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Correa-Medero LO, Jankowski SE, Hong HS, Armas ND, Vijendra AI, Reynolds MB, Fogo GM, Awad D, Dils AT, Inoki KA, Williams RG, Ye AM, Svezhova N, Gomez-Rivera F, Collins KL, O'Riordan MX, Sanderson TH, Lyssiotis CA, Carty SA. ER-associated degradation adapter Sel1L is required for CD8 + T cell function and memory formation following acute viral infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114156. [PMID: 38687642 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells underlies the efficacy of vaccines and immunotherapies. Pathways contributing to CD8+ T cell loss are not completely understood. Uncovering the pathways underlying the limited persistence of CD8+ T cells would be of significant benefit for developing novel strategies of promoting T cell persistence. Here, we demonstrate that murine CD8+ T cells experience endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress following activation and that the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) adapter Sel1L is induced in activated CD8+ T cells. Sel1L loss limits CD8+ T cell function and memory formation following acute viral infection. Mechanistically, Sel1L is required for optimal bioenergetics and c-Myc expression. Finally, we demonstrate that human CD8+ T cells experience ER stress upon activation and that ER stress is negatively associated with improved T cell functionality in T cell-redirecting therapies. Together, these results demonstrate that ER stress and ERAD are important regulators of T cell function and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Correa-Medero
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Hanna S Hong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas D Armas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Mack B Reynolds
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Garrett M Fogo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexander T Dils
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Reid G Williams
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Kathleen L Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary X O'Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shannon A Carty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Núñez FJ, Banerjee K, Mujeeb AA, Mauser A, Tronrud CE, Zhu Z, Taher A, Kadiyala P, Carney SV, Garcia-Fabiani MB, Comba A, Alghamri MS, McClellan BL, Faisal SM, Nwosu ZC, Hong HS, Qin T, Sartor MA, Ljungman M, Cheng SY, Appelman HD, Lowenstein PR, Lahann J, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Autophagy Drives Mutant IDH1 Glioma Progression and Response to Radiation. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.08.584091. [PMID: 38559270 PMCID: PMC10979892 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1; IDH1 R132H ) exhibits a gain of function mutation enabling 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production. 2HG inhibits DNA and histone demethylases, inducing epigenetic reprogramming and corresponding changes to the transcriptome. We previously demonstrated 2HG-mediated epigenetic reprogramming enhances DNA-damage response and confers radioresistance in mIDH1 gliomas harboring p53 and ATRX loss of function mutations. In this study, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data revealed human and mouse mIDH1 glioma neurospheres have downregulated gene ontologies related to mitochondrial metabolism and upregulated autophagy. Further analysis revealed that the decreased mitochondrial metabolism was paralleled by a decrease in glycolysis, rendering autophagy as a source of energy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Analysis of autophagy pathways showed that mIDH1 glioma cells exhibited increased expression of pULK1-S555 and enhanced LC3 I/II conversion, indicating augmented autophagy activity. This dependence is reflected by increased sensitivity of mIDH1 glioma cells to autophagy inhibition. Blocking autophagy selectively impairs the growth of cultured mIDH1 glioma cells but not wild-type IDH1 (wtIDH1) glioma cells. Targeting autophagy by systemic administration of synthetic protein nanoparticles packaged with siRNA targeting Atg7 (SPNP-siRNA-Atg7) sensitized mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation-induced cell death, resulting in tumor regression, long-term survival, and immunological memory, when used in combination with IR. Our results indicate autophagy as a critical pathway for survival and maintenance of mIDH1 glioma cells, a strategy that has significant potential for future clinical translation. One Sentence Summary The inhibition of autophagy sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation, thus creating a promising therapeutic strategy for mIDH1 glioma patients. Graphical abstract Our genetically engineered mIDH1 mouse glioma model harbors IDH1 R132H in the context of ATRX and TP53 knockdown. The production of 2-HG elicited an epigenetic reprogramming associated with a disruption in mitochondrial activity and an enhancement of autophagy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cell homeostasis related with cell survival under energetic stress and DNA damage protection. Autophagy has been associated with radio resistance. The inhibition of autophagy thus radio sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells and enhances survival of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice, representing a novel therapeutic target for this glioma subtype with potential applicability in combined clinical strategies.
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Sugiura A, Beier KL, Chi C, Heintzman DR, Ye X, Wolf MM, Patterson AR, Cephus JY, Hong HS, Lyssiotis CA, Newcomb DC, Rathmell JC. Tissue-Specific Dependence of Th1 Cells on the Amino Acid Transporter SLC38A1 in Inflammation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.13.557496. [PMID: 37745344 PMCID: PMC10515961 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) uptake is essential for T cell metabolism and function, but how tissue sites and inflammation affect CD4+ T cell subset requirements for specific AA remains uncertain. Here we tested CD4+ T cell AA demands with in vitro and multiple in vivo CRISPR screens and identify subset- and tissue-specific dependencies on the AA transporter SLC38A1 (SNAT1). While dispensable for T cell persistence and expansion over time in vitro and in vivo lung inflammation, SLC38A1 was critical for Th1 but not Th17 cell-driven Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) and contributed to Th1 cell-driven inflammatory bowel disease. SLC38A1 deficiency reduced mTORC1 signaling and glycolytic activity in Th1 cells, in part by reducing intracellular glutamine and disrupting hexosamine biosynthesis and redox regulation. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of SLC38 transporters delayed EAE but did not affect lung inflammation. Subset- and tissue-specific dependencies of CD4+ T cells on AA transporters may guide selective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katherine L. Beier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Channing Chi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Darren R. Heintzman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melissa M. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew R. Patterson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hanna S. Hong
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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4
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Cable J, Rathmell JC, Pearce EL, Ho PC, Haigis MC, Mamedov MR, Wu MJ, Kaech SM, Lynch L, Febbraio MA, Bapat SP, Hong HS, Zou W, Belkaid Y, Sullivan ZA, Keller A, Wculek SK, Green DR, Postic C, Amit I, Benitah SA, Jones RG, Reina-Campos M, Torres SV, Beyaz S, Brennan D, O'Neill LAJ, Perry RJ, Brenner D. Immunometabolism at the crossroads of obesity and cancer-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1523:38-50. [PMID: 36960914 PMCID: PMC10367315 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunometabolism considers the relationship between metabolism and immunity. Typically, researchers focus on either the metabolic pathways within immune cells that affect their function or the impact of immune cells on systemic metabolism. A more holistic approach that considers both these viewpoints is needed. On September 5-8, 2022, experts in the field of immunometabolism met for the Keystone symposium "Immunometabolism at the Crossroads of Obesity and Cancer" to present recent research across the field of immunometabolism, with the setting of obesity and cancer as an ideal example of the complex interplay between metabolism, immunity, and cancer. Speakers highlighted new insights on the metabolic links between tumor cells and immune cells, with a focus on leveraging unique metabolic vulnerabilities of different cell types in the tumor microenvironment as therapeutic targets and demonstrated the effects of diet, the microbiome, and obesity on immune system function and cancer pathogenesis and therapy. Finally, speakers presented new technologies to interrogate the immune system and uncover novel metabolic pathways important for immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murad R Mamedov
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meng-Ju Wu
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sagar P Bapat
- Diabetes Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Graduate Program in Immunology; Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and NIAID Microbiome Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zuri A Sullivan
- Department of Immunobiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Keller
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefanie K Wculek
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglas R Green
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Santiago Valle Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Donal Brennan
- UCD Gynecological Oncology Group, UCD School of Medicine, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for System Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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5
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Reynolds MB, Hong HS, Michmerhuizen BC, Lawrence ALE, Zhang L, Knight JS, Lyssiotis CA, Abuaita BH, O’Riordan MX. Cardiolipin coordinates inflammatory metabolic reprogramming through regulation of Complex II disassembly and degradation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade8701. [PMID: 36735777 PMCID: PMC9897665 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage metabolic plasticity enables repurposing of electron transport from energy generation to inflammation and host defense. Altered respiratory complex II function has been implicated in cancer, diabetes, and inflammation, but regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that macrophage inflammatory activation triggers Complex II disassembly and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B loss through sequestration and selective mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission supported lipopolysaccharide-stimulated succinate dehydrogenase subunit B degradation but not sequestration. We hypothesized that this Complex II regulatory mechanism might be coordinated by the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin. Cardiolipin synthase knockdown prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced metabolic remodeling and Complex II disassembly, sequestration, and degradation. Cardiolipin-depleted macrophages were defective in lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, a phenotype partially rescued by Complex II inhibition. Thus, cardiolipin acts as a critical organizer of inflammatory metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hanna S. Hong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Britton C Michmerhuizen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna-Lisa E. Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Basel H. Abuaita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary X. O’Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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6
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Menjivar RE, Nwosu ZC, Du W, Donahue KL, Hong HS, Espinoza C, Brown K, Velez-Delgado A, Yan W, Lima F, Bischoff A, Kadiyala P, Salas-Escabillas D, Crawford HC, Bednar F, Carpenter E, Zhang Y, Halbrook CJ, Lyssiotis CA, Pasca di Magliano M. Arginase 1 is a key driver of immune suppression in pancreatic cancer. eLife 2023; 12:e80721. [PMID: 36727849 PMCID: PMC10260021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive fibroinflammatory stroma rich in macrophages is a hallmark of pancreatic cancer. In this disease, it is well appreciated that macrophages are immunosuppressive and contribute to the poor response to immunotherapy; however, the mechanisms of immune suppression are complex and not fully understood. Immunosuppressive macrophages are classically defined by the expression of the enzyme Arginase 1 (ARG1), which we demonstrated is potently expressed in pancreatic tumor-associated macrophages from both human patients and mouse models. While routinely used as a polarization marker, ARG1 also catabolizes arginine, an amino acid required for T cell activation and proliferation. To investigate this metabolic function, we used a genetic and a pharmacologic approach to target Arg1 in pancreatic cancer. Genetic inactivation of Arg1 in macrophages, using a dual recombinase genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer, delayed formation of invasive disease, while increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration. Additionally, Arg1 deletion induced compensatory mechanisms, including Arg1 overexpression in epithelial cells, namely Tuft cells, and Arg2 overexpression in a subset of macrophages. To overcome these compensatory mechanisms, we used a pharmacological approach to inhibit arginase. Treatment of established tumors with the arginase inhibitor CB-1158 exhibited further increased CD8+ T cell infiltration, beyond that seen with the macrophage-specific knockout, and sensitized the tumors to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint blockade. Our data demonstrate that Arg1 drives immune suppression in pancreatic cancer by depleting arginine and inhibiting T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Menjivar
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Zeribe C Nwosu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Wenting Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Katelyn L Donahue
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Department of Immunology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Carlos Espinoza
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Kristee Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Ashley Velez-Delgado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Fatima Lima
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Allison Bischoff
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Department of Immunology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | | | | | - Filip Bednar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Eileen Carpenter
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterolog, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterolog, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Henry Ford Pancreatic Cancer CenterDetroitUnited States
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
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7
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Sha M, Ding ZQ, Hong HS, Nie K, Lin XC, Shao JC, Song W, Kang LQ. [Soft tissue reconstruction strategy for sacral tumor resection]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:1085-1092. [PMID: 36480876 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20220519-00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical strategy and effect of soft tissue reconstruction after sacral tumor resection in different planes. Methods: The data of 27 consecutive patients who underwent primary or secondary sacral tumor resection and soft tissue reconstruction from June 2012 to June 2021 at Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University (the 909th Hospital) were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 males and 16 females, aged (M(IQR)) (46.2±23.6) years (range: 16 to 72 years). Sacrospinous muscle, gluteus maximus and vertical rectus abdominis muscle flap were selected for soft tissue reconstruction according to the tumor site and the size of tissue defect. the postoperative follow-up was performed. The operative methods, intraoperative conditions, complications and disease outcomes were summarized. Results: Among the 27 patients with sacral tumor, the tumor plane was located in S1 in 8 cases, S2 in 5 cases and S3 or below in 14 cases. There were 12 patients with tumor volume≤400 cm3 and 15 patients with tumor volume>400 cm3. Operation time was 100(90) minutes (range: 70 to 610 minutes), intraoperative blood loss was 800(1 600) ml (range: 400 to 6 500 ml). Soft tissue reconstruction was performed by transabdominal rectus abdominis transfer repair in 2 cases, extraperitoneal rectus abdominis transfer repair in 1 case, gluteus maximus transfer repair in 5 cases, gluteus maximus advancement repair in 13 cases, and sacrospinous muscle transfer repair in 6 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 cases, including 1 case of incision infection, 4 cases of skin border necrosis, and 1 case of delayed infection due to fracture of internal fixator 3 years after operation, all of them were cured. The follow-up time was (35±21) months. Among the patients, 6 patients had recurrence, 2 patients with Ewing sarcoma died of lung metastasis 1 year after operation, 4 patients with metastatic cancer died of primary disease, and the remaining patients survived without disease. Conclusion: Choosing different soft tissue reconstruction strategies according to sacral tumor location and tissue defect size can effectively fill the dead space after sacral tumor resection, reduce postoperative complications and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sha
- Orthopedic Center of People's Liberation Army, the 909th Hospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Z Q Ding
- Orthopedic Center of People's Liberation Army, the 909th Hospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - H S Hong
- Orthopedic Center of People's Liberation Army, the 909th Hospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - K Nie
- Department of General Surgery, the 909th Hospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - X C Lin
- Department of Urology, the 909th Hospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - J C Shao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the 909th Hospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - W Song
- Orthopedic Center of People's Liberation Army, the 909th Hospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - L Q Kang
- Orthopedic Center of People's Liberation Army, the 909th Hospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
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8
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Hong HS, Mbah NE, Shan M, Loesel K, Lin L, Sajjakulnukit P, Correa LO, Andren A, Lin J, Hayashi A, Magnuson B, Chen J, Li Z, Xie Y, Zhang L, Goldstein DR, Carty SA, Lei YL, Opipari AW, Argüello RJ, Kryczek I, Kamada N, Zou W, Franchi L, Lyssiotis CA. OXPHOS promotes apoptotic resistance and cellular persistence in T H17 cells in the periphery and tumor microenvironment. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm8182. [PMID: 36399539 PMCID: PMC9853437 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell proliferation and cytokine production are bioenergetically and biosynthetically costly. The inability to meet these metabolic demands results in altered differentiation, accompanied by impaired effector function, and attrition of the immune response. Interleukin-17-producing CD4 T cells (TH17s) are mediators of host defense, autoimmunity, and antitumor immunity in the setting of adoptive T cell therapy. TH17s are long-lived cells that require mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for effector function in vivo. Considering that TH17s polarized under standardized culture conditions are predominately glycolytic, little is known about how OXPHOS regulates TH17 processes, such as their ability to persist and thus contribute to protracted immune responses. Here, we modified standardized culture medium and identified a culture system that reliably induces OXPHOS dependence in TH17s. We found that TH17s cultured under OXPHOS conditions metabolically resembled their in vivo counterparts, whereas glycolytic cultures were dissimilar. OXPHOS TH17s exhibited increased mitochondrial fitness, glutamine anaplerosis, and an antiapoptotic phenotype marked by high BCL-XL and low BIM. Limited mitophagy, mediated by mitochondrial fusion regulator OPA-1, was critical to apoptotic resistance in OXPHOS TH17s. By contrast, glycolytic TH17s exhibited more mitophagy and an imbalance in BCL-XL to BIM, thereby priming them for apoptosis. In addition, through adoptive transfer experiments, we demonstrated that OXPHOS protected TH17s from apoptosis while enhancing their persistence in the periphery and tumor microenvironment in a murine model of melanoma. Together, our work demonstrates how metabolism regulates TH17 cell fate and highlights the potential for therapies that target OXPHOS in TH17-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna S. Hong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nneka E. Mbah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mengrou Shan
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kristen Loesel
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Luis O. Correa
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jason Lin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brian Magnuson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Judy Chen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zhaoheng Li
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Institute of Gerontology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shannon A. Carty
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yu Leo Lei
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anthony W. Opipari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rafael J. Argüello
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Luigi Franchi
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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9
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Geng X, Wang C, Gao X, Chowdhury P, Weiss J, Villegas JA, Saed B, Perera T, Hu Y, Reneau J, Sverdlov M, Wolfe A, Brown N, Harms P, Bailey NG, Inamdar K, Hristov AC, Tejasvi T, Montes J, Barrionuevo C, Taxa L, Casavilca S, de Pádua Covas Lage JLA, Culler HF, Pereira J, Runge JS, Qin T, Tsoi LC, Hong HS, Zhang L, Lyssiotis CA, Ohe R, Toubai T, Zevallos-Morales A, Murga-Zamalloa C, Wilcox RA. GATA-3 is a proto-oncogene in T-cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:149. [PMID: 36329027 PMCID: PMC9633835 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms originating from thymic T-cell progenitors and post-thymic mature T-cell subsets account for a minority of lymphoproliferative neoplasms. These T-cell derived neoplasms, while molecularly and genetically heterogeneous, exploit transcription factors and signaling pathways that are critically important in normal T-cell biology, including those implicated in antigen-, costimulatory-, and cytokine-receptor signaling. The transcription factor GATA-3 regulates the growth and proliferation of both immature and mature T cells and has recently been implicated in T-cell neoplasms, including the most common mature T-cell lymphoma observed in much of the Western world. Here we show that GATA-3 is a proto-oncogene across the spectrum of T-cell neoplasms, including those derived from T-cell progenitors and their mature progeny, and further define the transcriptional programs that are GATA-3 dependent, which include therapeutically targetable gene products. The discovery that p300-dependent acetylation regulates GATA-3 mediated transcription by attenuating DNA binding has novel therapeutic implications. As most patients afflicted with GATA-3 driven T-cell neoplasms will succumb to their disease within a few years of diagnosis, these findings suggest opportunities to improve outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Geng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pinki Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Dayton Children's Hospital, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - José A Villegas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Badeia Saed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thilini Perera
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Reneau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley Wolfe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noah Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nathanael G Bailey
- Division of Hematopathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kedar Inamdar
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra C Hristov
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Trilokraj Tejasvi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaime Montes
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Barrionuevo
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Taxa
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | - Sandro Casavilca
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | - J Luís Alberto de Pádua Covas Lage
- Department of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 31 in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hebert Fabrício Culler
- Department of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 31 in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Department of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas and Histiocytic Disorders, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - John S Runge
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rintaro Ohe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Toubai
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Yamagata University of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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10
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Halbrook CJ, Thurston G, Boyer S, Anaraki C, Jiménez JA, McCarthy A, Steele NG, Kerk SA, Hong HS, Lin L, Law FV, Felton C, Scipioni L, Sajjakulnukit P, Andren A, Beutel AK, Singh R, Nelson BS, Van Den Bergh F, Krall AS, Mullen PJ, Zhang L, Batra S, Morton JP, Stanger BZ, Christofk HR, Digman MA, Beard DA, Viale A, Zhang J, Crawford HC, Pasca di Magliano M, Jorgensen C, Lyssiotis CA. Differential integrated stress response and asparagine production drive symbiosis and therapy resistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Nat Cancer 2022; 3:1386-1403. [PMID: 36411320 PMCID: PMC9701142 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic tumor microenvironment drives deregulated nutrient availability. Accordingly, pancreatic cancer cells require metabolic adaptations to survive and proliferate. Pancreatic cancer subtypes have been characterized by transcriptional and functional differences, with subtypes reported to exist within the same tumor. However, it remains unclear if this diversity extends to metabolic programming. Here, using metabolomic profiling and functional interrogation of metabolic dependencies, we identify two distinct metabolic subclasses among neoplastic populations within individual human and mouse tumors. Furthermore, these populations are poised for metabolic cross-talk, and in examining this, we find an unexpected role for asparagine supporting proliferation during limited respiration. Constitutive GCN2 activation permits ATF4 signaling in one subtype, driving excess asparagine production. Asparagine release provides resistance during impaired respiration, enabling symbiosis. Functionally, availability of exogenous asparagine during limited respiration indirectly supports maintenance of aspartate pools, a rate-limiting biosynthetic precursor. Conversely, depletion of extracellular asparagine with PEG-asparaginase sensitizes tumors to mitochondrial targeting with phenformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- University of California Irvine Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Galloway Thurston
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Seth Boyer
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cecily Anaraki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jiménez
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy McCarthy
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nina G Steele
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Samuel A Kerk
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fiona V Law
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Felton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lorenzo Scipioni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alica K Beutel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rima Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara S Nelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fran Van Den Bergh
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abigail S Krall
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Mullen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Batra
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ji Zhang
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claus Jorgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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11
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Haggadone MD, Speth J, Hong HS, Penke LR, Zhang E, Lyssiotis CA, Peters-Golden M. ATP citrate lyase links increases in glycolysis to diminished release of vesicular suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 by alveolar macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166458. [PMID: 35700791 PMCID: PMC9940702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important vectors for intercellular communication. Lung-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) tonically secrete EVs containing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a cytosolic protein that promotes homeostasis in the distal lung via its actions in recipient neighboring epithelial cells. AMs are metabolically distinct and exhibit low levels of glycolysis at steady state. To our knowledge, whether cellular metabolism influences the packaging and release of an EV cargo molecule has never been explored in any cellular context. Here, we report that increases in glycolysis following in vitro exposure of AMs to the growth and activating factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibit the release of vesicular SOCS3 by primary AMs. Glycolytically diminished SOCS3 secretion requires export of citrate from the mitochondria to the cytosol and its subsequent conversion to acetyl-CoA by ATP citrate lyase. Our data for the first time implicate perturbations in intracellular metabolites in the regulation of vesicular cargo packaging and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel D Haggadone
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Speth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809, USA
| | - Loka R Penke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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12
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Sanidad KZ, Amir M, Ananthanarayanan A, Singaraju A, Shiland NB, Hong HS, Kamada N, Inohara N, Núñez G, Zeng MY. Maternal gut microbiome-induced IgG regulates neonatal gut microbiome and immunity. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabh3816. [PMID: 35687695 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome elicits antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) at steady state that cross-reacts to pathogens to confer protection against systemic infection. The role of gut microbiome-specific IgG antibodies in the development of the gut microbiome and immunity against enteric pathogens in early life, however, remains largely undefined. In this study, we show that gut microbiome-induced maternal IgG is transferred to the neonatal intestine through maternal milk via the neonatal Fc receptor and directly inhibits Citrobacter rodentium colonization and attachment to the mucosa. Enhanced neonatal immunity against oral C. rodentium infection was observed after maternal immunization with a gut microbiome-derived IgG antigen, outer membrane protein A, or induction of IgG-inducing gut bacteria. Furthermore, by generating a gene-targeted mouse model with complete IgG deficiency, we demonstrate that IgG knockout neonates are more susceptible to C. rodentium infection and exhibit alterations of the gut microbiome that promote differentiation of interleukin-17A-producing γδ T cells in the intestine, which persist into adulthood and contribute to increased disease severity in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of colitis. Together, our studies have defined a critical role for maternal gut microbiome-specific IgG antibodies in promoting immunity against enteric pathogens and shaping the development of the gut microbiome and immune cells in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Z Sanidad
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aparna Ananthanarayanan
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anvita Singaraju
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas B Shiland
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melody Y Zeng
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Abstract
The metabolic charts memorized in early biochemistry courses, and then later forgotten, have come back to haunt many immunologists with new recognition of the importance of these pathways. Metabolites and the activity of metabolic pathways drive energy production, macromolecule synthesis, intracellular signalling, post-translational modifications and cell survival. Immunologists who identify a metabolic phenotype in their system are often left wondering where to begin and what does it mean? Here, we provide a framework for navigating and selecting the appropriate biochemical techniques to explore immunometabolism. We offer recommendations for initial approaches to develop and test metabolic hypotheses and how to avoid common mistakes. We then discuss how to take things to the next level with metabolomic approaches, such as isotope tracing and genetic approaches. By proposing strategies and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies, we aim to provide insight, note important considerations and discuss ways to avoid common misconceptions. Furthermore, we highlight recent studies demonstrating the power of these metabolic approaches to uncover the role of metabolism in immunology. By following the framework in this Review, neophytes and seasoned investigators alike can venture into the emerging realm of cellular metabolism and immunity with confidence and rigour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Voss
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Audley J, Gliniewicz EF, Zarember KA, Hong HS, Wald G, Kuhns DB, Kang E, Malech HL, Suffredini AF, Noveck RJ, Dinubile MJ, Levinson SL, Stossel TP, Gallin JI. Low Plasma Gelsolin Concentrations in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Inflammation 2021; 44:270-277. [PMID: 32886268 PMCID: PMC10825630 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is the secreted isoform of an intracellular actin remodeling protein found in high concentrations in human plasma. Clinical studies demonstrate reduced pGSN concentrations in several disease states, including severe trauma, burns, and sepsis. Markedly decreased pGSN concentrations in these conditions precede and predict adverse clinical outcomes. In this study, we measured pGSN in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and dysregulated inflammation. pGSN was quantified using a sandwich ELISA in plasma from healthy volunteers, clinically stable CGD patients, and X-linked CGD carriers and in sera from 12 CGD patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. pGSN was also quantified in healthy volunteers challenged with intravenous endotoxin. pGSN concentrations were lower in CGD patients without active infection or systemic inflammation compared with healthy control subjects. In CGD patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, pGSN concentrations increased significantly following successful transplant. X-linked carriers of CGD had normal pGSN. Despite reduction of pGSN in CGD patients, we did not detect significant changes in pGSN over 24 h following challenge of healthy volunteers with intravenous endotoxin (4 ng/kg) that elicited a febrile response. We describe, for the first time, significantly lower pGSN in clinically stable patients with CGD compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Low pGSN levels in CGD patients significantly increased following bone marrow transplantation. X-linked carriers of CGD had normal pGSN. In healthy volunteers challenged with intravenous endotoxin, pGSN is not an acute phase reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Audley
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily F Gliniewicz
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kol A Zarember
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gal Wald
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony F Suffredini
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Noveck
- Duke Clinical Research Unit, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - John I Gallin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Halbrook CJ, Pontious C, Kovalenko I, Lapienyte L, Dreyer S, Lee HJ, Thurston G, Zhang Y, Lazarus J, Sajjakulnukit P, Hong HS, Kremer DM, Nelson BS, Kemp S, Zhang L, Chang D, Biankin A, Shi J, Frankel TL, Crawford HC, Morton JP, Pasca di Magliano M, Lyssiotis CA. Macrophage-Released Pyrimidines Inhibit Gemcitabine Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1390-1399.e6. [PMID: 30827862 PMCID: PMC6602533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by abundant infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs have been reported to drive resistance to gemcitabine, a frontline chemotherapy in PDA, though the mechanism of this resistance remains unclear. Profiling metabolite exchange, we demonstrate that macrophages programmed by PDA cells release a spectrum of pyrimidine species. These include deoxycytidine, which inhibits gemcitabine through molecular competition at the level of drug uptake and metabolism. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological depletion of TAMs in murine models of PDA sensitizes these tumors to gemcitabine. Consistent with this, patients with low macrophage burden demonstrate superior response to gemcitabine treatment. Together, these findings provide insights into the role of macrophages in pancreatic cancer therapy and have potential to inform the design of future treatments. Additionally, we report that pyrimidine release is a general function of alternatively activated macrophage cells, suggesting an unknown physiological role of pyrimidine exchange by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Corbin Pontious
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Stephan Dreyer
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Galloway Thurston
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jenny Lazarus
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel M Kremer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barbara S Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samantha Kemp
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David Chang
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Andrew Biankin
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Timothy L Frankel
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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Eberhard JM, Ahmad F, Hong HS, Bhatnagar N, Keudel P, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Schmidt RE, Meyer-Olson D. Partial recovery of senescence and differentiation disturbances in CD8 + T cell effector-memory cells in HIV-1 infection after initiation of anti-retroviral treatment. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:227-238. [PMID: 27377704 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune senescence as well as disturbed CD8+ T cell differentiation are a hallmark of chronic HIV infection. Here, we investigated to what extent immune senescence is reversible after initiation of anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a cohort of HIV patients with different disease courses, including untreated viral controllers (n = 10), viral non-controllers (n = 16) and patients on ART (n = 20), were analysed and compared to uninfected controls (n = 25) by flow cytometry on bulk and HIV-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I tetramer+ CD8+ T cells for expression of the memory markers CCR7 and CD45RO, as well as the senescence marker CD57 and the differentiation and survival marker CD127. Furthermore, a subset of patients was analysed longitudinally before and after initiation of ART. Frequencies of CD57+ CD8+ T cells decreased after initiation of ART in central memory (Tcm) but not in effector memory T cell populations (TemRO and TemRA). The frequency of CD127+ CD8+ cells increased in Tcm and TemRO. We observed a reduction of CD127- T cells in Tcm, TemRO and partially in TemRA subsets after initiation of ART. Importantly, HIV-specific CD8+ TemRO cells predominantly displayed a CD127- CD57+ phenotype in untreated HIV-patients, whereas the CD127+ CD57- phenotype was under-represented in these patients. The frequency of the CD127+ CD57- CD8+ T cell subpopulation correlated strongly with absolute CD4+ counts in HIV-infected patients before and after initiation of ART. These findings can be interpreted as a phenotypical correlate of CD8+ memory T cell differentiation and the premature 'ageing' of the immune system, which was even observed in successfully virally suppressed HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Eberhard
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany. .,Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - F Ahmad
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - H S Hong
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA, USA
| | - N Bhatnagar
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Unit of Cytokines and Inflammation, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - P Keudel
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Schulze Zur Wiesch
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZIF German Center for Infection-Partner Sites Hamburg, Hannover, Germany
| | - R E Schmidt
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,DZIF German Center for Infection-Partner Sites Hamburg, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Meyer-Olson
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 420-767, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Hong
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 420-767, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Jeong SH, Hong HS, Kwak JJ, Lee EH. Analysis of RAS mutation and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements in follicular-derived thyroid neoplasms in a Korean population: frequency and ultrasound findings. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:849-57. [PMID: 25999051 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency and ultrasonography (US) findings of RAS mutations and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements between follicular thyroid adenomas (FTAs) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) in a Korean population. METHODS RAS mutations and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements in 56 FTAs and 35 FTCs were analyzed. We also analyzed the US findings of FTCs and FTAs. RESULTS 16 nodules of 35 FTCs (45.7 %) and 19 nodules of 56 FTAs (33.9 %) harbored RAS mutations. Three FTCs and three FTAs showed two point mutations simultaneously. K-RAS codon 12-13 (n = 6, 31.6 %), N-RAS codon 61 (n = 5, 26.3 %), H-RAS codon 61 (n = 4, 21.1 %), K-RAS codon 61 (n = 3, 15.8 %), and N-RAS codon 12-13 (n = 1, 5.3 %) were found in FTCs, and N-RAS codon 61 (n = 10, 45 %), K-RAS codon 12-13 (n = 5, 22.7 %), H-RAS codon 61 (n = 5, 22.7 %), K-RAS codon 61 (n = 1, 4.5 %), and N-RAS codon 12-13 (n = 1, 4.5 %) were observed in FTAs. 4 of 56 (7.1 %) FTAs and 1 of 35 (2.9 %) FTCs represented PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements, respectively (P = 0.645). The absence of a hypoechoic rim (P = 0.021) and presence of calcifications (P = 0.049) were significantly associated with FTCs compared with FTAs. CONCLUSIONS RAS mutation frequency targeting the Korean population showed a 45.7 % in FTCs and 35.7 % in FTAs, and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements were more frequently showed in FTAs. K-RAS codon 12-13 was the most common RAS mutation in FTCs, whereas N-RAS codon 61 was more frequent in FTAs. The presence of calcifications and absence of a hypoechoic rim showed more frequently in FTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-767, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kim H, Hong HS, Park J, Lee AL. Intracranial Migration of Intravitreal Silicone Oil: A Case Report. Clin Neuroradiol 2015; 26:93-5. [PMID: 25722020 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-015-0379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, 420-767, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Korea
| | - H S Hong
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, 420-767, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Korea.
| | - J Park
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, 420-767, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Korea
| | - A L Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, 420-767, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Korea
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20
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Zhu XQ, Hong HS, Lin XH, Chen LL, Li YH. Changes in cardiac aldosterone and its synthase in rats with chronic heart failure: an intervention study of long-term treatment with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:646-54. [PMID: 25014176 PMCID: PMC4165291 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physiological mechanisms involved in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced chronic heart
failure (CHF) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated local changes
in cardiac aldosterone and its synthase in rats with ISO-induced CHF, and evaluated
the effects of treatment with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP).
Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 different groups. Fifty rats received
subcutaneous ISO injections to induce CHF and the control group (n=10) received equal
volumes of saline. After establishing the rat model, 9 CHF rats received no further
treatment, rats in the low-dose group (n=8) received 22.5 μg/kg rhBNP and those in
the high-dose group (n=8) received 45 μg/kg rhBNP daily for 1 month. Cardiac function
was assessed by echocardiographic and hemodynamic analysis. Collagen volume fraction
(CVF) was determined. Plasma and myocardial aldosterone concentrations were
determined using radioimmunoassay. Myocardial aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) was
detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Cardiac function was significantly lower in
the CHF group than in the control group (P<0.01), whereas CVF, plasma and
myocardial aldosterone, and CYP11B2 transcription were significantly higher than in
the control group (P<0.05). Low and high doses of rhBNP significantly improved
hemodynamics (P<0.01) and cardiac function (P<0.05) and reduced CVF, plasma and
myocardial aldosterone, and CYP11B2 transcription (P<0.05). There were no
significant differences between the rhBNP dose groups (P>0.05). Elevated cardiac
aldosterone and upregulation of aldosterone synthase expression were detected in rats
with ISO-induced CHF. Administration of rhBNP improved hemodynamics and ventricular
remodeling and reduced myocardial fibrosis, possibly by downregulating CYP11B2
transcription and reducing myocardial aldosterone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Zhu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - H S Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X H Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L L Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Y H Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China
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21
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Oh YJ, Yang I, Yoon DY, Cho SJ, Lee Y, Woo JY, Jung AY, Hong HS, Jeh SK. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the neck. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013; 42:31808012. [PMID: 23230139 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/31808012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant soft-tissue tumour that is typically in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremity. The tumour is usually a well-defined, multinodular soft-tissue mass without calcifications. A 62-year-old woman with a history of nasopharyngeal cancer presented with a palpable mass in the anterior neck. Radiologically, the lesion was a well-defined soft-tissue mass with the extensive calcifications on various imaging examinations. Although this lesion was histopathologically diagnosed as extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, the unusual imaging findings were challenging and very intriguing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Oh
- Department of Radiology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Kim
- Departments of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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23
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Billingsley JM, Rajakumar PA, Salisch NC, Kuzmichev YV, Hong HS, Connole MA, Reeves RK, Kang H, Li W, Johnson RP. Maturation of protective immunity induced by SIVΔnef correlates with differential expression of transcription factors in SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441477 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Go HS, Hong HS, Kim JW, Woo JY. CT appearance of primary peritoneal serous borderline tumour: a rare epithelial tumour of the peritoneum. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:e22-5. [PMID: 22190758 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/26458228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary peritoneal serous borderline tumour (PPSBT) is a rare epithelial neoplasm which is histologically identical to serous borderline tumour of the ovary. PPSBT is distinguishable from primary peritoneal serous carcinoma because the tumour cells do not invade the underlying tissue and affected patients have a good prognosis. We report the CT findings of surgically proven PPSBT in which multiple peritoneal cysts were seen. Although rare, PPSBT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary peritoneal tumours. Since the prognosis of the disease is good, conservation of the uterus and ovaries should be a consideration in young female patients during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Go
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Hong HS, Byun JH, Won HJ, Kim KW, Lee SS, Lee MG, Yun SC. Characterization of liver metastases: the efficacy of biphasic magnetic resonance imaging with ferucarbotran-enhancement. Clin Radiol 2010; 65:701-7. [PMID: 20696297 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of biphasic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver with ferucarbotran-enhancement for the characterization of hepatic metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients underwent MRI of the liver with separate acquisition of double-contrast enhancement consisting of gadolinium and ferucarbotran. A total of 106 focal hepatic lesions (51 metastases, 31 cysts, 23 haemangiomas, and one eosinophilic abscess) were included. Two sets of MRI were analysed: (1) ferucarbotran set: ferucarbotran-enhanced T1-weighted (T1W) dynamic imaging combined with ferucarbotran-enhanced T2*-weighted (T2*W) delayed imaging and (2) double set: gadolinium-enhanced T1W dynamic imaging combined with ferucarbotran-enhanced T2*W delayed imaging. The diagnostic accuracy of the two sets was evaluated using alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were compared using the McNemar test. The enhancement pattern of focal hepatic lesions was analysed on gadolinium and ferucarbotran-enhanced T1W dynamic imaging. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the accuracy of characterizing hepatic metastases between the two sets. Sensitivity and specificity were not significantly different between the sets (p>0.05). Peripheral rim enhancement was exhibited in 57% of metastatic lesions on ferucarbotran-enhanced T1W dynamic imaging. The majority (96%) of hepatic haemangiomas demonstrated typical peripheral nodular enhancement with progression on ferucarbotran-enhanced T1W dynamic imaging and were easily differentiated from metastases. CONCLUSION Biphasic MRI of the liver with ferucarbotran-enhancement alone provided comparable diagnostic efficacy to double-contrast MRI for the characterization of hepatic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hong
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Hong HS, Yi BH, Cha JG, Park SJ, Kim DH, Lee HK, Lee JD. Enhancement pattern of the normal facial nerve at 3.0 T temporal MRI. Br J Radiol 2010; 83:118-21. [PMID: 19546177 PMCID: PMC3473534 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/70067143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the enhancement pattern of the normal facial nerve at 3.0 T temporal MRI. We reviewed the medical records of 20 patients and evaluated 40 clinically normal facial nerves demonstrated by 3.0 T temporal MRI. The grade of enhancement of the facial nerve was visually scaled from 0 to 3. The patients comprised 11 men and 9 women, and the mean age was 39.7 years. The reasons for the MRI were sudden hearing loss (11 patients), Méniàre's disease (6) and tinnitus (7). Temporal MR scans were obtained by fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain; three-dimensional (3D) fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) images of the temporal bone with a 0.77 mm thickness, and pre-contrast and contrast-enhanced 3D spoiled gradient record acquisition in the steady state (SPGR) of the temporal bone with a 1 mm thickness, were obtained with 3.0 T MR scanning. 40 nerves (100%) were visibly enhanced along at least one segment of the facial nerve. The enhanced segments included the geniculate ganglion (77.5%), tympanic segment (37.5%) and mastoid segment (100%). Even the facial nerve in the internal auditory canal (15%) and labyrinthine segments (5%) showed mild enhancement. The use of high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (with 3 T MRI), thin-section contrast-enhanced 3D SPGR sequences showed enhancement of the normal facial nerve along the whole course of the nerve; however, only mild enhancement was observed in areas associated with acute neuritis, namely the canalicular and labyrinthine segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hong
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, South Korea.
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Luo YR, Tian Y, Huang X, Yan CL, Hong HS, Lin GH, Zheng TL. Analysis of community structure of a microbial consortium capable of degrading benzo(a)pyrene by DGGE. Mar Pollut Bull 2009; 58:1159-1163. [PMID: 19409577 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A microbial consortium was obtained by enrichment culture of sea water samples collected from Botan oil port in Xiamen, China, using the persistent high concentration of a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons enrichment strategy. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to investigate the bacterial composition and community dynamic changes based on PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes during batch culture enrichment. Using the spray-plate method, three bacteria, designated as BL01, BL02 and BL03, which corresponded to the dominant bands in the DGGE profiles, were isolated from the consortium. Sequence analysis showed that BL01, BL02 and BL03 were phylogenetically close to Ochrobactrum sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively. The degradation of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW PAH) compound was investigated using individual isolates, a mixture of the three isolates, and the microbial consortium (BL) originally isolated from the oil port sea water. Results showed that the order of degradative ability was BL>the mixture of the three isolates>individual isolates. BL degraded 44.07% of the 10 ppm BaP after 14 days incubation, which showed the highest capability for HMW PAH compound degradation.Our results revealed that this high selective pressure strategy was feasible and effective in enriching the HMW PAH-degraders from the original sea water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Y Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - X Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - C L Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - H S Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - G H Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - T L Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Lee YW, Kim SC, Shin YL, Kim JW, Hong HS, Lee YK, Ki CS. Clinical and genetic analysis of the CHD7 gene in Korean patients with CHARGE syndrome. Clin Genet 2009; 75:290-3. [PMID: 19159393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lin
- Vulval Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hong HS, Ha HK, Won HJ, Byun JH, Shin YM, Kim AY, Kim PN, Lee MG, Lee GH, Kim MJ. Gastric schwannomas: radiological features with endoscopic and pathological correlation. Clin Radiol 2008; 63:536-42. [PMID: 18374717 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2007.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the radiological, endoscopic, and pathological findings of gastric schwannomas in 16 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The radiological, endoscopic, and pathological findings of 16 surgically proven cases of gastric schwannoma were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and four patients were evaluated with upper gastrointestinal series. Two radiologists reviewed the CT and upper gastrointestinal series images by consensus with regard to tumour size, contour, margin, and growth pattern, the presence or absence of ulcer, cystic change, and the CT enhancement pattern. Endoscopy was performed in eight of these 16 patients. Six patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography. Pathological specimens were obtained from and reviewed in all 16 patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed for c-kit, CD34, smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein. RESULTS On radiographic examination, gastric schwannomas appeared as submucosal tumours with the CT features of well-demarcated, homogeneous, and uncommonly ulcerated masses. Endoscopy with endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated homogeneous, submucosal masses contiguous with the muscularis propria in all six examined cases. On pathological examination, gastric schwannomas appeared as well-circumscribed and homogeneous tumours in the muscularis propria and consisted microscopically of interlacing bundles of spindle cells. Strong positivity for S-100 protein was demonstrated in all 16 cases on immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION Gastric schwannomas appear as submucosal tumours of the stomach and have well-demarcated and homogeneous features on CT, endoscopic ultrasonography, and gross pathology. Immunohistochemistry consistently reveals positivity for S-100 protein in the tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hong
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Abstract
The rapid dissemination of multidetector-row computed tomographic (CT) technology will make faster and more accurate gastric imagining available. Two-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction and CT gastrography including virtual gastroscopy and transparency rendering using volume rendering are types of interactive two- and three-dimensional medical imaging tools. It provides multiplanar cross-sectional imaging, gastroscopic viewing, and upper gastrointestinal series imaging in the same data acquisition. Two-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction provides accurate staging of gastric cancer and extraluminal information such as lymphadenopathy and distant metastasis. Virtual gastroscopy detects subtle mucosal changes and differentiates them from submucosal lesions in the same way as gastroscopy. Transparency rendering provides global orientation of the focal findings in the stomach in the same way as upper gastrointestinal series findings and provides useful information for preoperative mapping. Thus, CT gastrography is a promising method for evaluating gastric lesion despite its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 657 Hannam-Dong, Youngsan-Ku, Seoul 140-743, Korea.
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Abstract
Iodide mumps, swelling of salivary glands after contrast medium injection, is a rare adverse reaction. We present a case in a 73-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer. About 10 min after a CT scan performed with intravenous injection of 140 ml of the low osmolality contrast agent Ioxaglate (Hexabrix 320, Guerbet, France), he complained of progressive swelling of the submandibular area. Ultrasound showed diffuse swelling and internal low echoic thick septa in the submandibular glands bilaterally. Approximately 1 h afterwards, the swelling of his submandibular glands started to regress and returned to normal within a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-shi Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Zheng TL, Su JQ, Maskaoui K, Yu ZM, Hu Z, Xu JS, Hong HS. Microbial modulation in the biomass and toxin production of a red-tide causing alga. Mar Pollut Bull 2005; 51:1018-25. [PMID: 16291201 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of S10, a strain of marine bacteria isolated from sediment in the Western Xiamen Sea, on the growth and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) production in the alga Alexandrium tamarense (A. tamarense) was studied under controlled experimental conditions. The results of these experiments have shown that the growth of A. tamarense is obviously inhibited by S10 at high concentrations, however no evident effect on its growth was observed at low concentrations. Its PSP production was also inhibited by S10 at different concentrations, especially at low concentrations. The toxicity of this strain of A. tamarense is about (0.95-12.14) x 10(-6) MU/cell, a peak toxicity value of 12.14 x 10(-6) MU/cell appeared on the 14th day, after which levels decreased gradually. The alga grew well in conditions of pH 6-8 and salinities of 20-34 per thousand. The toxicity of the alga varied markedly at different pH and salinity levels. Toxicity decreased as pH increased, while it increased with salinity and reached a peak value at a salinity of 30 per thousand, after which it declined gradually. S10 at a concentration of 1.02 x 10(9) cells/ml inhibited growth and the PSP production of A. tamarense at different pH and salinity levels. S10 had the strongest inhibitory function on the growth of A. tamarense under conditions of pH 7 and a salinity of 34 per thousand. The best inhibitory effect on PSP production by A. tamarense was at pH 7, this inhibitory effect on PSP production did not relate to salinity. Interactions between marine bacteria and A. tamarense were also investigated using the flow cytometer technique (FCM) as well as direct microscope counting. S10 was identified as being a member of the genus Bacillus, the difference in 16S rDNA between S10 and Bacillus halmapalus was only 2%. The mechanism involved in the inhibition of growth and PSP production of A. tamarense by this strain of marine bacteria, and the prospect of using it and other marine bacteria in the bio-control of red-tides was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Abstract
Acute paronychia, the suppurative inflammation involving the paronychium of the nails, is usually caused by bacterial or fungal infection and has been rarely reported as a presentation of pemphigus vulgaris (PV). We report a woman with PV who presented with suppurative paronychia of multiple fingernails and toenails, which preceded the exacerbation of other mucocutaneous lesions. A biopsy specimen of the paronychium revealed suprabasal vesicles due to acantholysis. Systemic corticosteroids and adjuvant immunosuppressants were effective in treating mucocutaneous lesions as well as nail disease. We conclude that in patients with PV, acute paronychia could be a manifestation of the disease per se, rather than an infectious process. Only the precise diagnosis with adequate immunosuppressive treatment can lead to good control of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Zhang ZL, Hong HS, Zhou JL, Yu G. Phase association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Minjiang River Estuary, China. Sci Total Environ 2004; 323:71-86. [PMID: 15081718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2003] [Revised: 08/08/2003] [Accepted: 09/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxic effects. In this work the levels of 16 priority PAHs were determined in water, pore water, sediment, soil and vegetable samples from Minjiang River Estuary, China. Total PAH concentrations varied from 9.9 to 474 microg/l in water, 82.1 to 239 microg/l in pore water, 112 to 877 ng/g dry wt. in surficial sediments, 128 to 465 ng/g dry wt. in soil and 8600 to 111,000 ng/g dry wt. in Chinese vegetables. Overall, the mean concentrations of PAHs were present in higher levels in pore water than that in surface water, due possibly to higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon or colloids with which the hydrophobic pollutants were strongly associated. Such a concentration gradient implies a potential flux of pollutants from sediment pore water to overlying water. Contamination was dominated by high molecular mass PAH compounds in all samples, indicating combustion-derived sources (for example, pyrolysis at high temperature). The levels of PAHs in water and vegetable were relatively high in comparison to other studies, although PAHs in sediment and soil were comparable to those found in many other similar environments. The ratios of selected PAHs indicated again that PAHs in Minjiang River Estuary were mainly derived from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, POPs Research Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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36
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Park SJ, Lee HK, Hong HS, Kim HC, Kim DH, Park JS, Shin EJ. Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck in a girl: ultrasound and MR appearance. Br J Radiol 2004; 77:243-4. [PMID: 15020367 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/51474597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is a rare condition in females. A small evagination of parietal peritoneum forms the canal of Nuck. Failure of complete obliteration of the canal results in either an indirect inguinal hernia or a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. We present a case in a 7-year-old girl. On ultrasound, there was a comma-shaped cyst with the tail directed cranially toward the inguinal canal. The cyst had no internal echoes and demonstrated increased through transmission. Coronal and axial MR showed a thin walled cystic mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University, Womni-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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37
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Yang CH, Lee JC, Chen CH, Hui CY, Hong HS, Kuo HW. Photodynamic therapy for bowenoid papulosis using a novel incoherent light-emitting diode device. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:1297-9. [PMID: 14674917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Zhang ZL, Hong HS, Zhou JL, Huang J, Yu G. Fate and assessment of persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment from Minjiang River Estuary, Southeast China. Chemosphere 2003; 52:1423-1430. [PMID: 12867172 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine compounds were analyzed in surface water, porewater and surficial sediment samples from Minjiang River Estuary, which is the first large river in Fujian Province, Southeast of China. The total concentrations of 18 organochlorine pesticides were 214.4-1819, 4541-13,699 ng/l, 28.79-52.07 ng/g in surface water, porewater and sediments (dry weight) respectively, and those of 21 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the three phases were: 203.9-2473, 3192-10,855 ng/l, 15.14-57.93 ng/g respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of these selected organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in porewater were higher than those in surface water. It may be due to the fact that these organic hydrophobic pollutants tend to stay in the sediments, and then re-suspend from the sedimentary phase to the upper water. We have analyzed the distribution characteristics of individual organochlorine pesticide components and PCBs, and found that alpha-HCH, DDE, Heptachlor, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor were the most common organochlorine pesticides contaminants. Considering the groups of HCHs (HCHs=alpha-HCH+beta-HCH+gamma-HCH+delta-HCH) and DDTs (DDTs=DDT+DDD+DDE), the predominance of beta-HCH, DDE in all water, porewater and sediment samples was clearly observed. This observation suggested that beta-HCH was resistant to biodegradation and the DDTs had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD, of which DDE that was more un-degradable. The PCB congeners containing 3-6 chlorines had the great preponderance in the three phase. These results were compared with those present in other estuaries and harbors. A risk assessment was evaluated for the persistent organic pollutants in the Minjiang River Estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, POPs Research Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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39
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Hong HS, Hwang EM, Sim HJ, Cho HJ, Boo JH, Oh SS, Kim SU, Mook-Jung I. Interferon gamma stimulates beta-secretase expression and sAPPbeta production in astrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 307:922-7. [PMID: 12878199 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurons, but not astrocytes, are known as the major source of Abeta, because astrocytes express low levels of putative beta-secretase (BACE). Astrocytes near senile plaque cores show enhanced levels of BACE protein expression, however, suggesting that astrocytes can contribute to Abeta production under pathological conditions. To investigate factors that stimulate BACE protein expression in astrocytes, we tested the effects of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on BACE protein expression in U373MG astrocytoma cells and primary astrocyte cultures from Tg2576 mouse brains. BACE protein expression and sAPPbeta production were dramatically increased, without changes in holo APP levels, following IFN-gamma treatment in both cell types. AG490, which is a blocker of IFN-gamma-induced STAT signaling, decreased IFN-gamma-induced BACE protein expression and sAPPbeta production in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that astrocytes are capable of expressing BACE and producing sAPPbeta in response to certain stimulating factors, and IFN-gamma is one such factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hong
- Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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40
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Zhang ZL, Hong HS, Zhou JL, Yu G. Occurrence and behaviour of organophosphorus insecticides in the River Wuchuan, southeast China. J Environ Monit 2002; 4:498-504. [PMID: 12195990 DOI: 10.1039/b203852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are used worldwide, yet their persistence in the environment is not well understood. This paper summarises recent research on 17 OP insecticides in the River Wuchuan, an important catchment in China, by determining their concentrations in water, soil, sediment and plants by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). The concentrations of the total OP insecticides ranged from 92.77 to 229 ng l-1 in river water, 1.61 to 9.93 ng g-1 dry weight in soil, 1.24 to 7.56 ng g-1 dry weight in sediment and 75.28 to 326 ng g-1 dry weight in plants. There was a relatively high abundance of methamidophos, dichlorvos, malathion, omethoate and dimethoate in all water, soil, sediment and plant samples. On average, these five compounds collectively accounted for 64%, 71%, 71% and 54% of the total OP insecticide concentration in water, soil, sediment and plants, respectively, which was similar to the composition of OP insecticides in application formulations used in our study area and in China as a whole. The results therefore reflect the application pattern to some extent, and suggest that the sources of the OP insecticides are mainly from current usage. When compared with other areas, the levels of OP insecticides in the River Wuchuan were moderate. The animal and human risks from exposure to OP insecticides in water and plants were evaluated against relevant threshold values. The results therefore provide important information on the current contamination status of a key agricultural watershed in China, and point to the need for urgent action to control the use of some excessively applied and potentially persistent agrochemicals, such as methamidophos, omethoate and dimethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua POPs Research Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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41
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Ha SO, Kim JK, Hong HS, Kim DS, Cho HJ. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord and gracile nuclei in experimental models of neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2002; 107:301-9. [PMID: 11731104 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve and lumbar L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation provide animal models for pain syndromes accompanying peripheral nerve injury and disease. In the present study, we evaluated changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity in the rat L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and areas where afferents from the DRG terminates (the L4/5 spinal cord and gracile nuclei) in these experimental models of neuropathic pain. Chronic constriction injury induced significant increase in the percentage of small, medium and large BDNF-immunoreactive neurons in the ipsilateral L4 and L5 DRG. Following spinal nerve ligation, the percentage of large BDNF-immunoreactive neurons increased significantly, and that of small BDNF-immunoreactive neurons decreased markedly in the ipsilateral L5 DRG, while that of BDNF-immunoreactive L4 DRG neurons of all sizes showed marked increase. Both chronic constriction injury and spinal nerve ligation induced significant increase in the number of BDNF-immunoreactive axonal fibers in the superficial and deeper laminae of the L4/5 dorsal horn and the gracile nuclei on the ipsilateral side. Considering that BDNF may modulate nociceptive sensory inputs and that injection of antiserum to BDNF significantly reduces the sympathetic sprouting in the DRG and allodynic response following sciatic nerve injury, our results also may suggest that endogenous BDNF plays an important role in the induction of neuropathic pain after chronic constriction injury and spinal nerve ligation. In addition, the increase of BDNF in L4 DRG may contribute to evoked pain which is known to be mediated by input from intact afferent from L4 DRG following L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Ha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 2-101, Dong-in Dong, Taegu 700-422, South Korea
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Maskaoui K, Zhou JL, Hong HS, Zhang ZL. Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China. Environ Pollut 2002; 118:109-122. [PMID: 11996375 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in water, sediment and pore water of the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China. Total PAH concentrations varied from 6.96 to 26.9 microg/l in water, 59-1177 ng/ g dry weight in surficial sediments, and 158-949 microg/l in pore water. The PAHs were present in higher levels in pore water than in surface water, due possibly to higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon or colloids with which the hydrophobic pollutants were strongly associated. Such a concentration gradient implies a potential flux of pollutants from sediment pore water to overlying water. The levels of PAHs in water and pore water were significantly higher than those found in 1998, suggesting recent inputs of these compounds into the area and re-working of sediment phase. The composition pattern of PAHs in the three phases was dominated by high molecular weight PAHs, in particular 5-ring PAHs. The salinity profile of dissolved PAHs suggested that they all behaved non-conservatively due to deviation from the theoretical dilution line. No correlation was found between PAH concentrations in sediment and those in pore water, and the correlation between the partition coefficients of PAHs and sediment organic carbon content was not significant, suggesting the complexity of the partition behaviour of PAHs. As a result of high PAH concentrations in water and pore water, it is likely that they may have caused mortality to certain exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maskaoui
- Environmental Science Research Centre, Xiamen University, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, temporary tattoos instead of permanent tattoos have become popular worldwide. Although contact allergy to temporary henna tattoos appears to be rare in the past, it is progressively more commonly reported. PATIENTS Four Taiwanese patients of allergic contact dermatitis following application of temporary tattoos were patch tested and they were followed up for 1 year after treatment. RESULTS All four of the tested patients were positive to paraphenylenediamine. At 1-year follow-up, all four patients still showed various degrees of remnant hyperpigmentation on their previous tattooed areas. CONCLUSION Temporary tattoos may pose similar risks of allergic reactions associated with permanent tattoos. A high risk of prolonged post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after allergic contact dermatitis from temporary tattoos should also be alerted, especially in Asian skin type.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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45
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Kim H, Bang OY, Jung MW, Ha SD, Hong HS, Huh K, Kim SU, Mook-Jung I. Neuroprotective effects of estrogen against beta-amyloid toxicity are mediated by estrogen receptors in cultured neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett 2001; 302:58-62. [PMID: 11278111 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although estrogen is known to exert beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease, its underlying cellular mechanisms have not been clear. In this study we investigated whether or not neuroprotective effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs). Treatment of estrogen (1.8 nM) reduced beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced death of ER-expressing W4 cells. This effect of estrogen was blocked by a specific ER blocker ICI 182,780. When estrogen was treated to HT22 cells, which lack functional ERs, Abeta-induced cell death was not affected. Transfection of HT22 cells with human ERalpha, but not ERbeta, restored protective action of estrogen against Abeta. Hoechst staining revealed that estrogen protected ERalpha-expressing cells by blocking Abeta-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that estrogen blocks Abeta-induced cell death via ERalpha-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, 442-721, Suwon, South Korea
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46
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Mook-Jung I, Hong HS, Boo JH, Lee KH, Yun SH, Cheong MY, Joo I, Huh K, Jung MW. Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 improve spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice. J Neurosci Res 2001; 63:509-15. [PMID: 11241586 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cognition enhancing effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1. Mice were trained in a Morris water maze following injection (i.p.) of Rb1 (1 mg/kg) or Rg1 (1 mg/kg) for 4 days. Both Rb1- and Rg1-injected mice showed enhanced spatial learning compared to control animals. The hippocampus, but not the frontal cortex, of treated mice contained higher density of a synaptic marker protein, synaptophysin, compared to control mice. Electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices revealed that Rb1 or Rg1 injection did not change the magnitude of paired-pulse facilitation or long-term potentiation. Our results suggest that Rb1 and Rg1 enhance spatial learning ability by increasing hippocampal synaptic density without changing plasticity of individual synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mook-Jung
- Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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47
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Zhou JL, Maskaoui K, Qiu YW, Hong HS, Wang ZD. Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and organochlorine insecticides in the water column and sediments of Daya Bay, China. Environ Pollut 2001; 113:373-384. [PMID: 11428145 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Samples of sub-surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments collected from Daya Bay, China have been analysed for 12 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 18 organochlorine insecticides, using gas chromatography electron capture detection. Total PCB levels varied from 91.1 to 1355.3 ng l-1 in water and from 0.85 to 27.37 ng g-1 dry weight in sediments. The levels of total organochlorine insecticides were in the range 143.3-5104.8 ng l-1 in water and 2.43-86.25 ng g-1 dry weight in sediment. None of the target compounds were detected in SPM. The levels of total hexachlorocyclohexanes in water varied from 35.5 to 1228.6 ng l-1, whilst in sediments they ranged from 0.32 to 4.16 ng g-1 dry weight. For the sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), their levels were in the range 26.8-975.9 ng l-1 in water, and 0.14-20.27 ng g-1 dry weight in sediments. The distribution profiles of these contaminants in water and sediments suggest that there are a number of sources contributing to total contaminant burden in the bay, including soil runoffs, wastewater discharges, sewage outfalls and shipping activites. Ratios of DDT/(DDE + DDD) in the water and sediments indicate recent inputs of such chemicals into the day. The results, therefore, provide important information on the current contamination status of a key aquacultural area in China, and point to the need for urgent actions to stop the use of persistent agrochemicals such as DDT and lindane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Zhou
- Centre for Environmental Research, School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
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Hong HS, Han JK, Kim TK, Kim YH, Kim JS, Cha JH, Choi BI. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the gallbladder: comparison of fundamental, tissue harmonic, and pulse inversion harmonic imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2001; 20:35-41. [PMID: 11149526 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2001.20.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to compare pulse inversion harmonic imaging, tissue harmonic imaging, and fundamental imaging in the evaluation of normal and diseased gallbladder. Gallbladders in 170 patients were examined with fundamental imaging, tissue harmonic imaging, and pulse inversion harmonic imaging using a 2- to 5-MHz curved array transducer. Images were divided into normal and abnormal groups. The sharpness of the wall and degree of internal artifact were evaluated in normal groups, and lesion conspicuity and internal artifact were evaluated in abnormal groups. In images of both normal and abnormal gallbladder, significant differences were demonstrated among the 3 imaging methods (P < .001), and pulse inversion harmonic imaging provided the best image quality and the least artifact. Tissue harmonic imaging was the next best, providing better image quality and less artifact than fundamental imaging. In conclusion, pulse inversion harmonic imaging provided the best image quality and the least artifact among the 3 ultrasonographic methods in the evaluation of both normal and abnormal gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hong
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Chongno-gu, Korea
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Kim TK, Choi BI, Hong HS, Choi BY, Han JK. Improved imaging of hepatic metastases with delayed pulse inversion harmonic imaging using a contrast agent SH U 508A: preliminary study. Ultrasound Med Biol 2000; 26:1439-1444. [PMID: 11179618 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of delayed pulse-inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) with the SH U 508A to improve imaging of hepatic metastases, we evaluated 20 patients with known hepatic metastases. Conventional ultrasound (US) was performed before administration, and PIHI was performed 5 min after a bolus injection of 4 G of microbubble contrast agent (300 mg/mL of SH U 508A). Intense, homogeneous enhancement in the liver parenchyma was seen in all patients on delayed PIHI. In 10 patients (50%), 1 or more focal liver lesions that were not seen on unenhanced imaging were detected on delayed PIHI. When comparing 55 lesions that were seen on both techniques, delayed PIHI was superior to unenhanced imaging in terms of lesion conspicuity and lesion-to-liver contrast (p < 0.001, respectively). Delayed PIHI with SH U 508A can improve conspicuity of hepatic metastases and reveal focal liver lesions that are not detected on unenhanced imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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50
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Ha SO, Yoo HJ, Park SY, Hong HS, Kim DS, Cho HJ. Capsaicin effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 81:181-6. [PMID: 11000490 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of capsaicin systemically administered in adult rats, with the major focus on the expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and its mRNA in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord, has been investigated by means of immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions. The percentage of BDNF-immunoreactive neurons in the L5 DRG was found to increase significantly 1 day after capsaicin injection. Subsequently, it decreased slowly returning to near normal levels 1 week later. Four weeks post-injection, a significant reduction to below normal levels was observed. The temporal pattern of BDNF mRNA expression in the DRG was similar to BDNF-immunoreactivity. In the spinal cord, 1 and 3 days post-injection, no changes in the expression of the BDNF-immunoreactive axonal fibers was noted. However, the expression had decreased significantly after 1 and 4 weeks. The mechanism by which capsaicin induces changes in expression of BDNF in DRG neurons and the functional significance of the rapid increase in BDNF levels in the DRG is discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Ha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 2-101 Dongin Dong, Taegu 700-422, South Korea
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