1
|
Alshanbari HM, Sami W, Mehmood T, Aboud M, Alanazi T, A Hamza M, Brema I, Alosaimi B. Prediction of COVID-19 severity from clinical and biochemical markers: a single-center study from Saudi Arabia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:2592-2601. [PMID: 35442475 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202204_28497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is known that the severity of COVID-19 is linked to the prognosis of patients; therefore, an early identification is required for patients who are likely to develop severe or critical COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this study is to propose a statistical method for identifying the severity of COVID-19 disease by using clinical and biochemical laboratory markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 48 clinically and laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were obtained from King Fahad Hospital, Medina (KFHM) between 27th April 2020 to 25th May 2020. The patients' demographics and severity of COVID-19 disease were assessed using 39 clinical and biochemical features. After excluding the demographics, 35 predicting features were included in the analysis (diabetes, chronic disease, viral and bacterial co-infections, PCR cycle number, ICU admission, clot formation, cardiac enzymes elevation, hematology profile, sugar levels in the blood, as well as liver and kidney tests, etc.). Logistic regression, stepwise logistic regression, L-2 logistic regression, L-2 stepwise logistic regression, and L-2 best subset logistic regression were applied to model the features. The consistency index was used with kernel Support-Vector Machines (SVM) for the identification of associated markers. RESULTS L-2 best subset logistic regression technique outperformed all other fitted models for modeling COVID-19 disease severity by achieving an accuracy of 88% over the test data. Consistency index over L-2 best subset logistic regression identified 14 associated markers that can best predict the COVID-19 severity among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS By combining a variety of laboratory markers with L-2 best subset logistic regression, the current study has proposed a highly accurate and clinically interpretable model of predicting COVID-19 severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Alshanbari
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cahn P, Madero JS, Arribas J, Antinori A, Ortiz R, Clarke A, Hung C, Rockstroh J, Girard P, Sievers J, Man C, Urbaityte R, Underwood M, Tenorio A, Pappa K, Wynne B, Gartland M, Aboud M, van Wyk J, Smith K, El-Bahy Y. Durable Efficacy of Dolutegravir (DTG) Plus Lamivudine (3TC) in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Adults With HIV-1 Infection: 96-Week Results From the GEMINI Studies. J Infect Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
3
|
Aboud M, Kaplan R, Lombaard J, Zhang F, Hidalgo J, Mamedova E, Losso M, Chetchotisakd P, Brites C, Sievers J, Brown D, Hopking J, Underwood M, Nascimento M, Gartland M, Smith K, Steinhart C, Gatell J. Superior Efficacy of Dolutegravir (DTG) Plus 2 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Compared with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) Plus 2 NRTIs in Second-Line Treatment — 48-week Data from the DAWNING Study. J Infect Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
4
|
Katlama C, Okoli C, Barthel S, Koteff J, Murungi A, Wynne B, Paice A, Aboud M. Quelles tolérance et efficacité du dolutégravir chez des patients initiant un traitement antirétroviral à 50 ans et plus : résultats sur 48 semaines dans les études SPRING-2, FLAMINGO, SINGLE et ARIA ? Med Mal Infect 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.03.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Nakhleh M, Amal H, Jeries R, Broza YY, Aboud M, Gharra A, Ivgi H, Khatib S, Badarneh S, Har-Shai L, Glass-Marmor L, Lejbkowicz I, Miller A, Badarny S, Winer R, Finberg J, Cohen-Kaminsky S, Perros F, Montani D, Girerd B, Garcia G, Simonneau G, Nakhoul F, Baram S, Salim R, Hakim M, Gruber M, Ronen O, Marshak T, Doweck I, Nativ O, Bahouth Z, Shi DY, Zhang W, Hua QL, Pan YY, Tao L, Liu H, Karban A, Koifman E, Rainis T, Skapars R, Sivins A, Ancans G, Liepniece-Karele I, Kikuste I, Lasina I, Tolmanis I, Johnson D, Millstone SZ, Fulton J, Wells JW, Wilf LH, Humbert M, Leja M, Peled N, Haick H. Diagnosis and Classification of 17 Diseases from 1404 Subjects via Pattern Analysis of Exhaled Molecules. ACS Nano 2017; 11:112-125. [PMID: 28000444 PMCID: PMC5269643 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report on an artificially intelligent nanoarray based on molecularly modified gold nanoparticles and a random network of single-walled carbon nanotubes for noninvasive diagnosis and classification of a number of diseases from exhaled breath. The performance of this artificially intelligent nanoarray was clinically assessed on breath samples collected from 1404 subjects having one of 17 different disease conditions included in the study or having no evidence of any disease (healthy controls). Blind experiments showed that 86% accuracy could be achieved with the artificially intelligent nanoarray, allowing both detection and discrimination between the different disease conditions examined. Analysis of the artificially intelligent nanoarray also showed that each disease has its own unique breathprint, and that the presence of one disease would not screen out others. Cluster analysis showed a reasonable classification power of diseases from the same categories. The effect of confounding clinical and environmental factors on the performance of the nanoarray did not significantly alter the obtained results. The diagnosis and classification power of the nanoarray was also validated by an independent analytical technique, i.e., gas chromatography linked with mass spectrometry. This analysis found that 13 exhaled chemical species, called volatile organic compounds, are associated with certain diseases, and the composition of this assembly of volatile organic compounds differs from one disease to another. Overall, these findings could contribute to one of the most important criteria for successful health intervention in the modern era, viz. easy-to-use, inexpensive (affordable), and miniaturized tools that could also be used for personalized screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of a number of diseases, which can clearly be extended by further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morad
K. Nakhleh
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Haitham Amal
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Raneen Jeries
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yoav Y. Broza
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Manal Aboud
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Alaa Gharra
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hodaya Ivgi
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Salam Khatib
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shifaa Badarneh
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lior Har-Shai
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Multiple
Sclerosis Center, Carmel Medical Center and Rappaport Family Faculty
of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lea Glass-Marmor
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Multiple
Sclerosis Center, Carmel Medical Center and Rappaport Family Faculty
of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Izabella Lejbkowicz
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Multiple
Sclerosis Center, Carmel Medical Center and Rappaport Family Faculty
of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ariel Miller
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Multiple
Sclerosis Center, Carmel Medical Center and Rappaport Family Faculty
of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Samih Badarny
- Movement
Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center,
and Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Raz Winer
- Movement
Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center,
and Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - John Finberg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport
Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Centre National de Référence
de l′Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département
Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie,
Hôpital de Bicêtre, UMRS _999, INSERM and Univ. Paris−Sud,
Laboratoire d’Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament
et l′Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical
Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Centre National de Référence
de l′Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département
Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie,
Hôpital de Bicêtre, UMRS _999, INSERM and Univ. Paris−Sud,
Laboratoire d’Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament
et l′Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical
Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - David Montani
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Centre National de Référence
de l′Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département
Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie,
Hôpital de Bicêtre, UMRS _999, INSERM and Univ. Paris−Sud,
Laboratoire d’Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament
et l′Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical
Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Centre National de Référence
de l′Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département
Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie,
Hôpital de Bicêtre, UMRS _999, INSERM and Univ. Paris−Sud,
Laboratoire d’Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament
et l′Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical
Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Gilles Garcia
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Centre National de Référence
de l′Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département
Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie,
Hôpital de Bicêtre, UMRS _999, INSERM and Univ. Paris−Sud,
Laboratoire d’Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament
et l′Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical
Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Gérald Simonneau
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Centre National de Référence
de l′Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département
Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie,
Hôpital de Bicêtre, UMRS _999, INSERM and Univ. Paris−Sud,
Laboratoire d’Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament
et l′Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical
Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Farid Nakhoul
- Department of
Nephrology and Hypertension Baruch Padeh
Medical Center, Poriya 15208, Israel
| | - Shira Baram
- Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula 18101, and Rappaport Family
Faculty of Medicine, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Raed Salim
- Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula 18101, and Rappaport Family
Faculty of Medicine, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Marwan Hakim
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nazareth Hospital EMMS, Nazareth, and
Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar
Ilan University, Ramat
Gan, Israel
| | - Maayan Gruber
- The Department of Otolaryngology Head and
Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Ohad Ronen
- The Department of Otolaryngology Head and
Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Tal Marshak
- The Department of Otolaryngology Head and
Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Ilana Doweck
- The Department of Otolaryngology Head and
Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Ofer Nativ
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Zaher Bahouth
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Da-you Shi
- Department
of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department
of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qing-ling Hua
- Department
of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yue-yin Pan
- Department
of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department
of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department
of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Amir Karban
- Internal Medicine C and Gastroenterology Departments,
Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525408, Israel
| | - Eduard Koifman
- Internal Medicine C and Gastroenterology Departments,
Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525408, Israel
| | - Tova Rainis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bnai Zion
Hospital and Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Roberts Skapars
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Digestive Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, 19 Rainisboulv, LV1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Armands Sivins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Digestive Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, 19 Rainisboulv, LV1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Guntis Ancans
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Digestive Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, 19 Rainisboulv, LV1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inta Liepniece-Karele
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Digestive Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, 19 Rainisboulv, LV1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Kikuste
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Digestive Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, 19 Rainisboulv, LV1586 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases
Centre, GASTRO, 6 Linezeraiela, LV1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ieva Lasina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Digestive Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, 19 Rainisboulv, LV1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivars Tolmanis
- Digestive Diseases
Centre, GASTRO, 6 Linezeraiela, LV1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Douglas Johnson
- Department of Radiation
Oncology, Baptist Cancer Institute (BCI), 1235 San Marco Boulevard, Suite100, Jacksonville, Florida 32207, United States
| | - Stuart Z. Millstone
- Pulmonary
and Critical Care Associates, Orange Park, Florida 32073, United States
| | - Jennifer Fulton
- Pulmonary Diseases, Baptist Medical Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32217, United States
| | - John W. Wells
- Pulmonary
and Critical Care Associates, Orange Park, Florida 32073, United States
| | - Larry H. Wilf
- Oncologic Imaging Division, Florida Radiation Oncology Group, Jacksonville, Florida 32217, United States
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Centre National de Référence
de l′Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département
Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie,
Hôpital de Bicêtre, UMRS _999, INSERM and Univ. Paris−Sud,
Laboratoire d’Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament
et l′Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical
Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Marcis Leja
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Digestive Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, 19 Rainisboulv, LV1586 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases
Centre, GASTRO, 6 Linezeraiela, LV1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Nir Peled
- Thoracic
Cancer Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, RMC, Kaplan Street, Petach Tiqwa 49100, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koteff J, Lake J, Currier J, Brennan C, Gartland M, Shaefer M, Wynne B, Granier C, Aboud M. VIH-16 - Biomarqueurs cardiovasculaires après switch vers DTG/ABC/3TC dans l’essai striiving. Med Mal Infect 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(16)30561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Koteff J, Trottier B, Lake J, Logue K, Brinson C, Santiago L, Brennan C, Wynne B, Granier C, Aboud M. VIH-17 - Le switch d’une trithérapie de 2 inti associés à un IP, un INNTI ou un INI par DTG/ABC/3TC maintient la suppression virologique à 24 semaines. Med Mal Infect 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(16)30562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Demarest J, Quercia R, Zolopa A, Clair MS, Wynne B, Underwood M, Granier C, Aboud M. VIH-24 - Analyse intégrée de l’émergence d’une résistance aux antirétroviraux sur 96 et 144 semaines issue des études cliniques chez des sujets naïfs de traitement contre le VIH-1 et recevant des traitements à base de dolutégravir. Med Mal Infect 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(16)30569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Thornhill J, Aboud M. Timing of antiretrovirals in opportunistic infections. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23:760. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2012.012090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Aboud
- Barts and The London NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mkony C, Aboud M, Yongolo S. UP-03.020 Post-Circumcision Urethro-Cutaneous Fistula: Attention to Detail Enhances Reconstruction Success. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
11
|
Dhairyawan R, Aboud M. Leiomyosarcoma in an HIV-infected adult with renal and central nervous system involvement. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22:52-3. [PMID: 21364069 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of leiomyosarcoma in an HIV-infected adult with renal and central nervous system involvement and possibly the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Dhairyawan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Barts and The London NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The closely related sandfly species of the subgenus Phlebotomus namely, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemair, 1906 and Phlebotomus bergeroti Parrot, 1934 (Diptera: Psychodidae), are major vectors of Leishmania major (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. Although allopatric in most of their distribution, the three species exist sympatrically in many places in central and eastern Sudan. Males of the three species can be distinguished using morphological characters; however, females are much harder to identify, thus complicating epidemiological studies. We carried out a morphometric and a molecular study to determine reliable morphological features and develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for distinguishing females of these species. Males and females from each species were collected from sites in Sudan, East Africa and from one site in Mali, West Africa. Males were analysed morphologically and 20 characters and 10 character ratios were used in a stepwise discriminant analysis. This led to the identification of four characters with high discriminant loading scores sufficient for accurate male species identification. Male DNA was then used for the development of a PCR-based species diagnostic based on the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA. A set of four primers was developed to generate fragment sizes that are specific to each species and can reliably identify females as well as hybrid DNA. Both the morphometric and the molecular findings of this study have important applications for studies of the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Khalid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aboud M, Morel-Kopp MC, Ward C, Coyle L. False-negative or false-positive: laboratory diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant at the time of commencement of anticoagulant. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:2070-3. [PMID: 20553379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
|
14
|
Aboud M, Elgalib A, Pomeroy L, Panayiotakopoulos G, Skopelitis E, Kulasegaram R, Dimian C, C Lampe F, Duncan A, Wierzbicki AS, Peters BS. Cardiovascular risk evaluation and antiretroviral therapy effects in an HIV cohort: implications for clinical management: the CREATE 1 study. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64:1252-9. [PMID: 20653801 PMCID: PMC2913108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to determine the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of a large UK HIV cohort and how highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) affects this. METHODS It is a cross-sectional study within a large inner city hospital and neighbouring district hospital. A total of 1021 HIV positive outpatients representative of the complete cohort and 990 who had no previous CVD were included in CVD risk analysis. We recorded demographics, HAART history and CVD risk factors. CVD and coronary heart disease (CHD) risks were calculated using the Framingham (1991) algorithm adjusted for family history. RESULTS The non-CVD cohort (n = 990) was 74% men, 51% Caucasian and 73.1% were on HAART. Mean age was 41 +/- 9 years, systolic blood pressure 120 +/- 14 mmHg, total cholesterol 4.70 +/- 1.05 mmol/l, high-density lipoprotein-C 1.32 +/- 0.48 mmol/l and 37% smoked. Median CVD risk was 4 (0-56) % in men and 1.4 (0-37) % in women; CHD risks were 3.5 (0-36) % and 0.6 (0-16) %. CVD risk was > 20% in 6% of men and 1% of women and > 10% in 12% of men and 4% of women. CVD risk was higher in Caucasians than other ethnicities; the risk factor contributing most was raised cholesterol. For patients on their first HAART, increased CHD risk (26.2% vs. 6.5%; odds ratio 4.03, p < 0.001) was strongly related to the duration of therapy. CONCLUSIONS Modifiable risk factors, especially cholesterol, and also duration of HAART, were key determinants of CVD risk. DISCUSSION Regular CHD and/or CVD risk assessment should be performed on patients with HIV, especially during HAART therapy. The effect of different HAART regimens on CHD risk should be considered when selecting therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aboud
- HIV Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aboud M. Working with the Clinton HIV/AIDS initiative in Liberia: a personal account. Br J Vener Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.032250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
16
|
Johnston AM, Aboud M, Morel-Kopp MC, Coyle L, Ward CM. Use of a functional assay to diagnose protein S deficiency; inappropriate testing yields equivocal results. Intern Med J 2007; 37:409-11. [PMID: 17535386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inherited deficiency of protein S (PS) is a rare but accepted risk factor for venous thromboembolism. There is accumulating evidence that inherited PS deficiency may be associated with a variety of adverse obstetric events. Acquired PS deficiency may be caused by a variety of clinical states including normal pregnancy. We conducted a retrospective audit of the results of screening for PS deficiency through our reference laboratory. The majority of patients in this audit with significantly reduced (<50%) free functional PS levels had a major confounding factor likely to cause acquired PS deficiency, most frequently pregnancy. Recommendations for PS testing for the diagnosis of hereditary PS deficiency include deferring testing until at least 40 days post-partum. It appears that these recommendations are not being adhered to leading to difficulty in the interpretation of results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Johnston
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Services, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Curnow JL, Morel-Kopp MC, Roddie C, Aboud M, Ward CM. Reduced fibrinolysis and increased fibrin generation can be detected in hypercoagulable patients using the overall hemostatic potential assay. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:528-34. [PMID: 17166248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routinely available coagulation assays are not capable of detecting clinically defined hypercoagulable states. A number of global coagulation assays have been developed with the potential to evaluate hypercoagulability, which predisposes to the common clinical events of arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that the overall hemostatic potential (OHP) assay would show abnormal fibrin generation and lysis in patients with clinically defined hypercoagulable states. METHODS We used the OHP assay as described by Blombäck and colleagues [1,2] in 161 clinically hypercoagulable patients with arterial or VTE, pregnancy complications or autoimmune disease. Eighty patients had associated antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA). Ninety-eight normal plasma donors were tested for comparison. RESULTS We derived three new assay parameters for correlation with hypercoagulable states: the maximum optical density, maximum slope, and delay in onset of fibrin generation. We found significantly different assay results for all patients' parameters examined when compared with controls, indicating both increased fibrin generation and reduced fibrinolysis in hypercoagulable patients. The findings were similar whether samples were collected in association with an acute thrombotic event or not. Estimated assay sensitivity for detection of a clinically defined hypercoagulable state was 96%. CONCLUSIONS The OHP assay is a simple, inexpensive global test that is useful for assessing patients with hypercoagulable states including APLA. OHP results are significantly abnormal in hypercoagulable groups compared with controls, indicating that both increased fibrin generation and reduced fibrinolysis contribute to hypercoagulable states. The assay may ultimately assist in tailoring clinical management to patients' individual requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Curnow
- Northern Blood Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has markedly improved the prognosis of people with HIV infection. However, there are long-term side effects associated with HAART. Alterations in metabolic parameters are common and include hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance (IR), either in isolation or as part of the lipodystrophy and metabolic syndromes. Insulin resistance is common in HIV-infected people, particularly among those being treated with protease inhibitor therapy. The prevalence of hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus is significantly higher in people with HIV infection being treated with antiretrovirals (ARVs), as compared with the general population. Hyperglycaemia is an important risk factor for the development of secondary pathology, including cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to consider the effects of IR in HIV-infected individuals, and take measures to prevent or manage it appropriately. There is limited evidence for the benefit of pharmacological interventions for IR alone although the metabolic changes and body shape changes of lipodystrophy might benefit from the combined use of metformin with exercise. At present, therefore, it is best to concentrate on preventative measures, including lifestyle modification, the careful selection of ARV drugs, and changing drug combinations where appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aboud
- Genitourinary Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rolain JM, Gouriet F, Enea M, Aboud M, Raoult D. Detection by immunofluorescence assay of Bartonella henselae in lymph nodes from patients with cat scratch disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2003; 10:686-91. [PMID: 12853405 PMCID: PMC164252 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.10.4.686-691.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory diagnosis of Bartonella henselae infections can be accomplished by serology or PCR assay on biopsy samples. The purpose of our work was to assess immunofluorescence detection (IFD) in lymph node smears using a specific monoclonal antibody directed against B. henselae and a commercial serology assay (IFA) compared with PCR detection. Among 200 lymph nodes examined from immunocompetent patients, 54 were positive for B. henselae by PCR, of which 43 were also positive by IFD. Among the 146 PCR-negative lymph nodes, 11 were positive by IFD. Based on PCR results, the specificity of this new technique was 92.5%, the sensitivity was 79.6%, and the positive predictive value was 79.6%. At a cutoff titer of 64, the sensitivity of the IFA was 86.8% and the specificity was 74.1%. Diagnosis of cat scratch disease (CSD) may be improved, with a specificity of 100%, when the two tests (IFD and IFA) were negative; the sensitivity was 97.4% if one of the two tests was positive. Since PCR-based detection with biopsy samples is available only in reference laboratories, we suggest using IFD coupled with the commercial serology test for the diagnosis of CSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Rolain
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020A, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schavinsky-Khrapunsky Y, Huleihel M, Aboud M, Torgeman A. TPA activates p21WAF-1 promoter in human T-cells through its second most upstream Sp1 site. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 304:696-700. [PMID: 12727210 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The p21(WAF-1) promoter contains binding sites for a number of transcription factors which mediate its activation by a variety of external signals. Moreover, it has been reported that the transcription factors involved in p21(WAF-1) activation by certain signaling factors, like the phorbol ester TPA, may vary in different cell types. We were interested in elucidating the mechanism of p21(WAF-1) activation by TPA in human T-cells, since this activation could explain the antagonistic effect of PKC on apoptosis induction in these cells noted in our previous studies. Using the Jurkat human T-cells we found that TPA activated p21(WAF-1) expression by a PKC-dependent mechanism and that out of six Sp1 binding sites residing in its promoter the second most upstream one was critically essential for this activation. Since p21(WAF-1) is known to inhibit the onset of apoptosis, its PKC-dependent activation may likely account for the PKC antagonistic effect on apoptosis induction in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Schavinsky-Khrapunsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Torgeman A, Ben-Aroya Z, Grunspan A, Zelin E, Butovsky E, Hallak M, Löchelt M, Flügel RM, Livneh E, Wolfson M, Kedar I, Aboud M. Activation of HTLV-I long terminal repeat by stress-inducing agents and protection of HTLV-I-infected T-cells from apoptosis by the viral tax protein. Exp Cell Res 2001; 271:169-79. [PMID: 11697893 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HTLV-I is etiologically implicated with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy, adult T-cell leukemia and certain other diseases. However, after infection the virus enters into a dormant state, whereas the characteristics of the HTLV-I related diseases indicate that their genesis requires activation of the dormant virus by a Tax-independent mechanism. In the present study we demonstrate that a variety of stress-inducing agents (TPA, cisplatin, etoposide, taxol, and 3-methylcholanthrene) are capable of Tax-independent activation of HTLV-I LTR and that this activation is detected mainly in cells that are undergoing through the apoptotic process. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that both apoptosis induction and HTLV-I LTR activation are inhibited by Bcl-2 and by PKC, indicating that these two processes are mechanistically cross-linked. In addition, using an HTLV-I producing human T-cell line which permanently express the negatively transdominant tax mutant, Delta58tax, under the Tet-Off control system, we prove that the virally encoded Tax protein protects the host cells from apoptosis. Together, these data suggest that activation of the dormant virus in the carriers' infected T-cells by certain stress-inducing conditions and protecting these cells from the consequent apoptotic death by the viral Tax protein emerging after this activation, might be the basis for switching the virus from latency to a pathogenic phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Torgeman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Torgeman A, Mor-Vaknin N, Zelin E, Ben-Aroya Z, Löchelt M, Flügel RM, Aboud M. Sp1-p53 heterocomplex mediates activation of HTLV-I long terminal repeat by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate that is antagonized by protein kinase C. Virology 2001; 281:10-20. [PMID: 11222091 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) activates human T-cell leukemia virus type-I long terminal repeat (LTR) in Jurkat cells by a protein kinase C (PKC)-independent mechanism involving a posttranslational activation of Sp1 binding to an Sp1 site located within the Ets responsive region-1 (ERR-1). By employing the PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I and cotransfecting the reporter LTR construct with a vector expressing PKC-alpha, we demonstrated, in the present study, that this effect of TPA was not only independent of, but actually antagonized by, PKC. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays together with antibody-mediated supershift and immuno-coprecipitation analyses, revealed that the posttranslational activation of Sp1 was exerted by inducing the formation of Sp1-p53 heterocomplex capable of binding to the Sp1 site in ERR-1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Jurkat cells contain both wild-type (w.t.) and mutant forms of p53 and we detected both of them in this complex at variable combinations; some molecules of the complex contained either the w.t. or the mutant p53 separately, whereas others contained the two of them together. Finally, we showed that the Sp1-p53 complexes could bind also to an Sp1 site present in the promoter of another gene such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF-1), but not to consensus recognition sequences of the w.t. p53. Therefore, we speculate that there might be several other PKC-independent biological effects of TPA which result from interaction of such Sp1-p53 complexes with Sp1 recognition sites residing in the promoters of a wide variety of cellular and viral genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Torgeman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is now recognised to be the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is due to defects and/or deficiencies in von Willebrand factor (VWF). The latex immuno-assay (LIA) procedure has become a popular VWF:Ag detection methodology because of the ability to automate testing. In this report, we present findings which urge caution when normal LIA results are obtained co-incident to striking clinical findings strongly suggestive of VWD, or previous laboratory findings consistent with VWD. As illustrated by a relevant case study, normal LIA results may lead to an "incorrect diagnosis" of "not VWD" or to a potential subtype misdiagnosis, should they be accepted without cross-confirmation using alternative VWF methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Favaloro
- Department of Haematology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Binasis A, Pratley S, Roach P, Bernard E, Aboud M, Tofler G. Increase in von willebrand factor with exercise: A potential mechanism of increased cardiovascular risk. Heart Lung Circ 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1443-9506.2000.07352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Moore J, Aboud M, Ma D. Adult transient lupus anticoagulant patients maintain an acquired activated protein C resistance profile. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84:735-6. [PMID: 11057886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
26
|
Wagner A, Doerks A, Aboud M, Alonso A, Tokino T, Flügel RM, Löchelt M. Induction of cellular genes is mediated by the Bel1 transactivator in foamy virus-infected human cells. J Virol 2000; 74:4441-7. [PMID: 10775579 PMCID: PMC111964 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.10.4441-4447.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into human foamy virus (HFV; also called spumaretrovirus)-induced alterations of cellular genes, the expression profiles of defined genes in HFV-infected primary human cells were analyzed by cDNA array assays. Several distinct cellular genes activated by HFV infection were identified; the identities of the cellular genes were confirmed by RNA blot analyses. Compared with mock-infected controls, the concentrations of cellular Kip2, Egr-1, COUP-TF1, insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), and EphB3 mRNAs were significantly increased in HFV-infected cells and showed a gene-specific and time-dependent induction. Immunoblot analyses with antibodies against some of the cellular gene products revealed increased levels of the corresponding proteins. To investigate mechanisms of HFV-induced alterations in cellular gene expression, the capacity of known HFV genes to increase expression of defined cellular genes was analyzed by transient expression experiments. Plasmids that encode the HFV Bel1 transcriptional transactivator were necessary and sufficient to strongly increase expression of p57Kip2, IGF-II, and EphB3 genes in 293T cells. Potential mechanisms and consequences of activation of cellular genes during HFV infection and Bel1 transactivation of the Kip2 gene are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wagner
- Abteilung Retrovirale Genexpression, Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aboud M, Ma D, Moore J. Adult Transient Lupus Anticoagulant Patients Maintain an Acquired Activated Protein C Resistance Profile. Thromb Haemost 2000. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
28
|
Torgeman A, Mor-Vaknin N, Aboud M. Sp1 is involved in a protein kinase C-independent activation of human T cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Virology 1999; 254:279-87. [PMID: 9986794 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The long terminal repeat (LTR) of human T cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) contains binding sites for several cellular transcription factors that can activate its expression independently of the viral transactivator Tax protein. In a previous study, we have shown that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces a Tax-independent activation of the viral LTR expression. We have also noted that although most other TPA biological effects are attributed to its protein kinase C (PKC)-activating potential, this particular effect of TPA is PKC independent and antagonized by PKC activity. In addition, we have demonstrated that deletion of the ets-responsive region 1 (ERR-1) from the LTR abolishes its response to TPA. In the present study, we demonstrate that TPA exerts this effect by enhancing the binding of the Sp1 transcription factor to an Sp1-binding site located within ERR-1. This Sp1-binding stimulation was not diminished by a potent PKC-specific inhibitor like bisindolylmaleimide-I, indicating that it did not depend on PKC activity. However, no increase in Sp1 protein level could be detected in the TPA-treated cells, suggesting that TPA exerted its effect by a posttranslational modification of Sp1 protein rather than by stimulating its synthesis. Although the proximal Tax responsive 21-bp element also contains an Sp1-binding site, the present study shows that the modified Sp1 protein mediates the TPA effect on LTR only through the Sp1 site of the ERR-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Torgeman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mackinlay N, Aboud M, Roach V, Isbister J, Ma D. Changes of resistance to activated protein C. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 39:138. [PMID: 10099773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1999.tb03056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
30
|
Mor-Vaknin N, Turgeman H, Torgeman A, Wolfson M, Huleihel M, Aboud M. Rapid syncytium formation between human T-cell leukaemia virus type-I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cells and human nervous system cells: a possible implication for tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Cell Biol Int 1999; 22:95-103. [PMID: 9878096 DOI: 10.1006/cbir.1998.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), is characterized by infiltration of human T cell leukaemia virus type-I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cells, anti-HTLV-I cytotoxic T cells and macrophages into the patients' cerebrospinal fluid and by intrathecally formed anti-HTLV-I antibodies. This implies that the disease involves a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Since astrocytes play a central role in establishing this barrier, the authors investigated the hypothesis that the HTLV-I infected T cells disrupt this barrier by damaging the astrocytes. The present study revealed the HTLV-I-producing T cells conferred a severe cytopathic effect upon monolayers of astrocytoma cell line in co-cultures. Following co-cultivation, HTLV-I DNA and proteins appeared in the monolayer cells, but after reaching a peak their level gradually declined. This appearance of the viral components was proved to result from a fusion of the astrocytic cells with the virus-producing T cells, whereas their subsequent decline reflected the destruction of the resulting syncytia. This fusion could be specifically blocked by anti HTLV-I Env antibodies, indicating that it was mediated by the viral Env proteins expressed on the surface of the virus-producing cells. Similar fusion was observed between the HTLV-I-producing cells and certain other human nervous system cell lines. If such fusion of HTLV-I-infected T cells occurs also with astrocytes and other nervous system cells in TSP/HAM patients, it may account, at least partially, for the blood-brain barrier breakdown and some of the neural lesions in this syndrome.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Astrocytoma/pathology
- Blood-Brain Barrier
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Death
- Cell Fusion/drug effects
- Coculture Techniques
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- Gene Products, env/immunology
- Gene Products, gag/analysis
- Gene Products, gag/biosynthesis
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Giant Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/physiology
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Kidney
- Mice
- Neurilemmoma/pathology
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/pathology
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/virology
- Rats
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/analysis
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/biosynthesis
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vacuoles
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mor-Vaknin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Turgeman H, Aboud M. Evidence that protein kinase A activity is required for the basal and tax-stimulated transcriptional activity of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I long terminal repeat. FEBS Lett 1998; 428:183-7. [PMID: 9654131 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in the control of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) expression, since this issue is still controversial. For this purpose we employed two human T-cell lines; the Jurkat cells in which long exposure to diBu-cAMP severely down-regulated the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKA-C), and H-9 cells in which such exposure markedly increased PKA-C level. Transient transfection assays revealed that addition of diBu-cAMP 1 h before or after transfection profoundly increased HTLV-I LTR directed CAT expression and synergistically enhanced its stimulation by the viral transactivator tax gene product in both cell lines. However longer exposure to diBu-cAMP before transfection reduced LTR-CAT expression to below its basal level and completely abolished its stimulation by tax in Jurkat cells, and this diBu-cAMP inhibitory effect could be abrogated by co-transfection of a PKA-C expressing vector. By contrast, in H-9 cells, this long exposure to diBu-cAMP continued enhancing LTR-CAT expression and its tax-mediated transactivation, and this stimulatory effect of diBu-cAMP could be diminished by the PKA-specific inhibitor N-12-(p-bromocinnamylamine)ethyll-5-isoquinolinsulfonamid e (H-89). Notably, in the absence of diBu-cAMP treatment H-89 reduced LTR-CAT expression to below its basal level and prevented its stimulation by tax in both cell lines. Together these findings indicate not only that cAMP-activated PKA stimulates HTLV-I LTR expression and its transactivation by tax, but even in the absence of PKA activating signals the basal HTLV-I LTR expression as well as its stimulation by tax are both dependent on a basal PKA activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Turgeman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang P, Zemba M, Aboud M, Flügel RM, Löchelt M. Deletion analysis of both the long terminal repeat and the internal promoters of the human foamy virus. Virus Genes 1997; 15:17-23. [PMID: 9354264 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007994527345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deletion analyses of the long terminal repeat (LTR) and internal promoters (IP) of human foamy virus (HFV) showed that a negative acting element resides in the U5 region of the 5' LTR reducing reporter gene expression tenfold. The basal activity of the IP was higher than that obtained with LTR promoter constructs and strongly elevated in permissive BHK-21 cells whereas semi-permissive COS-7 cells showed low basal activity. Since the basal activity of the IP is critical for initiating HFV gene expression by providing Bel 1 transactivator early after infection, the basal activity of the IP may be the crucial factor that contributes to whether cells are permissive for HFV infection or not. Deletion mutagenesis allowed to define the minimal IP region. A region strongly transactivated by Bel 1 extends from -136 to +58 relative to the cap site of the IP. The major Bel 1 response element of the IP required for transactivation is located upstream of the cap site between -136 and -88 relative to the internal cap site. A DNA fragment reported to be protected by recombinant Bel 1 was deleted with marginal reduction of Bel 1 transactivation. HFV gene expression directed by the IP and LTR promoters is thus multiply regulated by positive and negative acting response elements in cis and their binding partners in trans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Yang
- Abteilung Retrovirale Genexpression, Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutches Krebsforschungszenturm, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mor-Vaknin N, Torgeman A, Galron D, Löchelt M, Flügel RM, Aboud M. The long terminal repeats of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and human T-cell leukemia virus type-I are activated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate through different pathways. Virology 1997; 232:337-44. [PMID: 9191847 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The LTRs of HIV-1 and HTLV-I have been shown by several laboratories to be activated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). This agent is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). However, long exposure to TPA downregulates PKC in many cell types. We demonstrated that TPA treatment of Jurkat cells for more than 24 hr resulted in a sever depletion of this enzyme. Therefore, to explore the role of PKC in the effect of TPA on these LTRs, we transfected Jurkat cells with HIV-1 LTR-CAT or HTLV-I LTR-CAT construct after 72 hr of TPA pretreatment. While this TPA pretreatment considerably reduced the HIV-1 LTR basal expression, it strongly stimulated the expression of HTLV-I LTR. Furthermore, when TPA was added after transfection, a strong stimulation of HIV-1 LTR was observed, which could be abrogated by PKC inhibitors like H7 and chelerythryn. However, under these conditions TPA stimulated HTLV-I LTR to a lesser extent than did the long-term TPA pretreatment. Moreover, this stimulation was enhanced by the PKC inhibitors. Thus our data indicate that while the effect of TPA on HIV-1 LTR is strictly dependent on PKC activity, its effect on HTLV-I LTR is exerted via a different pathway that not only does not require PKC activation but rather seems to be antagonized by the activated PKC. Using a deletion mutant of HTLV-I LTR we mapped the PKC-independent effect of TPA to the c-ets responsive region 1 (ERR-1) located in U3 of this LTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mor-Vaknin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheve, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Full dose heparin therapy is monitored by a variety of laboratory methods, of which the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is the most popular. A large number of APTT reagents are currently available, with different sensitivities to heparin evident in many. Within the literature it is apparent that there is a lack of consensus, and indeed some confusion, regarding the therapeutic ranges for the APTT for standard heparin therapy in the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. Accordingly we conducted an Australasian survey to evaluate current laboratory and clinical practices in monitoring heparin therapy, to determine the extent of variation in the approach and to stimulate the process of standardisation of acceptable procedures and methodology. Results of the survey demonstrate that currently there is no uniform practice used to establish therapeutic ranges for monitoring standard heparin therapy. Furthermore, results suggest that current practice may lead to subtherapeutic anticoagulation in many laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mackinlay
- Department of Hematology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Foamy viruses form a separate group of retroviruses encoding a pol protein with at least four domains based on comparative sequence alignments. The polymerase and ribonuclease H domains of the human foamy virus (HFV) pol gene were expressed in Escherichia coli either individually or in combination. The histidine-tagged HFV fusion proteins were subsequently purified to near homogeneity by affinity Ni2+ chelate column chromatography. The polymerase and RNase H activities were characterized by performing conventional DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H assays and in situ gel assays. Six purified recombinant HFV proteins were enzymatically active either individually as DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H or as combined domains. The HFV enzymatic activities were characterized with respect to cation preferences and pH optima. Western blots with antibodies against the RNase H domain, in situ reverse transcriptase (RT), and RNase H gel assays showed that in HFV-infected cells pol proteins of 120 and 80 kDa were detectable. A novel activity band of 60 kDa was found in situ RT gel assays. Recombinant RNase H protein additionally purified by fast performance liquid chromatography was capable of removing the primer for minus-strand DNA synthesis when labeled tRNA(Lys1,2) model substrates were used. Specific cleavages occurred at the phosphodiester bonds one to three nucleotides 5' of the RNA-DNA junction. The results revealed biochemical properties of the HFV pol gene products that define functional domains of the HFV pol gene that are distinct but comparable to other retroviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kögel
- Abteilung Retrovirale Genexpression, Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Benharroch D, Yermiahu T, Geffen DB, Prinsloo I, Gopas J, Segal S, Aboud M. Expression of c-myc and c-ras oncogenes in the neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease. Eur J Haematol 1995; 55:178-83. [PMID: 7672090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1995.tb00247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenes c-myc and c-ras are known to elicit a cooperative tumorigenicity. In this study we investigated their role in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease. The expression of these oncogenes was determined in Hodgkin's disease patients by avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical staining and was compared to their expression in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and inflammatory reactive lymph nodes. Of 29 examined patients with different histological types of Hodgkin's disease, 21 (72.4%) showed an elevated expression of c-myc and 28 (96.5%) of c-ras. Although this expression was marked especially in the neoplastic Reed-Sternberg cells, it was also noted in the numerous reactive cells present in the involved lymph nodes. By contrast, a much lower frequency of increased expression of these oncogenes was recorded in 19 patients with different grades of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in 29 patients with inflammatory reactive lymph nodes. The elevated expression of c-myc and c-ras in the neoplastic Reed-Sternberg cells may reflect an oncogenic event that directly activates these genes. However, their increased expression in the surrounding non-neoplastic cells probably results from signal transduction induced by certain growth-promoting factors possibly released by the Reed-Sternberg cells and that act paracrinally to stimulate the proliferation of the neighboring cells. Furthermore, the continuous c-ras elevation may impair the normal cell cycle control and thereby promote mutagenesis and overt malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Benharroch
- Department of Oncology, Soroka Medical Center of Kupat Holim, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Human foamy or spuma virus (HFV) codes for a distinct set of pol gen products. To determine the minimal requirements for the HFV enzymatic activities, defined residues of the reverse transcriptase (RT) and ribo-nuclease H (RNase H) domain of the HFV pol gene were mutated by site-specific PCR mutagenesis. The mutant gene products were bacterially expressed, purified by Ni2+ chelate affinity chromatography and characterised by Western blotting. The enzymatic activities of the individual recombinant HFV pol mutant proteins were characterised by the situ RT, RNase H and RNase H assays. Two substitution mutants reached RT activity levels higher than that of the intact recombinant HFV RT-RH-His. When the catalytically essential D508 was substituted by A508, 5% of RNase H activity was retained while DNA polymerase activity increased 2-fold. A deletion of 11 amino acid residues in the hinge region completely abolished DNA polymerase while RNase H activity decreased 2-fold. A deletion mutant in the C-terminal RH domain showed no RNase H but retained RNase H activity indicating that the activities are genetically separable. The combined data reveal that the HFV DNA polymerase and RNase H activities are interdependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kögel
- Abteilung Retrovirale Genexpression, Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dias HW, Aboud M, Flügel RM. Analysis of the phylogenetic placement of different spumaretroviral genes reveals complex pattern of foamy virus evolution. Virus Genes 1995; 11:183-90. [PMID: 8828144 DOI: 10.1007/bf01728657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Foamy or spumaviruses are complex retroviruses. Phylogenetic trees have been constructed previously for either the polymerase or integrase domains showed a clustering of the foamy viruses relatively distant from other retroviruses. The most related retrovirus was found to be murine leukemia virus, irrespective of the method used or foamy viral gene analyzed. We analyze bel genes of different foamy viruses and compared the corresponding phylogenetic trees with those obtained from the pol genes that were constructed with refined computer programs. In addition, the nucleocapsid protein sequence of foamy viruses was used for a comparative phylogenetic analysis. Known biological properties of the individual FV protein domains are discussed to ascertain the apparent phylogenetic relatedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Dias
- Abteilung Retroviral Genexpression, Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Priel E, Aflalo E, Seri I, Henderson LE, Arthur LO, Aboud M, Segal S, Blair DG. DNA binding properties of the zinc-bound and zinc-free HIV nucleocapsid protein: supercoiled DNA unwinding and DNA-protein cleavable complex formation. FEBS Lett 1995; 362:59-64. [PMID: 7698354 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00208-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The HIV nucleocapsid (NC) protein contains, as those of other retroviruses, two Cys-His arrays which function as zinc finger binding domains. The nucleic acid binding properties of retroviral NC have been previously demonstrated. In this study, we characterized the DNA binding ability of the zinc-bound and zinc-free forms of HIV NC. We found that in addition to binding single-stranded DNA, both forms bind and unwind supercoiled plasmid DNA. The binding ability of the zinc-bound form was higher than the zinc-free form. In addition we showed the formation of NC protein-DNA cleavable complex which is the result of a presumably covalent bond formed between the protein and the phosphate moiety of the DNA backbone. The NC unwinding activity and the protein-DNA cleavable complex formation resembles the first step of the relaxing mechanism of DNA topoisomerase. Our results shed light on the possibility of a novel physiological function for the HIV NC protein in the viral life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Priel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wolfson M, Lev M, Avinoah I, Malik Z, Löchelt M, Flügel RM, Dombrovski A, Aboud M. Stimulation of virus production and induction of self-syncytium formation in human T-cell leukemia virus type I- and type II-infected T cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. J Virol 1994; 68:4695-9. [PMID: 8207847 PMCID: PMC236401 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.68.7.4695-4699.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)- and HTLV-II-infected T-cell lines with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated virus release. However, this stimulation was mainly detected at 42 to 48 h of treatment, whereas later virus release declined rapidly. During the first 48 h, TPA had no effect on cell growth, but later, the number of viable cells was profoundly lower in the TPA-treated than in the untreated cultures. This shift in virus release and cell number resulted from self-fusion of a large proportion of the virus-producing cells, which seemed to consequently enter into a dying process. This fusion, which resulted in syncytium formation, was strongly inhibited by anti-HTLV-I env monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, no self-fusion was detected in three different uninfected T-cell lines similarly treated with TPA. On the other hand, stimulation of virus production by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) treatment failed to induce self-fusion in the infected cells. Moreover, no syncytium was detected when these 3-MC-treated infected cells were cocultured with any of the TPA-treated uninfected cells. The effects of TPA on virus production and syncytium formation were both abolished by three different protein kinase C inhibitors. Taken together, these data suggest that the self-fusion observed in these experiments required both enhanced virus production and protein kinase C-phosphorylated viral or/and virally induced cellular component(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wolfson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Löchelt M, Flügel RM, Aboud M. The human foamy virus internal promoter directs the expression of the functional Bel 1 transactivator and Bet protein early after infection. J Virol 1994; 68:638-45. [PMID: 8289367 PMCID: PMC236497 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.68.2.638-645.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human foamy virus or spumaretrovirus (HFV) is a complex retrovirus that has the capacity to code not only for the three retroviral genes gag, pol, and env but, in addition, for at least three bel genes. The HFV provirus contains two different and functionally active promoters: the classical retroviral promoter in the 5' long terminal repeat and a recently identified second promoter in the env gene upstream of the bel genes. Both promoter/enhancers are strongly dependent on the HFV transcriptional transactivator protein Bel 1. Here we report that the internal promoter directs the synthesis of viral transcripts that code for functionally active Bel 1 and for Bet proteins that appeared early after HFV infection. The viral mRNAs of the internal promoter have a 112-nucleotide-long leader exon and were spliced predominantly at the first splice donor site in the 5' untranslated region. The data were obtained by transient expression assays, transactivation experiments, and RNA analyses of transcripts derived from HFV-infected cells. The results provide strong evidence for the crucial role the internal promoter plays during HFV infection in generating bel-specific transcripts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Löchelt
- Abteilung Retrovirale Genexpression, Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Löchelt M, Aboud M, Flügel RM. Increase in the basal transcriptional activity of the human foamy virus internal promoter by the homologous long terminal repeat promoter in cis. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:4226-30. [PMID: 8414976 PMCID: PMC310054 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.18.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human foamy or spumaretrovirus HFV is a complex and exogenous retrovirus that encodes several bel genes besides the three classical retroviral genes gag, pol, and env. HFV was recently reported to contain two functionally active promoters that are both strongly trans-activated by the HFV trans-activator protein Bel 1. The occurrence of a second internal cap site underscores the complexity of the HFV genome. We have analysed whether there is interference between the HFV long terminal repeat promoter and the internal promoter located in the 3' end of env upstream of the bel genes. Recombinant clones were constructed that carry two different indicator genes, one under the control of the U3 promoter, the other under the control of the internal promoter. The portion of the basal transcriptional activity of the internal promoter that is not trans-activated by Bel 1 was increased two- to threefold in the presence of the long terminal repeat promoter. The rate of trans-activation by Bel 1 of both HFV promoters was not altered in these constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Löchelt
- Abteilung Retrovirale Genexpression, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wolfson M, Nathan I, Aharon M, Dvilansky A, Aboud M. Synergistic effect of interferon-gamma and phorbol myristate acetate on superoxide production by human monocytes. Cell Biol Int 1993; 17:595-602. [PMID: 8394173 DOI: 10.1006/cbir.1993.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a synergistic effect of IFN gamma and PMA on superoxide generation by human monocytes. A strict correlation was observed between the induction of superoxide production and PK-C activation by PMA alone. No such correlation was evident for IFN gamma. However, exposure of the cells to IFN gamma for 10 to 15 hr prior to PMA treatment enhanced both superoxide production and PK-C activation. Using protein kinase inhibitors, we noticed that while PMA exerted its effect by activating PK-C, IFN gamma operated via activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent or some other calcium-dependent protein kinases. These kinases appeared to be involved in the effect of IFN gamma on superoxide production, as well as in its potentiation of PMA activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wolfson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
We have previously shown that noncytotoxic doses of camptothecin (CPT), a topoisomerase I-specific antagonist, inhibit retrovirus replication in acutely and chronically infected cells. To evaluate the efficacy of CPT as an antiretroviral drug in vivo, we injected newborn BALB/c mice with Moloney murine leukemia virus and adult NFS mice with Friend spleen focus-forming virus. The Moloney murine leukemia virus-injected mice developed lymphoma, and the Friend spleen focus-forming virus-injected mice developed erythroleukemia. CPT, administrated together with the virus or 1 or 2 days after virus injection, prevented the onset of the disease in both cases. We showed that repeated CPT treatments increased the effectiveness of the drug when administrated 3 days after virus injection. This ability of CPT to inhibit retrovirus-induced disease in vivo without causing any apparent toxic side effects suggests its application as a legitimate remedy for the treatment of retroviral diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Evaluation Studies as Topic
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/prevention & control
- Leukemia, Experimental/etiology
- Leukemia, Experimental/prevention & control
- Lymphoma/etiology
- Lymphoma/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Moloney murine leukemia virus/drug effects
- Moloney murine leukemia virus/growth & development
- Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Retroviridae Infections/complications
- Retroviridae Infections/drug therapy
- Spleen/pathology
- Spleen Focus-Forming Viruses/drug effects
- Spleen Focus-Forming Viruses/growth & development
- Virus Replication
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Priel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Aboud M, Chrisment C, Razouk R, Sedes F, Soule-Dupuy C. Querying a hypertext information retrieval system by the use of classification. Inf Process Manag 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4573(93)90063-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Feldman G, Aboud M. Stimulation of HTLV-I expression by subtoxic dose of 3-methylcholanthrene. Leuk Res 1993; 17:429-35. [PMID: 8501970 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(93)90098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In vivo infection by HTLV-I is characterized by the lack of virus expression in the host's infected cells and in most cases it is clinically inapparent. The present study shows that exposure of HTLV-I-infected human T-cells to a maximal non-toxic dose of 3-MC remarkably enhances virus expression. This stimulatory effect was demonstrated by showing elevated levels of viral RNA and proteins within the cells and increased virus release to the culture medium. The enhanced virus expression was found to increase the ability of the treated cells to infect normal human peripheral lymphocytes in co-culture. Such data point to the possibility that initiation of a pathogenic process in HTLV-I-infected individuals might result from activating the expression of the latent provirus by environmental carcinogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Feldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aboud M, Kingsmore S, Segal S. Role of natural killer cells in controlling local tumor formation and metastatic manifestation of different 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma cell clones. Nat Immun 1993; 12:17-24. [PMID: 8431660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Using two cell clones derived from 3LL Lewis carcinoma; an NK-resistant (designated A6) and an NK-susceptible (designated F2) clone, we investigated the effect of the NK system on local tumor growth and metastasis. Both clones generated local tumors at the inoculation site somewhat faster in NK-deficient (bg/bg) than in normal mice. In addition, these tumors grew slightly faster in the bg/bg mice. However, the effect of the NK system on the metastatic spread of these clones was much more prominent. The F2 cells were profoundly less metastatic than the A6 cells when inoculated into normal mice, whereas in the NK-deficient mice, both clones were highly metastatic. Thus, the NK system appears to be effective primarily in controlling the metastatic spread of the 3LL cells and has a lesser effect on their local tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aboud M, Rosner M, Dombrovsky A, Revazova T, Feldman G, Tolpolar L, Strilitz-Hassan Y, Flügel RM. Interactions between retroviruses and environmental carcinogens and their role in animal and human leukemogenesis. Leuk Res 1992; 16:1061-9. [PMID: 1434742 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(92)90044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aboud M, Segal S, Priel E, Blair DG, O'Hara B. Effect of temperature on the expression of major histocompatibility complex class-I antigens. Immunol Invest 1992; 21:219-29. [PMID: 1587557 DOI: 10.3109/08820139209072260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effect of temperature on MHC class-I gene expression in BALB/C 3T3 cells incubated for 5 days at 34 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C. FACS analysis revealed no significant difference in the cell surface expression of any of the 3 major class-I antigens at 34 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Strikingly, however, when the level of the respective mRNA was determined, only that of the H-2K was comparable at both temperatures, whereas the levels of the H-2D and H-2L mRNA were profoundly higher at 37 degrees C. These data appear to reflect a differential temperature-related transcriptional control of the different class-I genes or a different temperature effect on the stability of their mRNA. The absence of a parallel increase in surface expression of the corresponding H-2D and H-2L antigens may result from some translational or post-translational limiting factors. At 39 degrees C, however, these limiting factors seem to be overcome since the surface expression of all the 3 antigens was remarkably increased although the level of their encoding mRNA was rather lower than in 37 degrees C. This stimulatory effect might be ascribed to heat shock proteins which are known to arise in cells at heat or other stress conditions. They participate in assembly and disassembly of various protein complexes and in transport of certain proteins across intracellular membranes. Such proteins may have arisen in our cells at 39 degrees C and facilitated the intracellular assembly of the class-I molecules and their transport to the cell surface. The possible implication of such heat shock proteins in the anti-tumor effect of hyperthermia is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Black AC, Ruland CT, Yip MT, Luo J, Tran B, Kalsi A, Quan E, Aboud M, Chen IS, Rosenblatt JD. Human T-cell leukemia virus type II Rex binding and activity require an intact splice donor site and a specific RNA secondary structure. J Virol 1991; 65:6645-53. [PMID: 1942248 PMCID: PMC250733 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.65.12.6645-6653.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T-cell leukemia virus type II (HTLV-II) regulatory protein Rex augments cytoplasmic levels of unspliced gag-pol mRNA by acting through a Rex-responsive element (RxRE) in the long terminal repeat. Purified Rex protein binds to long terminal repeat mRNA. Here, using an immunobinding assay to measure the binding of Rex protein to mutated RxRE RNAs, we show that efficient Rex binding requires a stem-bulge-loop RNA secondary structure (nucleotides [nt] 465 to 500) and specific sequences both within the stem-bulge (nt 470 to 476) and within a conserved upstream splice donor site (nt 449 to 455). Rex function in a transient transfection expression system correlates with Rex protein-RxRE RNA binding. The ability of HTLV-II Rex to interact directly with the HTLV-II splice donor site suggests that HTLV-II Rex may increase expression of unspliced gag-pol mRNA, in part, by inhibiting splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Black
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1678
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|