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Kumar R, Oruna-Concha MJ, Niranjan K, Vimaleswaran KS. A review on vitamin A deficiency and depleted immunity in South Asia: From deficiency to resilience. Nutrition 2024; 124:112452. [PMID: 38669831 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the developing world, the twin challenges of depleted health and growing issue of food waste management loom large, demanding simultaneous attention and innovative solutions. This review explores how these issues can be effectively mitigated while shedding light on the transformative impact of food waste valorization on health management. A spotlight is cast on vitamin A deficiency (VAD), an acute public health concern, especially prevalent in South Asia, driven by economic constraints, sociocultural factors, inadequate diets, and poor nutrient absorption. VAD's devastating effects are exacerbated by limited education, lack of sanitation, ineffective food regulations, and fragile monitoring systems, disproportionately affecting children and women of childbearing age. Recent studies in South Asian countries have revealed rising rates of illness and death, notably among children and women of childbearing age, due to VAD. To address inadequate dietary intake in children utilizing vegetable waste, particularly from carrots and beetroot, which are rich in β-carotene, and betalains, respectively, offers a sustainable solution. Extracting these compounds from vegetable waste for supplementation, fortification, and dietary diversification could significantly improve public health, addressing both food waste and health disparities economically. This approach presents a compelling avenue for exploration and implementation. In summary, this review presents an integrated approach to tackle health and food waste challenges in the developing world. By tapping into the nutritional treasure troves within vegetable waste, we can enhance health outcomes while addressing food waste, forging a brighter and healthier future for communities in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Keshavan Niranjan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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Dutta S, Kumar P, Yadav S, Sharma RD, Shivaprasad P, Vimaleswaran KS, Srivastava A, Sharma RK. Accelerating innovations in C H activation/functionalization through intricately designed magnetic nanomaterials: From genesis to applicability in liquid/regio/photo catalysis. CATAL COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Hyppönen E, Vimaleswaran KS, Zhou A. Genetic Determinants of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Their Relevance to Public Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:4408. [PMID: 36297091 PMCID: PMC9606877 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin studies suggest a considerable genetic contribution to the variability in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, reporting heritability estimates up to 80% in some studies. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest notably lower rates (13−16%), they have identified many independent variants that associate with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. These discoveries have provided some novel insight into the metabolic pathway, and in this review we outline findings from GWAS studies to date with a particular focus on 35 variants which have provided replicating evidence for an association with 25(OH)D across independent large-scale analyses. Some of the 25(OH)D associating variants are linked directly to the vitamin D metabolic pathway, while others may reflect differences in storage capacity, lipid metabolism, and pathways reflecting skin properties. By constructing a genetic score including these 25(OH)D associated variants we show that genetic differences in 25(OH)D concentrations persist across the seasons, and the odds of having low concentrations (<50 nmol/L) are about halved for individuals in the highest 20% of vitamin D genetic score compared to the lowest quintile, an impact which may have notable influences on retaining adequate levels. We also discuss recent studies on personalized approaches to vitamin D supplementation and show how Mendelian randomization studies can help inform public health strategies to reduce adverse health impacts of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
- The Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Alathari BE, Nyakotey DA, Bawah AM, Lovegrove JA, Annan RA, Ellahi B, Vimaleswaran KS. Interactions between Vitamin D Genetic Risk and Dietary Factors on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Ghanaian Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:2763. [PMID: 35807945 PMCID: PMC9269445 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ghanaian population is experiencing an upsurge in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to rapid urbanization. Besides dietary factors, vitamin D-related genetic determinants have also been shown to contribute to the development of obesity and T2D. Hence, we aimed to examine the interactions between dietary factors and vitamin D-related genetic variants on obesity and T2D related outcomes in a Ghanaian population. Three hundred and two healthy Ghanaian adults (25-60 years old) from Oforikrom, Municipality in Kumasi, Ghana were randomly recruited and had genetic tests, dietary consumption analysis, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides taken. A significant interaction was identified between vitamin D-GRS and fiber intake (g/day) on BMI (pinteraction = 0.020) where those who were consuming low fiber (≤16.19 g/d) and carrying more than two risk alleles for vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01) had a significantly higher BMI. In addition, an interaction between vitamin D-GRS and fat intake (g/day) on HbA1c (total fat, pinteraction = 0.029) was found, where participants who had a lower total fat intake (≤36.5 g/d), despite carrying more than two risk alleles, had significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.049). In summary, our study has identified novel gene-diet interactions of vitamin D-GRS with dietary fiber and fat intakes on metabolic traits in Ghanaian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, P.O. Box 14281, AlFaiha 72853, Kuwait
| | - David A. Nyakotey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Abdul-Malik Bawah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Reginald A. Annan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Basma Ellahi
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Riverside Campus, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK;
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
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Aji AS, Lipoeto NI, Yusrawati Y, Malik SG, Kusmayanti NA, Susanto I, Majidah NM, Nurunniyah S, Alfiana RD, Wahyuningsih W, Vimaleswaran KS. Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study in Indonesian pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:492. [PMID: 35705902 PMCID: PMC9202216 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-pregnancy BMI (PP BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are prominent anthropometric indicators for maternal nutritional status and are related to an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting total GWG, PP BMI and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods This observational analysis was conducted among healthy women in the Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) cohort study. A total of 195 pregnant women and their newborn babies were enrolled, and information regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, dietary intake and anthropometric data were assessed through direct interviews. Furthermore, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guidelines were used to obtain the total GWG. Results PP BMI was used to categorise the 195 pregnant women as overweight/obese (43.1%), normal (46.7%) and underweight (10.2%). There were 53.3%, 34.4% and 12.3% of women who had inadequate, adequate and excessive GWG, respectively. The multinomial logistic regression model indicated that overweight or obese women at the pre-pregnancy stage were 4.09 times more likely to have an excessive rate of GWG (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.38–12.12, p = 0.011) than those whose weight was normal. Furthermore, women with excessive GWG were 27.11 times more likely to have a baby with macrosomia (AOR = 27.11, 95% CI: 2.99–245.14) (p = 0.001) and those with inadequate GWG were 9.6 times more likely to give birth to a baby with low birth weight (LBW) (AOR = 9.60, 95% CI; 0.88–105.2) (p = 0.002). Conclusions This study demonstrates that the malnutrition status prior to pregnancy and inadequate or excessive GWG status during pregnancy as significant risk factors for developing adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of providing information, preconception counselling and health education on weight management for healthy pregnancies. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04815-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Sabta Aji
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia. .,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia. .,Alma Ata Graduate School of Public Health, Alma Ata University, Jl Brawijaya 99, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, 552813, Indonesia.
| | - Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Yusrawati Yusrawati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | | | - Isman Susanto
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Nur Mukhlishoh Majidah
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurunniyah
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia.,Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Devi Alfiana
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,The Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Alathari BE, Cruvinel NT, da Silva NR, Chandrabose M, Lovegrove JA, Horst MA, Vimaleswaran KS. Impact of Genetic Risk Score and Dietary Protein Intake on Vitamin D Status in Young Adults from Brazil. Nutrients 2022; 14:1015. [PMID: 35267990 PMCID: PMC8912678 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and adverse outcomes of metabolic diseases, we investigated the interplay of dietary and genetic components on vitamin D levels and metabolic traits in young adults from Brazil. Genetic analysis, dietary intake, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed in 187 healthy young adults (19−24 years). Genetic risk scores (GRS) from six genetic variants associated with vitamin D (vitamin D-GRS) and 10 genetic variants associated with metabolic disease (metabolic-GRS) were constructed. High vitamin D-GRS showed a significant association with low 25(OH)D concentrations (p = 0.001) and high metabolic-GRS showed a significant association with high fasting insulin concentrations (p = 0.045). A significant interaction was found between vitamin D-GRS and total protein intake (g/day) (adjusted for non-animal protein) on 25(OH)D (pinteraction = 0.006), where individuals consuming a high protein diet (≥73 g/d) and carrying >4 risk alleles for VDD had significantly lower 25(OH)D (p = 0.002) compared to individuals carrying ≤4 risk alleles. Even though our study did not support a link between metabolic-GRS and vitamin D status, our study has demonstrated a novel interaction, where participants with high vitamin D-GRS and consuming ≥73 g of protein/day had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels. Further research is necessary to evaluate the role of animal protein consumption on VDD in Brazilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, P.O. Box 14281, AlFaiha 72853, Kuwait
| | - Nathália Teixeira Cruvinel
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (N.T.C.); (N.R.d.S.)
| | - Nara Rubia da Silva
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (N.T.C.); (N.R.d.S.)
| | - Mathurra Chandrabose
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Pitt Building, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6ES, UK;
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AA, UK
| | - Maria A. Horst
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (N.T.C.); (N.R.d.S.)
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AA, UK
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Vimaleswaran KS. GeNuIne (gene-nutrient interactions) Collaboration: towards implementing multi-ethnic population-based nutrigenetic studies of vitamin B 12 and D deficiencies and metabolic diseases. Proc Nutr Soc 2021; 80:1-11. [PMID: 34548115 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665121002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene-nutrient interactions (GeNuIne) collaboration, a large-scale collaborative project, has been initiated to investigate the impact of gene-nutrient interactions on cardiometabolic diseases using population-based studies from ethnically diverse populations. In this project, the relationship between deficiencies of vitamins B12 and D, and metabolic diseases was explored using a nutrigenetic approach. A genetic risk score (GRS) analysis was used to examine the combined effect of several genetic variations that have been shown to be associated with metabolic diseases and vitamin B12 and D deficiencies, respectively. In Sri Lankan, Indonesian and Brazilian populations, those carrying a high B12-GRS had an increased risk of metabolic diseases under the influence of dietary protein, fibre and carbohydrate intakes, respectively; however, in Asian Indians, genetically instrumented metabolic disease risk showed a significant association with low vitamin B12 status. With regards to nutrigenetic studies on vitamin D status, although high metabolic-GRS showed an interaction with dietary carbohydrate intake on vitamin D status, the study in Indonesian women demonstrated a vitamin D GRS-carbohydrate interaction on body fat percentage. In summary, these nutrigenetic studies from multiple ethnic groups have provided evidence for the influence of the dietary factors on the relationship between vitamin B12/D deficiency and metabolic outcomes. Furthermore, these studies highlight the existence of genetic heterogeneity in gene-diet interactions across ethnically diverse populations, which further implicates the significance of personalised dietary approaches for the prevention of these micronutrient deficiencies and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- The Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Alathari BE, Aji AS, Ariyasra U, Sari SR, Tasrif N, Yani FF, Sudji IR, Lovegrove JA, Lipoeto NI, Vimaleswaran KS. Interaction between Vitamin D-Related Genetic Risk Score and Carbohydrate Intake on Body Fat Composition: A Study in Southeast Asian Minangkabau Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020326. [PMID: 33498618 PMCID: PMC7911469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have been shown to be associated with low vitamin D status; however, the findings have been inconsistent. Hence, the objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disease-related traits in healthy Southeast Asian women and examine whether this relationship was modified by dietary factors using a nutrigenetic study. The study included 110 Minangkabau women (age: 25–60 years) from Padang, Indonesia. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were constructed based on five vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (vitamin D-GRS) and ten metabolic disease-associated SNPs (metabolic-GRS). The metabolic-GRS was significantly associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations (p = 0.009) and higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.016). Even though the vitamin D-GRS had no effect on metabolic traits (p > 0.12), an interaction was observed between the vitamin D-GRS and carbohydrate intake (g) on body fat percentage (BFP) (pinteraction = 0.049), where those individuals who consumed a high carbohydrate diet (mean ± SD: 319 g/d ± 46) and carried >2 vitamin D-lowering risk alleles had significantly higher BFP (p = 0.016). In summary, we have replicated the association of metabolic-GRS with higher BMI and lower 25(OH)D concentrations and identified a novel interaction between vitamin D-GRS and carbohydrate intake on body fat composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Al Faiha 72853, Kuwait;
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK;
| | - Arif Sabta Aji
- Department of Public Health, Alma Ata Graduate School of Public Health, University of Alma Ata, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alma Ata, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia
| | - Utami Ariyasra
- Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra 25172, Indonesia; (U.A.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sri R. Sari
- Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra 25172, Indonesia; (U.A.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Nabila Tasrif
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra 25172, Indonesia;
| | - Finny F. Yani
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra 25172, Indonesia;
| | - Ikhwan R. Sudji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Science, University Perintis, Padang 25586, Indonesia;
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK;
| | - Nur I. Lipoeto
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra 25172, Indonesia;
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Vimaleswaran KS. Comment: "Evaluation of the Association of Omentin 1 rs2274907 A>T and rs2274908 G>A Gene Polymorphisms with Coronary Artery Disease in Indian Population: A Case Control Study". J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040190. [PMID: 33113755 PMCID: PMC7712587 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study by Jha et al. (2019) demonstrated an association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2274907 A>T with coronary artery disease (CAD) in 100 CAD patients and 100 matched healthy controls from a South Indian population. There are serious concerns with regard to the interpretations of the study findings. The genotypes of the SNP are not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in both cases (p < 0.0001) and controls (p = 0.006), which is indicative of a technical error due to a problematic genotyping method. In addition, the genotype and allele frequencies reported in the study do not match with the frequencies listed in the SNP database for Asian Indians. While the study by Jha et al. reported "T" allele as the minor allele, the dbSNP database reported "A" as the minor allele. In summary, it can be concluded that the data presented in the study suffer from genotyping as well as data interpretation error and, hence, the findings should be considered by the reader with caution.
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Alathari BE, Bodhini D, Jayashri R, Lakshmipriya N, Shanthi Rani CS, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Radha V, Pradeepa R, Vimaleswaran KS. A Nutrigenetic Approach to Investigate the Relationship between Metabolic Traits and Vitamin D Status in an Asian Indian Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1357. [PMID: 32397403 PMCID: PMC7285077 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in Asian Indians have examined the association of metabolic traits with vitamin D status. However, findings have been quite inconsistent. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic traits and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. We investigate whether this relationship was modified by lifestyle factors using a nutrigenetic approach in 545 Asian Indians randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (219 normal glucose tolerant individuals, 151 with pre-diabetes and 175 individuals with type 2 diabetes). A metabolic genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using five common metabolic disease-related genetic variants. There was a significant interaction between metabolic GRS and carbohydrate intake (energy%) on 25(OH)D (Pinteraction = 0.047). Individuals consuming a low carbohydrate diet (≤62%) and those having lesser number of metabolic risk alleles (GRS ≤ 1) had significantly higher levels of 25(OH)D (p = 0.033). Conversely, individuals consuming a high carbohydrate diet despite having lesser number of risk alleles did not show a significant increase in 25(OH)D (p = 0.662). In summary, our findings show that individuals carrying a smaller number of metabolic risk alleles are likely to have higher 25(OH)D levels if they consume a low carbohydrate diet. These data support the current dietary carbohydrate recommendations of 50%-60% energy suggesting that reduced metabolic genetic risk increases 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PO Box 14281, AlFaiha 72853, Kuwait
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 603103, India; (D.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Department of Biochemistry, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India;
| | - Nagarajan Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India; (N.L.); (V.S.)
| | | | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India; (N.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 603103, India; (D.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
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Vimaleswaran KS. A nutrigenetics approach to study the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic traits in various ethnic groups: findings from the GeNuIne Collaboration. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:194-204. [PMID: 32000867 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Several studies on gene-diet interactions (nutrigenetics) have been performed in western populations; however, there are only a few studies to date in lower middle-income countries (LMIC). A large-scale collaborative project called gene-nutrient interactions (GeNuIne) Collaboration, the main objective of which is to investigate the effect of GeNuIne on cardiometabolic traits using population-based studies from various ethnic groups, has been initiated at the University of Reading, UK. While South Asians with higher genetic risk score (GRS) showed a higher risk of obesity in response to a high-carbohydrate diet, South East and Western Asian populations with higher GRS showed an increased risk of central obesity in response to a high-protein diet. The paper also provides a summary of other gene-diet interaction analyses that were performed in LMIC as part of this collaborative project and gives an overview of how these nutrigenetic findings can be translated to personalised and public health approaches for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Mulugeta A, Zhou A, Vimaleswaran KS, Dickson C, Hyppönen E. Depression increases the genetic susceptibility to high body mass index: Evidence from UK Biobank. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:1154-1162. [PMID: 31609059 DOI: 10.1002/da.22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the association between depression and body mass index (BMI), and to investigate whether genetic susceptibility to high BMI is different among individuals with or without depression. METHODS We used data on 251,125 individuals of white British ancestry from the UK Biobank. We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test for a causal association between depression and BMI using a major depressive disorder (MDD)-related genetic risk score (GRSMDD ) as an instrument for depression. We also examined whether depression modifies genetic susceptibility to high BMI, by investigating the interaction between depression and the BMI-related GRSBMI . RESULTS We found observational and genetic evidence for an association between depression and BMI (MR beta: 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.13). Further, the contribution of genetic risk to high BMI was higher among individuals with depression compared to controls. Carrying 10 additional BMI increasing alleles was associated with 0.24 standard deviation (SD; 95%CI 0.23-0.25) higher BMI among depressed individuals compared to 0.20 SD (95%CI 0.19-0.21) higher in controls, which corresponds to 3.4 kg and 2.8 kg extra weight for an individual of average height. Amongst the individual loci, the evidence for interaction was most notable for a variant near MC4R, a gene known to affect both appetite regulation and the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (pinteraction = 5.7 × 10-5 ). CONCLUSION Genetic predisposition to high BMI was higher among depressed than to nondepressed individuals. This study provides support for a possible role of MC4R in the link between depression and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Mulugeta
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Cameron Dickson
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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Surendran S, Jayashri R, Drysdale L, Bodhini D, Lakshmipriya N, Shanthi Rani CS, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Radha V, Pradeepa R, Vimaleswaran KS. Evidence for the association between FTO gene variants and vitamin B12 concentrations in an Asian Indian population. Genes Nutr 2019; 14:26. [PMID: 31516636 PMCID: PMC6728975 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin B12 concentrations have been associated with major clinical outcomes, including adiposity, in Indian populations. The Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is an established obesity-susceptibility locus; however, it remains unknown whether it influences vitamin B12 status. Hence, we investigated the association of two previously studied FTO polymorphisms with vitamin B12 concentrations and metabolic disease-related outcomes and examined whether these associations were modified by dietary factors and physical activity. METHODS A total of 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes, 152 with pre-diabetes, and 220 normal glucose-tolerant individuals were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical investigations, which included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and folic acid were measured. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary assessment and self-reported physical activity measures were collected. An unweighted genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated for two FTO single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8050136 and rs2388405) by summation of the number of risk alleles for obesity. Interaction analyses were performed by including the interaction terms in the regression model. RESULTS The GRS was significantly associated with increased BMI (P = 0.009) and risk of obesity (P = 0.023). Individuals carrying more than one risk allele for the GRS had 13.13% lower vitamin B12 concentrations, compared to individuals carrying zero risk alleles (P = 0.018). No associations between the GRS and folic acid and homocysteine concentrations were observed. Furthermore, no statistically significant GRS-diet or GRS-physical activity interactions with vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine or metabolic-disease outcomes were observed. CONCLUSION The study shows for the first time that a genetic risk score using two FTO SNPs is associated with lower vitamin B12 concentrations; however, we did not identify any evidence for the influence of lifestyle factors on this association. Further replication studies in larger cohorts are warranted to investigate the association between the GRS and vitamin B12 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelini Surendran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Lauren Drysdale
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Nagarajan Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | | | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Ranjit M. Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
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Shatwan IM, Winther KH, Ellahi B, Elwood P, Ben-Shlomo Y, Givens I, Rayman MP, Lovegrove JA, Vimaleswaran KS. Association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms with blood lipids and their interaction with dietary factors. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:98. [PMID: 29712557 PMCID: PMC5928585 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several candidate genes have been identified in relation to lipid metabolism, and among these, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms are major sources of genetically determined variation in lipid concentrations. This study investigated the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at LPL, seven tagging SNPs at the APOE gene, and a common APOE haplotype (two SNPs) with blood lipids, and examined the interaction of these SNPs with dietary factors. METHODS The population studied for this investigation included 660 individuals from the Prevention of Cancer by Intervention with Selenium (PRECISE) study who supplied baseline data. The findings of the PRECISE study were further replicated using 1238 individuals from the Caerphilly Prospective cohort (CaPS). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in PRECISE and a validated semi-quantitative FFQ in the CaPS. Interaction analyses were performed by including the interaction term in the linear regression model adjusted for age, body mass index, sex and country. RESULTS There was no association between dietary factors and blood lipids after Bonferroni correction and adjustment for confounding factors in either cohort. In the PRECISE study, after correction for multiple testing, there was a statistically significant association of the APOE haplotype (rs7412 and rs429358; E2, E3, and E4) and APOE tagSNP rs445925 with total cholesterol (P = 4 × 10- 4 and P = 0.003, respectively). Carriers of the E2 allele had lower total cholesterol concentration (5.54 ± 0.97 mmol/L) than those with the E3 (5.98 ± 1.05 mmol/L) (P = 0.001) and E4 (6.09 ± 1.06 mmol/L) (P = 2 × 10- 4) alleles. The association of APOE haplotype (E2, E3, and E4) and APOE SNP rs445925 with total cholesterol (P = 2 × 10- 6 and P = 3 × 10- 4, respectively) was further replicated in the CaPS. Additionally, significant association was found between APOE haplotype and APOE SNP rs445925 with low density lipoprotein cholesterol in CaPS (P = 4 × 10- 4 and P = 0.001, respectively). After Bonferroni correction, none of the cohorts showed a statistically significant SNP-diet interaction on lipid outcomes. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings from the two cohorts confirm that genetic variations at the APOE locus influence plasma total cholesterol concentrations, however, the gene-diet interactions on lipids require further investigation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M Shatwan
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.,Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Basma Ellahi
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, CH1 1SL, UK
| | - Peter Elwood
- Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Margaret P Rayman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Surendran S, Adaikalakoteswari A, Saravanan P, Shatwaan IA, Lovegrove JA, Vimaleswaran KS. An update on vitamin B12-related gene polymorphisms and B12 status. Genes Nutr 2018; 13:2. [PMID: 29445423 PMCID: PMC5801754 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient in humans needed for health maintenance. Deficiency of vitamin B12 has been linked to dietary, environmental and genetic factors. Evidence for the genetic basis of vitamin B12 status is poorly understood. However, advancements in genomic techniques have increased the knowledge-base of the genetics of vitamin B12 status. Based on the candidate gene and genome-wide association (GWA) studies, associations between genetic loci in several genes involved in vitamin B12 metabolism have been identified. Objective The objective of this literature review was to identify and discuss reports of associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitamin B12 pathway genes and their influence on the circulating levels of vitamin B12. Methods Relevant articles were obtained through a literature search on PubMed through to May 2017. An article was included if it examined an association of a SNP with serum or plasma vitamin B12 concentration. Beta coefficients and odds ratios were used to describe the strength of an association, and a P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility for the inclusion criteria and extracted the data. Results From 23 studies which fulfilled the selection criteria, 16 studies identified SNPs that showed statistically significant associations with vitamin B12 concentrations. Fifty-nine vitamin B12-related gene polymorphisms associated with vitamin B12 status were identified in total, from the following populations: African American, Brazilian, Canadian, Chinese, Danish, English, European ancestry, Icelandic, Indian, Italian, Latino, Northern Irish, Portuguese and residents of the USA. Conclusion Overall, the data analyzed suggests that ethnic-specific associations are involved in the genetic determination of vitamin B12 concentrations. However, despite recent success in genetic studies, the majority of identified genes that could explain variation in vitamin B12 concentrations were from Caucasian populations. Further research utilizing larger sample sizes of non-Caucasian populations is necessary in order to better understand these ethnic-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Surendran
- 1Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - A Adaikalakoteswari
- 2Warwick Medical School - Population Evidence and Technologies, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK.,3UK Academic Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, UK
| | - P Saravanan
- 2Warwick Medical School - Population Evidence and Technologies, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK.,3UK Academic Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, UK
| | - I A Shatwaan
- 1Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - J A Lovegrove
- 1Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - K S Vimaleswaran
- 1Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
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Shatwan IM, Weech M, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA, Vimaleswaran KS. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism modifies fasting total cholesterol concentrations in response to replacement of dietary saturated with monounsaturated fatty acids in adults at moderate cardiovascular disease risk. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:222. [PMID: 29169396 PMCID: PMC5701425 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of ≤10% total energy from fat as saturated fatty acids (SFA) is recommended for cardiovascular disease risk reduction in the UK; however there is no clear guidance on the optimum replacement nutrient. Lipid-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to modify the lipid responses to dietary fat interventions. Hence, we performed a retrospective analysis in 120 participants from the Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS) study to investigate whether lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) SNPs modify the fasting lipid response to replacement of SFA with monounsaturated (MUFA) or n-6 polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Methods The DIVAS study was a randomized, single-blinded, parallel dietary intervention study performed in adults with a moderate cardiovascular risk who received one of three isoenergetic diets rich in SFA, MUFA or n-6 PUFA for 16 weeks. Results After the 16-week intervention, a significant diet-gene interaction was observed for changes in fasting total cholesterol (P = 0.001). For the APOE SNP rs1064725, only TT homozygotes showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol after the MUFA diet (n = 33; −0.71 ± 1.88 mmol/l) compared to the SFA (n = 38; 0.34 ± 0.55 mmol/l) or n-6 PUFA diets (n = 37; −0.08 ± 0.73 mmol/l) (P = 0.004). None of the interactions were statistically significant for the other SNPs. Conclusions In summary, our findings have demonstrated a greater sensitivity of the APOE SNP rs1064725 to dietary fat composition, with a total cholesterol lowering effect observed following substitution of SFA with MUFA but not n-6 PUFA. Further large intervention studies incorporating prospective genotyping are required to confirm or refute our findings. Trial registration The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01478958. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-017-0606-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M Shatwan
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.,Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelle Weech
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Ayyappa KA, Shatwan I, Bodhini D, Bramwell LR, Ramya K, Sudha V, Anjana RM, Lovegrove JA, Mohan V, Radha V, Vimaleswaran KS. High fat diet modifies the association of lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism with high density lipoprotein cholesterol in an Asian Indian population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:8. [PMID: 28115978 PMCID: PMC5247808 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) have been shown to influence metabolism related to lipid phenotypes. Dietary factors have been shown to modify the association between LPL SNPs and lipids; however, to date, there are no studies in South Asians. Hence, we tested for the association of four common LPL SNPs with plasma lipids and examined the interactions between the SNPs and dietary factors on lipids in 1,845 Asian Indians. Methods The analysis was performed in 788 Type 2 diabetes cases and 1,057 controls randomly chosen from the cross-sectional Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study. Serum triacylglycerol (TAG), serum total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using a Hitachi-912 autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The SNPs (rs1121923, rs328, rs4922115 and rs285) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme digestion and 20% of samples were sequenced to validate the genotypes obtained. Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis. Results After correction for multiple testing and adjusting for potential confounders, SNPs rs328 and rs285 showed association with HDL-C (P = 0.0004) and serum TAG (P = 1×10−5), respectively. The interaction between SNP rs1121923 and fat intake (energy %) on HDL-C (P = 0.003) was also significant, where, among those who consumed a high fat diet (28.4 ± 2.5%), the T allele carriers (TT + XT) had significantly higher HDL-C concentrations (P = 0.0002) and 30% reduced risk of low HDL-C levels compared to the CC homozygotes. None of the interactions on other lipid traits were statistically significant. Conclusion Our findings suggest that individuals carrying T allele of the SNP rs1121923 have increased HDL-C levels when consuming a high fat diet compared to CC homozygotes. Our finding warrants confirmation in prospective studies and randomized controlled trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0155-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Ayyappa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Kallam Anji Reddy Centre, Plot no. 20, Golden Jubilee Biotech Park for Women Society, SIPCOT-IT PARK, Siruseri, Chennai 603 103 India.,Present Address: Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tanjore, India
| | - I Shatwan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK.,Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Kallam Anji Reddy Centre, Plot no. 20, Golden Jubilee Biotech Park for Women Society, SIPCOT-IT PARK, Siruseri, Chennai 603 103 India
| | - L R Bramwell
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - K Ramya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Kallam Anji Reddy Centre, Plot no. 20, Golden Jubilee Biotech Park for Women Society, SIPCOT-IT PARK, Siruseri, Chennai 603 103 India
| | - V Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - R M Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India.,Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - J A Lovegrove
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - V Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India.,Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - V Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Kallam Anji Reddy Centre, Plot no. 20, Golden Jubilee Biotech Park for Women Society, SIPCOT-IT PARK, Siruseri, Chennai 603 103 India
| | - K S Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
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Jackson KG, Li Y, Ryan MF, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Roche HM, Williams CM, Lovegrove JA, Vimaleswaran KS. Association of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphism with change in triacylglycerol response to sequential meals. Nutr J 2016; 15:70. [PMID: 27456841 PMCID: PMC4960705 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reported associations between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFA) and the postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) response have been inconsistent, which could be due to variations in the TNFA gene, meal fat composition or participant’s body weight. Hence, we investigated the association of TNFA polymorphism (−308G → A) with body mass index (BMI) and postprandial lipaemia and also determined the impact of BMI on the association of the polymorphism with postprandial lipaemia. Methods The study participants (n = 230) underwent a sequential meal postprandial study. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals after a test breakfast (t = 0, 49 g fat) and lunch (t =330 min, 29 g fat) to measure fasting and postprandial lipids, glucose and insulin. The Metabolic Challenge Study (MECHE) comprising 67 Irish participants who underwent a 54 g fat oral lipid tolerance test was used as a replication cohort. The impact of genotype on postprandial responses was determined using general linear model with adjustment for potential confounders. Results The -308G → A polymorphism showed a significant association with BMI (P = 0.03) and fasting glucose (P = 0.006), where the polymorphism explained 13 % of the variation in the fasting glucose. A 30 % higher incremental area under the curve (IAUC) was observed for the postprandial TAG response in the GG homozygotes than A-allele carriers (P = 0.004) and the genotype explained 19 % of the variation in the IAUC. There was a non-significant trend in the impact of BMI on the association of the genotype with TAG IAUC (P = 0.09). These results were not statistically significant in the MECHE cohort, which could be due to the differences in the sample size, meal composition, baseline lipid profile, allelic diversity and postprandial characterisation of participants across the two cohorts. Conclusions Our findings suggest that TNFA -308G → A polymorphism may be an important candidate for BMI, fasting glucose and postprandial TAG response. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanistic effects of the polymorphism on glucose and TAG metabolism, and determine whether BMI is an important variable which should be considered in the design of future studies. Trial registration NCT01172951.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Yue Li
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Miriam F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine M Williams
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK. .,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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20
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Vimaleswaran KS, Bodhini D, Lakshmipriya N, Ramya K, Anjana RM, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Kinra S, Mohan V, Radha V. Erratum to: Interaction between FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors on metabolic traits in an Asian Indian population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:41. [PMID: 27303438 PMCID: PMC4906905 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - N Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - K Ramya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - R Mohan Anjana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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21
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Vimaleswaran KS, Bodhini D, Lakshmipriya N, Ramya K, Anjana RM, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Kinra S, Mohan V, Radha V. Interaction between FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors on metabolic traits in an Asian Indian population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:39. [PMID: 27274759 PMCID: PMC4891824 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity have been shown to modify the association between fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) gene variants and metabolic traits in several populations; however, there are no gene-lifestyle interaction studies, to date, among Asian Indians living in India. In this study, we examined whether dietary factors and physical activity modified the association between two FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8050136 and rs11076023) (SNPs) and obesity traits and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods The study included 734 unrelated T2D and 884 normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) participants randomly selected from the urban component of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated interviewer administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Physical activity was based upon the self-report. Interaction analyses were performed by including the interaction terms in the linear/logistic regression model. Results There was a significant interaction between SNP rs8050136 and carbohydrate intake (% energy) (Pinteraction = 0.04), where the ‘A’ allele carriers had 2.46 times increased risk of obesity than those with ‘CC’ genotype (P = 3.0 × 10−5) among individuals in the highest tertile of carbohydrate intake (% energy, 71 %). A significant interaction was also observed between SNP rs11076023 and dietary fibre intake (Pinteraction = 0.0008), where individuals with AA genotype who are in the 3rd tertile of dietary fibre intake had 1.62 cm lower waist circumference than those with ‘T’ allele carriers (P = 0.02). Furthermore, among those who were physically inactive, the ‘A’ allele carriers of the SNP rs8050136 had 1.89 times increased risk of obesity than those with ‘CC’ genotype (P = 4.0 × 10−5). Conclusions This is the first study to provide evidence for a gene-diet and gene-physical activity interaction on obesity and T2D in an Asian Indian population. Our findings suggest that the association between FTO SNPs and obesity might be influenced by carbohydrate and dietary fibre intake and physical inactivity. Further understanding of how FTO gene influences obesity and T2D through dietary and exercise interventions is warranted to advance the development of behavioral intervention and personalised lifestyle strategies, which could reduce the risk of metabolic diseases in this Asian Indian population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0098-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - N Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - K Ramya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - R Mohan Anjana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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22
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Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Østergaard JN, Ahluwalia TS, Vimaleswaran KS, Roswall N, Mortensen LM, Nielsen BM, Tjønneland A, Wareham NJ, Palli D, Masala G, Saris WHM, van der A DL, Boer JMA, Feskens EJM, Boeing H, Jakobsen MU, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, Overvad K. Intake of Total and Subgroups of Fat Minimally Affect the Associations between Selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the PPARγ Pathway and Changes in Anthropometry among European Adults from Cohorts of the DiOGenes Study. J Nutr 2016; 146:603-11. [PMID: 26865646 PMCID: PMC6217916 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway is central in adipogenesis, it remains unknown whether it influences change in body weight (BW) and whether dietary fat has a modifying effect on the association. OBJECTIVES We examined whether 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 4 genes in the PPARγ pathway are associated with the OR of being a BW gainer or with annual changes in anthropometry and whether intake of total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, or saturated fat has a modifying effect on these associations. METHODS A case-noncase study included 11,048 men and women from cohorts in the European Diet, Obesity and Genes study; 5552 were cases, defined as individuals with the greatest BW gain during follow-up, and 6548 were randomly selected, including 5496 noncases. We selected 4 genes [CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (CEBPB), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, PPARγ gene (PPARG), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1] according to evidence about biologic plausibility for interactions with dietary fat in weight regulation. Diet was assessed at baseline, and anthropometry was followed for 7 y. RESULTS The ORs for being a BW gainer for the 27 genetic variants ranged from 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.03) to 1.12 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.22) per additional minor allele. Uncorrected, CEBPB rs4253449 had a significant interaction with the intake of total fat and subgroups of fat. The OR for being a BW gainer for each additional rs4253449 minor allele per 100 kcal higher total fat intake was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12; P = 0.008), and similar associations were found for subgroups of fat. CONCLUSIONS Among European men and women, the influence of dietary fat on associations between SNPs in the PPARγ pathway and anthropometry is likely to be absent or marginal. The observed interaction between rs4253449 and dietary fat needs confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane N Østergaard
- The Department for Health and Care, Aarhus Municipality, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820 Copenhagen, Denmark,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK.,The Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte M Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Birgit M Nielsen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark,COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Wim HM Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, 6200MD The Netherlands
| | - Daphne L van der A
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda MA Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Edith JM Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marianne U Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ruth JF Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA,The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thorkild IA Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
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23
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Vimaleswaran KS, Cavadino A, Verweij N, Nolte IM, Mateo Leach I, Auvinen J, Veijola J, Elliott P, Penninx BW, Snieder H, Järvelin MR, van der Harst P, Cohen RD, Boucher BJ, Hyppönen E. Interactions between uncoupling protein 2 gene polymorphisms, obesity and alcohol intake on liver function: a large meta-analysed population-based study. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:863-72. [PMID: 26526553 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Given the role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in the accumulation of fat in the hepatocytes and in the enhancement of protective mechanisms in acute ethanol intake, we hypothesised that UCP2 polymorphisms are likely to cause liver disease through their interactions with obesity and alcohol intake. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the interaction between tagging polymorphisms in the UCP2 gene (rs2306819, rs599277 and rs659366), alcohol intake and obesity traits such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in a large meta-analysis of data sets from three populations (n=20 242). DESIGN AND METHODS The study populations included the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n=4996), Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (n=1883) and LifeLines Cohort Study (n=13 363). Interactions between the polymorphisms and obesity and alcohol intake on dichotomised ALT and GGT levels were assessed using logistic regression and the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of the three cohorts, none of the three UCP2 polymorphisms were associated with GGT or ALT levels. There was no evidence for interaction between the polymorphisms and alcohol intake on GGT and ALT levels. In contrast, the association of WC and BMI with GGT levels varied by rs659366 genotype (Pinteraction=0.03 and 0.007, respectively; adjusted for age, gender, high alcohol intake, diabetes, hypertension and serum lipid concentrations). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings in 20 242 individuals suggest that UCP2 gene polymorphisms may cause liver dysfunction through the interaction with body fat rather than alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Readin
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Readin
| | - Niek Verweij
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Readin
| | - Juha Veijola
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Readin
| | - Paul Elliott
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Readin
| | - Harold Snieder
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Readin
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Readin
| | - Robert D Cohen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara J Boucher
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UKPopulationPolicy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, Departments of CardiologyEpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsUnit of Primary CareOulu University Hospital, Oulu, FinlandFaculty of MedicineCenter for Life Course EpidemiologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of PsychiatryMedical Research Center, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, London, UKDepartment of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of PsychiatryEMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsICIN - Netherlands Heart InstituteDurrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Newark Street, London, UKCentre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Science and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide, South Australia, Australia Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Readin
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Roswall N, Ängquist L, Ahluwalia TS, Romaguera D, Larsen SC, Østergaard JN, Halkjaer J, Vimaleswaran KS, Wareham NJ, Bendinelli B, Palli D, Boer JMA, van der A DL, Boeing H, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, Tjønneland A. Association between Mediterranean and Nordic diet scores and changes in weight and waist circumference: influence of FTO and TCF7L2 loci. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1188-97. [PMID: 25099543 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.089706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet measured by using the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) is associated with lower obesity risk. The newly proposed Nordic Diet could hold similar beneficial effects. Because of the increasing focus on the interaction between diet and genetic predisposition to adiposity, studies should consider both diet and genetics. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether FTO rs9939609 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 modified the association between the MDS and Nordic diet score (NDS) and changes in weight (Δweight), waist circumference (ΔWC), and waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (ΔWCBMI). DESIGN We conducted a case-cohort study with a median follow-up of 6.8 y that included 11,048 participants from 5 European countries; 5552 of these subjects were cases defined as individuals with the greatest degree of unexplained weight gain during follow-up. A randomly selected subcohort included 6548 participants, including 5496 noncases. Cases and noncases were compared in analyses by using logistic regression. Continuous traits (ie, Δweight, ΔWC, and ΔWCBMI) were analyzed by using linear regression models in the random subcohort. Interactions were tested by including interaction terms in models. RESULTS A higher MDS was significantly inversely associated with case status (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00), ΔWC (β = -0.010 cm/y; 95% CI: -0.020, -0.001 cm/y), and ΔWCBMI (β = -0.008; 95% CI:-0.015, -0.001) per 1-point increment but not Δweight (P = 0.53). The NDS was not significantly associated with any outcome. There was a borderline significant interaction between the MDS and TCF7L2 rs7903146 on weight gain (P = 0.05), which suggested a beneficial effect of the MDS only in subjects who carried 1 or 2 risk alleles. FTO did not modify observed associations. CONCLUSIONS A high MDS is associated with a lower ΔWC and ΔWCBMI, regardless of FTO and TCF7L2 risk alleles. For Δweight, findings were less clear, but the effect may depend on the TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant. The NDS was not associated with anthropometric changes during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Roswall
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Lars Ängquist
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Dora Romaguera
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Jane N Østergaard
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Jytte Halkjaer
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Nicolas J Wareham
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Domenico Palli
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Daphne L van der A
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Heiner Boeing
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
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Vimaleswaran KS, Cavadino A, Berry DJ, Jorde R, Dieffenbach AK, Lu C, Alves AC, Heerspink HJL, Tikkanen E, Eriksson J, Wong A, Mangino M, Jablonski KA, Nolte IM, Houston DK, Ahluwalia TS, van der Most PJ, Pasko D, Zgaga L, Thiering E, Vitart V, Fraser RM, Huffman JE, de Boer RA, Schöttker B, Saum KU, McCarthy MI, Dupuis J, Herzig KH, Sebert S, Pouta A, Laitinen J, Kleber ME, Navis G, Lorentzon M, Jameson K, Arden N, Cooper JA, Acharya J, Hardy R, Raitakari O, Ripatti S, Billings LK, Lahti J, Osmond C, Penninx BW, Rejnmark L, Lohman KK, Paternoster L, Stolk RP, Hernandez DG, Byberg L, Hagström E, Melhus H, Ingelsson E, Mellström D, Ljunggren O, Tzoulaki I, McLachlan S, Theodoratou E, Tiesler CMT, Jula A, Navarro P, Wright AF, Polasek O, Wilson JF, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Heinrich J, Campbell H, Price JF, Karlsson M, Lind L, Michaëlsson K, Bandinelli S, Frayling TM, Hartman CA, Sørensen TIA, Kritchevsky SB, Langdahl BL, Eriksson JG, Florez JC, Spector TD, Lehtimäki T, Kuh D, Humphries SE, Cooper C, Ohlsson C, März W, de Borst MH, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, Wang TJ, Power C, Brenner H, Grimnes G, van der Harst P, Snieder H, Hingorani AD, Pilz S, Whittaker JC, Järvelin MR, Hyppönen E. Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2:719-29. [PMID: 24974252 PMCID: PMC4582411 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with high arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk, but whether this association is causal is unknown. We used a mendelian randomisation approach to test whether 25(OH)D concentration is causally associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk. METHODS In this mendelian randomisation study, we generated an allele score (25[OH]D synthesis score) based on variants of genes that affect 25(OH)D synthesis or substrate availability (CYP2R1 and DHCR7), which we used as a proxy for 25(OH)D concentration. We meta-analysed data for up to 108 173 individuals from 35 studies in the D-CarDia collaboration to investigate associations between the allele score and blood pressure measurements. We complemented these analyses with previously published summary statistics from the International Consortium on Blood Pressure (ICBP), the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and the Global Blood Pressure Genetics (Global BPGen) consortium. FINDINGS In phenotypic analyses (up to n=49 363), increased 25(OH)D concentration was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, -0·12 mm Hg, 95% CI -0·20 to -0·04; p=0·003) and reduced odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·97-0·99; p=0·0003), but not with decreased diastolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, -0·02 mm Hg, -0·08 to 0·03; p=0·37). In meta-analyses in which we combined data from D-CarDia and the ICBP (n=146 581, after exclusion of overlapping studies), each 25(OH)D-increasing allele of the synthesis score was associated with a change of -0·10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (-0·21 to -0·0001; p=0·0498) and a change of -0·08 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (-0·15 to -0·02; p=0·01). When D-CarDia and consortia data for hypertension were meta-analysed together (n=142 255), the synthesis score was associated with a reduced odds of hypertension (OR per allele, 0·98, 0·96-0·99; p=0·001). In instrumental variable analysis, each 10% increase in genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a change of -0·29 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (-0·52 to -0·07; p=0·01), a change of -0·37 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (-0·73 to 0·003; p=0·052), and an 8·1% decreased odds of hypertension (OR 0·92, 0·87-0·97; p=0·002). INTERPRETATION Increased plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D might reduce the risk of hypertension. This finding warrants further investigation in an independent, similarly powered study. FUNDING British Heart Foundation, UK Medical Research Council, and Academy of Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food & Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Diane J Berry
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Rolf Jorde
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexessander Couto Alves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hiddo J Lambers Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Tukholmankatu, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK
| | - Kathleen A Jablonski
- Biostatistics Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Denise K Houston
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia
- Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dorota Pasko
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross M Fraser
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karen Jameson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nigel Arden
- NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jayshree Acharya
- Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liana K Billings
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt K Lohman
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ronald P Stolk
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Osten Ljunggren
- Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carla M T Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacqueline F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedic Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; School of Population Health, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Vimaleswaran KS, Cavadino A, Berry DJ, Mangino M, Andrews P, Moore JH, Spector TD, Power C, Järvelin MR, Hyppönen E. Interaction between allelic variations in vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor genes on metabolic traits. BMC Genet 2014; 15:37. [PMID: 24641809 PMCID: PMC4004151 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low vitamin D status has been shown to be a risk factor for several metabolic traits such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The biological actions of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor, gamma (RXRG). Hence, we examined the potential interactions between the tagging polymorphisms in the VDR (22 tag SNPs) and RXRG (23 tag SNPs) genes on metabolic outcomes such as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), high- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols, serum triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and glycated haemoglobin in the 1958 British Birth Cohort (1958BC, up to n = 5,231). We used Multifactor- dimensionality reduction (MDR) program as a non-parametric test to examine for potential interactions between the VDR and RXRG gene polymorphisms in the 1958BC. We used the data from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC66, up to n = 5,316) and Twins UK (up to n = 3,943) to replicate our initial findings from 1958BC. Results After Bonferroni correction, the joint-likelihood ratio test suggested interactions on serum triglycerides (4 SNP - SNP pairs), LDL cholesterol (2 SNP - SNP pairs) and WHR (1 SNP - SNP pair) in the 1958BC. MDR permutation model testing analysis showed one two-way and one three-way interaction to be statistically significant on serum triglycerides in the 1958BC. In meta-analysis of results from two replication cohorts (NFBC66 and Twins UK, total n = 8,183), none of the interactions remained after correction for multiple testing (Pinteraction >0.17). Conclusions Our results did not provide strong evidence for interactions between allelic variations in VDR and RXRG genes on metabolic outcomes; however, further replication studies on large samples are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Vimaleswaran KS, Power C, Hyppönen E. Interaction between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations on metabolic and cardiovascular disease outcomes. Diabetes Metab 2014; 40:386-9. [PMID: 24582179 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations have been shown to be associated with major clinical outcomes, with a suggestion that individual risk may vary according to common genetic differences in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. Hence, we tested for the interactions between two previously studied VDR polymorphisms and 25OHD on metabolic and cardiovascular disease-related outcomes in a large population-based study. METHODS Interactions between two previously studied VDR polymorphisms (rs7968585 and rs2239179) and 25OHD concentrations on metabolic and cardiovascular disease-related outcomes such as obesity- (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR)), cardiovascular- (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), lipid- (high- and low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol), inflammatory- (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, insulin growth factor-1, tissue plasminogen activator) and diabetes- (glycated haemoglobin) related markers were examined in the 1958 British Birth cohort (n up to 5160). Interactions between each SNP and 25OHD concentrations were assessed using linear regression and the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS After Bonferroni correction, none of the interactions reached statistical significance except for the interaction between the VDR SNP rs2239179 and 25OHD concentrations on waist-hip ratio (WHR) (P=0.03). For every 1nmol/L higher 25OHD concentrations, the association with WHR was stronger among those with two major alleles (-4.0%, P=6.26e(-24)) compared to those with either one or no major alleles (-2.3%, P≤8.201e(-07), for both) of the VDR SNP rs2239179. CONCLUSION We found no evidence for VDR polymorphisms acting as major modifiers of the association between 25OHD concentrations and cardio-metabolic risk. Interaction between VDR SNP rs2239179 and 25OHD on WHR warrants further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Vimaleswaran
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food & Pharmacy, University of Reading, England RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - C Power
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - E Hyppönen
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; School of Population Health, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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29
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Meidtner K, Fisher E, Angquist L, Holst C, Vimaleswaran KS, Boer JMA, Halkjær J, Masala G, Ostergaard JN, Mortensen LM, van der A DL, Tjønneland A, Palli D, Overvad K, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, Boeing H. Variation in genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism and changes in waist circumference and body weight. Genes Nutr 2014; 9:385. [PMID: 24496996 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the genetic variability of six candidate genes (ATF6, FABP1, LPIN2, LPIN3, MLXIPL and MTTP) involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, an important regulatory site of energy balance for associations with body mass index (BMI) and changes in weight and waist circumference. We also investigated effect modification by sex and dietary intake. Data of 6,287 individuals participating in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition were included in the analyses. Data on weight and waist circumference were followed up for 6.9 ± 2.5 years. Association of 69 tagSNPs with baseline BMI and annual changes in weight as well as waist circumference were investigated using linear regression analysis. Interactions with sex, GI and intake of carbohydrates, fat as well as saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined by including multiplicative SNP-covariate terms into the regression model. Neither baseline BMI nor annual weight or waist circumference changes were significantly associated with variation in the selected genes in the entire study population after correction for multiple testing. One SNP (rs1164) in LPIN2 appeared to be significantly interacting with sex (p = 0.0003) and was associated with greater annual weight gain in men (56.8 ± 23.7 g/year per allele, p = 0.02) than in women (-25.5 ± 19.8 g/year per allele, p = 0.2). With respect to gene-nutrient interaction, we could not detect any significant interactions when accounting for multiple testing. Therefore, out of our six candidate genes, LPIN2 may be considered as a candidate for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Meidtner
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany,
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30
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Vimaleswaran KS, Cavadino A, Hyppönen E. APOA5 genotype influences the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:188-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Vimaleswaran KS, Berry DJ, Lu C, Tikkanen E, Pilz S, Hiraki LT, Cooper JD, Dastani Z, Li R, Houston DK, Wood AR, Michaëlsson K, Vandenput L, Zgaga L, Yerges-Armstrong LM, McCarthy MI, Dupuis J, Kaakinen M, Kleber ME, Jameson K, Arden N, Raitakari O, Viikari J, Lohman KK, Ferrucci L, Melhus H, Ingelsson E, Byberg L, Lind L, Lorentzon M, Salomaa V, Campbell H, Dunlop M, Mitchell BD, Herzig KH, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Streeten EA, Theodoratou E, Jula A, Wareham NJ, Ohlsson C, Frayling TM, Kritchevsky SB, Spector TD, Richards JB, Lehtimäki T, Ouwehand WH, Kraft P, Cooper C, März W, Power C, Loos RJF, Wang TJ, Järvelin MR, Whittaker JC, Hingorani AD, Hyppönen E. Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts. PLoS Med 2013; 10:e1001383. [PMID: 23393431 PMCID: PMC3564800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency, and both are areas of active public health concern. We explored the causality and direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] using genetic markers as instrumental variables (IVs) in bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used information from 21 adult cohorts (up to 42,024 participants) with 12 BMI-related SNPs (combined in an allelic score) to produce an instrument for BMI and four SNPs associated with 25(OH)D (combined in two allelic scores, separately for genes encoding its synthesis or metabolism) as an instrument for vitamin D. Regression estimates for the IVs (allele scores) were generated within-study and pooled by meta-analysis to generate summary effects. Associations between vitamin D scores and BMI were confirmed in the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium (n = 123,864). Each 1 kg/m(2) higher BMI was associated with 1.15% lower 25(OH)D (p = 6.52×10⁻²⁷). The BMI allele score was associated both with BMI (p = 6.30×10⁻⁶²) and 25(OH)D (-0.06% [95% CI -0.10 to -0.02], p = 0.004) in the cohorts that underwent meta-analysis. The two vitamin D allele scores were strongly associated with 25(OH)D (p≤8.07×10⁻⁵⁷ for both scores) but not with BMI (synthesis score, p = 0.88; metabolism score, p = 0.08) in the meta-analysis. A 10% higher genetically instrumented BMI was associated with 4.2% lower 25(OH)D concentrations (IV ratio: -4.2 [95% CI -7.1 to -1.3], p = 0.005). No association was seen for genetically instrumented 25(OH)D with BMI, a finding that was confirmed using data from the GIANT consortium (p≥0.57 for both vitamin D scores). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of a bi-directional genetic approach that limits confounding, our study suggests that a higher BMI leads to lower 25(OH)D, while any effects of lower 25(OH)D increasing BMI are likely to be small. Population level interventions to reduce BMI are expected to decrease the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diane J. Berry
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda T. Hiraki
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Cooper
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zari Dastani
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denise K. Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- LURIC Study non-profit LLC, Freiburg, Germany and Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Jameson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Arden
- NIHR Musculoskeletal BRU, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kurt K. Lohman
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group and Academic Coloproctology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Public Health and General Practice, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Streeten
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chris Power
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Wang
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - John C. Whittaker
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Quantitative Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Vimaleswaran KS, Ängquist L, Hansen RD, van der A DL, Bouatia-Naji N, Holst C, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Jakobsen MU, Boeing H, Meidtner K, Palli D, Masala G, Saris WHM, Feskens EJM, Wareham NJ, Sørensen TIA, Loos RJF. Association between FTO variant and change in body weight and its interaction with dietary factors: the DiOGenes study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1669-74. [PMID: 22421893 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although FTO is an established obesity-susceptibility locus, it remains unknown whether it influences weight change in adult life and whether diet attenuates this association. Therefore, we investigated the association of FTO-rs9939609 with changes in weight and waist circumference (WC) during 6.8 years follow-up in a large-scale prospective study and examined whether these associations were modified by dietary energy percentage from fat, protein, carbohydrate, or glycemic index (GI). This study comprised data from five countries of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and was designed as a case-cohort study for weight gain. Analyses included 11,091 individuals, of whom 5,584 were cases (age (SD), 47.6 (7.5) years), defined as those with the greatest unexplained annual weight gain during follow-up and 5,507 were noncases (48.0 (7.3) years), who were compared in our case-noncase (CNC) analyses. Furthermore, 6,566 individuals (47.9 (7.3) years) selected from the total sample (all noncases and 1,059 cases) formed the random subcohort (RSC), used for continuous trait analyses. Interactions were tested by including interaction terms in the models. In the RSC-analyses, FTO-rs9939609 was associated with BMI (β (SE), 0.17 (0.08) kg·m(-2)/allele; P = 0.034) and WC (0.47 (0.21) cm/allele; P = 0.026) at baseline, but not with weight change (5.55 (12.5) g·year(-1)/allele; P = 0.66) during follow up. In the CNC-analysis, FTO-rs9939609 was associated with increased risk of being a weight-gainer (OR: 1.1; P = 0.045). We observed no interaction between FTO-rs9939609 and dietary fat, protein and carbohydrate, and GI on BMI and WC at baseline or on change in weight and WC. FTO-rs9939609 is associated with BMI and WC at baseline, but association with weight gain is weak and only observed for extreme gain. Dietary factors did not influence the associations.
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Hooton H, Angquist L, Holst C, Hager J, Rousseau F, Hansen RD, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, van der A DL, Overvad K, Jakobsen MU, Boeing H, Meidtner K, Palli D, Masala G, Bouatia-Naji N, Saris WHM, Feskens EJM, Wareham NJ, Vimaleswaran KS, Langin D, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, Clément K. Dietary factors impact on the association between CTSS variants and obesity related traits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40394. [PMID: 22844403 PMCID: PMC3402491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Cathepsin S, a protein coded by the CTSS gene, is implicated in adipose tissue biology–this protein enhances adipose tissue development. Our hypothesis is that common variants in CTSS play a role in body weight regulation and in the development of obesity and that these effects are influenced by dietary factors–increased by high protein, glycemic index and energy diets. Methods Four tag SNPs (rs7511673, rs11576175, rs10888390 and rs1136774) were selected to capture all common variation in the CTSS region. Association between these four SNPs and several adiposity measurements (BMI, waist circumference, waist for given BMI and being a weight gainer–experiencing the greatest degree of unexplained annual weight gain during follow-up or not) given, where applicable, both as baseline values and gain during the study period (6–8 years) were tested in 11,091 European individuals (linear or logistic regression models). We also examined the interaction between the CTSS variants and dietary factors–energy density, protein content (in grams or in % of total energy intake) and glycemic index–on these four adiposity phenotypes. Results We found several associations between CTSS polymorphisms and anthropometric traits including baseline BMI (rs11576175 (SNP N°2), p = 0.02, β = −0.2446), and waist change over time (rs7511673 (SNP N°1), p = 0.01, β = −0.0433 and rs10888390 (SNP N°3), p = 0.04, β = −0.0342). In interaction with the percentage of proteins contained in the diet, rs11576175 (SNP N°2) was also associated with the risk of being a weight gainer (pinteraction = 0.01, OR = 1.0526)–the risk of being a weight gainer increased with the percentage of proteins contained in the diet. Conclusion CTSS variants seem to be nominally associated to obesity related traits and this association may be modified by dietary protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Hooton
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (INSERM), U872, Nutriomique, Paris, France.
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Vimaleswaran KS, Tachmazidou I, Zhao JH, Hirschhorn JN, Dudbridge F, Loos RJF. Candidate genes for obesity-susceptibility show enriched association within a large genome-wide association study for BMI. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4537-42. [PMID: 22791748 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Before the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), hundreds of candidate genes for obesity-susceptibility had been identified through a variety of approaches. We examined whether those obesity candidate genes are enriched for associations with body mass index (BMI) compared with non-candidate genes by using data from a large-scale GWAS. A thorough literature search identified 547 candidate genes for obesity-susceptibility based on evidence from animal studies, Mendelian syndromes, linkage studies, genetic association studies and expression studies. Genomic regions were defined to include the genes ±10 kb of flanking sequence around candidate and non-candidate genes. We used summary statistics publicly available from the discovery stage of the genome-wide meta-analysis for BMI performed by the genetic investigation of anthropometric traits consortium in 123 564 individuals. Hypergeometric, rank tail-strength and gene-set enrichment analysis tests were used to test for the enrichment of association in candidate compared with non-candidate genes. The hypergeometric test of enrichment was not significant at the 5% P-value quantile (P = 0.35), but was nominally significant at the 25% quantile (P = 0.015). The rank tail-strength and gene-set enrichment tests were nominally significant for the full set of genes and borderline significant for the subset without SNPs at P < 10(-7). Taken together, the observed evidence for enrichment suggests that the candidate gene approach retains some value. However, the degree of enrichment is small despite the extensive number of candidate genes and the large sample size. Studies that focus on candidate genes have only slightly increased chances of detecting associations, and are likely to miss many true effects in non-candidate genes, at least for obesity-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Fisher E, Meidtner K, Angquist L, Holst C, Hansen RD, Halkjær J, Masala G, Ostergaard JN, Overvad K, Palli D, Vimaleswaran KS, Tjønneland A, van der A DL, Wareham NJ, Sørensen TI, Loos RJ, Boeing H. Influence of dietary protein intake and glycemic index on the association between TCF7L2 HapA and weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1468-76. [PMID: 22552033 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.014670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) have been associated with type 2 diabetes and BMI. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate whether TCF7L2 HapA is associated with weight development and whether such an association is modulated by protein intake or by the glycemic index (GI). DESIGN The investigation was based on prospective data from 5 cohort studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Weight change was followed up for a mean (±SD) of 6.8 ± 2.5 y. TCF7L2 rs7903146 and rs10885406 were successfully genotyped in 11,069 individuals and used to derive HapA. Multiple logistic and linear regression analysis was applied to test for the main effect of HapA and its interaction with dietary protein or GI. Analyses from the cohorts were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS HapA was associated neither with baseline BMI (0.03 ± 0.07 BMI units per allele; P = 0.6) nor with annual weight change (8.8 ± 11.7 g/y per allele; P = 0.5). However, a previously shown positive association between intake of protein, particularly of animal origin, and subsequent weight change in this population proved to be attenuated by TCF7L2 HapA (P-interaction = 0.01). We showed that weight gain becomes independent of protein intake with an increasing number of HapA alleles. Substitution of protein with either fat or carbohydrates showed the same effects. No interaction with GI was observed. CONCLUSION TCF7L2 HapA attenuates the positive association between animal protein intake and long-term body weight change in middle-aged Europeans but does not interact with the GI of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fisher
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Berry DJ, Vimaleswaran KS, Whittaker JC, Hingorani AD, Hyppönen E. Evaluation of genetic markers as instruments for Mendelian randomization studies on vitamin D. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37465. [PMID: 22629401 PMCID: PMC3357436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use genetic variants mimicking the influence of a modifiable exposure to assess and quantify a causal association with an outcome, with an aim to avoid problems with confounding and reverse causality affecting other types of observational studies. AIM We evaluated genetic markers that index differences in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) as instruments for MR studies on vitamin D. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used data from up-to 6,877 participants in the 1958 British birth cohort with information on genetic markers and 25(OH)D. As potential instruments, we selected 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) which are located in the vitamin D metabolism pathway or affect skin pigmentation/tanning, including 4 SNPs from genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analyses on 25(OH)D. We analyzed SNP associations with 25(OH)D and evaluated the use of allele scores dividing genes to those affecting 25(OH)D synthesis (DHCR7, CYP2R1) and metabolism (GC, CYP24A1, CYP27B1). In addition to the GWA SNPs, only two SNPs (CYP27B1, OCA2) showed evidence for association with 25(OH)D, with the OCA2 association abolished after lifestyle adjustment. Per allele differences varied between -0.02 and -0.08 nmol/L (P≤0.02 for all), with a 6.1 nmol/L and a 10.2 nmol/L difference in 25(OH)D between individuals with highest compared lowest number of risk alleles in synthesis and metabolism allele scores, respectively. Individual SNPs but not allele scores showed associations with lifestyle factors. An exception was geographical region which was associated with synthesis score. Illustrative power calculations (80% power, 5% alpha) suggest that approximately 80,000 participants are required to establish a causal effect of vitamin D on blood pressure using the synthesis allele score. CONCLUSIONS Combining SNPs into allele scores provides a more powerful instrument for MR analysis than a single SNP in isolation. Population stratification and the potential for pleiotropic effects need to be considered in MR studies on vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane J. Berry
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre for the Epidemiology of Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre for the Epidemiology of Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Whittaker
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre for the Epidemiology of Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Larsen LH, Angquist L, Vimaleswaran KS, Hager J, Viguerie N, Loos RJF, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Jebb SA, Kunesova M, Larsen TM, Martinez JA, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AFH, van Baak MA, Sørensen TI, Holst C, Langin D, Astrup A, Saris WHM. Analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms in selected nutrient-sensitive genes in weight-regain prevention: the DIOGENES study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1254-60. [PMID: 22492381 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.016543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in the interindividual response to dietary intervention could be modified by genetic variation in nutrient-sensitive genes. OBJECTIVE This study examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in presumed nutrient-sensitive candidate genes for obesity and obesity-related diseases for main and dietary interaction effects on weight, waist circumference, and fat mass regain over 6 mo. DESIGN In total, 742 participants who had lost ≥ 8% of their initial body weight were randomly assigned to follow 1 of 5 different ad libitum diets with different glycemic indexes and contents of dietary protein. The SNP main and SNP-diet interaction effects were analyzed by using linear regression models, corrected for multiple testing by using Bonferroni correction and evaluated by using quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots. RESULTS After correction for multiple testing, none of the SNPs were significantly associated with weight, waist circumference, or fat mass regain. Q-Q plots showed that ALOX5AP rs4769873 showed a higher observed than predicted P value for the association with less waist circumference regain over 6 mo (-3.1 cm/allele; 95% CI: -4.6, -1.6; P/Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.000039/0.076), independently of diet. Additional associations were identified by using Q-Q plots for SNPs in ALOX5AP, TNF, and KCNJ11 for main effects; in LPL and TUB for glycemic index interaction effects on waist circumference regain; in GHRL, CCK, MLXIPL, and LEPR on weight; in PPARC1A, PCK2, ALOX5AP, PYY, and ADRB3 on waist circumference; and in PPARD, FABP1, PLAUR, and LPIN1 on fat mass regain for dietary protein interaction. CONCLUSION The observed effects of SNP-diet interactions on weight, waist, and fat mass regain suggest that genetic variation in nutrient-sensitive genes can modify the response to diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesli H Larsen
- Department of Human Nutrition, LIFE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bradfield JP, Taal HR, Timpson NJ, Scherag A, Lecoeur C, Warrington NM, Hypponen E, Holst C, Valcarcel B, Thiering E, Salem RM, Schumacher FR, Cousminer DL, Sleiman PMA, Zhao J, Berkowitz RI, Vimaleswaran KS, Jarick I, Pennell CE, Evans DM, St Pourcain B, Berry DJ, Mook-Kanamori DO, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, van der Valk RJP, de Jongste JC, Postma DS, Boomsma DI, Gauderman WJ, Hassanein MT, Lindgren CM, Mägi R, Boreham CAG, Neville CE, Moreno LA, Elliott P, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Li M, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T, Eriksson JG, Palotie A, Dallongeville J, Das S, Deloukas P, McMahon G, Ring SM, Kemp JP, Buxton JL, Blakemore AIF, Bustamante M, Guxens M, Hirschhorn JN, Gillman MW, Kreiner-Møller E, Bisgaard H, Gilliland FD, Heinrich J, Wheeler E, Barroso I, O'Rahilly S, Meirhaeghe A, Sørensen TIA, Power C, Palmer LJ, Hinney A, Widen E, Farooqi IS, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Meyre D, Hebebrand J, Jarvelin MR, Jaddoe VWV, Smith GD, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA. A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci. Nat Genet 2012; 44:526-31. [PMID: 22484627 PMCID: PMC3370100 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple genetic variants have been associated with adult obesity and a few with severe obesity in childhood; however, less progress has been made in establishing genetic influences on common early-onset obesity. We performed a North American, Australian and European collaborative meta-analysis of 14 studies consisting of 5,530 cases (≥95th percentile of body mass index (BMI)) and 8,318 controls (<50th percentile of BMI) of European ancestry. Taking forward the eight newly discovered signals yielding association with P < 5 × 10(-6) in nine independent data sets (2,818 cases and 4,083 controls), we observed two loci that yielded genome-wide significant combined P values near OLFM4 at 13q14 (rs9568856; P = 1.82 × 10(-9); odds ratio (OR) = 1.22) and within HOXB5 at 17q21 (rs9299; P = 3.54 × 10(-9); OR = 1.14). Both loci continued to show association when two extreme childhood obesity cohorts were included (2,214 cases and 2,674 controls). These two loci also yielded directionally consistent associations in a previous meta-analysis of adult BMI(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Vimaleswaran KS, Radha V, Ghosh S, Majumder PP, Sathyanarayana Rao MR, Mohan V. Uncoupling protein 2 and 3 gene polymorphisms and their association with type 2 diabetes in asian indians. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13:19-25. [PMID: 21175267 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2010.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND this study examined the association of -866G/A, Ala55Val, 45bpI/D, and -55C/T polymorphisms at the uncoupling protein (UCP) 3-2 loci with type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. METHODS a case-control study was performed among 1,406 unrelated subjects (487 with type 2 diabetes and 919 normal glucose-tolerant [NGT]), chosen from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, an ongoing population-based study in Southern India. The polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. Haplotype frequencies were estimated using an expectation-maximization algorithm. Linkage disequilibrium was estimated from the estimates of haplotypic frequencies. RESULTS the genotype (P = 0.00006) and the allele (P = 0.00007) frequencies of Ala55Val of the UCP2 gene showed a significant protective effect against the development of type 2 diabetes. The odds ratios (adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index) for diabetes for individuals carrying Ala/Val was 0.72, and that for individuals carrying Val/Val was 0.37. Homeostasis insulin resistance model assessment and 2-h plasma glucose were significantly lower among Val-allele carriers compared to the Ala/Ala genotype within the NGT group. The genotype (P = 0.02) and the allele (P = 0.002) frequencies of -55C/T of the UCP3 gene showed a significant protective effect against the development of diabetes. The odds ratio for diabetes for individuals carrying CT was 0.79, and that for individuals carrying TT was 0.61. The haplotype analyses further confirmed the association of Ala55Val with diabetes, where the haplotypes carrying the Ala allele were significantly higher in the cases compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Ala55Val and -55C/T polymorphisms at the UCP3-2 loci are associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
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Vimaleswaran KS, Franks PW, Brage S, Grontved A, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U, Loos RJF. Lack of association between PCK1 polymorphisms and obesity, physical activity, and fitness in European Youth Heart Study (EYHS). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1975-80. [PMID: 20134411 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the hepatic gluconeogenic pathway. Studies have shown that overexpression of Pck1 in mice results in obesity-related traits and higher levels of physical activity (PA). Therefore, our aims were to investigate whether common genetic variation in the PCK1 gene influences obesity-related traits, PA, and fitness, and to examine whether PA and fitness attenuate the influence of the PCK1 polymorphisms on obesity in children. Analyses were undertaken on data from Danish and Estonian children (958 boys and 1,104 girls) from the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS), a school-based, cross-sectional study of children (mean ± s.d. age: 9.6 ± 0.4 years) and adolescents (15.5 ± 0.5 years). We genotyped eight polymorphisms that captured the common genetic variations in the PCK1 gene. The association between the PCK1 polymorphisms and BMI, waist circumference (WC), sum of four skinfolds, PA, and fitness was tested using an additive model adjusted for age, age-group, gender, maturity, and country. Interactions were tested by including interaction terms in the model. None of the polymorphisms were significantly associated with BMI, WC, sum of four skinfolds, PA, and fitness, and also with the risk of being overweight or obese (P > 0.05). The interactions between the polymorphisms and age-group, gender, PA, and fitness were not statistically significant. This is the first study to comprehensively examine the association of PCK1 polymorphisms with obesity, PA, and fitness. Despite strong evidence from animal studies, our study in the EYHS cohort failed to identify an association of PCK1 polymorphisms with obesity, PA, and fitness.
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Vimaleswaran KS, Radha V, Ghosh S, Majumder PP, Rao MRS, Mohan V. A haplotype at the UCP1 gene locus contributes to genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians (CURES-72). Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8:63-8. [PMID: 19943796 DOI: 10.1089/met.2009.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene encoding for uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) is considered to be a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes because of its role in thermogenesis and energy expenditure. The objective of the study was to examine whether genetic variations in the UCP1 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes and its related traits in Asian Indians. METHODS The study subjects, 810 type 2 diabetic subjects and 990 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) subjects, were chosen from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES), an ongoing population-based study in southern India. The polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated from the estimates of haplotypic frequencies. RESULTS The three polymorphisms, namely -3826A-->G, an A-->C transition in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and Met229Leu, were not associated with type 2 diabetes. However, the frequency of the A-C-Met (-3826A-->G-5'UTR A-->C-Met229Leu) haplotype was significantly higher among the type 2 diabetic subjects (2.67%) compared with the NGT subjects (1.45%, P < 0.01). The odds ratio for type 2 diabetes for the individuals carrying the haplotype A-C-Met was 1.82 (95% confidence interval, 1.29-2.78, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The haplotype, A-C-Met, in the UCP1 gene is significantly associated with the increased genetic risk for developing type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians.
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Vimaleswaran KS, Radha V, Jayapriya MG, Ghosh S, Majumder PP, Rao MRS, Mohan V. Evidence for an association with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the PPARG locus in a South Indian population. Metabolism 2010; 59:457-62. [PMID: 19846173 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARG2) is a nuclear hormone receptor of ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in adipogenesis and a molecular target of the insulin sensitizers thiazolidinediones. We addressed the question of whether the 3 variants (-1279G/A, Pro12Ala, and His478His) in the PPARG2 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related traits in a South Indian population. The study subjects (1000 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 1000 normal-glucose-tolerant subjects) were chosen randomly from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, an ongoing population-based study in southern India. The variants were screened by single-stranded conformational variant, direct sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Linkage disequilibrium was estimated from the estimates of haplotypic frequencies. The -1279G/A, Pro12Ala, and His478His variants of the PPARG2 gene were not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the 2-loci analyses showed that, in the presence of Pro/Pro genotype of the Pro12Ala variant, the -1279G/A promoter variant showed increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 2.092; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-3.59; P = .008), whereas in the presence of 12Ala allele, the -1279G/A showed a protective effect against type 2 diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 0.270; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.49; P < .0001). The 3-loci haplotype analysis showed that the A-Ala-T (-1279G/A-Pro12Ala-His478His) haplotype was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (P < .0001). Although our data indicate that the PPARG2 gene variants, independently, have no association with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the 2-loci genotype analysis involving -1279G/A and Pro12Ala variants and the 3-loci haplotype analysis have shown a significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India; Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai 600 086, India
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Gayathri SB, Radha V, Vimaleswaran KS, Mohan V. Association of the PPARGC1A Gene Polymorphism With Diabetic Nephropathy in an Asian Indian Population (CURES-41). Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8:119-26. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2009.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Baby Gayathri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention Control, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention Control, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | | | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention Control, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
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Vimaleswaran KS, Zhao JH, Wainwright NW, Surtees PG, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF. Association between serotonin 5-HT-2C receptor gene (HTR2C) polymorphisms and obesity- and mental health-related phenotypes in a large population-based cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34:1028-33. [PMID: 20065966 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the serotonin 5-HT-2C receptor (HTR2C) are associated with antipsychotic agent-induced weight gain and the development of behavioural and psychological symptoms. We aimed to analyse whether variation in the HTR2C is associated with obesity- and mental health-related phenotypes in a large population-based cohort. METHOD Six tagSNPs, which capture all common genetic variation in the HTR2C gene, were genotyped in 4978 men and women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study, an ongoing prospective population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom. To confirm borderline significant associations, the -759C/T SNP (rs3813929) was genotyped in the remaining 16 003 individuals from the EPIC-Norfolk study. We assessed social and psychological circumstances using the Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire. Genmod models were used to test associations between the SNPs and the outcomes. Logistic regression was performed to test for association of SNPs with obesity- and mental health- related phenotypes. RESULTS Of the six HTR2C SNPs, only the T allele of the -759C/T SNP showed borderline significant associations with higher body mass index (BMI) (0.23 kg m(-2); (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.44); P=0.051) and increased risk of lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) (Odds ratio (OR): 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01-1.22), P=0.02). The associations between the -759C/T and BMI and lifetime MDD were independent. As associations only achieved borderline significance, we aimed to validate our findings on the -759C/T SNP in the full EPIC-Norfolk cohort (n=20 981). Although the association with BMI remained borderline significant (beta=0.20 kg m(-2); 95% CI: 0.04-0.44, P=0.09), that with lifetime MDD (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.94-1.09, P=0.73) was not replicated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that common HTR2C gene variants are unlikely to have a major role in obesity- and mental health-related traits in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Vimaleswaran
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
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Heid IM, Huth C, Loos RJF, Kronenberg F, Adamkova V, Anand SS, Ardlie K, Biebermann H, Bjerregaard P, Boeing H, Bouchard C, Ciullo M, Cooper JA, Corella D, Dina C, Engert JC, Fisher E, Francès F, Froguel P, Hebebrand J, Hegele RA, Hinney A, Hoehe MR, Hu FB, Hubacek JA, Humphries SE, Hunt SC, Illig T, Järvelin MR, Kaakinen M, Kollerits B, Krude H, Kumar J, Lange LA, Langer B, Li S, Luchner A, Lyon HN, Meyre D, Mohlke KL, Mooser V, Nebel A, Nguyen TT, Paulweber B, Perusse L, Qi L, Rankinen T, Rosskopf D, Schreiber S, Sengupta S, Sorice R, Suk A, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Völzke H, Vimaleswaran KS, Wareham NJ, Waterworth D, Yusuf S, Lindgren C, McCarthy MI, Lange C, Hirschhorn JN, Laird N, Wichmann HE. Meta-analysis of the INSIG2 association with obesity including 74,345 individuals: does heterogeneity of estimates relate to study design? PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000694. [PMID: 19851442 PMCID: PMC2757909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism was identified for obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) in one of the first genome-wide association studies, but replications were inconsistent. We collected statistics from 34 studies (n = 74,345), including general population (GP) studies, population-based studies with subjects selected for conditions related to a better health status (‘healthy population’, HP), and obesity studies (OB). We tested five hypotheses to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis of 27 studies on Caucasian adults (n = 66,213) combining the different study designs did not support overall association of the CC-genotype with obesity, yielding an odds ratio (OR) of 1.05 (p-value = 0.27). The I2 measure of 41% (p-value = 0.015) indicated between-study heterogeneity. Restricting to GP studies resulted in a declined I2 measure of 11% (p-value = 0.33) and an OR of 1.10 (p-value = 0.015). Regarding the five hypotheses, our data showed (a) some difference between GP and HP studies (p-value = 0.012) and (b) an association in extreme comparisons (BMI≥32.5, 35.0, 37.5, 40.0 kg/m2 versus BMI<25 kg/m2) yielding ORs of 1.16, 1.18, 1.22, or 1.27 (p-values 0.001 to 0.003), which was also underscored by significantly increased CC-genotype frequencies across BMI categories (10.4% to 12.5%, p-value for trend = 0.0002). We did not find evidence for differential ORs (c) among studies with higher than average obesity prevalence compared to lower, (d) among studies with BMI assessment after the year 2000 compared to those before, or (e) among studies from older populations compared to younger. Analysis of non-Caucasian adults (n = 4889) or children (n = 3243) yielded ORs of 1.01 (p-value = 0.94) or 1.15 (p-value = 0.22), respectively. There was no evidence for overall association of the rs7566605 polymorphism with obesity. Our data suggested an association with extreme degrees of obesity, and consequently heterogeneous effects from different study designs may mask an underlying association when unaccounted for. The importance of study design might be under-recognized in gene discovery and association replication so far. A polymorphism of the INSIG2 gene was identified as being associated with obesity in one of the first genome-wide association studies. However, this association has since then been highly debated upon inconsistent subsequent reports. We collected association information from 34 studies including a total of 74,000 participants. In a meta-analysis of the 27 studies including 66,000 Caucasian adults, we found no overall association of this polymorphism rs7566605 with obesity, comparing subjects with a body-mass-index (BMI)≥30 kg/m2 with normal BMI subjects (BMI<30 kg/m2). Our data suggested an association of this polymorphism with extreme obesity (e.g., BMI≥37.5 kg/m2) compared to normal controls. Such an association with extreme obesity might induce heterogeneous effects from different study designs depending on the proportion of extreme obesity included by the design. However, further studies would be required to substantiate this finding. The importance of study design might be under-recognized in gene discovery and association replication so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M Heid
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Vimaleswaran KS, Radha V, Ghosh S, Majumder PP, Rao MRS, Mohan V. WITHDRAWN: Association of uncoupling protein 2 and 3 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. J Endocrinol Invest 2009:6523. [PMID: 19794301 DOI: 10.3275/6523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Vimaleswaran
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
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Vimaleswaran KS, Li S, Zhao JH, Luan J, Bingham SA, Khaw KT, Ekelund U, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF. Physical activity attenuates the body mass index-increasing influence of genetic variation in the FTO gene. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:425-8. [PMID: 19553294 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intronic variation in the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene has been unequivocally associated with increased body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and the risk of obesity in populations of different ethnicity. OBJECTIVE We examined whether this robust genetic predisposition to obesity can be attenuated by being more physically active. DESIGN The FTO variant rs1121980 was genotyped in 20,374 participants (39-79 y of age) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk Study, an ethnically homogeneous population-based cohort. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with a validated self-reported questionnaire. The interaction between rs1121980 and PA on BMI and waist circumference (WC) was examined by including the interaction term in mixed-effect models. RESULTS We confirmed that the risk (T) allele of rs1121980 was significantly associated with BMI (0.31-unit increase per allele; P < 0.001) and WC (0.77-cm increase per allele; P < 0.001). The PA level attenuated the effect of rs1121980 on BMI and WC; ie, whereas in active individuals the risk allele increased BMI by 0.25 per allele, the increase in BMI was significantly (P for interaction = 0.004) more pronounced (76%) in inactive individuals (0.44 per risk allele). We observed similar effects for WC (P for interaction = 0.02): the risk allele increased WC by 1.04 cm per allele in inactive individuals but by only 0.64 cm in active individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that PA attenuates the effect of the FTO rs1121980 genotype on BMI and WC. This observation has important public health implications because we showed that a genetic susceptibility to obesity induced by FTO variation can be overcome, at least in part, by adopting a physically active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Vimaleswaran KS, Franks PW, Brage S, Sardinha LB, Andersen LB, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U, Loos RJF. Absence of association between the INSIG2 gene polymorphism (rs7566605) and obesity in the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1453-7. [PMID: 19197262 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first genome-wide association study for BMI identified a polymorphism, rs7566605, 10 kb upstream of the insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) transcription start site, as the most significantly associated variant in children and adults. Subsequent studies, however, showed inconsistent association of this polymorphism with obesity traits. This polymorphism has been hypothesized to alter INSIG2 expression leading to inhibition of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Hence, we investigated the association of the INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism with obesity- and lipid-related traits in Danish and Estonian children (930 boys and 1,073 girls) from the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS), a school-based, cross-sectional study of pre- and early pubertal children. The association between the polymorphism and obesity traits was tested using additive and recessive models adjusted for age, age-group, gender, maturity and country. Interactions were tested by including the interaction terms in the model. Despite having sufficient power (98%) to detect the previously reported effect size for association with BMI, we did not find significant effects of rs7566605 on BMI (additive, P = 0.68; recessive, P = 0.24). Accordingly, the polymorphism was not associated with overweight (P = 0.87) or obesity (P = 0.34). We also did not find association with waist circumference (WC), sum of four skinfolds, or with total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein. There were no gender-specific (P = 0.55), age-group-specific (P = 0.63) or country-specific (P = 0.56) effects. There was also no evidence of interaction between genotype and physical activity (P = 0.95). Despite an adequately powered study, our findings suggest that rs7566605 is not associated with obesity-related traits and lipids in the EYHS.
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Brito EC, Vimaleswaran KS, Brage S, Andersen LB, Sardinha LB, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U, Loos RJF, Franks PW. PPARGC1A sequence variation and cardiovascular risk-factor levels: a study of the main genetic effects and gene x environment interactions in children from the European Youth Heart Study. Diabetologia 2009; 52:609-13. [PMID: 19183932 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The PPARGC1A gene coactivates multiple nuclear transcription factors involved in cellular energy metabolism and vascular stasis. In the present study, we genotyped 35 tagging polymorphisms to capture all common PPARGC1A nucleotide sequence variations and tested for association with metabolic and cardiovascular traits in 2,101 Danish and Estonian boys and girls from the European Youth Heart Study, a multicentre school-based cross-sectional cohort study. METHODS Fasting plasma glucose concentrations, anthropometric variables and blood pressure were measured. Habitual physical activity and aerobic fitness were objectively assessed using uniaxial accelerometry and a maximal aerobic exercise stress test on a bicycle ergometer, respectively. RESULTS In adjusted models, nominally significant associations were observed for BMI (rs10018239, p = 0.039), waist circumference (rs7656250, p = 0.012; rs8192678 [Gly482Ser], p = 0.015; rs3755863, p = 0.02; rs10018239, beta = -0.01 cm per minor allele copy, p = 0.043), systolic blood pressure (rs2970869, p = 0.018) and fasting glucose concentrations (rs11724368, p = 0.045). Stronger associations were observed for aerobic fitness (rs7656250, p = 0.005; rs13117172, p = 0.008) and fasting glucose concentrations (rs7657071, p = 0.002). None remained significant after correcting for the number of statistical comparisons. We proceeded by testing for gene x physical activity interactions for the polymorphisms that showed nominal evidence of association in the main effect models. None of these tests was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Variants at PPARGC1A may influence several metabolic traits in this European paediatric cohort. However, variation at PPARGC1A is unlikely to have a major impact on cardiovascular or metabolic health in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Brito
- Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Medicine Clinic, Level 4, Stair B, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
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Vimaleswaran KS, Radha V, Ramya K, Babu HNS, Savitha N, Roopa V, Monalisa D, Deepa R, Ghosh S, Majumder PP, Rao MRS, Mohan V. A novel association of a polymorphism in the first intron of adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypoadiponectinemia in Asian Indians. Hum Genet 2008; 123:599-605. [PMID: 18465144 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose tissue specific protein that is decreased in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The objective of the present study was to examine whether variants in the regulatory regions of the adiponectin gene contribute to type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. The study comprised of 2,000 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) and 2,000 type 2 diabetic, unrelated subjects randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), in southern India. Fasting serum adiponectin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. We identified two proximal promoter SNPs (-11377C-->G and -11282T-->C), one intronic SNP (+10211T-->G) and one exonic SNP (+45T-->G) by SSCP and direct sequencing in a pilot study (n = 500). The +10211T-->G SNP alone was genotyped using PCR-RFLP in 4,000 study subjects. Logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects with TG genotype of +10211T-->G had significantly higher risk for diabetes compared to TT genotype [Odds ratio 1.28; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.07-1.54; P = 0.008]. However, no association with diabetes was observed with GG genotype (P = 0.22). Stratification of the study subjects based on BMI showed that the odds ratio for obesity for the TG genotype was 1.53 (95%CI 1.3-1.8; P < 10(-7)) and that for GG genotype, 2.10 (95% CI 1.3-3.3; P = 0.002). Among NGT subjects, the mean serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower among the GG (P = 0.007) and TG (P = 0.001) genotypes compared to TT genotype. Among Asian Indians there is an association of +10211T-->G polymorphism in the first intron of the adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypoadiponectinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Diabetes and ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Diabetes, Chennai, India
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