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Rodrigues GOL, Li W, Cramer SD, Winer HY, Hsu TC, Gower T, Hixon JA, Durum SK. Co-Culture and Transduction of Murine Thymocytes on Delta-Like 4-Expressing Stromal Cells to Study Oncogenes in T-Cell Leukemia. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64271. [PMID: 37358271 PMCID: PMC10786201 DOI: 10.3791/64271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transduced mouse immature thymocytes can be differentiated into T cells in vitro using the delta-like 4-expressing bone marrow stromal cell line co-culture system (OP9-DL4). As retroviral transduction requires dividing cells for transgene integration, OP9-DL4 provides a suitable in vitro environment for cultivating hematopoietic progenitor cells. This is particularly advantageous when studying the effects of the expression of a specific gene during normal T cell development and leukemogenesis, as it allows researchers to circumvent the time-consuming process of generating transgenic mice. To achieve successful outcomes, a series of coordinated steps involving the simultaneous manipulation of different types of cells must be carefully performed. Although these are very well-established procedures, the lack of a common source in the literature often means a series of optimizations are required, which can be time-consuming. This protocol has been shown to be efficient in transducing primary thymocytes followed by differentiation on OP9-DL4 cells. Detailed here is a protocol that can serve as a quick and optimized guide for the co-culture of retrovirally transduced thymocytes on OP9-DL4 stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele O L Rodrigues
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - WenQing Li
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Sarah D Cramer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, NIH; Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University
| | - Hila Y Winer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Tu Chun Hsu
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, NIH; Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University
| | | | - Julie A Hixon
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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Andrews C, McLean MH, Hixon JA, Pontejo SM, Starr T, Malo C, Cam M, Ridnour L, Hickman H, Steele-Mortimer O, Wink DA, Young HA, McVicar DW, Li W, Durum SK. IL-27 induces an IFN-like signature in murine macrophages which in turn modulate colonic epithelium. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1021824. [PMID: 37153622 PMCID: PMC10157156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1021824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal delivery of IL-27 has been shown to have a therapeutic benefit in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IL-27 effect was associated with phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1), a product of IL27 receptor signaling, in bowel tissue. To determine whether IL-27 acted directly on colonic epithelium, murine colonoids and primary intact colonic crypts were shown to be unresponsive to IL-27 in vitro and to lack detectable IL-27 receptors. On the other hand, macrophages, which are present in inflamed colon tissue, were responsive to IL-27 in vitro. IL-27 induced pSTAT1 in macrophages, the transcriptome indicated an IFN-like signature, and supernatants induced pSTAT1 in colonoids. IL-27 induced anti-viral activity in macrophages and MHC Class II induction. We conclude that the effects of mucosal delivery of IL-27 in murine IBD are in part based on the known effects of IL27 inducing immunosuppression of T cells mediated by IL-10. We also conclude that IL-27 has potent effects on macrophages in inflamed colon tissue, generating mediators that in turn act on colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Andrews
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Mairi H. McLean
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Hixon
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sergio M. Pontejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tregei Starr
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Courtney Malo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Margaret Cam
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Ridnour
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Heather Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Olivia Steele-Mortimer
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - David A. Wink
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Howard A. Young
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Daniel W. McVicar
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Wenqing Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Scott K. Durum
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott K. Durum,
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Rodrigues GOL, Cramer SD, Winer HY, Hixon JA, Li W, Yunes JA, Durum SK. Mutations that collaborate with IL-7Ra signaling pathways to drive ALL. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 80:100788. [PMID: 33578108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The IL-7 pathway is required for normal T cell development and survival. In recent years the pathway has been shown to be a major driver of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common cancer in children. Gain-of-function mutations in the alpha chain of the IL-7 receptor found in ALL patients clearly demonstrated that this pathway was a driver. However mutant IL-7R alone was insufficient to transform primary T cell progenitors, indicating that cooperating mutations were required. Here we review evidence for additional oncogenic mutations in the IL-7 pathway. We discuss several oncogenes, loss of tumor suppressor genes and epigenetic effects that can cooperate with mutant IL-7 receptor. These include NRas, HOXA, TLX3, Notch 1, Arf, PHF6, WT1, PRC, PTPN2 and CK2. As new therapeutics targeting the IL-7 pathway are developed, combination with agents directed to cooperating pathways offer hope for novel therapies for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele O L Rodrigues
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Boldrini Children's Center, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sarah D Cramer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA; Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hila Y Winer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - WenQing Li
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA.
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Akkapeddi P, Fragoso R, Hixon JA, Ramalho AS, Oliveira ML, Carvalho T, Gloger A, Matasci M, Corzana F, Durum SK, Neri D, Bernardes GJL, Barata JT. A fully human anti-IL-7Rα antibody promotes antitumor activity against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:2155-2168. [PMID: 30850736 PMCID: PMC6733707 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer for which treatment options often result in incomplete therapeutic efficacy and long-term side-effects. Interleukin 7 (IL-7) and its receptor IL-7Rα promote T-ALL development and mutational activation of IL-7Rα associates with very high risk in relapsed disease. Using combinatorial phage-display libraries and antibody reformatting, we generated a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (named B12) against both wild-type and mutant human IL-7Rα, predicted to form a stable complex with IL-7Rα at a different site from IL-7. B12 impairs IL-7/IL-7R-mediated signaling, sensitizes T-ALL cells to treatment with dexamethasone and can induce cell death per se. The antibody also promotes antibody-dependent natural killer-mediated leukemia cytotoxicity in vitro and delays T-cell leukemia development in vivo, reducing tumor burden and promoting mouse survival. B12 is rapidly internalized and traffics to the lysosome, rendering it an attractive vehicle for targeted intracellular delivery of cytotoxic cargo. Consequently, we engineered a B12–MMAE antibody–drug conjugate and provide proof-of-concept evidence that it has increased leukemia cell killing abilities as compared with the naked antibody. Our studies serve as a stepping stone for the development of novel targeted therapies in T-ALL and other diseases where IL-7Rα has a pathological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Akkapeddi
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ana Sofia Ramalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreas Gloger
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | | | | | - Scott K Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK.
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Aiello FB, Guszczynski T, Li W, Hixon JA, Jiang Q, Hodge DL, Massignan T, Di Lisio C, Merchant A, Procopio AD, Bonetto V, Durum SK. IL-7-induced phosphorylation of the adaptor Crk-like and other targets. Cell Signal 2018; 47:131-141. [PMID: 29581031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-7 is required for T cell differentiation and mature T cell homeostasis and promotes pro-B cell proliferation and survival. Tyrosine phosphorylation plays a central role in IL-7 signaling. We identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting and mass spectrometry sixteen tyrosine phosphorylated proteins from the IL-7-dependent cell line D1. IL-7 stimulation induced the phosphorylation of the proteins STI1, ATIC and hnRNPH, involved in pathways related to survival, proliferation and gene expression, respectively, and increased the phosphorylation of CrkL, a member of a family of adaptors including the highly homologous Crk isoforms CrkII and CrkI, important in multiple signaling pathways. We observed an increased phosphorylation of CrkL in murine pro-B cells and in murine and human T cells. In addition, IL-7 increased the association of CrkL with the transcription factor Stat5, essential for IL-7 pro-survival activity. The selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib. counteracted the IL-7 pro-survival effect in D1 cells and decreased CrkL phosphorylation. These data suggested that CrkL could play a pro-survival role in IL-7-mediated signaling. We observed that pro-B cells also expressed, in addition to CrkL, the Crk isoforms CrkII and CrkI and therefore utilized pro-B cells conditionally deficient in all three to evaluate the role of these proteins. The observation that the IL-7 pro-survival effect was reduced in Crk/CrkL conditionally-deficient pro-B cells further pointed to a pro-survival role of these adaptors. To further evaluate the role of these proteins, gene expression studies were performed in Crk/CrkL conditionally-deficient pro-B cells. IL-7 decreased the transcription of the receptor LAIR1, which inhibits B cell proliferation, in a Crk/CrkL-dependent manner, suggesting that the Crk family of proteins may promote pro-B cell proliferation. Our data contribute to the understanding of IL-7 signaling and suggest the involvement of Crk family proteins in pathways promoting survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca B Aiello
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Tad Guszczynski
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, FCRDC, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Wenqing Li
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Deborah L Hodge
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, FCRDC, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Tania Massignan
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche M. Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Lisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Anand Merchant
- Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Antonio D Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, via Tronto 10, 60100 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche M. Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Cramer SD, Hixon JA, Andrews C, Porter RJ, Rodrigues GOL, Wu X, Back T, Czarra K, Michael H, Cam M, Chen J, Esposito D, Senkevitch E, Negi V, Aplan PD, Li W, Durum SK. Mutant IL-7Rα and mutant NRas are sufficient to induce murine T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2018. [PMID: 29535426 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-017-0001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Cramer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ross J Porter
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA.,School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Gisele O L Rodrigues
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Boldrini Children's Center, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (LBR), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tim Back
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kelli Czarra
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Helen Michael
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack Chen
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory/RAS Reagents Core, NCI RAS Initiative, LBR, FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Emilee Senkevitch
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vijay Negi
- Leukemia Biology Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Aplan
- Leukemia Biology Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenqing Li
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA.
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Abstract
Reporter mice have been widely used to observe the localization of expression of targeted genes. This protocol focuses on a strategy to establish a new transgenic reporter mouse model. We chose to visualize interleukin (IL) 22 gene expression because this cytokine has important activities in the intestine, where it contributes to repair tissues damaged by inflammation. Reporter systems offer considerable advantages over other methods of identifying products in vivo. In the case of IL-22, other studies had first isolated cells from tissues and then re-stimulated the cells in vitro. IL-22, which is normally secreted, was trapped inside cells using a drug, and intracellular staining was used to visualize it. This method identifies cells capable of producing IL-22, but it does not determine whether they were doing so in vivo. The reporter design includes inserting a gene for a fluorescent protein (tdTomato) into the IL-22 gene in such a way that the fluorescent protein cannot be secreted and therefore remains trapped inside the producing cells in vivo. Fluorescent producers can then be visualized in tissue sections or by ex vivo analysis through flow cytometry. The actual construction process for the reporter included recombineering a bacterial artificial chromosome that contained the IL-22 gene. This engineered chromosome was then introduced into the mouse genome. Homeostatic IL-22 reporter expression was observed in different mouse tissues, including the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, Peyer's patch, and intestine, by flow cytometry analysis. Colitis was induced by T-cell (CD4+CD45RBhigh) transfer, and reporter expression was visualized. Positive T cells were first present in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and then they accumulated inside the lamina propria of the distal small intestine and colon tissues. The strategy using BACs gave good-fidelity reporter expression compared to IL-22 expression, and it is simpler than knock-in procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Wenqing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Scott K Durum
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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Li W, Hixon JA, Tritapoe J, Barata JT, Durum SK. IL-7 receptor polymorphisms is related to signaling strength which is associated with autoimmune T cells activation in multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.189.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-7 is required for survival of most T cell subsets and generally promotes T cell immune responses. Loss of functions of IL-7R in human has been known to cause severe combined immunodeficiency. Somatic gain of function mutations of IL-7R have been found in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), these mutations usually occur in region of residue 244 in the exon 6 and lead to insertion of multiple amino acids. More recently, polymorphisms in IL-7R have been shown be a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and some autoimmune diseases. The polymorphysims that affects risk to most of these immunopathologies is T244/I, the same region harboring gain-of-function mutations in T-ALL. To investigate the mechanism of IL-7R variants association with MS and seek new therapeutic approaches directed to IL-7R pathway, we hypothesize that the functional significance of the T244/I polymorphism in IL-7R is related to increased signaling. To test our hypothesis, the T244 and I244 alleles of IL7R are transfected into BaF3 cells. The high risk allele T244 induces stronger Stat5 activation and promotes better survival of BaF3 cells. We further examine the strength of signaling in vivo in mice. IL-7R deficient bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors are transduced by retroviral infection with T244 or I244 allele and transferred to Rag1 deficient mice. Human IL-7R rescues T cell development in mice. Consistent with the in vitro study, the CD8 cells harboring the high risk allele T244 display stronger Stat5 activation compared with cells with I244. Our preliminary study suggests that high risk allele T244 of IL-7R signals stronger than allele I244, and this may promote activation of autoimmune T calls in MS and other autoimmune diseases.
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Shen W, Hixon JA, McLean MH, Li WQ, Durum SK. IL-22-Expressing Murine Lymphocytes Display Plasticity and Pathogenicity in Reporter Mice. Front Immunol 2016; 6:662. [PMID: 26834739 PMCID: PMC4717188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-22 has multiple activities ranging from tissue repair to inflammation. To characterize the pathogenicity and plasticity of cells that produce IL-22, a novel reporter mouse strain was generated. Homeostatic IL-22 reporter expression was observed in intestinal lymphoid cells identified as CD4 T cells and ILC3 cells. In a model of inflammatory bowel disease, CD4 T cells strongly expressed the IL-22 reporter in mesenteric lymph node. To examine plasticity of IL-22+ T cells, they were purified after generation in vitro or in vivo from inflamed colon, and then cultured under Th1, Th2, or Th17 conditions. In vitro-generated IL-22+ CD4 T cells showed relatively durable IL-22 expression under Th1 or Th2 conditions, whereas in vivo-generated cells rapidly lost IL-22 expression under these conditions. In vitro-generated cells could not be diverted to express Th1 or Th2 cytokines despite the expression of “master regulators.” In vivo-generated cells could be diverted, at very low frequency, to express Th1 or Th2 cytokines. Both in vitro- and in vivo-generated cells could be induced in vitro to express high levels of IL-17A and IL-17F, assigning them to a “Th17 biased” class. However, IL-27 potently downregulated IL-22 expression. To examine IL-22+ T cell pathogenicity, in vitro-generated cells were transferred into Rag1−/− mice, retaining the modest reporter expression and inducing moderate colitis. In contrast, IL-22 expressers from colitic mice, transferred into secondary hosts, lost reporter expression, acquired high T-bet and modest IFNγ and IL-17 expression, and induced severe colitis. These findings are consistent with a model of strong polarization under optimal in vitro conditions, but a plastic state of T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, MD , USA
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, MD , USA
| | - Mairi H McLean
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, MD , USA
| | - Wen Qing Li
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, MD , USA
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, MD , USA
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Hanson ML, Hixon JA, Li W, Felber BK, Anver MR, Stewart CA, Janelsins BM, Datta SK, Shen W, McLean MH, Durum SK. Oral delivery of IL-27 recombinant bacteria attenuates immune colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:210-221.e13. [PMID: 24120477 PMCID: PMC3920828 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease would benefit from specific targeting of therapeutics to the intestine. We developed a strategy for localized delivery of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-27, which is synthesized actively in situ by the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis (LL-IL-27), and tested its ability to reduce colitis in mice. METHODS The 2 genes encoding mouse IL-27 were synthesized with optimal codon use for L lactis and joined with a linker; a signal sequence was added to allow for product secretion. The construct was introduced into L lactis. Colitis was induced via transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cells into Rag(-/-) mice to induce colitis; 7.5 weeks later, LL-IL-27 was administered to mice via gavage. Intestinal tissues were collected and analyzed. RESULTS LL-IL-27 administration protected mice from T-cell transfer-induced enterocolitis and death. LL-IL-27 reduced disease activity scores, pathology features of large and small bowel, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. LL-IL-27 also reduced the numbers of CD4(+) and IL-17(+) T cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissue. The effects of LL-IL-27 required production of IL-10 by the transferred T cells. LL-IL-27 was more effective than either LL-IL-10 or systemic administration of recombinant IL-27 in reducing colitis in mice. LL-IL-27 also reduced colitis in mice after administration of dextran sodium sulfate. CONCLUSIONS LL-IL-27 reduces colitis in mice by increasing the production of IL-10. Mucosal delivery of LL-IL-27 could be a more effective and safer therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L. Hanson
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Julie A. Hixon
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wenqing Li
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Miriam R. Anver
- Laboratory Animal Services Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - C. Andrew Stewart
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian M. Janelsins
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandip K. Datta
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mairi H. McLean
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Scott K. Durum
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA,Correspondence: Scott K. Durum, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bldg 560 Rm 31-71, Frederick MD 21702-1201; T 301-846-1545; F 301-846-6720;
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11
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Stauffer JK, Orentas RJ, Lincoln E, Khan T, Salcedo R, Hixon JA, Back TC, Wei JS, Patidar R, Song Y, Hurd L, Tsokos M, Lai EW, Eisenhofer G, Weiss W, Khan J, Wigginton JM. High-throughput molecular and histopathologic profiling of tumor tissue in a novel transplantable model of murine neuroblastoma: new tools for pediatric drug discovery. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:343-63. [PMID: 22571338 PMCID: PMC6993178 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.664670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Using two MYCN transgenic mouse strains, we established 10 transplantable neuroblastoma cell lines via serial orthotopic passage in the adrenal gland. Tissue arrays demonstrate that by histochemistry, vascularity, immunohistochemical staining for neuroblastoma markers, catecholamine analysis, and concurrent cDNA microarray analysis, there is a close correspondence between the transplantable lines and the spontaneous tumors. Several genes closely associated with the pathobiology and immune evasion of neuroblastoma, novel targets that warrant evaluation, and decreased expression of tumor suppressor genes are demonstrated. These studies describe a unique and generalizable approach to expand the utility of transgenic models of spontaneous tumor, providing new tools for preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy K Stauffer
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Zenatti PP, Ribeiro D, Li W, Zuurbier L, Silva MC, Paganin M, Tritapoe J, Hixon JA, Silveira AB, Cardoso BA, Sarmento LM, Correia N, Toribio ML, Kobarg J, Horstmann M, Pieters R, Brandalise SR, Ferrando AA, Meijerink JP, Durum SK, Yunes JA, Barata JT. Oncogenic IL7R gain-of-function mutations in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 2011; 43:932-9. [PMID: 21892159 DOI: 10.1038/ng.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) and its receptor, formed by IL-7Rα (encoded by IL7R) and γc, are essential for normal T-cell development and homeostasis. Here we show that IL7R is an oncogene mutated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We find that 9% of individuals with T-ALL have somatic gain-of-function IL7R exon 6 mutations. In most cases, these IL7R mutations introduce an unpaired cysteine in the extracellular juxtamembrane-transmembrane region and promote de novo formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds between mutant IL-7Rα subunits, thereby driving constitutive signaling via JAK1 and independently of IL-7, γc or JAK3. IL7R mutations induce a gene expression profile partially resembling that provoked by IL-7 and are enriched in the T-ALL subgroup comprising TLX3 rearranged and HOXA deregulated cases. Notably, IL7R mutations promote cell transformation and tumor formation. Overall, our findings indicate that IL7R mutational activation is involved in human T-cell leukemogenesis, paving the way for therapeutic targeting of IL-7R-mediated signaling in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila P Zenatti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Hanson ML, Hixon JA, Li W, Felber BK, Anver MR, Steidler L, Durum SK. PS1-27 Lactococcus lactis expressing IL-27: A potential therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease. Cytokine 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Mazzucchelli RI, Warming S, Lawrence SM, Ishii M, Abshari M, Washington AV, Feigenbaum L, Warner AC, Sims DJ, Li WQ, Hixon JA, Gray DHD, Rich BE, Morrow M, Anver MR, Cherry J, Naf D, Sternberg LR, McVicar DW, Farr AG, Germain RN, Rogers K, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Durum SK. Visualization and identification of IL-7 producing cells in reporter mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7637. [PMID: 19907640 PMCID: PMC2770321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is required for lymphocyte development and homeostasis although the actual sites of IL-7 production have never been clearly identified. We produced a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse expressing ECFP in the Il7 locus. The construct lacked a signal peptide and ECFP (enhanced cyan fluorescent protein ) accumulated inside IL-7-producing stromal cells in thoracic thymus, cervical thymus and bone marrow. In thymus, an extensive reticular network of IL-7-containing processes extended from cortical and medullary epithelial cells, closely contacting thymocytes. Central memory CD8 T cells, which require IL-7 and home to bone marrow, physically associated with IL-7-producing cells as we demonstrate by intravital imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata I. Mazzucchelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Søren Warming
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Lawrence
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mehrnoosh Abshari
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - A. Valance Washington
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lionel Feigenbaum
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Warner
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Davis J. Sims
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wen Qing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Hixon
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. D. Gray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin E. Rich
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Morrow
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research NCI, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Miriam R. Anver
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Cherry
- Gene Expression Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dieter Naf
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lawrence R. Sternberg
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. McVicar
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew G. Farr
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ronald N. Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keith Rogers
- Laboratory Animal Science Program (LASP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Jenkins
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neal G. Copeland
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Scott K. Durum
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Salcedo R, Hixon JA, Stauffer JK, Jalah R, Brooks AD, Khan T, Dai RM, Scheetz L, Lincoln E, Back TC, Powell D, Hurwitz AA, Sayers TJ, Kastelein R, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Trinchieri G, Wigginton JM. Immunologic and therapeutic synergy of IL-27 and IL-2: enhancement of T cell sensitization, tumor-specific CTL reactivity and complete regression of disseminated neuroblastoma metastases in the liver and bone marrow. J Immunol 2009; 182:4328-38. [PMID: 19299733 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0800471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IL-27 exerts antitumor activity in murine orthotopic neuroblastoma, but only partial antitumor effect in disseminated disease. This study demonstrates that combined treatment with IL-2 and IL-27 induces potent antitumor activity in disseminated neuroblastoma metastasis. Complete durable tumor regression was achieved in 90% of mice bearing metastatic TBJ-IL-27 tumors treated with IL-2 compared with only 40% of mice bearing TBJ-IL-27 tumors alone and 0% of mice bearing TBJ-FLAG tumors with or without IL-2 treatment. Comparable antitumor effects were achieved by IL-27 protein produced upon hydrodynamic IL-27 plasmid DNA delivery when combined with IL-2. Although delivery of IL-27 alone, or in combination with IL-2, mediated pronounced regression of neuroblastoma metastases in the liver, combined delivery of IL-27 and IL-2 was far more effective than IL-27 alone against bone marrow metastases. Combined exposure to IL-27 produced by tumor and IL-2 synergistically enhances the generation of tumor-specific CTL reactivity. Potentiation of CTL reactivity by IL-27 occurs via mechanisms that appear to be engaged during both the initial sensitization and effector phase. Potent immunologic memory responses are generated in mice cured of their disseminated disease by combined delivery of IL-27 and IL-2, and depletion of CD8(+) ablates the antitumor efficacy of this combination. Moreover, IL-27 delivery can inhibit the expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory and IL-17-expressing CD4(+) cells that are otherwise observed among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from mice treated with IL-2. These studies demonstrate that IL-27 and IL-2 synergistically induce complete tumor regression and long-term survival in mice bearing widely metastatic neuroblastoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Salcedo
- Science Applications International Corporation, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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16
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Mazzucchelli R, Hixon JA, Spolski R, Chen X, Li WQ, Hall VL, Willette-Brown J, Hurwitz AA, Leonard WJ, Durum SK. Development of regulatory T cells requires IL-7Ralpha stimulation by IL-7 or TSLP. Blood 2008; 112:3283-92. [PMID: 18664628 PMCID: PMC2569178 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-137414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7), a cytokine produced by stromal cells, is required for thymic development and peripheral homeostasis of most major subsets of T cells. We examined whether regulatory T (Treg) cells also required the IL-7 pathway by analyzing IL-7Ralpha(-/-) mice. We observed a striking reduction in cells with the Treg surface phenotype (CD4, CD25, GITR (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-like receptor), CD45RB, CD62L, CD103) or intracellular markers (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, CTLA-4, and forkhead box transcription factor 3, Foxp3). Foxp3 transcripts were virtually absent in IL-7Ralpha(-/-) lymphoid tissues, and no Treg cell suppressive activity could be detected. There are 2 known ligands for IL-7Ralpha: IL-7 itself and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Surprisingly, mice deficient in IL-7 or the other chain of the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) developed relatively normal numbers of Treg cells. Combined deletion of IL-7 and TSLP receptor greatly reduced Treg cell development in the thymus but was not required for survival of mature peripheral Treg cells. We conclude that Treg cells, like other T cells, require signals from the IL-7 receptor, but unlike other T cells, do not require IL-7 itself because of at least partially overlapping actions of IL-7 and TSLP for development of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mazzucchelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
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17
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Durum SK, Warming S, Lawrence SM, Ishii M, Abshari M, Feigenbaum L, Washington AV, Warner AC, Sims DJ, Qing Li W, Hixon JA, Gray DH, Rich BE, Morrow M, Anver MR, Cherry J, Naf D, Sternberg LR, McVicar DW, Farr AG, Germain RN, Rogers K, Copeland NG, Mazzucchelli R. 33 Visualization and Identification of IL-7 Producing Cells. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Khan T, Stauffer JK, Williams R, Hixon JA, Salcedo R, Lincoln E, Back TC, Powell D, Lockett S, Arnold AC, Sayers TJ, Wigginton JM. Proteasome Inhibition to Maximize the Apoptotic Potential of Cytokine Therapy for Murine Neuroblastoma Tumors. J Immunol 2006; 176:6302-12. [PMID: 16670342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.10.6302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human neuroblastomas possess several mechanisms of self-defense that may confer an ability to resist apoptosis and contribute to the observed difficulty in treating these tumors in the clinical setting. These molecular alterations may include defects in proapoptotic genes as well as the overexpression of prosurvival factors, such as Akt among others. As a key regulator of the turnover of proteins that modulate the cell cycle and mechanisms of apoptosis, the proteasome could serve as an important target for the treatment of neuroblastoma. The present studies provide the first evidence that bortezomib, a newly approved inhibitor of proteasome function, inhibits phosphorylation of Akt, induces the translocation of proapoptotic Bid, and potently enhances the apoptosis of murine neuroblastoma tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, in that inhibitors of the Akt pathway can sensitize otherwise resistant TBJ/Neuro-2a cells to apoptosis induced by IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha, we hypothesized that bortezomib also could sensitize these cells to IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha. We demonstrate for the first time that bortezomib not only up-regulates the expression of receptors for IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on both TBJ neuroblastoma and EOMA endothelial cell lines, but also markedly enhances the sensitivity of these cells to apoptosis induced by IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha in vitro. Furthermore, bortezomib enhances the in vivo antitumor efficacy of IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-inducing cytokines, including both IL-2 and IL-12 in mice bearing well-established primary and/or metastatic TBJ neuroblastoma tumors. Collectively, these studies suggest that bortezomib could be used therapeutically to enhance the proapoptotic and overall antitumor activity of systemic cytokine therapy in children with advanced neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Khan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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19
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Stauffer JK, Khan T, Salcedo R, Hixon JA, Lincoln E, Back TC, Wigginton JM. Multicolor fluorescence-based approaches for imaging cytokine-induced alterations in the neovascularization, growth, metastasis, and apoptosis of murine neuroblastoma tumors. J Immunother 2006; 29:151-64. [PMID: 16531816 DOI: 10.1097/01.cji.0000190167.76663.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors in children. The prognosis of patients with advanced neuroblastoma is poor overall despite standard therapeutic modalities and has stimulated substantial interest in the potential role for biologics such as immunotherapeutic and/or antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of neuroblastoma. To facilitate preclinical investigation of the efficacy and mechanisms of action of new biologic agents for the treatment of neuroblastoma, a comprehensive panel of disease-specific fluorescence-based model systems has been developed by our group to image the growth, neovascularization, metastasis, and apoptosis of neuroblastoma tumors. These model systems use fluorescent proteins to monitor cytokine-induced alterations in the growth and metastasis of neuroblastoma and allow for monitoring and/or quantitation of even minimal residual disease that is localized to visceral organ sites such as the liver, lung, and/or bone marrow. Further, based on the differential spectra of red fluorescent protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), and agents such as 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (green), multicolor systems have now been established by our group that allow for combined assessment of parameters, including the macroscopic relation of tumors to their associated vasculature and, within tissue sections, simultaneous quantitation of tumor neovascularization and evaluation of therapy-induced apoptosis within the tumor and vascular endothelial compartments. Further, by engineering cells to express specific mediators of apoptosis that have been linked to GFP (ie, BID-EGFP), these systems can also be used to dissect mechanisms by which neuroblastoma cells are induced to undergo apoptosis in vitro as well as in vivo. Collectively, these model systems provide important tools for investigation of the biology of neuroblastoma tumors and evaluation of mechanisms that mediate the regression of these tumors in response to novel therapeutic agents, including cytokines such as interleukin-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy K Stauffer
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI)--Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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20
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Khan T, Hixon JA, Stauffer JK, Lincoln E, Back TC, Brenner J, Lockett S, Nagashima K, Powell D, Wigginton JM. Therapeutic Modulation of Akt Activity and Antitumor Efficacy of Interleukin-12 Against Orthotopic Murine Neuroblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 98:190-202. [PMID: 16449679 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced neuroblastoma have a poor prognosis. The antiapoptotic protein Akt has been implicated as a possible mediator of the resistance of human neuroblastoma cells to apoptosis; the proapoptotic protein Bid, is inhibited by activated Akt. Neuroblastoma has demonstrated responsiveness to immunotherapeutic approaches in preclinical studies, prompting investigation of new therapeutic strategies based on potentiation of the host immune response, including the use of systemic cytokines. METHODS We examined the antitumor efficacy and mechanisms of action of the central immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) in mice bearing established orthotopic neuroblastoma tumors derived from murine TBJ and Neuro-2a cells. Cohorts of mice (10 mice/group) bearing established orthotopic neuroblastoma tumors were injected intraperitoneally with IL-12 or vehicle and monitored for survival. IL-12-induced apoptosis within the tumor microenvironment was investigated using ribonuclease protection assays, nuclear staining, and electron microscopy. Protein expression was determined via Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Confocal microscopy was used to examine the distribution of overexpressed Bid-enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein (Bid-EGFP) in TBJ cells. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS IL-12 induced complete tumor regression and long-term survival of 8 (80%) of 10 mice bearing established neuroblastoma tumors compared with 1 (10%) of 10 control mice (P = .0055) and profound tumor cell apoptosis in vivo despite the fact that TBJ and Neuro-2a cells were resistant to receptor-mediated apoptosis in vitro. These cells expressed high levels of phosphorylated Akt, a key prosurvival molecule, and Akt inhibitors sensitized neuroblastoma cells to apoptosis mediated by IL-12-inducible cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in vitro. IL-12 increased the expression of proapoptotic genes and decreased Akt phosphorylation within established TBJ tumors in conjunction with activation and subcellular translocation of Bid. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IL-12 overcomes a potentially critical mechanism of tumor self-defense in vivo by inhibiting Akt activity and imply that IL-12 may possess unique therapeutic activity against tumors that express high levels of activated Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Khan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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21
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Salcedo R, Stauffer JK, Lincoln E, Back TC, Hixon JA, Hahn C, Shafer-Weaver K, Malyguine A, Kastelein R, Wigginton JM. IL-27 Mediates Complete Regression of Orthotopic Primary and Metastatic Murine Neuroblastoma Tumors: Role for CD8+T Cells. J Immunol 2004; 173:7170-82. [PMID: 15585838 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that IFN-gamma-inducing cytokines such as IL-12 can mediate potent antitumor effects against murine solid tumors. IL-27 is a newly described IL-12-related cytokine that potentiates various aspects of T and/or NK cell function. We hypothesized that IL-27 might also mediate potent antitumor activity in vivo. TBJ neuroblastoma cells engineered to overexpress IL-27 demonstrated markedly delayed growth compared with control mice, and complete durable tumor regression was observed in >90% of mice bearing either s.c. or orthotopic intra-adrenal tumors, and 40% of mice bearing induced metastatic disease. The majority of mice cured of their original TBJ-IL-27 tumors were resistant to tumor rechallenge. Furthermore, TBJ-IL-27 tumors were heavily infiltrated by CD8(+) T cells, and draining lymph node-derived lymphocytes from mice bearing s.c. TBJ-IL-27 tumors are primed to proliferate more readily when cultured ex vivo with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 compared with lymphocytes from mice bearing control tumors, and to secrete higher levels of IFN-gamma. In addition, marked enhancement of local IFN-gamma gene expression and potent up-regulation of cell surface MHC class I expression are noted within TBJ-IL-27 tumors compared with control tumors. Functionally, these alterations occur in conjunction with the generation of tumor-specific CTL reactivity in mice bearing TBJ-IL-27 tumors, and the induction of tumor regression via mechanisms that are critically dependent on CD8(+), but not CD4(+) T cells or NK cells. Collectively, these studies suggest that IL-27 could be used therapeutically to potentiate the host antitumor immune response in patients with malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/biosynthesis
- Immunologic Memory
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/therapeutic use
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Transplantation/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/genetics
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/secondary
- Neuroblastoma/therapy
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Salcedo
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute-Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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22
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Hixon JA, Anver MR, Blazar BR, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Wiltrout RH, Murphy WJ. Administration of either anti-CD40 or interleukin-12 following lethal total body irradiation induces acute lethal toxicity affecting the gut. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003; 8:316-25. [PMID: 12108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 and antibodies against CD40 have demonstrated antitumor effects in a variety of in vivo model systems. However, both agents can also mediate significant toxicities either when used following lethal TBI or when administered in combination with other agents such as IL-2. In this study, we assessed the effects of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and IL-12 in lethally irradiated mice. Acute lethal toxicity was observed following the administration of either 10 microg anti-CD40 MoAb (FGK45) or 0.5 microg of recombinant murine (rm)IL-12 that resulted in 100% mortality of all mice within 4 to 6 days. Histological evaluation revealed destruction of the normal gut architecture in both anti-CD40 MoAb- and rmIL-12-treated mice. Analysis of serum cytokine levels in the lethally irradiated mice receiving anti-CD40 MoAb demonstrated a marked increase of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 p40, whereas mice receiving rmIL-12 demonstrated a marked increase of IFN-gamma. Lethally irradiated IL-12 p40 knock-out mice were resistant to anti-CD40-induced toxicity, suggesting that the lack of IL-12 p40 with no possibility of making functional IL- 12 p70 is key for this toxic reaction. Similarly, lethally irradiated IFN-gamma knock-out mice were completely resistant to rmIL-12-induced toxicity, suggesting that IFN-gamma is a major player in IL-12-mediated toxicity. These results suggest that both anti-CD40 MoAb and rmIL-12 induce an acute fatal toxicity characterized by similar intestinal pathology and mediated in part by IFN-gamma.
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23
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Wigginton JM, Lee JK, Wiltrout TA, Alvord WG, Hixon JA, Subleski J, Back TC, Wiltrout RH. Synergistic engagement of an ineffective endogenous anti-tumor immune response and induction of IFN-gamma and Fas-ligand-dependent tumor eradication by combined administration of IL-18 and IL-2. J Immunol 2002; 169:4467-74. [PMID: 12370382 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IFN-gamma is a critical component of the endogenous and many cytokine-induced antitumor immune responses. In this study we have shown that the combination of IL-18 and IL-2 (IL-18/IL-2) synergistically enhances IFN-gamma production both in vitro and in vivo, and synergizes in vivo to induce complete durable regression of well-established 3LL tumors in >80% of treated mice. We have observed a nascent, but ineffective, host immune response against 3LL that depends on endogenous IFN-gamma and IL-12 production and the Fas/Fas ligand (Fas-L) pathway. The combined administration of IL-18/IL-2 engages this endogenous response to induce tumor regression via a mechanism that is independent of NK and NKT cells or IL-12, but is critically dependent on CD8(+) T cells, IFN-gamma, and the Fas/Fas-L pathway. These studies demonstrate the importance of IFN-gamma as well as the Fas/Fas-L pathway in both endogenous and cytokine-driven antitumor immune responses engaged by IL-18/IL-2 and provide preclinical impetus for clinical investigation of this potent anti-tumor combination.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Drug Synergism
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Interleukin-18/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-18/pharmacology
- Interleukin-2/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Remission Induction
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- fas Receptor/metabolism
- fas Receptor/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Wigginton
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute-Center for Cancer Research, Building 560, Room 31-93, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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24
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Hixon JA, Anver MR, Blazar BR, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Wiltrout RH, Murphy WJ. Administration of either anti-CD40 or interleukin-12 following lethal total body irradiation induces acute lethal toxicity affecting the gut. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002. [DOI: 10.1053/bbmt.2002.v8.pm12108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Hixon JA, Blazar BR, Anver MR, Wiltrout RH, Murphy WJ. Antibodies to CD40 induce a lethal cytokine cascade after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2001; 7:136-43. [PMID: 11302547 DOI: 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11302547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CD40 stimulation, by either antibody or ligand, has been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of neoplastic cells, both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we assessed the effects of CD40 stimulation using a murine agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (FGK115) or a soluble recombinant murine CD40 ligand (srmCD40L) in both lethally irradiated and nonirradiated BALB/c mice. Toxicity after CD40 stimulation was not observed in nonirradiated animals receiving up to 100 microg of the agonist anti-CD40 MoAb. However, as little as 10 microg of the agonistic anti-CD40 MoAb induced acute toxicity resulting in 100% morbidity of lethally irradiated animals by 4 days after irradiation. Histological evaluation of animals receiving anti-CD40 MoAb revealed severe intestinal lesions with disruption of the villi, goblet cell depletion, and crypt hyperplasia of the small intestine, colon, and cecum. Delaying the administration of anti-CD40 MoAb or reducing the amount of irradiation given resulted in increased survival and less severe lesions. Analysis of serum cytokine levels in lethally irradiated mice receiving agonistic anti-CD40 showed a marked increase of interferon (IFN)-gamma. Lethally irradiated IFN-gamma knockout mice given the agonistic anti-CD40 MoAb demonstrated significant increases in survival and minimal gut lesions compared with wild-type mice receiving the same regimen, suggesting that IFN-gamma plays a major role in this toxic reaction. These results indicate that CD40 stimulation using agonistic antibodies following lethal irradiation leads to a fatal, cytokine-induced disease affecting the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hixon
- Intramural Research Support Program (Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick), Maryland 21702, USA
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26
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Fenton RG, Hixon JA, Wright PW, Brooks AD, Sayers TJ. Inhibition of Fas (CD95) expression and Fas-mediated apoptosis by oncogenic Ras. Cancer Res 1998; 58:3391-400. [PMID: 9699671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ras oncogene plays an important role in the multistep progression to cancer by activation of signal transduction pathways that contribute to aberrant growth regulation. Although many of these effects are cell autonomous, the ras oncogene also regulates the expression of genes that alter host/tumor interactions. We now extend the mechanisms through which ras promotes tumor survival by demonstrating that oncogenic Ras inhibits expression of the fas gene and renders Ras-transformed cells resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis. A panel of Ras-transformed clones exhibited a marked inhibition in fas mRNA and Fas cell surface expression as compared with untransformed parental cell lines. Fas expression was induced by culture in the presence of IFN-gamma + tumor necrosis factor alpha; however, the maximal level attained in Ras transformants was approximately 10-fold below the level of untransformed cells. Whereas untransformed cells were sensitive to apoptotic death induced by cross-linking surface Fas (especially after cytokine treatment), Ras-transformed cells were very resistant to Fas-induced death even under the most stringent assay conditions. To demonstrate that this resistance was mediated by oncogenic Ras and not secondary genetic events, pools of Ras-transformed cells were generated using a highly efficient retroviral transduction technique. Transformed pools were assayed 6 days after infection and demonstrated a marked decrease in fas gene expression and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Oncogenic Ras did not promote general resistance to apoptosis, because ectopic expression of a fas cDNA in Ras-transformed cells restored sensitivity to Fas-induced apoptosis. These data indicate that oncogenic Ras inhibits basal levels of expression of the fas gene, and although cytokine signal transduction pathways are functional in these cells, the level of surface Fas expression remains below the threshold required for induction of apoptosis. These data identify a mechanism by which Ras-transformed cells may escape from host-mediated immune destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Fenton
- Department of Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702, USA
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27
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Siders WM, Wright PW, Hixon JA, Alvord WG, Back TC, Wiltrout RH, Fenton RG. T Cell- and NK Cell-Independent Inhibition of Hepatic Metastases by Systemic Administration of an IL-12-Expressing Recombinant Adenovirus. The Journal of Immunology 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-12 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that has been shown to mediate tumor regression in a variety of tumor models. We describe the construction of AdCMV-IL-12, a recombinant adenovirus that encodes both subunits of IL-12 under transcriptional control of the CMV promoter. This recombinant virus efficiently infects a wide variety of cell types leading to the production of high levels of biologically active IL-12. Because the liver is a primary site of infection after i.v.-administered adenovirus, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of this virus in a murine hepatic metastasis tumor model. Systemic administration of AdCMV-IL-12 dramatically inhibited the formation of 3-day Renca hepatic metastases (mean of 16 metastases per liver) compared with the control virus AdCMV-βgal (mean of 209) or vehicle alone (mean of 272). Histologic analysis indicated that metastatic growth inhibition was accompanied by a dramatic perivascular infiltrate consisting of T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Therapeutic efficacy was not diminished in animals depleted of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, or in SCID mice, even after NK cell ablation. In the latter case, a hepatic perivascular infiltrate composed of macrophages and neutrophils was observed after AdCMV-IL-12-treatment, while numerous activated Kupffer cells were noted in the hepatic parenchyma. Analysis of therapy-induced changes in hepatic gene expression demonstrated increased levels of IP-10 and Mig RNAs, but no increase in iNOS, Fas, or FasL RNA levels was observed. Our data suggest a model of metastatic growth inhibition mediated by nonlymphocyte effector cells including macrophages and neutrophils and that may involve anti-angiogenic chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Siders
- *Department of Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC)
| | - Paul W. Wright
- †Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation (IRSP, SAIC) Frederick
| | - Julie A. Hixon
- †Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation (IRSP, SAIC) Frederick
| | | | - Timothy C. Back
- †Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation (IRSP, SAIC) Frederick
| | - Robert H. Wiltrout
- §Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Division of Basic Sciences, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Robert G. Fenton
- *Department of Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC)
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28
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Siders WM, Wright PW, Hixon JA, Alvord WG, Back TC, Wiltrout RH, Fenton RG. T cell- and NK cell-independent inhibition of hepatic metastases by systemic administration of an IL-12-expressing recombinant adenovirus. J Immunol 1998; 160:5465-74. [PMID: 9605149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that has been shown to mediate tumor regression in a variety of tumor models. We describe the construction of AdCMV-IL-12, a recombinant adenovirus that encodes both subunits of IL-12 under transcriptional control of the CMV promoter. This recombinant virus efficiently infects a wide variety of cell types leading to the production of high levels of biologically active IL-12. Because the liver is a primary site of infection after i.v.-administered adenovirus, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of this virus in a murine hepatic metastasis tumor model. Systemic administration of AdCMV-IL-12 dramatically inhibited the formation of 3-day Renca hepatic metastases (mean of 16 metastases per liver) compared with the control virus AdCMV-betagal (mean of 209) or vehicle alone (mean of 272). Histologic analysis indicated that metastatic growth inhibition was accompanied by a dramatic perivascular infiltrate consisting of T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Therapeutic efficacy was not diminished in animals depleted of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, or in SCID mice, even after NK cell ablation. In the latter case, a hepatic perivascular infiltrate composed of macrophages and neutrophils was observed after AdCMV-IL-12-treatment, while numerous activated Kupffer cells were noted in the hepatic parenchyma. Analysis of therapy-induced changes in hepatic gene expression demonstrated increased levels of IP-10 and Mig RNAs, but no increase in iNOS, Fas, or FasL RNA levels was observed. Our data suggest a model of metastatic growth inhibition mediated by nonlymphocyte effector cells including macrophages and neutrophils and that may involve anti-angiogenic chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Siders
- Department of Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA
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