1
|
Duff P, Sou J, Chapman J, Dobrer S, Braschel M, Goldenberg S, Shannon K. Poor working conditions and work stress among Canadian sex workers. Occup Med (Lond) 2018; 67:515-521. [PMID: 29016896 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While sex work is often considered the world's oldest profession, there remains a dearth of research on work stress among sex workers (SWs) in occupational health epidemiological literature. A better understanding of the drivers of work stress among SWs is needed to inform sex work policy, workplace models and standards. Aims To examine the factors that influence work stress among SWs in Metro Vancouver. Methods Analyses drew from a longitudinal cohort of SWs, known as An Evaluation of Sex Workers' Health Access (AESHA) (2010-14). A modified standardized 'work stress' scale, multivariable linear regression with generalized estimating equations was used to longitudinally examine the factors associated with work stress. Results In multivariable analysis, poor working conditions were associated with increased work stress and included workplace physical/sexual violence (β = 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06, 0.29), displacement due to police (β = 0.26; 95% CI 0.14, 0.38), working in public spaces (β = 0.73; 95% CI 0.61, 0.84). Older (β = -0.02; 95% CI -0.03, -0.01) and Indigenous SWs experienced lower work stress (β = -0.25; 95% CI -0.43, -0.08), whereas non-injection (β = 0.32; 95% CI 0.14, 0.49) and injection drug users (β = 0.17; 95% CI 0.03, 0.31) had higher work stress. Conclusions Vancouver-based SWs' work stress was largely shaped by poor work conditions, such as violence, policing, lack of safe workspaces. There is a need to move away from criminalized approaches which shape unsafe work conditions and increase work stress for SWs. Policies that promote SWs' access to the same occupational health, safety and human rights standards as workers in other labour sectors are also needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Duff
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - J Sou
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - J Chapman
- Sex Workers United Against Violence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Dobrer
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - M Braschel
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - S Goldenberg
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K Shannon
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramacciotti E, Galego S, Gomes M, Goldenberg S, Gomes PDO, Ortiz JP. Fistula Size and Hemodynamics: An Experimental Model in Canine Femoral Arteriovenous Fistulas. J Vasc Access 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/112972980700800107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective was to evaluate the impact of anastomosis diameter on blood flow in an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), comparing two different anastomosis sizes with a modified side-to-side technique in canine femoral arteries. Methods Ten mongrel dogs were subjected to two AVFs each, both using a modified side-to-side technique. On one side, the anastomosis diameter was 1.5 times the arterial diameter and on the other side 3.0 times the arterial diameter. Mean proximal and caudal blood flow and mean venous flow were measured using an electronic flowmeter 15, 20 and 25 min after surgery. The Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were used for data analysis (α ≤ 0.05). Results Femoral artery flow cranial to the fistula became 5.6 times greater in the 1.5 arterial diameter group, and 8.4 times greater in the 3.0 arterial diameter group, when compared to initial arterial flow. The mean flow in the cranial vein was greater in the 3.0 group (10.09 times greater vs. 6.46 times greater in the 1.5 group). Both in the proximal artery and in the vein there was a significantly greater flow in the group with the larger anastomosis diameter (Wilcoxon test). In the femoral artery caudal to the fistula, the flow in most of the animals was reversed: 3.5 times greater in the 1.5 group and 1.2 times greater in the 3.0 group, without statistical difference. Conclusions These results suggest that 3.0 times the arterial diameter for the AVF size in dogs leads to greater venous flow than with 1.5 times the arterial diameter, without increasing the reversed flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ramacciotti
- Hospital e Maternidade Dr Christóvão da Gama, Santo André, São Paulo - Brazil
| | - S.J. Galego
- Hospital e Maternidade Dr Christóvão da Gama, Santo André, São Paulo - Brazil
| | - M. Gomes
- Hospital e Maternidade Dr Christóvão da Gama, Santo André, São Paulo - Brazil
| | - S. Goldenberg
- Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFES São Paulo - Brazil
| | | | - J. Pinto Ortiz
- University of São Paulo, USP, Polytechnic School of São Paulo - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walker J, Moore G, Collins S, Parks S, Garvey MI, Lamagni T, Smith G, Dawkin L, Goldenberg S, Chand M. Microbiological problems and biofilms associated with Mycobacterium chimaera in heater-cooler units used for cardiopulmonary bypass. J Hosp Infect 2017; 96:209-220. [PMID: 28532976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of heater-cooler units (HCUs) in the transmission of Mycobacterium chimaera during open heart surgery has been recognized since 2013. Subsequent investigations uncovered a remarkable global outbreak reflecting the wide distribution of implicated devices. HCUs are an essential component of cardiopulmonary bypass operations and their withdrawal would severely affect capacity for life-saving cardiac surgery. However, studies have demonstrated that many HCUs are contaminated with a wide range of micro-organisms, including M. chimaera and complex biofilms. Whole genome sequencing of M. chimaera isolates recovered from one manufacturer's HCUs, worldwide, has demonstrated a high level of genetic similarity, for which the most plausible hypothesis is a point source contamination of the devices. Dissemination of bioaerosols through breaches in the HCU water tanks is the most likely route of transmission and airborne bacteria have been shown to have reached the surgical field even with the use of ultraclean theatre ventilation. Controlling the microbiological quality of the water circulating in HCUs and reducing biofilm formation has been a major challenge for many hospitals. However, enhanced decontamination strategies have been recommended by manufacturers, and, although they are not always effective in eradicating M. chimaera from HCUs, UK hospitals have not reported any new cases of M. chimaera infection since implementing these mitigation strategies. Water safety groups in hospitals should be aware that water in medical devices such as HCUs may act as a vector in the transmission of potentially fatal water-borne infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Walker
- Biosafety, Air and Water Microbiology Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
| | - G Moore
- Biosafety, Air and Water Microbiology Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - S Collins
- Biosafety, Air and Water Microbiology Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - S Parks
- Biosafety, Air and Water Microbiology Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - M I Garvey
- Infection Prevention and Control Team, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Lamagni
- Healthcare-Associated Infection & Antimicrobial Resistance Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - G Smith
- Public Health England National Mycobacterial Reference Service, Birmingham Public Health Laboratory, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Dawkin
- Estates and Facilities, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Walsall, UK
| | - S Goldenberg
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, King's College, London and Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Chand
- Reference Microbiology, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory Infections, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anderson S, Shannon K, Li J, Lee Y, Chettiar J, Goldenberg S, Krüsi A. Condoms and sexual health education as evidence: impact of criminalization of in-call venues and managers on migrant sex workers access to HIV/STI prevention in a Canadian setting. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2016; 16:30. [PMID: 27855677 PMCID: PMC5114757 DOI: 10.1186/s12914-016-0104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite a large body of evidence globally demonstrating that the criminalization of sex workers increases HIV/STI risks, we know far less about the impact of criminalization and policing of managers and in-call establishments on HIV/STI prevention among sex workers, and even less so among migrant sex workers. Methods Analysis draws on ethnographic fieldwork and 46 qualitative interviews with migrant sex workers, managers and business owners of in-call sex work venues in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Results The criminalization of in-call venues and third parties explicitly limits sex workers’ access to HIV/STI prevention, including manager restrictions on condoms and limited onsite access to sexual health information and HIV/STI testing. With limited labour protections and socio-cultural barriers, criminalization and policing undermine the health and human rights of migrant sex workers working in –call venues. Conclusions This research supports growing evidence-based calls for decriminalization of sex work, including the removal of criminal sanctions targeting third parties and in-call venues, alongside programs and policies that better protect the working conditions of migrant sex workers as critical to HIV/STI prevention and human rights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Anderson
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - K Shannon
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - J Li
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Y Lee
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - J Chettiar
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - S Goldenberg
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - A Krüsi
- Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim R, Goldenberg S, Duff P, Nguyen P, Gibson K, Shannon K. High uptake of a women-only and sex-work-specific drop in center independently linked to sexual and reproductive health care for sex workers. Contraception 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Kim R, Goldenberg S, Duff P, Gibson K, Shannon K. High uptake of a women-only and sex work-specific drop in centre:
independently linked to sexual and reproductive health care for sex
workers. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
7
|
Zych J, Stimamiglio MA, Senegaglia AC, Brofman PRS, Dallagiovanna B, Goldenberg S, Correa A. The epigenetic modifiers 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A influence adipocyte differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2014; 46:405-16. [PMID: 23797495 PMCID: PMC3854397 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification are
important in stem cell differentiation. Methylation is principally associated
with transcriptional repression, and histone acetylation is correlated with an
active chromatin state. We determined the effects of these epigenetic mechanisms
on adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone
marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (ADSCs) using the chromatin-modifying agents
trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and
5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5azadC), a demethylating agent. Subconfluent MSC
cultures were treated with 5, 50, or 500 nM TSA or with 1, 10, or
100 µM 5azadC for 2 days before the initiation of adipogenesis. The
differentiation was quantified and expression of the adipocyte genes PPARG and
FABP4 and of the anti-adipocyte gene GATA2 was evaluated. TSA decreased
adipogenesis, except in BM-MSCs treated with 5 nM TSA. Only treatment
with 500 nM TSA decreased cell proliferation. 5azadC treatment decreased
proliferation and adipocyte differentiation in all conditions evaluated,
resulting in the downregulation of PPARG and FABP4 and the upregulation of
GATA2. The response to treatment was stronger in ADSCs than in BM-MSCs,
suggesting that epigenetic memories may differ between cells of different
origins. As epigenetic signatures affect differentiation, it should be possible
to direct the use of MSCs in cell therapies to improve process efficiency by
considering the various sources available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zych
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Halligan E, Edgeworth J, Bisnauthsing K, Bible J, Cliff P, Aarons E, Klein J, Patel A, Goldenberg S. Multiplex molecular testing for management of infectious gastroenteritis in a hospital setting: a comparative diagnostic and clinical utility study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O460-7. [PMID: 24274687 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory diagnosis and clinical management of inpatients with diarrhoea is complex and time consuming. Tests are often requested sequentially and undertaken in different laboratories. This causes prolonged unnecessary presumptive isolation of patients, because most cases are non-infectious. A molecular multiplex test (Luminex(®) Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (GPP)) was compared with conventional testing over 8 months to determine diagnostic accuracy, turnaround times, laboratory costs, use of isolation facilities and user acceptability. A total of 262 (12%) patients had a pathogen detected by conventional methods compared with 483 (22.1%) by GPP. Most additional cases were detected in patients developing symptoms in the first 4 days of admission. Additional cases were detected because of presumed improved diagnostic sensitivity but also because clinicians had not requested the correct pathogen. Turnaround time (41.8 h) was faster than bacterial culture (66.5 h) and parasite investigation (66.5 h) but slower than conventional testing for Clostridium difficile (17.3 h) and viruses (27 h). The test could allow simplified requesting by clinicians and a consolidated laboratory workflow, reducing the overall number of specimens received by the laboratory. A total of 154 isolation days were saved at an estimated cost of £30 800. Consumables and labour were estimated at £150 641 compared with £63 431 for conventional testing. Multiplex molecular testing using a panel of targets allowed enhanced detection and a consolidated laboratory workflow. This is likely to be of greater benefit to cases that present within the first 4 days of hospital admission.
Collapse
|
9
|
Turner KM, Round J, Deol A, Horner P, Macleod J, Goldenberg S, Adams E. P5.082 What Are the Costs and Benefits of Implementing Point of Care Tests For Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in Genitourinary Medicine Clinics? Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
10
|
Adams EJ, Ehrlich A, Turner KME, Shah K, Macleod J, Goldenberg S, Pearce V, Horner PJ. P2.012 Clinical Care Pathways Using Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea Tests Are Evolving: Point of Care Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests May Reduce Genitourinary Medicine Service Delivery Costs. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
11
|
Garcia Silva MR, Frugier M, Tosar J, Parodi A, Rovira C, Robello C, Goldenberg S, Cayota A. Trypanosoma cruzi produces a population of tRNA-derived small RNAs which are recruited to specific cytoplasmic granules and secreted to the extracellular medium. BMC Proc 2011. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s1-o7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
12
|
Garcia Silva MR, Frugier M, Tosar J, Parodi A, Rovira C, Robello C, Goldenberg S, Cayota A. Trypanosoma cruzi produces a population of tRNA-derived small RNAs which are recruited to specific cytoplasmic granules and secreted to the extracellular medium. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3019410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MR Garcia Silva
- Functional Genomics, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Frugier
- Institut de Biologie Moleculaire Cellulaire., Strasbourg, France
| | - J Tosar
- Functional Genomics, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Parodi
- Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Rovira
- Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Robello
- Functional Genomics, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S Goldenberg
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Parana, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A Cayota
- Functional Genomics, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay,Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alves FA, Souza MT, Gonçalves EC, Schneider MPC, Marinho AM, Muniz JAPC, Fragoso SP, Krieger MA, Goldenberg S, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Carvalho LJM. DNA sequencing of 13 cytokine gene fragments of Aotus infulatus and Saimiri sciureus, two non-human primate models for malaria. Cytokine 2010; 52:151-5. [PMID: 20943414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aotus and Saimiri are non-human primate models recommended by the World Health Organization for experimental studies in malaria, especially for vaccine pre-clinical trials. However, research using these primates is hindered by the lack of specific reagents to evaluate immune responses to infection or vaccination. As a step toward developing molecular tools for cytokine expression studies in these species, primer pairs for 18 cytokine gene fragments were designed based on human DNA sequences and used to amplify the corresponding genes in Aotus infulatus and Saimiri sciureus genomic DNA samples. IFNγ, TNFα, LTA, IL2, IL3, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, IL13, CSF2 and TGFβ2 gene fragments were amplified and sequenced. Primer pairs for IL8, IL17, IL18, IL27 and MIF failed to generate amplification products. When compared to the available corresponding human and non-human primate sequences, most--except IL3 and IL4--showed identity degrees above 90%. Small variations in sequence can help to explain the failure to amplify certain genes or the amplification only at lower annealing temperatures as compared to human DNA samples for several primer pairs. The sequences made available provide the basis for designing molecular tools such as primers for real time PCR specific for A. infulatus and/or S. sciureus. The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned accession numbers DQ985386 to DQ985389, DQ989356 to DQ989369, FJ89020 to FJ89024, and FJ89029.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Alves
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), FIOCRUZ and SVS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Goldenberg S, Cliff P, French G. Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Sadek M, Hynecek R, Goldenberg S. Gene Expression Analysis of a Porcine Native Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model. J Vasc Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Rebelatto CK, Aguiar AM, Moretão MP, Senegaglia AC, Hansen P, Barchiki F, Oliveira J, Martins J, Kuligovski C, Mansur F, Christofis A, Amaral VF, Brofman PS, Goldenberg S, Nakao LS, Correa A. Dissimilar differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and adipose tissue. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:901-13. [PMID: 18445775 DOI: 10.3181/0712-rm-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated as promising candidates for use in new cell-based therapeutic strategies such as mesenchyme-derived tissue repair. MSCs are easily isolated from adult tissues and are not ethically restricted. MSC-related literature, however, is conflicting in relation to MSC differentiation potential and molecular markers. Here we compared MSCs isolated from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord blood (UCB), and adipose tissue (AT). The isolation efficiency for both BM and AT was 100%, but that from UCB was only 30%. MSCs from these tissues are morphologically and immunophenotypically similar although their differentiation diverges. Differentiation to osteoblasts and chondroblasts was similar among MSCs from all sources, as analyzed by cytochemistry. Adipogenic differentiation showed that UCB-derived MSCs produced few and small lipid vacuoles in contrast to those of BM-derived MSCs and AT-derived stem cells (ADSCs) (arbitrary differentiation values of 245.57 +/- 943 and 243.89 +/- 145.52 mum(2) per nucleus, respectively). The mean area occupied by individual lipid droplets was 7.37 mum(2) for BM-derived MSCs and 2.36 mum(2) for ADSCs, a finding indicating more mature adipocytes in BM-derived MSCs than in treated cultures of ADSCs. We analyzed FAPB4, ALP, and type II collagen gene expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to confirm adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, respectively. Results showed that all three sources presented a similar capacity for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation and they differed in their adipogenic potential. Therefore, it may be crucial to predetermine the most appropriate MSC source for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Rebelatto
- Laboratorio Experimental de Cultivo Celular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goldenberg S, Shoveller J, Ostry A, Koehoorn M. Youth sexual behaviour in a boomtown: implications for the control of sexually transmitted infections. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 84:220-3. [PMID: 18096646 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2007.027219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Northeastern British Columbia, Canada, is undergoing rapid in-migration of young, primarily male, workers in response to the "boom" in the oil/gas industries. Chlamydia rates in the region exceed the provincial average by 32% (294.6 cases per 100 000 persons compared with 213.3). Evidence indicates that sociocultural and structural determinants of young people's sexual health are key to consider in the design of interventions. OBJECTIVES To investigate how sociocultural and structural features related to the oil/gas boom are perceived to affect the sexual behaviour of youth in a Northeastern "boomtown". METHODS The study included ethnographic fieldwork (8 weeks) and in-depth interviews with 25 youth (ages 15-25 years) and 14 health/social service providers. RESULTS Participants identified four main ways in which the sociocultural and structural conditions created by the boom affect sexual behaviours, fuelling the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs): mobility of oil/gas workers; binge partying; high levels of disposable income and gendered power dynamics. CONCLUSIONS The sociocultural and structural conditions that are fostered by a resource-extraction boom appear to exacerbate sexual health inequalities among youths who live and work in these rapidly urbanising, remote locales. To meet the needs of this population, we recommend STI prevention and testing service delivery models that incorporate STI testing outreach to oil/gas workers and condom distribution. Global, national and local STI control efforts should consider the realities and needs of similar subpopulations of young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Goldenberg
- University of British Columbia, Department of Health Care & Epidemiology, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Parodi-Talice A, Monteiro-Goes V, Arrambide N, Avila AR, Duran R, Correa A, Dallagiovanna B, Cayota A, Krieger M, Goldenberg S, Robello C. Proteomic analysis of metacyclic trypomastigotes undergoing Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis. J Mass Spectrom 2007; 42:1422-1432. [PMID: 17960573 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of the Chagas disease, has a complex life cycle alternating between replicative and noninfective forms with nonreplicative and infective forms of the parasite. Metacyclogenesis is a process that takes place in the invertebrate host, comprising morphogenetic transformation from a noninfective form to an infective form, such that parasites acquire the ability to invade human cells. We analyze here the metacyclogenesis process by 2D electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF MS. A large proportion of unique proteins expressed during metacyclogenesis were observed. Interestingly, 50% of the spots were found to differ between epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. We provide a 2D map of the infective metacyclic trypomastigotes. Sixty six protein spots were successfully identified corresponding to 43 different proteins. We analyzed the expression profiles for the identified proteins along metacyclogenesis and classified them into three groups according to their maximal level of expression. We detected several isoforms for a number of proteins, some displaying differential expression during metacyclogenesis. These results suggest that posttranslational modifications may be a fundamental part of the parasite's strategy for regulating gene expression during differentiation. This study contributes to the identification of relevant proteins involved in the metacyclogenesis process. The identification and molecular characterization of these proteins will render vital information about the steps of the parasite differentiation into the infective form.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ramacciotti E, Galego SJ, Gomes M, Goldenberg S, De Oliveira Gomes P, Pinto Ortiz J. Fistula size and hemodynamics: an experimental model in canine femoral arteriovenous fistulas. J Vasc Access 2007; 8:33-43. [PMID: 17393369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to evaluate the impact of anastomosis diameter on blood flow in an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), comparing two different anastomosis sizes with a modified side-to-side technique in canine femoral arteries. METHODS Ten mongrel dogs were subjected to two AVFs each, both using a modified side-to-side technique. On one side, the anastomosis diameter was 1.5 times the arterial diameter and on the other side 3.0 times the arterial diameter. Mean proximal and caudal blood flow and mean venous flow were measured using an electronic flowmeter 15, 20 and 25 min after surgery. The Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were used for data analysis (alpha < or = 0.05). RESULTS Femoral artery flow cranial to the fistula became 5.6 times greater in the 1.5 arterial diameter group, and 8.4 times greater in the 3.0 arterial diameter group, when compared to initial arterial flow. The mean flow in the cranial vein was greater in the 3.0 group (10.09 times greater vs. 6.46 times greater in the 1.5 group). Both in the proximal artery and in the vein there was a significantly greater flow in the group with the larger anastomosis diameter (Wilcoxon test). In the femoral artery caudal to the fistula, the flow in most of the animals was reversed: 3.5 times greater in the 1.5 group and 1.2 times greater in the 3.0 group, without statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 3.0 times the arterial diameter for the AVF size in dogs leads to greater venous flow than with 1.5 times the arterial diameter, without increasing the reversed flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ramacciotti
- Hospital e Maternidade Dr Christóvão da Gama, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pereira VRA, Lorena VMB, Da Silva APG, Coutinho EM, Silvas ED, Ferreira AGP, Miranda P, Krieger MA, Goldenberg S, Soares MBP, Correa-Oliveira R, Gomes YM. Immunization with cytoplasmic repetitive antigen and flagellar repetitive antigen of Trypanosoma cruzi stimulates a cellular immune response in mice. Parasitology 2005; 129:563-70. [PMID: 15552401 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we demonstrated that CRA and FRA recombinant proteins, used for diagnosis of Chagas' disease, elicited a humoral immune response in susceptible and resistant mice. To understand better the immune response to these proteins, we have evaluated, the cellular immune response in CRA- and in FRA-immunized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. A specific cellular lymphoproliferative response was observed in both strains of mice. Spleen cell cultures mainly from CRA-immunized C57BL/6 and FRA-immunized BALB/c mice produced high levels of IFN-y, indicating the induction of a Type 1 immune response. Regarding the T cell subsets, CD4+ T cells were the major source of IFN-y in CRA- and FRA-immunized mice. These results suggest that CRA and FRA are important immunogens in inducing a Type 1 immune response and that they may be considered as potential vaccine antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V R A Pereira
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gadelha AAM, Verçosa AFA, Lorena VMB, Nakazawa M, Carvalho AB, Souza WV, Ferreira AGP, Silva ED, Krieger MA, Goldenberg S, Gomes YM. Chagas' disease diagnosis: comparative analysis of recombinant ELISA with conventional ELISA and the haemagglutination test. Vox Sang 2003; 85:165-70. [PMID: 14516446 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2003.00340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Serological screening for Chagas' disease in the blood banks of South America is carried out by using two different assays that generally show a high number of inconclusive results. To establish a combination of two tests that can minimize the number of inconclusive results, we compared a recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with two conventional tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples from chagasic patients (n = 112), from non-chagasic individuals (n = 143) and from patients with other diseases (n = 32) were tested using three assays: recombinant ELISA (Rec-ELISA); conventional ELISA (Con-ELISA); and the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. RESULTS When we evaluated the data by matching the Rec-ELISA and the IHA test, 52 inconclusive results were obtained. When Rec-ELISA and Con-ELISA were matched, only four inconclusive results were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation indicates that the use of two ELISAs with different antigen preparations provides an effective test combination for blood bank screening of Chagas' disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A M Gadelha
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salmon D, Montero-Lomeli M, Goldenberg S. A DnaJ-like protein homologous to the yeast co-chaperone Sis1 (TcJ6p) is involved in initiation of translation in Trypanosoma cruzi. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43970-9. [PMID: 11551903 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102427200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, proteins homologous to the bacterial DnaJ protein are involved in regulation of the Hsp70 molecular chaperones, which are implicated in a variety of protein biogenesis pathways. We report herewith the molecular characterization of a T. cruzi DnaJ gene, termed TcJ6, encoding a protein that displays high sequence homology with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sis1 co-chaperone required for the initiation of translation. TcJ6 protein was expressed as a polypeptide of 36.5 kDa at a constant level during parasite differentiation and was associated to the cytoplasmic fraction. We showed that overexpression of TcJ6 complemented a temperature-sensitive yeast sis1 mutant. In addition, sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis of polysomes from T. cruzi and a yeast mutant overexpressing TcJ6p showed that the trypanosomal co-chaperone was closely associated with ribosomal subunits, 80 S monosomes and the smaller polysomes, as observed for Sis1p. Furthermore, in T. cruzi TcJ6p was also found to be preferentially concentrated around the nucleus, giving a speckled staining pattern. This suggests that TcJ6p is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Taken together, these data suggest that the trypanosomal DnaJ is involved in initiation of translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Salmon
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Trapani S, Linss J, Goldenberg S, Fischer H, Craievich AF, Oliva G. Crystal structure of the dimeric phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) from Trypanosoma cruzi at 2 A resolution. J Mol Biol 2001; 313:1059-72. [PMID: 11700062 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) (ATP: oxaloacetate carboxylyase (transphosphorylating), EC 4.1.1.49) is a key enzyme involved in the catabolism of glucose and amino acids in the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease. Due to the significant differences in the amino acid sequence and substrate specificity of the human enzyme (PEPCK (GTP-dependent), EC 4.1.1.32), the parasite enzyme has been considered a good target for the development of new anti-chagasic drugs. We have solved the crystal structure of the recombinant PEPCK of T. cruzi up to 2.0 A resolution, characterised the dimeric organisation of the enzyme by solution small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and compared the enzyme structure with the known crystal structure of the monomeric PEPCK from Escherichia coli. The dimeric structure possesses 2-fold symmetry, with each monomer sharing a high degree of structural similarity with the monomeric structure of the E. coli PEPCK. Each monomer folds into two complex mixed alpha/beta domains, with the active site located in a deep cleft between the domains. The two active sites in the dimer are far apart from each other, in an arrangement that seems to permit an independent access of the substrates to the two active sites. All residues of the E. coli PEPCK structure that had been found to interact with substrates and metal cofactors have been found conserved and in a substantially equivalent spatial disposition in the T. cruzi PEPCK structure. No substrate or metal ion was present in the crystal structure. A sulphate ion from the crystallisation medium has been found bound to the active site. Solution SAXS data suggest that, in solutions with lower sulphate concentration than that used for the crystallisation experiments, the actual enzyme conformation may be slightly different from its conformation in the crystal structure. This could be due to a conformational transition upon sulphate binding, similar to the ATP-induced transition observed in the E. coli PEPCK, or to crystal packing effects. The present structure of the T. cruzi PEPCK will provide a good basis for the modelling of new anti-chagasic drug leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Trapani
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Avila AR, Yamada-Ogatta SF, da Silva Monteiro V, Krieger MA, Nakamura CV, de Souza W, Goldenberg S. Cloning and characterization of the metacyclogenin gene, which is specifically expressed during Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2001; 117:169-77. [PMID: 11606227 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a gene that is differentially expressed during Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis by the representation of differential expression (RDE) method, using differentiating epimastigotes cultured in chemically defined medium. This gene, the metacyclogenin gene, encodes a 630-nucleotide mRNA that is specifically associated with the polysomes of epimastigotes allowed to differentiate for 24 h. We sequenced and characterized the metacyclogenin gene and found that there were at least three copies of the gene organized into tandem 2.8 kb repeats in the genome of T. cruzi Dm28c. We analyzed the repeats and found that they contained two other genes, one encoding tryparedoxin peroxidase and the other encoding a 0.6 kb mRNA (named associated gene or AG) with sequences showing no significant similarity to those in the GenBank database. Northern blot analysis of polysomal RNA extracted from replicating and differentiating epimastigotes showed that metacyclogenin and AG genes displayed similar patterns of expression. Their products were detected only in differentiating epimastigotes, whereas tryparedoxin peroxidase was detected only in the polysomal RNA fraction of replicating and differentiating epimastigotes. In Northern blots of total RNA from differentiating and replicating epimastigotes, the genes studied were detected in both cell populations. The differential expression of the metacyclogenin gene was confirmed by immunocytochemistry studies showing that the protein is detected only in differentiating (adhered) epimastigote. The results suggest that mRNA mobilization to polysomes is an important mechanism in the regulation of gene expression in T. cruzi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Avila
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dallagiovanna B, Plazanet-Menut C, Ogatta SF, Avila AR, Krieger MA, Goldenberg S. Trypanosoma cruzi: a gene family encoding chitin-binding-like proteins is posttranscriptionally regulated during metacyclogenesis. Exp Parasitol 2001; 99:7-16. [PMID: 11708829 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2001.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of the representation of differential expression method has lead to the cloning of Trypanosoma cruzi stage-specific genes. We used this method to characterize a multicopy gene family differentially expressed during metacyclogenesis. The genomic and cDNA clones sequenced encoded three short cysteine-rich polypeptides, of two types, with predicted molecular masses of 7.1, 10.4, and 10.8 kDa. We searched GenBank for similar sequences and found that the sequences of these clones were similar to that encoding the wheat germ agglutinin protein. The region of similarity corresponds to the chitin-binding domain, with eight similarly positioned half-cysteines and conserved aromatic residues involved in chitin recognition. Multiple copies of the genes of this family are present on a high- molecular-mass chromosome. We studied the expression of genes of this family during metacyclogenesis by determining messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. The mRNAs for the members of this gene family were present in the total RNA fraction but were mobilized to the polysomal fraction of adhered (differentiating) epimastigotes during metacyclogenesis, with a peak of accumulation at 24 of differentiation. Polyclonal antisera were raised against a recombinant protein and a synthetic peptide. The specific sera obtained detected 7- and 11-kDa proteins in T. cruzi total protein extracts. The 11-kDa protein was present in similar amounts in the various cell populations, whereas the 7-kDa protein displayed differential synthesis during metacyclogenesis, with maximal levels in 24-h-adhered (differentiating) epimastigotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Dallagiovanna
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná, IBMP, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, 8135-010 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gomes YM, Pereira VR, Nakazawa M, Rosa DS, Barros MD, Ferreira AG, Silva ED, Ogatta SF, Krieger MA, Goldenberg S. Serodiagnosis of chronic Chagas infection by using EIE-Recombinant-Chagas-Biomanguinhos kit. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 96:497-501. [PMID: 11391421 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762001000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A kit based on an enzyme immunoassay, EIE-Recombinant-Chagas-Biomanguinhos, developed by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of chronic Chagas disease. Evaluation was performed with 368 serum samples collected from individuals living in an endemic area for Chagas disease: 131 patients in the chronic phase with confirmed clinical, epidemiological, and serological diagnosis (indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and 237 nonchagasic seronegative individuals were considered negative control. The EIE-Recombinant-Chagas-Biomanguinhos kit showed high sensitivity, 100% (CI 95%: 96.4-100%) and high specificity, 100% (CI 95%: 98-100%). The data obtained were in full agreement with clinical and conventional serology data. In addition, no cross-reaction was observed with sera from patients with cutaneous (n=14) and visceral (n=3) leishmaniasis. However, when these sera were tested by conventional serological assays for Chagas disease, cross-reactions were detected in 14.3% and 33.3% of the patients with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. No cross-reactions were observed when sera from nonchagasic seronegative patients bearing other infectious disease (syphilis, n=8; HTLV, n=8; HCV, n=7 and HBV, n=12) were tested. In addition, sera of patients with inconclusive results for Chagas disease by conventional serology showed results in agreement with clinical evaluation, when tested by the kit. These results are relevant and indicate that the referred kit provides a safe immunodiagnosis of Chagas disease and could be used in blood bank screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Gomes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krieger MA, Avila AR, Ogatta SF, Plazanet-Menut C, Goldenberg S. Differential gene expression during Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 94 Suppl 1:165-8. [PMID: 10677707 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761999000700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of epimastigotes into metacyclic trypomastigotes involves changes in the pattern of expressed genes, resulting in important morphological and functional differences between these developmental forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. In order to identify and characterize genes involved in triggering the metacyclogenesis process and in conferring to metacyclic trypomastigotes their stage specific biological properties, we have developed a method allowing the isolation of genes specifically expressed when comparing two close related cell populations (representation of differential expression or RDE). The method is based on the PCR amplification of gene sequences selected by hybridizing and subtracting the populations in such a way that after some cycles of hybridization-amplification genes specific to a given population are highly enriched. The use of this method in the analysis of differential gene expression during T. cruzi metacyclogenesis (6 hr and 24 hr of differentiation and metacyclic trypomastigotes) resulted in the isolation of several clones from each time point. Northern blot analysis showed that some genes are transiently expressed (6 hr and 24 hr differentiating cells), while others are present in differentiating cells and in metacyclic trypomastigotes. Nucleotide sequencing of six clones characterized so far showed that they do not display any homology to gene sequences available in the GeneBank.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Krieger
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bins Ely J, Fagundes D, Gomes PO, Pereira Filho OJ, Goldenberg S. Tenorrhaphy and tendinous venous envelope (TVE). A morphofunctional study in 24 beagles dogs. Chir Main 2000; 18:226-35. [PMID: 10855326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A morphofunctional study was undertaken in 24 Beagle dogs subjected to a a tenorrhaphy, in order to evaluate the results obtained with 3 different surgical procedures (16 hands each)--"traditional" (TRAD); the "tendinous venous envelope" (TVE), and the "simulated procedure" (SHAM). The surgical tissue (n = 48) was the extensor digitorum communis muscle of the hand (forepaw) bilaterally. For TRAD procedure, the Bunnell suture technique was applied. For the TVE procedure, the tenorrhaphy site was wrapped in a segment of autologous femoral vein and for the SHAM procedure, the tendon was exposed over 3 cm without sectioning it and the wound was closed. In each case, the limb was immobilised for 21 days in a cast. Functional data (288 X-rays) was obtained on angle variations of the radio-carpal joint in 2 different positions--passive (physiological), and forced (with an additional weight of 150 g). For each position, the angle variation obtained for each one of the surgical procedures were compared at 3 different times: day zero (surgical intervention), day 21 (cast removal), and day 35 (surgical tissue removal). Morphological data (144 sections) was obtained by analyzing the surgical tissue (tendinous fibrosis; fusion of the tendon clusters with the epimysium and the neighboring tissues; synovitis and the virtual space between the tendon and the neosheath). Tests of variance analysis by posts (critical H = 5.99), showed that the TVE procedure produced better results as compared to TRAD (SHAM approximately equal to TVE > TRAD) on day 21 (H = 22.58) as well as on day 35 (H = 8.08).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bins Ely
- Universidade Federal de San Paulo-EPM, Florianôpolis, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
We have isolated cisplatin-resistant human liver carcinoma (7404-CP20) cells with reduced accumulation of cisplatin and other drugs (methotrexate, arsenate, and arsenite) to which these cells are cross-resistant. To determine whether the reduction of drug accumulation in cisplatin-resistant cells results from impaired uptake or from active efflux, [(14)C]carboplatin was used for kinetic analysis of drug uptake and efflux. We demonstrate here that the uptake of [(14)C]carboplatin in 7404 parental cells is time, temperature, and energy dependent, and that the rate of uptake is reduced in 7404-CP20 cells. Efflux of [(14)C]carboplatin in cisplatin-resistant cells was comparable to efflux in the parental cisplatin-sensitive cells. There was little effect of temperature (between 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C) on efflux in cisplatin-resistant cells. Immunoblotting with specific antibodies directed to MRP1 and MRP2 (cMOAT) also showed that expression of these two ABC transporter genes was considerably reduced in 7404-CP20 cells and another cisplatin-resistant cell line KB-CP20, in contradistinction to previous studies suggesting that MRP might be responsible for cisplatin efflux. To rule out a generalized defect in uptake of small molecules, fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of rhodamine 123 uptake showed that there was no difference between cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells. The presence of a pleiotropic defect in uptake of [(14)C]carboplatin, [(3)H]methotrexate, [(73)As]arsenate, and [(73)As]arsenite in cisplatin-resistant cells, in association with reduced expression of related cell surface proteins as demonstrated in our previous work, suggests a novel mechanism for acquisition of resistance to cisplatin associated with reduced activity of many different specific uptake systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Shen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate gastrinaemia and G-cell density in the antrum incorporated into the bladder of rats after antrocystoplasty. Materials and methods Thirty-two adult, female Wistar EPM-1 rats (body weight 200-220 g) were divided into four equal groups that underwent; group 1, no treatment (controls); group 2, a sham operation; group 3, antrectomy; and group 4, antrocystoplasty. The rats were assessed 2 months after treatment, and gastrinaemia and the G-cell density determined in the antrum mucosa incorporated into the bladder. RESULTS Compared with group 1, serum gastrin was significantly lower in group 3 (P<0.05) and the G-cell density lower in group 4 (P<0.05), although there was no decrease in gastrinaemia in group 4. CONCLUSION Antrocystoplasty in rats did not affect gastrinaemia but reduced the number of G cells in the antrum incorporated into the bladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Ortiz
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Surgical Research and Urology, Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Galego SJ, Goldenberg S, Ortiz JP, Deoliveira Gomes P, Ramacciotti E. Comparative blood flow study of arteriovenous fistulae in canine femoral arteries: modified latero-lateral and end-lateral techniques. Artif Organs 2000; 24:235-40. [PMID: 10759648 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2000.06526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood flow of an arteriovenous fistula comparing the modified latero-lateral (LLM) and end-lateral (TL) techniques in canine femoral arteries. Ten mongrel dogs were submitted to 2 arteriovenous fistulae each, with a LLM on one side and a TL procedure on the other side. Cranial and caudal average blood flow as well as average venous flow were measured by an electronic fluxometer 15, 20, and 25 min after surgery. Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used for data analysis (alpha </= 0,05). Femoral artery flow, cranial to the fistula, was increased 5(1/2) times in both groups. In the femoral artery caudal to the fistula, the flow in the majority of the animals was reversed 1.3 times using the TL technique and 2 times using the LLM technique. The average flow in the cranial vein was statistically different with an improved flow of 7.4 times versus 6.8 times for the LLM technique. These results suggest that LLM arteriovenous fistula in dogs leads to a larger venous flow than in the TL arteriovenous fistula and the reverse caudal arterial flow in the latero-lateral technique. The flow behavior (laminar or turbulent) in the 2 types of arteriovenous fistula was studied in terms of singular head loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Galego
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo; and University of São Paulo, Polytechnic School of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gomes WJ, Goldenberg A, Buffolo E, Losso LC, Marcondes W, Rolla F, Imaeda CJ, Palma JH, Goldenberg S. Video-endoscopic dissection of multiple pedicled arterial grafts for use in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2000; 41:7-9. [PMID: 10836214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the possibility of video-endoscopic dissection of both internal thoracic arteries (rTAs) through the left thoracic approach and right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) via a small laparoscopic access, for use in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS The procedure was performed on twenty-two mongrel dogs. Three 10 mm ports were inserted in the left hemithorax to enable the introduction of a rigid 0-degree videoscope and forceps which allowed access to the left and right ITAs. For dissection of the GEA, one 10 mm and two 5 mm ports were inserted in the para-umbilical region. RESULTS The left and right ITAs and the GEA were easily visualized and dissection and complete mobilization was achieved without injury, which was checked by the presence of good blood flow. The ITAs and GEA were divided distally, exteriorized through a small left anterior thoracotomy and the length of these three grafts were able to reach all of the left coronary artery branches. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated, in dogs, the feasibility of video-assisted dissection of both the left and right ITAs through the left thoracic approach, without sternotomy, avoiding the risks of sternal complications and expanding its use for all patients. Furthermore, a third arterial conduit (the RGA) can be used without requiring laparotomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Gomes
- Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina of Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- H Grinfeld
- Department of Anatomy, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goldenberg S. [Ethical aspects on human experimentation included in the instructions for the authors in Brazilian scientific journals]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 1999; 45:289. [PMID: 10752233 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42301999000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
35
|
Neto AB, Haapalainen E, Ferreira R, Feo CF, Misiako EP, Vennarecci G, Porcu A, Dib SA, Goldenberg S, Gomes PO, Nigro AT. Metabolic and ultrastructural effects of cyclosporin A on pancreatic islets. Transpl Int 1999; 12:208-12. [PMID: 10429959 DOI: 10.1007/s001470050212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of different doses of cyclosporin A (CyA) on glucose and insulin levels, as well as its residual effects on pancreatic islets ultrastructure after discontinuation of the drug. We studied four groups of Wistar rats. One control- (n = 5) and three experimental groups, n = 10 each, were treated with different doses of CyA i.m. for 14 days: group I, 5 mg/Kg; group II, 15 mg/Kg; and group III, 25 mg/Kg. Five animals of each group were sacrificed after 14 days, and the remaining five after 21 days to assess residual CyA effects. On the day of sacrifice, the rats underwent maltose absorption test, and glucose and insulin levels were measured. Pancreatic biopsies were obtained on day 21 to evaluate islets ultrastructure by electron microscopy. As a result, statistically significant, dose dependent (P < 0.05) increases in glucose and insulin levels were observed in CyA-treated groups. Groups II and III showed insulin levels significantly higher after fasting (P < 0.05) on day 14 comparing to the controls, while in groups I and II values returned to normal after CyA discontinuation. Group III showed persistently increased insulin levels on day 21. Pancreatic ultrastructural changes were observed only in group III. We can conclude that CyA effects on glucose and insulin levels were temporary and reversible at low doses. Ultrastructural changes in the pancreatic islets may occur with high doses of CyA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Neto
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Transplantation Laboratory, Federal University of San Paolo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neto AB, Minioli A, Feo CF, Forno ER, Lopasso FP, Larangeira LL, Goldenberg S, Gomes PO, Nigro AT. Effects of small bowel exclusion on intestinal myoelectrical activity pattern: comparison between innervated and denervated (transplanted) Thiry-Vella loops in rats. Int Surg 1999; 84:229-33. [PMID: 10533782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small bowel transplantation (SBT) leads to several changes in normal intestinal physiology with special reference to lymphatic disruption and graft denervation. Intestinal myoelectrical activity (MA) has been studied in different conditions, but little is known about MA in excluded bowel segments without the influence of nutrients. We performed this study to evaluate the effects of bowel exclusion on MA pattern. Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into two groups: five were used as donors and five as recipients for SBT; the remaining five underwent isolation of a jejunal segment as Thiry-Vella loop (TVL). On the 20th postoperative day, four bipolar electrodes were implanted in the small bowel of each rat: proximally and distally on the transplanted and the native intestine (SBT group); proximally and distally on the TVL and across the jejunal anastomosis (TVL group). On the 30th postoperative day, MA was recorded for 30 min after a 12 h fast. MA pattern was not altered by the exclusion of innervated jejunal segments (TVLs) with maintenance of high amplitude and migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) occurrence independent of MA in the continuity bowel. The characteristic regular spiking activity was not observed in transplanted grafts and MA analysis showed slow waves containing superimposed irregular spiking activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Neto
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Transplantation Laboratory, Federal University of San Paolo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maldonado RA, Mirzoeva S, Godsel LM, Lukas TJ, Goldenberg S, Watterson DM, Engman DM. Identification of calcium binding sites in the trypanosome flagellar calcium-acyl switch protein. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1999; 101:61-70. [PMID: 10413043 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 24 kDa flagellar calcium binding protein (FCaBP) of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is a calcium-acyl switch protein. FCaBP is modified by the addition of myristate and palmitate at its amino terminal segment and both modifications are required for calcium-modulated flagellar membrane association. FCaBP has four sequence motifs for potential calcium binding, and comparison to other calcium-acyl switch proteins, such as recoverin, suggested that only two of these sites are functional. Because it is not possible to predict with certainty the calcium binding affinity or selectivity based on motif analysis alone, we determined the quantitative calcium binding activity of FCaBP by direct ligand binding using the flow dialysis method. The results demonstrated the presence of two calcium binding sites in the full length FCaBP and in a mutant (FCaBPdelta12) lacking the amino terminal pair of sites. FCaBPdelta12 retains its ability to localize to the flagellum. A mutant FCaBP lacking the two carboxyl-terminal sites (FCaBPdelta34), did not bind calcium with high affinity and selectivity under the conditions used. The calcium binding properties of FCaBP are therefore distinct from other myristoyl switch proteins such as recoverin. The results add to a growing body of knowledge about the correlation of sequence motifs with calcium binding activity. Moreover, they demonstrate the need to determine the apparently novel mechanism by which FCaBP undergoes calcium modulated flagellar membrane association and its relation to calcium signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bakonyi Neto A, Forno ER, Lopasso FP, Larangeira LL, Goldenberg S, Gomes PO, Minioli AM. Myoelectrical activity pattern in rat Thiry-Vella loops. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2665-7. [PMID: 9745539 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
MESH Headings
- Anastomosis, Surgical
- Animals
- Electric Stimulation
- Ileum/surgery
- Intestinal Fistula/physiopathology
- Intestine, Small/innervation
- Intestine, Small/physiology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Jejunum/surgery
- Muscle Denervation
- Muscle, Smooth/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth/transplantation
- Myoelectric Complex, Migrating/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reference Values
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bakonyi Neto
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carreira MA, Tibbetts RS, Olson CL, Schuster C, Renz M, Engman DM, Goldenberg S. TcDJ1, a putative mitochondrial DnaJ protein in Trypanosoma cruzi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 166:141-6. [PMID: 9741092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A full length cDNA encoding a novel Trypanosoma cruzi DnaJ protein was cloned and characterized. The 324 amino acid protein encoded by the cDNA (TcDJ1) displays a characteristics J-domain, but lacks the Gly-Phe and zinc finger regions present in some other DnaJ proteins. Relative to four other T. cruzi DnaJ proteins, TcDJ1 has an amino terminal extension containing basic and hydroxylated resides characteristic of mitochondrial import peptides. A T. cruzi transfectant expressing epitope-tagged TcDJ1 was generated and subcellular fractions were produced. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein has a molecular mass of 29 kDa and is found in the mitochondrial fraction. The expression of TcDJ1 is developmentally regulated since the levels of both mRNA and protein are much higher in epimastigotes (replicative form) than in metacyclic trypomastigotes (infective form). Thus it may participate in mitochondrial biosynthetic processes in this organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Carreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Minioli AM, Lopasso FP, Forno ER, Larangeira LL, Goldenberg S, Gomes PO, Bakonyi Neto A. A model of myoelectrical activity recording after small bowel transplantation. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2611-2. [PMID: 9745513 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Minioli
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- M M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Topoisomerases are enzymes that participate in many cellular functions involving topological manipulation of DNA strands. There are two types of topoisomerases in the cell: (a) type I topoisomerases; and (b) type II topoisomerases (topo II). Previously we have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding Trypanosoma cruzi topo II (TcTOP2). This study group has raised an antiserum against recombinant type II DNA topoisomerase (TctopoII) to study the expression of this gene during T. cruzi differentiation and to determine the cellular location of the enzyme. Western blot analysis showed that T. cruzi TctopoII is expressed in the replicative epimastigotes but not in the infective and non-replicative trypomastigotes. However, slot blot analysis of RNAs extracted from epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes showed that the mRNA encoding the enzyme is present in both developmental stages of the parasite. Confocal laser microscopy using the antiserum raised against recombinant TctopoII showed that the enzyme is located exclusively in the nucleus of the parasite. Similar results were obtained by immunofluorescence analysis of Crithidia fasciculata. However, monoclonal antisera against the corresponding enzyme extracted from C. fasciculata recognizes a kinetoplast protein in both T. cruzi and Crithidia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Fragoso
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Department of Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Krieger MA, Goldenberg S. Representation of Differential Expression: A New Approach to Study Differential Gene Expression in Trypanosomatids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 14:163-6. [PMID: 17040736 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-4758(97)01199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past five years, several methods have been described that allow the isolation and cloning of stage-specific or cell-specific genes. The characterization of genes expressed at different stages of parasite development is of the utmost importance for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. Here, Samuel Goldenberg and Marco Aurelio Krieger describe a method for the amplification and cloning of Trypanosoma cruzi genes expressed specifically at different times of the metacyclogenesis process. This method, representation of differential expression (RDE), should be useful for the isolation and cloning of any trypanosomatid gene transcribing differentially expressed messenger RNA.
Collapse
|
44
|
DeLuca VA, West AB, Haque S, Katz DL, Ciarolla D, Goldenberg S, Fette G. Long-term symptom patterns, endoscopic findings, and gastric histology in Helicobacter pylori-infected and -uninfected patients. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998; 26:106-12. [PMID: 9563920 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199803000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the long-term behavior of dyspepsia, endoscopic findings, and gastroduodenal histology in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori colonization. We evaluated these parameters during a period of 7 to 19 years (average, 12.3 years) by baseline and follow-up studies. In 36 patients studied, the pattern of gastroduodenal dyspepsia and esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings remained essentially unchanged in 67% and 56% respectively. Dyspepsia patterns did not correlate significantly with either endoscopic or histologic findings, including the severity or location of gastritis in the fundus or antrum, or the presence or absence of H. pylori gastritis. Of 36 patients with adequate biopsies of the fundus and antrum, H. pylori colonization with gastritis was present in 73% but not in 27%. Progression to various degrees of atrophic gastritis was noted in 100% with, and in none without, H. pylori gastritis. In the fundus, atrophy progressed from 14% to 56%, but intestinal metaplasia did not change. In the antrum, atrophy increased from 22% to 64% and intestinal metaplasia increased from 17% to 36%. No patient demonstrated dysplasia, but severe atrophy was seen in the fundus (6%) and antrum (11%). Only two patients (5%) had severe loss of glandular elements and very low pepsinogen I, and thus can be considered to have developed advanced gastric atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A DeLuca
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Griffin Hospital, Derby, Connecticut 06418, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Goldenberg S. Visual forum. Telemed Today 1998; 6:34-5. [PMID: 10178363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
46
|
Rodrigues OR, Antonangelo L, Yagi N, Minamoto H, Schmidt Júnior AF, Capelozzi VL, Goldenberg S, Saldiva PH. Prognostic significance of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Jpn J Clin Oncol 1997; 27:298-304. [PMID: 9390205 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/27.5.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was quantified in paraffin sections of tumors and lymph node metastasis, by means of digital image analysis, in 75 patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients were divided in two groups: early stage (stages I and II) and advanced stage (stages IIIa, IIIb and IV). The prognostic significance of AgNOR expression was tested by Cox regression analysis in models controlled for age, sex, vital status, stage and histological type. Tumors at early stages had a lower expression of AgNOR than those at more advanced diseases. The mean values obtained for NORs in advanced disease were almost the same as those in the primary tumors when compared with the corresponding lymph node metastasis (r = 0.90; p < 0.01; linear regression). The prognostic role of AgNOR was significant only for tumors at stages I and II and not for advanced neoplasms (stages IIIa, IIIb and IV). These results encourage the inclusion of AgNOR quantitation in routine material, especially in early lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O R Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Maldonado RA, Linss J, Thomaz N, Olson CL, Engman DM, Goldenberg S. Homologues of the 24-kDa flagellar Ca(2+)-binding protein gene of Trypanosoma cruzi are present in other members of the Trypanosomatidae family. Exp Parasitol 1997; 86:200-5. [PMID: 9225770 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1997.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding the 24-kDa flagellar Ca(2+)-binding protein (FCaBP) of the Dm28c clone of Trypanosoma cruzi was cloned and characterized. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of the FCaBPs of other T. cruzi strains revealed greater than 97% sequence conservation. FCaBP-like genes are found in Trypanosoma conorhini, Trypanosoma freitasi, Trypanosoma lewisi, Herpetomonas megaseliae, Leptomonas seymouri, and Phytomonas serpens, but not in Crithidia deanei, Leishmania amazonensis, or Endotrypanum schaudinni: Among various T. cruzi strains, FCaBP genes are located on chromosomes of different size, although all strains possess multiple FCaBP genes organized as tandemly arranged gene families. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that FCaBP mRNAs are produced in all organisms possessing FCaBP-hybridizing sequences, indicating that expression of FCaBP or an FCaBP-like protein is common to a number of trypanosomatid species.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA, Protozoan/analysis
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
- Flagella/chemistry
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Protozoan/analysis
- RNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Trypanosoma cruzi/chemistry
- Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics
- Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
- Trypanosomatina/chemistry
- Trypanosomatina/genetics
- Trypanosomatina/ultrastructure
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Montero EF, Silva RM, Keller R, Neto AB, Pessuto JM, Kim HC, Goldenberg S, Koh IH. Role of cyclosporin A in bacterial translocation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2676. [PMID: 8908009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E F Montero
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Koh IH, Guatelli R, Montero EF, Keller R, Silva MH, Goldenberg S, Silva RM. Where is the site of bacterial translocation--small or large bowel? Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2661. [PMID: 8907999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I H Koh
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Koh IH, Montero EF, Keller R, Abreu MC, Goldenberg S, Silva RM. Can the portal vein be a conduit for bacterial translocation? Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2671. [PMID: 8908004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I H Koh
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|