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Timms RT, Mena EL, Leng Y, Li MZ, Tchasovnikarova IA, Koren I, Elledge SJ. Author Correction: Defining E3 ligase-substrate relationships through multiplex CRISPR screening. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:305. [PMID: 38114738 PMCID: PMC10866693 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Timms
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elijah L Mena
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iva A Tchasovnikarova
- Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Itay Koren
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Timms RT, Mena EL, Leng Y, Li MZ, Tchasovnikarova IA, Koren I, Elledge SJ. Defining E3 ligase-substrate relationships through multiplex CRISPR screening. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1535-1545. [PMID: 37735597 PMCID: PMC10567573 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Specificity within the ubiquitin-proteasome system is primarily achieved through E3 ubiquitin ligases, but for many E3s their substrates-and in particular the molecular features (degrons) that they recognize-remain largely unknown. Current approaches for assigning E3s to their cognate substrates are tedious and low throughput. Here we developed a multiplex CRISPR screening platform to assign E3 ligases to their cognate substrates at scale. A proof-of-principle multiplex screen successfully performed ~100 CRISPR screens in a single experiment, refining known C-degron pathways and identifying an additional pathway through which Cul2FEM1B targets C-terminal proline. Further, by identifying substrates for Cul1FBXO38, Cul2APPBP2, Cul3GAN, Cul3KLHL8, Cul3KLHL9/13 and Cul3KLHL15, we demonstrate that the approach is compatible with pools of full-length protein substrates of varying stabilities and, when combined with site-saturation mutagenesis, can assign E3 ligases to their cognate degron motifs. Thus, multiplex CRISPR screening will accelerate our understanding of how specificity is achieved within the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Timms
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elijah L Mena
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iva A Tchasovnikarova
- Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Itay Koren
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham asnd Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Chang C, Zhang HP, Zhao R, Li FC, Luo P, Li MZ, Bai HY. Liquid-like atoms in dense-packed solid glasses. Nat Mater 2022; 21:1240-1245. [PMID: 35970963 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the microscopic structural and dynamic pictures of glasses is a long-standing challenge for scientists1,2. Extensive studies on the structure and relaxation dynamics of glasses have constructed the current classical picture3-5: glasses consist of some 'soft zones' of loosely bound atoms embedded in a tightly bound atomic matrix. Recent experiments have found an additional fast process in the relaxation spectra6-9, but the underlying physics of this process remains unclear. Here, combining extensive dynamic experiments and computer simulations, we reveal that this fast relaxation is associated with string-like diffusion of liquid-like atoms, which are inherited from the high-temperature liquids. Even at room temperature, some atoms in dense-packed metallic glasses can diffuse just as easily as they would in liquid states, with an experimentally determined viscosity as low as 107 Pa·s. This finding extends our current microscopic picture of glass solids and might help establish the dynamics-property relationship of glasses4.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H P Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F C Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - P Luo
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Su DQ, Li MZ, Zhuo ZQ. [A case of confirmed with Arcobacter skirrowii infection]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:602-603. [PMID: 35658372 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220117-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Q Su
- Department of Nephrology, Children Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital), Xiamen 361006, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Infectious, Children Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital), Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Z Q Zhuo
- Department of Infectious, Children Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital), Xiamen 361006, China
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5
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Li MZ, Wei LH. [Biology of HPV mediated carcinogenesis and advances of prophylactic means in targeting HPV infection]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:152-155. [PMID: 35184475 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20211209-00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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6
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Suo LD, Zhao D, Chen M, Li J, Dong M, Wang YT, Yu XL, Li MZ, Huang F, Pang XH, Lu L. [An investigation on serum antibody level of varicella-zoster virus in healthy population in Beijing]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:108-113. [PMID: 35184436 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20211221-01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the level and trend of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody among healthy population in Beijing in 2017, after the five-year implementation of the two doses varicella vaccination strategy in 2012, and to provide evidence for scientific evaluation of immunization strategy. Methods: A total of 2 144 subjects in ten age groups from 8 districts of Beijing city were recruited in this study using cross-sectional survey based on multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Serum samples were collected and VZV antibody was detected by ELISA. The influencing factors of antibody concentration and positive rate were analyzed and compared with the study in 2012. The antibody concentration and antibody positive rate were analyzed by nonparametric test and χ² test respectively. Results: The ratio of subjects with registered residence in Beijing city to other provinces was 1∶1. The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.08. The median concentration of VZV antibody was 341.4 (78.6, 1 497.8) mIU/ml, and the total antibody positive rate was 71.1% (1 524/2 144). There were significant differences in antibody positive rate (χ²=736.39, P<0.01) and antibody concentration (χ²=740.34, P<0.01) among different age groups. The antibody positive rate generally increased with age (χ²trend=7.32, Ptrend<0.01). Among 862 children under 14 years old, the antibody positive rate of two doses vaccination 72.8% (182/250) was significantly higher than that of one dose vaccination 51.9% (154/297) (χ²=25.14, P<0.01). There was significant difference between 1-4 years old group (χ²=11.71, P<0.01) and 10-14 years old group (χ²=5.95, P=0.02), but not in 5-9 years old group (χ²=3.00, P=0.07). Compared with the study in 2012, the antibody positive rate increased in 5-9 years old group (χ²=14.35, P<0.01) and decreased in 1-4 years old group (χ²=11.51, P=0.01) in 2017. Conclusion: The recommended varicella booster vaccination has significantly improved the VZV antibody level of children in Beijing city. In the future, it is necessary to explore a more optimized two doses varicella vaccination schedule for children in combination with epidemiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Suo
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - D Zhao
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - M Chen
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - M Dong
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Y T Wang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - X L Yu
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - M Z Li
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - F Huang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - X H Pang
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - L Lu
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
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7
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Chen G, Shrock EL, Li MZ, Spergel JM, Nadeau KC, Pongracic JA, Umetsu DT, Rachid R, MacGinnitie AJ, Phipatanakul W, Schneider L, Oettgen HC, Elledge SJ. High-resolution epitope mapping by AllerScan reveals relationships between IgE and IgG repertoires during peanut oral immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100410. [PMID: 34755130 PMCID: PMC8563412 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy can result in life-threatening reactions and is a major public health concern. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) induces desensitization to food allergens through administration of increasing amounts of allergen. To dissect peanut-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG responses in subjects undergoing OIT, we have developed AllerScan, a method that leverages phage-display and next-generation sequencing to identify the epitope targets of peanut-specific antibodies. We observe a striking diversification and boosting of the peanut-specific IgG repertoire after OIT and a reduction in pre-existing IgE levels against individual epitopes. High-resolution epitope mapping reveals shared recognition of public epitopes in Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 7. In individual subjects, OIT-induced IgG specificities overlap extensively with IgE and exhibit strikingly similar antibody footprints, suggesting related clonal lineages or convergent evolution of peanut-specific IgE and IgG B cells. Individual differences in epitope recognition identified via AllerScan could inform safer and more effective personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghao Chen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen L Shrock
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Medicine, Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Pongracic
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dale T Umetsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rima Rachid
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J MacGinnitie
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynda Schneider
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Martin TD, Patel RS, Cook DR, Choi MY, Patil A, Liang AC, Li MZ, Haigis KM, Elledge SJ. The adaptive immune system is a major driver of selection for tumor suppressor gene inactivation. Science 2021; 373:1327-1335. [PMID: 34529489 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During tumorigenesis, tumors must evolve to evade the immune system and do so by disrupting the genes involved in antigen processing and presentation or up-regulating inhibitory immune checkpoint genes. We performed in vivo CRISPR screens in syngeneic mouse tumor models to examine requirements for tumorigenesis both with and without adaptive immune selective pressure. In each tumor type tested, we found a marked enrichment for the loss of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in the presence of an adaptive immune system relative to immunocompromised mice. Nearly one-third of TSGs showed preferential enrichment, often in a cancer- and tissue-specific manner. These results suggest that clonal selection of recurrent mutations found in cancer is driven largely by the tumor’s requirement to avoid the adaptive immune system.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Carcinogenesis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13/metabolism
- Gene Silencing
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Immune Evasion/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Selection, Genetic
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Martin
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rupesh S Patel
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle R Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mei Yuk Choi
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ajinkya Patil
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony C Liang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Luo M, Gong C, Luo Q, Li AH, Wang X, Li MZ, Xie H, Wang YT, Zhang HR, Huang F. [Epidemiological characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae in cases with acute respiratory infection in Beijing, 2015-2019]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1466-1474. [PMID: 34814569 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210522-00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection among patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing from 2015 to 2019. Methods: The epidemiological data of acute respiratory infection patients from 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing were collected by the respiratory pathogen surveillance system in Beijing. The clinical samples were collected to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae, and the sequence of the VD4 region of the ompA gene in positive samples was analyzed. Results: From January 2015 to December 2019, the overall positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae among patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing was 0.34% (129/37 460). The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae generally increased in March, reaching the peak in May, and started to drop in July, with a duration of about 5-8 months. The epidemic season in different years fluctuated by 1-2 months. The positive monthly rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae was no less than 0.30% in every epidemic season. The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae was the highest in the 5-44 years old group and the highest in 10-14 year-olds. The risk of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection increased with age in patients younger than 25 years old and decreased in those older one aged than 25 years of age. The positive rates in male and female patients were 0.33% (68/20 830) and 0.37% (61/16 528), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.486, P=0.486). The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with common pneumonia was higher than that in patients with upper pneumonia and severe pneumonia (χ2=36.797, P<0.01). Other respiratory pathogens were also detected in the Chlamydia pneumoniae samples, and the top four pathogens appeared as Haemophilus influenzae (15 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 cases), Rhinovirus (8 cases), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (7 cases). 101 strains of 129 Chlamydia pneumoniae positive samples were identified as type A by sequencing. Conclusions: The annual epidemic pattern of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Beijing, is unimodal, and the epidemic season generally appears from March to July. The seasonal characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Beijing can be used for the differential diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae from other respiratory pathogens. Chlamydia pneumoniae is most common in people aged 5-44 years, and the primary genotype is type A. People aged 10-44 years old suffer the highest incidence. If the nucleic acid positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae exceeds 0.30% for two consecutive months, the high prevalence period of Chlamydia pneumoniae can be preliminarily expected. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has a higher probability of progressing to severe pneumonia from general pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luo
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - C Gong
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Public Health,Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - A H Li
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - H Xie
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - Y T Wang
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - H R Zhang
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - F Huang
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
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10
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Luo M, Wang X, Li AH, Luo Q, Xie H, Li MZ, Wang YT, Dong M, Zhang HR, Gong C. [Clinical characteristics of patients infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae in Beijing from 2015 to 2019]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:938-944. [PMID: 34404200 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210524-00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To aralyze the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in Beijing. Methods: Based on Beijing Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance System, acute respiratory infection patients were recruited from 35 different types of sentinel hospitals in Beijing. Their epidemiological and clinical data were systematically collected and clinical specimens were also obtained. Nuclear acid testing was performed for 30 types of respiratory pathogens (including Chlamydia pneumoniae). The identified patients of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection were divided into two groups, the acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) group and pneumoniae group. The differences in clinical characteristics, laboratory examination and prognosis were compared by using independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability test. Results: A total of 119 patients of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection were included, including 12 patients in the AURI group and 107 patients in pneumoniae group. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection mainly occurred in people aged from 5 to 44 years, accounting for 81.5% (97/119). The three most common clinical symptoms were cough (92.4%, 110/119), fever (88.8%, 95/107), and sputum production (76.5%, 91/119). White blood cell counts increased in 39.3% (46/117) of patients. Neutrophile granulocyte proportion increased in 39.7% (46/116) of patients. Platelet count increased in 36.9% (41/111) of patients. An increase of the creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB) was observed in 12 pneumonia patients (24.5%, 12/49). Radiological examination showed that 90.6% (87/105) of patients in the pneumoniae group had pulmonary parenchymal changes; the lesion occurred most commonly in the lower right lung lobe (34.3%, 36/105) and the lower left lung lobe (27.6%, 29/105). Although 73.8% (79/107) of patients in the pneumoniae group were hospitalized, no case received intensive care unit or mechanical ventilation. As to outcomes, one patient developed respiratory failure and 6 patients suffered myocardial injury. No death was observed in this study. The median days of hospitalization and course of illness for pneumonia patients M(P25,P75) were 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) days and 18.0 (13.5, 22.0) days, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in Beijing from 2015 to 2019 were mild, and the main clinical manifestations were cough, fever and sputum. However, most patients in the pneumoniae group caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae still required hospitalization but with a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luo
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - A H Li
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Public Health of Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China
| | - H Xie
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - Y T Wang
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - M Dong
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - H R Zhang
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
| | - C Gong
- Department of Immunization, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013, China
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11
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Jiang SQ, Li MZ. Local crystalline order features in disordered packings of monodisperse spheres. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:205401. [PMID: 33770772 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new tetrahedral structure model was developed for disordered sphere packings, including not only regular tetrahedron (T), but also quartoctahedron (Q) and bcc simplex (B), the tetrahedral building blocks in fcc, hcp and bcc crystal structures, respectively. Both geometric frustrated configurations and local configurations associated with crystalline order in disordered packings can be comprehensively characterized. It is found that with increasing packing fraction, the population of T, Q, and B increases. Moreover, the crystal-type local configurations formed by face-adjacent T, Q and B increases as packing fraction increases, which is more prevalent than the geometric frustrated ones formed by face-adjacent T. In addition, as packing fraction increases, the local density of irregular simplexes is found to increase more quickly than regular ones, playing more important roles in the density increase in disordered packings. These structure features are found to be intrinsic in the jammed random sphere packings with different friction coefficients, which is independent of interparticle friction and only determined by the packing fraction. Our findings provide new understanding for the structural nature of disordered packings and the underlying structural basis of the random close packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Jiang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
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12
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Hu Y, Xu YJ, Li MZ, Lan YX, Mao L, Ning QY, Xu W, Yang HL, Zhang YZ. [The prognostic impact of diabetic mellitus and hyperglycemia during DLBCL treatment on patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:151-157. [PMID: 33858047 PMCID: PMC8071671 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
目的 探讨弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者的临床特征和预后因素,评估合并糖尿病(DM)及治疗过程中发生血糖升高对DLBCL预后的影响。 方法 回顾性收集2009年1月1日至2019年12月31日天津医科大学肿瘤医院及中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治的481例初诊DLBCL患者的临床资料,重点关注其治疗前及治疗中的血糖水平,采用Cox回归风险模型进行单因素分析评估预后影响因素,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线分析血糖异常对DLBCL患者总生存(OS)、无进展生存(PFS)的影响。 结果 82例(17.0%)患者在诊断DLBCL前患DM,88例(18.3%)患者在DLBCL治疗过程中至少发生一次血糖升高。单因素分析显示,年龄、Ann-Arbor分期、IPI评分、是否合并DM与OS、PFS相关(P值均<0.05)。组间比较显示,合并DM组与治疗过程中血糖升高组的OS和PFS均较无血糖异常组差(OS:P值分别为0.001、0.003,PFS:P值均<0.001),合并DM组与治疗过程中血糖升高组相比OS和PFS的差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.557、0.463)。化疗期间血糖控制良好组的OS和PFS优于血糖控制差组(OS:P=0.037,PFS:P=0.007)。 结论 合并DM是影响DLBCL患者预后的重要因素,治疗过程中血糖升高与DLBCL患者的不良预后相关。
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y J Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - M Z Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y X Lan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - L Mao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Q Y Ning
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - W Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - H L Yang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Y Z Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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13
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Morgenlander WR, Henson SN, Monaco DR, Chen A, Littlefield K, Bloch EM, Fujimura E, Ruczinski I, Crowley AR, Natarajan H, Butler SE, Weiner JA, Li MZ, Bonny TS, Benner SE, Balagopal A, Sullivan D, Shoham S, Quinn TC, Eshleman SH, Casadevall A, Redd AD, Laeyendecker O, Ackerman ME, Pekosz A, Elledge SJ, Robinson M, Tobian AA, Larman HB. Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses modulate COVID-19 convalescent plasma functionality. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146927. [PMID: 33571169 DOI: 10.1172/jci146927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) antibody therapies, including COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP), monoclonal antibodies, and hyperimmune globulin, are among the leading treatments for individuals with early COVID-19 infection. The functionality of convalescent plasma varies greatly, but the association of antibody epitope specificities with plasma functionality remains uncharacterized. We assessed antibody functionality and reactivities to peptides across the CoV2 and the 4 endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) genomes in 126 CCP donations. We found strong correlation between plasma functionality and polyclonal antibody targeting of CoV2 spike protein peptides. Antibody reactivity to many HCoV spike peptides also displayed strong correlation with plasma functionality, including pan-coronavirus cross-reactive epitopes located in a conserved region of the fusion peptide. After accounting for antibody cross-reactivity, we identified an association between greater alphacoronavirus NL63 antibody responses and development of highly neutralizing antibodies against CoV2. We also found that plasma preferentially reactive to the CoV2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD), versus the betacoronavirus HKU1 RBD, had higher neutralizing titer. Finally, we developed a 2-peptide serosignature that identifies plasma donations with high anti-spike titer, but that suffer from low neutralizing activity. These results suggest that analysis of coronavirus antibody fine specificities may be useful for selecting desired therapeutics and understanding the complex immune responses elicited by CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Morgenlander
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie N Henson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel R Monaco
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kirsten Littlefield
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Fujimura
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andrew R Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Harini Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Savannah E Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tania S Bonny
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E Benner
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Sullivan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shmuel Shoham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan H Eshleman
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Ar Tobian
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - H Benjamin Larman
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Cui L, Wang LL, Li XJ, Wang LG, Li MZ, Han B. [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicated with apical left ventricular aneurysm and ventricular tachycardia: a case report]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:276-277. [PMID: 33706463 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200413-00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - L L Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - X J Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - L G Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - B Han
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
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15
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Kumar S, Zeng Z, Bagati A, Tay RE, Sanz LA, Hartono SR, Ito Y, Abderazzaq F, Hatchi E, Jiang P, Cartwright ANR, Olawoyin O, Mathewson ND, Pyrdol JW, Li MZ, Doench JG, Booker MA, Tolstorukov MY, Elledge SJ, Chédin F, Liu XS, Wucherpfennig KW. CARM1 Inhibition Enables Immunotherapy of Resistant Tumors by Dual Action on Tumor Cells and T Cells. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2050-2071. [PMID: 33707234 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of cancer drugs activate innate immune pathways in tumor cells but unfortunately also compromise antitumor immune function. We discovered that inhibition of CARM1, an epigenetic enzyme and cotranscriptional activator, elicited beneficial antitumor activity in both cytotoxic T cells and tumor cells. In T cells, Carm1 inactivation substantially enhanced their antitumor function and preserved memory-like populations required for sustained antitumor immunity. In tumor cells, Carm1 inactivation induced a potent type 1 interferon response that sensitized resistant tumors to cytotoxic T cells. Substantially increased numbers of dendritic cells, CD8 T cells, and natural killer cells were present in Carm1-deficient tumors, and infiltrating CD8 T cells expressed low levels of exhaustion markers. Targeting of CARM1 with a small molecule elicited potent antitumor immunity and sensitized resistant tumors to checkpoint blockade. Targeting of this cotranscriptional regulator thus offers an opportunity to enhance immune function while simultaneously sensitizing resistant tumor cells to immune attack. SIGNIFICANCE: Resistance to cancer immunotherapy remains a major challenge. Targeting of CARM1 enables immunotherapy of resistant tumors by enhancing T-cell functionality and preserving memory-like T-cell populations within tumors. CARM1 inhibition also sensitizes resistant tumor cells to immune attack by inducing a tumor cell-intrinsic type 1 interferon response.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zexian Zeng
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Archis Bagati
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rong En Tay
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lionel A Sanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Stella R Hartono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yoshinaga Ito
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fieda Abderazzaq
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elodie Hatchi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adam N R Cartwright
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olamide Olawoyin
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nathan D Mathewson
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason W Pyrdol
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew A Booker
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Y Tolstorukov
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frédéric Chédin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Jiao JL, Zhang HP, Huang Q, Wang W, Sinclair R, Wang G, Ren Q, Lin GT, Huq A, Zhou HD, Li MZ, Ma J. Orbital competition of Mn 3+ and V 3+ ions in Mn 1+x V 2-x O 4. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:134002. [PMID: 33527912 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abd9a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structural and magnetic properties of Mn1+x V2-x O4 (0 < x ⩽ 1) have been investigated by the heat capacity, magnetization, x-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction measurements, and a phase diagram of temperature versus composition was built up. For x ⩽ 0.3, a cubic-to-tetragonal (c > a) phase transition was observed. For x > 0.3, the system maintained the tetragonal lattice. Although the collinear and noncollinear magnetic transitions of V3+ ions were obtained in all compositions, the canting angles between the V3+ ions decreased with Mn3+-doping, and the ordering of the Mn3+ ions was only observed as x > 0.4. In order to study the dynamics of the ground state, the first principles simulation was applied to analyze not only the orbital effects of Mn2+, Mn3+, and V3+ ions, but also the related exchange energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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17
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Morgenlander W, Henson S, Monaco D, Chen A, Littlefield K, Bloch EM, Fujimura E, Ruczinski I, Crowley AR, Natarajan H, Butler SE, Weiner JA, Li MZ, Bonny TS, Benner SE, Ashwin Balagopal, Sullivan D, Shoham S, Quinn TC, Eshleman S, Casadevall A, Redd AD, Laeyendecker O, Ackerman ME, Pekosz A, Elledge SJ, Robinson M, Tobian AAR, Larman HB. Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses modulate COVID-19 convalescent plasma functionality. medRxiv 2020:2020.12.16.20248294. [PMID: 33354688 PMCID: PMC7755150 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.16.20248294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 convalescent plasma, particularly plasma with high-titer SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) antibodies, has been successfully used for treatment of COVID-19. The functionality of convalescent plasma varies greatly, but the association of antibody epitope specificities with plasma functionality remains uncharacterized. We assessed antibody functionality and reactivities to peptides across the CoV2 and the four endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) genomes in 126 COVID-19 convalescent plasma donations. We found strong correlation between plasma functionality and polyclonal antibody targeting of CoV2 spike protein peptides. Antibody reactivity to many HCoV spike peptides also displayed strong correlation with plasma functionality, including pan-coronavirus cross-reactive epitopes located in a conserved region of the fusion peptide. After accounting for antibody cross-reactivity, we identified an association between greater alphacoronavirus NL63 antibody responses and development of highly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. We also found that plasma preferentially reactive to the CoV2 receptor binding domain (RBD), versus the betacoronavirus HKU1 RBD, had higher neutralizing titer. Finally, we developed a two-peptide serosignature that identifies plasma donations with high anti-S titer but that suffer from low neutralizing activity. These results suggest that analysis of coronavirus antibody fine specificities may be useful for selecting therapeutic plasma with desired functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Morgenlander
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Henson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Monaco
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Athena Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Littlefield
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Fujimura
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew R Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Harini Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Savannah E Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tania S Bonny
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Benner
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Sullivan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shmuel Shoham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Eshleman
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Benjamin Larman
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shrock E, Fujimura E, Kula T, Timms RT, Lee IH, Leng Y, Robinson ML, Sie BM, Li MZ, Chen Y, Logue J, Zuiani A, McCulloch D, Lelis FJN, Henson S, Monaco DR, Travers M, Habibi S, Clarke WA, Caturegli P, Laeyendecker O, Piechocka-Trocha A, Li JZ, Khatri A, Chu HY, Villani AC, Kays K, Goldberg MB, Hacohen N, Filbin MR, Yu XG, Walker BD, Wesemann DR, Larman HB, Lederer JA, Elledge SJ. Viral epitope profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals cross-reactivity and correlates of severity. Science 2020; 370:science.abd4250. [PMID: 32994364 PMCID: PMC7857405 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding humoral responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for improving diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Deep serological profiling of 232 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 190 pre-COVID-19 era controls using VirScan revealed more than 800 epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, including 10 epitopes likely recognized by neutralizing antibodies. Preexisting antibodies in controls recognized SARS-CoV-2 ORF1, whereas only COVID-19 patient antibodies primarily recognized spike protein and nucleoprotein. A machine learning model trained on VirScan data predicted SARS-CoV-2 exposure history with 99% sensitivity and 98% specificity; a rapid Luminex-based diagnostic was developed from the most discriminatory SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Individuals with more severe COVID-19 exhibited stronger and broader SARS-CoV-2 responses, weaker antibody responses to prior infections, and higher incidence of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus 1, possibly influenced by demographic covariates. Among hospitalized patients, males produce stronger SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Shrock
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Fujimura
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tomasz Kula
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard T. Timms
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Hsiu Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew L. Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon M. Sie
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mamie Z. Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuezhou Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Zuiani
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denise McCulloch
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Felipe J. N. Lelis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Henson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R. Monaco
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meghan Travers
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Habibi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William A. Clarke
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alicja Piechocka-Trocha
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Endocrine Unit and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Kays
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R. Filbin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu G. Yu
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Congella, South Africa
| | - Duane R. Wesemann
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H. Benjamin Larman
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James A. Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA.,Corresponding author.
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19
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Zhan YJ, Zhang LX, Sun MT, Li XM, Wang Y, Li MZ, Tao DD, Sun ET. [DNA barcoding of 4 species of cheyletid mites based on COI and 18S rRNA gene sequences]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 33:66-70. [PMID: 33660477 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (COI) and 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA), so as to identify the feasible DNA barcodes for 4 species of cheyletid mites and improve the DNA barcoding database for cheyletid mites. METHODS Cheyletid mite samples were collected from small-scale flour mills in Fuyang, Wuhu and Tongling cities of Anhui Province from May 2018 to July 2019, extracted and morphologically identified. Then, genomic DNA was extracted from a single cheyletid mite, and the COI and 18S rRNA gene sequences were obtained by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing. The obtained sequences were aligned using the BLAST software. Multiple sequence alignment was done using the software ClustalX version 1.83 using the known gene sequences from cheyletid mites. The genetic distance was calculated using the software MEGA X, and the phylogenetic tree was created using the maximum likelihood method. RESULTS The DNA barcoding results of Cheyletus malaccensis, C. carnifex and Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum were consistent with the morphological identification, while no sequences pertaining to Eucheyletia reticulate were retrieved in the GenBank database. The proportions of A + T were 69.6% and 55.1% in the COI and 18S rRNA sequences of 4 cheyletid mites species, respectively, and the numbers of base substitutions were 137 and 46, respectively. There were 154 to 321 and 58 to 99 inter-species variation loci in the COI and 18S rRNA gene sequences of 4 cheyletid mites species, respectively, and the intra-species genetic distance was all 0.020 or less in the COI and 18S rRNA gene sequences of 4 cheyletid mites species, with inter-species genetic distance of 0.235 to 0.583 and 0.078 to 0.114, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on COI and 18S rRNA genes showed that all four species of cheyletid mites were clustered into a branch with a 100% supportive rate, which was consistent with the morphological identification. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial COI gene is superior to 18S rRNA gene as DNA barcodes for 4 species of cheyletid mites, which is more suitable to be used to investigate the phylogenetic relationship of at genus and species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Zhan
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - M T Sun
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - X M Li
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - D D Tao
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - E T Sun
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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20
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Ma ZY, Han JL, Li MZ. [Preeclampsia and mitral chordea tendinae rupture in case of twin pregnancy: a case report]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020; 48:782-784. [PMID: 32957763 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20191021-00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Ma
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - J L Han
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - M Z Li
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing 100191, China
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21
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Li XY, Zhang HP, Lan S, Abernathy DL, Otomo T, Wang FW, Ren Y, Li MZ, Wang XL. Observation of High-Frequency Transverse Phonons in Metallic Glasses. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:225902. [PMID: 32567931 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.225902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using inelastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations on a model Zr-Cu-Al metallic glass, we show that transverse phonons persist well into the high-frequency regime, and can be detected at large momentum transfer. Furthermore, the apparent peak width of the transverse phonons was found to follow the static structure factor. The one-to-one correspondence, which was demonstrated for both Zr-Cu-Al metallic glass and a three-dimensional Lennard-Jones model glass, suggests a universal correlation between the phonon dynamics and the underlying disordered structure. This remarkable correlation, not found for longitudinal phonons, underscores the key role that transverse phonons hold for understanding the structure-dynamics relationship in disordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Li
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - H P Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - S Lan
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Avenue, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - D L Abernathy
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - T Otomo
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - F W Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Y Ren
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - X-L Wang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Neutron Scattering, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 8 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen 518057, China
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22
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Li MZ, Li KY, Shen J, Xie DH. [Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after complete mesocolic excision in laparoscopic radical resection of right hemicolon cancer and analysis on its influencing factors]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 23:51-55. [PMID: 31958931 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0274.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification of complications after complete mesocolic excision (CME) in laparoscopic radical resection of right-sided hemicolon cancer and its influencing factors. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed. Inclusion criteria: (1) the adenocarcinoma located at colon from cecum to hepatic flexure; (2) laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with CME was completed. Exclusion criteria: (1) patients had severe organ dysfunction before operation; (2) tumor invaded adjacent organs or developed distant organ metastasis; (3) emergency surgery; (4) failure of laparoscopic surgery, and conversion to laparotomy; (5) without complete clinical data. Finally, clinical data of 141 patients in our hospital form March 2015 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. CD grading standard was used to evaluate postoperative complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyse were used to analyze the factors that might affect the complications. Survival analysis was conducted by grouping the indicators with statistically significant difference in multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve and log-rank test was used to analyze the difference. Results: Of the 141 patients, 89 were male and 52 were female with mean age of (61.8±11.0) years. All the operations completed successfully. A total of 37 postoperative complications were developed in 26 (18.4%) patients had postoperative 37 cases of complications, mainly including 7 delayed incision healing, 6 diarrhea, and 5 respiratory dysfunction. According to CD classification standard, grade I, II, and IV a complication rates were 40.5% (15/37), 56.8% (21/37), and 2.7% (1/37) respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years (χ(2)=4.338, P=0.037), BMI ≥ 28 kg/m(2) (χ(2)=5.971, P=0.015), and preoperative hemoglobin < 100 g/L (χ(2)=3.985, P=0.046) were risk factors of postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis testified that age ≥ 65 years (OR=7.991, 95%CI: 2.203 to 28.983, P=0.002) and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m(2) (OR=4.231, 95%CI: 1.034 to 17.322, P=0.045) were independent risk factors for complications after laparoscopic CME surgery for right-sided hemicolon cancer. All the patients were followed up for median time of 24 (1-48) months. The log-rank test showed that there were no significant differences in the cumulative survival rate between patients of age < 65 years and age ≥ 65 years (χ(2)=0.986, P=0.321), and between those with BMI < 28 kg/m(2) and BMI ≥ 28 kg/m(2) (χ(2)=0.370, P=0.543). Conclusions: The main complications after CME in laparoscopic radical resection of right hemicolon cancer are CD grade I and II. Elderly and obesity are independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Before the operation, reasonable preventive measures should be taken for the elderly and the obese in order to reduce postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - K Y Li
- Class 2 Grade 2015, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| | - J Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - D H Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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23
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Kong W, Hayashi T, Fiches G, Xu Q, Li MZ, Que J, Liu S, Zhang W, Qi J, Santoso N, Elledge SJ, Zhu J. Diversified Application of Barcoded PLATO (PLATO-BC) Platform for Identification of Protein Interactions. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2019; 17:319-331. [PMID: 31494268 PMCID: PMC6818353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteins usually associate with other molecules physically to execute their functions. Identifying these interactions is important for the functional analysis of proteins. Previously, we reported the parallel analysis of translated ORFs (PLATO) to couple ribosome display of full-length ORFs with affinity enrichment of mRNA/protein/ribosome complexes for the "bait" molecules, followed by the deep sequencing analysis of mRNA. However, the sample processing, from extraction of precipitated mRNA to generation of DNA libraries, includes numerous steps, which is tedious and may cause the loss of materials. Barcoded PLATO (PLATO-BC), an improved platform was further developed to test its application for protein interaction discovery. In this report, we tested the antisera-antigen interaction using serum samples from patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM). Tripartite motif containing 21 (TRIM21) was identified as a potentially new IBM autoantigen. We also expanded the application of PLATO-BC to identify protein interactions for JQ1, single ubiquitin peptide, and NS5 protein of Zika virus. From PLATO-BC analyses, we identified new protein interactions for these "bait" molecules. We demonstrate that Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) binds to JQ1 and their interactions may interrupt the EWSR1 association with acetylated histone H4. RIO kinase 3 (RIOK3), a newly identified ubiquitin-binding protein, is preferentially associated with K63-ubiquitin chain. We also find that Zika NS5 protein interacts with two previously unreported host proteins, par-3 family cell polarity regulator (PARD3) and chromosome 19 open reading frame 53 (C19orf53), whose attenuated expression benefits the replication of Zika virus. These results further demonstrate that PLATO-BC is capable of identifying novel protein interactions for various types of "bait" molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Guillaume Fiches
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Netty Santoso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Wang X, Xia B, Wang CY, Li MZ, Xu W, Yuan T, Tian C, Zhao HF, Yang HL, Zhao ZG, Wang XF, Wang YF, Yu Y, Zhang YZ. [A comparative study of induction chemotherapy with or without autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of newly diagnosed young medium/high risk diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:117-124. [PMID: 30831626 PMCID: PMC7342668 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy of induction chemotherapy with or without autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) for newly diagnosed young diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Methods: The retrospective study was performed in 90 cases of young patients (≤60 years) with newly diagnosed DLBCL and an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aa-IPI) score of 2 or 3. All of them were treated with R-CHOP (32 cases, rituximab combined with CHOP), dose-intensive regimens (DA-EPOCH, Hyper CVAD/MA or ESHAP) combined with or without rituximab (25 cases), and consolidated with up-front auto-HSCT (33 cases), respectively. The efficacy and the potential predictors were evaluated. Results: ①The median age of 90 patients was 43 (18-60) years old. The median follow-up time was 42 (3-110) months. ②The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) for R-CHOP group, dose-intensive chemotherapy group and auto-HSCT group were (33.5±10.7) %, (55.3±10.1) % and (65.8±13.6) % (P=0.012), the 5-year overall survival (OS) were (49.7±9.0) %, (61.6±10.2) % and (78.6±7.8) % (P=0.035), respectively. There was no significant difference in 5-years PFS and OS between the R-CHOP group and dose-intensive chemotherapy group (P=0.519, P=0.437) compared with that of the dose-intensive chemotherapy group, auto-HSCT group has higher 5-year PFS (P=0.042). ③ When stratified with IPI score, the high-risk group treated with auto-HSCT (26 cases) showed similar 5-years PFS and 5-years OS to those in the low-risk group with chemotherapy alone (12 cases were in R-CHOP group and 8 cases were in dose-intensive chemotherapy group) [5-years PFS were (62.3 ±14.3)%, (58.3 ±18.6)% and (51.4±18.7)%, respectively, P=0.686; 5-years OS were (69.2±13.9)%, (62.5±15.5)% and (58.3±18.6)%, respectively, P=0.592]. ④However, the high-risk group treated with auto-HSCT (26 cases) showed superior 5-years PFS (P=0.002) and 5-years OS (P=0.019) compared to the high-risk group with chemotherapy alone (20 cases were in R-CHOP group and 17 cases were in dose-intensive chemotherapy group) [5-years PFS were (62.3±14.3)%, (41.1±13.5)% and (21.9±11.6)%, respectively; 5-years OS were (69.2±13.9)%, (51.5%±14.0)% and (35.4±13.6)%, respectively]. ⑤In the univariate analysis, as a whole, patients diagnosed with GCB subtype had higher 3-years PFS (P=0.022) and 3-years OS (P=0.037) compared to non-GCB subtype patients; in subgroup analysis, patients diagnosed with GCB subtype had higher 3-years PFS and 3-years OS compared to non-GCB subtype both in R-CHOP group (P=0.030, P=0.041) and dose-intensive chemotherapy group (P=0.044, P=0.047), but not in auto-HSCT group (P=0.199, P=0.093). ⑥In the multivariate analysis, different molecular classification (GCB/non-GCB) was an independent predictor for PFS and OS both in R-CHOP group [HR=0.274 (95% CI 0.094-0.800), P=0.018; HR=0.408 (95% CI 0.164-1.015), P=0.045] and dose-intensive chemotherapy group [HR=0.423 (95% CI 0.043-1.152), P=0.048; HR=5.758 (95% CI 0.882-6.592), P=0.035]. However, there was no significant difference in PFS and OS for auto-HSCT group between GCB/non-GCB patients. Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy followed by up-front auto-HSCT has significant effect on efficacy for young and untreated patients with high risk DLBCL. Combined with induction chemotherapy followed by up-front auto-HSCT could improve the prognosis of non-GCB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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Li MZ, Wang XX, Li ZL, Yi B, Liang C, He W. [Accuracy analysis of computer assisted navigation for condylectomy via intraoral approach]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 51:182-186. [PMID: 30773565 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the application accuracy of virtual preoperative plan after the condylectomy via intraoral approach under computer assisted surgical navigation, and to analyze the location and cause of the surgical deviation to provide reference for the surgical procedure improvement in the future. METHODS In the study, 23 cases with condylar hypertrophy (11 with condylar osteochondroma and 12 with condylar benign hypertrophy) in Department of Oral and Maxilloficial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Atomatology from December 2012 to December 2016 were treated by condylectomy via intraoral approach under computer assisted surgical navigation. The patient's spiral CT data were imported into ProPlan software before operation, and the affected mandibular ramus was reconstructed three-dimensionally. The condylar osteotomy line was designed according to the lesion range, and the preoperative design model was generated and introduced into the BrainLab navigation system. Under the guidance of computer navigation, the intraoral approach was used to complete the condylar resection according to the preoperative design of the osteotomy line. Cranial spiral CT of the craniofacial region was taken within one week after operation. three-dimensional reconstruction of the mandibular ramus at the condylectomy side was performed, and the condylar section was divided into six segments (anterolateral, anterior, anteromedial, posteromedial, posterior, and posterolateral) and the corresponding regional measurement points P1 to P6 were defined. Then the preoperative virtual model and the postoperative actual model were matched by Geomagic studio 12.0 to compare the differences and to analyze the accuracy of the operation. RESULTS All the patients had successfully accomplished the operation and obtained satisfactory results. Postoperative CT showed that the condyle lesion was completely resected, and the condylar osteotomy line was basically consistent with the surgical design. No tumor recurrence or temporomandibular joint ankylosis during the follow-up period. The postoperative accuracy analysis of the condylar resection showed that the confidence intervals measured by the six groups of P1 to P6 were (-2.26 mm, -1.89 mm), (-2.30 mm, -1.45 mm), (-3.37 mm, -2.91 mm), (-2.83 mm, -1.75 mm), (-1.13 mm, 0.99 mm), and(-1.17 mm, 0.17 mm), where P3 group was different from the other 5 groups. There was no significant difference between the P5 and P6 groups and the difference between the other four groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Under the guidance of computer navigation, the intraoral approach can be performed more accurately. The surgical deviation of each part of the osteotomy surface is mainly due to excessive resection. The anterior medial area of the anterior medial condyle represents the most excessive resection. The posterior and posterior lateral measurement points represent the posterior condylar area. The average deviation is not large, but the fluctuation of the deviation value is larger than that of the other four groups. The accuracy of computer-assisted subtotal resection has yet to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Li
- Department of Oral and Maxilloficial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - X X Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxilloficial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Z L Li
- Department of Oral and Maxilloficial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - B Yi
- Department of Oral and Maxilloficial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - C Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxilloficial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - W He
- Department of Oral and Maxilloficial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhang HP, Wang FR, Li MZ. Contrasting Bonding-Interaction-Induced Distinct Relaxation in La 65Ni 35 and La 65Al 35 Glass-Forming Alloys. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1149-1155. [PMID: 30624933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The α and β relaxations are two fundamental processes in glass-forming materials, and quite important for many of the properties. Although intensive studies have found that α and β relaxations can be tuned by changing the constituent elements, the underlying structural basis is still elusive. Here, we explored the effect of two key elements of Al and Ni on distinct β and α relaxations in La65Al35 and La65Ni35 glass-forming alloys via classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with dynamical mechanical spectroscopy. Unexpected coupling of relaxation in both β and α relaxation time scales is observed for La and Al atoms in the La65Al35 system, which drastically suppresses the relaxation dynamics. It is revealed that the dynamic coupling of La and Al results from the covalent-like bonding interaction between Al atoms, which connect Al together, forming a network-like structure. The bonding network not only drastically slows down the dynamics of Al but also couples the motion of La and Al together. This finding elucidates the underlying basis of Al and Ni elements for distinct β and α relaxation and sheds light on tuning the formation and properties of metallic glasses by minor alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - F R Wang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
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Yang DL, Gan ML, Tan Y, Ge GH, Li Q, Jiang YZ, Tang GQ, Li MZ, Wang JY, Li XW, Zhang SH, Zhu L. [MiR-222-3р Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts by Targeting BTG2]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2019; 53:44-52. [PMID: 30895952 DOI: 10.1134/s002689841901018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MiR-222-3р has been implicated in tumor cell proliferation and has an important role in the differentiation and maturation of myogenic cells. However, its role in skeletal myoblast proliferation is still unclear. In this study, we found that miR-222-3р expression increases initially and then decreases during C2C12 myoblast proliferation. Using synthetic miRNA mimics and inhibitors in gain- or loss-of-function experiments, we snowed that miR-222-3р overexpression in C2C12 cells promotes myoblast proliferation and represses myofiber formation, while miR-222-3р downregulation has the opposite effect. Using a prediction program, BTG2 was identified as a possible target gene of miR-222-3р. During myogenesis, miR-222-3р mimics repress BTG2 expression, while miR-222-3р inhibitors promote BTG2 expression. Using dual-luciferase reporter assay, we further demonstrated that miR-222-3р specifically targets BTG2. Additionally, we show that siRNA-mediated downregulation of BTG2 expression in C2C12 myoblasts promotes the proliferation and suppresses differentiation. In conclusion, we provide a novel insight into the mechanism by which miR-222-3р regulates the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by targeting BTG2. This information contributes to our understanding of the role of miRNAs in skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Yang
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - M L Gan
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Y Tan
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - G H Ge
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Q Li
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Y Z Jiang
- College of Life and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - G Q Tang
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - M Z Li
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - J Y Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460 China
| | - X W Li
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - S H Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - L Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetics Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Koren I, Timms RT, Kula T, Xu Q, Li MZ, Elledge SJ. The Eukaryotic Proteome Is Shaped by E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Targeting C-Terminal Degrons. Cell 2018; 173:1622-1635.e14. [PMID: 29779948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Degrons are minimal elements that mediate the interaction of proteins with degradation machineries to promote proteolysis. Despite their central role in proteostasis, the number of known degrons remains small, and a facile technology to characterize them is lacking. Using a strategy combining global protein stability (GPS) profiling with a synthetic human peptidome, we identify thousands of peptides containing degron activity. Employing CRISPR screening, we establish that the stability of many proteins is regulated through degrons located at their C terminus. We characterize eight Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex adaptors that regulate C-terminal degrons, including six CRL2 and two CRL4 complexes, and computationally implicate multiple non-CRLs in end recognition. Proteome analysis revealed that the C termini of eukaryotic proteins are depleted for C-terminal degrons, suggesting an E3-ligase-dependent modulation of proteome composition. Thus, we propose that a series of "C-end rules" operate to govern protein stability and shape the eukaryotic proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Koren
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Timms
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tomasz Kula
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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29
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Sack LM, Davoli T, Li MZ, Li Y, Xu Q, Naxerova K, Wooten EC, Bernardi RJ, Martin TD, Chen T, Leng Y, Liang AC, Scorsone KA, Westbrook TF, Wong KK, Elledge SJ. Profound Tissue Specificity in Proliferation Control Underlies Cancer Drivers and Aneuploidy Patterns. Cell 2018; 173:499-514.e23. [PMID: 29576454 PMCID: PMC6643283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomics has provided a detailed structural description of the cancer genome. Identifying oncogenic drivers that work primarily through dosage changes is a current challenge. Unrestrained proliferation is a critical hallmark of cancer. We constructed modular, barcoded libraries of human open reading frames (ORFs) and performed screens for proliferation regulators in multiple cell types. Approximately 10% of genes regulate proliferation, with most performing in an unexpectedly highly tissue-specific manner. Proliferation drivers in a given cell type showed specific enrichment in somatic copy number changes (SCNAs) from cognate tumors and helped predict aneuploidy patterns in those tumors, implying that tissue-type-specific genetic network architectures underlie SCNA and driver selection in different cancers. In vivo screening confirmed these results. We report a substantial contribution to the catalog of SCNA-associated cancer drivers, identifying 147 amplified and 107 deleted genes as potential drivers, and derive insights about the genetic network architecture of aneuploidy in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Magill Sack
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teresa Davoli
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuyang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qikai Xu
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kamila Naxerova
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric C Wooten
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ronald J Bernardi
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy D Martin
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony C Liang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen A Scorsone
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Martin TD, Cook DR, Choi MY, Li MZ, Haigis KM, Elledge SJ. A Role for Mitochondrial Translation in Promotion of Viability in K-Ras Mutant Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 20:427-438. [PMID: 28700943 PMCID: PMC5553568 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the KRAS oncogene are highly prevalent in tumors, especially those of the colon, lung, and pancreas. To better understand the genetic dependencies that K-Ras mutant cells rely upon for their growth, we employed whole-genome CRISPR loss-of-function screens in two isogenic pairs of cell lines. Since loss of essential genes is uniformly toxic in CRISPR-based screens, we also developed a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) library targeting essential genes. These approaches uncovered a large set of proteins whose loss results in the selective reduction of K-Ras mutant cell growth. Pathway analysis revealed that many of these genes function in the mitochondria. For validation, we generated isogenic pairs of cell lines using CRISPR-based genome engineering, which confirmed the dependency of K-Ras mutant cells on these mitochondrial pathways. Finally, we found that mitochondrial inhibitors reduce the growth of K-Ras mutant tumors in vivo, aiding in the advancement of strategies to target K-Ras-driven malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Martin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle R Cook
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mei Yuk Choi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Abstract
The metallic glasses (MGs) are conjectured to be heterogeneous—their microscopic structures are embedded with localized, soft and loosely packed atomic regions, which are termed as flow units (FUs). Detailed knowledges on the structure and dynamical features of FUs are essential for understanding the plasticity of MGs. In our study, by performing dynamical tests on MGs in molecular dynamics simulations, we show that mechanical hysteretic loops are formed in the strain-stress curves due to the undergoing plastic events. By analyzing the activated times of each atom in different dynamical tests, we map the exact locations of FUs and the distribution of their activation probability in the initial structure of MGs. More importantly, we demonstrate that the FUs are indeed liquid-like according to the Lindemann criterion of melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Liu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, LTCS, and CAPT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - F X Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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32
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Abstract
The prediction of the glass-forming ability (GFA) by varying the composition of alloys is a challenging problem in glass physics, as well as a problem for industry, with enormous financial ramifications. Although different empirical guides for the prediction of GFA were established over decades, a comprehensive model or approach that is able to deal with as many variables as possible simultaneously for efficiently predicting good glass formers is still highly desirable. Here, by applying the support vector classification method, we develop models for predicting the GFA of binary metallic alloys from random compositions. The effect of different input descriptors on GFA were evaluated, and the best prediction model was selected, which shows that the information related to liquidus temperatures plays a key role in the GFA of alloys. On the basis of this model, good glass formers can be predicted with high efficiency. The prediction efficiency can be further enhanced by improving larger database and refined input descriptor selection. Our findings suggest that machine learning is very powerful and efficient and has great potential for discovering new metallic glasses with good GFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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33
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Davoli T, Mengwasser KE, Duan J, Chen T, Christensen C, Wooten EC, Anselmo AN, Li MZ, Wong KK, Kahle KT, Elledge SJ. Functional genomics reveals that tumors with activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase mutations are dependent on accelerated protein turnover. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2684-2695. [PMID: 28087713 PMCID: PMC5238728 DOI: 10.1101/gad.290122.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Davoli et al. identified ribosomal protein translation and proteasomal protein degradation as critical nononcogene dependencies for PI3K-driven tumors. Their results suggest that disruption of protein turnover homeostasis via ribosome or proteasome inhibition may be a novel treatment strategy for PI3K mutant human tumors. Activating mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway are frequently identified in cancer. To identify pathways that support PI3K oncogenesis, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen in isogenic cell lines harboring wild-type or mutant PIK3CA to search for PI3K synthetic-lethal (SL) genes. A combined analysis of these results with a meta-analysis of two other large-scale RNAi screening data sets in PI3K mutant cancer cell lines converged on ribosomal protein translation and proteasomal protein degradation as critical nononcogene dependencies for PI3K-driven tumors. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of either pathway alone, but not together, selectively killed PI3K mutant tumor cells in an mTOR-dependent manner. The expression of ribosomal and proteasomal components was significantly up-regulated in primary human colorectal tumors harboring PI3K pathway activation. Importantly, a PI3K SL gene signature containing the top hits of the SL genes identified in our meta-analysis robustly predicted overall patient survival in colorectal cancer, especially among patients with tumors with an activated PI3K pathway. These results suggest that disruption of protein turnover homeostasis via ribosome or proteasome inhibition may be a novel treatment strategy for PI3K mutant human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Davoli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kristen E Mengwasser
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Camilla Christensen
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Eric C Wooten
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anthony N Anselmo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Liu Y, Guo GL, Ouyang WB, Li MZ, Pan XB. [Feasibility and effectiveness of percutaneous ventricular septal defect closure under solely guidance of echocardiography]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:1222-1226. [PMID: 28441849 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.16.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure under solely guidance of echocardiography and fluoroscopy. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at Fuwai Hospital, between February 2014 and February 2015. The patients were divided into two groups. VSD closure was conducted in 42 patients under solely guidance of echocardiography, and 100 patients who were treated with percutaneous catheter closure under fluoroscopy guidance were selected as a control group. The baseline characteristics, procedural time and complications were recorded and assessed. Results: There were no significant differences in terms of age, gender and pre-operative echocardiographic characteristics (all P>0.05). Percutaneous VSD closure under traditional fluoroscopy guidance was successful in 95 patients (95%). The procedural time was (54.7±12.5) minutes. The symmetrical occluders diameter was (6.9±1.8) mm. Four patients had postoperative residual shunt, one patient developed left bundle branch block, and 6 patients developed new tricuspid regurgitation. Percutaneous VSD closure under only transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance was successful in 39 patients (93%). Because of delivery catheter passage failure through the defect, one case required conversion to perventricular closure via a small transthoracic incision under transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance. The other two cases underwent surgical repair because of residual shunt with more than 2 mm after closure. The procedural time was (40.3±13.2) minutes. The symmetrical occluders diameter was (6.5±1.2) mm. Four patients had postoperative residual shunt that disappeared after 1 month follow-up, and one patient developed right bundle branch block which disappeared 3 days later. During (9.3±3.6) months follow-up, there were no other complications, such as pericardial effusion, occluder malposition, atrioventricular block, aortic valve regurgitation, and aggravating tricuspid regurgitation in each group. However, the total operation time, diameter of VSD occluder, total mild complications, and the equipment cost in the study group were less than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Percutaneous VSD closure can be successfully performed under sole guidance of echocardiography with outcomes similar to those achieved with fluoroscopy guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
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Liu Y, Hu HB, Li MZ. [Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in a pregnant woman under echocardiographic guidance]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2017; 45:329-330. [PMID: 28545286 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang M, Wang YM, Li FX, Jiang SQ, Li MZ, Liu L. Mechanical Relaxation-to-Rejuvenation Transition in a Zr-based Bulk Metallic Glass. Sci Rep 2017; 7:625. [PMID: 28377604 PMCID: PMC5429611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation of amorphous materials, i.e., aging, would largely endanger their performances in service. Here we report a mechanical relaxation-to-rejuvenation transition of a Zr35Ti30Be27.5Cu7.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) in elastostatic compression at ambient temperature, thus provide an accessible way to tailor the mechanical properties of amorphous materials. To unravel the structural evolution underlying the observed transition, atomistic simulations parallel with the experimental tests on a typical model glass system Zr60Cu40 were performed, which successfully reproduced and thus upheld the experimentally observed mechanical relaxation-to-rejuvenation transition. The variations of coordination number and atomic volume during the transition are evaluated to indicate a de-mixing tendency of the constituent atoms in the rejuvenation stage. This de-mixing tendency largely explains the difference between mechanical rejuvenation and thermal rejuvenation and reveals a competitive relationship between activation enthalpy and activation entropy in the stress-driven temperature-assisted atomic dynamics of BMG, such as diffusion and plastic deformation etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Y M Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - F X Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - L Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Zhang YD, Qu H, Du YF, Xie DH, Li MZ, Shen J. [Clinical possibility of low ligation of inferior mesenteric artery and lymph nodes dissection in laparoscopic low anterior resection]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 96:1916-8. [PMID: 27373360 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.24.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical possibility of low ligation of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and lymph nodes dissection in laparoscopic low anterior resection. METHODS Data was collected retrospectively from 216 patients who underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection in our hospital from June 2011 to January 2015.Patients were divided into control group (132 cases) and observation group (84 cases). The observation group was treated with low ligation of IMA and lymph nodes dissection, and the control group was cured by high ligation of IMA and lymph nodes dissection. We analyzed the operation time, the number of lymph nodes dissection, the number of lymph nodes removed around the root of IMA, the rate of lymph node metastasis around the root of IMA, the incidence of anastomotic leakage and the ventilation time after the operation. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two group in the pre-operative data, operation time, the number of lymph nodes dissection the number of lymph nodes removed around the root of IMA, the rate of lymph node metastasis around the root of IMA and the incidence of anastomotic leakage (P>0.05). The observation group were significantly better than the control group the in the ventilation time after the operation (P<0.05). The follow up time was 12 to 67 months. The median follow up time was 37 months. One patient in observation group died of cardiovascular disease. One patient in control group died of metastatic carcinoma. CONCLUSION Detection of low ligation of inferior mesenteric artery and lymph nodes dissection in laparoscopic low anterior resection is safe and practicable, which should be widely applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Liao S, Davoli T, Leng Y, Li MZ, Xu Q, Elledge SJ. A genetic interaction analysis identifies cancer drivers that modify EGFR dependency. Genes Dev 2017; 31:184-196. [PMID: 28167502 PMCID: PMC5322732 DOI: 10.1101/gad.291948.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Liao et al. comprehensively investigated how cancer drivers genetically interact. They searched for modifiers of EGFR dependency by performing CRISPR, shRNA, and expression screens in a NSCLC model, and their data provide strong support for the hypothesis that many cancer drivers can substitute for each other in certain contexts. A large number of cancer drivers have been identified through tumor sequencing efforts, but how they interact and the degree to which they can substitute for each other have not been systematically explored. To comprehensively investigate how cancer drivers genetically interact, we searched for modifiers of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dependency by performing CRISPR, shRNA, and expression screens in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) model. We elucidated a broad spectrum of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes (OGs) that can genetically modify proliferation and survival of cancer cells when EGFR signaling is altered. These include genes already known to mediate EGFR inhibitor resistance as well as many TSGs not previously connected to EGFR and whose biological functions in tumorigenesis are not well understood. We show that mutation of PBRM1, a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, attenuates the effects of EGFR inhibition in part by sustaining AKT signaling. We also show that mutation of Capicua (CIC), a transcriptional repressor, suppresses the effects of EGFR inhibition by partially restoring the EGFR-promoted gene expression program, including the sustained expression of Ets transcription factors such as ETV1. Together, our data provide strong support for the hypothesis that many cancer drivers can substitute for each other in certain contexts and broaden our understanding of EGFR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Liao
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Teresa Davoli
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Sun YT, Wang JQ, Li YZ, Bai HY, Li MZ, Wang WH. Effects of atomic interaction stiffness on low-temperature relaxation of amorphous solids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26643-26650. [PMID: 27711442 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While low-temperature relaxations show significant differences among metallic glasses with different compositions, the underlying mechanism remains mysterious. Using molecular dynamics simulation, low-temperature relaxation of amorphous solids is investigated in model systems with different atomic interaction stiffness. It was found that as the interaction stiffness increases, the low-temperature relaxation is enhanced. The fraction of mobile atoms increases with increasing interaction stiffness, while the length scale of dynamical heterogeneity does not change. The enhanced relaxation may be due to increased dynamical heterogeneity. These findings provide a physical picture for better understanding the origin of low-temperature relaxation dynamics in amorphous solids, and the experimentally observed different β-relaxation behaviors in various metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - J Q Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang 315201, P. R. China
| | - Y Z Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China.
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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Abstract
DNA methylation is an important component of the epigenetic machinery and plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation. It mostly occurs in CpG abundant regions, known as CpG islands (CGIs). G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) functions as an omega-3 fatty acid receptor and is involved in multiple-biological processes, including lipogenesis. Herein, we show that GPR120 is highly expressed in porcine mature adipose tissue and is positively associated with adipose tissue development (r = 0.86, P < 0.01). We also predicted 5 CGIs across the GPR120 genomic sequence and investigated their methylation status using the MassArray approach. Our results show that these CGIs exhibit significantly different methylation states (P(CGI) < 0.01), and that the DNA methylation of GPR120 5ꞌ-untranslated and first exon regions can negatively regulate its expression levels. This study will aid further investigations on the epigenetic mechanism regulating GPR120 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - J D Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - L Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - T D Che
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - M Z Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - X W Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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Shen LY, Luo J, Lei HG, Jiang YZ, Bai L, Li MZ, Tang GQ, Li XW, Zhang SH, Zhu L. Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:14366-78. [PMID: 26600496 DOI: 10.4238/2015.november.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. The muscles were classified into three clusters, based on MyHC composition: masseter, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi as 'slow-oxidative-type'; psoas major and semimembranosus as 'intermediate-type'; and longissimus dorsi, obliquus externus abdominis, and semitendinosus as 'fast-glycolytic-type'. The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). Mitochondrial content increased in the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type. In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. Mitochondrial content was significantly positively correlated with MyHC I content, but negatively correlated with MyHC IIb content. MyHC I and mitochondrial content were both negatively correlated with glycolytic potential. Overall, muscles used frequently in exercise had a higher proportion of type I fibers. 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - H G Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Z Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Z Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - G Q Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - X W Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - S H Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Kang C, Xu Q, Martin TD, Li MZ, Demaria M, Aron L, Lu T, Yankner BA, Campisi J, Elledge SJ. The DNA damage response induces inflammation and senescence by inhibiting autophagy of GATA4. Science 2015; 349:aaa5612. [PMID: 26404840 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a terminal stress-activated program controlled by the p53 and p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor proteins. A striking feature of senescence is the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a pro-inflammatory response linked to tumor promotion and aging. We have identified the transcription factor GATA4 as a senescence and SASP regulator. GATA4 is stabilized in cells undergoing senescence and is required for the SASP. Normally, GATA4 is degraded by p62-mediated selective autophagy, but this regulation is suppressed during senescence, thereby stabilizing GATA4. GATA4 in turn activates the transcription factor NF-κB to initiate the SASP and facilitate senescence. GATA4 activation depends on the DNA damage response regulators ATM and ATR, but not on p53 or p16(INK4a). GATA4 accumulates in multiple tissues, including the aging brain, and could contribute to aging and its associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhee Kang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy D Martin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Liviu Aron
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce A Yankner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Xu GJ, Kula T, Xu Q, Li MZ, Vernon SD, Ndung'u T, Ruxrungtham K, Sanchez J, Brander C, Chung RT, O'Connor KC, Walker B, Larman HB, Elledge SJ. Viral immunology. Comprehensive serological profiling of human populations using a synthetic human virome. Science 2015; 348:aaa0698. [PMID: 26045439 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human virome plays important roles in health and immunity. However, current methods for detecting viral infections and antiviral responses have limited throughput and coverage. Here, we present VirScan, a high-throughput method to comprehensively analyze antiviral antibodies using immunoprecipitation and massively parallel DNA sequencing of a bacteriophage library displaying proteome-wide peptides from all human viruses. We assayed over 10(8) antibody-peptide interactions in 569 humans across four continents, nearly doubling the number of previously established viral epitopes. We detected antibodies to an average of 10 viral species per person and 84 species in at least two individuals. Although rates of specific virus exposure were heterogeneous across populations, antibody responses targeted strongly conserved "public epitopes" for each virus, suggesting that they may elicit highly similar antibodies. VirScan is a powerful approach for studying interactions between the virome and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Xu
- Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA. Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tomasz Kula
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; and Chula-Vaccine Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Asociación Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educación, Lima, Peru
| | - Christian Brander
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kevin C O'Connor
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bruce Walker
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - H Benjamin Larman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Solve ME/CFS Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA.
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Yu GC, Tang QZ, Long KR, Che TD, Li MZ, Shuai SR. Effectiveness of microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism markers for parentage analysis in European domestic pigs. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:1362-70. [PMID: 25730075 DOI: 10.4238/2015.february.13.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Parentage analysis and individual identification are recent, promising methods that have been applied to evolutionary and ecological studies, as well as conservation management. Parental exclusion relying on polymorphic microsatellites has been used worldwide in parentage determination, while the low mutation rate and genotyping error rate of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) make them another important marker for pedigree tracing. Here, we compared the effectiveness of microsatellites and SNP markers in European pigs. We also measured and presented the minimum and optimal criteria for SNP markers to be used in paternity and identity analysis. Our findings may contribute to the development of techniques for future molecular evolution and conservation studies, as well as breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Yu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Q Z Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - K R Long
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - T D Che
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - M Z Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - S R Shuai
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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Wang FJ, Jin L, Guo YQ, Liu R, He MN, Li MZ, Li XW. Development-related expression patterns of protein-coding and miRNA genes involved in porcine muscle growth. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:9921-30. [PMID: 25501203 DOI: 10.4238/2014.november.27.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Muscle growth and development is associated with remarkable changes in protein-coding and microRNA (miRNA) gene expression. To determine the expression patterns of genes and miRNAs related to muscle growth and development, we measured the expression levels of 25 protein-coding and 16 miRNA genes in skeletal and cardiac muscles throughout 5 developmental stages by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The Short Time-Series Expression Miner (STEM) software clustering results showed that growth-related genes were downregulated at all developmental stages in both the psoas major and longissimus dorsi muscles, indicating their involvement in early developmental stages. Furthermore, genes related to muscle atrophy, such as forkhead box 1 and muscle ring finger, showed unregulated expression with increasing age, suggesting a decrease in protein synthesis during the later stages of skeletal muscle development. We found that development of the cardiac muscle was a complex process in which growth-related genes were highly expressed during embryonic development, but they did not show uniform postnatal expression patterns. Moreover, the expression level of miR-499, which enhances the expression of the β-myosin heavy chain, was significantly different in the psoas major and longissimus dorsi muscles, suggesting the involvement of miR-499 in the determination of skeletal muscle fiber types. We also performed correlation analyses of messenger RNA and miRNA expression. We found negative relationships between miR-486 and forkhead box 1, and miR-133a and serum response factor at all developmental stages, suggesting that forkhead box 1 and serum response factor are potential targets of miR-486 and miR-133a, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - L Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - R Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - M N He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - M Z Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - X W Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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Shang BS, Li MZ, Yao YG, Lu YJ, Wang WH. Evolution of atomic rearrangements in deformation in metallic glasses. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:042303. [PMID: 25375490 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomic rearrangements induced by shear stress are fundamental for understanding deformation mechanisms in metallic glasses (MGs). Using molecular dynamic simulation, the atomic rearrangements characterized by nonaffine displacements (NADs) and their spatial distribution and evolution with tensile stress in Cu50Zr50 MG were investigated. It was found that in the elastic regime the atomic rearrangements with the largest NADs are relatively homogeneous in space, but exhibit strong spatial correlation, become localized and inhomogeneous, and form large clusters as strain increases, which may facilitate the so-called shear transformation zones. Furthermore, initially they prefer to take place around Cu atoms which have more nonicosahedral configurations. As strain increases, the preference decays and disappears in the plastic regime. The atomic rearrangements with the smallest NADs are preferentially located around Cu atoms, too, but with more icosahedral or icosahedral-like atomic configurations. The preference is maintained in the whole deformation process. In contrast, the atomic rearrangements with moderate NADs distribute homogeneously, and do not show explicit preference or spatial correlation, acting as matrix during deformation. Among the atomic rearrangements with different NADs, those with largest and smallest NADs are nearest neighbors initially, but separating with increasing strain, while those with largest and moderate NADs always avoid to each other. The correlations in the fluctuations of the NADs confirm the long-range strain correlation and the scale-free characteristic of NADs in both elastic and plastic deformation, which suggests a universality of the scaling in the plastic flow in MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Y G Yao
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Y J Lu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Davoli T, Solimini NL, Pavlova NN, Xu Q, Mengwasser K, Sack LM, Liang AC, Schlabach MR, Luo J, Burrows AE, Anselmo AN, Li MZ, Elledge SJ. Abstract IA28: Haploinsufficiency in cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.fbcr13-ia28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer is a collection of diseases with distinct clinical behaviors and underlying genetic causes. We have searched genetically for genes that have cancer relevant phenotypes including genes that alter cellular proliferation, cellular transformation, cell survival, cellular senescence, and genes that are essential for the proliferation of cancer cells. We have approached this by the generation of libraries of shRNAs for loss of function experiments and libraries of ORFs for gain of function experiments. We will discuss these technologies and how they can be applied to the functional dissection of genes important for breast cancer. Using these new technologies we have identified new oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We find that tumor cells selectively delete negative growth regulators and suggest that the deletion of clusters of these genes may drive tumorigenesis by haploinsufficiency. These recurrent deletions also avoid deletion of one copy of many essential genes through haploinsufficiency. We put forward the Cancer Gene Island model that postulates that tumors select for hemizygous loss of islands of gene enriched in negative regulators of proliferation and depleted in essential genes to promote tumor cell proliferation through cumulative haploinsufficiency.
Citation Format: Teresa Davoli, Nicole L. Solimini, Natalya N. Pavlova, Qikai Xu, Kristen Mengwasser, Laura M. Sack, Anthony C. Liang, Michael R. Schlabach, Ji Luo, Anna E. Burrows, Anthony N. Anselmo, Mamie Z. Li, Stephen J. Elledge. Haploinsufficiency in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Davoli
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Nicole L. Solimini
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Natalya N. Pavlova
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Qikai Xu
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | | | - Laura M. Sack
- 2Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony C. Liang
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Michael R. Schlabach
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Ji Luo
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Anna E. Burrows
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Anthony N. Anselmo
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Mamie Z. Li
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | - Stephen J. Elledge
- 1Harvard University Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,
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Wu ZW, Li MZ, Wang WH, Song WJ, Liu KX. Effect of local structures on structural evolution during crystallization in undercooled metallic glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:074502. [PMID: 23445019 DOI: 10.1063/1.4792067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z W Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex System & Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Jiang YZ, Zhu L, Tang GQ, Li MZ, Jiang AA, Cen WM, Xing SH, Chen JN, Wen AX, He T, Wang Q, Zhu GX, Xie M, Li XW. Carcass and meat quality traits of four commercial pig crossbreeds in China. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:4447-55. [PMID: 23079983 DOI: 10.4238/2012.september.19.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated carcass and meat quality traits of two Chinese native crossbreeds Landrace x Meishan (LM) and Duroc x (Landrace x Meishan) (DLM) and two foreign crossbreeds Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire) (DLY) and PIC (an imported five-way crossbreed). One hundred and twenty weaned pigs (half castrated males and half females) were reared and slaughtered at a predestinated slaughter age. The general carcass and meat quality traits were measured and analyzed. The DLY and PIC crosses had significantly heavier live weights (93.39 and 96.33 kg, P < 0.01), significantly higher dressing percentages (80.65 and 79.39%, P < 0.05), significantly bigger loin areas (42.69 and 43.91 cm(2), P < 0.001), and significantly more lean carcasses (65.78 and 66.40%, P < 0.001) than LM and DLM. On the other hand, LM had a significantly lower live weight (70.29 kg, P < 0.01), significantly thicker back fat (3.54 cm, P < 0.001), significantly less lean carcasses (46.82%, P < 0.001), and significantly less ham and breech (26.53%, P < 0.05) than the other crossbreeds. Among meat quality parameters, LM had the highest intramuscular fat content (5.02%, P < 0.001) and the smallest fiber area (3126.45 μm(2), P < 0.01). However, PIC showed the lowest pH(1) (5.82, P < 0.01) and pH(2) (5.63, P < 0.01), the highest drip loss (2.89%, P < 0.01), and the lowest intramuscular fat (1.35%, P < 0.001). We concluded that LM and DLM had good meat quality traits but poorer carcass traits than DLY and PIC; DLY had good carcass and meat quality traits; PIC had good carcass traits, but it had less intramuscular fat, lower pH and higher drip loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Jiang
- College of Life and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, P.R. China.
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Abstract
DNA methylation may be involved in regulating the expression of protein-coding genes, resulting in different fat and muscle phenotypes. Using a methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism approach, we obtained 7423 bands by selective amplification of genomic DNA from six different fat depots and two heterogeneous muscle types from Duroc/Landrace/Yorkshire cross-bred pigs. The degrees of DNA methylation, determined by the percentages of hemi- and fully methylated sites relative to the total number of CCGG sites, were similar in male and female pigs for each specific tissue [χ(2) test; P (two-tailed) > 0.05]. Gender bias was therefore ignored. There were significant differences in the degree of DNA methylation among the eight tissue types [χ(2) test; P(total) (two-tailed) = 0.009]. However, similar degrees of methylation were observed among the six fat depots [χ(2) test; P(fat) (two-tailed) = 0.24 > 0.05]and between the two muscle types [χ(2) test; P(muscle) (two-tailed) = 0.76 > 0.05]. We conclude that the degree of DNA methylation differs between porcine fat and muscle tissue, but that the methylation status of a particular tissue type is similar, despite being deposited at different body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China
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