geographic distances among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inoue
- Department of Biology, Miami
University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - E M Monroe
- Department of Biology, Miami
University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - C L Elderkin
- Department of Biology, Miami
University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Biology, The College of New
Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - D J Berg
- Department of Biology, Miami
University, Hamilton, OH, USA
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Welsh JL, Wagner BA, van't Erve TJ, Zehr PS, Berg DJ, Halfdanarson TR, Yee NS, Bodeker KL, Du J, Roberts LJ, Drisko J, Levine M, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Pharmacological ascorbate with gemcitabine for the control of metastatic and node-positive pancreatic cancer (PACMAN): results from a phase I clinical trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:765-75. [PMID: 23381814 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment for pancreatic cancer with pharmacological ascorbate (ascorbic acid, vitamin C) decreases tumor progression in preclinical models. A phase I clinical trial was performed to establish safety and tolerability of pharmacological ascorbate combined with gemcitabine in patients with biopsy-proven stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma. DESIGN Nine subjects received twice-weekly intravenous ascorbate (15-125 g) employing Simon's accelerated titration design to achieve a targeted post-infusion plasma level of ≥350 mg/dL (≥20 mM). Subjects received concurrent gemcitabine. Disease burden, weight, performance status, hematologic and metabolic laboratories, time to progression and overall survival were monitored. RESULTS Mean plasma ascorbate trough levels were significantly higher than baseline (1.46 ± 0.02 vs. 0.78 ± 0.09 mg/dL, i.e., 83 vs. 44 μM, p < 0.001). Adverse events attributable to the drug combination were rare and included diarrhea (n = 4) and dry mouth (n = 6). Dose-limiting criteria were not met for this study. Mean survival of subjects completing at least two cycles (8 weeks) of therapy was 13 ± 2 months. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest pharmacologic ascorbate administered concurrently with gemcitabine is well tolerated. Initial data from this small sampling suggest some efficacy. Further studies powered to determine efficacy should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Welsh
- Department of Surgery, 1528 JCP-UIHC, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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17
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Abu Hejleh T, Deyoung BR, Engelman E, Deutsch JM, Zimmerman B, Halfdanarson TR, Berg DJ, Parekh KR, Lynch WR, Iannettoni MD, Bhatia S, Clamon G. Relationship between HER-2 overexpression and brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2012; 4:103-8. [PMID: 22645633 PMCID: PMC3360103 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v4.i5.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010. Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables. The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test®.
RESULTS: One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed. Median age was 64 years (36-86 years). Eighty eight patients (62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17 (19%) and 71 (81%) patients. Cancer relapsed in 43/142 (30%) patients. The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients (21%, 95% CI: 10%-36%). HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9 (56%) cases overexpressed HER-2 (3+ staining).
CONCLUSION: HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy. Further studies will be required to validate this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Abu Hejleh
- Taher Abu Hejleh, Eric Engelman, Jeremy M Deutsch, Thorvardur R Halfdanarson, Daniel J Berg, Gerald Clamon, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, C32 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081, United States
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18
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Narushima S, DiMeo D, Tian J, Zhang J, Liu D, Berg DJ. 5-Lipoxygenase-derived lipid mediators are not required for the development of NSAID-induced inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10-/- mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G477-88. [PMID: 18048478 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00229.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are potent lipid mediators derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Elevated levels of the proinflammatory leukotriene LTB(4) have been found in preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as in colon tissue from individuals with IBD. We therefore determined the extent to which absence of 5-LO-derived lipid mediators would alter the colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice, a model of human IBD. IL-10(-/-)/5-LO(-/-) mice were generated and were healthy. Absence of 5-LO did not alter the development of spontaneous colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. We then evaluated the extent to which absence of 5-LO would alter the development of NSAID-induced colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice. Absence of 5-LO did not delay the onset or alter the severity of inflammation in NSAID-treated IL-10(-/-) mice. At an early time point, 3 days after NSAID treatment was initiated, a qualitative increase in the number of dendritic cells and CD4(+) T cells was noted in the colons of IL-10(-/-)/5-LO(-/-); however, this difference was no longer present after 14 days of NSAID treatment. Absence of 5-LO did not alter the degree of neutrophil infiltration into the in this model. Absence of 5-LO does not alter the development of IFN-gamma producing Th1-type CD4(+) T cells or IL-17 producing CD4(+) T cells. Absence of 5-LO-derived mediators did not alter the expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin. Development of colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice was associated with increased levels of the 5-LO-derived anti-inflammatory lipoxin LXA(4). These studies demonstrate that 5-LO-derived leukotrienes are not required for the development or maintenance of spontaneous or NSAID-induced colonic inflammation in IL-10(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Narushima
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Abstract
Eicosanoids (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) are important mediators of inflammatory responses. These lipid mediators may also regulate the production of peptide mediators of the immune system. In this study, we investigated the effect of the absence of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)-derived leukotrienes on interleukin (IL)-10 production. IL-10 is a key regulator of immune and inflammatory responses, and previous studies have suggested that prostaglandins effect their immunosuppressive functions in part by stimulation of IL-10 production. We therefore investigated whether leukotriene production would have a similar role in regulation of IL-10 production. We have made the striking observation that absence of 5-LO-derived leukotrienes results in increased IL-10 production with a concomitant decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-12. Moreover, T-cell cytokine production in the absence of 5-LO-derived leukotrienes results in increased IL-4 production and decreased interferon (IFN)-gamma production. This may be in part secondary to increased IL-10 production and its effects on dendritic cell function resulting in altered T-cell differentiation. These findings indicate that, in addition to the central role leukotrienes play in the acute inflammatory response, endogenous leukotrienes are also important regulators of inflammatory cytokine production, via regulation of IL-10 production and in vivo differentiation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DiMeo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Zhao J, de Vera J, Narushima S, Beck EX, Palencia S, Shinkawa P, Kim KA, Liu Y, Levy MD, Berg DJ, Abo A, Funk WD. R-spondin1, a novel intestinotrophic mitogen, ameliorates experimental colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:1331-43. [PMID: 17408649 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS R-spondin 1 (Rspo1) is a novel epithelial mitogen that stimulates the growth of mucosa in both the small and large intestine. METHODS We investigated the therapeutic potential of Rspo1 in ameliorating experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced colitis in interleukin (IL)-10-deficient mice. RESULTS Therapeutic administration of recombinant Rspo1 protein reduced the loss of body weight, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding in a mouse model of acute or chronic DSS-induced colitis. Histologic evaluation revealed that Rspo1 improved mucosal integrity in both villus and/or crypt compartments in the small intestine and colon by stimulating crypt cell growth and mucosal regeneration in DSS-treated mice. Moreover, Rspo1 significantly reduced DSS-induced myeloperoxidase activity and inhibited the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, in mouse intestinal tissue, indicating that Rspo1 may reduce DSS-induced inflammation by preserving the mucosal barrier function. Likewise, Rspo1 therapy also alleviated TNBS-induced interstitial inflammation and mucosal erosion in the mouse colon. Furthermore, Rspo1 substantially decreased the histopathologic severity of chronic enterocolitis by repairing crypt epithelium and simultaneously suppressing inflammatory infiltration in piroxicam-exposed IL-10(-/-) mice. Endogenous Rspo1 protein was localized to villus epithelium and crypt Paneth cells in mouse small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Rspo1 may be clinically useful in the therapeutic treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by stimulating crypt cell growth, accelerating mucosal regeneration, and restoring intestinal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhao
- Department of Research, Nuvelo, Inc, San Carlos, California, USA.
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21
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Kernstine KH, Greensmith JE, Johlin FC, Funk GF, De Armond DT, Van Natta TL, Berg DJ. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of hemorrhagic radiation-induced gastritis after esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 80:1115-7. [PMID: 16122506 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Revised: 02/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
My colleagues and I present 2 cases of hemorrhagic postesophagectomy gastritis after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. On the basis of the location of the gastritis (lesser curve and midstomach) and the classic radiation injury appearance, radiation damage was believed to be the cause. In both patients, hyperbaric oxygen therapy rapidly arrested bleeding. This is the first description in which hyperbaric oxygen therapy was used to treat hemorrhagic postesophagectomy gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemp H Kernstine
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1009, USA.
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Blum AM, Metwali A, Elliott DE, Berg DJ, Weinstock JV. CD4+ T cells from IL-10-deficient mice transfer susceptibility to NSAID-induced Rag colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 287:G320-5. [PMID: 15246967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00527.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Products of arachidonic acid metabolism are important for mucosal homeostasis, because blockade of this pathway with an NSAID triggers rapid onset of severe colitis in the IL-10 knockout (IL-10(-/-)) model of IBD. Rag mice do not make T or B cells. This study determined whether reconstitution of Rag mice with T cells from IL-10(-/-) mice transferred NSAID colitis susceptibility. Rag mice were reconstituted by intraperitoneal injection with splenocytes from wild-type (WT) or IL-10(-/-) animals. Colitis was induced by using piroxicam and was graded histologically. Isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC), lamina propria T cells, and LPMC depleted of T cells from reconstituted Rag mice were studied for cytokine production. Only animals reconstituted with IL-10(-/-) CD4(+) T cells and administered piroxicam developed severe colitis. LPMC from these colitic animals made IFN-gamma, whose production was dependent on T cells. Some IL-10 was produced but only from non-T cells. LPMC from the healthy Rag mice that were reconstituted with WT T cells and were piroxicam resistant made much more IL-10. This was mostly T cell dependent. In conclusion, only CD4(+) T cells from IL-10(-/-) animals leave Rag mice susceptible to NSAID-induced, Th1 colitis. Lamina propria T cells normally make large quantities of IL-10, suggesting that IL-10 from T cells may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Blum
- Division of Gastroenterology (4607 JCP Univ. of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242-1009, USA
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Ismail HF, Zhang J, Lynch RG, Wang Y, Berg DJ. Role for complement in development of Helicobacter-induced gastritis in interleukin-10-deficient mice. Infect Immun 2003; 71:7140-8. [PMID: 14638805 PMCID: PMC308887 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.12.7140-7148.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2003] [Revised: 05/07/2003] [Accepted: 08/11/2003] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the immune response can eradicate gastric Helicobacter infection are unknown. We hypothesized that Helicobacter-induced activation of the complement system could promote both inflammation and eradication of Helicobacter from the stomach. In vitro studies demonstrated that Helicobacter felis activates complement in normal mouse serum but not in serum from Rag2(-/-) mice, indicating that H. felis activates complement through the classical pathway. Next, we infected complement-depleted wild-type control and interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice with H. felis. Helicobacter infection of wild-type mice elicited a mild, focal gastritis and did not alter serum complement levels. Infection of IL-10(-/-) mice with H. felis elicited severe gastritis. After the initial colonization, the IL-10(-/-) mice completely cleared Helicobacter from the stomach by day 8. In contrast to wild-type mice, H. felis-infected IL-10(-/-) mice had a marked increase in serum complement levels. Complement depletion of wild-type mice did not affect the intensity of gastric inflammation or the extent of Helicobacter colonization compared to that for the wild-type control mice. In contrast, complement depletion of Helicobacter-infected IL-10(-/-) mice decreased the severity of gastritis, decreased the Helicobacter-induced infiltration of neutrophils into the stomach, and delayed the clearance of bacteria. In vitro studies of stimulated splenocytes and neutrophils from IL-10(-/-) mice produced a twofold increase in complement production compared to that for wild-type mice. Pretreatment with IL-10 inhibited this increase. These studies identify a role for complement in the local immune response to gastric Helicobacter in IL-10(-/-) mice and suggest a role for IL-10 in the regulation of complement production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan F Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Narushima S, Spitz DR, Oberley LW, Toyokuni S, Miyata T, Gunnett CA, Buettner GR, Zhang J, Ismail H, Lynch RG, Berg DJ. Evidence for oxidative stress in NSAID-induced colitis in IL10-/- mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34:1153-66. [PMID: 12706496 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate for evidence of oxidative stress in colonic inflammation in a novel model of inflammatory bowel disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug- (NSAID-) treated interleukin-10-deficient (IL10(-/-)) mice. IL10(-/-) and wild-type (wt) mice were treated with a nonselective NSAID (piroxicam, 200 ppm in the diet) for 2 weeks to induce colitis, and parameters for oxidative stress in the colonic tissues were evaluated. Mean chemiluminescence enhanced with lucigenin in the colons from IL10(-/-) mice treated with piroxicam was more than 5-fold higher than that of the control wt group. Chemiluminescence was inhibited with diphenylethylene iodinium, but not allopurinol, indomethacin, or N-omega-nitro-L-arginine, indicating that flavin-containing enzymes were the source of the reactive oxygen species. Colonic aconitase activity in NSAID-treated IL10(-/-) mice decreased to 50% of the activity of control mice. There was no difference in the total glutathione levels in the colonic mucosa among the groups; however, glutathione disulfide levels were approximately 2-fold greater in the colon of NSAID-treated IL10(-/-) mice as compared with control groups. Immunohistochemistry studies of colons from NSAID-treated IL10(-/-) mice demonstrated intense staining with two antibodies that recognize advanced glycation endproducts formed through glycation and oxidation: anticarboxymethylysine and antipentosidine. The epithelial cells and lamina propria cells in the colons of NSAID-treated IL10(-/-) mice showed immunostaining with antinitrotyrosine, indicating the presence of reactive nitrogen species. Colonic epithelium of IL10(-/-) mice with colitis showed moderate immunostaining for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the nuclei. NSAID-treated IL10(-/-) mice treated with diphenylene idodonium chloride (DPI), an irreversible inhibitor of flavoprotein enzymes, experienced significantly reduced inflammation. Taken together, these results strongly indicate the presence of oxidative stress in the inflammatory bowel disease in NSAID-treated IL10(-/-) mice and suggests a role for oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this model of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Narushima
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA
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25
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Ismail HF, Fick P, Zhang J, Lynch RG, Berg DJ. Depletion of neutrophils in IL-10(-/-) mice delays clearance of gastric Helicobacter infection and decreases the Th1 immune response to Helicobacter. J Immunol 2003; 170:3782-9. [PMID: 12646644 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastric infection with Helicobacter induces a lymphocyte-rich mucosal inflammation that contains a minor population of neutrophilic granulocytes. The function of neutrophils in the local immune response to gastric Helicobacter infection remains unknown. To investigate this issue, we conducted experiments in neutrophil-depleted control wild-type (wt) and IL-10(-/-) mice infected with Helicobacter felis by gastric lavage. Infection of wt mice elicited a mild, focal gastritis and a Helicobacter-specific Th1 immune response. In wt mice Helicobacter colonization of the stomach was persistent and progressively increased during the 29 days of observation. Infection of IL-10(-/-) mice with H. felis elicited a severe chronic gastritis and a greatly enhanced Helicobacter-specific Th1 immune response, as compared with wt mice. After initial colonization, the IL-0(-/-) mice completely cleared Helicobacter from the stomach by day 8. The gastric inflammation in wt and IL-10(-/-) mice contained modest numbers of neutrophils. The intensity of gastric inflammation and the extent of Helicobacter colonization were similar in control and in neutrophil-depleted wt mice. In contrast, neutrophil depletion of Helicobacter-infected IL-10(-/-) mice decreased the severity of gastritis, modulated the Helicobacter-specific Th1 immune response, and delayed the clearance of bacteria from the stomach. These studies identify a role for neutrophils in the local and systemic immune response to gastric Helicobacter in IL-10(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan F Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory cytokine. IL-10-deficient mice (IL-10(-/-)) develop chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indicating that endogenous IL-10 is a central regulator of the mucosal immune response. Prostaglandins are lipid mediators that may be important mediators of intestinal inflammation. In this study we assessed the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of mucosal inflammation in the IL-10(-/-) mouse model of IBD. METHODS Prostaglandin (PG) synthesis was inhibited with nonselective or cyclooxygenase (COX)-isoform selective inhibitors. Severity of inflammation was assessed histologically. Cytokine production was assessed by ribonuclease protection analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PGE(2) levels were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. COX-1 and COX-2 expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment of wild-type mice had minimal effect on the colon. In contrast, NSAID treatment of 4-week-old IL-10(-/-) mice resulted in rapid development of colitis characterized by infiltration of the lamina propria with macrophages and interferon gamma-producing CD4(+) T cells. Colitis persisted after withdrawal of the NSAID. NSAID treatment decreased colonic PGE(2) levels by 75%. Treatment of IL-10(-/-) mice with sulindac sulfone (which does not inhibit PG production) did not induce colitis whereas the NSAID sulindac induced severe colitis. COX-1- or COX-2-selective inhibitors used alone did not induce IBD in IL-10(-/-) mice. However, the combination of COX-1- and COX-2-selective inhibitors did induce colitis. CONCLUSIONS NSAID treatment of IL-10(-/-) mice results in the rapid development of severe, chronic IBD. Endogenous PGs are important inhibitors of the development of intestinal inflammation in IL-10(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Lambert GP, Gisolfi CV, Berg DJ, Moseley PL, Oberley LW, Kregel KC. Selected contribution: Hyperthermia-induced intestinal permeability and the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002; 92:1750-61; discussion 1749. [PMID: 11896046 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00787.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize intestinal permeability changes over a range of physiologically relevant body temperatures in vivo and in vitro. Initially, FITC-dextran (4,000 Da), a large fluorescent molecule, was loaded into the small intestine of anesthetized rats. The rats were then maintained at approximately 37 degrees C or heated over 90 min to a core body temperature of approximately 41, approximately 41.5, or approximately 42.5 degrees C. Permeability was greater in the 42.5 degrees C group compared with the 37, 41, or 41.5 degrees C groups. Histological analysis revealed intestinal epithelial damage in heated groups. Everted intestinal sacs were then used to further characterize hyperthermia-induced intestinal permeability and to study the potential role of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Increased permeability to 4,000-Da FITC-dextran in both small intestinal and colonic sacs was observed at a temperature of 41.5-42 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C, along with widespread intestinal epithelial damage. Administration of antioxidant enzyme mimics or a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor did not reduce permeability due to heat stress, and tissue concentrations of a lipid peroxidation product were not altered by heat stress, suggesting that oxidative and nitrosative stress were not likely mediators of this phenomenon in vitro. In conclusion, hyperthermia produced increased permeability and marked intestinal epithelial damage both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that thermal disruption of epithelial membranes contributes to the intestinal barrier dysfunction manifested with heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Lambert
- Department of Exercise Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1111, USA
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28
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Abstract
Unmethylated CpG motifs found in bacterial DNA are potent activators of the innate and acquired immune systems, and rapidly induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that CpG DNA may also elicit the production of prostaglandins (PG), which are central lipid mediators of the immune and inflammatory response. To test our hypothesis, we stimulated murine spleen cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells with CpG DNA and assessed the effects on the PG synthesis pathway. Compared to control, DNA-containing CpG motifs induced >5-fold increase in PGE (2) production and rapidly up-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at both the mRNA and protein level. CpG DNA was an extremely strong inducer of COX-2 as concentrations as low as 3 ng/ml induced COX-2 protein expression. The CpG DNA-induced PGE (2) down-regulated the immune response elicited by CpG. Blockade of PGE (2) production with selective COX-2 inhibitors or neutralizing anti-PGE (2) antibody markedly enhanced IFN-gamma secretion in vitro from CpG DNA-stimulated spleen cells. Moreover, selective COX-2 inhibition increased CpG DNA-induced IFN-gamma secretion in vivo. Inhibition of COX-2 also increased CpG DNA-induced lytic activity of NK cells. Taken together, these data indicate that DNA containing CpG motifs is a potent inducer of COX-2 and PGE (2) production. CpG-induced PG may subsequently down-regulate the immune and inflammatory responses elicited by the CpG DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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29
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Abstract
IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory cytokine. IL-10(-/-) mice produce exaggerated amounts of inflammatory cytokines when stimulated with LPS, indicating that endogenous IL-10 is a central regulator of inflammatory cytokine production in vivo. PGs are lipid mediators that are also produced in large amounts during the inflammatory response. To study the role of IL-10 in the regulation of PG production during the acute inflammatory response, we evaluated LPS-induced cyclooxygenase (COX) expression and PG production in wild-type (wt) and IL-10(-/-) mice. LPS-induced PGE(2) production from IL-10(-/-) spleen cells was 5.6-fold greater than that from wt spleen cells. LPS stimulation resulted in the induction of COX-2 mRNA and protein in both wt and IL-10(-/-) spleen cells; however, the magnitude of increase in COX-2 mRNA was 5.5-fold greater in IL-10(-/-) mice as compared with wt mice. COX-1 protein levels were not affected by LPS stimulation in either wt or IL-10(-/-) mice. Neutralization of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or IL-12 markedly decreased the induction of COX-2 in IL-10(-/-) spleen cells, suggesting that increased inflammatory cytokine production mediates much of the COX-2 induction in IL-10(-/-) mice. Treatment of IL-10(-/-) mice with low doses of LPS resulted in a marked induction of COX-2 mRNA in the spleen, whereas wt mice had minimal expression of COX-2 mRNA. These findings indicate that, in addition to IL-10's central role in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, endogenous IL-10 is an important regulator of PG production in the response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Abstract
Little is known about the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in blood vessels. We used IL-10-deficient mice (IL-10 -/-) to examine the hypothesis that IL-10 protects endothelial function after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. The responses of carotid arteries were studied in vitro 6 h after injection of a relatively low dose of LPS (10 microgram ip). In IL-10 -/- mice, the maximum relaxation to ACh (3 microM) was 56 +/- 6% (means +/- SE) after LPS injection and 84 +/- 4% after vehicle injection (P < 0.05). Thus endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired in carotid arteries from IL-10 -/- mice after LPS injection. In contrast, this dose of LPS did not alter relaxation to ACh in vessels from wild-type (IL-10 +/+) mice. Relaxation to nitroprusside and papaverine was similar in arteries from both IL-10 -/- and IL-10 +/+ mice after vehicle or LPS injection. Because inflammation is associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, we also tested the hypothesis that superoxide contributes to the impairment of endothelial function by LPS in the absence of IL-10. Results using confocal microscopy and hydroethidine indicated that levels of superoxide are elevated in carotid arteries from IL-10 -/- mice compared with IL-10 +/+ mice after LPS injection. The impaired relaxation of arteries from IL-10 -/- mice after LPS injection was restored to normal by polyethylene glycol-suspended superoxide dismutase (50 U/ml) or allopurinol (1 mM), an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. These data provide direct evidence that IL-10 protects endothelial function after an acute inflammatory stimulus by limiting local increases in superoxide. The source of superoxide in this model may be xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Gunnett
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1081, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role in blood vessels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, is not known. Using mice with targeted deletion of the gene for IL-10 (IL-10(-/-)), we examined the hypothesis that IL-10 is a major modulator of the vascular effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods-We examined in vitro responses of carotid arteries obtained from wild-type (129/SvEv or C57BL/6; IL-10(+/+)) and IL-10-deficient mice 6 hours after injection of a relatively low dose of LPS (10 microgram). RESULTS Contraction of the carotid artery in response to U46619 was impaired in IL-10-deficient mice treated with LPS compared with LPS-treated controls. After LPS, U46619 (0.03 and 0.1 microgram/mL) contracted the carotid artery by 0.11+/-0.02 (mean+/-SEM) and 0.38+/-0.03 g in wild-type (n=10) and 0.03+/-0.01 and 0.19+/-0.03 g in IL-10-deficient (n=8) mice (P<0.05 versus control). Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), had no significant effect on contraction of the carotid artery from LPS-treated control mice but restored contraction of the carotid artery in response to U46619 in IL-10-deficient mice to levels seen in wild-type mice. Similar findings were obtained when phenylephrine was used as a vasoconstricting agent. These findings indicate that LPS produces much greater impairment of contractile responses of the carotid artery in IL-10-deficient mice than in control mice. Impaired contractile function was eliminated by aminoguanidine, suggesting that expression of iNOS is enhanced in arteries from IL-10-deficient mice. In carotid arteries from animals injected with LPS, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products for iNOS were found more frequently in IL-10-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. RT-PCR products for iNOS were not present in arteries from vehicle-treated animals (IL-10-deficient or wild-type mice). CONCLUSIONS This is the first evidence that endogenous IL-10 is a major determinant of the effects of LPS on vascular tone. The results suggest that impaired constrictor responses of the carotid artery after LPS in IL-10-deficient mice are mediated by enhanced expression of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Gunnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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Gudmundsson G, Bosch A, Davidson BL, Berg DJ, Hunninghake GW. Interleukin-10 modulates the severity of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1998; 19:812-8. [PMID: 9806746 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.19.5.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by granuloma formation. We recently showed that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is essential for inflammation and granuloma formation in HP. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) counteracts many of the biologic effects of IFN-gamma, suggesting that IL-10 modulates inflammation and granuloma formation in HP. We compared the expression of HP in C57BL/6 mice that lack IL-10 (IL-10 knockout [KO]) with that in wild-type (WT) littermates. IL-10 KO and WT mice were exposed to the thermophilic bacteria Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula or to saline alone for 3 wk. The IL-10 KO mice had higher cell counts in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (2.85 +/- 0. 43 x 10(6)) than did WT mice (1.4 +/- 0.3 x 10(6)/ml; P < 0.03), with a more prominent neutrophil response. They also had greater inflammation after antigen exposure than did the WT mice (P < 0. 0001). There was increased upregulation of IFN-gamma, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNAs in the lungs of IL-10 KO mice. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of IL-10 to the liver of IL-10 KO mice reduced the inflammation from that seen in WT mice. These studies show that IL-10 has important anti-inflammatory properties in HP, and that lack of this cytokine leads to a more severe granulomatous inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gudmundsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Veterans Administrations Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Berg DJ, Lynch NA, Lynch RG, Lauricella DM. Rapid development of severe hyperplastic gastritis with gastric epithelial dedifferentiation in Helicobacter felis-infected IL-10(-/-) mice. Am J Pathol 1998; 152:1377-86. [PMID: 9588906 PMCID: PMC1858590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory cytokine. Mice deficient in IL-10 production (IL-10(-/-)) develop a spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease, indicating that IL-10 is an important regulator of the mucosal immune response in vivo. To study the role of IL-10 in the host response to gastric Helicobacter infection, stomachs of IL-10(-/-) and wild-type mice were colonized with Helicobacter felis, as a model of human H. pylori infection. Within 4 weeks of H. felis infection, wild-type mice develop a mild, focal chronic gastritis. In contrast, H. felis-infected IL-10(-/-) mice develop a severe hyperplastic gastritis, characterized by a dense, predominantly mononuclear cell inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa and epithelial cell proliferation and dedifferentiation. Within 4 weeks of H. felis infection, there are striking alterations in the character of the gastric epithelium from IL-10(-/-) mice, including a profound loss of parietal and chief cells, focal de novo production of acidic mucins, and marked epithelial proliferation with disordered epithelial architecture. These findings indicate that, in the absence of IL-10, the inflammatory and immunological responses of the murine host to gastric colonization with Helicobacter is a rapidly evolving pathological process with features that mimic those associated with H. pylori infection in humans. H. felis-infected IL-10(-/-) mice may provide a model with which to investigate the cellular and molecular changes that stem from gastric infection with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
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Anitescu M, Chace JH, Tuetken R, Yi AK, Berg DJ, Krieg AM, Cowdery JS. Interleukin-10 functions in vitro and in vivo to inhibit bacterial DNA-induced secretion of interleukin-12. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1997; 17:781-8. [PMID: 9452366 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1997.17.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial DNA (bDNA) has a number of biologic properties, including the ability to induce interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by macrophages. We studied the role of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 as a potential inhibitor of bDNA-induced IL-12 production. IL-10 concentrations as low as 0.3 ng/ml profoundly inhibited bDNA-induced macrophage IL-12 production as measured by Elispot analysis of IL-12 p40-secreting cells. Additionally, we found that IL-10 inhibited bDNA-induced IL-12 secretion by the macrophage cell lines J774 and RAW 264. Preincubation of splenic adherent cells with IL-10 markedly reduced bDNA-induced transcription of IL-12 p40 mRNA. Interestingly, after 2 h of exposure, bDNA also induces transcription of IL-10 mRNA by splenic adherent cells. The importance of IL-10 in the in vivo regulation of bDNA-induced cytokine secretion was illustrated by the response of mice with disrupted IL-10 genes (IL-10 ko mice) to i.v. bDNA challenge. Compared to +/+ mice, IL-10 knockout (ko) mice exhibited increased numbers of IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-secreting cells following either single or repeated challenge with bDNA. These findings indicate that IL-10 plays a key role in regulating bDNA-induced production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anitescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1009, USA
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Berg DJ, Davidson N, Kühn R, Müller W, Menon S, Holland G, Thompson-Snipes L, Leach MW, Rennick D. Enterocolitis and colon cancer in interleukin-10-deficient mice are associated with aberrant cytokine production and CD4(+) TH1-like responses. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:1010-20. [PMID: 8770874 PMCID: PMC507517 DOI: 10.1172/jci118861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 874] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the progressive stages of chronic intestinal inflammation that develops spontaneously in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice with a targeted disruption in the IL-10 gene (IL-10-/-). Our longitudinal studies showed that inflammatory changes first appear in the cecum, ascending and transverse colon of 3-wk-old mutants. As the disease progressed, lesions appeared in the remainder of the colon and in the rectum. Some aged IL-10-/- mice also developed inflammation in the small intestine. Prolonged disease with transmural lesions and a high incidence of colorectal adenocarcinomas (60%) was observed in 6-mo-old mutants. Mechanistic studies have associated uncontrolled cytokine production by activated macrophages and CD4+ Th1-like T cells with the enterocolitis exhibited by IL-10-/- mice. A major role for a pathogenic Th1 response was further suggested by showing that anti-IFNgamma antibody (Ab) treatment significantly attenuated intestinal inflammation in young IL-10-/- mice. When weanlings were treated with IL-10, they failed to develop any signs of intestinal inflammation. Interestingly, IL-10 treatment of adults was not curative but did ameliorate disease progression. Our studies have also shown that inheritable factors strongly influence the disease susceptibility of IL-10-/- mice. In 3-mo-old mutants, intestinal lesions were most severe in IL-10-/- 129/SvEv and IL-10-/- BALB/c strains, of intermediate severity in the IL-10-/- 129 x C57BL/6J outbreds, and least severe in the IL-10-/- C57BL/6J strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Berg
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Davidson NJ, Leach MW, Fort MM, Thompson-Snipes L, Kühn R, Müller W, Berg DJ, Rennick DM. T helper cell 1-type CD4+ T cells, but not B cells, mediate colitis in interleukin 10-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1996; 184:241-51. [PMID: 8691138 PMCID: PMC2192682 DOI: 10.1084/jem.184.1.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice rendered deficient in the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10-/-) develop a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominates in the colon and shares histopathological features with human IBD. Our aim was to identify which cell type(s) can mediate colitis in IL-10-/- mice. We detected an influx of immunoglobulin-positive cells into the colon and the presence of colon-reactive antibodies in the serum of IL-10-/- mice. To assess a pathogenic role for B cells, we generated a B cell-deficient (B-/-) strain of IL-10-/- mice. B-/-IL-10-/- mice acquired a severe colitis analogous to that IL-10-/- mice, implying that B cells were not the primary mediator of IBD in this model. A series of cell transfer experiments was performed to assess a pathogenic role for T cells. When IL-10-/- T cell-enriched lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) or intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were transferred into immunodeficient recombinase-activating gene (RAG)-2-/- recipients, a mild to severe colitis developed, depending on the cell number transferred. Lymphocytes recovered from the colon of transplanted RAG-2-/- mice with colitis were predominantly alpha beta TCR+CD4+, including a large proportion of CD4+CD8 alpha + cells. These cells were also CD45RB-/low and CD44+, indicative of an activated/memory population. Individual populations of CD4+CD8 alpha-, CD4+CD8 alpha + and CD4-CD8 alpha + T cells were then isolated from the lamina propria compartment of IL-10-/- mice and transferred into RAG-2-/- recipients. Only IL-10-/- CD4-expressing LPL, including both the CD4+CD8 alpha- and CD4+CD8 alpha + populations, induced colitis in recipient mice. Interferon-gamma, but little to no IL-4, was produced by CD4+CD8 alpha- and CD4+CD8 alpha + LPL recovered from the inflamed colons of RAG-2-/- recipients implicating alpha T helper cell 1 (TH1)-mediated response. We thus conclude that colitis in IL-10-/- mice is predominantly mediated by TH1-type alpha beta TCR+ T cells expressing CD4 alone, or in combination with the CD8 alpha molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Davidson
- DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Berg DJ, Kühn R, Rajewsky K, Müller W, Menon S, Davidson N, Grünig G, Rennick D. Interleukin-10 is a central regulator of the response to LPS in murine models of endotoxic shock and the Shwartzman reaction but not endotoxin tolerance. J Clin Invest 1995; 96:2339-47. [PMID: 7593621 PMCID: PMC185885 DOI: 10.1172/jci118290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in vivo have shown that IL-10 infusion can prevent lethal endotoxic shock. Mice deficient in the production of IL-10 (IL10T) were used to investigate the regulatory role of IL-10 in the responses to LPS in three experimental systems. In a model of acute endotoxic shock, it was found that the lethal dose of LPS for IL10T mice was 20-fold lower than that for wild type (wt) mice suggesting that endogenous IL-10 determines the amount of LPS which can be tolerated without death. The high mortality rate of IL10T mice challenged with modest doses of LPS was correlated to the uncontrolled production of TNF as treatment with anti-TNF antibody (Ab) resulted in 70% survival. Additional studies suggested that IL-10 mediates protection by controlling the early effectors of endotoxic shock (e.g., TNF alpha) and that it is incapable of directly antagonizing the production and/or actions of late appearing effector molecules (e.g., nitric oxide). We also found that IL10T mice were extremely vulnerable to a generalized Shwartzman reaction where prior exposure to a small amount of LPS primes the host for a lethal response to a subsequent sublethal dose. The priming LPS dose for IL10T mice was 100-fold lower than that required to prime wt mice implying that IL-10 is important for suppressing sensitization. In agreement with this assumption, IL-10 infusion was found to block the sensitization step. Interestingly, IL-10 was not the main effector of endotoxin tolerance as IL10T mice could be tolerized to LPS. Furthermore, IL-10 infusion could not substitute for the desensitizing dose of LPS. These results show that IL-10 is a critical component of the host's natural defense against the development of pathologic responses to LPS although it is not responsible for LPS-induced tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Berg
- Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Berg DJ, Leach MW, Kühn R, Rajewsky K, Müller W, Davidson NJ, Rennick D. Interleukin 10 but not interleukin 4 is a natural suppressant of cutaneous inflammatory responses. J Exp Med 1995; 182:99-108. [PMID: 7790826 PMCID: PMC2192105 DOI: 10.1084/jem.182.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the role of endogenously produced interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-10 in the regulation of inflammatory and immune reactions in the skin. In these experiments, irritant and contact hypersensitivity (CH) responses were elicited in mice with targeted disruptions of the IL-4 (IL-4T) or IL-10 (IL-10T) gene. Our study showed that IL-4T and wild-type (wt) mice exhibited equivalent responses to the irritant croton oil. In contrast, the response of IL-10T mice challenged with croton oil was abnormally increased. When IL-10T mice were exposed to a higher dose of irritant, irreversible tissue damage occurred. By comparison, any treatment of wt mice with croton oil resulted in far less tissue damage and resolution of inflammation. Neutralizing antibody studies demonstrated that the necrosis that occurred in IL-10T mice was due to the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor. The anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment of IL-10T mice did not significantly reduce the edema or the influx of inflammatory cells, suggesting that these changes were due to the uncontrolled production of other proinflammatory cytokines. T cell-dependent immune responses were also evaluated using the contact sensitizer oxazolone. The response of IL-4T mice did not differ from wt mice. In contrast, IL-10T mice mounted an exaggerated CH response, increased in both magnitude and duration as compared with wt mice. Based on these studies, we have concluded that IL-10, but not IL-4, is a natural suppressant of irritant responses and of CH, and it limits immunopathologic damage in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Berg
- Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Richard CW, Boehnke M, Berg DJ, Lichy JH, Meeker TC, Hauser E, Myers RM, Cox DR. A radiation hybrid map of the distal short arm of human chromosome 11, containing the Beckwith-Wiedemann and associated embryonal tumor disease loci. Am J Hum Genet 1993; 52:915-21. [PMID: 8387721 PMCID: PMC1682045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a high-resolution radiation hybrid (RH) map of the distal short arm of human chromosome 11 containing the Beckwith-Wiedemann gene and the associated embryonal tumor disease loci. Thirteen human 11p15 genes and 17 new anonymous probes were mapped by a statistical analysis of the cosegregation of markers in 102 rodent-human radiation hybrids retaining fragments of human chromosome 11. The 17 anonymous probes were generated from lambda phage containing human 11p15.5 inserts, by using ALU-PCR. A comprehensive map of all 30 loci and a framework map of nine clusters of loci ordered at odds of 1,000:1 were constructed by a multipoint maximum-likelihood approach by using the computer program RHMAP. This RH map localizes one new gene to chromosome 11p15 (WEE1), provides more precise order information for several 11p15 genes (CTSD, H19, HPX, ST5, RNH, and SMPD1), confirms previous map orders for other 11p15 genes (CALCA, PTH, HBBC, TH, HRAS, and DRD4), and maps 17 new anonymous probes within the 11p15.5 region. This RH map should prove useful in better defining the positions of the Beckwith-Wiedemann and associated embryonal tumor disease-gene loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Richard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
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Berg DJ, Lynch RG. Immune dysfunction in mice with plasmacytomas. I. Evidence that transforming growth factor-beta contributes to the altered expression of activation receptors on host B lymphocytes. J Immunol 1991; 146:2865-72. [PMID: 1826699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoma-bearing mice (PC-mice) develop a polyclonal B cell immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by marked impairment of: a) primary antibody responses and b) proliferative responses to B cell mitogens. The present investigations used two-color flow cytometry to examine B lymphocytes from the spleens and lymph nodes of PC-mice and found decreased surface membrane expression of surface IgM (sIgM), transferrin receptors (TfR) and IgE FcR (CD23), increased expression of class II MHC, but normal expression of B220, Mel-14, Fc gamma RII, and Fc mu R. These changes were not related to the H chain class or the amount of Ig produced by the plasmacytoma. When cultured with IL-4, B lymphocytes from PC-mice increased their expression of sIgM and class II MHC, but not of CD23. Several findings implicate transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the mechanism that modulates receptor expression on B lymphocytes in PC-mice: a) ascites fluid from PC-mice contains large quantities of TGF-beta 1; b) supernatants of cultured spleen cells from PC mice contain up to eightfold more TGF-beta than is found with normal spleen cells; c) cloned plasmacytoma cells produce TGF-beta in vitro; and d) the abnormal phenotype of B cells from PC-mice, i.e., decreased CD23, sIgM, and TfR, and increased class II MHC, is induced on normal B cells cultured in the presence of TGF-beta 1. Because sIgM, TfR, class II MHC, and CD23 are molecules that play fundamental roles in the activation of normal B cells, their modulation by TGF-beta 1: a) identifies molecular mechanisms that could account for some of the known immunosuppressive properties of TGF-beta 1 and b) implicates TGF-beta in the pathogenesis of the polyclonal B cell immunodeficiency that is characteristic of plasma cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242
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41
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Berg DJ, Lynch RG. Immune dysfunction in mice with plasmacytomas. I. Evidence that transforming growth factor-beta contributes to the altered expression of activation receptors on host B lymphocytes. The Journal of Immunology 1991. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.146.8.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Plasmacytoma-bearing mice (PC-mice) develop a polyclonal B cell immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by marked impairment of: a) primary antibody responses and b) proliferative responses to B cell mitogens. The present investigations used two-color flow cytometry to examine B lymphocytes from the spleens and lymph nodes of PC-mice and found decreased surface membrane expression of surface IgM (sIgM), transferrin receptors (TfR) and IgE FcR (CD23), increased expression of class II MHC, but normal expression of B220, Mel-14, Fc gamma RII, and Fc mu R. These changes were not related to the H chain class or the amount of Ig produced by the plasmacytoma. When cultured with IL-4, B lymphocytes from PC-mice increased their expression of sIgM and class II MHC, but not of CD23. Several findings implicate transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the mechanism that modulates receptor expression on B lymphocytes in PC-mice: a) ascites fluid from PC-mice contains large quantities of TGF-beta 1; b) supernatants of cultured spleen cells from PC mice contain up to eightfold more TGF-beta than is found with normal spleen cells; c) cloned plasmacytoma cells produce TGF-beta in vitro; and d) the abnormal phenotype of B cells from PC-mice, i.e., decreased CD23, sIgM, and TfR, and increased class II MHC, is induced on normal B cells cultured in the presence of TGF-beta 1. Because sIgM, TfR, class II MHC, and CD23 are molecules that play fundamental roles in the activation of normal B cells, their modulation by TGF-beta 1: a) identifies molecular mechanisms that could account for some of the known immunosuppressive properties of TGF-beta 1 and b) implicates TGF-beta in the pathogenesis of the polyclonal B cell immunodeficiency that is characteristic of plasma cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242
| | - R G Lynch
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242
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Lynch RG, Sandor M, Waldschmidt TJ, Mathur A, Schaiff WT, Berg DJ, Snapp K, Mueller A, Robinson MG, Noben N. Lymphocyte Fc receptors: expression, regulation and function. Mol Immunol 1990; 27:1167-79. [PMID: 2274060 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(90)90019-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R G Lynch
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242
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Finkel LI, Berg DJ, Davis JL. Double-contrast computed tomography of the shoulder. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1989; 89:1017-20, 1023-6. [PMID: 2670855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As a modality for the study of abnormalities of the shoulder, double-contrast computed tomography (CT) is accurate, is relatively easy to perform, and requires only a low dose of radiation. The results can be extremely helpful in preoperative planning. In this study, CT images were obtained for 247 patients who had undergone routine double-contrast shoulder arthrography. Abnormalities shown on CT images included glenoid labrum attenuation and tears, glenoid fractures, loose joint bodies, intracapsular staples, intra-articular screws, adhesive capsulitis, rotator cuff tears, peritendinitis calcarea, biceps tendon tears, and capsular abnormalities. In the 41 cases in which surgical correlation was available, all of the confirmed abnormalities had been identified on double-contrast CT images. Of the patients with rotator cuff tears, 80% had other abnormalities of the shoulder, and 48% had glenoid labrum tears. Of the patients with peritendinitis calcarea, 40% had glenoid labrum tears, and 33% had rotator cuff tears. Double-contrast CT studies of the shoulder are recommended when patients experience a decrease in range of motion, persistent shoulder pain, or signs of instability. Frequently, patients with rotator cuff tears and peritendinitis calcarea have coexisting abnormalities.
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Abstract
The authors describe 4 patients who had functioning distal splenorenal shunts despite obstruction of the left renal vein at its insertion into the inferior vena cava. The angiographic technique and findings of left renal vein evaluation in 40 shunted patients are reviewed. There were two important findings. First, no correlation existed between the degree of portal hypertension and the degree of filling of collateral tributaries of renal veins. Second, obstruction of the left renal vein does not impair a splenorenal shunt if good collateral pathways are present.
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Fleischer AS, Berg DJ. Balloon occlusion and embolization of an internal and external carotid-cavernous fistula. Surg Neurol 1977; 7:145-8. [PMID: 847624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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