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Hu JC, Ding YQ, Pang HY, Yu CQ, Sun DJY, Pei P, Du HD, Chen JS, Chen ZM, Zhu L, Lyu J, Li LM. [Prevalence of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and elderly adults in 10 areas in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:11-18. [PMID: 38228519 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230910-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the population and area distribution differences in the prevalence of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and elderly adults in 10 areas in China. Methods: A total of 24 913 participants aged 45-95 years who completed the third resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank during 2020-2021 were included. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was assessed by an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and urinary incontinence was classified as only stress urinary incontinence, only urgency urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence. The prevalence of urinary incontinence and its subtypes were reported by sex, age and area, and the severity of urinary incontinence and treatment were described. Results: The average age of the participants was (65.4±9.1) years. According to the seventh national census data in 2020, the age-standardized prevalence rates of urinary incontinence was 25.4% in women and 7.0% in men. The age-standardized prevalence rates of only stress, only urgency and mixed incontinence were 1.7%, 4.2% and 1.2% in men and 13.5%, 5.8% and 6.1% in women, respectively. The prevalence rates of urinary incontinence and all subtypes in men and the prevalence of urinary incontinence and all subtypes except only stress urinary incontinence in women all increased with age (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, the prevalence of urinary incontinence in both men and women were higher in rural area than in urban area (P<0.001). The treatment rates in men and women with urinary incontinence were 15.4% and 8.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was high in middle-aged and elderly adults in China, and the prevalence rate was higher in women than in men, but the treatment rate of urinary incontinence was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Q Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H Y Pang
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - C Q Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - D J Y Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - P Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H D Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - J S Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Z M Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L M Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
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Hu B, Chan JFW, Liu Y, Liu H, Chen YX, Shuai H, Hu YF, Hartnoll M, Chen L, Xia Y, Hu JC, Yuen TTT, Yoon C, Hou Y, Huang X, Chai Y, Zhu T, Shi J, Wang Y, He Y, Cai JP, Zhou J, Yuan S, Zhang J, Huang JD, Yuen KY, To KKW, Zhang BZ, Chu H. Divergent trajectory of replication and intrinsic pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron post-BA.2/5 subvariants in the upper and lower respiratory tract. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104916. [PMID: 38101297 PMCID: PMC10733096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier Omicron subvariants including BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 emerged in waves, with a subvariant replacing the previous one every few months. More recently, the post-BA.2/5 subvariants have acquired convergent substitutions in spike that facilitated their escape from humoral immunity and gained ACE2 binding capacity. However, the intrinsic pathogenicity and replication fitness of the evaluated post-BA.2/5 subvariants are not fully understood. METHODS We systemically investigated the replication fitness and intrinsic pathogenicity of representative post-BA.2/5 subvariants (BL.1, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1, CH.1.1, and XBB.1.5) in weanling (3-4 weeks), adult (8-10 weeks), and aged (10-12 months) mice. In addition, to better model Omicron replication in the human nasal epithelium, we further investigated the replication capacity of the post-BA.2/5 subvariants in human primary nasal epithelial cells. FINDINGS We found that the evaluated post-BA.2/5 subvariants are consistently attenuated in mouse lungs but not in nasal turbinates when compared with their ancestral subvariants BA.2/5. Further investigations in primary human nasal epithelial cells revealed a gained replication fitness of XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 when compared to BA.2 and BA.5.2. INTERPRETATION Our study revealed that the post-BA.2/5 subvariants are attenuated in lungs while increased in replication fitness in the nasal epithelium, indicating rapid adaptation of the circulating Omicron subvariants in the human populations. FUNDING The full list of funding can be found at the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yan-Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Madeline Hartnoll
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chaemin Yoon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiner Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yue Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tianrenzheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jialu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yixin He
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Diven M, Dillard A, Khani F, Wolfe S, Davicioni E, Hakansson A, Liu S, McClure TD, Hu JC, Scherr DS, Barbieri CE, Nagar H, Marciscano AE. Longitudinal Profiling of Tumor RNA Expression Signatures Reveal Key Biological Features Associated with Response to Neoadjuvant Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e249. [PMID: 37784972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a safe and effective treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). PREPARE-SBRT is a clinical trial testing the safety of neoadjuvant MRI-guided SBRT for men with high-risk localized PCa. We leveraged paired samples from pre-treatment biopsy and irradiated prostatectomy (RP) specimens to evaluate transcriptomic changes in irradiated tumors at acute time points following neoadjuvant SBRT. MATERIALS/METHODS Tumor RNA expression profiles were generated using Decipher GRID by Veracyte on 12 subjects with paired pre- and post-SBRT tissues (n = 24). Descriptive statistics using gene expression profiles describing key biological features [DNA damage & repair (DDR), tumor proliferation, suppressed immune, activated immune, tumor microenvironment (TME)] and an exploratory analysis of RT sensitivity score with binary classification as sensitive or resistant were reported. A control cohort of transcriptomic profiles of 803 matched untreated biopsy and matching RP samples from the same subjects were used to control for signature differences attributable to sample type. RESULTS Key tumor biology signatures most frequently observed were DDR (15/24), TME (11/24) and tumor proliferation (11/24). Signatures associated with tumor proliferation were disproportionately represented in pre-treatment samples (10/11) whereas TME-associated signatures were enriched predominantly in irradiated RP samples (8/11). Collectively, immune-related immune signatures skewed towards immune activation. All 3 samples annotated with suppressed immune signatures were from pre-treatment specimens whereas 75% (6/8) of samples annotated with activated immune status were from irradiated specimens. Additionally, conversion from suppressed to activated immune status was observed in 2 of 3 subjects (66%). In total, 42% of specimens (10/24) were designated as radio-resistant by RT sensitivity score. Among 8 baseline specimens annotated with RT resistant status, 75% of subjects (6/8) converted to RT sensitive status after neoadjuvant SBRT. Interestingly, in the two subjects with persistent radio-resistant status in pre- and post-samples there was associated with upregulation of TGF-β or PI3K-AKT pathway activation signatures. CONCLUSION Pre- and post-SBRT transcriptomic signatures were heterogeneous and dynamic in a cohort of 12 patients with high-risk localized PCa highlighting the importance of studying longitudinal changes in individual patients. These data highlight an opportunity to leverage tumor RNA expression profiles to personalize patient and treatment selection and augment radiation response assessment. CLINICAL TRIALS gov ID (NCT03663218).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - A Dillard
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - F Khani
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - S Liu
- GenomeDx, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T D McClure
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Diven M, Marciscano AE, Zhou XK, Wolfe S, Kishan AU, Steinberg ML, Camilleri P, Nauseef J, Molina A, Sternberg C, Nanus D, Tagawa ST, Margolis D, Osborne JR, McClure TD, Hu JC, Scherr DS, Barbieri CE, Nagar H. Randomized Trial of Five or Two MRI-guided Adaptive Radiotherapy Treatments for Prostate Cancer (FORT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e378. [PMID: 37785281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The objective of this randomized clinical trial is to demonstrate that 2 treatments of real-time MRI-guided radiotherapy (RT) does not significantly increase patient-reported GI and GU symptoms compared to 5 treatments of RT 2 years after treatment completion (24 months). MATERIALS/METHODS Key Eligibility Criteria: Inclusion Criteria 1. Men aged > 18 with histologically confirmed low or intermediate risk prostate cancer per NCCN guidelines. 2. ECOG 0 - 1 3. IPSS < 18 4. Ability to receive MRI-guided radiotherapy. 5. Ability to complete the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire. Exclusion Criteria 1. Prior history of receiving pelvic RT. 2. Patient with history of IBD. 3. Hip replacements. 4. History of bladder neck or urethral stricture. 5. TURP < 8 weeks prior to RT 6. Metastatic (pelvic nodal or distant) disease on CT, Bone, and/or PSMA PET scan. Study Design/Endpoints: This is a randomized phase II non-inferiority trial comparing 2 fractions of ultrahypofractionated RT (25 Gy total with optional PSMA/MRI boost to 28 Gy) versus 5 fractions of ultra-hypofractionated RT (37.5 Gy total with optional PSMA/MRI boost to 45 Gy) in the definitive setting for prostate cancer. Subjects will be stratified based on pre-specified stratification factors and randomized 1:1 to receive 2 or 5 fractions using permuted block randomization. The primary endpoint is the change in patient-reported GI and GU symptoms as measured by EPIC at 2 years from end of treatment. Secondary endpoints will include both the safety endpoints including change in GI and GU symptoms at 3, 6, 12 and 60 months from end of treatment, and multiple efficacy endpoints including time to progression, prostate cancer specific survival and overall survival. SAMPLE SIZE The sample size is calculated based on a non-inferiority design. The non-inferiority margins are set to be a change score of 6 points for the GI symptoms and 5 points for the GU symptoms. The standard deviations of the change scores are assumed to be 13.2 for the GI symptoms and 10.5 for the GU symptoms based on estimates generated in RTOG 0415 trial. This level of change in scores are deemed as clinically meaningful. For example, 6 points of change score for GI symptoms corresponds to two symptoms worsening by 1 level (i.e., loose stools and frequency of bowel movements change from "no problem" to "very small problem") or one of the symptoms worsening by 2 levels (i.e., loose stool change from "no problem" to "small problem"). A sample size of 122 with 61 in each arm will ensure 80% power for GI endpoint and 83% power for GU endpoint to detect non-inferiority using a one-sided two-sample t-test at the significance level of 0.05. Adjusting for a projected 10% EPIC/non-compliance rate, 136 patients (68 per arm) will be randomized. Stratification Factors: Patients will be stratified according to baseline EPIC bowel and urinary domain scores and country of treatment. Enrollment: Twenty patients. RESULTS To be determined. CONCLUSION To be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - X K Zhou
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - A U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M L Steinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P Camilleri
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Nauseef
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - A Molina
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - D Nanus
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - S T Tagawa
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - D Margolis
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - T D McClure
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
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Diven M, Hakansson A, Liu Y, Davicioni E, Dillard A, Khani F, Wolfe S, Hu JC, Scherr DS, McClure TD, Barbieri CE, Nagar H, Marciscano AE. Dynamic Changes of Molecular Subtype Classification and Genomic Classifier Scores in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Pre-Operative Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e377. [PMID: 37785279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The radiobiology of irradiated human prostate cancer (PCa) remains poorly understood as irradiated tissues often remain in situ. PREPARE-SBRT (NCT03663218) is a clinical trial testing the safety of neoadjuvant MRI-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for men with high-risk PCa. We leveraged paired samples from pre-treatment biopsy and irradiated prostatectomy (RP) specimens to evaluate transcriptomic changes in irradiated tumors at acute timepoints following SBRT. MATERIALS/METHODS Tumor RNA expression profiles were generated using Decipher GRID by Veracyte on 12 subjects enrolled on NCT03663218 with paired pre/post-SBRT tissues (n = 24). Descriptive statistics using Decipher Genomic Classifier (GC) Score [0-1] and GC risk group (low/int/high) were generated from a validated 22-gene GC. Tumor biology signatures reported as dichotomous variables evaluated changes in androgen receptor (AR) activity [higher v lower] and cell cycle progression (CCP) [lower v higher]. Decipher prostate subtype classifier [PSC, luminal differentiated (LD), luminal proliferating (LP), basal immune (BI), basal neuroendocrine like (BN)] classification and PAM50 molecular subtype [luminal A (lumA), luminal B (lumB), basal] at pre/post-SBRT timepoints were reported. A control cohort of transcriptomic profiles of 803 matched untreated biopsy and RP samples from the same patients were used to control for signature differences attributable to sample type. RESULTS The median pre- and post-SBRT GC scores were 0.55 and 0.72 (Δ+0.17), respectively. By comparison, median GC scores in a control cohort (n = 803) of biopsy and RP specimens were 0.50 and 0.56 (Δ+0.06), respectively. SBRT increased GC score in 9/12 subjects (75%) with a median increase of 0.3. Changes in GC score resulted in reclassification of baseline GC risk in 7 of 12 subjects with 71% of reclassified subjects (5/7) transitioning to a higher genomic risk. 92% of subjects (11/12) had higher AR activity scores at baseline. Of this subgroup, 5/11 (45%) converted to lower AR activity score after SBRT. CCP signatures remained stable in 9 of 12 subjects (75%) with 7/12 subjects exhibiting lower CCP score at baseline and only 1 subject transitioning from lower to higher CCP score. Distribution of PAM50 molecular subtype at baseline and after SBRT was lumA (33>53%), lumB (25>17%), basal (42>25%) resulting in 83% of subjects (10/12) annotated to a different PAM50 molecular subtype at pre/post-SBRT assessment. PSC subtype distribution at baseline was LD (33%), LP (25%), BI (33%) and BN (8%). Strikingly, after SBRT, 92% (11/12) of subjects were classified as BI molecular subtype with several immune activation signatures also increased after SBRT. CONCLUSION A majority of subjects demonstrate a post-SBRT increase in GC score with reclassification of genomic-prognostic risk group in 58%. An enrichment of the basal-immune molecular subtype was observed following SBRT suggesting a convergence towards this biology in irradiated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | - Y Liu
- Veracyte Inc., San Diego, CA
| | | | - A Dillard
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - F Khani
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - T D McClure
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Shuai H, Chan JFW, Hu B, Chai Y, Yoon C, Liu H, Liu Y, Shi J, Zhu T, Hu JC, Hu YF, Hou Y, Huang X, Yuen TTT, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xia Y, Chen LL, Cai JP, Zhang AJ, Yuan S, Zhou J, Zhang BZ, Huang JD, Yuen KY, To KKW, Chu H. The viral fitness and intrinsic pathogenicity of dominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104753. [PMID: 37579626 PMCID: PMC10448076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the Omicron sublineages that have emerged, BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and their related sublineages have resulted in the largest number of infections. While recent studies demonstrated that all Omicron sublineages robustly escape neutralizing antibody response, it remains unclear on whether these Omicron sublineages share any pattern of evolutionary trajectory on their replication efficiency and intrinsic pathogenicity along the respiratory tract. METHODS We compared the virological features, replication capacity of dominant Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 in the human nasal epithelium, and characterized their pathogenicity in K18-hACE2, A129, young C57BL/6, and aged C57BL/6 mice. FINDINGS We found that BA.5 replicated most robustly, followed by BA.2 and BA.1, in the differentiated human nasal epithelium. Consistently, BA.5 infection resulted in higher viral gene copies, infectious viral titres and more abundant viral antigen expression in the nasal turbinates of the infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. In contrast, the Omicron sublineages are continuously attenuated in lungs of infected K18-hACE2 and C57BL/6 mice, leading to decreased pathogenicity. Nevertheless, lung manifestations remain severe in Omicron sublineages-infected A129 and aged C57BL/6 mice. INTERPRETATION Our results suggested that the Omicron sublineages might be gaining intrinsic replication fitness in the upper respiratory tract, therefore highlighting the importance of global surveillance of the emergence of hyper-transmissive Omicron sublineages. On the contrary, replication and intrinsic pathogenicity of Omicron is suggested to be further attenuated in the lower respiratory tract. Effective vaccination and other precautions should be in place to prevent severe infections in the immunocompromised populations at risk. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yue Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chaemin Yoon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuanchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jialu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tianrenzheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiner Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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7
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Hu YF, Yuen TTT, Gong HR, Hu B, Hu JC, Lin XS, Rong L, Zhou CL, Chen LL, Wang X, Lei C, Yau T, Hung IFN, To KKW, Yuen KY, Zhang BZ, Chu H, Huang JD. Rational design of a booster vaccine against COVID-19 based on antigenic distance. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1301-1316.e8. [PMID: 37527659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Current COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective against symptomatic disease, but repeated booster doses using vaccines based on the ancestral strain offer limited additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). To address this, we used antigenic distance to in silico select optimized booster vaccine seed strains effective against both current and future VOCs. Our model suggests that a SARS-CoV-1-based booster vaccine has the potential to cover a broader range of VOCs. Candidate vaccines including the spike protein from ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta, Omicron (BA.1), SARS-CoV-1, or MERS-CoV were experimentally evaluated in mice following two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. The SARS-CoV-1-based booster vaccine outperformed other candidates in terms of neutralizing antibody breadth and duration, as well as protective activity against Omicron (BA.2) challenge. This study suggests a unique strategy for selecting booster vaccines based on antigenic distance, which may be useful in designing future booster vaccines as new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; BayVax Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 19/F Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua-Rui Gong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 19/F Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Rong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Coco Luyao Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 19/F Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaobi Lei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Thomas Yau
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 19/F Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 19/F Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Zhong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 19/F Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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8
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Hu JC, Liu Y. [Application of osteoconductive substitute materials in pre-implantation alveolar site preservation]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 58:864-870. [PMID: 37550050 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230621-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce bone resorption after tooth extraction and achieve the necessary soft and hard tissue augmentation, it is very important to adequately manage the tooth extraction site. Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) before implantation helps to obtain predictable and satisfactory bone augmentation results. In this paper, the characteristics, histological studies, clinical applications and therapeutic effects of osteoconductive alternative materials in ARP are introduced, and related references are provided for their application in ARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
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9
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Chan JFW, Hu B, Chai Y, Shuai H, Liu H, Shi J, Liu Y, Yoon C, Zhang J, Hu JC, Hou Y, Huang X, Yuen TTT, Zhu T, Li W, Cai JP, Luo C, Yip CCY, Zhang AJ, Zhou J, Yuan S, Zhang BZ, Huang JD, To KKW, Yuen KY, Chu H. Virological features and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100743. [PMID: 36084644 PMCID: PMC9420712 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.2 was a dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant worldwide. Recent reports hint that BA.2 is similarly potent regarding antibody evasion but may be more transmissible than BA.1. The pathogenicity of BA.2 remains unclear and is of critical public health significance. Here we investigated the virological features and pathogenicity of BA.2 with in vitro and in vivo models. We show that BA.2 is less dependent on transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) for virus entry in comparison with BA.1 in vitro. In K18-hACE2 mice, BA.2 replicates more efficiently than BA.1 in the nasal turbinates and replicates marginally less efficiently in the lungs, leading to decreased body weight loss and improved survival. Our study indicates that BA.2 is similarly attenuated in lungs compared with BA.1 but is potentially more transmissible because of its better replication at the nasal turbinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yue Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jialu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuanchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chaemin Yoon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiner Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tianrenzheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cyril Chik-Yan Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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10
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Zhang BZ, Shuai H, Gong HR, Hu JC, Yan B, Yuen TTT, Hu YF, Yoon C, Wang XL, Hou Y, Lin X, Huang X, Li R, Au-Yeung YM, Li W, Hu B, Chai Y, Yue M, Cai JP, Ling GS, Hung IFN, Yuen KY, Chan JFW, Huang JD, Chu H. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-induced trained immunity protects against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in K18-hACE2 mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157393. [PMID: 35446790 PMCID: PMC9220951 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed in over 450 million confirmed cases since 2019. Although several vaccines have been certified by the WHO and people are being vaccinated on a global scale, it has been reported that multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants can escape neutralization by antibodies, resulting in vaccine breakthrough infections. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is known to induce heterologous protection based on trained immune responses. Here, we investigated whether BCG-induced trained immunity protected against SARS-CoV-2 in the K18-hACE2 mouse model. Our data demonstrate that i.v. BCG (BCG-i.v.) vaccination induces robust trained innate immune responses and provides protection against WT SARS-CoV-2, as well as the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants. Further studies suggest that myeloid cell differentiation and activation of the glycolysis pathway are associated with BCG-induced training immunity in K18-hACE2 mice. Overall, our study provides the experimental evidence that establishes a causal relationship between BCG-i.v. vaccination and protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhong Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shen Zhen, China
| | - Huiping Shuai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Rui Gong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shen Zhen, China
| | - Bingpeng Yan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chaemin Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuxin Hou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xuansheng Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiner Huang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yee Man Au-Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjun Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shen Zhen, China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yue Chai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guang Sheng Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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11
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Hu YF, Hu JC, Gong HR, Danchin A, Sun R, Chu H, Hung IFN, Yuen KY, To KKW, Zhang BZ, Yau T, Huang JD. Computation of Antigenicity Predicts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Variants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861050. [PMID: 35401572 PMCID: PMC8987580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta can reduce neutralization by antibodies, resulting in vaccine breakthrough infections. Virus–antiserum neutralization assays are typically performed to monitor potential vaccine breakthrough strains. However, experiment-based methods took several weeks whether newly emerging variants can break through current vaccines or therapeutic antibodies. To address this, we sought to establish a computational model to predict the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variants by sequence alone. In this study, we firstly identified the relationship between the antigenic difference transformed from the amino acid sequence and the antigenic distance from the neutralization titers. Based on this correlation, we obtained a computational model for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein to predict the fold decrease in virus–antiserum neutralization titers with high accuracy (~0.79). Our predicted results were comparable to experimental neutralization titers of variants, including Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Epsilon, Iota, Kappa, and Lambda, as well as SARS-CoV. Here, we predicted the fold of decrease of Omicron as 17.4-fold less susceptible to neutralization. We visualized all 1,521 SARS-CoV-2 lineages to indicate variants including Mu, B.1.630, B.1.633, B.1.649, and C.1.2, which can induce vaccine breakthrough infections in addition to reported VOCs Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Our study offers a quick approach to predict the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variants as soon as they emerge. Furthermore, this approach can facilitate future vaccine updates to cover all major variants. An online version can be accessed at http://jdlab.online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Rui Gong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Antoine Danchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Kodikos Labs, Paris, France
| | - Ren Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SARS, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SARS, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SARS, China
| | - Bao-Zhong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Bao-Zhong Zhang, ; Thomas Yau, ; Jian-Dong Huang,
| | - Thomas Yau
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Bao-Zhong Zhang, ; Thomas Yau, ; Jian-Dong Huang,
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bao-Zhong Zhang, ; Thomas Yau, ; Jian-Dong Huang,
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12
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Shuai H, Chan JFW, Hu B, Chai Y, Yuen TTT, Yin F, Huang X, Yoon C, Hu JC, Liu H, Shi J, Liu Y, Zhu T, Zhang J, Hou Y, Wang Y, Lu L, Cai JP, Zhang AJ, Zhou J, Yuan S, Brindley MA, Zhang BZ, Huang JD, To KKW, Yuen KY, Chu H. Attenuated replication and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron. Nature 2022; 603:693-699. [PMID: 35062016 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron emerged in November 2021 and is rapidly spreading among the human population1. While recent reports reveal that the Omicron variant robustly escapes from vaccine and therapeutic neutralization antibodies2-10, the pathogenicity of the virus remains unknown. Here we show that the replication of the Omicron variant is dramatically attenuated in Calu3 and Caco2 cells. Further mechanistic investigations reveal that the Omicron variant is inefficient in transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) usage in comparison to that of WT and previous variants, which may explain its reduced replication in Calu3 and Caco2 cells. Omicron replication is markedly attenuated in both the upper and lower respiratory tract of infected K18-hACE2 mice in comparison to that of WT and Delta variant, which results in its dramatically ameliorated lung pathology. When compared with SARS-CoV-2 WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variant, infection by the Omicron variant causes the least body weight loss and mortality rate. Overall, our study demonstrates that the Omicron variant is attenuated in virus replication and pathogenicity in mice in comparison with WT and previous variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiner Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaemin Yoon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrenzheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. .,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Shuai H, Chan JFW, Yuen TTT, Yoon C, Hu JC, Wen L, Hu B, Yang D, Wang Y, Hou Y, Huang X, Chai Y, Chan CCS, Poon VKM, Lu L, Zhang RQ, Chan WM, Ip JD, Chu AWH, Hu YF, Cai JP, Chan KH, Zhou J, Sridhar S, Zhang BZ, Yuan S, Zhang AJ, Huang JD, To KKW, Yuen KY, Chu H. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants expand species tropism to murines. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103643. [PMID: 34689086 PMCID: PMC8530107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildtype mice are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, including B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and P.3, contain mutations in spike that has been suggested to associate with an increased recognition of mouse ACE2, raising the postulation that these SARS-CoV-2 variants may have evolved to expand species tropism to wildtype mouse and potentially other murines. Our study evaluated this possibility with substantial public health importance. METHODS We investigated the capacity of wildtype (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 variants in infecting mice (Mus musculus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus) under in vitro and in vivo settings. Susceptibility to infection was evaluated with RT-qPCR, plaque assays, immunohistological stainings, and neutralization assays. FINDINGS Our results reveal that B.1.1.7 and other N501Y-carrying variants but not WT SARS-CoV-2 can infect wildtype mice. High viral genome copies and high infectious virus particle titres are recovered from the nasal turbinate and lung of B.1.1.7-inocluated mice for 4-to-7 days post infection. In agreement with these observations, robust expression of viral nucleocapsid protein and histopathological changes are detected from the nasal turbinate and lung of B.1.1.7-inocluated mice but not that of the WT SARS-CoV-2-inoculated mice. Similarly, B.1.1.7 readily infects wildtype rats with production of infectious virus particles. INTERPRETATION Our study provides direct evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 variant, B.1.1.7, as well as other N501Y-carrying variants including B.1.351 and P.3, has gained the capability to expand species tropism to murines and public health measures including stringent murine control should be implemented to facilitate the control of the ongoing pandemic. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Academician workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, and Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chaemin Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiner Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yue Chai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Chung-Sing Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rui-Qi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jonathan Daniel Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Allen Wing-Ho Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Academician workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, and Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Zhang BZ, Wang X, Yuan S, Li W, Dou Y, Poon VKM, Chan CCS, Cai JP, Chik KK, Tang K, Chan CCY, Hu YF, Hu JC, Badea SR, Gong HR, Lin X, Chu H, Li X, To KKW, Liu L, Chen Z, Hung IFN, Yuen KY, Chan JFW, Huang JD. A novel linker-immunodominant site (LIS) vaccine targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protects against severe COVID-19 in Syrian hamsters. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:874-884. [PMID: 33890550 PMCID: PMC8118541 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1921621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unlikely to abate until sufficient herd immunity is built up by either natural infection or vaccination. We previously identified ten linear immunodominant sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of which four are located within the RBD. Therefore, we designed two linkerimmunodominant site (LIS) vaccine candidates which are composed of four immunodominant sites within the RBD (RBD-ID) or all the 10 immunodominant sites within the whole spike (S-ID). They were administered by subcutaneous injection and were tested for immunogenicity and in vivo protective efficacy in a hamster model for COVID-19. We showed that the S-ID vaccine induced significantly better neutralizing antibody response than RBD-ID and alum control. As expected, hamsters vaccinated by S-ID had significantly less body weight loss, lung viral load, and histopathological changes of pneumonia. The S-ID has the potential to be an effective vaccine for protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Dou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Chris Chung-Sing Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenn KaHeng Chik
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Chris Chun-Yiu Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Smaranda Ruxandra Badea
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Rui Gong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuansheng Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
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15
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Salinas EY, Aryaei A, Paschos N, Berson E, Kwon H, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Shear stress induced by fluid flow produces improvements in tissue-engineered cartilage. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045010. [PMID: 32640430 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aba412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to create implantable biomaterials for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. In vitro tissue engineering is generally based on static culture, which limits access to nutrients and lacks mechanical signaling. Using shear stress is controversial because in some cases it can lead to cell death while in others it promotes tissue regeneration. To understand how shear stress works and how it may be used to improve neotissue function, a series of studies were performed. First, a tunable device was designed to determine optimal levels of shear stress for neotissue formation. Then, computational fluid dynamics modeling showed the device applies fluid-induced shear (FIS) stress spanning three orders of magnitude on tissue-engineered cartilage (neocartilage). A beneficial window of FIS stress was subsequently identified, resulting in up to 3.6-fold improvements in mechanical properties of neocartilage in vitro. In vivo, neocartilage matured as evidenced by the doubling of collagen content toward native values. Translation of FIS stress to human derived neocartilage was then demonstrated, yielding analogous improvements in mechanical properties, such as 168% increase in tensile modulus. To gain an understanding of the beneficial roles of FIS stress, a mechanistic study was performed revealing a mechanically gated complex on the primary cilia of chondrocytes that is activated by FIS stress. This series of studies places FIS stress into the arena as a meaningful mechanical stimulation strategy for creating robust and translatable neotissues, and demonstrates the ease of incorporating FIS stress in tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Salinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3131 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States of America. Authors contributed equally to this work
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16
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Zhang BZ, Hu YF, Chen LL, Yau T, Tong YG, Hu JC, Cai JP, Chan KH, Dou Y, Deng J, Wang XL, Hung IFN, To KKW, Yuen KY, Huang JD. Mining of epitopes on spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 patients. Cell Res 2020; 30:702-704. [PMID: 32612199 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.056853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious threat to global public health, and imposes severe burdens on the entire human society. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause severe respiratory illness and death. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs that can treat COVID-19. Several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being actively developed by research groups around the world. The surface S (spike) protein and the highly expressed internal N (nucleocapsid) protein of SARS-CoV-2 are widely considered as promising candidates for vaccines. In order to guide the design of an effective vaccine, we need experimental data on these potential epitope candidates. In this study, we mapped the immunodominant (ID) sites of S protein using sera samples collected from recently discharged COVID-19 patients. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific antibody levels in the sera of recovered COVID-19 patients were strongly correlated with the neutralising antibody titres. We used epitope mapping to determine the landscape of ID sites of S protein, which identified nine linearized B cell ID sites. Four out of the nine ID sites were found in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Further analysis showed that these ID sites are potential high-affinity SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding sites. Peptides containing two out of the nine sites were tested as vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 in a mouse model. We detected epitope-specific antibodies and SARS-CoV-2-neutralising activity in the immunised mice. This study for the first time provides human serological data for the design of vaccines against COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Betacoronavirus/chemistry
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/blood
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Middle Aged
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Phosphoproteins
- Pneumonia, Viral/blood
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Yau
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Gang Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering (BAIC-SM), College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Dou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Zhang BZ, Hu YF, Chen LL, Yau T, Tong YG, Hu JC, Cai JP, Chan KH, Dou Y, Deng J, Wang XL, Hung IFN, To KKW, Yuen KY, Huang JD. Mining of epitopes on spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 patients. Cell Res 2020; 30:702-704. [PMID: 32612199 PMCID: PMC7327194 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye-Fan Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Yau
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Gang Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering (BAIC-SM), College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Dou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F Professional Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 19/F T Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Wu LY, Chen JH, Lai BJ, Hu JC. [The effect of oxytocin on fear responses: bidirectional regulation or methodological issues?]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2019; 71:905-916. [PMID: 31879746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the core symptoms in anxiety disorders is dysregulated fear response. It is crucial for psychologists and neuroscientists to understand how fear responses are enhanced and inhibited. Although oxytocin (OXT) was initially conceived as a prosocial molecule and mammalian neuropeptide that enhances cooperation and trust, later studies showed that it produces modulatory influence on fear responses. Therefore, OXT is now regarded as a promising pharmacological agent to boost treatment response in anxiety disorders. However, the effect of OXT on fear responses have been somewhat complex, and there are some contradictions among animal experiments and human studies. In this article, we summarize recent studies that employed animal models, brain region-specific manipulations and preclinical studies to explore the role of OXT in the acquisition and processing of fear response. We also discuss the methodological differences among these studies and review the potential factors that may contribute to the complicated effect of OXT on fear response. This review will help to promote the potential clinical application of OXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Bao-Jun Lai
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jing-Chu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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19
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Abstract
There is growing recognition that caring for a patient with schizophrenia often results in high levels of perceived burden and poorer overall mental health for caregivers. A quantitative cross-sectional design and standardized instruments were used to collect data from 355 primary caregivers of adults in outpatient care with schizophrenia in China. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the association between caregiver burden and mental health among primary caregivers and whether this association is influenced by personality, coping style, and family functioning, based on a diathesis-stress perspective. Goodness-of-fit indices (χ2 /df = 1.406, GFI = 0.919, CFI = 0.957, etc.) confirmed that the modified model fit the data well. In line with the diathesis-stress model, and with this study's hypotheses, we found that caregiver burden was significantly related to mental health outcomes directly. The final model showed that personality traits, coping style, and family function influenced the relationship between caregiver burden and mental health. The neuroticism personality traits have a direct effect on caregiver burden and family functioning in this sample. Coping style had a direct effect on the caregiver burden, and family functioning had a direct effect on the caregiver burden. Our final model about primary caregivers can be applied clinically to predict mental health outcomes from caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, GuangZhou, China
- College of Education, JingGangShan University, Ji'An, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Education Center of Master of Social Work, JingGangShan University, Ji'An, China
| | - Jize Hu
- College of Psychology and Sociology, ShenZhen University, ShenZhen, China
| | - JingChu Hu
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, GuangZhou, China
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20
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Haudenschild AK, Sherlock BE, Zhou X, Hu JC, Leach JK, Marcu L, Athanasiou KA, Athanasiou KA. Nondestructive fluorescence lifetime imaging and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy detect cartilage matrix depletion and correlate with mechanical properties. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 36:30-43. [PMID: 30051455 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v036a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineers utilize a battery of expensive, time-consuming and destructive techniques to assess the composition and function of engineered tissues. A nondestructive solution to monitor tissue maturation would reduce costs and accelerate product development. As a first step toward this goal, two nondestructive, label-free optical techniques, namely multispectral fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIm) and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS), were investigated for their potential in evaluating the biochemical and mechanical properties of articular cartilage. Enzymatic treatments were utilized to selectively deplete cartilage of either collagen or proteoglycan, to produce a range of matrix compositions. Samples were assessed for their optical properties using a fiber-coupled optical system combining FLIm and TRFS, their biochemical and mechanical properties and by histological staining. Single and multivariable correlations were performed to evaluate relationships among these properties. FLIm- and TRFS-derived measurements are sensitive to changes in cartilage matrix and correlate with mechanical and biochemical assays. Mean fluorescence lifetime values extracted from FLIm images (375-410 nm spectral band) showed strong, specific correlations with collagen content (R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001) and tensile properties (R2 = 0.45, p = 0.02). TRFS lifetime measurements centered at 520 nm (with a 5 nm bandwidth) possessed strong, specific correlations with proteoglycan content (R2 = 0.59, p = 0.001) and compressive properties (R2 = 0.71, p < 0.001). Nondestructive optical assessment of articular cartilage, using a combination of FLIm- and TRFS-derived parameters, provided a quantitative method for determining tissue biochemical composition and mechanical function. These tools hold great potential for research, industrial and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - K A Athanasiou
- University of California Irvine, 3418 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697,
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21
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Mahal BA, Chen YW, Muralidhar V, Mahal AR, Choueiri TK, Hoffman KE, Hu JC, Sweeney CJ, Yu JB, Feng FY, Kim SP, Beard CJ, Martin NE, Trinh QD, Nguyen PL. Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among prostate-specific antigen screening eligible populations in the United States. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1098-1104. [PMID: 28453693 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2012, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, despite evidence that Black men are at a higher risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). We evaluated whether Black men of potentially screening-eligible age (55-69 years) are at a disproportionally high risk of poor outcomes. Patients and methods The SEER database was used to study 390 259 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States between 2004 and 2011. Multivariable logistic regression modeled the association between Black race and stage of presentation, while Fine-Gray competing risks regression modeled the association between Black race and PCSM, both as a function of screening eligibility (age 55-69 years versus not). Results Black men were more likely to present with metastatic disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.65; 1.58-1.72; P < 0.001) and were at a higher risk of PCSM (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.36; 1.27-1.46; P < 0.001) compared to non-Black men. There were significant interactions between race and PSA-screening eligibility such that Black patients experienced more disproportionate rates of metastatic disease (AOR 1.76; 1.65-1.87 versus 1.55; 1.47-1.65; Pinteraction < 0.001) and PCSM (AHR 1.53; 1.37-1.70 versus 1.25; 1.14-1.37; Pinteraction = 0.01) in the potentially PSA-screening eligible group than in the group not eligible for screening. Conclusions Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among Black men are significantly worse in PSA-screening eligible populations. These results raise the possibility that Black men could be disproportionately impacted by recommendations to end PSA screening in the United States and suggest that Black race should be included in the updated USPSTF PSA screening guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Mahal
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Y-W Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - V Muralidhar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Deparment of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - A R Mahal
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology/Radiation Oncology, Yale, New Haven, USA
| | - T K Choueiri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - K E Hoffman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J C Hu
- Department of Urology, Cornell (New York-Presbyterian Hospital), New York, USA
| | - C J Sweeney
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - J B Yu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology/Radiation Oncology, Yale, New Haven, USA
| | - F Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S P Kim
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (University Hospitals), Cleveland, USA
| | - C J Beard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - N E Martin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Q-D Trinh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - P L Nguyen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
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22
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Accordino MK, Wright JD, Vasan S, Neugut AI, Hu JC, Hershman DL. Abstract P1-07-21: Use of serum tumor markers and high cost imaging in women with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p1-07-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Despite data on the sensitivity and specificity of serum tumor marker (STM) tests, there is no evidence to suggest that early changes in therapy related to rising tumor markers have an effect on survival. In fact, the limited data suggests no benefit to early change in therapy. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends monitoring cancer burden in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) undergoing therapy; however, they do not provide specific recommendations regarding optimal frequency of STMs or of tumor imaging. We performed a population based analysis to evaluate serum tumor marker usage in patients with hormone sensitive MBC.
Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database was used to identify female patients with hormone receptor positive MBC diagnosed between 2002 and 2011. For each patient, the dates of STMs (CEA and/or CA 15-3/CA 27.29) were recorded; if either or both CEA and CA 15-3/CA 27.29 were ordered on the same day they were counted as one test. We categorized regular STM use as the percentage of patients who had >4 tests in any year, amounting to tests less than 3 months apart; and very frequent STM use as the percentage of patients who had >12 tests in a year, amounting to tests less than 4 weeks apart. Multivariable analysis was performed to further examine patient characteristics associated with frequent STM use. Odds ratios were calculated comparing positron emission tomography (PET) scan use versus computed tomography (CT) use in women with frequent STM testing.
Results: We identified 3,251 eligible patients. Of these, 2,034 (62.6%) had ≥1 STM test in a given year. On average, patients who underwent STM testing were tested 4 times per year (SD 2.9) for an average of 3 years (SD 2.0). Over half of patients with STM testing had regular testing; 1,065 (52.2%) had STM less than every 3 months, 498 (24.5%) less than every 6 weeks, and 146 (7.2%) less than every 4 weeks apart in any given year. Regular STM evaluation was associated with younger age (65-74 vs 75-84) (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25-1.83), later year of diagnosis (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.04-1.69), and high socioeconomic status compared to low socioeconomic status (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08-1.73). Similar factors were associated with very frequent STM use (>12 tests/year). Use of PET scan for tumor imaging compared to CT scan use was higher in women with regular STM evaluation (OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.65-2.35) and in women with very frequent STM evaluation (OR=3.77, 95% CI 2.51-5.66).
Conclusion: Regular use of STMs is common in women with hormone receptor positive MBC. Women who had very frequent STMs were almost 4 times more likely to have expensive tumor imaging. Given the rising costs of cancer care, and the increasing survival time in women with metastatic breast cancer, efforts should be made to determine the optimal timing and modality for evaluating response to treatment.
Citation Format: Accordino MK, Wright JD, Vasan S, Neugut AI, Hu JC, Hershman DL. Use of serum tumor markers and high cost imaging in women with metastatic breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- MK Accordino
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - JD Wright
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - S Vasan
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - AI Neugut
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - JC Hu
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
| | - DL Hershman
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY
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23
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Abdollah F, Sammon JD, Reznor G, Sood A, Schmid M, Klett DE, Sun M, Aizer AA, Choueiri TK, Hu JC, Kim SP, Kibel AS, Nguyen PL, Menon M, Trinh QD. Medical androgen deprivation therapy and increased non-cancer mortality in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients aged ≥66 years. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26210655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the potential relationship between androgen deprivation therapy and other-cause mortality (OCM) in patients with prostate cancer treated with medical primary-androgen deprivation therapy, prostatectomy, or radiation. METHODS A total of 137,524 patients with non-metastatic PCa treated between 1995 and 2009 within the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Medicare-linked database were included. Cox-regression analysis tested the association of ADT with OCM. A 40-item comorbidity score was used for adjustment. RESULTS Overall, 9.3% of patients harbored stage III-IV disease, and 57.7% of patients received ADT. The mean duration of ADT exposure was 22.9 months (median: 9.1; IQR: 2.8-31.5). Mean and median follow-up were 66.9, and 60.4 months, respectively. At 10 years, overall-OCM rate was 36.5%; it was 30.6% in patients treated without ADT vs. 40.1% in patients treated with ADT (p < 0.001). In multivariable-analysis, ADT was associated with an increased risk of OCM (Hazard-ratio [HR]: 1.11, 95% Confidence-interval [95% CI]: 1.08-1.13). Patients with no comorbidity (10-year OCM excess risk: 9%) were more subject to harm from ADT than patients with high comorbidity (10-year OCM excess risk: 4.7%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with PCa, treatment with medical ADT may increase the risk of mortality due to causes other than PCa. Whether this is a simple association or a cause-effect relationship is unknown and warrants further study in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abdollah
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - J D Sammon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - G Reznor
- Division of Urologic Surgery and Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Sood
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - M Schmid
- Division of Urologic Surgery and Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D E Klett
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - M Sun
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - A A Aizer
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J C Hu
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S P Kim
- Department of Urology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery and Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P L Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Menon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute & VUI Center for Outcomes Research Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Q-D Trinh
- Division of Urologic Surgery and Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Laviana AA, Williams SB, King ED, Chuang RJ, Hu JC. Robot assisted radical prostatectomy: the new standard? MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2015; 67:47-53. [PMID: 25424387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has grown increasingly popular and quickly equated itself as the most commonly used modality to treat locally-confined prostate cancer. Despite increased utilization, there is limited comparative research demonstrating superiority for RARP over the conventional radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Furthermore, though perioperative and short-term oncologic outcomes are equivalent if not superior for the robotic approach, the optimal utilization of robotic technology remains to be determined with cost serving as a primary driver. In this review, we performed a literature search to identify comparative effectiveness research as it pertains to RARP versus RRP. We performed a PubMed literature search for a review of articles published between 2000 and 2014 using the following keywords to identify pertinent research: "robot or robotic prostatectomy", "open or retropubic prostatectomy", "cost", "resource utilization". Long-term data comparing RARP and RRP remains limited, though short-term positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence-free survival, and need for adjuvant therapy appear at least equivocal, if not in favor of RARP versus RRP. Functional outcomes including return of continence and potency favor RARP while cost still favors RRP. Nonetheless, the generalization of results remains difficult with surgeon volume playing a large role in improving efficiency and quality. For the foreseeable future, an increasing number of prostatectomies will continue to be performed robotically. Though RARP appears to offer improved functional outcomes with good short-term oncologic outcomes, there is a need for longer-term studies to assess the true value of RARP. Outcomes aside, rigorous, prospective randomized-controlled trials must also be performed on the cost-effectiveness of RARP to determine its overall utility in an era of health care delivery reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Laviana
- Institute of Urologic Oncology Department of Urology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA -
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25
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Mahal BA, Inverso G, Aizer AA, Ziehr DR, Hyatt AS, Choueiri TK, Hoffman KE, Hu JC, Beard CJ, D'Amico AV, Martin NE, Orio PF, Trinh QD, Nguyen PL. Incidence and determinants of 1-month mortality after cancer-directed surgery. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:399-406. [PMID: 25430935 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Death within 1 month of surgery is considered treatment related and serves as an important health care quality metric. We sought to identify the incidence of and factors associated with 1-month mortality after cancer-directed surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program to study a cohort of 1 110 236 patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2011 with cancers that are among the 10 most common or most fatal who received cancer-directed surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with 1-month mortality after cancer-directed surgery. RESULTS A total of 53 498 patients (4.8%) died within 1 month of cancer-directed surgery. Patients who were married, insured, or who had a top 50th percentile income or educational status had lower odds of 1-month mortality from cancer-directed surgery {[adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.82; P < 0.001], (AOR 0.88; 95% CI 0.82-0.94; P < 0.001), (AOR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.97; P < 0.001), and (AOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-0.99; P = 0.043), respectively}. Patients who were non-white minority, male, or older (per year increase), or who had advanced tumor stage 4 disease all had a higher risk of 1-month mortality after cancer-directed surgery, with AORs of 1.13 (95% CI 1.11-1.15), P < 0.001; 1.11 (95% CI 1.08-1.13), P < 0.001; 1.02 (95% 1.02-1.03), P < 0.001; and 1.89 (95% CI 1.82-1.95), P < 0.001 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Unmarried, uninsured, non-white, male, older, less educated, and poorer patients were all at a significantly higher risk for death within 1 month of cancer-directed surgery. Efforts to reduce 1-month surgical mortality and eliminate sociodemographic disparities in this adverse outcome could significantly improve survival among patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Mahal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - D R Ziehr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - T K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - K E Hoffman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - J C Hu
- Department of Urology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | - P F Orio
- Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Q-D Trinh
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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26
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DuRaine GD, Arzi B, Lee JK, Lee CA, Responte DJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Biomechanical evaluation of suture-holding properties of native and tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2014; 14:73-81. [PMID: 24848644 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-014-0589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine suture-holding properties of tissue-engineered neocartilage relative to native articular cartilage. To this end, suture pull-out strength was quantified for native articular cartilage and for neocartilages possessing various mechanical properties. Suture-holding properties were examined in vitro and in vivo. Neocartilage from bovine chondrocytes was engineered using two sets of exogenous stimuli, resulting in neotissue of different biochemical compositions. Compressive and tensile properties and glycosaminoglycan, collagen, and pyridinoline cross-link contents were assayed (study 1). Suture pull-out strength was compared between neocartilage constructs, and bovine and leporine native cartilage. Uniaxial pull-out test until failure was performed after passing 6-0 Vicryl through each tissue (study 2). Subsequently, neocartilage was implanted into a rabbit model to examine short-term suture-holding ability in vivo (study 3). Neocartilage glycosaminoglycan and collagen content per wet weight reached 4.55 ± 1.62% and 4.21 ± 0.77%, respectively. Tensile properties for neocartilage constructs reached 2.6 ± 0.77% MPa for Young's modulus and 1.39 ± 0.63 MPa for ultimate tensile strength. Neocartilage reached ~ 33% of suture pull-out strength of native articular cartilage. Neocartilage cross-link content reached 50% of native values, and suture pull-out strength correlated positively with cross-link content (R² = 0.74). Neocartilage sutured into rabbit osteochondral defects was successfully maintained for 3 weeks. This study shows that pyridinoline cross-links in neocartilage may be vital in controlling suture pull-out strength. Neocartilage produced in vitro with one-third of native tissue pull-out strength appears sufficient for construct suturing and retention in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D DuRaine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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27
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Wang S, Choi M, Richardson AS, Reid BM, Seymen F, Yildirim M, Tuna E, Gençay K, Simmer JP, Hu JC. STIM1 and SLC24A4 Are Critical for Enamel Maturation. J Dent Res 2014; 93:94S-100S. [PMID: 24621671 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514527971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel formation depends upon the transcellular transport of Ca(2+) by ameloblasts, but little is known about the molecular mechanism, or even if the same process is operative during the secretory and maturation stages of amelogenesis. Identifying mutations in genes involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis that cause inherited enamel defects can provide insights into the molecular participants and potential mechanisms of Ca(2+) handling by ameloblasts. Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) is an ER transmembrane protein that activates membrane-specific Ca(2+) influx in response to the depletion of ER Ca(2+) stores. Solute carrier family 24, member 4 (SLC24A4), is a Na(+)/K(+)/Ca(2+) transporter that exchanges intracellular Ca(2+) and K(+) for extracellular Na(+). We identified a proband with syndromic hypomaturation enamel defects caused by a homozygous C to T transition (g.232598C>T c.1276C>T p.Arg426Cys) in STIM1, and a proband with isolated hypomaturation enamel defects caused by a homozygous C to T transition (g.124552C>T; c.437C>T; p.Ala146Val) in SLC24A4. Immunohistochemistry of developing mouse molars and incisors showed positive STIM1 and SLC24A4 signal specifically in maturation-stage ameloblasts. We conclude that enamel maturation is dependent upon STIM1 and SLC24A4 function, and that there are important differences in the Ca(2+) transcellular transport systems used by secretory- and maturation-stage ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Oral Health Sciences Program, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A S Richardson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B M Reid
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Yildirim
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Tuna
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Gençay
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Laviana AA, Hu JC. A comparison of the robotic-assisted versus retropubic radical prostatectomy. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2013; 65:161-170. [PMID: 23872627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
After Walsh's detailed anatomic description of pelvic anatomy in 1979, the retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) was the predominant surgical treatment for prostate cancer for more than twenty-five years. Over the past decade, however, the robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has grown increasingly popular and now is the most used surgical modality. Willingness to adopt this approach has been confounded by the novelty of technology and widespread marketing campaigns. In this article, we performed a literature search comparing radical retropubic prostatectomy to robotic-assisted radical prostetectomy with regard to perioperative, oncologic, and quality-of-life outcomes. We performed a PubMed literature search for a review of articles published between 2000 and 2013. Relevant articles were highlighted using the following keywords: robot or robotic prostatectomy, open or retropubic prostatectomy. Perioperative outcomes including decreased blood loss, fewer blood transfusions, and decreased length of hospital stay tend to favor RARP, while perioperative mortality is near negligible in both. Short-term positive surgical margins, prostate-specific antigen recurrence free survival, and need for salvage therapy following RARP are similar to RRP, though data at greater than ten years is limited. Preservation of urinary and sexual function and quality of life favored RARP, though this is dependent on surgeon technique. Finally, cost, though evolving, favors RRP. In our current state, most prostatectomies will continue to be perfromed robotically. Though there is evidence the robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy offers shorter lengths of stay, decreased intraoperative blood loss, faster return of sexual function and continence, there is a paucity on long-term oncologic outcomes. Rigorous, prospective randomized-controlled trials need to be performed to determine the long-term success of the robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy and whether it is cost-effective when its potential advantages are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Laviana
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Institute of Urologic OncologyLos Angeles, CA, USA -
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29
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Li YY, Wang YJ, Xie ZK, Wang RY, Qiu Y, Pan HQ, Hu JC. First Report of Lily Blight and Wilt Caused by Fusarium tricinctum in China. Plant Dis 2013; 97:993. [PMID: 30722565 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-12-1010-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lily (Lilium spp.) is one of the most well-known horticultural crops, and plays an important economic role in China. In September 2011, wilted plants were observed on Lilium oriental hybrid cultivar 'Sorbonne' growing in Longde County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Disease symptoms included wilting, stem and root rot, brown spots of bulbs and then bulbs rotting and spalling from the basal disc, plus a progressive yellowing and defoliation of the leaves from the base. Diseased plants were sampled from fields. Small pieces of symptomatic bulbs, stems, and roots from 10 different plants were surface disinfected with 75% ethanol for 30 s, 3% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min, and then washed three times in sterilize distilled water. The tissues were placed onto Martin Agar (2) at 25°C for 7 days. Nine isolates with morphology similar to Fusarium were obtained from the diseased tissues. Isolates were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA) and incubated at 25°C. Seven were identified as Fusarium oxysporum and one was F. solani, which have been reported as pathogens of lily in China (1). The other isolate, when grown on PDA, rapidly produced dense, white aerial mycelium that became pink with age and formed red pigments in the medium. On CLA, macroconidia with three to five septate were abundant, relatively slender, and curved to lunate. Microconidia were abundant, oval or pyriform, and one to two celled. Chlamydospores were in chains with smooth exine. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene of the fungus were amplified, with universal primers ITS1/ITS4 and EF1/EF2 primers respectively (3) and sequenced. In addition, the β-tubulin gene (β-tub) of the fungus was amplified with modified primers Btu-F-F01 (5'-CAGACMGGTCAGTGCGTAA-3') and Btu-F-R01 (5'-TCTTGGGGTCGAACATCTG-3') (4). BLASTn analysis showed that the ITS sequences of the isolate (GenBank Accession No. JX989827) had 98.9% similarity with those of F. tricinctum (EF611092, JF776665, and HM776425) and the EF-1α sequences of the isolate (JX989828) had 98.1% similarity with those of F. tricinctum (EU744837 and JX397850). The β-tub sequences of the isolate (JX989829) had 99.0% similarity with those of F. tricinctum (EU490236 and AB587077). The isolate was tested for pathogenicity. Two-month-old 'Sorbonne' seedlings were inoculated by placing 5 ml of conidial suspension (about 106 conidia per ml) over the roots of plants in each pot. Control plants were treated with sterile water in the same way. Plants were placed in a greenhouse at 22 to 25°C with a 15-h photoperiod. There were eight plants per pot and three replicates for each treatment. After 3 weeks, 87.5% of the inoculated plants exhibited browning of the root tips, root rot, and yellowing of the leaves, while control plants were symptomless. The pathogen was reisolated from the infected roots and identified as F. tricinctum, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium wilt of lily caused by F. tricinctum. This information will provide guidance for the control of lily wilt disease and add information useful for the production of lilies. References: (1) C. Li and J. J. Li. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. (in Chinese) 26:192, 1995. (2) J. P. Martin. Soil Sci. 38:215, 1950. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:2044, 1998. (4) M. Watanabe et al. BMC Evol. Biol. 11:322. 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Li
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Z K Xie
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - R Y Wang
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Qiu
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H Q Pan
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - J C Hu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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30
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Abstract
The frequency and impact of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders necessitate research in characterizing the joint's function. The 6 discal attachments have not yet been systematically characterized under tension. Understanding their role in joint function may guide our study of TMJ pathologies, including disc displacement. In the present study, a porcine model was used to characterize the attachments in tension anteroposteriorly and mediolaterally, based on previously identified similarities in the porcine and human masticatory behaviors and discal properties. Tensile stiffness, strength, toughness, and maximum strain were quantified. Collagen alignment was characterized via polarized light and scanning electron microscopy. Anisotropy was demonstrated in all attachments, with the exception of the anterior inferior attachment. Anteroposteriorly, the lateral attachment was stiffest (8.3 MPa) and the anterior superior was least stiff (1.4 MPa). Mediolaterally, the posterior superior attachment was stiffest (16.3 MPa) and the medial was least stiff (1.4 MPa). The greatest strain was observed in the lateral attachment in the mediolateral direction and the posterior superior attachment in the anteroposterior direction. With greatest strains in the most commonly observed directions of disc displacement, it is suggested that compromise in the posterior and lateral attachments contributes to partial lateral and anterior disc displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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31
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Zhang X, Guo BR, Cai LQ, Jiang T, Sun LD, Cui Y, Hu JC, Zhu J, Chen G, Tang XF, Sun GQ, Tang HY, Liu Y, Li M, Li QB, Cheng H, Gao M, Li P, Yang X, Zuo XB, Zheng XD, Wang PG, Wang J, Wang J, Liu JJ, Yang S, Li YR, Zhang XJ. Exome sequencing identified a missense mutation of EPS8L3 in Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis. J Med Genet 2012; 49:727-30. [PMID: 23099647 PMCID: PMC3512347 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis (MUHH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by coarse, wiry, twisted hair developed in early childhood and subsequent progressive hair loss. MUHH is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. No gene in 1p21.1-1q21.3 region responsible for MUHH has been identified. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed on two affected subjects, who had normal vertex hair and modest alopecia, and one unaffected individual from a four-generation MUHH family of which our previous linkage study mapped the MUHH locus on chromosome 1p21.1-1q21.3. RESULTS We identified a missense mutation in EPS8L3 (NM_024526.3: exon2: c.22G->A:p.Ala8Thr) within 1p21.1-1q21.3. Sanger sequencing confirmed the cosegregation of this mutation with the disease phenotype in the family by demonstrating the presence of the heterozygous mutation in all the eight affected and absence in all the seven unaffected individuals. This mutation was found to be absent in 676 unrelated healthy controls and 781 patients of other disease from another unpublished project of our group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that EPS8L3 is a causative gene for MUHH, which was helpful for advancing us on understanding of the pathogenesis of MUHH. Our study also has further demonstrated the effectiveness of combining exome sequencing with linkage information for identifying Mendelian disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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Zhang SQ, Jiang T, Li M, Zhang X, Ren YQ, Wei SC, Sun LD, Cheng H, Li Y, Yin XY, Hu ZM, Wang ZY, Liu Y, Guo BR, Tang HY, Tang XF, Ding YT, Wang JB, Li P, Wu BY, Wang W, Yuan XF, Hou JS, Ha WW, Wang WJ, Zhai YJ, Wang J, Qian FF, Zhou FS, Chen G, Zuo XB, Zheng XD, Sheng YJ, Gao JP, Liang B, Li P, Zhu J, Xiao FL, Wang PG, Cui Y, Li H, Liu SX, Gao M, Fan X, Shen SK, Zeng M, Sun GQ, Xu Y, Hu JC, He TT, Li YR, Yang HM, Wang J, Yu ZY, Zhang HF, Hu X, Yang K, Wang J, Zhao SX, Zhou YW, Liu JJ, Du WD, Zhang L, Xia K, Yang S, Wang J, Zhang XJ. Exome sequencing identifies MVK mutations in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1156-60. [PMID: 22983302 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited epidermal keratinization disorder whose etiology remains unclear. We performed exome sequencing in one unaffected and two affected individuals from a DSAP family. The mevalonate kinase gene (MVK) emerged as the only candidate gene located in previously defined linkage regions after filtering against existing SNP databases, eight HapMap exomes and 1000 Genomes Project data and taking into consideration the functional implications of the mutations. Sanger sequencing in 57 individuals with familial DSAP and 25 individuals with sporadic DSAP identified MVK mutations in 33% and 16% of these individuals (cases), respectively. All 14 MVK mutations identified in our study were absent in 676 individuals without DSAP. Our functional studies in cultured primary keratinocytes suggest that MVK has a role in regulating calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and could protect keratinocytes from apoptosis induced by type A ultraviolet radiation. Our results should help advance the understanding of DSAP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Monroe HR, Hu JC, Chiu MW. Methylchloroisothiazolinone / methylisothiazolinone and moist wipe dermatitis. Dermatol Online J 2010; 16:14. [PMID: 20492831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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35
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DiCarlo BB, Hu JC, Gross T, Vago R, Athanasiou KA. Biomaterial effects in articular cartilage tissue engineering using polyglycolic acid, a novel marine origin biomaterial, IGF-I, and TGF-beta 1. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009; 223:63-73. [PMID: 19239068 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine articular chondrocytes were seeded on either polyglycolic acid (PGA) non-woven mesh scaffolds or a biomatrix from the species Porites lutea (POR). These constructs were cultured for 6 weeks in the presence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (10 ng/ml or 100 ng/ml) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 (5 ng/ml or 30 ng/ml) to determine the in-vitro articular cartilage regeneration capacity of each. Histology, deoxyribonucleic acid content, collagen I and II (immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents were measured at 0 weeks, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks to assess the characteristics of chondrogenesis. Both scaffolds supported the maintenance of the chondrocytic phenotype, as evidenced by the predominance of collagen II and the presence of rounded chondrocytes embedded in lacunae. Regardless of growth factor treatment, cells cultured on PGA scaffolds produced more collagen type II than those cultured on POR. Conversely, by 6 weeks, cells cultured on POR scaffolds produced more GAG than those cultured on PGA scaffolds, again regardless of the growth factor used. Across the two groups, 100 ng/ml of IGF-I had the greatest overall effect in GAG content. This work indicates that PGA and the POR scaffolds are both effective growth matrices for articular cartilage, with each scaffold exhibiting different yet desirable profiles of articular cartilage growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B DiCarlo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Wu J, Lu ZY, Hu JC, Feng L, Huang JD, Gu XS. Disruption of granules by hydrodynamic force in internal circulation anaerobic reactor. Water Sci Technol 2006; 54:9-16. [PMID: 17163037 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A process of granule disruption by hydrodynamic force is discussed in this paper. Shear force and attrition among granules originated from hydrodynamic force are the main causes of the disruption. Since it is positively correlated to the attrition force, the shear force is utilized to describe the effect of hydrodynamic force on granule disruption. In the experiment, when increase rate of average shear rate (IRgamma) of the 1st stage is about 0.2 s(-1) x d(-1), the granules are disrupted; while re-granulation could develop when IRgamma is about 0.07 s(-1) x d(-1); even when the shear rate is as high as about 30s(-1), the granulation rate keeps stably at a relatively high level, which shows that granules could bear the high hydrodynamic force only if it increases by low increase rate. The experimental results would be valuable for the operation and controlling of the upflow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Dept of Envirronmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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37
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Abstract
Amelogenin and enamelin are structural proteins in the enamel matrix of developing teeth. The temporal and spatial patterns of enamelin expression in developing mouse molars have not been characterized, while controversy remains with respect to amelogenin expression by odontoblasts and cementoblasts. Here we report the results of in situ hybridization analyses of amelogenin and enamelin expression in mouse molars from postnatal days 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, and 21. Amelogenin and enamelin mRNA in maxillary first molars was first observed in pre-ameloblasts on the cusp slopes at day 2. The onsets of amelogenin and enamelin expression were approximately synchronous with the initial accumulation of predentin matrix. Both proteins were expressed by ameloblasts throughout the secretory, transition, and early maturation stages. Enamelin expression terminated in maturation stage ameloblasts on day 9, while amelogenin expression is still detected in maturation stage ameloblasts on day 14. No amelogenin expression was observed in day 21 mouse molars. Amelogenin and enamelin RNA messages were restricted to ameloblasts. No expression was observed in pulp, bone, or along the developing root. We conclude that amelogenin and enamelin are enamel-specific and do not directly participate in the formation of dentin or cementum in developing mouse molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA
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Simmer JP, Hu JC. Dental enamel formation and its impact on clinical dentistry. J Dent Educ 2001; 65:896-905. [PMID: 11569606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The nature of tooth enamel is of inherent interest to dental professionals. The current-day clinical practice of dentistry involves the prevention of enamel demineralization, the promotion of enamel remineralization, the restoration of cavitated enamel where demineralization has become irreversible, the vital bleaching of dental enamel that has become discolored, and the diagnosis and treatment of developmental enamel malformations, which can be caused by environmental or genetic factors. On a daily basis, dental health providers make diagnostic and treatment decisions that are influenced by their understanding of tooth formation. A systemic condition during tooth development, such as high fever, can produce a pattern of enamel defects in the dentition. Knowing the timing of tooth development permits estimates about the timing of the disturbance. The process of enamel maturation continues following tooth eruption, so that erupted teeth can become less susceptible to decay over time. Mutations in the genes encoding enamel proteins lead to amelogenesis imperfecta, a collection of inherited diseases having enamel malformations as the predominant phenotype. Defects in the amelogenin gene cause X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta, and genes encoding other enamel proteins are candidates for autosomal forms. Here we review our current understanding of dental enamel formation, and relate this information to clinical circumstances where this understanding may be particularly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Simmer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA.
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Lia-Baldini AS, Muller F, Taillandier A, Gibrat JF, Mouchard M, Robin B, Simon-Bouy B, Serre JL, Aylsworth AS, Bieth E, Delanote S, Freisinger P, Hu JC, Krohn HP, Nunes ME, Mornet E. A molecular approach to dominance in hypophosphatasia. Hum Genet 2001; 109:99-108. [PMID: 11479741 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2001] [Accepted: 05/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder characterized by defective bone mineralization and a deficiency of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity. The disease is highly variable in its clinical expression, because of various mutations in the TNSALP gene. In approximately 14% of the patients tested in our laboratory, only one TNSALP gene mutation was found, despite exhaustive sequencing of the gene, suggesting that missing mutations are harbored in intron or regulatory sequences or that the disease is dominantly transmitted. The distinction between these two situations is of importance, especially in terms of genetic counseling, but dominance is sometimes difficult to conclusively determine by using familial analysis since expression of the disease may be highly variable, with parents of even severely affected children showing no or extremely mild symptoms of the disease. We report here the study of eight point mutations (G46 V, A99T, S164L, R167 W, R206 W, G232 V, N461I, I473F) found in patients with no other detectable mutation. Three of these mutations, G46 V, S164L, and I473F, have not previously been described. Pedigree and/or serum alkaline phosphatase data suggested possible dominant transmission in families with A99T, R167 W, and G232 V. By means of site-directed mutagenesis, transfections in COS-1 cells, and three-dimensional (3D) modeling, we evaluated the possible dominant effect of these eight mutations. The results showed that four of these mutations (G46 V, A99T, R167 W, and N461I) exhibited a negative dominant effect by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the heterodimer, whereas the four others did not show such inhibition. Strong inhibition resulted in severe hypophosphatasia, whereas partial inhibition resulted in milder forms of the disease. Analysis of the 3D model of the enzyme showed that mutations exhibiting a dominant effect were clustered in two regions, viz., the active site and an area probably interacting with a region having a particular biological function such as dimerization, tetramerization, or membrane anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Lia-Baldini
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique et Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Bâtiment Fermat, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- The Breast Unit, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK
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41
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Abstract
Since the first description of the yeast two-hybrid system, related genetic assays for protein-protein interactions have become popular and powerful tools for structure-function analysis on the scale of individual proteins or whole proteomes. After a somewhat surprising lag, similar systems have recently been described for use in bacterial hosts. n-hybrid modifications of the original yeast system have been used to examine interactions with DNA, RNA and small molecules, and other modifications have improved throughput for genomic applications. Bacterial n-hybrid systems are being designed for a similar array of uses. Will the bacterial systems be as popular as the yeast n-hybrid systems? Only time will tell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA.
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Carbone JM, Kavaler E, Hu JC, Raz S. Pubovaginal sling using cadaveric fascia and bone anchors: disappointing early results. J Urol 2001; 165:1605-11. [PMID: 11342927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pubovaginal sling procedures offer highly effective treatment for patients with female stress urinary incontinence. A recent modification of this technique is the use of cadaveric fascia lata as a sling material supported with titanium anchors placed bilaterally in the pubic bone. We reviewed our experience with this procedure and assessed our outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 154 consecutive patients underwent a bone anchored, cadaveric fascia pubovaginal sling procedure by a single surgeon from July 1998 to June 1999. All patients were evaluated preoperatively with a detailed history, pelvic examination and radiographic or multichannel video urodynamic studies to diagnose stress urinary incontinence. Our technique begins with the nonincision placement of titanium bone anchors transvaginally into the pubic bone bilaterally. A 2 cm. wide tunnel is created bluntly beneath the vaginal epithelium between the 2 puncture sites with a right angle clamp. A 2 x 7 cm. strip of cadaveric fascia is then passed through the tunnel, into the retropubic space and secured to 2-0 polypropylene sutures attached to the anchors. After securing the sling, the transvaginal puncture sites are closed with 2-0 polyglactin sutures. Patients were seen postoperatively at 6 weeks, and 3 and 6-month followup. Patient age averaged 60 years (range 38 to 85), with an overall average length of followup from surgery of 10.6 months (range 6 to 16). All patients were mailed a self-administered questionnaire and participated in a telephone interview with an office nurse to retrospectively assess outcome and evaluate for recurrent stress urinary incontinence. Recurrent stress urinary incontinence was graded as 0-none, 1-rare, 2-moderate and 3-severe. Repeat pubovaginal sling procedure that was performed in patients with grades 2 to 3 stress urinary incontinence was considered a failure for the purpose of our study. RESULTS Of all 154 patients 58 (37.6%) had recurrent moderate to severe (grades 2 to 3) stress urinary incontinence at followup. A total of 26 patients underwent a second pubovaginal sling procedure for a reoperation rate of 16.9%. Intraoperative findings at reoperation revealed the titanium anchors to be in position, the polypropylene sutures to be intact, and retropubic fibrosis and scarring of the urethropelvic ligament suggesting appropriate retropubic placement of the sling in all cases. Uniformly all allogenic cadaveric fascia used for sling material appeared to be fragmented, attenuated or simply absent. Average time to reoperation was 9 months (range 3 to 15). CONCLUSIONS Early results using a bone anchored cadaveric fascia pubovaginal sling procedure were discouraging. Based on findings at reoperation, we attribute this result to the failure of our sling material and have abandoned the use of cadaveric fascia allografts in all pubovaginal slings at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Carbone
- Danville Regional Medical Center, Danville, Virginia, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rieker
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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Abstract
Enamelin is likely to be essential for proper dental enamel formation. It is secreted by ameloblasts throughout the secretory stage and can readily be isolated from the enamel matrix of developing teeth. The gene encoding human enamelin is located on the long arm of chromosome 4, in a region previously linked to an autosomal-dominant form of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). To gain information on the structure of the enamelin gene and to facilitate the future assessment of the role of enamelin in normal and diseased enamel formation, we have cloned and characterized the mouse and human enamelin genes. Both genes are about 25 kilobases long. The enamelin gene has 10 exons interrupted by 9 introns. Translation initiates in exon 3 and terminates in exon 10. All of the intron/exon junctions within the mouse and human enamelin coding regions are between codons, so there are no partial codons in any exon, and deletion of one or more coding exons by alternative RNA splicing would not shift the downstream reading frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 78229-3900, USA.
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Abstract
The leucine zipper is a dimeric coiled-coil structural motif consisting of four to six heptad repeats, designated (abcdefg)(n). In the GCN4 leucine zipper, a position 16 in the third heptad is occupied by an Asn residue whereas the other a positions are Val residues. Recently, we have constructed variants of the GCN4 leucine zipper in which the a position Val residues were replaced by Ile. The folding and unfolding of the wild-type GCN4 leucine zipper and the Val to Ile variant both adhere to a simple two-state mechanism. In this study, another variant of the GCN4 leucine zipper was constructed by moving the single Asn residue from a position 16 to a position 9. This switch causes the thermal unfolding of the GCN4 leucine zipper to become three state. The unfolding pathway of this variant was determined by thermal denaturation, limited proteinase K digestion, and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Our data are consistent with a model in which the variant first unfolds from its N terminus and changes the oligomerization specificity from a native dimer to a partially unfolded intermediate containing a mixture of dimers and trimers and then completely unfolds to unstructured monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Advanced Biomolecular Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Center for Advanced Biomolecular Research, Biochemistry/Biophysics Building, Room 443A, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA.
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Abstract
Many laboratory strains of Escherichia coli are resistant to methotrexate (MTX), a folate analogue that binds dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Mutations that inactivate either tolC or acrA confer MTX sensitivity. Further, overexpression of a fusion protein with DHFR activity reverses this sensitivity by titrating out intracellular MTX. These results suggest that MTX accumulates in cells where mutations in acrA or tolC have inactivated the TolC-dependent AcrAB multidrug resistance efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kopytek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for Advanced Biomolecular Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, USA
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Hu JC, Bradman K, Taylor M, Leslie M, Parker MC. Pancreaticoduodenectomy after downstaging of pancreatic carcinoma by chemotherapy. J R Soc Med 2000; 93:432-3. [PMID: 10983509 PMCID: PMC1298089 DOI: 10.1177/014107680009300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J C Hu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
The yeast two-hybrid system has been used to characterize many protein-protein interactions. A two-hybrid system for E. coli was constructed in which one hybrid protein bound to a specific DNA site recruits another to an adjacent DNA binding site. The first hybrid comprises a test protein, the bait, fused to a chimeric protein containing the 434 repressor DNA binding domain. In the second hybrid, a second test protein, the prey, is fused downstream of a chimeric protein with the DNA binding specificity of the lambda repressor. Reporters were designed to express cat and lacZ under the control of a low-affinity lambda operator. At low expression levels, lambda repressor hybrids weakly repress the reporter genes. A high-affinity operator recognized by 434 repressor was placed nearby, in a position that does not yield repression by 434 repressor alone. If the test proteins interact, the 434 hybrid bound to the 434 operator stabilizes the binding of the lambda repressor hybrid to the lambda operator, causing increased repression of the reporter genes. Reconstruction experiments with the fos and jun leucine zippers detected protein-protein interactions between either homodimeric or heterodimeric leucine zippers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Hays
- Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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50
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Abstract
The dimeric interface of the leucine zipper coiled coil from GCN4 has been used to probe the contributions of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions to protein stability. We have determined the energetics of placing Ile or Asn residues at four buried positions in a two-stranded coiled coil. As expected, Ile is favored over Asn at these buried positions, but not as much as predicted by considering only the hydrophobic effect. It appears that interstrand hydrogen bonds form between the side-chains of the buried Asn residues and these contribute to the conformational stability of the coiled-coil peptides. However, these contributions are highly dependent on the locations of the Asn pairs. The effect of an Ile to Asn mutation is greatest at the N terminus of the peptide and decreases almost twofold as we move the substitution from the N to C-terminal heptads.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Advanced Molecular Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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