1
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Liu X, Dong X, Chang S, Xu X, Li J, Pu H. Remediation of lead-contaminated groundwater by oyster shell powder-peanut shell biochar mixture. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:9599-9619. [PMID: 37776470 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution caused by lead ions has become a widespread issue worldwide due to the ever-increasing development of industrial activities. Such pollution poses significant threats to both humans and the environment. Oyster shell powder-peanut shell biochar mixture (OSP-PSB mixture) was used for lead-contaminated groundwater treatment by permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. Basic characteristics of materials proved that OSP-PSB mixture has good adsorption properties; OSP with particle sizes ranging from 0.85 to 1.18 mm was used in this research; according to engineering and adsorption characteristics, OSP-PSB mixture (5:1) showed excellent permeability (4.35 × 10-4 cm/s) and lead adsorption capacity(27 mg/g); long-term permeability of the OSP-PSB mixture slightly decreased over time and met the permeability requirements for PRB; the removal mechanisms of lead ions by OSP-PSB mixture include precipitation, surface complexation, ion exchange, and physical adsorption. The experiment results showed that the OSP-PSB mixture fulfills the actual project requirements of PRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Dong
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Shiqi Chang
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jiashi Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Hefu Pu
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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2
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Tan Y, Zhang P, Chen J, Shamet R, Hyun Nam B, Pu H. Predicting the hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil barriers in landfills using machine learning techniques. Waste Manag 2023; 157:357-366. [PMID: 36630884 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning models (MLMs) were developed to predict saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil barriers and help to identify appropriate soils for the construction of landfill liners and covers. Data from hydraulic conductivity tests on compacted soil barriers were collected from the literature and compiled into a database for MLM construction. The database contains 329 records of hydraulic conductivity tests associated with 12 selected impact factors covering physical properties, compaction efforts, and hydration and mineralogy behaviors of compacted soil barriers. Three machine learning algorithms (random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, and neural network) were used to develop MLMs, and a statistical technique (multiple linear regression) was used to compare the precision of predictions with the MLMs. Results from this study showed that the random forest model provided the best prediction of the hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil barriers, with 100% of predicted hydraulic conductivity within 100-time differences to measured hydraulic conductivity and 93% within 10-time differences. Feature importance analysis showed that void ratio after compaction, fines content, specific gravity, degree of saturation after compaction, and plasticity index of soils are the top-five factors (in descending order) that influence the hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil barriers and are recommended for a precise prediction. Three predictive MLMs were created for industries as simple tools to screen the soils prior to the construction of compacted soil barriers in landfill liners and covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Poyu Zhang
- Civil, Environ., & Const. Engineering, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jiannan Chen
- Civil, Environ., & Const. Engineering, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Ryan Shamet
- Civil Engineering, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Boo Hyun Nam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hefu Pu
- Civil and Hydraulic Engr., Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Liu J, Pu H, Li X, Zhao H, Xu S, Yang M, Bai S, Guo L, Zhao L, Li Y, Wang Y. 104P Camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy and apatinib as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A phase II single-arm, exploratory research. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Wang H, Zhang C, Jiang L, Tong S, Li YC, Pu H, Zhao Q. Straightforward preparation of Ca-bentonite/polymer nanocomposite by confining salt-resistant copolymers into montmorillonite interlayers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Li M, Flora P, Pu H, Bar C, Silva J, Cohen I, Galbo P, Liu H, Yu X, Jin J, Koseki H, D’Orazio J, Zheng D, Ezhkova E. 712 UV-induced reduction in polycomb repression promotes epidermal pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Wang Y, Chen X, Pu H, Yuan Y, Li S, Chen G, Liu Y, Li H. Roles of DWI and T2-weighted MRI volumetry in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion of stage IB-IIA cervical cancer. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:224-230. [PMID: 35000761 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging volumetry on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) could be used to assess lymph node metastases (LNM) and lymphovascular invasion (LVSI) in resectable cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-five consecutive patients with cervical cancer were enrolled retrospectively. Tumour size, including maximum transverse diameter, tumour length, and gross tumour volume (GTV), was evaluated on DWI and T2WI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured. Univariate, multivariate, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine whether tumour size and ADC could be used to assess LNM and LVSI. RESULTS Tumour length on both T2WI and DWI, and T2WI-based and DWI-based GTVs could be used to assess LNM (p=0.002, 0.004, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively). Tumour length on T2WI, T2WI-based GTV, DWI-based GTV, and ADC value could be used assess LVSI (p=0.039, 0.038, 0.012, 0.039, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed both T2WI-based GTV (odds ratio [OR] = 1.044; p=0.008) and DWI-based GTV (OR=1.941; p=0.019) were independent risk factors for LNM. T2WI-based GTV (OR=1.023, p=0.038) and DWI-based GTV (OR=3.275, p=0.008) were independent risk factors for LVSI. No statistically significant difference was identified between the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the DWI-based GTV and the T2WI-based GTV (0.790 versus 0.775, p=0.113), or the tumour length on both T2WI (0.790 versus 0.734, p=0.185) and DWI (0.790 versus 0.737, p=0.333) for LNM. For LVSI, the AUC of DWI-based GTV was higher than T2WI-based GTV (0.720 versus 0.682, p=0.006). CONCLUSION GTV on both T2WI and DWI could be used assess LNM and LVSI. DWI-based GTV might show the greatest potential for assessing LNM and LVSI in resectable cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Medical School, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - H Pu
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - G Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Mastoi AK, Pu H, Chen X, Nyanzi AS, Jhatial AA. Physico-mechanical and microstructural behaviour of high-water content zinc-contaminated dredged sediment treated with integrated approach PHDVPSS. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:58331-58341. [PMID: 34115301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses a new integrated method, namely PHDVPSS, which utilizes vacuum pressure (VP) coupled with prefabricated horizontal drain along with solidification/stabilization (SS) for the effective treatment of high-water content dredged contaminated sediment (DCS). This study sought to evaluate the physico-mechanical and microstructural behaviour of high-water content DCS treated with MgO-GGBS (MG) and Portland cement (PC) as PHDVPSS binders and compared to the traditional Portland cement solidification/stabilization (SS-PC) method. Physico-mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the DCS treated with the PHDVPSS method were evaluated by performing a number of tests such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), toxicity characteristics of the leaching process (TCLP), pH, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Treatment results showed that the DCS treated with the MG binder in the PHDVPSS method showed superior performance in terms of a significant reduction in the water content and leachability of zinc (Zn) along with higher mechanical strength and dry density of the samples compared to the traditional SS-PC method. After 56-day curing time, VP-MG cases showed 17.6 % and 50 % higher dry density values, resulting in 2.5 and 17.3 times higher UCS values than VP-PC and SS-PC cases, respectively. In contrast, VP-MG cases showed lower pH values than those of VP-PC and SS-PC cases. Moreover, VP-MG cases exhibited 37.5 % and 44.3 % lower leached Zn concentration during a TCLP test than VP-PC cases and SS-PC cases, respectively. XRD and SEM-EDS tests showed that more voluminous hydration products were produced in the VP-MG cases, which in turn produced a dense stabilized matrix and significantly reduced the leachability of zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Khan Mastoi
- Institute of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, 67450, Pakistan.
| | - Hefu Pu
- Institute of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xunlong Chen
- Institute of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Alidekyi Sharif Nyanzi
- Institute of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ashfaque Ahmed Jhatial
- Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan
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8
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Castellanos DC, Pu H. Developing Methods to Measure Cultural Competency and Learning in Undergraduate Dietetic and Health Profession Students. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Liu W, Jiang H, Pu H, Pi JT, Long Y, Zhang YL. [An assessment of the sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae on asthma control level and pulmonary function of allergic asthma and rhinitis in adult patient]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:850-854. [PMID: 31446703 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy, asthma control level and pulmonary function of sublingual immunotherapy on allergic asthma and rhinitis in adult patient. Method:This retrospective analysis of 182 cases of adult patient from 18-60 years with allergic asthma and rhinitis, according to the patients' wishes they were divided into drug group(66 patients) and SLIT group(116 patients). Drug group patients were treated with low to moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids+long-acting β2 receptor agonists and mometasone furoate nasal spray+desloratadine tablets as symptomatic treatment. SLIT group was treated by SLIT with Dermatophagoides farina drops on this basis. Before treatment and 1 year, 2 year and 3 years after treatment, the ACT, PEF%, DASS, NASS, TNSS and TMS were evaluated. Result:The ACT, PEF%, DASS, NASS, TNSS and TMS had continuously improved significantly 1 year, 2 year and 3 years after treatment in both groups comparing with baseline(P<0.05). Compared with 1 year after treatment, SLIT group had lower ACT, PEF%, DASS, NASS, TNSS and TMS in 2 years after treatment(all P<0.05), whereas drug group had lower TMS and DASS(all P<0.05). In 3 years of treatment, only SLIT group resulted in significant continuous improvement in DASS and TMS(all P<0.05). After 1 year, 2 and 3 years of treatment, SLIT group resulted in significantly better ACT, PEF%, DASS, NASS and TMS than drug group(all P<0.05). After 2 and 3 years of treatment, TNSS of SLIT group were significantly lower than in drug group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Sublingual immunotherapy for 3 yearswith Dermatophagoides farinae dropsin adult patient with allergic asthma and rhinitis was more effective than drug therapy alone, and asthma control and lung function improved significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,402160,China
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,402160,China
| | - H Pu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,402160,China
| | - J T Pi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,402160,China
| | - Y Long
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,402160,China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,402160,China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal exposure and tobacco smoking have been independently associated with diabetes, but no study has been conducted to investigate the interaction between them on the risk of diabetes. AIMS To investigate the effect of occupational exposure to metals, and potential effect modification by smoking, on the risk of diabetes and prediabetes in a cohort of Chinese male workers. METHODS We assessed metal exposure and tobacco smoking at baseline in the Jinchang Cohort of male workers. We used Poisson regression analyses to estimate the interaction between smoking and metal exposures based on occupations, which we grouped according to the measured urinary metal levels. RESULTS Among the 26008 study subjects, compared with non-smokers, the adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for diabetes was 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-2.4] for smokers of >40 pack-years. The adjusted PRs were 1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.4) among mining/production workers and 2.7 (95% CI 2.4-3.0) among smelting/refining workers, both compared with office workers. There was significant effect modification under the additive model between smoking and metal exposure on the prevalence of diabetes (Pinteraction = 0.001), with an adjusted PR of 3.6 (95% CI 2.4-5.4) for those with >40 pack-years of smoking who had the highest metal exposures, whereas no significant interaction was observed for prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS Both exposure to metals and heavy smoking were associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes in this large cohort of male workers. There was also strong interaction between these two exposures in affecting diabetes risk that should be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, South Donggang Xi Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P.R. China, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - N Cheng
- Center of Medical Laboratory, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - H Pu
- Workers' Hospital, Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang 737140, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - M Dai
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - T Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Y Bai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, South Donggang Xi Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P.R. China,
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11
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Yan M, DeSalvo BJ, Ramachandhran B, Pu H, Killian TC. Controlling condensate collapse and expansion with an optical Feshbach resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:123201. [PMID: 25166803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate control of the collapse and expansion of an (88)Sr Bose-Einstein condensate using an optical Feshbach resonance near the (1)S(0)-(3)P(1) intercombination transition at 689 nm. Significant changes in dynamics are caused by modifications of scattering length by up to ± 10a(bg), where the background scattering length of (88)Sr is a(bg) = -2a(0) (1a(0) = 0.053 nm). Changes in scattering length are monitored through changes in the size of the condensate after a time-of-flight measurement. Because the background scattering length is close to zero, blue detuning of the optical Feshbach resonance laser with respect to a photoassociative resonance leads to increased interaction energy and a faster condensate expansion, whereas red detuning triggers a collapse of the condensate. The results are modeled with the time-dependent nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - B J DeSalvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - B Ramachandhran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - H Pu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T C Killian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The slit homologue 2 ( SLIT2) gene is a tumour suppressor gene. This study investigated the methylation status of the SLIT2 promoter in women with ovarian cancer in terms of identifying whether this might aid the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. METHODS: Using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis, the methylation status of the SLIT2 promoter was measured in tumour tissue and serum samples from 36 patients with ovarian cancer and in matched serum samples from 25 controls without cancer. RESULTS: Aberrant methylation of the SLIT2 promoter was present in ovarian tissue from 29/36 (80.6%) ovarian cancer patients, but not in the 25 healthy controls. Among the cases with hypermethylation in their ovarian tissue, 27/29 (93.1%) of the case-matched serum DNA samples, including all four cases of early-stage ovarian cancer, showed hypermethylation of the SLIT2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS: Hypermethylation of the SLIT2 promoter may be a relatively early event in ovarian cancer; thus, its detection may be an effective approach to improve early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H Pu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Abstract
We have mapped out a detailed phase diagram that shows the ground state structure of a spin-1 condensate with magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. We show that the interplay between the dipolar and the spin-exchange interactions induces a rich variety of quantum phases that exhibit spontaneous magnetic ordering in the form of intricate spin textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
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14
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Pu H, Baksmaty LO, Yi S, Bigelow NP. Structural phase transitions of vortex matter in an optical lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:190401. [PMID: 16090154 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We consider the vortex structure of a rapidly rotating trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a corotating periodic optical lattice potential. We observe a rich variety of structural phases which reflect the interplay of the vortex-vortex and vortex-lattice interactions. The lattice structure is very sensitive to the ratio of vortices to pinning sites and we observe structural phase transitions and domain formation as this ratio is varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
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15
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Abstract
We study the zero-temperature ground state structure of a spin-1 condensate with magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. We show that the dipolar interactions break the rotational symmetry of the Hamiltonian and induce new quantum phases. Different phases can be reached by tuning the effective strength of the dipolar interactions via modifying the trapping geometry. The experimental feasibility of detecting these phases is investigated. The spin-mixing dynamics is also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
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16
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Toborek M, Pu H, Andras I, Flora G, Lee YW. HIV-1 Tat protein disrupts the blood-brain barrier through the oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms. J Neurochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.85.s2.16_7.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Abstract
An atomic grating generated by a pulsed standing-wave laser field is proposed to manipulate the superfluid state in a quantum degenerate gas of fermionic atoms. We show that in the presence of atomic Cooper pairs, the density oscillations of the gas caused by the atomic grating exhibit a much longer coherence time than that in the normal Fermi gas. Our result indicates that the technique of a pulsed atomic grating is a potential candidate to detect the atomic superfluid state in a quantum degenerate Fermi gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Search
- Optical Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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18
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Tsuji T, Nozaki I, Miyazaki M, Sakaguchi M, Pu H, Hamazaki Y, Iijima O, Namba M. Antiproliferative activity of REIC/Dkk-3 and its significant down-regulation in non-small-cell lung carcinomas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:257-63. [PMID: 11708809 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the cloning of the REIC/Dkk-3 gene, whose expression was shown to be down-regulated in many human immortalized and tumor-derived cell lines [T. Tsuji et al. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268, 20-24]. In the present study, we demonstrated that expression of the exogenous REIC/Dkk-3 gene in tumor cells inhibited cell growth. Furthermore, the level of REIC/Dkk-3 mRNA in normal human cells was lowest in the late G(1) phase during the cell cycle. Then we found that the expression of REIC/Dkk-3 was significantly down-regulated in surgically resected non-small-cell lung carcinomas. We determined the REIC/Dkk-3 locus on chromosome 11p15, where loss of heterozygosity has frequently been observed in human tumors. These findings indicate that REIC/Dkk-3 may function as a tumor suppressor.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Division
- Chemokines
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuji
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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19
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Liao P, Georgakopoulos D, Kovacs A, Zheng M, Lerner D, Pu H, Saffitz J, Chien K, Xiao RP, Kass DA, Wang Y. The in vivo role of p38 MAP kinases in cardiac remodeling and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:12283-8. [PMID: 11593045 PMCID: PMC59806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.211086598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) p38 is activated in various forms of heart failure, yet its effects on the intact heart remain to be established. Targeted activation of p38 MAP kinase in ventricular myocytes was achieved in vivo by using a gene-switch transgenic strategy with activated mutants of upstream kinases MKK3bE and MKK6bE. Transgene expression resulted in significant induction of p38 kinase activity and premature death at 7-9 weeks. Both groups of transgenic hearts exhibited marked interstitial fibrosis and expression of fetal marker genes characteristic of cardiac failure, but no significant hypertrophy at the organ level. Echocardiographic and pressure-volume analyses revealed a similar extent of systolic contractile depression and restrictive diastolic abnormalities related to markedly increased passive chamber stiffness. However, MKK3bE-expressing hearts had increased end-systolic chamber volumes and a thinned ventricular wall, associated with heterogeneous myocyte atrophy, whereas MKK6bE hearts had reduced end-diastolic ventricular cavity size, a modest increase in myocyte size, and no significant myocyte atrophy. These data provide in vivo evidence for a negative inotropic and restrictive diastolic effect from p38 MAP kinase activation in ventricular myocytes and reveal specific roles of p38 pathway in the development of ventricular end-systolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Liao
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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20
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Abstract
We show that an ensemble of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice can undergo a ferromagnetic phase transition and spontaneous magnetization arises due to the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. This phenomenon is analogous to ferromagnetism in solid state physics, but occurs with bosons instead of fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Optical Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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21
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Jiang HX, Pu H, Huh NH, Yokota K, Oguma K, Namba M. Helicobacter pylori induces pepsinogen secretion by rat gastric cells in culture via a cAMP signal pathway. Int J Mol Med 2001; 7:625-9. [PMID: 11351276 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.7.6.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobater pylori (H. pylori) is associated with various stomach diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. In order to investigate the mechanisms of enhanced production of pepsinogen by H. pylori in cultured rat gastric cells that have the potential to produce pepsinogen, secretion and synthesis of pepsinogen in the cells exposed to H. pylori extract were determined by measuring the hydrolysis of hemoglobin. Various drugs were used to study the mechanisms of effects of H. pylori on the cells. Exposure of the gastric cells to H. pylori extract caused a significant increase in pepsinogen secretion into the culture medium within 30-180 min in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by a significant increase in pepsinogen synthesis in the gastric cells after 60 min of incubation. Heat treatment of the H. pylori sonicate at 100 degrees C for 10 min completely abolished the stimulatory effect of H. pylori on pepsinogen secretion. 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine (50 microM), a specific adenylate cyclase inhibitor, abolished the effect of H. pylori-induced pepsinogen secretion. Puromycin (10 microg/ml), a protein synthesis inhibitor, and nicorandil (0.1 mM), a specific intracellular calcium antagonist, reduced the H. pylori-induced pepsinogen secretion by 37% (p<0.01) and 25% (p<0.05), respectively. On the other hand, actinomycin D (1 microg/ml), an RNA synthesis inhibitor, did not affect the H. pylori-induced pepsinogen secretion. Consequently, dibutyryl cAMP potentially stimulated the pepsinogen secretion from gastric epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. H. pylori induces pepsinogen secretion and synthesis by gastric epithelial cells through an increase in the intracellular cAMP and mobilization of the intracellular calcium. In addition, H. pylori affects pepsinogen synthesis at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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22
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Pu H, Zhao J, Pong B, Xu S. [Pharmacological comparison between virosecurinine and securinine]. Zhong Yao Cai 2001; 24:278-80. [PMID: 12587161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological activities of virosecurinine (Vse) and securinine (Sec) were studied. The results showed that acute toxicity of Vse was 1/13.6 that of Sec, and Vse had no convulsive effects on rats or frogs, while Sec had. The results also showed that Vse and Sec could elevate blood pressure and excite respiration in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Bio-Engineering Instiute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632
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23
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Pu H, Sakaguchi M, Kondo T, Kondo A, Kawabata T, Namba M. Effects of oxygen concentrations on human fibroblasts treated with Fe(3+)-NTA. Int J Mol Med 2001; 7:295-300. [PMID: 11179510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals derived from the reaction of iron and oxygen are thought to be one of the causes of tissue injury. In order to identify whether oxygen concentrations are an important factor in iron-mediated damage to cells, cytotoxic effects of Fe(3+)-NTA on human fibroblasts (KMST-6 line) were studied under the conditions of 1% and 20% oxygen concentrations in an incubator. A comparison of the effects of Fe(3+)-NTA on cells cultured in 1% and 20% oxygen environments showed that the following features were more prominent under the usual culture concentrations of 20% oxygen: i) cytotoxicity, ii) increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, iii) increase in H(2)O(2) production in the cells, and iv) formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. To elucidate the roles of endogenous antioxidants, the levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase were measured by Western blotting. The increase in MnSOD in the presence of Fe(3+)-NTA was greater under the condition of 20% O(2) than under the condition of 1% O(2). The expression of catalase was significantly up-regulated at 20% O(2). However, when the cells were treated with Fe(3+)-NTA, the expression of catalase was markedly down-regulated under the condition of 20% O(2). Hydroxyl radical scavengers such as vitamin E, dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) and mannitol reduced endogenous ROS generation and alleviated the cytotoxic effects of iron. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin C and catalase did not show any protective effects against Fe(3+)-NTA. These findings suggest that enhanced cytotoxic effects of Fe(3+)-NTA at 20% O(2 )are due to endogenously produced hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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24
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Pu H, Sakaguchi M, Kondo T, Kondo A, Kawabata T, Namba M. Effects of oxygen concentrations on human fibroblasts treated with Fe3+-NTA. Int J Mol Med 2001. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.7.3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Hedge VR, Puar MS, Dai P, Pu H, Patel M, Anthes JC, Richard C, Terracciano J, Das PR, Gullo V. A family of depsi-peptide fungal metabolites, as selective and competitive human tachykinin receptor (NK2) antagonists: fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties, and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2001; 54:125-35. [PMID: 11302484 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.54.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four tachykinin (NK2) receptor inhibitors, SCH 378161 (1), SCH 217048 (2), SCH 378199 (3), and SCH 378167 (4) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a taxonomically unidentified fungus. These compounds were separated from the fermentation broth by ethyl acetate extraction. Purification and separation of the individual compounds were achieved by NK2 assay-guided fractionation using gel filtration, reverse phase chromatography and HPLC. They were identified to be a family of depsipeptides by spectroscopic and degradation studies. Compounds 1 and 3 contain proline and differ as an amide and acid whereas 2 and 4 contain pipecolic acid and differ in being an amide and acid. All of these compounds contain an identical hydroxy acid. They are selective NK2 inhibitors with Ki values ranging from 27-982 nM and demonstrate no activity at 10 microM in the NK1 and NK3 assays. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 inhibited NKA-induced increases in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, in a CHO cell expressing the human NK2 receptor; this inhibition was competitive in nature with pA2 values of 7.2 and 7.5, respectively. These data demonstrate that these natural products are selective and competitive receptor antagonists of the human NK2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Hedge
- Schering Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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26
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Goldstein EV, Moore MG, Pu H, Meystre P. Eliminating the mean-field shift in two-component bose-einstein condensates. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:5030-5033. [PMID: 11102179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the nonlinear mean-field shift in a multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensate may be eliminated by controlling the two-body interaction coefficients. This modification can be achieved by engineering the environment of the condensate. We consider the case of a two-component condensate in a quasi-one-dimensional atomic waveguide, achieving modification of the atom-atom interactions by varying the transverse wave functions of the components. Eliminating the density-dependent phase shift represents a promising potential application for multicomponent condensates in atom interferometry and precision measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- EV Goldstein
- Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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27
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Pu H, Meystre P. Creating macroscopic atomic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states from Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:3987-3990. [PMID: 11056606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a scheme for creating quant entangled atomic states through the coherent spin-exchange collision of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. The state generated possesses macroscopic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation and the fluctuation in one of its quasispin components vanishes. We show that an elongated condensate with large aspect ratio is most suitable for creating such a state.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Optical Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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28
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Liang M, Rosser M, Ng HP, May K, Bauman JG, Islam I, Ghannam A, Kretschmer PJ, Pu H, Dunning L, Snider RM, Morrissey MM, Hesselgesser J, Perez HD, Horuk R. Species selectivity of a small molecule antagonist for the CCR1 chemokine receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 389:41-9. [PMID: 10686294 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The species specificity of a small molecule antagonist for the human CCR1 chemokine receptor, 2-2-diphenyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-1-yl)valeronitrile (CCR1 antagonist 1), has been examined using cloned CCR1 receptors from various species. The compound was able to bind to rabbit, marmoset, and human CCR1, and was able to block the functional activation of these receptors. However, it failed to significantly displace radiolabeled macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) binding to mouse CCR1 at concentrations up to 10 microM. These data suggested that the antagonist binding site is well-conserved in rabbit, marmoset and human CCR1, but not in mouse CCR1. The functional selectivity and mechanism of action for CCR1 antagonist 1 were further characterized. CCR1 antagonist 1 blocked the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) stimulated by CCR1 agonists, but had no effect on N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and stromal-derived factor 1alpha (SDF1alpha)-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, demonstrating functional selectivity for CCR1. Since CCR1 antagonist 1 is a functional antagonist of marmoset and rabbit CCR1 receptors, it should be possible to test its efficacy in animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liang
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Discovery, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, CA, USA.
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29
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Li JW, Inoue Y, Miyazaki M, Pu H, Kondo A, Namba M. Growth inhibitory effects of ATP and its derivatives on human fibroblasts immortalized with 60Co-gamma rays. Int J Mol Med 2000; 5:59-62. [PMID: 10601575 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.5.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study (Katayama B et al, Int J Mol Med 2: 603-606, 1998), cell growth inhibition caused by ATP added to cultures was found to be greater in immortalized human fibroblasts than in the normal human fibroblasts. Since it has been reported that ATP affects cells via P2-purinergic receptors, growth inhibitory effects of ATP and its derivatives on immortalized human fibroblasts were investigated in the present study in order to learn what type of receptors are involved in ATP cytotoxicity. The ATP derivatives used in this study were: ATP, ADP, beta, gamma-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (MeATP), 2' & 3'-o-(4-benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine, triethylammonium salt (BzATP), adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATPgammaS), 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate (2-MeSATP) and UTP. The extent of cytotoxicity induced by these drugs was found to be in the order of: ATP=ADP>ATPgammaS>MeATP=BzATP. On the other hand, neither 2-MeSATP nor UTP showed any cytotoxicity. These findings indicate that ATP may exert the cell growth inhibition by certain kinds of signal transduction via P2x or P2y purinergic receptors which affect intrinsic channels/pores of cell membrane and/or G protein activation. As a result, intracellular elevation in the concentrations of ions such as calcium and potassium, membrane depolarization, loss of endogenous ions/metabolites, and activation of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C may occur. Actually, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, and an ATP-sensitive K+-channel blocker, glybenclamide, reduced the growth inhibitory effects of ATP on the cells to some extent. The growth inhibition caused by ATP was not due to apoptosis or induction of a cyclin/CDK kinase inhibitor, P21.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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30
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Gao C, Ohashi R, Pu H, Inoue Y, Tsuji T, Miyazaki M, Namba M. Yeast functional assay of the p53 gene status in 11 cell lines and 26 surgical specimens of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 1999; 6:1267-71. [PMID: 10523694 DOI: 10.3892/or.6.6.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural abnormalities of the p53 gene have frequently been detected in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). To ascertain whether or not functional inactivation of this gene also occurs in HCCs, the transactivation of p53 gene products in 11 HCC cell lines maintained in our laboratory and 26 HCC surgical specimens was examined by yeast functional assay (functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast: FASAY), which determines the functional status of the individual p53 alleles. The p53 gene product was inactivated in 8 of 11 (72.7%) HCC cell lines and in 12 of 26 (46.2%) HCC surgical specimens. The inactivation frequency of the gene was 37.5%, 36.4%, and 71.4% in well, moderately, and poorly differentiated HCCs, respectively. In HCC surgical specimens larger than 5 cm in diameter, the inactivation frequency was 83.3% while in those smaller than 2. 5 cm, it was 14.3%. These results show that functional inactivation of p53 gene products often occurs in HCCs and that the inactivation frequency of the gene in HCCs is well correlated with differentiation degree and tumor size, suggesting that the inactivation of p53 gene products plays a role in progression from well to poorly differentiated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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31
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Pu H, Sun X, Dou H. [Determination of trace barium in biological samples by Zeeman graphite AAS with coated graphite tube]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 1999; 19:726-727. [PMID: 15822279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using a tungstate-coated graphite tube, trace barium in biological samples was determined by Zeeman graphite AAS. The sensitivity of Ba can be significantly improved. The precision and the lifetime of graphite tube have been improved by adding matrix modifier. The method is simple. The recovery and precision are satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Oncology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei
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32
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Pu H, Gao C, Yuasa T, Namba M, Kondo A, Inada K, Sakaguchi M. Establishment and characterization of a rat pepsin-producing gastric cell line (OUMS-37). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1999; 35:488-90. [PMID: 10548428 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-999-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Alvi KA, Pu H, Luche M, Rice A, App H, McMahon G, Dare H, Margolis B. Asterriquinones produced by Aspergillus candidus inhibit binding of the Grb-2 adapter to phosphorylated EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1999; 52:215-23. [PMID: 10348035 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.52.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new asterriquinone analogs (2-4, 6, 7), together with previously identified neoasterriquinone (1) and isoasterriquinone (5), were isolated from a fermentation broth of the fungus Aspergillus candidus and purified by HSCCC (high speed counter current chromatography) followed by HPLC. The structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and MS/MS techniques. All seven showed inhibitory activity against the binding of a recombinant protein containing the SH2 protein domain of Grb-2 to the tyrosine phosphorylated form of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Some of these asterriquinones exhibited specific inhibition of Grb-2 binding compared to Grb-7 and PLC-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Alvi
- Natural Products Chemistry Services, MDS Panlabs, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
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34
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Kondo A, Miyazaki M, Pu H, Gao C, Namba M. Establishment and cellular characteristics of a hepatocyte cell line (OUMS-31) derived from an acatalasemic mouse. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1999; 35:155-8. [PMID: 10476912 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-999-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver cell lines with very low catalase activity were established from an acatalasemic mouse. Hepatocytes isolated by a collagenase-liver-perfusion technique were cultured in Williams' E medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The acatalasemic liver cell line showed approximately 20% of the catalase activity of a normal mouse liver cell line, whereas its glutathione peroxidase activity was approximately equal to that of the normal liver cell line. DNA sequence analysis of this cell line showed the same mutation in the catalase gene as is seen in the acatalasemic mouse. Our observation of intracellular content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical and increased susceptibility of the cells to H2O2 were compatible with the existence of low catalase activity in the acatalasemic mouse. This hepatocyte cell line should be useful for studying effects of oxidative radical stress at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kondo
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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35
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Sakaguchi M, Kondo T, Pu H, Namba M. Transferrin synthesized in cultured human fibroblasts is associated with tubulins and has iron binding capacity. Cell Struct Funct 1999; 24:5-9. [PMID: 10355873 DOI: 10.1247/csf.24.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous report (13), using immunocytochemical and fluorescence-labeling techniques, we demonstrated that transferrin is synthesized in cultured human fibroblasts and that it is associated with tubulins in the cells. These morphological findings led us to attempt to elaborate those issues in more detail by biochemical methods. In this report, we were able to prove the association of transferrin produced in cells with tubulins. In addition, the transferrin associated with tubulins was found to bind to iron. These results suggest that endogenous transferrin plays a role in preventing damage caused by free radicals which can be induced by the interaction of iron with the hydrogen peroxide produced in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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36
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Katayama B, Sakaguchi M, Li JW, Pu H, Inoue Y, Namba M. ATP inhibition of proliferation of immortalized human fibroblasts is greater than that of normal human diploid fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 1998; 2:603-6. [PMID: 9858660 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2.5.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that cancers develop by a multi-step process. Normal cells are first immortalized, and then transformed into tumorigenic cells. Normal human cells are very rarely immortalized, but once they are, they are relatively easily transformed into tumorigenic cells. This indicates that the immortalization step plays a critical part in the development of human cancers. Thus, elucidation of the mechanisms of this step would shed light on the process of carcinogenesis in human cells. To understand the causes of immortalization, it is important to determine the differences in cellular phenotype between immortalized and normal human cells. In this study, we found that immortalized human fibroblasts were more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of ATP than normal human fibroblasts. ADP was as effective as ATP, but AMP, adenosine, and phosphoric acid were not. These results indicate that a high-energy bound of ATP and ADP may contribute to the growth inhibition of the cells. When the immortalized cells were pulse-labeled with [32P]-ATP, 30-, 31-, 33- and 40-kDa membrane fraction proteins were more prominently labeled in the immortalized cells than in the normal cells. At present, the characteristics of these proteins are being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Katayama
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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37
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Pu H, Cashion LM, Kretschmer PJ, Liu Z. Rapid establishment of high-producing cell lines using dicistronic vectors with glutamine synthetase as the selection marker. Mol Biotechnol 1998; 10:17-25. [PMID: 9779420 DOI: 10.1007/bf02745860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are useful tools in biological research, drug development, and drug screening. Specially designed expression vectors have been developed to introduce cDNA for recombinant protein expression in mammalian cells. We have combined a dicistronic mRNA design for expression of the recombinant protein, using glutamine synthetase (GS) for selection. A soluble form of human interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain was used as the model protein. The dicistronic vectors were compared to a standard expression vector in CHO-K1 cells in parallel experiments. Our data showed that a dicistronic vector containing an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the encephalomyocarditis virus (ECMV) was superior to a conventional expression vector in both levels of protein expression and amplification efficiency. The productivity of these clones was stable without selection pressure for an extended period of time. The GS selection system within a dicistronic vector design can achieve rapid and efficient gene amplification for protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, CA, USA
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38
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Pu H, Zhou J, Lu Y, Sun X, Zhang S. [Research on the determination method of trace amount of Pb and Cd in animal bone]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 1998; 18:359-362. [PMID: 15810285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of trace amount of Pb and Cd in animal bone using GFAAS has been established. The samples were determined directly after being diluted by TMAH solution. The method is handy and fast. The recovery is 96.95-103.15%. The RSD is less than 4.81%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Orthopaetics, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei
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39
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Abstract
We describe our recent progress on the investigation of two-species Bose-Einstein condensation. From a theoretical analysis we show that there is a new rich phenomenology associated with two-species Bose-Einstein condensates which does not exist in a single-species condensate. We then describe results of a numerical model of the evaporative cooling process of a trapped two-species gas.
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Sakaguchi M, Kondo T, Pu H, Namba M. Differential localization of two types of transferrin: produced by human fibroblasts or incorporated from culture medium. Cell Struct Funct 1998; 23:69-72. [PMID: 9669034 DOI: 10.1247/csf.23.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous paper, we demonstrated that cultured human fibroblasts synthesize transferrin (Tf). Two types of Tf are present; one is produced by the cells and the other is internalized from the culture medium. To study the metabolism of intracellular Tf, we investigated the subcellular localization of the two types of Tf in human fibroblasts by immunocytochemical and fluorescence-labeling techniques. The internalized Tf was found to be localized in the perinuclear area, and the synthesized Tf was associated with microtubules, forming a fibrous structure in the cytoplasm. When the cells were treated with colchicine which depolymerizes microtubules irreversibly, the synthesized Tf lost its fibrous structure and spread out in cytoplasm, but the internalized Tf remained around the nucleus. These results suggest that the two types of Tf are regulated differently in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Abstract
Bombesin-like peptides (BLPs), which have been implicated in the regulation of growth of prostatic carcinoma cells, are a product of neuroendocrine cells frequently found in prostate tissue and are postulated to play a role in the initiation or progression of prostatic carcinoma. In this report, we examined the expression, in human prostate tissue, of mRNA encoding the 3 known receptors that respond to BLPs in humans, i.e., gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor, neuromedin B (NMB) receptor and bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3). Competitive rt-PCR experiments demonstrated the widespread but variable expression of GRP receptor mRNA in fresh-frozen specimens of prostatic carcinoma (12 cases) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (6 cases). NMB receptor mRNA expression was also widespread, but its level was less variable than GRP receptor message. In contrast, we could not detect BRS-3 mRNA in most tissue samples by rt-PCR. To address which cells in the prostate express the GRP receptor, we used in situ hybridization methods to stain selectively GRP receptor mRNA. GRP receptor mRNA was expressed predominantly in the luminal and basal epithelial cells in both histologically normal and cancerous glands within sections of normal (3 cases) and diseased (37 cases) tissue. GRP receptor mRNA staining in cancerous tissue ranged widely from very intense to not detectable (about 30% of the cases), while normal tissue consistently displayed a low level of message staining. Taken together, our results demonstrate expression of the GRP receptor in a high percentage of basal and/or luminal epithelial cells of normal and diseased prostate tissues.
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Liu Z, Cashion LM, Pu H. Protein expression both in mammalian cell lines and in yeast Pichia pastoris using a single expression plasmid. Biotechniques 1998; 24:266-8, 270-1. [PMID: 9494728 DOI: 10.2144/98242st03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have designed and constructed a novel expression vector capable of producing recombinant proteins in both mammalian cell lines and the yeast strain Pichia pastoris. In this vector, a yeast promoter is placed inside an intron of the mammalian transcription unit. A yeast transcription termination sequence is placed immediately downstream of the mammalian polyadenylation site. In mammalian cells, transcription is driven by a mammalian promoter. The yeast promoter within the intron is removed by RNA processing. However, protein expression in yeast cells can be achieved utilizing the yeast promoter immediately upstream of the 3' splice site and the target genes. Our data indicate that this vector can express beta-galactosidase efficiently in both mammalian cell lines and the yeast strain P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, CA 94804-0099, USA
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Pu H, Tsuji T, Kondo A, Fushimi K, Ohashi R, Inoue Y, Mimura T, Hamazaki K, Miyazaki M, Namba M. Comparison of cellular characteristics between human hepatoma cell lines with wild-type p53 and those with mutant-type p53 gene. Acta Med Okayama 1997; 51:313-9. [PMID: 9439773 DOI: 10.18926/amo/30772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Characteristics of human hepatoma cell lines with the wild-type p53 were compared with those of human hepatoma cell lines with the mutant-type p53. The p21 protein located downstream of p53 was expressed in cell lines with the wild-type p53 but was not expressed in cell lines with the mutant-type p53. As to other tumor suppressor genes such as p16 and p27, there was no difference in their expression between both types of cell lines. In addition, no marked difference was observed in the activities of CDK2 and CDK4 between cell lines with the wild-type and the mutant-type p53. Phosphorylated Rb protein was detected in all cell lines except the HLE line, indicating that this cell line may have a deletion of and/or a mutation of the Rb gene. These results indicate that abnormalities of tumor suppressor genes other than p53, p16, p27, and Rb may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. The population doubling time of the wild-type p53 cells was significantly longer than that of the mutant p53 cells. Neither type of cell line showed a specific chromosome distribution which would indicate karyotype instability. The cell lines expressing the wild-type p53 produced tumors at lower frequency than those with the mutant p53 gene. Although there was no significant difference in effects of TGF-beta 1, EGF, cholera toxin, and db-cAMP on cell growth between the two types of cells, all three cell lines with the wild-type p53 were resistant to cytotoxicity of TNF-alpha, while two of the three with the mutant p53 were very sensitive to its cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Fukaya K, Miyazaki M, Pu H, Katayama B, Inoue Y, Ohashi R, Nakamura C, Namba M. Pyruvate alleviates toxic effects of ethanol on cells in culture. Arch Toxicol 1997; 71:651-4. [PMID: 9332703 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic effects of ethanol on cultured human hepatocytes and fibroblasts differed with the type of culture medium used. When cytotoxic effects of ethanol were compared between culture systems using either RPMI-1640 or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), the cytotoxicity was more prominent with the former medium than with the latter. A reduction of the cytotoxic effects appeared to be due to the pyruvate contained in DMEM. The protective effect of pyruvate against ethanol toxicity may be related to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity because addition of malate to the medium also reduced the cytotoxic effects. Our results suggest that drug cytotoxicity testing in vitro must be done using various types of culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukaya
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Croze E, Russell-Harde D, Wagner TC, Pu H, Pfeffer LM, Perez HD. The human type I interferon receptor. Identification of the interferon beta-specific receptor-associated phosphoprotein. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:33165-8. [PMID: 8969169 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.52.33165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We used specific antibodies recognizing the receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and the recently cloned receptor 2.2 (IFNAR2.2) chains of the human type I interferon receptor complex to demonstrate that the interferon beta (IFN-beta)-specific receptor-associated phosphoprotein is IFNAR2.2 and not an unknown or additional receptor component. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that IFNAR2.2 is present in Daudi cells as a cell surface protein of approximately 90-100 kDa, which is tyrosine-phosphorylated and associated with IFNAR1, upon stimulation of cells with IFN-beta. IFNAR2.2 was not detected associated with IFNAR1 in cells stimulated with IFN-alpha, suggesting differences in receptor interaction between the two type I interferons. Both IFNAR1 and IFNAR2.2 undergo tyrosine phosphorylation upon induction by either IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. Therefore, it is unclear as to why IFNAR2.2 is not detectable in IFNAR1 immunoprecipitates in IFN-beta-treated cells. These data suggest that, although IFN-alpha and IFN-beta may utilize similar receptor chains, they interact with IFNAR1 and IFNAR2.2 in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Croze
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Biophysics, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California 94804, USA.
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Abstract
Further studies on the chemical constituents of Delphinium potaninii roots led to the isolation of two new lycoctonine-type norditerpenoid alkaloids, potanisines A (1) and B (3). The structures of these compounds were determined by interpretation of the spectroscopic data. They are the first examples of naturally occurring lycoctonine-type norditerpenoid alkaloids possessing an N-formyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pu
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Kosaka T, Fukaya K, Tsuboi S, Pu H, Ohno T, Tsuji T, Namba M. Comparison of various methods of assaying the cytotoxic effects of ethanol on human hepatoblastoma cells (HUH-6 line). Acta Med Okayama 1996; 50:151-6. [PMID: 8805855 DOI: 10.18926/amo/30502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of five kinds of cytotoxicity assays using ethanol on human hepatoblastoma cells (HUH-6 line), which were cultured as monolayers or spheroids, was compared. Ethanol was chosen as a test because it acts on cell membranes directly without being metabolized and exerts its cytotoxicity. The assay methods used were as follows: 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), colony formation, cell growth and DNA assays. The sensitivity of the assays was: LDH < DNA < cell growth < MTT < colony formation. LDH assay had the advantage that the same culture could be used for multiple assays, but when a small number of cells were assayed, no significant increase in the release of LDH was detected in the assay cultures compared with the control cultures. Although the DNA and cell growth assays were more sensitive than the LDH assay, the extent of cell damage may be underestimated because the damaged cells and DNA present in the cultures are included in the assay samples. On the other hand, both MTT and colony formation assays showed a high sensitivity. The MTT assay was done within 24 h after ethanol was added to the cultures and was applicable to both monolayer and spheroid cultures, while the colony formation assay required 1-2 weeks and it was applicable only to monolayer cultures. Taken together, the MTT assay was the most suitable method to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of ethanol on HUH-6 cells cultured as either monolayers or spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kosaka
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Kosaka T, Tsuboi S, Fukaya K, Pu H, Ohno T, Tsuji T, Miyazaki M, Namba M. Spheroid cultures of human hepatoblastoma cells (HuH-6 line) and their application for cytotoxicity assay of alcohols. Acta Med Okayama 1996; 50:61-6. [PMID: 8744930 DOI: 10.18926/amo/30490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Spheroid cultures of human hepatoblastoma cells (HuH-6 line) were established by rotating 3 x 10(6) cells/3 ml culture medium in 25-ml Erlenmeyer flasks on a gyratory shaker. The size of the spheroids rapidly increased until 4 days of culture, and thereafter their size gradually increased until 8 days of culture. A considerable amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected in the culture medium at 24h after seeding because of cell damage by subculturing, but thereafter the amount released was small, indicating that the spheroids were in healthy condition. Albumin production, one of the differentiated functions of hepatocytes, was higher in spheroid cultures than in monolayer cultures. Using this spheroid culture model, the cytotoxic effects of alcohols on HuH-6 cells were studied by measuring the activity of LDH released in the medium from damaged cells. The results indicate that the increasing order of toxicity of the alcohols was as follows: methanol < ethanol < propanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kosaka
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) receptor complex is assumed to be composed of multiple protein subunits. Recently, two proteins have been identified as potential receptor components, both of which share a high degree of structural homology with the immunoglobulin superfamily. One of these proteins, referred to as the human interferon alpha receptor (IFNAR), has been shown to be involved in interferon signal transduction, but it does not bind IFN with high affinity. A second putative receptor protein, named FLP40, has been cloned from human Daudi cells. Transfection of FLP40 into murine NIH 3T3 cells does not result in high affinity IFN binding. In this study, we demonstrate that when expressed in murine L929 cells neither IFNAR nor FLP40 by themselves are capable of binding human IFN-alpha 8. Co-expression of IFNAR and FLP40 results in cells capable of binding IFN-alpha 8 and IFN-alpha 2. Scatchard analysis of binding demonstrated the presence of high (KD 350 pM) and low (KD 4.0 nM) affinity binding sites. Binding of radiolabeled IFN-alpha 8 can be competed with either unlabeled IFN-alpha 8 or a recombinant form of human interferon beta, IFN-beta 1b, but not with IFN-gamma. Ligand binding of IFN-alpha 8 can be inhibited by antibodies directed against IFNAR providing further support for a role for this protein in the formation of a ligand binding site. This is the first demonstration indicating that two previously identified IFN receptor proteins, which individually do not bind type I IFN with high affinity, cooperate in the formation of a type I IFN receptor ligand binding complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Russell-Harde
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Berlex Biosciences Inc., Richmond, California 94804-0099, USA
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Gurney ME, Pu H, Chiu AY, Dal Canto MC, Polchow CY, Alexander DD, Caliendo J, Hentati A, Kwon YW, Deng HX. Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation. Science 1994; 264:1772-5. [PMID: 8209258 DOI: 10.1126/science.8209258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3045] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) are found in about 20 percent of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Expression of high levels of human SOD containing a substitution of glycine to alanine at position 93--a change that has little effect on enzyme activity--caused motor neuron disease in transgenic mice. The mice became paralyzed in one or more limbs as a result of motor neuron loss from the spinal cord and died by 5 to 6 months of age. The results show that dominant, gain-of-function mutations in SOD contribute to the pathogenesis of familial ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gurney
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
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