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Robison M, Udupa NS, Abber SR, Duffy A, Riddle M, Manwaring J, Rienecke RD, Westmoreland P, Blalock DV, Le Grange D, Mehler PS, Joiner TE. "Terminal anorexia nervosa" may not be terminal: An empirical evaluation. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 2024; 133:285-296. [PMID: 38619462 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Gaudiani et al. (2022) presented terminal anorexia nervosa (T-AN) as a potential new specifier to the anorexia nervosa (AN) diagnosis, with criteria including (a) AN diagnosis, (b) age > 30 years, (c) previously participated in high-quality care, and (d) the clear, consistent determination by a patient with decision-making capacity that additional treatment would be futile, knowing death will result. This study's purpose was to empirically examine a subgroup of participants with AN who met the first three criteria of T-AN-and a smaller subset who also met a proxy index of the fourth criterion involving death (TD-AN)-and compare them to an adult "not terminal" anorexia nervosa (NT-AN) group and to a "not terminal" subset 30 years of age or older (NTO-AN). Patients at U.S. eating disorder treatment facilities (N = 782; T-AN: n = 51, TD-AN: n = 16, NT-AN: n = 731, NTO-AN: n = 133), all of whom met criteria for a current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition diagnosis of AN, were compared regarding admission, discharge, and changes from admission to discharge on physiological indices (i.e., white blood cell counts, albumin levels, aspartate aminotransferase levels, and body mass index), as well as self-report measures (i.e., eating disorder, depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms). In contrast to the tight syndromal symptom interconnections of, and inevitable spiral toward death expected for, a terminal diagnosis, results suggest substantial variability within the T-AN group and TD-AN subset, and an overall trend of improvement across physiological and self-report measures. This study thus provides some empirical evidence against the specification of the T-AN diagnosis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine
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2
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Manwaring JL, Blalock DV, Duffy A, Le Grange D, Mehler PS, Riddle M, Rienecke RD. An examination of adults with atypical anorexia nervosa at admission to treatment at higher levels of care: An attempt to increase diagnostic clarity. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:848-858. [PMID: 38168753 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious illness with a high mortality rate and multiple physiological complications. The vague definition of atypical AN allows for subjective interpretation. This retrospective study aimed to focus future research on the operational definition of atypical AN by examining four factors associated with atypical AN at admission to higher level of care treatment. METHODS Adults with atypical AN (n = 69) were examined within sample analyses among four groups: (1) >10% versus ≤10% weight loss; (2) weight loss within the previous 3 months versus >3 months; (3) engaging in purging behaviors versus absence of purging behaviors; and (4) endorsing versus not endorsing significant cognitive aspects of AN. RESULTS Patients with atypical AN endorsed elevated ED cognitions on the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and depressive symptoms; a lack of association was found between weight loss severity and weight loss time frame with depressive symptoms, eating concern, and restraint. Purging behavior was associated with a higher expected body weight percentage (%EBW) and dietary restraint, while greater AN cognitions were associated with a higher EBW and weight loss percentage. Few patients demonstrated bradycardia, hypophosphatemia, or amenorrhea. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated the severity of ED cognitions and depressive symptoms in this atypical AN sample and provided directions for future studies in the nosology of atypical AN. It may be important to distinguish between individuals with atypical AN who are purging and those who are not. Atypical AN was associated with a low frequency of physiological disturbances. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This study provides further clarification regarding the operational definition of atypical AN; currently, a constellation of symptoms under Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders. This study was consistent with previous research in reporting severe eating disorder cognitions in adults with atypical AN, and noted the potential importance of distinguishing a purging distinction. A minority of patients in this study had physiological impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Manwaring
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Malnutrition at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Behavioral Health Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan Duffy
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Behavioral Health Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Malnutrition at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Behavioral Health Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Behavioral Health Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Renee D Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Behavioral Health Centers, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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3
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Lee CAA, Wu S, Chow YT, Kofman E, Williams V, Riddle M, Eide C, Ebens CL, Frank MH, Tolar J, Hook KP, AlDubayan SH, Frank NY. Accelerated Aging and Microsatellite Instability in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa-Associated Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00022-8. [PMID: 38272206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severely debilitating disorder caused by mutations in COL7A1 and is characterized by extreme skin fragility, chronic inflammation and fibrosis. A majority of RDEB patients develop squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a highly aggressive skin cancer with limited treatment options currently available. In this study, we utilized an approach leveraging WGS and RNA-seq across three different tissues in a single RDEB patient to gain insight into possible mechanisms of RDEB-associated SCC progression and to identify potential therapeutic options. As a result, we identified PLK-1 as a possible candidate for targeted therapy and discovered microsatellite instability and accelerated aging as factors potentially contributing to the aggressive nature and early onset of RDEB SCC. By integrating multi-tissue genomic and transcriptomic analyses in a single patient, we demonstrate the promise of bridging the gap between genomic research and clinical applications for developing tailored therapies for patients with rare genetic disorders such as RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A A Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuen Ting Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Kofman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valencia Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cindy Eide
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christen L Ebens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristen P Hook
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Saud H AlDubayan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA.
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4
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Ramos TL, Bolivar-Wagers S, Jin S, Thangavelu G, Simonetta F, Lin PY, Hirai T, Saha A, Koehn B, Su LL, Picton LK, Baker J, Lohmeyer JK, Riddle M, Eide C, Tolar J, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Wagner JE, Garcia KC, Negrin RS, Blazar BR. Prevention of acute GVHD using an orthogonal IL-2/IL-2Rβ system to selectively expand regulatory T cells in vivo. Blood 2023; 141:1337-1352. [PMID: 36564052 PMCID: PMC10082364 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative option for patients with hematological disorders and bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity posttransplant. Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapies are efficacious in ameliorating GVHD but limited by variable suppressive capacities and the need for a high therapeutic dose. Here, we sought to expand Treg in vivo by expressing an orthogonal interleukin 2 receptor β (oIL-2Rβ) that would selectively interact with oIL-2 cytokine and not wild-type (WT) IL-2. To test whether the orthogonal system would preferentially drive donor Treg expansion, we used a murine major histocompatibility complex-disparate GVHD model of lethally irradiated BALB/c mice given T cell-depleted BM from C57BL/6 (B6) mice alone or together with B6Foxp3+GFP+ Treg or oIL-2Rβ-transduced Treg at low cell numbers that typically do not control GVHD with WT Treg. On day 2, B6 activated T cells (Tcons) were injected to induce GVHD. Recipients were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or oIL-2 daily for 14 days, then 3 times weekly for an additional 14 days. Mice treated with oIL-2Rβ Treg and oIL-2 compared with those treated with PBS had enhanced GVHD survival, in vivo selective expansion of Tregs, and greater suppression of Tcon expansion in secondary lymphoid organs and intestines. Importantly, oIL-2Rβ Treg maintained graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses in 2 distinct tumor models (A20 and MLL-AF9). These data demonstrate a novel approach to enhance the efficacy of Treg therapy in allo-HSCT using an oIL-2/oIL-2Rβ system that allows for selective in vivo expansion of Treg leading to GVHD protection and GVT maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Ramos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sujeong Jin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Toshihito Hirai
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asim Saha
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Brent Koehn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Leon L. Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Lora K. Picton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Juliane K. Lohmeyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Cindy Eide
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - John E. Wagner
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert S. Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Crone C, Fochtmann LJ, Attia E, Boland R, Escobar J, Fornari V, Golden N, Guarda A, Jackson-Triche M, Manzo L, Mascolo M, Pierce K, Riddle M, Seritan A, Uniacke B, Zucker N, Yager J, Craig TJ, Hong SH, Medicus J. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Eating Disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:167-171. [PMID: 36722117 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.23180001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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6
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Robison M, Rogers ML, Robertson L, Duffy ME, Manwaring J, Riddle M, Rienecke RD, Le Grange D, Duffy A, Plotkin M, Blalock DV, Mehler PS, Joiner TE. Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder and suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114925. [PMID: 37732866 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most DSM-5 eating disorder diagnoses are associated with elevated suicide risk; however, little is known about the relationship between Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) and suicidal ideation. The aim of the current study was to examine suicidal ideation within an adult ARFID sample. Patients with eating disorders (N = 936), some of whom met criteria for a current DSM-5 diagnosis of ARFID (n = 79), completed the Beck Depression Inventory II Item 9, regarding suicidal ideation. The study was conducted within an eating disorder treatment facility that offers inpatient, residential, partial hospitalization program, and intensive outpatient levels of care. Findings suggest no significant pairwise differences in suicidal ideation prevalence between participants with ARFID and those with any other ED diagnosis. Thorough screening for suicidal thoughts and risk among those with ARFID is warranted at all levels of care. We suggest that future research expand upon this work in a larger adult ARFID sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Robison
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 616 Wilson Ave, Apt A, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA.
| | - Megan L Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Lee Robertson
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 616 Wilson Ave, Apt A, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Mary E Duffy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 616 Wilson Ave, Apt A, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Jamie Manwaring
- ACUTE at Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA; Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- ACUTE at Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA; University of Washington Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA
| | - Renee D Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (Emeritus), USA
| | - Alan Duffy
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Millie Plotkin
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE at Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA; Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 616 Wilson Ave, Apt A, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
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7
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Miller W, Pruett CLH, Stone W, Eide C, Riddle M, Popp C, Yousefzadeh M, Lees C, Seelig D, Thompson E, Orr H, Niedernhofer L, Tolar J. Accumulation of senescence observed in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 mouse model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275580. [PMID: 36251631 PMCID: PMC9576077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a trinucleotide CAG repeat. SCA7 predominantly causes a loss of photoreceptors in the retina and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Severe infantile-onset SCA7 also causes renal and cardiac irregularities. Previous reports have shown that SCA7 results in increased susceptibility to DNA damage. Since DNA damage can lead to accumulation of senescent cells, we hypothesized that SCA7 causes an accumulation of senescent cells over the course of disease. A 140-CAG repeat SCA7 mouse model was evaluated for signs of disease-specific involvement in the kidney, heart, and cerebellum, tissues that are commonly affected in the infantile form. We found evidence of significant renal abnormality that coincided with an accumulation of senescent cells in the kidneys of SCA7140Q/5Q mice, based on histology findings in addition to RT-qPCR for the cell cycle inhibitors p16Ink4a and p21Cip1 and senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ßgal) staining, respectively. The Purkinje layer in the cerebellum of SCA7140Q/5Q mice also displayed SA-ßgal+ cells. These novel findings offer evidence that senescent cells accumulate in affected tissues and may possibly contribute to SCA7’s specific phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | | | - William Stone
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Cindy Eide
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Megan Riddle
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Courtney Popp
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Matthew Yousefzadeh
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Christopher Lees
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Davis Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Harry Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Laura Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Joiner TE, Robison M, McClanahan S, Riddle M, Manwaring J, Rienecke RD, Le Grange D, Duffy A, Mehler PS, Blalock DV. Eating disorder behaviors as predictors of suicidal ideation among people with an eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1352-1360. [PMID: 35792367 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidality is known to be elevated among people with an eating disorder. The aim of the current study was to examine whether any of three specific behavioral facets of eating disorders (i.e., purging, binge eating, restricting) would be the strongest predictors of suicidal ideation, controlling for one another, in longitudinal analyses from admission to discharge. We hypothesized that purging, above and beyond restricting or binge eating, would be the most important predictor of suicidal ideation. METHOD In the present study, patients with an eating disorder (N = 936), the majority of whom met criteria for a current DSM-5 diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (n = 560), completed the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) and the Beck Depression Inventory II-Item 9 suicidal ideation index, at admission and again at discharge. The settings were eating disorder treatment facilities offering inpatient, residential, partial hospitalization program (PHP), and intensive outpatient (IOP) levels of care. We pitted EPSI purging, EPSI restriction, and EPSI binge eating against one another in a regression framework predicting discharge suicidal ideation controlling for suicidal ideation at admission. RESULTS EPSI Purging significantly predicted both presence/absence of suicidal ideation (β = .22, t = 2.48, p = .01; OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.05, 1.49]) and intensity of suicidal ideation (β = .04, t = 2.31, p = .02) at discharge, whereas neither EPSI Restricting nor EPSI Binge Eating did (p > .30). DISCUSSION Study results suggest that purging may have particular relevance in estimating suicide risk in patients with an eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Morgan Robison
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Susan McClanahan
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Renee D Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan Duffy
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Eating Recovery Center and Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.,ACUTE at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Riedl JA, Riddle M, Xia L, Eide C, Boull C, Ebens CL, Tolar J. Interrogation of RDEB Epidermal Allografts after BMT Reveals Coexpression of Collagen VII and Keratin 15 with Proinflammatory Immune Cells and Fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2424-2434. [PMID: 35304249 PMCID: PMC9391265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a devastating genodermatosis characterized by dysfunctional collagen VII protein resulting in epithelial blistering of the skin, mucosa, and gastrointestinal tract. There is no cure for RDEB, but improvement of clinical phenotype has been achieved with bone marrow transplantation and subsequent epidermal allografting from the bone marrow transplant donor. Epidermal allografting of these patients has decreased wound surface area for up to 3 years after treatment. This study aimed to determine the phenotype of the epidermal allograft cells responsible for durable persistence of wound healing and skin integrity. We found that epidermal allografts provide basal keratinocytes coexpressing collagen VII and basal stem cell marker keratin 15. Characterization of RDEB full-thickness skin biopsies with single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered proinflammatory immune and fibroblast phenotypes potentially driven by the local environment of RDEB skin. This is further highlighted by the presence of a myofibroblast population, which has not been described in healthy control human skin. Finally, we found inflammatory fibroblasts expressing profibrotic gene POSTN, which may have implications in the development of squamous cell carcinoma, a common, lethal complication of RDEB that lacks curative treatment. In conclusion, this study provides insights into and targets for future RDEB studies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Riedl
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MD/PhD), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lily Xia
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cindy Eide
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christina Boull
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christen L Ebens
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Burton Murray H, Riddle M, Rao F, McCann B, Staller K, Heitkemper M, Zia J. Eating disorder symptoms, including avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14258. [PMID: 34693609 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies show some patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (disorders of gut-brain interaction) may be at risk for or already have an eating disorder (ED). Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) (ED not primarily motivated by body shape/weight concerns) may be particularly relevant but previous studies have been unable to fully apply diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to determine the frequency and nature of the full spectrum of ED symptoms, among adults with disorders of gut-brain interaction. METHODS Adults with disorders of gut-brain interaction (n = 99, 77.1% female, ages 18-82 years) from academic medical center gastroenterology clinics completed a modified ARFID Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program Questionnaire, the ED Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and other self-report measures of depression, generalized anxiety, and pain interference. KEY RESULTS Of the 93 participants who completed the measures, 37 (39.8%) had ARFID symptoms and 12 (12.9%) had clinically significant shape/weight-motivated ED symptoms (EDE-Q-Global ≥4.0). Exploratory comparisons among ARFID, shape/weight-motivated ED, and no-ED groups revealed that ARFID symptom presence was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), and shape/weight-motivated ED presence was associated with higher depression, anxiety, and pain interference. However, the majority (86%) of patients with ARFID symptoms had a BMI >18.5 kg/m2 . CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The full spectrum of ED symptoms was frequent among patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction, particularly ARFID symptoms. Further research is needed to understand risk and maintenance factors to inform prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Eating Recovery Center, Bellevue, Washington, USA
| | - Fatima Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Barbara McCann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kyle Staller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Margaret Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jasmine Zia
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Riddle M, O'Melia AM, Bauschka M. First, do no harm: the proposed definition of "terminal anorexia" is fraught with danger for vulnerable individuals. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:81. [PMID: 35710504 PMCID: PMC9202193 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent article in the Journal of Eating Disorders (10:23, 2022) proposed criteria for "terminal anorexia" with a cited goal of improving access to end-of-life care (Gaudiani et al. in J Eat Disord 10(1):23, 2022). The authors presented three cases in which patients received end-of-life care, including the prescription of medical assistance in dying (MAID), also known as physician-assisted suicide (PAS). The proposed criteria lack the evidence base for adoption and do not acknowledge the compelling evidence that exists surrounding possible prolonged timelines to recovery for some individuals and the nuances of assessing capacity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Anne Marie O'Melia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Maryrose Bauschka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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12
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Walton K, Walker K, Riddle M, Koehn BH, Reff J, Sagatys EM, Linden MA, Pidala J, Kim J, Lee MC, Kiluk JV, Hui JYC, Yun SY, Xing Y, Stefanski H, Lawrence HR, Lawrence NJ, Tolar J, Anasetti C, Blazar BR, Sebti SM, Betts BC. Dual JAK2/Aurora kinase A inhibition prevents human skin graft rejection by allo-inactivation and ILC2-mediated tissue repair. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:717-730. [PMID: 34668635 PMCID: PMC8897228 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of allograft rejection often requires lifelong immune suppression, risking broad impairment of host immunity. Nonselective inhibition of host T cell function increases recipient risk of opportunistic infections and secondary malignancies. Here we demonstrate that AJI-100, a dual inhibitor of JAK2 and Aurora kinase A, ameliorates skin graft rejection by human T cells and provides durable allo-inactivation. AJI-100 significantly reduces the frequency of skin-homing CLA+ donor T cells, limiting allograft invasion and tissue destruction by T effectors. AJI-100 also suppresses pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen yet spares beneficial regulatory T cells. We show dual JAK2/Aurora kinase A blockade enhances human type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) responses, which are capable of tissue repair. ILC2 differentiation mediated by GATA3 requires STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) but is opposed by STAT3. Further, we demonstrate that Aurora kinase A activation correlates with low pSTAT5 in ILC2s. Importantly, AJI-100 maintains pSTAT5 levels in ILC2s by blocking Aurora kinase A and reduces interference by STAT3. Therefore, combined JAK2/Aurora kinase A inhibition is an innovative strategy to merge immune suppression with tissue repair after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Walton
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kirsti Walker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brent H. Koehn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jordan Reff
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Sagatys
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael A. Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph Pidala
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation – Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marie C Lee
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Breast Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John V. Kiluk
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Breast Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Sang Y. Yun
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yan Xing
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather Stefanski
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Harshani R. Lawrence
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Lawrence
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation – Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Said M. Sebti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia USA
| | - Brian C. Betts
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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13
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Stefanski HE, Xing Y, Nicholls J, Jonart L, Goren E, Taylor PA, Mills AA, Riddle M, McGrath J, Tolar J, Hollander GA, Blazar BR. P63 targeted deletion under the FOXN1 promoter disrupts pre-and post-natal thymus development, function and maintenance as well as induces severe hair loss. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261770. [PMID: 35077450 PMCID: PMC8789144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive immune deficiency of aging is characterized by severe thymic atrophy, contracted T cell repertoire, and poor immune function. p63 is critical for the proliferative potential of embryonic and adult stem cells, as well as thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Because p63 null mice experience rapid post-natal lethality due to epidermal and limb morphogenesis defects, studies to define a role for p63 expression in TEC biology focused on embryonic thymus development and in vitro experiments. Since post-natal thymic stromal development and function differs from that of the embryo, we assessed the impact of lineage-restricted p63 loss on pre- and post-natal murine TEC function by generating mice with a loss of p63 function targeted to TEC, termed p63TECko mice. In adult p63TECko mice, severe thymic hypoplasia was observed with a lack in a discernable segregation into medullary and cortical compartments and peripheral T cell lymphopenia. This profound thymic defect was seen in both neonatal as well as embryonic p63TECko mice. In addition to TECs, p63 also plays in important role in the development of stratified epithelium of the skin; lack of p63 results in defects in skin epidermal stratification and differentiation. Interestingly, all adult p63TECko mice lacked hair follicles despite having normal p63 expression in the skin. Together our results show a critical role of TEC p63 in thymic development and maintenance and show that p63 expression is critical for hair follicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Stefanski
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Yan Xing
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jemma Nicholls
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Leslie Jonart
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Emily Goren
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Taylor
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Alea A. Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Megan Riddle
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - John McGrath
- Molecular Dermatology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College, London, England
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Georg A. Hollander
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Children’s Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Tai S, Remark R, Laface I, Del Valle DM, Torres J, Rahman A, Laird RM, Porter C, Riddle M, Murray JA, Choung R, Sato T, Plevy S, Merad M, Colombel J, Gnjatic S, Mortha A. A5 GM-CSF AUTOANTIBODIES: PREDICTORS OF CROHN’S DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a heterogenous, chronic inflammatory disorder driven by a combination of genetic, environmental, and microbiota-dependent risk factors. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) are crucial cells that maintain intestinal homeostasis. An important cytokine for MNP survival and function is granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Interestingly, several studies reported CD-associated genetic risk variants within the GM-CSF receptor and its downstream signaling components. Furthermore, high titers of autoantibodies specific to GM-CSF can be detected in CD patients. Taken together, this data suggests an important role for GM-CSF in abrogation of CD development in a subgroup of patients.
Aims
This study sought to investigate the function of GM-CSF autoantibodies in CD.
Methods
We retrospectively quantified and characterized GM-CSF autoantibodies in sera of 220 CD, 200 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 220 healthy controls (HC) sampled at 3 time points prior to disease diagnosis and one time point after diagnosis. ELISA was used to determine GM-CSF autoantibody titers and isotypes followed by in vitro multiplexed mass cytometry (CyTOF) neutralization assays on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry and CyTOF were used to map the profile of immune cells isolated from inflamed and non-inflamed CD mucosa.
Results
Our data demonstrates that GM-CSF autoantibodies are specific to CD, significantly elevated up to 7 years prior to diagnosis of disease, and correlate with disease location, severity, and complications at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, in contrast to GM-CSF autoantibodies in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis patients, CD-associated autoantibodies neutralize GM-CSF via specific recognition of post-translational modifications (PTM), affecting MNP function. Removal of PTM enabled GM-CSF to escape autoantibody binding and restored MNP response to GM-CSF in the presence of neutralizing antibodies, indicating a potential therapeutic avenue. Furthermore, we identified group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) as a major source of GM-CSF in the healthy intestinal tract, suggesting intriguing crosstalk of MNP and ILC3 across the GM-CSF-GM-CSFR axis.
Conclusions
Our results identify GM-CSF autoantibodies as predictive serological biomarker for CD in a subgroup of patients presenting with severe and complicated form of disease at the time of diagnosis. The presence of GM-CSF autoantibodies precedes the onset of CD by several years and likely abrogates homeostatic immune cell crosstalk involving ILC3 and MNP, suggesting the development of a pre-diseased state in CD patients.
Funding Agencies
CIHRDr. Edward Ketchum Graduate Scholarship
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tai
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Remark
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - I Laface
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - J Torres
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - A Rahman
- Immunomonitoring Core at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - R M Laird
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD
| | - C Porter
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD
| | - M Riddle
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD
| | - J a Murray
- Gastroenterology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R Choung
- Gastroenterology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - T Sato
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ
| | - S Plevy
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ
| | - M Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - J Colombel
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - S Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - A Mortha
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Lebin LG, Riddle M, Chang S, Soeprono T. Continuing the Quiet Revolution: Developing Introverted Leaders in Academic Psychiatry. Acad Psychiatry 2019; 43:516-520. [PMID: 30919265 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-019-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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16
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Twaroski K, Eide C, Riddle M, Lees C, Mathews W, Keene D, McGrath J, Tolar J. 396 Revertant mosaic fibroblasts in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Kwan JM, Daye D, Schmidt ML, Conlon CM, Kim H, Gaonkar B, Payne AS, Riddle M, Madera S, Adami AJ, Winter KQ. Exploring intentions of physician-scientist trainees: factors influencing MD and MD/PhD interest in research careers. BMC Med Educ 2017; 17:115. [PMID: 28697782 PMCID: PMC5505137 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-0954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have described the career paths of physician-scientist candidates after graduation, but the factors that influence career choices at the candidate stage remain unclear. Additionally, previous work has focused on MD/PhDs, despite many physician-scientists being MDs. This study sought to identify career sector intentions, important factors in career selection, and experienced and predicted obstacles to career success that influence the career choices of MD candidates, MD candidates with research-intense career intentions (MD-RI), and MD/PhD candidates. METHODS A 70-question survey was administered to students at 5 academic medical centers with Medical Scientist Training Programs (MSTPs) and Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) from the NIH. Data were analyzed using bivariate or multivariate analyses. RESULTS More MD/PhD and MD-RI candidates anticipated or had experienced obstacles related to balancing academic and family responsibilities and to balancing clinical, research, and education responsibilities, whereas more MD candidates indicated experienced and predicted obstacles related to loan repayment. MD/PhD candidates expressed higher interest in basic and translational research compared to MD-RI candidates, who indicated more interest in clinical research. Overall, MD-RI candidates displayed a profile distinct from both MD/PhD and MD candidates. CONCLUSIONS MD/PhD and MD-RI candidates experience obstacles that influence their intentions to pursue academic medical careers from the earliest training stage, obstacles which differ from those of their MD peers. The differences between the aspirations of and challenges facing MD, MD-RI and MD/PhD candidates present opportunities for training programs to target curricula and support services to ensure the career development of successful physician-scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kwan
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA.
- Internal Medicine Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
| | - Dania Daye
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Mary Lou Schmidt
- Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Claudia Morrissey Conlon
- United States Agency for International Development, Washington, USA
- Saving Mothers, Giving Life, Washington, USA
| | - Hajwa Kim
- Center for Clinical Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Aimee S Payne
- Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Sharline Madera
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Alexander J Adami
- American Physician Scientists Association, Westford, MA, USA
- MD/PhD Program, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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18
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Riddle M, Meeks T, Alvarez C, Dubovsky A. The Authors Reply, "When Personality Is the Problem: Managing Patients With Difficult Personalities on the Acute Care Unit". J Hosp Med 2017; 12:201. [PMID: 28272602 DOI: 10.12788/jhm.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Riddle
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy Meeks
- Department of Clinical Education, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carrol Alvarez
- Department of Clinical Education, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amelia Dubovsky
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Clinical Education, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Riddle M, Meeks T, Alvarez C, Dubovsky A. When personality is the problem: Managing patients with difficult personalities on the acute care unit. J Hosp Med 2016; 11:873-878. [PMID: 27610608 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Personality disorders are pervasive patterns of maladaptive behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that often go unrecognized and can wreak havoc in the patient's interpersonal life. These inflexible patterns of managing the world can be disruptive when an individual is admitted to the hospital, causing distress for both the patient who lacks the skills to deal with the expectations of the hospital environment and the treatment team who can feel ill equipped to manage such behavior. Having a personality disorder has implications for an individual's healthcare outcomes; those with a personality disorder have a life expectancy nearly 2 decades shorter than the general population for a multitude of reasons, among them trouble interacting with the healthcare system. Although a diagnosis of a specific personality disorder may be difficult to make on an acute care unit, identification of dysfunctional personality structures can provide opportunity for better management of an individual patient's medical and psychological needs. This review focuses on the identification of these individuals in the acute care setting and provides an overview of evidence-based behavioral and pharmacological interventions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:873-878. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Riddle
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy Meeks
- Department of Clinical Education, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carrol Alvarez
- Department of Clinical Education, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amelia Dubovsky
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Clinical Education, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
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Watt SA, Dayal JHS, Wright S, Riddle M, Pourreyron C, McMillan JR, Kimble RM, Prisco M, Gartner U, Warbrick E, McLean WHI, Leigh IM, McGrath JA, Salas-Alanis JC, Tolar J, South AP. Lysyl Hydroxylase 3 Localizes to Epidermal Basement Membrane and Is Reduced in Patients with Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137639. [PMID: 26380979 PMCID: PMC4575209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is caused by mutations in COL7A1 resulting in reduced or absent type VII collagen, aberrant anchoring fibril formation and subsequent dermal-epidermal fragility. Here, we identify a significant decrease in PLOD3 expression and its encoded protein, the collagen modifying enzyme lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3), in RDEB. We show abundant LH3 localising to the basement membrane in normal skin which is severely depleted in RDEB patient skin. We demonstrate expression is in-part regulated by endogenous type VII collagen and that, in agreement with previous studies, even small reductions in LH3 expression lead to significantly less secreted LH3 protein. Exogenous type VII collagen did not alter LH3 expression in cultured RDEB keratinocytes and we show that RDEB patients receiving bone marrow transplantation who demonstrate significant increase in type VII collagen do not show increased levels of LH3 at the basement membrane. Our data report a direct link between LH3 and endogenous type VII collagen expression concluding that reduction of LH3 at the basement membrane in patients with RDEB will likely have significant implications for disease progression and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Watt
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sheila Wright
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Riddle
- Stem Cell Institute and Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Celine Pourreyron
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - James R. McMillan
- The Centre for Children’s Burns Research, Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roy M. Kimble
- The Centre for Children’s Burns Research, Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marco Prisco
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Gartner
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Warbrick
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - W. H. Irwin McLean
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Irene M. Leigh
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John A. McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, United Kingdom
| | - Julio C. Salas-Alanis
- Basic Sciences Department, Medicine School, University of Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Stem Cell Institute and Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. South
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Tolar J, Xia L, Lees CJ, Riddle M, McElroy A, Keene DR, Lund TC, Osborn MJ, Marinkovich MP, Blazar BR, Wagner JE. Keratinocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:562-5. [PMID: 22931927 PMCID: PMC3514565 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lily Xia
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chris J Lees
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amber McElroy
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Microimaging Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Troy C Lund
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Osborn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - M. Peter Marinkovich
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA, and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John E Wagner
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether fasting plasma glucose values measured early during insulin therapy can identify patients with Type 2 diabetes who may not achieve adequate glycaemic control after 6 months and will require additional treatment. METHODS Patient-level data from seven prospective, randomized, controlled studies using treat-to-target methods were pooled to evaluate the efficacy of insulin glargine. Fasting plasma glucose was measured at baseline, week 6 or 8 (6/8) and week 12. HbA(1c) was measured at week 24 to assess glycaemic control. RESULTS One thousand and thirty-six patients (56% male, 81% white) were included in the analysis (mean age 56.3 years; duration of diabetes 8.4 years). Baseline mean fasting plasma glucose was 11.2 mmol/l and mean HbA(1c) was 73 mmol/mol (8.8%). After 24 weeks of treatment, mean HbA(1c) decreased to 53 mmol/mol (7.0%); 56% of patients reached a target HbA(1c) ≤ 53 mmol/mol (7.0%). Significant correlations with week 24 HbA(1c) were obtained for fasting plasma glucose measured at week 6/8 and week 12 (r = 0.32; P < 0.0001 for both). Patients with fasting plasma glucose > 10 mmol/l at week 6/8 or week 12 were significantly less likely to achieve the HbA(1c) target at the end of treatment than patients with fasting plasma glucose < 8.9 mmol/l (P < 0.0001 for both). If fasting plasma glucose was > 10 mmol/l at week 6/8 or week 12, patients had only a 27% chance of reaching the HbA(1c) goal. CONCLUSIONS Fasting plasma glucose remaining > 10 mmol/l after 6-12 weeks of glargine therapy indicates that reaching target HbA(1c) ≤ 53 mmol/mol (7.0%) is unlikely and calls for individualized attention to consider further therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karl
- The Endocrine Clinic, Portland, OR 97216, USA.
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Schirillo J, Riddle M, Tokunaga R. Size makes a difference: Estimating lightness and luminance contrast with real light. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Kaplan G, Galea S, Riddle M. O4-2.4 Complexity, epidemiology and the understanding of "what if". Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976b.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bordeleau L, Dagenais G, Yakubovich N, Yusuf S, Probstfield J, Riddle M, Ryden L, Xu L, Bosch J, Gerstein H. Incident cancers in people with dysglycemia and other cardiovascular risk factors: Cohort study of the ORIGIN trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Marty M, Pollak M, Cameron D, Riddle M, Charbonnel B, Barnett AH, Boffetta P, Boivin JF, Evans M, Rossignol M, Benichou J, Abenhaim L. The international study of insulin and cancer. Lancet 2010; 376:769-70. [PMID: 20816540 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Schirillo J, Riddle M, Tokunaga R, Logvinenko A. Can luminance contrast be estimated with real light? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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28
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Wang Y, Adamczyk A, Shugart YY, Samuels JF, Grados MA, Greenberg BD, Knowles JA, McCracken JT, Rauch SL, Murphy DL, Rasmussen SA, Cullen B, Pinto A, Fyer AJ, Piacentini J, Pauls DL, Bienvenu OJ, Riddle M, Liang KY, Valle D, Wang T, Nestadt G. A screen of SLC1A1 for OCD-related alleles. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:675-679. [PMID: 19569082 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SLC1A1, which encodes the neuronal and epithelial glutamate transporter, is a promising candidate gene for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this study, we conducted capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) screen for all 12 identified exons, including all coding regions and approximately 50 bp of flanking introns of the human SLC1A1 in 378 OCD-affected individuals. Full sequencing was completed on samples that showed an aberrant SSCP tracing for identification of the underlying sequence variants. Our aim was to determine if there are differences in the frequencies of relatively common alleles, or rare functional alleles, in 378 OCD cases and 281 ethnically matched controls. We identified one nonsynonymous coding SNP (c.490A > G, T164A) and three synonymous coding SNP (c.81G > C, A27A; c.414A > G, T138T; c.1110T > C, T370T) in case samples. We found no statistical differences in genotype and allele frequencies of common cSNPs in SLC1A1 between the OCD cases and controls. The rare variant T164A was found only in one family. Further investigation of this variant is necessary to determine whether and how it is related to OCD. There was no other evidence of significant accumulation of deleterious coding mutations in SLC1A1 in the OCD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A Adamczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mckusick-Nathan Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Y Y Shugart
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J F Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M A Grados
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - B D Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - J A Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - J T McCracken
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - S L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D L Murphy
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - S A Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - B Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - A J Fyer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J Piacentini
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - D L Pauls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - O J Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - K Y Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D Valle
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mckusick-Nathan Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mckusick-Nathan Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Werren JH, Richards S, Desjardins CA, Niehuis O, Gadau J, Colbourne JK, Werren JH, Richards S, Desjardins CA, Niehuis O, Gadau J, Colbourne JK, Beukeboom LW, Desplan C, Elsik CG, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Kitts P, Lynch JA, Murphy T, Oliveira DCSG, Smith CD, van de Zande L, Worley KC, Zdobnov EM, Aerts M, Albert S, Anaya VH, Anzola JM, Barchuk AR, Behura SK, Bera AN, Berenbaum MR, Bertossa RC, Bitondi MMG, Bordenstein SR, Bork P, Bornberg-Bauer E, Brunain M, Cazzamali G, Chaboub L, Chacko J, Chavez D, Childers CP, Choi JH, Clark ME, Claudianos C, Clinton RA, Cree AG, Cristino AS, Dang PM, Darby AC, de Graaf DC, Devreese B, Dinh HH, Edwards R, Elango N, Elhaik E, Ermolaeva O, Evans JD, Foret S, Fowler GR, Gerlach D, Gibson JD, Gilbert DG, Graur D, Gründer S, Hagen DE, Han Y, Hauser F, Hultmark D, Hunter HC, Hurst GDD, Jhangian SN, Jiang H, Johnson RM, Jones AK, Junier T, Kadowaki T, Kamping A, Kapustin Y, Kechavarzi B, Kim J, Kim J, Kiryutin B, Koevoets T, Kovar CL, Kriventseva EV, Kucharski R, Lee H, Lee SL, Lees K, Lewis LR, Loehlin DW, Logsdon JM, Lopez JA, Lozado RJ, Maglott D, Maleszka R, Mayampurath A, Mazur DJ, McClure MA, Moore AD, Morgan MB, Muller J, Munoz-Torres MC, Muzny DM, Nazareth LV, Neupert S, Nguyen NB, Nunes FMF, Oakeshott JG, Okwuonu GO, Pannebakker BA, Pejaver VR, Peng Z, Pratt SC, Predel R, Pu LL, Ranson H, Raychoudhury R, Rechtsteiner A, Reese JT, Reid JG, Riddle M, Robertson HM, Romero-Severson J, Rosenberg M, Sackton TB, Sattelle DB, Schlüns H, Schmitt T, Schneider M, Schüler A, Schurko AM, Shuker DM, Simões ZLP, Sinha S, Smith Z, Solovyev V, Souvorov A, Springauf A, Stafflinger E, Stage DE, Stanke M, Tanaka Y, Telschow A, Trent C, Vattathil S, Verhulst EC, Viljakainen L, Wanner KW, Waterhouse RM, Whitfield JB, Wilkes TE, Williamson M, Willis JH, Wolschin F, Wyder S, Yamada T, Yi SV, Zecher CN, Zhang L, Gibbs RA. Functional and evolutionary insights from the genomes of three parasitoid Nasonia species. Science 2010; 327:343-8. [PMID: 20075255 DOI: 10.1126/science.1178028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.
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Rosenstock J, Fonseca V, McGill JB, Riddle M, Hallé JP, Hramiak I, Johnston P, Davis M. Similar risk of malignancy with insulin glargine and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: findings from a 5 year randomised, open-label study. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1971-3. [PMID: 19609501 PMCID: PMC2723677 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Rosenstock
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX USA
- Dallas Diabetes and Endocrine Center at Medical City, 7777 Forest Lane C-685, Dallas, TX 75230 USA
| | - V. Fonseca
- Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - J. B. McGill
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - M. Riddle
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | | | - I. Hramiak
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | | | - M. Davis
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
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Tolar J, Braunlin E, Riddle M, Peacock B, McElmurry RT, Orchard PJ, Blazar BR. Gender-related dimorphism in aortic insufficiency in murine mucopolysaccharidosis type I. J Heart Valve Dis 2009; 18:524-529. [PMID: 20099693 PMCID: PMC3541017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type I/H; MPS I/H) is a lethal heritable enzymopathy that leads to an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and dysfunction of multiple organs of the body, including the heart. As gender-related differences are common in heart disease and a murine model for mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) has been used for the preclinical evaluation of strategies to correct heart valve disease in Hurler syndrome, the study aim was to determine the impact of gender on heart disease in the murine MPSI model. METHODS Murine hearts were examined by high-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy, the tissue and urinary contents of GAGs were measured, and the quantitative reverse transcribed ribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction for metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 and -12 determined. RESULTS In MPSI mice, aortic insufficiency (AI) in conjunction with depressed myocardial function was observed significantly more often in males than females. Neither the total body GAG burden nor myocardial GAG content was responsible for this difference. In contrast, in the aorta the expression of extracellular matrix tissue MMP-12, but not MMP-9, was significantly elevated in males with AI when compared to females with AI. CONCLUSION Gender-related dimorphism occurs in cardiac valvular disease in MPSI mice. Male MPSI mice showed an increased incidence of AI associated with an increase in the MMP-12 content of the aortic arch. The evaluation of findings in relation to gender is important in the experimental treatment of murine models of disease, so that gender-related variations in genetic penetrance are not mistaken for disease correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tolar
- Divisions of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Rosenstock J, Fonseca V, McGill JB, Riddle M, Hallé JP, Hramiak I, Johnston P, Davis M. Similar progression of diabetic retinopathy with insulin glargine and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a long-term, randomised, open-label study. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1778-88. [PMID: 19526210 PMCID: PMC2723680 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This long-term study was designed to further characterise the retinal safety profile of insulin glargine and human neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS An open-label, 5 year, randomised (1:1), multicentre, stratified, parallel-group study conducted in the USA and Canada enrolled individuals with type 2 diabetes and either no or non-proliferative retinopathy (less than severe; Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] level less than 53 in both eyes) who were treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) alone, insulin alone or OHAs with insulin for >/=3 months prior to study entry and a baseline HbA(1c) level of 6.0-12.0%. Patients were randomised by the investigator according to the centralised interactive voice response system to receive twice-daily NPH insulin (n = 509) or once-daily basal insulin glargine (n = 515). The investigator was not blinded to the treatment group to which each participant had been assigned. The main objective of this study was to compare the progression of diabetic retinopathy between treatment groups by analysing the percentage of patients with three or more step progression in the ETDRS retinopathy patient-level severity scale after treatment with either basal insulin. Masked, centralised grading of seven-field stereoscopic fundus photographs was used. RESULTS Similarly sustained glycaemic control was observed in both the insulin glargine and NPH insulin treatment groups. Despite a slightly greater severity of diabetic retinopathy for the insulin glargine group at baseline, three or more step progression in ETDRS score from baseline to end-of-study was similar between treatment groups (14.2% [53/374] of insulin glargine-treated patients vs 15.7% [57/363] of NPH-treated patients); the difference in the incidence of progression was -1.98% (95% CI -7.02, 3.06%). Other measures of retinopathy-the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and progression to clinically significant macular oedema-occurred to a similar degree in both treatment groups. No other safety issues, such as unexpected adverse events for either insulin emerged during the 5 year study. However, NPH insulin treatment was associated with a higher incidence of severe hypoglycaemia compared with insulin glargine. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study shows no evidence of a greater risk of the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy with insulin glargine vs NPH insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00174824 FUNDING This study was sponsored by sanofi-aventis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rosenstock
- Dallas Diabetes and Endocrine Center at Medical City, 7777 Forest Lane C-685, Dallas, TX, 75230, USA.
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Bienvenu OJ, Wang Y, Shugart YY, Welch JM, Grados MA, Fyer AJ, Rauch SL, McCracken JT, Rasmussen SA, Murphy DL, Cullen B, Valle D, Hoehn-Saric R, Greenberg BD, Pinto A, Knowles JA, Piacentini J, Pauls DL, Liang KY, Willour VL, Riddle M, Samuels JF, Feng G, Nestadt G. Sapap3 and pathological grooming in humans: Results from the OCD collaborative genetics study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:710-20. [PMID: 19051237 PMCID: PMC10885776 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SAP90/PSD95-associated protein (SAPAP) family proteins are post-synaptic density (PSD) components that interact with other proteins to form a key scaffolding complex at excitatory (glutamatergic) synapses. A recent study found that mice with a deletion of the Sapap3 gene groomed themselves excessively, exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors, and had cortico-striatal synaptic defects, all of which were preventable with lentiviral-mediated expression of Sapap3 in the striatum; the behavioral abnormalities were also reversible with fluoxetine. In the current study, we sought to determine whether variation within the human Sapap3 gene was associated with grooming disorders (GDs: pathologic nail biting, pathologic skin picking, and/or trichotillomania) and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 383 families thoroughly phenotyped for OCD genetic studies. We conducted family-based association analyses using the FBAT and GenAssoc statistical packages. Thirty-two percent of the 1,618 participants met criteria for a GD, and 65% met criteria for OCD. Four of six SNPs were nominally associated (P < 0.05) with at least one GD (genotypic relative risks: 1.6-3.3), and all three haplotypes were nominally associated with at least one GD (permuted P < 0.05). None of the SNPs or haplotypes were significantly associated with OCD itself. We conclude that Sapap3 is a promising functional candidate gene for human GDs, though further work is necessary to confirm this preliminary evidence of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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Wang Y, Samuels JF, Chang YC, Grados MA, Greenberg BD, Knowles JA, McCracken JT, Rauch SL, Murphy DL, Rasmussen SA, Cullen B, Hoehn-Saric R, Pinto A, Fyer AJ, Piacentini J, Pauls DL, Bienvenu OJ, Riddle M, Shugart YY, Liang KY, Nestadt G. Gender differences in genetic linkage and association on 11p15 in obsessive-compulsive disorder families. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:33-40. [PMID: 18425788 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical and genetic studies have reported gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previously, we conducted a linkage genome scan using multipoint allele-sharing methods to test for linkage in 219 families participating in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study. When these families were stratified by proband's gender, suggestive linkage to chromosome 11p15 at marker D11S2362 (KAC(all) = 2.92, P = 0.00012) was detected in families with male probands, but not in the ones with female probands. We have since conducted fine mapping with a denser microsatellite marker panel in the region of 11p15, and detected a significant linkage signal at D11S4146 (KAC(all) = 5.08, P < 0.00001) in the families of male probands. Subsequently, 632 SNPs were genotyped spanning a 4.0 Mb region of the 1 LOD unit interval surrounding the linkage peak in the original families and an additional 165 families. Six SNPs were associated with OCD (P < 0.001): two SNPs were identified when all the families were included, and four SNPs only in male proband families. No SNP showed significant association with the OCD phenotype only in the families with a female proband. The results suggest a possible gender effect in the etiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Rosenstock J, Fonseca V, Dain M, Riddle M. Estimating number-needed-to-treat to avoid hypoglycaemic episodes in people with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing once-daily insulin glargine with twice-daily NPH insulin. Can J Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(09)33016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Protein cysteine thiols can be divided into four groups based on their reactivities: those that form permanent structural disulfide bonds, those that coordinate with metals, those that remain in the reduced state, and those that are susceptible to reversible oxidation. Physicochemical parameters of oxidation-susceptible protein thiols were organized into a database named the Balanced Oxidation Susceptible Cysteine Thiol Database (BALOSCTdb). BALOSCTdb contains 161 cysteine thiols that undergo reversible oxidation and 161 cysteine thiols that are not susceptible to oxidation. Each cysteine was represented by a set of 12 parameters, one of which was a label (1/0) to indicate whether its thiol moiety is susceptible to oxidation. A computer program (the C4.5 decision tree classifier re-implemented as the J48 classifier) segregated cysteines into oxidation-susceptible and oxidation-non-susceptible classes. The classifier selected three parameters critical for prediction of thiol oxidation susceptibility: (1) distance to the nearest cysteine sulfur atom, (2) solvent accessibility, and (3) pKa. The classifier was optimized to correctly predict 136 of the 161 cysteine thiols susceptible to oxidation. Leave-one-out cross-validation analysis showed that the percent of correctly classified cysteines was 80.1% and that 16.1% of the oxidation-susceptible cysteine thiols were incorrectly classified. The algorithm developed from these parameters, named the Cysteine Oxidation Prediction Algorithm (COPA), is presented here. COPA prediction of oxidation-susceptible sites can be utilized to locate protein cysteines susceptible to redox-mediated regulation and identify possible enzyme catalytic sites with reactive cysteine thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
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Tolar J, Nauta AJ, Osborn MJ, Panoskaltsis Mortari A, McElmurry RT, Bell S, Xia L, Zhou N, Riddle M, Schroeder TM, Westendorf JJ, McIvor RS, Hogendoorn PCW, Szuhai K, Oseth L, Hirsch B, Yant SR, Kay MA, Peister A, Prockop DJ, Fibbe WE, Blazar BR. Sarcoma derived from cultured mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2006; 25:371-9. [PMID: 17038675 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To study the biodistribution of MSCs, we labeled adult murine C57BL/6 MSCs with firefly luciferase and DsRed2 fluorescent protein using nonviral Sleeping Beauty transposons and coinfused labeled MSCs with bone marrow into irradiated allogeneic recipients. Using in vivo whole-body imaging, luciferase signals were shown to be increased between weeks 3 and 12. Unexpectedly, some mice with the highest luciferase signals died and all surviving mice developed foci of sarcoma in their lungs. Two mice also developed sarcomas in their extremities. Common cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in tumor cells isolated from different animals. Original MSC cultures not labeled with transposons, as well as independently isolated cultured MSCs, were found to be cytogenetically abnormal. Moreover, primary MSCs derived from the bone marrow of both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed cytogenetic aberrations after several passages in vitro, showing that transformation was not a strain-specific nor rare event. Clonal evolution was observed in vivo, suggesting that the critical transformation event(s) occurred before infusion. Mapping of the transposition insertion sites did not identify an obvious transposon-related genetic abnormality, and p53 was not overexpressed. Infusion of MSC-derived sarcoma cells resulted in malignant lesions in secondary recipients. This new sarcoma cell line, S1, is unique in having a cytogenetic profile similar to human sarcoma and contains bioluminescent and fluorescent genes, making it useful for investigations of cellular biodistribution and tumor response to therapy in vivo. More importantly, our study indicates that sarcoma can evolve from MSC cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Tolar J, O'shaughnessy MJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, McElmurry RT, Bell S, Riddle M, McIvor RS, Yant SR, Kay MA, Krause D, Verfaillie CM, Blazar BR. Host factors that impact the biodistribution and persistence of multipotent adult progenitor cells. Blood 2006; 107:4182-8. [PMID: 16410448 PMCID: PMC1895284 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are marrow-derived pluripotent stem cells with a broad differentiation potential. We sought to identify factors that affect adoptively transferred MAPCs. In vitro, MAPCs expressed low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, failed to stimulate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell alloresponses, and were targets of NK cytolysis. To study in vivo biodistribution, we labeled MAPCs with luciferase for sequential quantification of bioluminescence and DsRed2 for immunohistochemical analysis. C57BL /6 MAPCs were infused intravenously into C57BL /6, Rag-2(-/-) (T- and B-cell-deficient), and Rag-2(-/-)/IL-2Rgamma(c)(-/-) (T-, B-, and NK-cell-deficient) mice. In C57BL /6 mice, MAPCs were transiently detected only in the chest compared with long-term persistence in T- and B-cell-deficient mice. NK depletion reduced MAPC elimination. Because the lungs were the major uptake site after intravenous injection, intra-arterial injections were tested and found to result in more widespread biodistribution. Widespread MAPC biodistribution and long-term persistence were seen in irradiated recipients given allogeneic marrow and MAPCs; such MAPCs expressed MHC class I antigens in tissues. Our data indicate that the biodistribution and persistence of reporter gene-labeled MAPCs are maximized after intra-arterial delivery or host irradiation and that T cells, B cells, and NK cells contribute to in vivo MAPC rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tolar
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, MMC 366, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Braunlin E, Mackey-Bojack S, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Berry JM, McElmurry RT, Riddle M, Sun LY, Clarke LA, Tolar J, Blazar BR. Cardiac functional and histopathologic findings in humans and mice with mucopolysaccharidosis type I: implications for assessment of therapeutic interventions in hurler syndrome. Pediatr Res 2006; 59:27-32. [PMID: 16326988 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000190579.24054.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type I [MPS I]) is a uniformly lethal autosomal recessive storage disease caused by absence of the enzyme alpha-l-iduronidase (IDUA), which is involved in lysosomal degradation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Cardiomyopathy and valvar insufficiency occur as GAGs accumulate in the myocardium, spongiosa of cardiac valves, and myointima of coronary arteries. Here we report the functional, biochemical, and morphologic cardiac findings in the MPS I mouse. We compare the cardiac functional and histopathological findings in the mouse to human MPS I. In MPS I mice, we have noted aortic insufficiency, increased left ventricular size, and decreased ventricular function. Aortic and mitral valves are thickened and the aortic root is dilated. However, murine MPS I is not identical to human MPS I. Myointimal proliferation of epicardial coronary arteries is unique to human MPS I, whereas dilation of aortic root appears unique to murine MPS I. Despite the differences between murine and human MPS I, the murine model provides reliable in vivo outcome parameters, such as thickened and insufficient aortic valves and depressed cardiac function that can be followed to assess the impact of therapeutic interventions in preclinical studies in Hurler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Braunlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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Riddle M, Giles K, Cottrell S, Maddison J, Connell G. 462 The Cystic Fibrosis siblings study. J Cyst Fibros 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(06)80388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tolar J, Osborn M, Bell S, McElmurry R, Xia L, Riddle M, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Jiang Y, McIvor RS, Contag CH, Yant SR, Kay MA, Verfaillie CM, Blazar BR. Real-Time in Vivo Imaging of Stem Cells Following Transgenesis by Transposition. Mol Ther 2005; 12:42-8. [PMID: 15963919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 02/26/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified Sleeping Beauty transposons as efficient vectors for nonviral gene delivery in mammalian cells. However, studies demonstrating the usefulness of transposons as gene delivery vehicles into adult stem cells are lacking. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) are nonhematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to form most, if not all, cell types of the body and as such hold great therapeutic potential. The whole-body biodistribution and persistence of MAPC are unknown, and such data would help direct clinical applications. We have nucleofected murine MAPC with two plasmid-based Sleeping Beauty transposons encoding the red fluorescent protein (DsRed2) and firefly luciferase. Transgenic euploid MAPC clones maintained their characteristic multilineage differentiation potential in vitro. DsRed2 and luciferase expression allowed for MAPC detection in vivo and in tissue sections. To confirm that transgenesis occurred by transposition into the genome of MAPC, we mapped Sleeping Beauty transposon integration sites in two MAPC clones using splinkerette PCR. This novel dual-reporter imaging approach based on the transgenesis of MAPC with Sleeping Beauty transposons sheds light on the homing patterns of MAPC and paves the way for quantification of MAPC engraftment in real time in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to present the situation of Haitian amputees and to outline some of the major barriers in Haiti that prevent people from receiving prosthetic treatment. METHOD Interviews were conducted with amputees throughout Haiti using a 42-question questionnaire. Additionally, interviews were conducted with traditional healers, health care workers, and leaders of handicap associations. Each interview was manuscripted and the data were subsequently coded and analysed in the USA. RESULTS There are three full-time prosthetic shops and two part-time prosthetic shops in Haiti, all of which are severely limited in the scope of services they are able to provide amputees due to insufficient supplies and inadequately trained personnel. Only 25% of the 164 amputees interviewed had ever had a prosthetic limb. Typically prosthetic treatment is inaccessible and unaffordable for amputees, which prevents many from seeking treatment. The most common cause of amputation in Haiti is infection, followed by motor vehicle accidents. CONCLUSION There must be additional cooperation between Haitian patients, doctors, traditional healers, prosthetists, and government officials in order to provide more adequate prosthetic care. Prosthetic treatment in Haiti can be successful with cooperation of different entities, proper rehabilitation therapy, adequately trained personnel, and development of culturally appropriate limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bigelow
- Healing Hands for Haiti Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Duquesne S, Riddle M. Biological monitoring of heavy-metal contamination in coastal waters off Casey Station, Windmill Islands, East Antarctica. Polar Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-001-0328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dvorak CM, Hall DJ, Hill M, Riddle M, Pranter A, Dillman J, Deibel M, Palmenberg AC. Leader protein of encephalomyocarditis virus binds zinc, is phosphorylated during viral infection, and affects the efficiency of genome translation. Virology 2001; 290:261-71. [PMID: 11883190 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is the prototype member of the cardiovirus genus of picornaviruses. For cardioviruses and the related aphthoviruses, the first protein segment translated from the plus-strand RNA genome is the Leader protein. The aphthovirus Leader (173-201 amino acids) is an autocatalytic papain-like protease that cleaves translation factor eIF-4G to shut off cap-dependent host protein synthesis during infection. The less characterized cardioviral Leader is a shorter protein (67-76 amino acids) and does not contain recognizable proteolytic motifs. Instead, these Leaders have sequences consistent with N-terminal zinc-binding motifs, centrally located tyrosine kinase phosphorylation sites, and C-terminal, acid-rich domains. Deletion mutations, removing the zinc motif, the acid domain, or both domains, were engineered into EMCV cDNAs. In all cases, the mutations gave rise to viable viruses, but the plaque phenotypes in HeLa cells were significantly smaller than for wild-type virus. RNA transcripts containing the Leader deletions had reduced capacity to direct protein synthesis in cell-free extracts and the products with deletions in the acid-rich domains were less effective substrates at the L/P1 site, for viral proteinase 3Cpro. Recombinant EMCV Leader (rL) was expressed in bacteria and purified to homogeneity. This protein bound zinc stoichiometrically, whereas protein with a deletion in the zinc motif was inactive. Polyclonal mouse sera, raised against rL, immunoprecipitated Leader-containing precursors from infected HeLa cell extracts, but did not detect significant pools of the mature Leader. However, additional reactions with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies show that the mature Leader, but not its precursors, is phosphorylated during viral infection. The data suggest the natural Leader may play a role in regulation of viral genome translation, perhaps through a triggering phosphorylation event.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Dvorak
- Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Liess M, Champeau O, Riddle M, Schulz R, Duquesne S. Combined effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and food shortage on the sensitivity of the Antarctic amphipod Paramoera walkeri to copper. Environ Toxicol Chem 2001; 20:2088-2092. [PMID: 11521839 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620200931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Investigations on the combined effects of ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation and anthropogenic toxicants have focused primarily on the chemical interactions between UV-B and organic compounds. Only a few studies have examined whether exposure to UV-B changes sensitivity to toxicants. This question is addressed in a laboratory study using the common shoreline Antarctic amphipod Paramoera walkeri and exposure to environmentally realistic levels of copper, UV-B radiation, and food shortage. Exposure to copper for 21 d in the absence of any additional stressors (food present, no UV-B) showed a lowest observable effective concentration (LOEC) of greater than 100 microg Cu/L. Exposure to copper and UV-B in combination, with no shortage of food, resulted in a LOEC of 45 microg Cu/L. When exposed to copper and UV-B, with shortage of food, a LOEC of 3 microg Cu/L was recorded. Hence, the combination of environmental stress from exposure to UV-B radiation and shortage of food increases the sensitivity of P. walkeri to copper more than 30-fold. Increased metabolic energy requirements for defense mechanisms in response to toxicants and UV-B are discussed as possible explanations. It is concluded that consideration of environmental stressors in combination with toxicants increases the accuracy of ecological risk assessments of toxicants and should be part of the process for developing guidelines for ecologically acceptable concentrations of contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liess
- Department of Chemical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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Nestadt G, Lan T, Samuels J, Riddle M, Bienvenu OJ, Liang KY, Hoehn-Saric R, Cullen B, Grados M, Beaty TH, Shugart YY. Complex segregation analysis provides compelling evidence for a major gene underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder and for heterogeneity by sex. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:1611-6. [PMID: 11058433 PMCID: PMC1287940 DOI: 10.1086/316898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2000] [Accepted: 10/10/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from twin and family studies supports a genetic etiology for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of this study was to test whether a major gene is implicated in a proportion of families with OCD. Complex segregation analyses of 153 families (80 case and 73 control), ascertained in the Johns Hopkins OCD Family Study, provided strong evidence for a major gene. A Mendelian-dominant model, with significant sex effects and with residual familial effects, best explained the observed data. Stratification of the sample by the sex of probands provided further evidence of heterogeneity with respect to familial aggregation. Segregation analyses of 86 families with a female proband and of the 67 families with a male proband suggested that a Mendelian-dominant model with familial residual effects was the most parsimonious model explaining the inheritance of OCD in both subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Duquesne S, Riddle M, Schulz R, Liess M. Effects of contaminants in the Antarctic environment - potential of the gammarid amphipod crustacean Paramorea walkeri as a biological indicator for Antarctic ecosystems based on toxicity and bioacccumulation of copper and cadmium. Aquat Toxicol 2000; 49:131-143. [PMID: 10814812 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(99)00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study provides information on LC(50) toxicity tests and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the nearshore Antarctic gammarid, Paramorea walkeri. The 4 day LC(50) values were 970 µg/l for copper and 670 µg/l for cadmium. Net uptake rates and bioconcentration factors of these elements were determined under laboratory conditions. After 12 days of exposure to 30 µg/l, the net uptake rates were 5.2 and 0.78 µg/g per day and the bioconcentration factors were 2080 and 311 for copper and cadmium, respectively. The body concentrations of copper were significantly correlated with the concentrations of this element in the water. Accumulation of copper and cadmium continued for the entire exposure suggesting that heavy metals concentrations were not regulated to constant concentrations in the body. Using literature data about two compartments (water-animal) first-order kinetic models, a very good agreement was found between body concentrations observed after exposure and model predicted. Exposure of P. walkeri to mixtures of copper and cadmium showed that accumulation of these elements can be assessed by addition of results obtained from single exposure, with only a small degree of uncertainty. The study provides information on the sensitivity of one Antarctic species towards contaminants, and the results were compared with data of similar species from lower latitudes. An important finding is that sensitivity to toxic chemicals and toxicokinetic parameters in the species investigated are comparable with those of non-polar species. The characteristics of bioaccumulation demonstrate that P. walkeri is a circumpolar species with the potential to be a standard biological indicator for use in monitoring programmes of Antarctic nearshore ecosystems. The use of model prediction provide further support to utilise these organisms for biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duquesne
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, 39 Kessels road, Coopers Plains, Australia
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Jain M, McCall A, Riddle M. Standardization of hemoglobin A1c values. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132:676. [PMID: 10766691 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder, and although oral monotherapy is often initially successful, it is associated with a high secondary failure rate, which contributes to the development of long-term diabetes complications resulting from persistent hyperglycemia. For patients not taking insulin, accumulating evidence suggests that combination therapy using oral antidiabetic agents with different mechanisms of action may be highly effective in achieving and maintaining target blood glucose levels. Low-dose combination therapy may be associated with fewer side effects than higher-dose monotherapy and may achieve similar or better glycemic control. The best-studied combination is that of sulfonylurea compounds plus metformin, a therapeutic approach that addresses both underlying defects in the disorder: insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Other multidrug regimens under investigation are sulfonylurea compounds plus either alpha-glucosidase inhibitors or thiazolidinediones, and combinations of various insulin-sensitizing agents. For many patients, combination oral therapy may be used appropriately as primary management early in the course of type 2 diabetes, along with diet modification and exercise. Later in the course of the disease, the use of combinations of oral agents may delay the need for insulin while maintaining glycemic control, thus making aggressive oral treatment more acceptable for many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riddle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
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Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle M, Bienvenu OJ, Liang KY, LaBuda M, Walkup J, Grados M, Hoehn-Saric R. A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57:358-63. [PMID: 10768697 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are as yet unknown. Evidence of familial aggregation is one approach for investigating the role of genetics in the etiology of this condition. The current study was conducted to determine ifOCD is familial and to investigate possible familial subtypes. METHODS Eighty case probands were identified in 5 specialty OCD clinics and 73 community control probands were identified by random-digit dialing. These probands and their first-degree relatives (343 case and 300 control relatives) were blinded to group and evaluated by psychiatrists and doctoral-level clinical psychologists using semistructured instruments. Final diagnoses were assigned by a blinded-consensus procedure. The results were analyzed using logistic regression by the method of generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of OCD was significantly higher in case compared with control relatives (11.7% vs 2.7%) (P<.001). Case relatives had higher rates of both obsessions and compulsions; however, this finding is more robust for obsessions. Age at onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the case proband was strongly related to familiality (odds ratio, 0.92; confidence interval, 0.85-0.99) (P = .05); no case of OCD symptoms was detected in the relatives of probands whose age at onset of symptoms was 18 years or older. Probands with tics or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder were not more likely to have relatives with OCD than those without these features. CONCLUSIONS Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a familial disorder. Obsessions are more specific to the phenotype than are compulsions. Age at onset of OCD is valuable in characterizing a familial subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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