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Mola S, Beauchamp C, Boucher G, Lesage S, Karaky M, Goyette P, Foisy S, Rioux JD. Identifying transcript-level differential expression in primary human immune cells. Mol Immunol 2023; 153:181-193. [PMID: 36527757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multipotential hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into a wide variety of immune cells with a diversity of functions, including the ability to respond to a variety of stimuli. Importantly, numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of gene transcription in defining cell identity and functions. While these studies have primarily been performed at the level of the gene, it is known that key immune genes such as CD44 and CD45 generate multiple different transcripts that are differentially expressed across different immune cells, and that encode proteins with different sequences and functions. Prior genomic surveys have shown that the mechanisms for generating diversity in expressed transcripts (alternate splicing, alternate transcription start sites, etc.) are very active in immune cells, but have been lacking in terms of identifying genes with multiple transcripts, that are differentially expressed, and likely to affect cell functions. METHODS We first identified the set of genes that had at least two transcripts expressed in our RNA sequencing dataset generated from purified populations of neutrophils, monocytes and five lymphocyte populations (B, NK, γδ T, CD4 + T and CD8 + T) from twelve healthy donors. Next, we developed a heuristic approach to identify genes where two or more transcripts have distinct expression patterns across lymphoid and/or myeloid populations. We then focused our annotation and interpretation on differentially expressed transcripts that affect the coding sequence. This process was repeated to identify transcripts that were differentially expressed between monocytes and populations of macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages derived from these monocytes in vitro. RESULTS We found that over 55 % of genes had two or more expressed transcripts, with an average ∼3 transcripts per gene, and that 70 % of these had at least two of the transcripts that encoded proteins with different sequences. As expected, we identified a complex pattern of differential expression for multiple transcripts encoding the CD45 transmembrane protein, but we also found similar evidence for ten other genes (CD300A, FYB1, GPI, LITAF, PSMA1, PTMA, RPL32, SEPTIN9, SH3BP2, SH3KBP1) when comparing the expression patterns of transcripts within myeloid and lymphoid cells. We also identified five genes with differentially expressed transcripts associated with the transition from monocytes to macrophages (FNBP1, KLF6, and SEPTIN9) or between macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages (CD44, OAZ2, and SEPTIN9). For the most part, we found that the different transcripts of these genes are expected to impact specific biological functions, for example the different transcripts of SEPTIN9 likely regulate the cytoskeleton in immune cells via their interactions with actins filaments and microtubules. CONCLUSIONS This analytic approach successfully identified multi-transcript genes that are differentially expressed across immune cells and could be applied to other transcriptomic data. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Researchers can request access to the individual-level data from the current study by contacting the Montreal Heart Institute ethics committee at the following institutional email address: cer.icm@icm-mhi.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraï Mola
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Claudine Beauchamp
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 boul. De l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Mohamad Karaky
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Sylvain Foisy
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - John D Rioux
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Karaky M, Boucher G, Mola S, Foisy S, Beauchamp C, Rivard ME, Burnette M, Gosselin H, Bitton A, Charron G, Goyette P, Rioux JD. Prostaglandins and calprotectin are genetically and functionally linked to the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010189. [PMID: 36155972 PMCID: PMC9536535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified and validated more than 200 genomic loci associated with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although for most the causal gene remains unknown. Given the importance of myeloid cells in IBD pathogenesis, the current study aimed to uncover the role of genes within IBD genetic loci that are endogenously expressed in this cell lineage.
Methods
The open reading frames (ORF) of 42 genes from IBD-associated loci were expressed via lentiviral transfer in the THP-1 model of human monocytes and the impact of each of these on the cell’s transcriptome was analyzed using a RNA sequencing-based approach. We used a combination of genetic and pharmacologic approaches to validate our findings in the THP-1 line with further validation in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived-monocytes.
Results
This functional genomics screen provided evidence that genes in four IBD GWAS loci (PTGIR, ZBTB40, SLC39A11 and NFKB1) are involved in controlling S100A8 and S100A9 genes expression, which encode the two subunits of calprotectin (CP). We demonstrated that increasing PTGIR expression and/or stimulating PTGIR signaling resulted in increased CP expression in THP-1.
This was further validated in hiPSC-derived monocytes. Conversely, knocking-down PTGIR endogenous expression and/or inhibiting PTGIR signaling led to decreased CP expression. These analyses were extended to the known IBD gene PTGER4, whereby its specific agonist also led to increased CP expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the PTGIR and PTGER4 mediated control of CP expression was dependent on signaling via adenylate cyclase and STAT3. Finally, we demonstrated that LPS-mediated increases in CP expression could be potentiated by agonists of PTGIR and PTGER4, and diminished by their antagonists.
Conclusion
Our results support a causal role for the PTGIR, PTGER4, ZBTB40, SLC39A11 and NFKB1 genes in IBD, with all five genes regulating the expression of CP in myeloid cells, as well as potential roles for the prostacyclin/prostaglandin biogenesis and signaling pathways in IBD susceptibility and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Karaky
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Saraï Mola
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Foisy
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Eve Rivard
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melanie Burnette
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugues Gosselin
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - iGenoMed Consortium
- A complete list of members and their affiliations can be found at the end of the manuscript
| | - Alain Bitton
- McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Charron
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John D. Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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3
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Sazonovs A, Stevens CR, Venkataraman GR, Yuan K, Avila B, Abreu MT, Ahmad T, Allez M, Ananthakrishnan AN, Atzmon G, Baras A, Barrett JC, Barzilai N, Beaugerie L, Beecham A, Bernstein CN, Bitton A, Bokemeyer B, Chan A, Chung D, Cleynen I, Cosnes J, Cutler DJ, Daly A, Damas OM, Datta LW, Dawany N, Devoto M, Dodge S, Ellinghaus E, Fachal L, Farkkila M, Faubion W, Ferreira M, Franchimont D, Gabriel SB, Ge T, Georges M, Gettler K, Giri M, Glaser B, Goerg S, Goyette P, Graham D, Hämäläinen E, Haritunians T, Heap GA, Hiltunen M, Hoeppner M, Horowitz JE, Irving P, Iyer V, Jalas C, Kelsen J, Khalili H, Kirschner BS, Kontula K, Koskela JT, Kugathasan S, Kupcinskas J, Lamb CA, Laudes M, Lévesque C, Levine AP, Lewis JD, Liefferinckx C, Loescher BS, Louis E, Mansfield J, May S, McCauley JL, Mengesha E, Mni M, Moayyedi P, Moran CJ, Newberry RD, O'Charoen S, Okou DT, Oldenburg B, Ostrer H, Palotie A, Paquette J, Pekow J, Peter I, Pierik MJ, Ponsioen CY, Pontikos N, Prescott N, Pulver AE, Rahmouni S, Rice DL, Saavalainen P, Sands B, Sartor RB, Schiff ER, Schreiber S, Schumm LP, Segal AW, Seksik P, Shawky R, Sheikh SZ, Silverberg MS, Simmons A, Skeiceviciene J, Sokol H, Solomonson M, Somineni H, Sun D, Targan S, Turner D, Uhlig HH, van der Meulen AE, Vermeire S, Verstockt S, Voskuil MD, Winter HS, Young J, Duerr RH, Franke A, Brant SR, Cho J, Weersma RK, Parkes M, Xavier RJ, Rivas MA, Rioux JD, McGovern DPB, Huang H, Anderson CA, Daly MJ. Large-scale sequencing identifies multiple genes and rare variants associated with Crohn's disease susceptibility. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1275-1283. [PMID: 36038634 PMCID: PMC9700438 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of loci associated with Crohn's disease (CD). However, as with all complex diseases, robust identification of the genes dysregulated by noncoding variants typically driving GWAS discoveries has been challenging. Here, to complement GWASs and better define actionable biological targets, we analyzed sequence data from more than 30,000 patients with CD and 80,000 population controls. We directly implicate ten genes in general onset CD for the first time to our knowledge via association to coding variation, four of which lie within established CD GWAS loci. In nine instances, a single coding variant is significantly associated, and in the tenth, ATG4C, we see additionally a significantly increased burden of very rare coding variants in CD cases. In addition to reiterating the central role of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as autophagy in CD pathogenesis, these newly associated genes highlight the emerging role of mesenchymal cells in the development and maintenance of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksejs Sazonovs
- Genomics of Inflammation and Immunity Group, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Christine R Stevens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kai Yuan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Avila
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Allez
- Hopital Saint-Louis, APHP, Universite de Paris, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Crohn's and Colitis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department for Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Institute for Aging Research, The Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging and the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Human Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Universite, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ashley Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Alain Bitton
- McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernd Bokemeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrew Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jacques Cosnes
- Professeur Chef de Service chez APHP and Universite Paris-6, Paris, France
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan Daly
- Human Genetics Informatics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Lisa W Datta
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noor Dawany
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRGB - CNR, Cagliari, Italy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sheila Dodge
- Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Fachal
- Genomics of Inflammation and Immunity Group, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacey B Gabriel
- Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kyle Gettler
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Philippe Goyette
- Research Center Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Graham
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eija Hämäläinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marc Hoeppner
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Peter Irving
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guys and Saint Thomas Hospital, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Human Genetics Informatics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Chaim Jalas
- Director of Genetic Resources and Services, Center for Rare Jewish Genetic Disorders, Bonei Olam, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Judith Kelsen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara S Kirschner
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimmo Kontula
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka T Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Christopher A Lamb
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Chloé Lévesque
- Research Center Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - James D Lewis
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Britt-Sabina Loescher
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - John Mansfield
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sandra May
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacob L McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emebet Mengesha
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Mni
- University of Liège, ULG, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - David T Okou
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institut National de Sante Publique (INSP), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Paquette
- Research Center Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marieke J Pierik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Natalie Prescott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ann E Pulver
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel L Rice
- Genomics of Inflammation and Immunity Group, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruce Sands
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Stefan Schreiber
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Philippe Seksik
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Universite, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Rasha Shawky
- IBD BioResource, NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shehzad Z Sheikh
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jurgita Skeiceviciene
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Universite, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Matthew Solomonson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hari Somineni
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dylan Sun
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Stephan Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Turner
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea E van der Meulen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sare Verstockt
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel D Voskuil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Andre Franke
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steven R Brant
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Crohn's Colitis Center of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick and Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miles Parkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Kurt Isselbacher Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Core Institute Member, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Immunology Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John D Rioux
- Research Center Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Genomics of Inflammation and Immunity Group, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Mark J Daly
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Amatullah H, Fraschilla I, Digumarthi S, Huang J, Adiliaghdam F, Bonilla G, Wong LP, Rivard ME, Beauchamp C, Mercier V, Goyette P, Sadreyev RI, Anthony RM, Rioux JD, Jeffrey KL. Epigenetic reader SP140 loss of function drives Crohn's disease due to uncontrolled macrophage topoisomerases. Cell 2022; 185:3232-3247.e18. [PMID: 35952671 PMCID: PMC9442451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
How mis-regulated chromatin directly impacts human immune disorders is poorly understood. Speckled Protein 140 (SP140) is an immune-restricted PHD and bromodomain-containing epigenetic "reader," and SP140 loss-of-function mutations associate with Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the relevance of these mutations and mechanisms underlying SP140-driven pathogenicity remains unexplored. Using a global proteomic strategy, we identified SP140 as a repressor of topoisomerases (TOPs) that maintains heterochromatin and macrophage fate. In humans and mice, SP140 loss resulted in unleashed TOP activity, de-repression of developmentally silenced genes, and ultimately defective microbe-inducible macrophage transcriptional programs and bacterial killing that drive intestinal pathology. Pharmacological inhibition of TOP1/2 rescued these defects. Furthermore, exacerbated colitis was restored with TOP1/2 inhibitors in Sp140-/- mice, but not wild-type mice, in vivo. Collectively, we identify SP140 as a TOP repressor and reveal repurposing of TOP inhibition to reverse immune diseases driven by SP140 loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajera Amatullah
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Fraschilla
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sreehaas Digumarthi
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julie Huang
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fatemeh Adiliaghdam
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gracia Bonilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lai Ping Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert M Anthony
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Kate L Jeffrey
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Adiliaghdam F, Amatullah H, Digumarthi S, Saunders TL, Rahman RU, Wong LP, Sadreyev R, Droit L, Paquette J, Goyette P, Rioux J, Hodin R, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Handley SA, Jeffrey KL. Human enteric viruses autonomously shape inflammatory bowel disease phenotype through divergent innate immunomodulation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn6660. [PMID: 35394816 PMCID: PMC9416881 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn6660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Altered enteric microorganisms in concert with host genetics shape inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) phenotypes. However, insight is limited to bacteria and fungi. We found that eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages (collectively, the virome), enriched from non-IBD, noninflamed human colon resections, actively elicited atypical anti-inflammatory innate immune programs. Conversely, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease colon resection viromes provoked inflammation, which was successfully dampened by non-IBD viromes. The IBD colon tissue virome was perturbed, including an increase in the enterovirus B species of eukaryotic picornaviruses, not previously detected in fecal virome studies. Mice humanized with non-IBD colon tissue viromes were protected from intestinal inflammation, whereas IBD virome mice exhibited exacerbated inflammation in a nucleic acid sensing-dependent fashion. Furthermore, there were detrimental consequences for IBD patient-derived intestinal epithelial cells bearing loss-of-function mutations within virus sensor MDA5 when exposed to viromes. Our results demonstrate that innate recognition of IBD or non-IBD human viromes autonomously influences intestinal homeostasis and disease phenotypes. Thus, perturbations in the intestinal virome, or an altered ability to sense the virome due to genetic variation, contribute to the induction of IBD. Harnessing the virome may offer therapeutic and biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Adiliaghdam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hajera Amatullah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sreehaas Digumarthi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tahnee L. Saunders
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raza-Ur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lai Ping Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lindsay Droit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jean Paquette
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal Quebec Canada H1T 1C8
| | | | - John Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal Quebec Canada H1T 1C8,Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Richard Hodin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Scott A. Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kate L. Jeffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Correspondence: Requests for materials should be addressed to K.L.J. at
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6
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Ntunzwenimana JC, Boucher G, Paquette J, Gosselin H, Alikashani A, Morin N, Beauchamp C, Thauvette L, Rivard MÈ, Dupuis F, Deschênes S, Foisy S, Latour F, Lavallée G, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ, Charron G, Goyette P, Rioux JD. Functional screen of inflammatory bowel disease genes reveals key epithelial functions. Genome Med 2021; 13:181. [PMID: 34758847 PMCID: PMC8582123 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies have been tremendously successful in identifying genomic regions associated with a wide variety of phenotypes, although the success of these studies in identifying causal genes, their variants, and their functional impacts has been more limited. METHODS We identified 145 genes from IBD-associated genomic loci having endogenous expression within the intestinal epithelial cell compartment. We evaluated the impact of lentiviral transfer of the open reading frame (ORF) of these IBD genes into the HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell line via transcriptomic analyses. By comparing the genes in which expression was modulated by each ORF, as well as the functions enriched within these gene lists, we identified ORFs with shared impacts and their putative disease-relevant biological functions. RESULTS Analysis of the transcriptomic data for cell lines expressing the ORFs for known causal genes such as HNF4a, IFIH1, and SMAD3 identified functions consistent with what is already known for these genes. These analyses also identified two major clusters of genes: Cluster 1 contained the known IBD causal genes IFIH1, SBNO2, NFKB1, and NOD2, as well as genes from other IBD loci (ZFP36L1, IRF1, GIGYF1, OTUD3, AIRE and PITX1), whereas Cluster 2 contained the known causal gene KSR1 and implicated DUSP16 from another IBD locus. Our analyses highlight how multiple IBD gene candidates can impact on epithelial structure and function, including the protection of the mucosa from intestinal microbiota, and demonstrate that DUSP16 acts a regulator of MAPK activity and contributes to mucosal defense, in part via its regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, involved in the protection of the intestinal mucosa from enteric microbiota. CONCLUSIONS This functional screen, based on expressing IBD genes within an appropriate cellular context, in this instance intestinal epithelial cells, resulted in changes to the cell's transcriptome that are relevant to their endogenous biological function(s). This not only helped in identifying likely causal genes within genetic loci but also provided insight into their biological functions. Furthermore, this work has highlighted the central role of intestinal epithelial cells in IBD pathophysiology, providing a scientific rationale for a drug development strategy that targets epithelial functions in addition to the current therapies targeting immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Carol Ntunzwenimana
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Paquette
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugues Gosselin
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Azadeh Alikashani
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Morin
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudine Beauchamp
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise Thauvette
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Rivard
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Dupuis
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia Deschênes
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Foisy
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Latour
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavallée
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark J Daly
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guy Charron
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, 5000 rue Bélanger, S-6201, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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7
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Mola S, Foisy S, Boucher G, Major F, Beauchamp C, Karaky M, Goyette P, Lesage S, Rioux JD. A transcriptome-based approach to identify functional modules within and across primary human immune cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233543. [PMID: 32469933 PMCID: PMC7259617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses have provided valuable insight into fundamental biology and disease pathophysiology. Many studies have taken advantage of the correlation in the expression patterns of the transcriptome to infer a potential biologic function of uncharacterized genes, and multiple groups have examined the relationship between co-expression, co-regulation, and gene function on a broader scale. Given the unique characteristics of immune cells circulating in the blood, we were interested in determining whether it was possible to identify functional co-expression modules in human immune cells. Specifically, we sequenced the transcriptome of nine immune cell types from peripheral blood cells of healthy donors and, using a combination of global and targeted analyses of genes within co-expression modules, we were able to determine functions for these modules that were cell lineage-specific or shared among multiple cell lineages. In addition, our analyses identified transcription factors likely important for immune cell lineage commitment and/or maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraï Mola
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Foisy
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Major
- Unité de recherche en ingénierie des ARN, Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département d’informatique et de recherche opérationnelle, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudine Beauchamp
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamad Karaky
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John D. Rioux
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Mitchell RN, Ashar FN, Jarvelin MR, Froguel P, Sotoodehnia N, Brody JA, Sebert S, Huikuri H, Rioux J, Goyette P, Newcomb CE, Junttila MJ, Arking DE. Effect of Sex and Underlying Disease on the Genetic Association of QT Interval and Sudden Cardiac Death. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013751. [PMID: 31747862 PMCID: PMC6912973 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for ≈300 000 deaths annually in the United States. Men have a higher risk of SCD and are more likely to have underlying coronary artery disease, while women are more likely to have arrhythmic events in the setting of inherited or acquired QT prolongation. Moreover, there is evidence of sex differences in the genetics of QT interval duration. Using sex- and coronary artery disease-stratified analyses, we assess differences in genetic association between longer QT interval and SCD risk. Methods and Results We examined 2282 SCD subjects and 3561 Finnish controls. The SCD subjects were stratified by underlying disease (ischemic versus nonischemic) and by sex. We used logistic regression to test for association between the top QT interval-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs12143842 (in the NOS1AP locus), and SCD risk. We also performed Mendelian randomization to test for causal association of QT interval in the various subgroups. No statistically significant differences were observed between the sexes for associations with rs12143842, despite the odds ratio being higher in females across all subgroup analyses. Consistent with our hypothesis, female non-ischemics had the highest odds ratio point estimate for association between rs12143842 and SCD risk and male ischemics the lowest odds ratio point estimate (P=0.036 for difference). Similar trends were observed for the Mendelian randomization analysis. Conclusions While individual subgroup comparisons did not achieve traditional criteria for statistical significance, this study is consistent with the hypothesis that the causal association of longer QT interval on SCD risk is stronger in women and nonischemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Mitchell
- Department of Genetic Medicine McKusick-Nathans Institute Johns Hopkins Baltimore MD
| | - Foram N Ashar
- Department of Genetic Medicine McKusick-Nathans Institute Johns Hopkins Baltimore MD
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Finland.,Biocenter Oulu University of Oulu Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences College of Health and Life Sciences Brunel University London London United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Division of Cardiology Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Finland.,Biocenter Oulu University of Oulu Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
| | - John Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute University of Montreal Canada
| | | | - Charles E Newcomb
- Department of Genetic Medicine McKusick-Nathans Institute Johns Hopkins Baltimore MD
| | - M Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
| | - Dan E Arking
- Department of Genetic Medicine McKusick-Nathans Institute Johns Hopkins Baltimore MD
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9
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Clark DW, Okada Y, Moore KHS, Mason D, Pirastu N, Gandin I, Mattsson H, Barnes CLK, Lin K, Zhao JH, Deelen P, Rohde R, Schurmann C, Guo X, Giulianini F, Zhang W, Medina-Gomez C, Karlsson R, Bao Y, Bartz TM, Baumbach C, Biino G, Bixley MJ, Brumat M, Chai JF, Corre T, Cousminer DL, Dekker AM, Eccles DA, van Eijk KR, Fuchsberger C, Gao H, Germain M, Gordon SD, de Haan HG, Harris SE, Hofer E, Huerta-Chagoya A, Igartua C, Jansen IE, Jia Y, Kacprowski T, Karlsson T, Kleber ME, Li SA, Li-Gao R, Mahajan A, Matsuda K, Meidtner K, Meng W, Montasser ME, van der Most PJ, Munz M, Nutile T, Palviainen T, Prasad G, Prasad RB, Priyanka TDS, Rizzi F, Salvi E, Sapkota BR, Shriner D, Skotte L, Smart MC, Smith AV, van der Spek A, Spracklen CN, Strawbridge RJ, Tajuddin SM, Trompet S, Turman C, Verweij N, Viberti C, Wang L, Warren HR, Wootton RE, Yanek LR, Yao J, Yousri NA, Zhao W, Adeyemo AA, Afaq S, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Akiyama M, Albert ML, Allison MA, Alver M, Aung T, Azizi F, Bentley AR, Boeing H, Boerwinkle E, Borja JB, de Borst GJ, Bottinger EP, Broer L, Campbell H, Chanock S, Chee ML, Chen G, Chen YDI, Chen Z, Chiu YF, Cocca M, Collins FS, Concas MP, Corley J, Cugliari G, van Dam RM, Damulina A, Daneshpour MS, Day FR, Delgado GE, Dhana K, Doney ASF, Dörr M, Doumatey AP, Dzimiri N, Ebenesersdóttir SS, Elliott J, Elliott P, Ewert R, Felix JF, Fischer K, Freedman BI, Girotto G, Goel A, Gögele M, Goodarzi MO, Graff M, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Grodstein F, Guarrera S, Gudbjartsson DF, Guity K, Gunnarsson B, Guo Y, Hagenaars SP, Haiman CA, Halevy A, Harris TB, Hedayati M, van Heel DA, Hirata M, Höfer I, Hsiung CA, Huang J, Hung YJ, Ikram MA, Jagadeesan A, Jousilahti P, Kamatani Y, Kanai M, Kerrison ND, Kessler T, Khaw KT, Khor CC, de Kleijn DPV, Koh WP, Kolcic I, Kraft P, Krämer BK, Kutalik Z, Kuusisto J, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Lawlor DA, Lee IT, Lee WJ, Lerch MM, Li L, Liu J, Loh M, London SJ, Loomis S, Lu Y, Luan J, Mägi R, Manichaikul AW, Manunta P, Másson G, Matoba N, Mei XW, Meisinger C, Meitinger T, Mezzavilla M, Milani L, Millwood IY, Momozawa Y, Moore A, Morange PE, Moreno-Macías H, Mori TA, Morrison AC, Muka T, Murakami Y, Murray AD, de Mutsert R, Mychaleckyj JC, Nalls MA, Nauck M, Neville MJ, Nolte IM, Ong KK, Orozco L, Padmanabhan S, Pálsson G, Pankow JS, Pattaro C, Pattie A, Polasek O, Poulter N, Pramstaller PP, Quintana-Murci L, Räikkönen K, Ralhan S, Rao DC, van Rheenen W, Rich SS, Ridker PM, Rietveld CA, Robino A, van Rooij FJA, Ruggiero D, Saba Y, Sabanayagam C, Sabater-Lleal M, Sala CF, Salomaa V, Sandow K, Schmidt H, Scott LJ, Scott WR, Sedaghati-Khayat B, Sennblad B, van Setten J, Sever PJ, Sheu WHH, Shi Y, Shrestha S, Shukla SR, Sigurdsson JK, Sikka TT, Singh JR, Smith BH, Stančáková A, Stanton A, Starr JM, Stefansdottir L, Straker L, Sulem P, Sveinbjornsson G, Swertz MA, Taylor AM, Taylor KD, Terzikhan N, Tham YC, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tillander A, Tracy RP, Tusié-Luna T, Tzoulaki I, Vaccargiu S, Vangipurapu J, Veldink JH, Vitart V, Völker U, Vuoksimaa E, Wakil SM, Waldenberger M, Wander GS, Wang YX, Wareham NJ, Wild S, Yajnik CS, Yuan JM, Zeng L, Zhang L, Zhou J, Amin N, Asselbergs FW, Bakker SJL, Becker DM, Lehne B, Bennett DA, van den Berg LH, Berndt SI, Bharadwaj D, Bielak LF, Bochud M, Boehnke M, Bouchard C, Bradfield JP, Brody JA, Campbell A, Carmi S, Caulfield MJ, Cesarini D, Chambers JC, Chandak GR, Cheng CY, Ciullo M, Cornelis M, Cusi D, Smith GD, Deary IJ, Dorajoo R, van Duijn CM, Ellinghaus D, Erdmann J, Eriksson JG, Evangelou E, Evans MK, Faul JD, Feenstra B, Feitosa M, Foisy S, Franke A, Friedlander Y, Gasparini P, Gieger C, Gonzalez C, Goyette P, Grant SFA, Griffiths LR, Groop L, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hakonarson H, Hamsten A, van der Harst P, Heng CK, Hicks AA, Hochner H, Huikuri H, Hunt SC, Jaddoe VWV, De Jager PL, Johannesson M, Johansson Å, Jonas JB, Jukema JW, Junttila J, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Karpe F, Kumari M, Laakso M, van der Laan SW, Lahti J, Laudes M, Lea RA, Lieb W, Lumley T, Martin NG, März W, Matullo G, McCarthy MI, Medland SE, Merriman TR, Metspalu A, Meyer BF, Mohlke KL, Montgomery GW, Mook-Kanamori D, Munroe PB, North KE, Nyholt DR, O'connell JR, Ober C, Oldehinkel AJ, Palmas W, Palmer C, Pasterkamp GG, Patin E, Pennell CE, Perusse L, Peyser PA, Pirastu M, Polderman TJC, Porteous DJ, Posthuma D, Psaty BM, Rioux JD, Rivadeneira F, Rotimi C, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Den Ruijter HM, Sanghera DK, Sattar N, Schmidt R, Schulze MB, Schunkert H, Scott RA, Shuldiner AR, Sim X, Small N, Smith JA, Sotoodehnia N, Tai ES, Teumer A, Timpson NJ, Toniolo D, Tregouet DA, Tuomi T, Vollenweider P, Wang CA, Weir DR, Whitfield JB, Wijmenga C, Wong TY, Wright J, Yang J, Yu L, Zemel BS, Zonderman AB, Perola M, Magnusson PKE, Uitterlinden AG, Kooner JS, Chasman DI, Loos RJF, Franceschini N, Franke L, Haley CS, Hayward C, Walters RG, Perry JRB, Esko T, Helgason A, Stefansson K, Joshi PK, Kubo M, Wilson JF. Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4957. [PMID: 31673082 PMCID: PMC6823371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44-66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Clark
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, BD96RJ, UK
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Ilaria Gandin
- Research Unit, Area Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hannele Mattsson
- Unit of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catriona L K Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Patrick Deelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Yanchun Bao
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Clemens Baumbach
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Matthew J Bixley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Annelot M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - David A Eccles
- Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marine Germain
- INSERM UMR_S 1166, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75013, France
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hugoline G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- CONACyT, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, 03940, México
| | - Catherine Igartua
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Yucheng Jia
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Torgny Karlsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Shengchao Alfred Li
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Weihua Meng
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- University Heart Center Luebeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso - CNR, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Tallapragada Divya Sri Priyanka
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Federica Rizzi
- ePhood Scientific Unit, ePhood SRL, Bresso (Milano), 20091, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20139, Italy
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20139, Italy
- Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Bishwa R Sapkota
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-5635, USA
| | - Line Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DK-2300, Denmark
| | - Melissa C Smart
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Ashley van der Spek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
| | | | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore City, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, the Netherlands
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Ther Netherlands, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Viberti
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) and Dept. Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, GeneSTAR Research Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-5635, USA
| | - Saima Afaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, 14080, México
- Unidad de Investigacion de Enfermades Metabolicas, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, N.L., 64710, México
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- Inserm U1223, Paris, 75015, France
- Centre for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Maris Alver
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 119228, SG, Singapore
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-5635, USA
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Health Science Center at Houston, UTHealth School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Judith B Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Talamban, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 6000, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, 14482, Germany
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Miao-Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-5635, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Yen-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Giovanni Cugliari
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) and Dept. Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, SG, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Anna Damulina
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander S F Doney
- MEMO Research, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD19SY, UK
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-5635, USA
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, KSA, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Sunna Ebenesersdóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Joshua Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK - London, London, England
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Janine F Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, US
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Martin Gögele
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | | | - Francine Grodstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) and Dept. Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Kamran Guity
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | | | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Avner Halevy
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore City, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Imo Höfer
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory Of Medical Genomics, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200025, China
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan branch, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
| | - Anuradha Jagadeesan
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Unit of Public Health Promotion, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicola D Kerrison
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore City, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS8 2BY, UK
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, SG, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Stephanie J London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Stephanie Loomis
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Ani W Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Paolo Manunta
- Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Gísli Másson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Nana Matoba
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Xue W Mei
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
| | - Massimo Mezzavilla
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Amy Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
- INSERM UMR_S 1263, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia/Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Alison D Murray
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico, 14610, México
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Gen-info Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia, Zagreb, Select a Province, 10000, Croatia
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, London, W12 7TA, UK
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR2000, Paris, 75015, France
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero Heart Institute and Dyanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cornelius A Rietveld
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso - CNR, Naples, 80131, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), 86077, Italy
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 119228, SG, Singapore
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Kevin Sandow
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics, and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - William R Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Bahareh Sedaghati-Khayat
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Dept of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, 3485 CX, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Shi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560078, India
| | - Sharvari Rahul Shukla
- Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, 411101, India
- Symbiosis Statistical Institute, Symbiosis International University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | | | - Timo Tonis Sikka
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alice Stanton
- RCSI Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics (MCT), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education & Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Scotland
| | | | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia/Australia, 6102, Australia
| | | | | | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Annika Tillander
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico, 04510, México
- Unidad De Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, 14080, México
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research - Support Unity, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Jagadish Vangipurapu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Salma M Wakil
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, KSA, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Gurpreet S Wander
- Department of Cardiology, Hero DMC Heart Institute, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China, 100005, China
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | | | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Liang Zhang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-5635, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Diane M Becker
- Department of Medicine, GeneSTAR Research Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mike Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiane, 70808, USA
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shai Carmi
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David Cesarini
- Center for Experimental Social Science, Department of Economics, New York University, New York, New York, 10012, USA
- Research Institute for Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm, 102 15, Sweden
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Giriraj Ratan Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 119228, SG, Singapore
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso - CNR, Naples, 80131, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), 86077, Italy
| | - Marilyn Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20139, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies Milano, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Segrate (Milano), 20090, Italy
- Bio4Dreams Scientific Unit, Bio4Dreams SRL, Bio4Dreams - business nursery for life sciences, Milano, 20121, Italy
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS8 2BY, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8 B, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore City, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48014, USA
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DK-2300, Denmark
| | - Mary Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clicerio Gonzalez
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, 01120, México
| | | | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Leif Groop
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Ther Netherlands, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th street, PH19-311, Newyork, NY, 10032, USA
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, SE-113 83, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China, 100005, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 698167, Germany
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Matthias Laudes
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and PopGen Biobank, University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Germany
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) and Dept. Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Dennis Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Jeffery R O'connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, The School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Gerard G Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Etienne Patin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR2000, Paris, 75015, France
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia/Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Louis Perusse
- Department of kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research - Support Unity, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Tinca J C Polderman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-5635, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Hester M Den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80636, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, 10591-6607, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Neil Small
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48014, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, SG, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 169857, SG, Singapore
| | - Alexander Teumer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PR, UK
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PR, UK
| | | | | | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia/Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48014, USA
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, BD96RJ, UK
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore City, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- Unit of Genomics and Biomarkers, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Chris S Haley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tōnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MASSACHUSETTS, 02142, USA
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland.
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10
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Ashar FN, Mitchell RN, Albert CM, Newton-Cheh C, Brody JA, Müller-Nurasyid M, Moes A, Meitinger T, Mak A, Huikuri H, Junttila MJ, Goyette P, Pulit SL, Pazoki R, Tanck MW, Blom MT, Zhao X, Havulinna AS, Jabbari R, Glinge C, Tragante V, Escher SA, Chakravarti A, Ehret G, Coresh J, Li M, Prineas RJ, Franco OH, Kwok PY, Lumley T, Dumas F, McKnight B, Rotter JI, Lemaitre RN, Heckbert SR, O’Donnell CJ, Hwang SJ, Tardif JC, VanDenburgh M, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Stricker BHC, de Bakker PIW, Franks PW, Jansson JH, Asselbergs FW, Halushka MK, Maleszewski JJ, Tfelt-Hansen J, Engstrøm T, Salomaa V, Virmani R, Kolodgie F, Wilde AAM, Tan HL, Bezzina CR, Eijgelsheim M, Rioux JD, Jouven X, Kääb S, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Arking DE, Sotoodehnia N. A comprehensive evaluation of the genetic architecture of sudden cardiac arrest. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3961-3969. [PMID: 30169657 PMCID: PMC6247663 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) accounts for 10% of adult mortality in Western populations. We aim to identify potential loci associated with SCA and to identify risk factors causally associated with SCA. Methods and results We carried out a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SCA (n = 3939 cases, 25 989 non-cases) to examine common variation genome-wide and in candidate arrhythmia genes. We also exploited Mendelian randomization (MR) methods using cross-trait multi-variant genetic risk score associations (GRSA) to assess causal relationships of 18 risk factors with SCA. No variants were associated with SCA at genome-wide significance, nor were common variants in candidate arrhythmia genes associated with SCA at nominal significance. Using cross-trait GRSA, we established genetic correlation between SCA and (i) coronary artery disease (CAD) and traditional CAD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, and diabetes), (ii) height and BMI, and (iii) electrical instability traits (QT and atrial fibrillation), suggesting aetiologic roles for these traits in SCA risk. Conclusions Our findings show that a comprehensive approach to the genetic architecture of SCA can shed light on the determinants of a complex life-threatening condition with multiple influencing factors in the general population. The results of this genetic analysis, both positive and negative findings, have implications for evaluating the genetic architecture of patients with a family history of SCA, and for efforts to prevent SCA in high-risk populations and the general community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foram N Ashar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca N Mitchell
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine M Albert
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave East, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Center for Human Genetic Research & Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Moes
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, Munich, Germany
| | - Angel Mak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaaninkatu 50, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaaninkatu 50, Oulu, Finland
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 rue Bélanger, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Praed St, Paddington, London, UK
| | - Michael W Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - XiaoQing Zhao
- CVPath Institute, 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reza Jabbari
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Glinge
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan A Escher
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 4, Skånes universitetssjukhus, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Ehret
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald J Prineas
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92014, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Florence Dumas
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U970, 56 rue Leblanc, Paris, France
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, F-600, Health Sciences Building 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J O’Donnell
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Suite #2, Framingham, MA, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, 1400 VFW Parkway, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, 1400 VFW Parkway, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 rue Bélanger, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin VanDenburgh
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave East, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno H C Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 4, Skånes universitetssjukhus, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Jan-Hakan Jansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit Skelleftea, Umea University, University Hospital, Building 1A, 4st, Umea, Sweden
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road London, UK
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cardiovascular Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Rm 632B, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 3050 Superior Drive, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, University of Lund, Getingevägen 4, Lund, Sweden
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Renu Virmani
- CVPath Institute, 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Frank Kolodgie
- CVPath Institute, 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno L Tan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 rue Bélanger, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U970, 56 rue Leblanc, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, suite #1360, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- The New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 5th Ave, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Gélinas R, El Khoury N, Chaix MA, Beauchamp C, Alikashani A, Ethier N, Boucher G, Villeneuve L, Robb L, Latour F, Mondesert B, Rivard L, Goyette P, Talajic M, Fiset C, Rioux JD. Characterization of a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Model for the Study of Variant Pathogenicity: Validation of a KCNJ2 Mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.117.001755. [PMID: 29021306 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-QT syndrome is a potentially fatal condition for which 30% of patients are without a genetically confirmed diagnosis. Rapid identification of causal mutations is thus a priority to avoid at-risk situations that can lead to fatal cardiac events. Massively parallel sequencing technologies are useful for the identification of sequence variants; however, electrophysiological testing of newly identified variants is crucial to demonstrate causality. Long-QT syndrome could, therefore, benefit from having a standardized platform for functional characterization of candidate variants in the physiological context of human cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a variant in Kir2.1 (Gly52Val) revealed by whole-exome sequencing in a patient presenting with symptoms of long-QT syndrome as a proof of principle, we demonstrated that commercially available human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are a powerful model for screening variants involved in genetic cardiac diseases. Immunohistochemistry experiments and whole-cell current recordings in human embryonic kidney cells expressing the wild-type or the mutant Kir2.1 demonstrated that Kir2.1-52V alters channel cellular trafficking and fails to form a functional channel. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, we not only confirmed these results but also further demonstrated that Kir2.1-52V is associated with a dramatic prolongation of action potential duration with evidence of arrhythmic activity, parameters which could not have been studied using human embryonic kidney cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the pathogenicity of Kir2.1-52V in 1 patient with long-QT syndrome and also supports the use of isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a physiologically relevant model for the screening of variants of unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselle Gélinas
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nabil El Khoury
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-A Chaix
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudine Beauchamp
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Azadeh Alikashani
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Ethier
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Robb
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Latour
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Blandine Mondesert
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lena Rivard
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Goyette
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mario Talajic
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Céline Fiset
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - John David Rioux
- From the Research Center (R.G., N.E.K., M.-A.C., C.B., A.A., N.E., G.B., L.V., L.R., F.L., B.M., L.R., P.G., M.T., C.F., J.D.R.) and Cardiovascular Genetics Center (L. Robb, L. Rivard, M.T.), Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Medicine (R.G., M.-A.C., B.M., L.R., M.T., J.D.R.) and Faculty of Pharmacy (N.E.K., C.F.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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12
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Huang H, Fang M, Jostins L, Umićević Mirkov M, Boucher G, Anderson CA, Andersen V, Cleynen I, Cortes A, Crins F, D'Amato M, Deffontaine V, Dmitrieva J, Docampo E, Elansary M, Farh KKH, Franke A, Gori AS, Goyette P, Halfvarson J, Haritunians T, Knight J, Lawrance IC, Lees CW, Louis E, Mariman R, Meuwissen T, Mni M, Momozawa Y, Parkes M, Spain SL, Théâtre E, Trynka G, Satsangi J, van Sommeren S, Vermeire S, Xavier RJ, Weersma RK, Duerr RH, Mathew CG, Rioux JD, McGovern DPB, Cho JH, Georges M, Daly MJ, Barrett JC. Fine-mapping inflammatory bowel disease loci to single-variant resolution. Nature 2017; 547:173-178. [PMID: 28658209 PMCID: PMC5511510 DOI: 10.1038/nature22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders that affect millions of people worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have identified 200 inflammatory bowel disease-associated loci, but few have been conclusively resolved to specific functional variants. Here we report fine-mapping of 94 inflammatory bowel disease loci using high-density genotyping in 67,852 individuals. We pinpoint 18 associations to a single causal variant with greater than 95% certainty, and an additional 27 associations to a single variant with greater than 50% certainty. These 45 variants are significantly enriched for protein-coding changes (n = 13), direct disruption of transcription-factor binding sites (n = 3), and tissue-specific epigenetic marks (n = 10), with the last category showing enrichment in specific immune cells among associations stronger in Crohn's disease and in gut mucosa among associations stronger in ulcerative colitis. The results of this study suggest that high-resolution fine-mapping in large samples can convert many discoveries from genome-wide association studies into statistically convincing causal variants, providing a powerful substrate for experimental elucidation of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Ming Fang
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7BN, UK.,Christ Church, University of Oxford, St Aldates OX1 1DP, UK
| | - Maša Umićević Mirkov
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Focused research unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research (MOK), IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, 6200 Åbenrå, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Adrian Cortes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - François Crins
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Valérie Deffontaine
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julia Dmitrieva
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Elisa Docampo
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Elansary
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Kyle Kai-How Farh
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.,Illumina, San Diego, California 92122, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann-Stephan Gori
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Jo Knight
- Data Science Institute and Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Ian C Lawrance
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Saint John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Charlie W Lees
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edouard Louis
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rob Mariman
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Theo Meuwissen
- Institute of Livestock and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Myriam Mni
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Miles Parkes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah L Spain
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.,Open Targets, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Emilie Théâtre
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Gosia Trynka
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suzanne van Sommeren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.,Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Christopher G Mathew
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - John D Rioux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Michel Georges
- Unit of Medical Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R) Research Center and WELBIO, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
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Nolte IM, Munoz ML, Tragante V, Amare AT, Jansen R, Vaez A, von der Heyde B, Avery CL, Bis JC, Dierckx B, van Dongen J, Gogarten SM, Goyette P, Hernesniemi J, Huikari V, Hwang SJ, Jaju D, Kerr KF, Kluttig A, Krijthe BP, Kumar J, van der Laan SW, Lyytikäinen LP, Maihofer AX, Minassian A, van der Most PJ, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nivard M, Salvi E, Stewart JD, Thayer JF, Verweij N, Wong A, Zabaneh D, Zafarmand MH, Abdellaoui A, Albarwani S, Albert C, Alonso A, Ashar F, Auvinen J, Axelsson T, Baker DG, de Bakker PIW, Barcella M, Bayoumi R, Bieringa RJ, Boomsma D, Boucher G, Britton AR, Christophersen I, Dietrich A, Ehret GB, Ellinor PT, Eskola M, Felix JF, Floras JS, Franco OH, Friberg P, Gademan MGJ, Geyer MA, Giedraitis V, Hartman CA, Hemerich D, Hofman A, Hottenga JJ, Huikuri H, Hutri-Kähönen N, Jouven X, Junttila J, Juonala M, Kiviniemi AM, Kors JA, Kumari M, Kuznetsova T, Laurie CC, Lefrandt JD, Li Y, Li Y, Liao D, Limacher MC, Lin HJ, Lindgren CM, Lubitz SA, Mahajan A, McKnight B, Zu Schwabedissen HM, Milaneschi Y, Mononen N, Morris AP, Nalls MA, Navis G, Neijts M, Nikus K, North KE, O'Connor DT, Ormel J, Perz S, Peters A, Psaty BM, Raitakari OT, Risbrough VB, Sinner MF, Siscovick D, Smit JH, Smith NL, Soliman EZ, Sotoodehnia N, Staessen JA, Stein PK, Stilp AM, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Strauch K, Sundström J, Swenne CA, Syvänen AC, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thornton TA, Tinker LE, Uitterlinden AG, van Setten J, Voss A, Waldenberger M, Wilhelmsen KC, Willemsen G, Wong Q, Zhang ZM, Zonderman AB, Cusi D, Evans MK, Greiser HK, van der Harst P, Hassan M, Ingelsson E, Järvelin MR, Kääb S, Kähönen M, Kivimaki M, Kooperberg C, Kuh D, Lehtimäki T, Lind L, Nievergelt CM, O'Donnell CJ, Oldehinkel AJ, Penninx B, Reiner AP, Riese H, van Roon AM, Rioux JD, Rotter JI, Sofer T, Stricker BH, Tiemeier H, Vrijkotte TGM, Asselbergs FW, Brundel BJJM, Heckbert SR, Whitsel EA, den Hoed M, Snieder H, de Geus EJC. Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15805. [PMID: 28613276 PMCID: PMC5474732 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced cardiac vagal control reflected in low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with greater risks for cardiac morbidity and mortality. In two-stage meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for three HRV traits in up to 53,174 individuals of European ancestry, we detect 17 genome-wide significant SNPs in eight loci. HRV SNPs tag non-synonymous SNPs (in NDUFA11 and KIAA1755), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) (influencing GNG11, RGS6 and NEO1), or are located in genes preferentially expressed in the sinoatrial node (GNG11, RGS6 and HCN4). Genetic risk scores account for 0.9 to 2.6% of the HRV variance. Significant genetic correlation is found for HRV with heart rate (-0.74<rg<-0.55) and blood pressure (-0.35<rg<-0.20). These findings provide clinically relevant biological insight into heritable variation in vagal heart rhythm regulation, with a key role for genetic variants (GNG11, RGS6) that influence G-protein heterotrimer action in GIRK-channel induced pacemaker membrane hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - M Loretto Munoz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Azmeraw T Amare
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.,School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Benedikt von der Heyde
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Bram Dierckx
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie M Gogarten
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Jussi Hernesniemi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Ville Huikari
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Deepali Jaju
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat-Al Khoudh 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kathleen F Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06097, Germany
| | - Bouwe P Krijthe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Jitender Kumar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Heart and Lung, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Arpi Minassian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Michel Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Delilah Zabaneh
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.,University College London Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mohammad H Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Sulayma Albarwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Al-Khoudh 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Christine Albert
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Foram Ashar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Barcella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Riad Bayoumi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, PO Box 505055, Dubai Healthcare City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rob J Bieringa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annie R Britton
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ingrid Christophersen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Rud 1346, Norway
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - George B Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service &Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Markku Eskola
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.,Department of Cardiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Janine F Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - John S Floras
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Friberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maaike G J Gademan
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Daiane Hemerich
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Xavier Jouven
- INSERM U970, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Antti M Kiviniemi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,ISER, Essex University, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Joop D Lefrandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Li
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Marian C Limacher
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service &Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | | | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Neijts
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.,Department of Cardiology, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Daniel T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Johan Ormel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Siegfried Perz
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - David Siscovick
- The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Johannes H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Phyllis K Stein
- Heart Rate Variability Lab, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Adrienne M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-008, Poland
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Cees A Swenne
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T IJ4
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Timothy A Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lesley E Tinker
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Institute of Innovative Health Technologies-IGHT Jena Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Kirk C Wilhelmsen
- Departments of Genetics and Neurology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,The Renaissance Computing Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Zhu-Ming Zhang
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Epidemiology &Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, CNR-Italian National Research Council, Milan 20090, Italy.,KOS Genetic SRL, Bresso (Milano) 20091, Italy
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Halina K Greiser
- German Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg 69210, Germany
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hassan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Al-Khoudh 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Biocenter Oulu University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Chris J O'Donnell
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cardiology Section, Boston Veteran's Administration Healthcare, Boston, Maryland 02132, USA
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Arie M van Roon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T IJ4
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands.,Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague 2511 VX, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London NW1 2DA, UK.,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht 3501 DG, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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14
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Devalla HD, Gélinas R, Aburawi EH, Beqqali A, Goyette P, Freund C, Chaix MA, Tadros R, Jiang H, Le Béchec A, Monshouwer-Kloots JJ, Zwetsloot T, Kosmidis G, Latour F, Alikashani A, Hoekstra M, Schlaepfer J, Mummery CL, Stevenson B, Kutalik Z, de Vries AA, Rivard L, Wilde AA, Talajic M, Verkerk AO, Al-Gazali L, Rioux JD, Bhuiyan ZA, Passier R. TECRL, a new life-threatening inherited arrhythmia gene associated with overlapping clinical features of both LQTS and CPVT. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1390-1408. [PMID: 27861123 PMCID: PMC5167130 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic causes of many familial arrhythmia syndromes remain elusive. In this study, whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was carried out on patients from three different families that presented with life‐threatening arrhythmias and high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Two French Canadian probands carried identical homozygous rare variant in TECRL gene (p.Arg196Gln), which encodes the trans‐2,3‐enoyl‐CoA reductase‐like protein. Both patients had cardiac arrest, stress‐induced atrial and ventricular tachycardia, and QT prolongation on adrenergic stimulation. A third patient from a consanguineous Sudanese family diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) had a homozygous splice site mutation (c.331+1G>A) in TECRL. Analysis of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) generated from this individual (TECRLHom‐hiPSCs), his heterozygous but clinically asymptomatic father (TECRLHet‐hiPSCs), and a healthy individual (CTRL‐hiPSCs) from the same Sudanese family, revealed smaller [Ca2+]i transient amplitudes as well as elevated diastolic [Ca2+]i in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs compared with CTRL‐hiPSC‐CMs. The [Ca2+]i transient also rose markedly slower and contained lower sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium stores, evidenced by the decreased magnitude of caffeine‐induced [Ca2+]i transients. In addition, the decay phase of the [Ca2+]i transient was slower in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs due to decreased SERCA and NCX activities. Furthermore, TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs showed prolonged action potentials (APs) compared with CTRL‐hiPSC‐CMs. TECRL knockdown in control human embryonic stem cell‐derived CMs (hESC‐CMs) also resulted in significantly longer APs. Moreover, stimulation by noradrenaline (NA) significantly increased the propensity for triggered activity based on delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs and treatment with flecainide, a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug, significantly reduced the triggered activity in these cells. In summary, we report that mutations in TECRL are associated with inherited arrhythmias characterized by clinical features of both LQTS and CPVT. Patient‐specific hiPSC‐CMs recapitulated salient features of the clinical phenotype and provide a platform for drug screening evidenced by initial identification of flecainide as a potential therapeutic. These findings have implications for diagnosis and treatment of inherited cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roselle Gélinas
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elhadi H Aburawi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Freund
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center hiPSC Core Facility, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-A Chaix
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China.,The Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Antony Le Béchec
- Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tom Zwetsloot
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Kosmidis
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maaike Hoekstra
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurg Schlaepfer
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Stevenson
- Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Af de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Léna Rivard
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arthur Am Wilde
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Talajic
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada .,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zahurul A Bhuiyan
- Laboratoire Génétiqué Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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15
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Rivas MA, Graham D, Sulem P, Stevens C, Desch AN, Goyette P, Gudbjartsson D, Jonsdottir I, Thorsteinsdottir U, Degenhardt F, Mucha S, Kurki MI, Li D, D'Amato M, Annese V, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Halfvarson J, Paavola-Sakki P, Lappalainen M, Lek M, Cummings B, Tukiainen T, Haritunians T, Halme L, Koskinen LLE, Ananthakrishnan AN, Luo Y, Heap GA, Visschedijk MC, MacArthur DG, Neale BM, Ahmad T, Anderson CA, Brant SR, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Cho JH, Palotie A, Saavalainen P, Kontula K, Färkkilä M, McGovern DPB, Franke A, Stefansson K, Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Daly MJ, Barrett J, de Lane K, Edwards C, Hart A, Hawkey C, Jostins L, Kennedy N, Lamb C, Lee J, Lees C, Mansfield J, Mathew C, Mowatt C, Newman B, Nimmo E, Parkes M, Pollard M, Prescott N, Randall J, Rice D, Satsangi J, Simmons A, Tremelling M, Uhlig H, Wilson D, Abraham C, Achkar JP, Bitton A, Boucher G, Croitoru K, Fleshner P, Glas J, Kugathasan S, Limbergen JV, Milgrom R, Proctor D, Regueiro M, Schumm PL, Sharma Y, Stempak JM, Targan SR, Wang MH. A protein-truncating R179X variant in RNF186 confers protection against ulcerative colitis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12342. [PMID: 27503255 PMCID: PMC4980482 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-truncating variants protective against human disease provide in vivo validation of therapeutic targets. Here we used targeted sequencing to conduct a search for protein-truncating variants conferring protection against inflammatory bowel disease exploiting knowledge of common variants associated with the same disease. Through replication genotyping and imputation we found that a predicted protein-truncating variant (rs36095412, p.R179X, genotyped in 11,148 ulcerative colitis patients and 295,446 controls, MAF=up to 0.78%) in RNF186, a single-exon ring finger E3 ligase with strong colonic expression, protects against ulcerative colitis (overall P=6.89 × 10(-7), odds ratio=0.30). We further demonstrate that the truncated protein exhibits reduced expression and altered subcellular localization, suggesting the protective mechanism may reside in the loss of an interaction or function via mislocalization and/or loss of an essential transmembrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Rivas
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | - Christine Stevens
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - A. Nicole Desch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T1C8
| | - Daniel Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sören Mucha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mitja I. Kurki
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048 USA
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
- BioCruces Health Research Institute and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48903 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Vito Annese
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IRCCS-CSS) Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Strutture Organizzative Dipartimentali (SOD) Gastroenterologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research in GastroIntestinal Disorders (TARGID), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Paulina Paavola-Sakki
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Lappalainen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monkol Lek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Beryl Cummings
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048 USA
| | - Leena Halme
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta L. E. Koskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Graham A. Heap
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marijn C. Visschedijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Exeter PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Carl A. Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Steven R. Brant
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Judy H Cho
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dermot P. B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048 USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - John D. Rioux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T1C8
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - J. Barrett
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - K. de Lane
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - C. Edwards
- Department of Gastroenterology, Torbay Hospital, Devon, UK
| | - A. Hart
- Department of Medicine, St. Mark's Hospital, Middlesex, UK
| | - C. Hawkey
- Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - L. Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, UK
- Christ Church, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Kennedy
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Wester General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C. Lamb
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J. Lee
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - C. Lees
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Wester General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - C. Mathew
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - C. Mowatt
- Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - B. Newman
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E. Nimmo
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M. Parkes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. Pollard
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - N. Prescott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - J. Randall
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - D. Rice
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J. Satsangi
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Simmons
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Tremelling
- Gastroenterology & General Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - H. Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Wilson
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C. Abraham
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - J. P. Achkar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - A. Bitton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G. Boucher
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T1C8
| | - K. Croitoru
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. Fleshner
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Glas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S. Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J. V. Limbergen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Milgrom
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - D. Proctor
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - M. Regueiro
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - P. L. Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Y. Sharma
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. M. Stempak
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - S. R. Targan
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. H. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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16
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Bodea C, Neale B, Ripke S, Daly M, Devlin B, Roeder K, Barclay M, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Chamaillard M, Colombel JF, Cottone M, Croft A, D’Incà R, Halfvarson J, Hanigan K, Henderson P, Hugot JP, Karban A, Kennedy N, Khan M, Lémann M, Levine A, Massey D, Milla M, Montgomery G, Ng S, Oikonomou I, Peeters H, Proctor D, Rahier JF, Roberts R, Rutgeerts P, Seibold F, Stronati L, Taylor K, Törkvist L, Ublick K, Van Limbergen J, Van Gossum A, Vatn M, Zhang H, Zhang W, Andrews J, Bampton P, Barclay M, Florin T, Gearry R, Krishnaprasad K, Lawrance I, Mahy G, Montgomery G, Radford-Smith G, Roberts R, Simms L, Amininijad L, Cleynen I, Dewit O, Franchimont D, Georges M, Laukens D, Peeters H, Rahier JF, Rutgeerts P, Theatre E, Van Gossum A, Vermeire S, Aumais G, Baidoo L, Barrie A, Beck K, Bernard EJ, Binion D, Bitton A, Brant S, Cho J, Cohen A, Croitoru K, Daly M, Datta L, Deslandres C, Duerr R, Dutridge D, Ferguson J, Fultz J, Goyette P, Greenberg G, Haritunians T, Jobin G, Katz S, Lahaie R, McGovern D, Nelson L, Ng S, Ning K, Oikonomou I, Paré P, Proctor D, Regueiro M, Rioux J, Ruggiero E, Schumm L, Schwartz M, Scott R, Sharma Y, Silverberg M, Spears D, Steinhart A, Stempak J, Swoger J, Tsagarelis C, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhao H, Aerts J, Ahmad T, Arbury H, Attwood A, Auton A, Ball S, Balmforth A, Barnes C, Barrett J, Barroso I, Barton A, Bennett A, Bhaskar S, Blaszczyk K, Bowes J, Brand O, Braund P, Bredin F, Breen G, Brown M, Bruce I, Bull J, Burren O, Burton J, Byrnes J, Caesar S, Cardin N, Clee C, Coffey A, Connell J, Conrad D, Cooper J, Dominiczak A, Downes K, Drummond H, Dudakia D, Dunham A, Ebbs B, Eccles D, Edkins S, Edwards C, Elliot A, Emery P, Evans D, Evans G, Eyre S, Farmer A, Ferrier N, Flynn E, Forbes A, Forty L, Franklyn J, Frayling T, Freathy R, Giannoulatou E, Gibbs P, Gilbert P, Gordon-Smith K, Gray E, Green E, Groves C, Grozeva D, Gwilliam R, Hall A, Hammond N, Hardy M, Harrison P, Hassanali N, Hebaishi H, Hines S, Hinks A, Hitman G, Hocking L, Holmes C, Howard E, Howard P, Howson J, Hughes D, Hunt S, Isaacs J, Jain M, Jewell D, Johnson T, Jolley J, Jones I, Jones L, Kirov G, Langford C, Lango-Allen H, Lathrop G, Lee J, Lee K, Lees C, Lewis K, Lindgren C, Maisuria-Armer M, Maller J, Mansfield J, Marchini J, Martin P, Massey D, McArdle W, McGuffin P, McLay K, McVean G, Mentzer A, Mimmack M, Morgan A, Morris A, Mowat C, Munroe P, Myers S, Newman W, Nimmo E, O’Donovan M, Onipinla A, Ovington N, Owen M, Palin K, Palotie A, Parnell K, Pearson R, Pernet D, Perry J, Phillips A, Plagnol V, Prescott N, Prokopenko I, Quail M, Rafelt S, Rayner N, Reid D, Renwick A, Ring S, Robertson N, Robson S, Russell E, St Clair D, Sambrook J, Sanderson J, Sawcer S, Schuilenburg H, Scott C, Scott R, Seal S, Shaw-Hawkins S, Shields B, Simmonds M, Smyth D, Somaskantharajah E, Spanova K, Steer S, Stephens J, Stevens H, Stirrups K, Stone M, Strachan D, Su Z, Symmons D, Thompson J, Thomson W, Tobin M, Travers M, Turnbull C, Vukcevic D, Wain L, Walker M, Walker N, Wallace C, Warren-Perry M, Watkins N, Webster J, Weedon M, Wilson A, Woodburn M, Wordsworth B, Yau C, Young A, Zeggini E, Brown M, Burton P, Caulfield M, Compston A, Farrall M, Gough S, Hall A, Hattersley A, Hill A, Mathew C, Pembrey M, Satsangi J, Stratton M, Worthington J, Hurles M, Duncanson A, Ouwehand W, Parkes M, Rahman N, Todd J, Samani N, Kwiatkowski D, McCarthy M, Craddock N, Deloukas P, Donnelly P, Blackwell J, Bramon E, Casas J, Corvin A, Jankowski J, Markus H, Palmer C, Plomin R, Rautanen A, Trembath R, Viswanathan A, Wood N, Spencer C, Band G, Bellenguez C, Freeman C, Hellenthal G, Giannoulatou E, Pirinen M, Pearson R, Strange A, Blackburn H, Bumpstead S, Dronov S, Gillman M, Jayakumar A, McCann O, Liddle J, Potter S, Ravindrarajah R, Ricketts M, Waller M, Weston P, Widaa S, Whittaker P. A Method to Exploit the Structure of Genetic Ancestry Space to Enhance Case-Control Studies. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:857-868. [PMID: 27087321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One goal of human genetics is to understand the genetic basis of disease, a challenge for diseases of complex inheritance because risk alleles are few relative to the vast set of benign variants. Risk variants are often sought by association studies in which allele frequencies in case subjects are contrasted with those from population-based samples used as control subjects. In an ideal world we would know population-level allele frequencies, releasing researchers to focus on case subjects. We argue this ideal is possible, at least theoretically, and we outline a path to achieving it in reality. If such a resource were to exist, it would yield ample savings and would facilitate the effective use of data repositories by removing administrative and technical barriers. We call this concept the Universal Control Repository Network (UNICORN), a means to perform association analyses without necessitating direct access to individual-level control data. Our approach to UNICORN uses existing genetic resources and various statistical tools to analyze these data, including hierarchical clustering with spectral analysis of ancestry; and empirical Bayesian analysis along with Gaussian spatial processes to estimate ancestry-specific allele frequencies. We demonstrate our approach using tens of thousands of control subjects from studies of Crohn disease, showing how it controls false positives, provides power similar to that achieved when all control data are directly accessible, and enhances power when control data are limiting or even imperfectly matched ancestrally. These results highlight how UNICORN can enable reliable, powerful, and convenient genetic association analyses without access to the individual-level data.
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Chaix MA, Koopmann TT, Goyette P, Alikashani A, Latour F, Fatah M, Hamilton RM, Rioux JD. Novel CALM3 mutations in pediatric long QT syndrome patients support a CALM3-specific calmodulinopathy. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2016; 2:250-254. [PMID: 28491681 PMCID: PMC5419757 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-A Chaix
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamara T Koopmann
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Meena Fatah
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M Hamilton
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children & Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mathieu S, El Khoury N, Rivard K, Gélinas R, Goyette P, Paradis P, Nemer M, Fiset C. Reduction in Na(+) current by angiotensin II is mediated by PKCα in mouse and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:1346-54. [PMID: 26921763 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths are among the leading causes of mortality in patients with heart failure, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Chronic elevation of angiotensin II (ANGII) is known to be one of the main contributors to heart failure. OBJECTIVE We tested whether ANGII can alter ventricular conduction and Na(+) current using transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1R). METHODS We used surface electrocardiograms along with current- and voltage-clamp techniques to characterize the electrophysiological properties of AT1R mice while the underlying regulatory mechanisms were explored using reverse transcription/quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS Electrophysiological data indicated that chronic AT1R activation in ventricular myocytes caused a 60% reduction in Na(+) current density that slowed the maximal velocity of the action potential upstroke, leading to a prolongation of the QRS complex. These changes occur independently of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting a direct role for ANGII/AT1R in slowing ventricular conduction. Western blots demonstrated a selective increase in sarcolemmal protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in AT1R mice, indicating PKCα activation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed reorganization of PKCα expression to sarcolemma and colocalization with NaV1.5 in AT1R myocytes. The involvement of PKCα in regulating Na(+) current was subsequently demonstrated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes where ANGII treatment reduced Na(+) current density. Concomitant treatment with αV5-3, a PKCα translocation inhibitor peptide, blocked the ANGII effect. CONCLUSION Overall, this study suggests that in mouse and human cardiomyocytes, PKCα is an important mediator of the ANGII-induced reduction in Na(+) current and may contribute to ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mathieu
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nabil El Khoury
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katy Rivard
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roselle Gélinas
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Ottawa University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline Fiset
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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19
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Cleynen I, Boucher G, Jostins L, Schumm LP, Zeissig S, Ahmad T, Andersen V, Andrews JM, Annese V, Brand S, Brant SR, Cho JH, Daly MJ, Dubinsky M, Duerr RH, Ferguson LR, Franke A, Gearry RB, Goyette P, Hakonarson H, Halfvarson J, Hov JR, Huang H, Kennedy NA, Kupcinskas L, Lawrance IC, Lee JC, Satsangi J, Schreiber S, Théâtre E, van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Weersma RK, Wilson DC, Parkes M, Vermeire S, Rioux JD, Mansfield J, Silverberg MS, Radford-Smith G, McGovern DPB, Barrett JC, Lees CW. Inherited determinants of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis phenotypes: a genetic association study. Lancet 2016; 387:156-67. [PMID: 26490195 PMCID: PMC4714968 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease; treatment strategies have historically been determined by this binary categorisation. Genetic studies have identified 163 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease, mostly shared between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We undertook the largest genotype association study, to date, in widely used clinical subphenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease with the goal of further understanding the biological relations between diseases. METHODS This study included patients from 49 centres in 16 countries in Europe, North America, and Australasia. We applied the Montreal classification system of inflammatory bowel disease subphenotypes to 34,819 patients (19,713 with Crohn's disease, 14,683 with ulcerative colitis) genotyped on the Immunochip array. We tested for genotype-phenotype associations across 156,154 genetic variants. We generated genetic risk scores by combining information from all known inflammatory bowel disease associations to summarise the total load of genetic risk for a particular phenotype. We used these risk scores to test the hypothesis that colonic Crohn's disease, ileal Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis are all genetically distinct from each other, and to attempt to identify patients with a mismatch between clinical diagnosis and genetic risk profile. FINDINGS After quality control, the primary analysis included 29,838 patients (16,902 with Crohn's disease, 12,597 with ulcerative colitis). Three loci (NOD2, MHC, and MST1 3p21) were associated with subphenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease, mainly disease location (essentially fixed over time; median follow-up of 10·5 years). Little or no genetic association with disease behaviour (which changed dramatically over time) remained after conditioning on disease location and age at onset. The genetic risk score representing all known risk alleles for inflammatory bowel disease showed strong association with disease subphenotype (p=1·65 × 10(-78)), even after exclusion of NOD2, MHC, and 3p21 (p=9·23 × 10(-18)). Predictive models based on the genetic risk score strongly distinguished colonic from ileal Crohn's disease. Our genetic risk score could also identify a small number of patients with discrepant genetic risk profiles who were significantly more likely to have a revised diagnosis after follow-up (p=6·8 × 10(-4)). INTERPRETATION Our data support a continuum of disorders within inflammatory bowel disease, much better explained by three groups (ileal Crohn's disease, colonic Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis) than by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as currently defined. Disease location is an intrinsic aspect of a patient's disease, in part genetically determined, and the major driver to changes in disease behaviour over time. FUNDING International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium members funding sources (see Acknowledgments for full list).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cleynen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Christ Church, University of Oxford, St Aldates, UK
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Exeter, UK
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark; Hospital of Southern Jutland Aabenraa, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Jane M Andrews
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vito Annese
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IRCCS-CSS) Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Unit of Gastroenterology SOD2, Florence, Italy
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Steven R Brant
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marla Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard H Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden; School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Research Insitute of Internal Medicine and Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hailang Huang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ian C Lawrance
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Saint John of God Hospital, Subiaco WA and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - James C Lee
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany; Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Emilie Théâtre
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Genoproteomique Appliquee (GIGA-R) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Division of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Universite de Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David C Wilson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miles Parkes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John D Rioux
- Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Mansfield
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham Radford-Smith
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Genetics and Computational Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Charlie W Lees
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Goyette P, Boucher G, Mallon D, Ellinghaus E, Jostins L, Huang H, Ripke S, Gusareva ES, Annese V, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Thomsen I, Leslie S, Daly MJ, Van Steen K, Duerr RH, Barrett JC, McGovern DPB, Schumm LP, Traherne JA, Carrington MN, Kosmoliaptsis V, Karlsen TH, Franke A, Rioux JD. High-density mapping of the MHC identifies a shared role for HLA-DRB1*01:03 in inflammatory bowel diseases and heterozygous advantage in ulcerative colitis. Nat Genet 2015; 47:172-9. [PMID: 25559196 PMCID: PMC4310771 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of the related chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) known as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have shown strong evidence of association to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This region encodes a large number of immunological candidates, including the antigen-presenting classical HLA molecules1. Studies in IBD have indicated that multiple independent associations exist at HLA and non-HLA genes, but lacked the statistical power to define the architecture of association and causal alleles2,3. To address this, we performed high-density SNP typing of the MHC in >32,000 patients with IBD, implicating multiple HLA alleles, with a primary role for HLA-DRB1*01:03 in both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Significant differences were observed between these diseases, including a predominant role of class II HLA variants and heterozygous advantage observed in ulcerative colitis, suggesting an important role of the adaptive immune response to the colonic environment in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Goyette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Dermot Mallon
- 1] Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2] National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luke Jostins
- 1] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, UK. [2] Christ Church, University of Oxford, St Aldates, UK
| | - Hailiang Huang
- 1] Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephan Ripke
- 1] Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena S Gusareva
- 1] Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. [2] Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R (Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée) Research Center, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Vito Annese
- 1] Unit of Gastroenterology, IRCCS-CSS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza) Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. [2] Unit of Gastroenterology SOD2 (Strutture Organizzative Dipartimentali), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ingo Thomsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephen Leslie
- 1] Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark J Daly
- 1] Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- 1] Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. [2] Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R (Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée) Research Center, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Richard H Duerr
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [2] Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James A Traherne
- 1] Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK. [2] Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary N Carrington
- 1] Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. [2] Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- 1] Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2] National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- 1] Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. [2] Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. [3] K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John D Rioux
- 1] Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [2] Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Beaudoin M, Goyette P, Boucher G, Lo KS, Rivas MA, Stevens C, Alikashani A, Ladouceur M, Ellinghaus D, Törkvist L, Goel G, Lagacé C, Annese V, Bitton A, Begun J, Brant SR, Bresso F, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Halfvarson J, McGovern DPB, Radford-Smith G, Schreiber S, Schumm PL, Sharma Y, Silverberg MS, Weersma RK, D'Amato M, Vermeire S, Franke A, Lettre G, Xavier RJ, Daly MJ, Rioux JD. Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies rare variants in CARD9, IL23R and RNF186 that are associated with ulcerative colitis. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003723. [PMID: 24068945 PMCID: PMC3772057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and follow-up meta-analyses in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have recently identified 163 disease-associated loci that meet genome-wide significance for these two inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). These discoveries have already had a tremendous impact on our understanding of the genetic architecture of these diseases and have directed functional studies that have revealed some of the biological functions that are important to IBD (e.g. autophagy). Nonetheless, these loci can only explain a small proportion of disease variance (~14% in CD and 7.5% in UC), suggesting that not only are additional loci to be found but that the known loci may contain high effect rare risk variants that have gone undetected by GWAS. To test this, we have used a targeted sequencing approach in 200 UC cases and 150 healthy controls (HC), all of French Canadian descent, to study 55 genes in regions associated with UC. We performed follow-up genotyping of 42 rare non-synonymous variants in independent case-control cohorts (totaling 14,435 UC cases and 20,204 HC). Our results confirmed significant association to rare non-synonymous coding variants in both IL23R and CARD9, previously identified from sequencing of CD loci, as well as identified a novel association in RNF186. With the exception of CARD9 (OR = 0.39), the rare non-synonymous variants identified were of moderate effect (OR = 1.49 for RNF186 and OR = 0.79 for IL23R). RNF186 encodes a protein with a RING domain having predicted E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and two transmembrane domains. Importantly, the disease-coding variant is located in the ubiquitin ligase domain. Finally, our results suggest that rare variants in genes identified by genome-wide association in UC are unlikely to contribute significantly to the overall variance for the disease. Rather, these are expected to help focus functional studies of the corresponding disease loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Beaudoin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Center for the Study of IBD (CSIBD) Genetics, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christine Stevens
- Center for the Study of IBD (CSIBD) Genetics, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Martin Ladouceur
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leif Törkvist
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Caroline Lagacé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vito Annese
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IRCCS-CSS) Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Unit of Gastroenterology SOD2, Florence, Italy
| | - Alain Bitton
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jakob Begun
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steve R. Brant
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francesca Bresso
- Department of Medicine of the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Örebro University Hospital and School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dermot P. B. McGovern
- Cedars-Sinai F.Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, and Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Graham Radford-Smith
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Genetic and Computational Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip L. Schumm
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yashoda Sharma
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andre Franke
- Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John D. Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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den Hoed M, Eijgelsheim M, Esko T, Brundel BJJM, Peal DS, Evans DM, Nolte IM, Segrè AV, Holm H, Handsaker RE, Westra HJ, Johnson T, Isaacs A, Yang J, Lundby A, Zhao JH, Kim YJ, Go MJ, Almgren P, Bochud M, Boucher G, Cornelis MC, Gudbjartsson D, Hadley D, van der Harst P, Hayward C, den Heijer M, Igl W, Jackson AU, Kutalik Z, Luan J, Kemp JP, Kristiansson K, Ladenvall C, Lorentzon M, Montasser ME, Njajou OT, O'Reilly PF, Padmanabhan S, St Pourcain B, Rankinen T, Salo P, Tanaka T, Timpson NJ, Vitart V, Waite L, Wheeler W, Zhang W, Draisma HHM, Feitosa MF, Kerr KF, Lind PA, Mihailov E, Onland-Moret NC, Song C, Weedon MN, Xie W, Yengo L, Absher D, Albert CM, Alonso A, Arking DE, de Bakker PIW, Balkau B, Barlassina C, Benaglio P, Bis JC, Bouatia-Naji N, Brage S, Chanock SJ, Chines PS, Chung M, Darbar D, Dina C, Dörr M, Elliott P, Felix SB, Fischer K, Fuchsberger C, de Geus EJC, Goyette P, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Hartikainen AL, Havulinna AS, Heckbert SR, Hicks AA, Hofman A, Holewijn S, Hoogstra-Berends F, Hottenga JJ, Jensen MK, Johansson A, Junttila J, Kääb S, Kanon B, Ketkar S, Khaw KT, Knowles JW, Kooner AS, Kors JA, Kumari M, Milani L, Laiho P, Lakatta EG, Langenberg C, Leusink M, Liu Y, Luben RN, Lunetta KL, Lynch SN, Markus MRP, Marques-Vidal P, Mateo Leach I, McArdle WL, McCarroll SA, Medland SE, Miller KA, Montgomery GW, Morrison AC, Müller-Nurasyid M, Navarro P, Nelis M, O'Connell JR, O'Donnell CJ, Ong KK, Newman AB, Peters A, Polasek O, Pouta A, Pramstaller PP, Psaty BM, Rao DC, Ring SM, Rossin EJ, Rudan D, Sanna S, Scott RA, Sehmi JS, Sharp S, Shin JT, Singleton AB, Smith AV, Soranzo N, Spector TD, Stewart C, Stringham HM, Tarasov KV, Uitterlinden AG, Vandenput L, Hwang SJ, Whitfield JB, Wijmenga C, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Wilson JF, Witteman JCM, Wong A, Wong Q, Jamshidi Y, Zitting P, Boer JMA, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, van Duijn CM, Ekelund U, Forouhi NG, Froguel P, Hingorani A, Ingelsson E, Kivimaki M, Kronmal RA, Kuh D, Lind L, Martin NG, Oostra BA, Pedersen NL, Quertermous T, Rotter JI, van der Schouw YT, Verschuren WMM, Walker M, Albanes D, Arnar DO, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, Boehnke M, de Boer RA, Bouchard C, Caulfield WLM, Chambers JC, Curhan G, Cusi D, Eriksson J, Ferrucci L, van Gilst WH, Glorioso N, de Graaf J, Groop L, Gyllensten U, Hsueh WC, Hu FB, Huikuri HV, Hunter DJ, Iribarren C, Isomaa B, Jarvelin MR, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kiemeney LA, van der Klauw MM, Kooner JS, Kraft P, Iacoviello L, Lehtimäki T, Lokki MLL, Mitchell BD, Navis G, Nieminen MS, Ohlsson C, Poulter NR, Qi L, Raitakari OT, Rimm EB, Rioux JD, Rizzi F, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Sever PS, Shields DC, Shuldiner AR, Sinisalo J, Stanton AV, Stolk RP, Strachan DP, Tardif JC, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tuomilehto J, van Veldhuisen DJ, Virtamo J, Viikari J, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Widen E, Cho YS, Olsen JV, Visscher PM, Willer C, Franke L, Erdmann J, Thompson JR, Pfeufer A, Sotoodehnia N, Newton-Cheh C, Ellinor PT, Stricker BHC, Metspalu A, Perola M, Beckmann JS, Smith GD, Stefansson K, Wareham NJ, Munroe PB, Sibon OCM, Milan DJ, Snieder H, Samani NJ, Loos RJF. Identification of heart rate-associated loci and their effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm disorders. Nat Genet 2013; 45:621-31. [PMID: 23583979 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated resting heart rate is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In a 2-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in up to 181,171 individuals, we identified 14 new loci associated with heart rate and confirmed associations with all 7 previously established loci. Experimental downregulation of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio identified 20 genes at 11 loci that are relevant for heart rate regulation and highlight a role for genes involved in signal transmission, embryonic cardiac development and the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart failure and/or sudden cardiac death. In addition, genetic susceptibility to increased heart rate is associated with altered cardiac conduction and reduced risk of sick sinus syndrome, and both heart rate-increasing and heart rate-decreasing variants associate with risk of atrial fibrillation. Our findings provide fresh insights into the mechanisms regulating heart rate and identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel den Hoed
- Medical Research Council MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Jostins L, Ripke S, Weersma RK, Duerr RH, McGovern DP, Hui KY, Lee JC, Schumm LP, Sharma Y, Anderson CA, Essers J, Mitrovic M, Ning K, Cleynen I, Theatre E, Spain SL, Raychaudhuri S, Goyette P, Wei Z, Abraham C, Achkar JP, Ahmad T, Amininejad L, Ananthakrishnan AN, Andersen V, Andrews JM, Baidoo L, Balschun T, Bampton PA, Bitton A, Boucher G, Brand S, Büning C, Cohain A, Cichon S, D'Amato M, De Jong D, Devaney KL, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Ferguson LR, Franchimont D, Fransen K, Gearry R, Georges M, Gieger C, Glas J, Haritunians T, Hart A, Hawkey C, Hedl M, Hu X, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Kugathasan S, Latiano A, Laukens D, Lawrance IC, Lees CW, Louis E, Mahy G, Mansfield J, Morgan AR, Mowat C, Newman W, Palmieri O, Ponsioen CY, Potocnik U, Prescott NJ, Regueiro M, Rotter JI, Russell RK, Sanderson JD, Sans M, Satsangi J, Schreiber S, Simms LA, Sventoraityte J, Targan SR, Taylor KD, Tremelling M, Verspaget HW, De Vos M, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Winkelmann J, Xavier RJ, Zeissig S, Zhang B, Zhang CK, Zhao H, Silverberg MS, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Brant SR, Radford-Smith G, Mathew CG, Rioux JD, Schadt EE, Daly MJ, Franke A, Parkes M, Vermeire S, Barrett JC, Cho JH. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2012; 491:119-24. [PMID: 23128233 PMCID: PMC3491803 DOI: 10.1038/nature11582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3324] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affect over 2.5 million people of European ancestry with rising prevalence in other populations1. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent meta-analyses of CD and UC2,3 as separate phenotypes implicated previously unsuspected mechanisms, such as autophagy4, in pathogenesis and showed that some IBD loci are shared with other inflammatory diseases5. Here we expand knowledge of relevant pathways by undertaking a meta-analysis of CD and UC genome-wide association scans, with validation of significant findings in more than 75,000 cases and controls. We identify 71 new associations, for a total of 163 IBD loci that meet genome-wide significance thresholds. Most loci contribute to both phenotypes, and both directional and balancing selection effects are evident. Many IBD loci are also implicated in other immune-mediated disorders, most notably with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. We also observe striking overlap between susceptibility loci for IBD and mycobacterial infection. Gene co-expression network analysis emphasizes this relationship, with pathways shared between host responses to mycobacteria and those predisposing to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
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24
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Labbé C, Boucher G, Foisy S, Alikashani A, Nkwimi H, David G, Beaudoin M, Goyette P, Charron G, Xavier RJ, Rioux JD. Genome-wide expression profiling implicates a MAST3-regulated gene set in colonic mucosal inflammation of ulcerative colitis patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1072-80. [PMID: 21994190 PMCID: PMC3269563 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) presumably caused by dysregulated immune responses to the gut microbiota. Genetic association studies have implicated dozens of chromosomal regions or loci in IBD susceptibility. The next challenge is to explain the individual role of each of these modest effect loci in the disease state. We have previously identified MAST3 as an IBD susceptibility gene through genetic fine-mapping of the 19p linkage region. Testing MAST3 in a reporter assay provided preliminary evidence that MAST3 modulates the activity of inflammation-related transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B. METHODS Here we characterized the function of MAST3 through an examination of the influence of the modulation of MAST3 expression on endogenous genome-wide expression patterns. More specifically, we looked at differential gene expression resulting from overexpression and knockdown of the MAST3 gene in epithelial and macrophage cell lines. From we highlight a group of genes whose expression is modulated by MAST3 and correlate their expression with NF-jB activity. Their expression was found to be enriched in inflamed mucosal tissue of UC patients, confirming the importance of these genes in IBD. RESULTS We highlight a group of genes whose expression is modulated by MAST3 and correlate their expression with NF-κB activity. Their expression was found to be enriched in inflamed mucosal tissue of UC patients, confirming the importance of these genes in IBD. These MAST3-regulated genes are central to mucosal immune responses. Among them are proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., CCL20, IL8), regulators of NF-κB (e.g., TNFAIP3, LY96, NFKBIA), genes involved in interferon-induced defense against pathogen invasion (e.g., IFIT1, ISG15), and genes involved in cell adhesion and/or migration (e.g., CD44, TMOD1). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results confirm MAST3 as a modulator of the inflammatory response through regulation of immune gene expression in the gut of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Labbé
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | | | - Sylvain Foisy
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | | | - Herbert Nkwimi
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Geneviève David
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | | | | | - Guy Charron
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D. Rioux
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
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25
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Girardin M, Dionne S, Goyette P, Rioux J, Bitton A, Elimrani I, Charlebois P, Qureshi I, Levy E, Seidman EG. Expression and functional analysis of intestinal organic cation/L-carnitine transporter (OCTN) in Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis 2012; 6:189-97. [PMID: 22325173 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IBD5 locus is a genetic risk factor for IBD, particularly Crohn's Disease, coding for the organic cation/carnitine transporters (OCTN1 and 2). Two variants of OCTN are associated with susceptibility to Crohn's Disease. Modified transport of carnitine in vitro has been reported for a polymorphism of OCTN1. The aim was to investigate the function of intestinal OCTNs in IBD in relation to genetic polymorphisms. METHODS Intestinal tissue was obtained from endoscopic biopsies and surgical resections from IBD patients (n=33 and 14, resp.) and controls (n=22 and 14, resp.). OCTN protein levels were measured in intestinal biopsies and carnitine transport was quantified in intestinal resections. RESULTS OCTN1 protein levels were significantly higher in ileal versus colonic tissue (2.95% ± 0.4 vs 0.66% ± 0.2, resp.; p<0.0002). OCTN1 expression was higher in Crohn's disease patients with mutant homozygous or heterozygous genotypes (0.6% ± 0.1 vs 3% ± 0.8, resp., p<0.02). Carnitine transport was very rapid and Na+ dependent (10s). It was not different comparing Crohn's Disease and control groups (0.45 ± 0.12 vs 0.51 ± 0.12 nM carnitine/mg prot/min, resp.). Carnitine transport tended to be higher in subjects with mutant homozygous and heterozygous OCTN1 and OCTN2 genotypes (0.19 vs 0.59 and 0.25 vs 0.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present data reveal that OCTN protein levels appear to be similar in intestinal tissue from Crohn's Disease patients and controls. Overall, ileal carnitine transport appears to as well equal in Crohn's Disease and control groups. However, there was a trend towards higher carnitine transport in subjects with OCTN1 and OCTN2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Girardin
- DigestiveLab, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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26
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Rivas MA, Beaudoin M, Gardet A, Stevens C, Sharma Y, Zhang CK, Boucher G, Ripke S, Ellinghaus D, Burtt N, Fennell T, Kirby A, Latiano A, Goyette P, Green T, Halfvarson J, Haritunians T, Korn JM, Kuruvilla F, Lagacé C, Neale B, Lo KS, Schumm P, Törkvist L, Dubinsky M, Brant SR, Silverberg M, Duerr RH, Altshuler D, Gabriel S, Lettre G, Franke A, D’Amato M, McGovern DP, Cho JH, Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Daly MJ. Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies independent rare variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet 2011; 43:1066-73. [PMID: 21983784 PMCID: PMC3378381 DOI: 10.1038/ng.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
More than 1,000 susceptibility loci have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of common variants; however, the specific genes and full allelic spectrum of causal variants underlying these findings have not yet been defined. Here we used pooled next-generation sequencing to study 56 genes from regions associated with Crohn's disease in 350 cases and 350 controls. Through follow-up genotyping of 70 rare and low-frequency protein-altering variants in nine independent case-control series (16,054 Crohn's disease cases, 12,153 ulcerative colitis cases and 17,575 healthy controls), we identified four additional independent risk factors in NOD2, two additional protective variants in IL23R, a highly significant association with a protective splice variant in CARD9 (P < 1 × 10(-16), odds ratio ≈ 0.29) and additional associations with coding variants in IL18RAP, CUL2, C1orf106, PTPN22 and MUC19. We extend the results of successful GWAS by identifying new, rare and probably functional variants that could aid functional experiments and predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Rivas
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melissa Beaudoin
- Université de Montréal and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnes Gardet
- Gastrointenstinal Unit, Center for the Study of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yashoda Sharma
- Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Clarence K. Zhang
- Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- Université de Montréal and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Schittenhelmstr. 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Noel Burtt
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tim Fennell
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Kirby
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Latiano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, IRCCS - Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Université de Montréal and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Todd Green
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Örebro University Hospital, Department of Medicine and School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Talin Haritunians
- The Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Finny Kuruvilla
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Clarus Ventures, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Lagacé
- Université de Montréal and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Université de Montréal and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Phil Schumm
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leif Törkvist
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marla Dubinsky
- The Pedriatic IBD Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven R. Brant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Silverberg
- Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Altshuler
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Guillaume Lettre
- Université de Montréal and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Schittenhelmstr. 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- The Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John D. Rioux
- Université de Montréal and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointenstinal Unit, Center for the Study of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagacé C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Büning C, Colombel JF, Denson LA, De Vos M, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Fehrmann RSN, Floyd JAB, Florin T, Franchimont D, Franke L, Georges M, Glas J, Glazer NL, Guthery SL, Haritunians T, Hayward NK, Hugot JP, Jobin G, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lémann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, McGovern DP, Milla M, Montgomery GW, Morley KI, Mowat C, Ng A, Newman W, Ophoff RA, Papi L, Palmieri O, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Panés J, Phillips A, Prescott NJ, Proctor DD, Roberts R, Russell R, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Schumm P, Seibold F, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Seielstad M, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, van den Berg LH, Vatn M, Verspaget H, Walters T, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Westra HJ, Xavier RJ, Zhao ZZ, Ponsioen CY, Andersen V, Torkvist L, Gazouli M, Anagnou NP, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Sventoraityte J, Mansfield JC, Kugathasan S, Silverberg MS, Halfvarson J, Rotter JI, Mathew CG, Griffiths AM, Gearry R, Ahmad T, Brant SR, Chamaillard M, Satsangi J, Cho JH, Schreiber S, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Radford-Smith G, Duerr RH, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Erratum: Corrigendum: Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/ng0911-919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Arking DE, Junttila MJ, Goyette P, Huertas-Vazquez A, Eijgelsheim M, Blom MT, Newton-Cheh C, Reinier K, Teodorescu C, Uy-Evanado A, Carter-Monroe N, Kaikkonen KS, Kortelainen ML, Boucher G, Lagacé C, Moes A, Zhao X, Kolodgie F, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, Uitterlinden AG, Marsman RF, Pazoki R, Bardai A, Koster RW, Dehghan A, Hwang SJ, Bhatnagar P, Post W, Hilton G, Prineas RJ, Li M, Köttgen A, Ehret G, Boerwinkle E, Coresh J, Kao WHL, Psaty BM, Tomaselli GF, Sotoodehnia N, Siscovick DS, Burke GL, Marbán E, Spooner PM, Cupples LA, Jui J, Gunson K, Kesäniemi YA, Wilde AAM, Tardif JC, O'Donnell CJ, Bezzina CR, Virmani R, Stricker BHCH, Tan HL, Albert CM, Chakravarti A, Rioux JD, Huikuri HV, Chugh SS. Identification of a sudden cardiac death susceptibility locus at 2q24.2 through genome-wide association in European ancestry individuals. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002158. [PMID: 21738491 PMCID: PMC3128111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with an annual incidence estimated at 250,000–300,000 in the United States and with the vast majority occurring in the setting of coronary disease. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis in 1,283 SCD cases and >20,000 control individuals of European ancestry from 5 studies, with follow-up genotyping in up to 3,119 SCD cases and 11,146 controls from 11 European ancestry studies, and identify the BAZ2B locus as associated with SCD (P = 1.8×10−10). The risk allele, while ancestral, has a frequency of ∼1.4%, suggesting strong negative selection and increases risk for SCD by 1.92–fold per allele (95% CI 1.57–2.34). We also tested the role of 49 SNPs previously implicated in modulating electrocardiographic traits (QRS, QT, and RR intervals). Consistent with epidemiological studies showing increased risk of SCD with prolonged QRS/QT intervals, the interval-prolonging alleles are in aggregate associated with increased risk for SCD (P = 0.006). Family studies have clearly demonstrated a role for genes in modifying risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD), however genetic studies have been limited by available samples. Here we have assembled over 4,400 SCD cases with >30,000 controls, all of European ancestry, and utilize a two-stage study design. In the first stage, we conducted an unbiased genome-wide scan in 1,283 SCD cases and >20,000 controls, and then performed follow-up genotyping in the remainder of the samples. We demonstrate strong association to a region of the genome not previously implicated in SCD, the BAZ2B locus, which contains 3 genes not previously known to play a role in cardiac biology. In addition, we used the genome-wide scan data to test a focused hypothesis that genetic variants that modulate ECG traits associated with SCD (QT, QRS, and RR intervals) also modify risk for SCD, and we demonstrate that QT- and QRS-prolonging alleles are, as a group, associated with increased risk of SCD. Taken together, these findings begin to elucidate the genetic contribution to SCD susceptibility and provide important targets for functional studies to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan E. Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DEA); (SSC)
| | - M. Juhani Junttila
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Cardiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Montreal Heart Institute and the Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adriana Huertas-Vazquez
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke T. Blom
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kyndaron Reinier
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Carmen Teodorescu
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Audrey Uy-Evanado
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Kari S. Kaikkonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja-Leena Kortelainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gabrielle Boucher
- Montreal Heart Institute and the Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Lagacé
- Montreal Heart Institute and the Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anna Moes
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - XiaoQing Zhao
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frank Kolodgie
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline C. M. Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos F. Marsman
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raha Pazoki
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdennasser Bardai
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolph W. Koster
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pallav Bhatnagar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gina Hilton
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Prineas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Georg Ehret
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - W. H. Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gordon F. Tomaselli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David S. Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Greg L. Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Spooner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Jui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Karen Gunson
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Y. Antero Kesäniemi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arthur A. M. Wilde
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute and the Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Connie R. Bezzina
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renu Virmani
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruno H. C. h. Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Inspectorate of Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno L. Tan
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine M. Albert
- Center for Arrhythmia Prevention, Division of Preventive Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John D. Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute and the Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Heikki V. Huikuri
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sumeet S. Chugh
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DEA); (SSC)
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Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagacé C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Büning C, Colombel JF, Denson LA, De Vos M, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Fehrmann RSN, Floyd JAB, Florin T, Franchimont D, Franke L, Georges M, Glas J, Glazer NL, Guthery SL, Haritunians T, Hayward NK, Hugot JP, Jobin G, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lémann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, McGovern DP, Milla M, Montgomery GW, Morley KI, Mowat C, Ng A, Newman W, Ophoff RA, Papi L, Palmieri O, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Panés J, Phillips A, Prescott NJ, Proctor DD, Roberts R, Russell R, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Schumm P, Seibold F, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Seielstad M, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, van den Berg LH, Vatn M, Verspaget H, Walters T, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Westra HJ, Xavier RJ, Zhao ZZ, Ponsioen CY, Andersen V, Torkvist L, Gazouli M, Anagnou NP, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Sventoraityte J, Mansfield JC, Kugathasan S, Silverberg MS, Halfvarson J, Rotter JI, Mathew CG, Griffiths AM, Gearry R, Ahmad T, Brant SR, Chamaillard M, Satsangi J, Cho JH, Schreiber S, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Radford-Smith G, Duerr RH, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet 2011. [PMID: 21297633 DOI: 10.1038/ng.764ng.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of six ulcerative colitis genome-wide association study datasets, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), increasing the number of ulcerative colitis-associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, expression quantitative trait loci data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes that provide potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA-IL8RB, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagacé C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Büning C, Colombel JF, Denson LA, De Vos M, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Fehrmann RSN, Floyd JAB, Florin T, Franchimont D, Franke L, Georges M, Glas J, Glazer NL, Guthery SL, Haritunians T, Hayward NK, Hugot JP, Jobin G, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lémann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, McGovern DP, Milla M, Montgomery GW, Morley KI, Mowat C, Ng A, Newman W, Ophoff RA, Papi L, Palmieri O, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Panés J, Phillips A, Prescott NJ, Proctor DD, Roberts R, Russell R, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Schumm P, Seibold F, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Seielstad M, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, van den Berg LH, Vatn M, Verspaget H, Walters T, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Westra HJ, Xavier RJ, Zhao ZZ, Ponsioen CY, Andersen V, Torkvist L, Gazouli M, Anagnou NP, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Sventoraityte J, Mansfield JC, Kugathasan S, Silverberg MS, Halfvarson J, Rotter JI, Mathew CG, Griffiths AM, Gearry R, Ahmad T, Brant SR, Chamaillard M, Satsangi J, Cho JH, Schreiber S, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Radford-Smith G, Duerr RH, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet 2011; 43:246-52. [PMID: 21297633 PMCID: PMC3084597 DOI: 10.1038/ng.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1003] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis (UC) have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of 6 UC GWAS, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed-up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P<5×10-8), increasing the number of UC associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, eQTL data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes providing potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA/B, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn’s disease (CD) and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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31
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McGovern DPB, Gardet A, Törkvist L, Goyette P, Essers J, Taylor KD, Neale BM, Ong RTH, Lagacé C, Li C, Green T, Stevens CR, Beauchamp C, Fleshner PR, Carlson M, D'Amato M, Halfvarson J, Hibberd ML, Lördal M, Padyukov L, Andriulli A, Colombo E, Latiano A, Palmieri O, Bernard EJ, Deslandres C, Hommes DW, de Jong DJ, Stokkers PC, Weersma RK, Sharma Y, Silverberg MS, Cho JH, Wu J, Roeder K, Brant SR, Schumm LP, Duerr RH, Dubinsky MC, Glazer NL, Haritunians T, Ippoliti A, Melmed GY, Siscovick DS, Vasiliauskas EA, Targan SR, Annese V, Wijmenga C, Pettersson S, Rotter JI, Xavier RJ, Daly MJ, Rioux JD, Seielstad M. Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 2010; 42:332-7. [PMID: 20228799 DOI: 10.1038/ng.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. In an effort to identify genetic variation underlying ulcerative colitis risk, we present two distinct genome-wide association studies of ulcerative colitis and their joint analysis with a previously published scan, comprising, in aggregate, 2,693 individuals with ulcerative colitis and 6,791 control subjects. Fifty-nine SNPs from 14 independent loci attained an association significance of P < 10(-5). Seven of these loci exceeded genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-8)). After testing an independent cohort of 2,009 cases of ulcerative colitis and 1,580 controls, we identified 13 loci that were significantly associated with ulcerative colitis (P < 5 x 10(-8)), including the immunoglobulin receptor gene FCGR2A, 5p15, 2p16 and ORMDL3 (orosomucoid1-like 3). We confirmed association with 14 previously identified ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci, and an analysis of acknowledged Crohn's disease loci showed that roughly half of the known Crohn's disease associations are shared with ulcerative colitis. These data implicate approximately 30 loci in ulcerative colitis, thereby providing insight into disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot P B McGovern
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Bhat M, Nguyen GC, Pare P, Lahaie R, Deslandres C, Bernard EJ, Aumais G, Jobin G, Wild G, Cohen A, Langelier D, Brant S, Dassopoulos T, McGovern D, Torres E, Duerr R, Regueiro M, Silverberg MS, Steinhart H, Griffiths AM, Elkadri A, Cho J, Proctor D, Goyette P, Rioux J, Bitton A. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in French Canadians: comparison with a large North American repository. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104:2233-40. [PMID: 19513023 PMCID: PMC2742627 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phenotype characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may differ significantly among ethnic subpopulations. The aim of this study was to characterize the IBD phenotype in French Canadians, the most prominent founder population in North America. METHODS Using well-characterized phenotype data in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)-IBD Genetics Consortium repository on patients with IBD, we compared phenotypic characteristics of 202 French Canadians with those of 1,287 other Caucasian patients. These included diagnosis, anatomical location, disease behavior, extraintestinal manifestations, surgical history, and family history of IBD. RESULTS French-Canadian patients with Crohn's disease (CD) were less likely to have stricturing disease (11 vs. 21%, P=0.005; odds ratio (OR): 0.45, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.24-0.85). Using a stringent definition of ethnicity (three out of four grandparents being French Canadians, as opposed to self-report, n=148), French Canadians had a tendency toward developing fistulizing CD (37 vs. 28%, P=0.07), and there was an increased prevalence of sacroiliitis among those with IBD (4 vs. 2%, P=0.045). Among French Canadians, the numbers of current smokers in CD (40 vs. 25%, P=0.006) and former smokers in ulcerative colitis (UC) (35 vs. 20%, P=0.03) were significantly higher. The prevalence of one of the three main variants of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among French-Canadian CD patients was 43.2%. The 3020insC SNP correlated with small bowel disease in French Canadians (25 [corrected] vs. 0%, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS French Canadians show an IBD phenotype profile distinct from other Caucasian IBD populations, with an accentuated association between smoking status and IBD. This unique profile may have implications regarding the need for a different approach to the management of IBD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Bhat
- Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey C. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Raymond Lahaie
- Hôpital St. Luc, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Guy Aumais
- Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Jobin
- Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary Wild
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albert Cohen
- Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diane Langelier
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven Brant
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Themistocles Dassopoulos
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dermot McGovern
- Division of Medical Genetics and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Esther Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Richard Duerr
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Miguel Regueiro
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hillary Steinhart
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne M. Griffiths
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Judy Cho
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Deborah Proctor
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Philippe Goyette
- The Montréal Heart Institute and the Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Rioux
- The Montréal Heart Institute and the Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bitton
- Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Festen EA, Goyette P, Scott R, Annese V, Zhernakova A, Lian J, Lefèbvre C, Brant SR, Cho JH, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, De Jong DJ, Stokkers PC, McGovern D, Palmieri O, Achkar JP, Xavier RJ, Daly MJ, Duerr RH, Wijmenga C, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Genetic variants in the region harbouring IL2/IL21 associated with ulcerative colitis. Gut 2009; 58:799-804. [PMID: 19201773 PMCID: PMC2757103 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.166918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic susceptibility is known to play a large part in the predisposition to the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) known as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The IL2/IL21 locus on 4q27 is known to be a common risk locus for inflammatory disease (shown in coeliac disease, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis), while the roles that interleukin 2 (IL2) and IL21 play in the immune response also make them attractive candidates for IBD. The objective of this study was to test for association between the IL2/IL21 locus and the IBDs. METHODS The four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL2/IL21 locus most associated with coeliac disease were genotyped in 1590 subjects with IBD and 929 controls from The Netherlands, and then replicated in a North American cohort (2387 cases and 1266 controls) and an Italian cohort (805 cases and 421 controls), yielding a total of 4782 cases (3194 UC, 1588 CD) and 2616 controls. Allelic association testing and a pooled analysis using a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were performed. RESULTS All four SNPs were strongly associated with UC in all three cohorts and reached genome-wide significance in the pooled analysis (rs13151961 p = 1.35 x 10(-10), rs13119723 p = 8.60 x 10(-8), rs6840978 p = 3.0 7x 10(-8), rs6822844 p = 2.77 x 10(-9)). A moderate association with CD was also found in the pooled analysis (p value range 0.0016-9.86 x 10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS A strong association for the IL2/IL21 locus with UC was found, which also confirms it as a general susceptibility locus for inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora A.M. Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Laboratory in Genetics and Genomic Medicine of Inflammation, Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Regan Scott
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC-PUH, Mezzanine Level, C-Wing, 200, Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vito Annese
- UU.OO. Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Lian
- Laboratory in Genetics and Genomic Medicine of Inflammation, Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Céline Lefèbvre
- Laboratory in Genetics and Genomic Medicine of Inflammation, Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Steven R. Brant
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 E. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Center, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Centre, University of Toronto, 441–600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Medical Genetics Institute and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 W. Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Dirk J. De Jong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. Stokkers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dermot McGovern
- Medical Genetics Institute and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 W. Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Orazio Palmieri
- UU.OO. Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Achkar
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA,Molecular Biology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC-PUH, Mezzanine Level, C-Wing, 200, Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 Desoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - John D. Rioux
- Laboratory in Genetics and Genomic Medicine of Inflammation, Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Graham DC, Goyette P, Graham R, Moser K, Gaffney P, Montpetit A, Chad L, Hudson T, Altshuler D, Fortin P, Wither J, Behrens T, Rioux J, Vyse T. F.31. Lost Inhibitions? T Cell Activation Pathways in SLE. Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.03.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Labbé C, Goyette P, Lefebvre C, Stevens C, Green T, Tello-Ruiz MK, Cao Z, Landry AL, Stempak J, Annese V, Latiano A, Brant SR, Duerr RH, Taylor KD, Cho JH, Steinhart AH, Daly MJ, Silverberg MS, Xavier RJ, Rioux JD. MAST3: a novel IBD risk factor that modulates TLR4 signaling. Genes Immun 2008; 9:602-12. [PMID: 18650832 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder caused by multiple factors in a genetically susceptible host. Significant advances in the study of genetic susceptibility have highlighted the importance of the innate immune system in this disease. We previously completed a genome-wide linkage study and found a significant locus (IBD6) on chromosome 19p. We were interested in identifying the causal variant in IBD6. We performed a two-stage association mapping study. In stage 1, 1530 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from the HapMap database and genotyped in 761 patients with IBD. Among the SNPs that passed the threshold for replication, 26 were successfully genotyped in 754 additional patients (stage 2). One intronic variant, rs273506, located in the microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase gene-3 (MAST3), was found to be associated in both stages (pooled P=1.8 x 10(-4)). We identified four MAST3 coding variants, including a non-synonymous SNP rs8108738, correlated to rs273506 and associated with IBD. To test whether MAST3 was expressed in cells of interest, we performed expression assays, which showed abundant expression of MAST3 in antigen-presenting cells and in lymphocytes. The knockdown of MAST3 specifically decreased Toll-like receptor-4-dependent NF-kappaB activity. Our findings are additional proofs of the pivotal role played by modulators of NF-kappaB activity in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Labbé
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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36
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Fernando MMA, Stevens CR, Walsh EC, De Jager PL, Goyette P, Plenge RM, Vyse TJ, Rioux JD. Defining the role of the MHC in autoimmunity: a review and pooled analysis. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000024. [PMID: 18437207 PMCID: PMC2291482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is one of the most extensively studied regions in the human genome because of the association of variants at this locus with autoimmune, infectious, and inflammatory diseases. However, identification of causal variants within the MHC for the majority of these diseases has remained difficult due to the great variability and extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD) that exists among alleles throughout this locus, coupled with inadequate study design whereby only a limited subset of about 20 from a total of approximately 250 genes have been studied in small cohorts of predominantly European origin. We have performed a review and pooled analysis of the past 30 years of research on the role of the MHC in six genetically complex disease traits – multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) – in order to consolidate and evaluate the current literature regarding MHC genetics in these common autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We corroborate established MHC disease associations and identify predisposing variants that previously have not been appreciated. Furthermore, we find a number of interesting commonalities and differences across diseases that implicate both general and disease-specific pathogenetic mechanisms in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. A. Fernando
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine R. Stevens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily C. Walsh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School/Partners Healthcare Center for Genetics and Genomics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Université de Montréal, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert M. Plenge
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Vyse
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TJV); (JDR)
| | - John D. Rioux
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Université de Montréal, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (TJV); (JDR)
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Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Taylor KD, Silverberg MS, Goyette P, Huett A, Green T, Kuballa P, Barmada MM, Datta LW, Shugart YY, Griffiths AM, Targan SR, Ippoliti AF, Bernard EJ, Mei L, Nicolae DL, Regueiro M, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Rotter JI, Duerr RH, Cho JH, Daly MJ, Brant SR. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nat Genet 2007; 39:596-604. [PMID: 17435756 PMCID: PMC2757939 DOI: 10.1038/ng2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1347] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a genome-wide association study of ileal Crohn disease and two independent replication studies that identify several new regions of association to Crohn disease. Specifically, in addition to the previously established CARD15 and IL23R associations, we identified strong and significantly replicated associations (combined P < 10(-10)) with an intergenic region on 10q21.1 and a coding variant in ATG16L1, the latter of which was also recently reported by another group. We also report strong associations with independent replication to variation in the genomic regions encoding PHOX2B, NCF4 and a predicted gene on 16q24.1 (FAM92B). Finally, we demonstrate that ATG16L1 is expressed in intestinal epithelial cell lines and that functional knockdown of this gene abrogates autophagy of Salmonella typhimurium. Together, these findings suggest that autophagy and host cell responses to intracellular microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Rioux
- Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 rue Belanger, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.
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38
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Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Taylor KD, Silverberg MS, Goyette P, Huett A, Green T, Kuballa P, Barmada MM, Datta LW, Shugart YY, Griffiths AM, Targan SR, Ippoliti AF, Bernard EJ, Mei L, Nicolae DL, Regueiro M, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Rotter JI, Duerr RH, Cho JH, Daly MJ, Brant SR. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nat Genet 2007. [PMID: 17435756 DOI: 10.1038/ng203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a genome-wide association study of ileal Crohn disease and two independent replication studies that identify several new regions of association to Crohn disease. Specifically, in addition to the previously established CARD15 and IL23R associations, we identified strong and significantly replicated associations (combined P < 10(-10)) with an intergenic region on 10q21.1 and a coding variant in ATG16L1, the latter of which was also recently reported by another group. We also report strong associations with independent replication to variation in the genomic regions encoding PHOX2B, NCF4 and a predicted gene on 16q24.1 (FAM92B). Finally, we demonstrate that ATG16L1 is expressed in intestinal epithelial cell lines and that functional knockdown of this gene abrogates autophagy of Salmonella typhimurium. Together, these findings suggest that autophagy and host cell responses to intracellular microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Rioux
- Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 rue Belanger, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.
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39
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Rioux J, Xavier R, Taylor K, Goyette P, Silverberg M, Huett A, Green T, Kuballa P, Barmada M, Datta L, Shugart YY, Jean Bernard E, Mei L, Nicolae D, Steinhart H, Rotter J, Cho J, Daly M, Regueiro M, Schumm P, Duerr R, Brant S. Whole Genome Association Identifies Novel Susceptibility Genes for Crohn's Disease and Implicates a Crucial Role for Autophagy. Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Goyette P, Green T, de Bakker P, Mirel D, Stevens C, Latiano A, Oksenberg J, Hauser S, Annese V, Rioux J, Daly M. A High Density Association Study of the Extended Major Histocompatibility Locus in Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), also known as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD is among the few complex diseases for which several genomic regions and specific genes have been identified and confirmed in multiple replication studies. We will review the different loci implicated in disease risk in the context of three proposed mechanisms leading to chronic inflammation of the gut mucosa: 1) deregulation of the innate immune response to enteric microflora or pathogens; 2) increased permeability across the epithelial barrier; and 3) defective regulation of the adaptive immune system. As our knowledge of genetic variation, analytical approaches and technology improves, additional genetic risk factors are expected to be identified. With the identification of novel risk variants, additional pathophysiological mechanisms are likely to emerge. The resulting discoveries will further our molecular understanding of IBD, potentially leading to improved disease classification and rational drug design. Moreover, these approaches and tools can be applied in the context of variable drug response with the goal of providing more personalized clinical management of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Goyette
- Université de Montréal, Department of Medicine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Chen CF, Goyette P, Lohnes D. RARgamma acts as a tumor suppressor in mouse keratinocytes. Oncogene 2004; 23:5350-9. [PMID: 15094780 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (RA), the principle biologically active form of vitamin A, is essential for many developmental process as well as homeostasis in the adult. Many lines of evidence also suggest that RA, acting through the RA receptors (RARs), can also suppress growth of tumors of diverse origin. To assess directly the role of the RARs in a model of epidermal tumorigenesis, we investigated the incidence of tumor formation using keratinocytes lacking specific RAR types. Our data suggest that loss of RARgamma, but not RARalpha, predisposed keratinocytes to v-Ha-Ras-induced squamous cell carcinoma. We also found that ablation of RARgamma, but not RARalpha, abolished RA-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in these keratinocytes. Reconstitution of receptor expression into RAR-null cells restored sensitivity to RA, and reversed the tumorigenic potential of receptor-deficient keratinocytes. These data strongly support a tumor suppressor effect for the RARs, in particular endogenous RARgamma, in murine keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Feng Chen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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Tran P, Leclerc D, Chan M, Pai A, Hiou-Tim F, Wu Q, Goyette P, Artigas C, Milos R, Rozen R. Multiple transcription start sites and alternative splicing in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene result in two enzyme isoforms. Mamm Genome 2002; 13:483-92. [PMID: 12370778 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-002-2167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2002] [Accepted: 04/23/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) reduces 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the major carbon donor in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Mild MTHFR deficiency, due to a common variant at nucleotide 677, has been reported to alter risk for several disorders including cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, pregnancy complications, and certain cancers. Little is known about MTHFR regulation, since the complete cDNA and gene sequences have not been determined. In earlier work, we isolated and expressed a 2.2-kb human cDNA comprised of 11 coding exons, and we demonstrated that it encoded an active 70-kDa isoform. However, transcript sizes of approximately 7.5 kb and 9.5 kb and the presence of a second isoform of 77 kDa on Western blots suggested that cDNA sequences were incomplete. In this report, we characterized the complete cDNA and gene structure in human and mouse. Variable 5? and 3? UTR regions were identified, resulting in transcript heterogeneity. The 5? and 3? termini of the MTHFR cDNA were found to overlap with the 5? terminus of a chloride ion channel gene (CLCN-6) and the 3? terminus of an unidentified gene, respectively; this finding has resulted in finer mapping of MTHFR on Chromosome (Chr) 1p36.3. Ribonuclease protection assays identified clusters of transcriptional start sites, suggesting the existence of multiple promoters. MTHFR has several polyadenylation sites creating 3?UTR lengths of 0.2 kb-5.0 kb or 0.6 kb-4.0 kb in human and mouse, respectively. In both species, the previously reported exon 1 was redefined to approximately 3.0 kb in length and shown to be alternatively spliced. An important splice variant contains novel coding sequences; this cDNA was expressed and shown to encode the isozyme of 77 kDa. Our results, which suggest intricate regulation of MTHFR, will facilitate additional regulatory and functional studies of the different isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Tran
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University-Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
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Goyette P, Allan D, Peschard P, Chen CF, Wang W, Lohnes D. Regulation of gli activity by all-trans retinoic acid in mouse keratinocytes. Cancer Res 2000; 60:5386-9. [PMID: 11034076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is essential for many normal developmental processes. The Shh signal is interpreted by the Gli transcription factors. Elevated Gli-1 expression has been associated with several neoplasms, including basal cell carcinoma. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) has strong effects on epidermal growth and differentiation and has been used for the treatment of various epithelial disorders. In this report, we show that RA can inhibit Gli activity in immortalized murine keratinocytes in a RA receptor-specific manner. This inhibition may occur, at least in part, through sequestration of the transcriptional coactivator cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein-binding protein and suggests a novel effect of retinoid excess on Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goyette
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyses the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a carbon donor for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. Severe MTHFR deficiency is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria. These patients show a wide variety of neurological and vascular symptoms, with variable age of onset. Residual enzyme activity is usually less than 20% of control values, and correlates reasonably well with age of onset of symptoms. A milder deficiency of MTHFR, with 30%-50% residual enzyme activity and increased enzyme thermolability, has been described as a risk factor for vascular disease and for neural tube defects. In earlier work, we isolated the human cDNA for MTHFR, and reported 14 mutations in severe MTHFR deficiency, as well as a common 677C-->T missense mutation (Ala-->Val) that encodes the thermolabile MTHFR. This variant has also been observed in some patients with severe MTHFR deficiency, in cis with their severe mutations. We report here the in vitro expression of seven severe MTHFR mutations in a bacterial expression system; six of these were expressed in cis with the Val allele to mimic the situation in the patients. We show that three of these constructs have significantly reduced enzyme activity (<10% of control); the presence of the thermolabile variant in these patients in cis is unlikely to affect enzyme function since activity is already low. One mutation causes a dramatic increase in activity when it is expressed in cis with the Ala allele, but is associated with extreme lability when in cis with the Val allele. Three mutations cause moderate decreases in enzyme activity, with a further decrease in activity when they are in cis with the Val allele. We hypothesize that deleterious mutations which alter stability may be compromised to a greater degree when the thermolabile variant is present on the same allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goyette
- Department of Human Genetics, Pediatrics and Biology, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
Retinoids are essential for normal epidermal growth and differentiation and show potential for the prevention or treatment of various epithelial neoplasms. The retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, -beta, and -gamma) are transducers of the retinoid signal. The epidermis expresses RARgamma and RARalpha, both of which are potential mediators of the effects of retinoids in the epidermis. To further investigate the role(s) of these receptors, we derived transformed keratinocyte lines from wild-type, RARalpha, RARgamma, and RARalphagamma null mice and investigated their response to retinoids, including growth inhibition, markers of growth and differentiation, and AP-1 activity. Our results indicate that RARgamma is the principle receptor contributing to all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-mediated growth arrest in this system. This effect partially correlated with inhibition of AP-1 activity. In the absence of RARs, the synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide inhibited growth; this was not observed with RA, 9-cis RA, or the synthetic retinoid (E)-4-[2-(5, 5, 8, 8 tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl] benzoic acid. Finally, both RARalpha and RARgamma differently affected the expression of some genes, suggesting both specific and overlapping roles for the RARs in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goyette
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, and the Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins, Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
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Goyette P, Pai A, Milos R, Frosst P, Tran P, Chen Z, Chan M, Rozen R. Gene structure of human and mouse methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Mamm Genome 1998; 9:652-6. [PMID: 9680386 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. A human cDNA for MTHFR, 2.2 kb in length, has been expressed and shown to result in a catalytically active enzyme of approximately 70 kDa. Fifteen mutations have been identified in the MTHFR gene: 14 rare mutations associated with severe enzymatic deficiency and 1 common variant associated with a milder deficiency. The common polymorphism has been implicated in three multifactorial diseases: occlusive vascular disease, neural tube defects, and colon cancer. The human gene has been mapped to chromosomal region 1p36.3 while the mouse gene has been localized to distal Chromosome (Chr) 4. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the human and mouse genes for MTHFR. A human genomic clone (17 kb) was found to contain the entire cDNA sequence of 2.2 kb; there were 11 exons ranging in size from 102 bp to 432 bp. Intron sizes ranged from 250 bp to 1.5 kb with one exception of 4.2 kb. The mouse genomic clones (19 kb) start 7 kb 5' exon 1 and extend to the end of the coding sequence. The mouse amino acid sequence is approximately 90% identical to the corresponding human sequence. The exon sizes, locations of intronic boundaries, and intron sizes are also quite similar between the two species. The availability of human genomic clones has been useful in designing primers for exon amplification and mutation detection. The mouse genomic clones will be helpful in designing constructs for gene targeting and generation of mouse models for MTHFR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goyette
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goyette
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Christensen B, Frosst P, Lussier-Cacan S, Selhub J, Goyette P, Rosenblatt DS, Genest J, Rozen R. Correlation of a common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene with plasma homocysteine in patients with premature coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:569-73. [PMID: 9102178 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.3.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for occlusive arterial disease, can be caused by disruptions of homocysteine metabolism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. A common mutation in MTHFR, an alanine-to-valine substitution, may contribute to mild hyperhomocysteinemia in coronary artery disease (CAD). To test this hypothesis, we studied 152 patients with CAD by mutation analysis, MTHFR enzymatic assays, and measurements of plasma homocysteine and several vitamins. The MTHFR mutation was associated with reduced enzymatic activity and increased enzyme thermo-lability in these patients. The difference in the prevalence of the homozygous mutant genotype between the CAD patients (14%) and an unmatched group of healthy subjects (10%) was not significant. However, individuals with the homozygous mutant genotype had higher plasma homocysteine, particularly when plasma folate was below the median value. This genetic-environmental interaction is proposed to be a risk factor for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Christensen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Leclerc D, Campeau E, Goyette P, Adjalla CE, Christensen B, Ross M, Eydoux P, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R, Gravel RA. Human methionine synthase: cDNA cloning and identification of mutations in patients of the cblG complementation group of folate/cobalamin disorders. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:1867-74. [PMID: 8968737 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.12.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine synthase catalyzes the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine in a methylcobalamin-dependent reaction. We used specific regions of homology within the methionine synthase sequences of several lower organisms to clone a human methionine synthase cDNA by a combination of RT-PCR and inverse PCR. The enzyme is 1265 amino acids in length and contains the seven residue structure-based sequence fingerprint identified for cobalamin-containing enzymes. The gene was localized to chromosome 1q43 by the FISH technique. We have identified one missense mutation and a 3 bp deletion in patients of the cblG complementation group of inherited homocysteine/folate disorders by SSCP and sequence analysis, as well as an amino acid substitution present in high frequency in the general population. We discuss the possibility that a mild deficiency of methionine synthase activity could be associated with mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and possibly neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leclerc
- MRC Group in Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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