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Broide M, Levinsky Y, Tal R, Harel L, Shoham S, Ahmad SA, Butbul Aviel Y, Amarilyo G. Extreme Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis (PFAPA): a discrete group of patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 37658370 PMCID: PMC10474755 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in children; by definition, episodes occur every 2 to 8 weeks. However, in a subset of our patients, we noticed a higher frequency of attacks, of less than 2 weeks, which we refer to as extreme PFAPA (ePFAPA). This group consisted of patients who were extreme upon presentation of PFAPA, and those who became extreme after initiation of abortive corticosteroid treatment. We aimed to characterize demographic and clinical features of ePFAPA, including the two groups, and to compare them to patients with non-extreme PFAPA (nPFAPA). STUDY DESIGN The medical records of 365 patients with PFAPA who attended Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel from March 2014 to April 2021 were reviewed. Patients with concomitant familial Mediterranean fever were excluded. Characteristics of the ePFAPA (including subgroups) and nPFAPA groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum, Pearson's chi-squared, and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Forty-seven patients (12.9%) were identified as having ePFAPA. Among patients with ePFAPA, compared to patients with nPFAPA, the median (interquartile range) age at disease onset was earlier: 1.5 years (0.7-2.5) vs. 2.5 years (1.5-4.0), P < 0.001; and diagnosis was younger: 2.6 years (2.0-3.6) vs. 4.5 years (3.0-6.2), P < 0.001. A higher proportion of patients with ePFAPA than nPFAPA were treated with colchicine prophylaxis (53% vs. 19%, P < 0.001), but symptoms and signs during flares did not differ significantly between these groups. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between patients with ePFAPA from presentation of PFAPA (22, 47% of those with ePFAPA) and ePFAPA from after corticosteroid treatment. CONCLUSION About half the patients categorized with ePFAPA syndrome already had extreme features upon presentation. Patients with ePFAPA compared to nPFAPA presented and were diagnosed at an earlier age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Broide
- Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Yoel Levinsky
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Tal
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liora Harel
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoval Shoham
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Sabreen Abu Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yonatan Butbul Aviel
- Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Amarilyo
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Levinsky Y, Butbul Aviel Y, Ahmad SA, Broide M, Gendler Y, Dagan N, Gafner M, Gavra H, Kagan S, Kedar K, Natour HM, Tal R, Veres T, Amarilyo G, Harel L. PFAPA flares observed during COVID outbreak: can emotional stress trigger PFAPA attacks? A multicenter cohort study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:46. [PMID: 35804374 PMCID: PMC9264301 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is common knowledge among clinicians who treat PFAPA (Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis) patients that emotional stress can trigger PFAPA attacks similarly to other autoinflammatory diseases. However, it has never been proved scientifically. Our aim was to examine whether emotional stress serves as a trigger for PFAPA attacks. METHODS Patients aged 3-12 years, with active PFAPA, from two Israeli medical centers were enrolled to this study. Patient's parents were reached via phone calls in two occasions: a stressful period related to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and a less stressful period. In both times they were asked to report occurrence of PFAPA attacks in the preceding 2 weeks. The relative stress levels of the two periods were validated by an emotional distress scale questionnaire. The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Mean age was 7.28 ± 2.7 for the 99 paediatric patients enrolled in the study. Scores for the mean emotional distress questionnaire were statistically significant higher in the stressful period compared to the less stressful period (35.6 ± 8.1 vs. 32.1 ±7.7, respectively, P = 0.047). In the stressful period, 41 (38.7%) reported at least one attack during the preceding 2 weeks, compared to 24 (22.6%) in the less stressful period (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION PFAPA flares during COVID-19 outbreak are described. This study is the first to suggest that emotional stress is associated with PFAPA attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Levinsky
- Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Petach Tikva, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yonatan Butbul Aviel
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel ,grid.6451.60000000121102151The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sabreen Abu Ahmad
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mor Broide
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yulia Gendler
- grid.411434.70000 0000 9824 6981Department of Nursing, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Neta Dagan
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Gafner
- grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Petach Tikva, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Gavra
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shelly Kagan
- grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Petach Tikva, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kfir Kedar
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hamada Mohammad Natour
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Rotem Tal
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Tamar Veres
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Amarilyo
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Liora Harel
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Abstract
AbstractOsteopetrosis is a rare metabolic disease. Dental abnormalities may be attributed to the pathological changes in osteopetrosis. Patients with disease seem to be especially susceptible to osteomyelitis of mandible. A 9 yrs old girl presented with complaints of jaw swelling on left side with multiple discharging sinuses since last seven months. The radiograph of left mandible (oblique lateral view) showed periodontal involvement of associated molars with loss of lamina dura with small sequestrum with irregularity and erosions of the mandibular cortical margins. The patient was diagnosed as a case of osteopetrosis with superadded mandibular osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmad
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, JN Medical College , AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - S Z Abbas
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, JN Medical College , AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - F Haque
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, JN Medical College , AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - M Rashid
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, JN Medical College , AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - S A Ahmad
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, JN Medical College , AMU, Aligarh, India
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Veres T, Amarilyo G, Abu Ahmad S, Abu Rumi M, Brik R, Hezkelo N, Ohana O, Levinsky Y, Chodick G, Butbul Aviel Y. Familial Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis and Adenitis Syndrome; Is It a Separate Disease? Front Pediatr 2021; 9:800656. [PMID: 35310141 PMCID: PMC8929572 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.800656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis (PFAPA) is the most common periodic fever syndrome in the pediatric population, yet its pathogenesis is unknown. PFAPA was believed to be sporadic but family clustering has been widely observed. OBJECTIVE To identify demographic and clinical differences between patients with PFAPA and a positive family history (FH+) as compared to those with no family history (FH-). METHODS In a database comprising demographic and clinical data of 273 pediatric PFAPA patients treated at two tertiary centers in Israel, 31 (14.3%) had FH+. Data from patients with FH+ were compared to data from those with FH-. Furthermore, family members (FMs) of those with FH+ were contacted via telephone for more demographic and clinical details. RESULTS The FH+ group as compared to the FH- group had more myalgia (56 vs. 19%, respectively, p = 0.001), headaches (32 vs. 2%, respectively, p = 0.016), and a higher carrier frequency of M694V mutation (54% vs. 25%, respectively, p = 0.05). Colchicine was seen to be a more beneficial treatment for the FH+ group as compared to the FH- group; however, with no statistical significance (p = 0.096). FMs displayed almost identical characteristics to patients in the FH+ group except for greater arthralgia during flares (64 vs. 23%, respectively, p = 0.008), and compared to the FH- group they had more oral aphthae (68 vs. 43%, respectively, p = 0.002), myalgia/arthralgia (64 vs. 19%/16%, respectively, p < 0.0001), and higher rates of FH of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (45 vs.15%, respectively, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients with a FH+ likely experience a different subset of disease with higher frequency of family history of FMF, arthralgia, myalgia, and might have a better response to colchicine compared to FH-. Colchicine prophylaxis for PFAPA should be considered in FH+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Veres
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Amarilyo
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Sabreen Abu Ahmad
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics B, Rambam Medical Center, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maryam Abu Rumi
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Riva Brik
- Department of Pediatrics B, Rambam Medical Center, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel.,Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Rambam Medical Center, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nofar Hezkelo
- Department of Medicine F-Recanati, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Orly Ohana
- Department of Pediatrics C, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yoel Levinsky
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Maccabi Institute for Research and Innovation, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Butbul Aviel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics B, Rambam Medical Center, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel.,Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Rambam Medical Center, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel
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Amarilyo G, Harel L, Abu Ahmad S, Abu Rumi M, Brik R, Hezkelo N, Bar-Yoseph R, Mei-Zahav M, Ohana O, Levinsky Y, Chodick G, Butbul-Aviel Y. Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Adenitis Syndrome - Is It Related to Ethnicity? An Israeli Multicenter Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2020; 227:268-273. [PMID: 32805260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ethnic distribution of Israeli patients with the syndrome of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA). STUDY DESIGN The medical records of patients with PFAPA attending 2 pediatric tertiary medical centers in Israel from March 2014 to March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with concomitant familial Mediterranean fever were excluded. Ethnicity was categorized as Mediterranean, non-Mediterranean, and multiethnic. Findings were compared with patients with asthma under treatment at the same medical centers during the same period. RESULTS The cohort included 303 patients with PFAPA and 475 with asthma. Among the patients with PFAPA, 178 (58.7%) were of Mediterranean descent (Sephardic Jews or Israeli Arabs), 96 (33.0%) were multiethnic, and 17 (5.8%) were of non-Mediterranean descent (all Ashkenazi Jews). Patients with PFAPA had a significantly higher likelihood of being of Mediterranean descent than the patients with asthma (58.7% vs 35.8%; P < .0001). The Mediterranean PFAPA subgroup had a significantly earlier disease onset than the non-Mediterranean subgroup (2.75 ± 1.7 vs 3.78 ± 1.9 years, P < .04) and were younger at disease diagnosis (4.77 ± 2.3 vs 6.27 ± 2.9 years, P < .04). CONCLUSIONS PFAPA was significantly more common in patients of Mediterranean than non-Mediterranean descent. Further studies are needed to determine the genetic background of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Amarilyo
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
| | - Liora Harel
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Sabreen Abu Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maryam Abu Rumi
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Riva Brik
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nofar Hezkelo
- Department of Medicine F-Recanati, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ronen Bar-Yoseph
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Pediatric Pulmonary Institute, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meir Mei-Zahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Orly Ohana
- Department of Pediatrics C, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yoel Levinsky
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Maccabi Institute for Research & Innovation, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Butbul-Aviel
- Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Tajnin R, Chaklader MA, Yasmin N, Hossain MD, Ahmad SA, Faruquee MH. Status of Hearing Impairment among Handloom Workers in Tangail District of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:573-577. [PMID: 30141448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Industrial noise is one of the major sources of noise pollution. Handloom industry is the biggest handicraft industry in our country; it is the second largest source of rural employment after agriculture. The workers of the handloom industry worked within excessive level of sound. This cross-sectional study was an attempt to see the status of hearing impairment among handloom worker at Tangail District, Bangladesh from August 2016 to December 2016. A total 180 handloom workers were included in this current study. All the respondents were male as handloom work is a strenuous work. The mean age of respondents was 38.18±11.529 years where most of the respondents were of middle age group (21-50) year's age group. Among the participants less than one-fourth was illiterate and rest had primary to secondary level of education. The average income of handloom workers was 13805.56±2764.696 BDT per month. Handloom workers spend average 10 hour for working per day. They were exposed to sound beyond NIOSH recommendation (70-83 dB around handloom machines and 80-90 dB around power loom machines). By self-assessment hearing impairment perception 76.7% participants reported that they had hearing problem. Based on the interpretation of Rinne, Webers and ABC test data indicate that among the respondents around 32.2% were identified with bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment and of them through Pure tone audiometry (PTA) around half were diagnosed as suffering from moderate to severe Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). Using personal protective measure like ear muffle/ear musk has been recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tajnin
- Rufaka Tajnin, Research Fellow, Department of Public Health, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sethuraman SA, Dhar VK, Habib DA, Sussman JE, Ahmad SA, Shah SA, Tsuei BJ, Sussman JJ, Abbott DE. Tube Feed Necrosis after Major Gastrointestinal Oncologic Surgery: Institutional Lessons and a Review of the Literature. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:2075-2082. [PMID: 28956273 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small bowel necrosis after enteral feeding through a jejunostomy tube (tube feed necrosis, TFN) is a rare, serious complication of major abdominal surgery. However, strategies to reduce the incidence and morbidity of TFN are not well established. Here, in the largest series of TFN presented to date, we report our institutional experience and a comprehensive review of the literature. METHODS Eight patients who experienced TFN from 2000 to 2014 after major abdominal surgery for oncologic indications at the University of Cincinnati were reviewed. Characteristics of post-operative courses and outcomes were reviewed prior to and after a change in tube-feeding protocol. The existing literature addressing TFN over the last three decades was also reviewed. RESULTS Patients with TFN ranged from 50 to 74 years old and presented with upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies amenable to surgical resection. Six and two cases of TFN occurred following pancreatectomy and esophagectomy, respectively. Prior to TF protocol changes, which included initiation at a low rate, titrating up more slowly and starting at one-half strength TF, three of six cases of TFN (50%) resulted in mortality. With the new TF protocol, there were no deaths, goal TF rate was achieved 3 days later, symptoms of TFN were recognized 3 days earlier, and re-operation was conducted 1 day earlier. CONCLUSION This case series describes a change in clinical practice that is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality of TFN. Wider implementation and further refinement of this tube-feeding protocol may reduce TFN incidence at other institutions and in patients with other conditions requiring enteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Sethuraman
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - V K Dhar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D A Habib
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J E Sussman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S A Ahmad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S A Shah
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - B J Tsuei
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J J Sussman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel E Abbott
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, K4/742, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Laskar MS, Gazi EA, Basu BK, Chowdhury S, Ahmad SA, Khan MH. Disability adjusted life years among arsenicosis patients in an arsenic-affected area of southern Bangladesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3329/mediscope.v2i1.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Disability adjusted life years (DALY) is the sum of the present value of future years of lifetime lost through premature mortality, and the present value of years of future life-time adjusted for the average severity of any mental or physical disability caused by a disease or injury. As a method for estimating the global burden of disease, DALY was first introduced in the World Development Report in 1993 by the World Bank. The aim of this study was to estimate DALY among arsenicosis patients. DALY was calculated for 104 arsenicosis patients from an arsenic-affected rural area of southern Bangladesh using the estimated years they lived with disability (YLD). The mean (SD) of cumulative arsenic exposure level was 5.0 (3.2) mg/l-years. Among the patients, 64% reported reduction in working ability. The portion of the patients with disability for more than 50 years was as high as 58.7%. The mean (SD) of YLD and DALY was 54.0 (9.8) and 9.2 (1.5), respectively. A total of 5621 YLD equivalent to 961.7 DALY was lost due to arsenicosis (when life expectancy at birth according to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics was applied, the YLD and DALY were 3899.2 and 868.9, respectively). There was significant relationship of YLD with education of the patients (p < 0.05). There was significant relationship between DALY and education of the patients (p < 0.05). There was also significant relationship between DALY and reduction in working ability of the patients (p < 0.05). The findings of the study justify for the policy makers to adopt adequate measures such as prevention, treatment and rehabilitation to alleviate the sufferings of the arsenicosis patients.Mediscope Vol. 2, No. 1: 2015, Pages 4-12
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Olivia ES, Yusuf I, Ahmad SA. Detection of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLS) and carbapenemases in Escherichia coli isolated from cow-dungs and poultry droppings. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015. [PMCID: PMC4475065 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-4-s1-p142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Basher A, Nath P, Siddique ZS, Rahman MH, Rubel MA, Sayed MS, Ahmad SA, Mondol GD, Bhuiyan MR. Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) among agricultural workers. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:1-8. [PMID: 25725661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Farming is a large and main industry in Bangladesh. Large numbers of people are directly involved in farming and have very unique exposure compare to other sectors. Musculoskeletal problems among farmer population are not infrequent. This study was carried out among 200 farmers in one selected district. The study revealed that musculoskeletal problems were common among the farmers working in a traditional way. All the respondents were male. The age of all respondents lie between 20-60 years. Among them 22.5% farmers were illiterate, about 45.5% below Class V. About half (42%) of the respondents had reported pain in different parts of the body at least one or more times during working in land. And about two third (65.5%) of the farmers had history of joint pain and stiffness in last 12 month. Most of the farmers who suffered from musculoskeletal symptoms were 41-60 years. Specially who worked more then 20 years (82.6%) and average 6 hours per day (66.7%). The occurrence of musculoskeletal problems in various part of the body included Knee pain - 48.1%, Back pain (back ache) - 22.9%, Waist pain (low back ache) - 13.3%, Neck pain - 18.3% and shoulder pain - 10.7%. Length of work in year and daily average working hours were found significant association with musculoskeletal pain. It was found that musculoskeletal pain were more common among the farmers when they worked in squatting position (52%) and specially during weeding of plants (31%). Among them only 22% also engaged in other business. Most of the farmers complained dull aching pain (40.6%), only 2.3% noticed severe acute pain, but about 86% farmers' temporary stop their work for pain and 80% get relief after discontinue of work. About 75% respondents visited doctors for their pain which was statistically significant (p=0.001). It was found that the rates of musculoskeletal complaints are more among those individuals who worked relatively bad ergonomic condition, such as body position probably play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Basher
- Dr Ariful Basher, Medical Officer (In Charge), SK Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Nath P, Siddique ZS, Basher A, Bhuiyan MR, Rahman MH, Rubel MM, Sayed MS, Ahmad SA. Status of blood pressure among individuals consuming saline water. Mymensingh Med J 2012; 21:627-632. [PMID: 23134909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is taking its toll in the form of saline water intrusion into the mainland of Bangladesh, which is one of the lowest-altitude countries in the world. The study was carried out with the objective to assess the blood pressure status associated with salinity in saline prone selected areas of Bagherhat and Tangail districts from March 2008 - June 2008 of rural Bangladesh. Two hundred and ninety subjects were selected purposively from both the districts. About 70% of the respondents were males and below forty years of age. More than two thirds of the respondents were illiterate; belong to 4-5 member family, with monthly family income of less than Tk. 4000 per month. Only one third of the respondents were smokers. More than two thirds of the respondents from salinity area had salinity level of 2-3%. Among them majority were drinking saline water for 6-10 years and 26% were drinking for more than ten years. About 20% of the non saline respondents' systolic blood pressure was 110-120 mm of Hg and 26% of saline area had systolic blood pressure >135-140 mm of Hg. Mean systolic BP among salinity area was more than that for non salinity area. About 19% of the non saline respondents' diastolic blood pressure was ≤ 85 mm of Hg. About one third had ≥ 90 mm of Hg, among them 31% were from saline area. Mean diastolic BP among salinity area was more than non salinity area. There was no history of heart disease, and less than 1% was diabetic among them. About two thirds had mean arterial pressure <70 mm of Hg, among them majority were from non saline area. About one third had >70 mm of Hg, among them majority were from saline area. The study concluded that systolic and diastolic blood pressures of saline group were significantly higher than that of the non saline group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nath
- Surya Kanta Kala-azar Research Centre, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
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12
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Parvin IA, Ahmad SA, Islam MN. Knowledge about inhaler use among the chronic asthma patients in selected hospitals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 37:47-50. [PMID: 21877604 DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v37i2.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among the chronic asthma patients attending three Institutes of Dhaka city namely National Asthma Center, The National Institute of Diseases of Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Mohakhali, and Dhaka Medical College Hospital to assess the level of knowledge regarding inhaler use. Convenient sampling was adopted. Data were collected using one semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview. The patients were aged from 18 to 75 years with mean age being 40.68 years and sd +/- 11.659 years. The mean monthly income of the respondents found was 8278.52 taka with standard deviation +/- 3523.315 taka. Mean duration of bronchial asthma was 9.44 years with sd +/- 4.862 years. Out of the total 298 respondents 103(35.8%) possessed "excellent knowledge" on inhalers. Ninety one (31.6%) had "adequate knowledge", sixty nine (24.0%) had "poor knowledge" and thirty five (8.7%) respondents were found having "no knowledge" about inhalers. Males were seen having better knowledge than the females (chi2 =66.582, df=3, p<0.001). The respondents receiving treatment from the indoor possessed better knowledge than those from the outdoors (p<0.001). Level of Knowledge was also found to be associated with the educational status of the respondents. Respondents with higher education possessed more than the respondents with lower education (p<0.001). Though most of the physicians now prescribe inhalers, but many of them do not explain the proper use of inhaler. This may be corrected through training and motivation of physicians at Medical Colleges and Hospitals and during various medical conferences and other programs. To reduce the extent of suffering and economic burden of asthma patients and their families, active education program for the patients and training program for the health care providers, regarding "inhaler use technique" demands early consideration.
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of surface electromyographic signals, particularly in pattern analysis. The data were collected from the wrist muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi radialis) of 20 healthy participants. The study focuses on the movement of the wrist muscles at different frequencies. Participants were asked to contract their muscles at four different speeds (60, 90 and 120 cycles a minute and maximum speed) during wrist flexion and extension, co-contraction and isometric contraction. In this work, moving approximate entropy, mean absolute value and kurtosis are evaluated from the surface electromyographic signals at the four speeds. Moving approximate entropy and kurtosis analysis show that there are significant differences at three states of contraction; start, middle and end. It is shown that there are more regular data in a surface electromyographic signal at the beginning and end of a muscle contraction with low regularity during the middle part.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Fatima I, Zaidi JH, Arif M, Daud M, Ahmad SA, Tahir SNA. Measurement of natural radioactivity and dose rate assessment of terrestrial gamma radiation in the soil of southern Punjab, Pakistan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 128:206-12. [PMID: 17526482 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncm310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs in soil samples collected from the most populous area of southern Punjab of Pakistan have been measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides are compared with the reported data from different other countries and it is found that measured activity concentrations are comparable with the worldwide measured average values reported by the UNSCEAR. Subsequently assessed radiological effects show that the mean radium equivalent activity (Ra(eq)) is 96.7 +/- 15.2 Bq kg(-1) and air absorbed dose rate (D) is 46.1 +/- 7.3 nGy h(-1). The values of internal and external radiation hazard indices are found to be less than unity. The annual effective radiation dose is calculated to be 0.28 +/- 0.05 mSv, which is well below the limit of 1.0 mSv y(-1) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, for the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fatima
- Nuclear Chemistry Division, PINSTECH, PO Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull is an exceedingly rare condition. An adult male patient is described, who had a painless swelling in the right forehead that had rapidly enlarged in the previous 6 months. Radiological investigations showed a large destructive mass lesion involving the right side of the frontal bone with extension into the frontal sinus, causing marked extradural compression of brain parenchyma. Histopathological examination confirmed the lesion to be primary osteogenic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haque
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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Wray CJ, Lowy AM, Mathews JB, Park S, Choe KA, Hanto DW, James LE, Soldano DA, Ahmad SA. The significance and clinical factors associated with a subcentimeter resection of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2005; 12:374-80. [PMID: 15915371 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2005.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis after resection of colorectal liver metastases is influenced by various factors. A positive margin of resection (MOR) has been shown to adversely influence prognosis. Although a 1-cm MOR has been accepted as adequate, the data to support this guideline are sparse. METHODS Our hepatobiliary database was queried for patients who underwent liver resection for colorectal metastases between January 1992 and July 2003. All patients were divided into three groups: MOR <.5 cm (group A), .5 to 1 cm (group B), and >1 cm (group C). Operative reports from each hepatic resection were analyzed to determine local factors that may have contributed to a subcentimeter MOR. RESULTS A total of 112 patients (67 men and 45 women) underwent liver resection for colorectal metastases with negative margins. Fifty-three patients were in group A, 26 patients were in group B, and 33 patients were in group C. Group C demonstrated decreased local recurrence (LR; P = .003), distant recurrence (DR; P = .008), and disease-free recurrence (P = .002). A significant difference in the overall time to LR (P = .003), time to DR (P = .003), and disease-free survival (P = .002) was also demonstrated. Factors associated with a subcentimeter MOR included nonanatomical resection (P = .043), proximity to a major vessel (P = .003), and central location (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS A <1-cm resection for colorectal liver metastases is associated with increased LR and DR, as well as decreased disease-free survival. When a nonanatomical resection is performed, a MOR >1 cm should be attempted, because an adequate margin is often underestimated. Considerations should be made for extended resections when tumors are centrally located or near major vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wray
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 234 Goodman Street, ML 0772, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, USA
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Liu W, Jung YD, Ahmad SA, McCarty MF, Stoeltzing O, Reinmuth N, Fan F, Ellis LM. Effects of overexpression of ephrin-B2 on tumour growth in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1620-6. [PMID: 15083195 PMCID: PMC2409715 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their membrane-bound ligands, the ephrins, are essential for embryonic vascular development. Recently, it has been demonstrated that overexpression of specific Ephs and ephrins is associated with a poor prognosis in human tumours. Our group has shown that EphB and the ephrin-B subfamilies are coexpressed in human colorectal cancer, and ephrin-B2 is expressed at higher levels in human colorectal cancer than in adjacent normal mucosa. As the Eph/ephrin system is involved in embryologic vasculogenesis and ephrin-B2 is expressed ubiquitously in all colon cancers studied in our laboratory, we hypothesised that overexpression of ephrin-B2 in colon cancer cells may induce tumour angiogenesis and increase tumour growth. To investigate this hypothesis, we stably transfected KM12L4 human colon cancer cells with ephrin-B2 to study its effect on tumour growth in vivo. We found that overexpression of ephrin-B2 markedly decreased tumour growth in a mouse xenograft model. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ephrin-B2 transfectants produced higher tumour microvessel density and lower tumour cell proliferation than did parental or vector-transfected control cells. Using 51Cr-labelled red blood cells (RBCs) to determine the functional blood volume in tumours, we demonstrated that tumours from ephrin-B2-transfected cells had significantly decreased blood volume compared with tumours from parental or vector-transfected control cells. Evaluation of in vitro parameters of cell cycle mediators demonstrated no alteration in the cell cycle. Although ephrin-B2 transfection increased tumour vessel density, the decrease in blood perfusion suggests that these vessels may be ‘dysfunctional’. We conclude that overexpression of ephrin-B2 suppresses tumour cell growth and vascular function in this in vivo colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Y D Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 444, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - M F McCarty
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - O Stoeltzing
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - N Reinmuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - F Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - L M Ellis
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 444, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. E-mail:
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Stoeltzing O, Ahmad SA, Liu W, McCarty MF, Parikh AA, Fan F, Reinmuth N, Bucana CD, Ellis LM. Angiopoietin-1 inhibits tumour growth and ascites formation in a murine model of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:1182-7. [PMID: 12402160 PMCID: PMC2376191 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2002] [Revised: 08/05/2002] [Accepted: 08/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 is an important regulator of endothelial cell survival. Angiopoietin-1 also reduces vascular permeability mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor. The effects of angiopoietin-1 on tumour growth and angiogenesis are controversial. We hypothesised that angiopoietin-1 would decrease tumour growth and ascites formation in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Human colon cancer cells (KM12L4) were transfected with vector (pcDNA) alone (control) or vector containing angiopoietin-1 and injected into the peritoneal cavities of mice. After 30 days, the following parameters were measured: number of peritoneal nodules, ascites volume, and diameter of the largest tumour. Effects of angiopoietin-1 on vascular permeability were investigated using an intradermal Miles assay with conditioned media from transfected cells. Seven of the nine mice in the pcDNA group developed ascites (1.3+/-0.5 ml (mean+/-s.e.m.)), whereas no ascites was detectable in the angiopoietin-1 group (0 out of 10) (P<0.01). Number of peritoneal metastases (P<0.05), tumour volume, (P<0.05), vessel counts (P<0.01), and tumour cell proliferation (P<0.01) were significantly reduced in angiopoietin-1-expressing tumours. Conditioned medium from angiopoietin-1-transfected cells decreased vascular permeability more than did conditioned medium from control cells (P<0.05). Our results suggest that angiopoietin-1 is an important mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability and thus could theoretically serve as an anti-neoplastic agent for patients with carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Stoeltzing
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Jung YD, Liu W, Reinmuth N, Ahmad SA, Fan F, Gallick GE, Ellis LM. Vascular endothelial growth factor is upregulated by interleukin-1 beta in human vascular smooth muscle cells via the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Angiogenesis 2002; 4:155-62. [PMID: 11806247 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012291524723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Small tumor vessels are composed of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). These cells have been shown to communicate with each other via cytokine signaling during neovascularization. We previously demonstrated that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) leads to induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human colon carcinoma cells. As pericytes play a role in regulating EC function, we hypothesized that IL-1 beta may mediate EC survival by induction of VEGF in a paracrine manner. We investigated the effects of IL-1 beta on VEGF expression in human VSMCs (hVSMCs) and the signal transduction pathways that may be involved. Treatment of hVSMCs with IL-1 beta induced VEGF expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and increased both the VEGF promoter activity and the mRNA half-life. Treatment with IL-1 beta induced the expression of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) within 5 min but did not activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)-1/2, c-jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), or Akt. SB203580, a specific P38 MAPK inhibitor, blocked the ability of IL-1 beta to induce VEGF mRNA and promoter activity. Conditioned media from hVSMCs pretreated with IL-1 beta prevented apoptosis of ECs, an effect that was partially abrogated by VEGF-neutralizing antibodies. These data demonstrate that IL-1 beta may induce VEGF in hVSMCs, and suggest that this paracrine signaling pathway, may prevent, in part, apoptosis of ECs.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1/physiology
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation/physiology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
The neuropsychological assets and deficits of several types of pediatric neurological disease, disorder, and dysfunction are described. These are examined from the perspective of the syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) and the "white matter model" designed to explain its complex manifestations. It is concluded that children with some of these diseases exhibit the NLD phenotype, whereas others do not. For the most part, the diseases in which the NLD phenotype is particularly evident are those wherein it has been demonstrated that perturbations of white matter (long myelinated fibers) are particularly prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Rourke
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
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Han J, Koutmos M, Ahmad SA, Coucouvanis D. Rational synthesis of high nuclearity Mo/Fe/S clusters: the reductive coupling approach in the convenient synthesis of (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et, (n)Pr, (n)Bu] and the new [(Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(2)S(3)O(PEt(3))(3)Cl]-1/2(Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4)) and (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(3)S(5)(PEt(3))(5) clusters. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:5985-99. [PMID: 11681915 DOI: 10.1021/ic0104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of high nuclearity Mo/Fe/S clusters is presented and involves the reductive coupling of the (Et(4)N)(2)[(Cl(4)-cat)MoOFeS(2)Cl(2)] (I) and (Et(4)N)(2)[Fe(2)S(2)Cl(4)] (II) clusters. The reaction of I and II with Fe(PR(3))(2)Cl(2) or sodium salts of noncoordinating anions such as NaPF(6) or NaBPh(4) in the presence of PR(3) (R = Et, (n)Pr, or (n)Bu) affords (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et (IIIa), (n)Pr (IIIb), (n)Bu (IIIc)], Fe(6)S(6)(PEt(3))(4)Cl(2) (IV) and (PF(6))[Fe(6)S(8)(P(n)Pr(3))(6)] (V) as byproducts. The isolation of (Et(4)N)[Fe(PEt(3))Cl(3)] (VI), NaCl, and SPEt(3) supports a reductive coupling mechanism. Cluster IV and V also have been synthesized by the reductive self-coupling of compound II. The reductive coupling reaction between I and II by PEt(3) and NaPF(6) in a 1:1 ratio produces the (Et(4)N)(2)[(Cl(4)-cat)Mo(L)Fe(3)S(4)Cl(3)] clusters [L = MeCN (VIIa), THF (VIIb)]. The hitherto unknown [(Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(2)S(3)O(PEt(3))(3)Cl](+) cluster (VIII) has been isolated as the 2:1 salt of the (Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4))(2+) cation after the reductive self-coupling reaction of I in the presence of Fe(PEt(3))(2)Cl(2). Cluster VIII crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 11.098(3) A, b = 22.827(6) A, c = 25.855(6) A, beta = 91.680(4) degrees, and Z = 4. The formal oxidation states of metal atoms in VIII have been assigned as Mo(III), Mo(IV), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on the basis of zero-field Mössbauer spectra. The Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4) cation of VIII is also synthesized independently, isolated as the BPh(4)(-) salt (IX), and has been structurally characterized. The reductive coupling of compound I also affords in low yield the new (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(3)S(5)(PEt(3))(5) cluster (X) as a byproduct. Cluster X crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 14.811(3) A, b = 22.188(4) A, c = 21.864(4) A, beta = 100.124(3) degrees, and Z = 4 and the structure shows very short Mo-Fe, Fe-Fe, Mo-S, Fe-S bonds. The oxidation states of the metal atoms in this neutral cluster (X) have been assigned as Mo(IV)Mo(III)Fe(II)Fe(II)Fe(III) based on zero-field Mössbauer and magnetic measurement. All Fe atoms are high spin and two of the three Fe-Fe distances are found at 2.4683(9) A and 2.4721(9) A.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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Reinmuth N, Stoeltzing O, Liu W, Ahmad SA, Jung YD, Fan F, Parikh A, Ellis LM. Endothelial survival factors as targets for antineoplastic therapy. Cancer J 2001; 7 Suppl 3:S109-19. [PMID: 11779081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The angiogenic process includes not only development of new blood vessels but also maintenance of the existing vasculature. Recent studies have demonstrated that several factors induce angiogenesis and also function as endothelial cell survival factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor, a potent angiogenic factor, is an endothelial cell survival factor whose tyrosine kinase receptors are limited to endothelial cells. Members of the angiopoietin family also bind to an endothelial cell-specific tyrosine kinase receptor. Angiopoietin-1 has been shown to stabilize endothelial cell networks, whereas angiopoietin-2 is antagonistic to angiopoietin-1 and destabilizes endothelial cell networks. Pericytes contribute to endothelial cell stabilization by cell-cell contact, secretion of survival factors, or both. In addition, integrins may function as endothelial cell survival factors by numerous mechanisms after binding to the extracellular matrix. The effects of many endothelial cell survival factors act in concert with vascular endothelial growth factor to enhance this essential step in angiogenesis. Targeting any of the aforementioned mechanisms for endothelial cell survival may provide novel therapeutic antineoplastic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reinmuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Ahmad SA, Liu W, Jung YD, Fan F, Reinmuth N, Bucana CD, Ellis LM. Differential expression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in colon carcinoma. A possible mechanism for the initiation of angiogenesis. Cancer 2001. [PMID: 11571726 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010901)92:5<1138::aid-cncr1431>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are important regulators of endothelial cell (EC) survival. Current models suggest that an increase in Ang-2 expression in ECs leads to the initiation of angiogenesis. The authors hypothesized that the imbalance of Ang-1 and Ang-2 activities in colon carcinoma leads to a net gain in Ang-2 function. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses and immunofluorescent double-staining were performed to examine human colon carcinoma cell lines, surgical specimens, normal mucosa, and liver metastases for the expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2. RESULTS RT-PCR analyses revealed that 7 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang-1, and 14 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang-2 (P < 0.05). Of the surgical specimens from patients with colon carcinoma, 6 of 11 specimens expressed Ang-1, and 11 of 11 specimens expressed Ang-2 (P < 0.05). However, Ang-1 and Ang-2 were expressed with relative equal frequency in normal mucosa (P = 0.62). Immunofluorescent staining (n = 20 specimens) revealed the presence of Ang-2 protein in normal mucosa and tumor epithelium, but Ang-1 was expressed only in normal mucosa. A similar pattern was found for hepatic colorectal metastases. Double staining for Ang-1 or Ang-2 and cytokeratin-22 (an epithelial marker) demonstrated that Ang-1 was produced by uninvolved, normal colonic epithelium, whereas Ang-2 was produced by normal and malignant colonic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS In patients with colon carcinoma, Ang-2 is expressed ubiquitously in tumor epithelium, whereas expression of Ang-1 in tumor epithelium is rare. The net gain of Ang-2 activity is possibly an initiating factor for tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is essential for the growth of primary and metastatic tumors. This process requires the coordinated activities of multiple factors and cell types. For tumors to develop a neovascular blood supply, tumor cells and host cells must secrete proangiogenic factors that offset the activities of inhibitory angiogenic factors. In addition, the newly derived tumor endothelium must respond to signals in the microenvironment to survive under conditions such as hypoxia and acidity. Moreover, because the process of angiogenesis is regulated by redundant factors and pathways, inhibition of any single pathway is likely to select for cells whose angiogenesis is driven by other factors. Because antiangiogenic therapy is unlikely to induce tumor regression, the criteria for efficacy must be evaluated by means other than the standard criteria used to evaluate cytotoxic chemotherapy. Understanding the basic principles that drive tumor angiogenesis will lead to the development of therapies that will likely prolong survival without the toxicity associated with standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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Ahmad SA, Liu W, Jung YD, Fan F, Reinmuth N, Bucana CD, Ellis LM. Differential expression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in colon carcinoma. A possible mechanism for the initiation of angiogenesis. Cancer 2001; 92:1138-43. [PMID: 11571726 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010901)92:5<1138::aid-cncr1431>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are important regulators of endothelial cell (EC) survival. Current models suggest that an increase in Ang-2 expression in ECs leads to the initiation of angiogenesis. The authors hypothesized that the imbalance of Ang-1 and Ang-2 activities in colon carcinoma leads to a net gain in Ang-2 function. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses and immunofluorescent double-staining were performed to examine human colon carcinoma cell lines, surgical specimens, normal mucosa, and liver metastases for the expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2. RESULTS RT-PCR analyses revealed that 7 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang-1, and 14 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang-2 (P < 0.05). Of the surgical specimens from patients with colon carcinoma, 6 of 11 specimens expressed Ang-1, and 11 of 11 specimens expressed Ang-2 (P < 0.05). However, Ang-1 and Ang-2 were expressed with relative equal frequency in normal mucosa (P = 0.62). Immunofluorescent staining (n = 20 specimens) revealed the presence of Ang-2 protein in normal mucosa and tumor epithelium, but Ang-1 was expressed only in normal mucosa. A similar pattern was found for hepatic colorectal metastases. Double staining for Ang-1 or Ang-2 and cytokeratin-22 (an epithelial marker) demonstrated that Ang-1 was produced by uninvolved, normal colonic epithelium, whereas Ang-2 was produced by normal and malignant colonic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS In patients with colon carcinoma, Ang-2 is expressed ubiquitously in tumor epithelium, whereas expression of Ang-1 in tumor epithelium is rare. The net gain of Ang-2 activity is possibly an initiating factor for tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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26
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Ahmad SA, Bilimoria MM, Wang X, Izzo F, Delrio P, Marra P, Baker TP, Porter GA, Ellis LM, Vauthey JN, Dhamotharan S, Curley SA. Hepatitis B or C virus serology as a prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2001; 5:468-76. [PMID: 11985997 DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(01)80084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is not clear whether chronic hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV) infection is a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. We performed this study to determine if chronic HBV or HCV infection had any impact on postresection survival or affected patterns of failure. The records of 77 patients undergoing surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma between January 1990 and December 1998 were reviewed. Forty-four patients (57%) had HCV infection, 18 patients (23%) had HBV infection, and 15 patients (20%) had negative serology. There were no differences in age, sex, or tumor size among the groups, and all patients had margin-negative resections. There was a significantly higher incidence of satellitosis and vascular invasion in patients with HCV infection (32% and 41% respectively; P <0.05 vs. other groups). With a median follow-up of 30 months, a significantly decreased local disease-free survival (LDFS) was seen in HBV-positive (5-year LDFS 26%) or HCV-positive (5-year LDFS 38%) patients compared to those with negative serology (5-year LDFS 79%; P <0.05). There was also a trend toward a decreased overall survival in patients with positive hepatitis serology compared to patients with negative serology (37% vs. 79%; P = 0.12). Univariate analysis revealed that only satellitosis was related to local recurrence and overall survival. Patients with positive serology for hepatitis B or C undergoing resection for hepatocellular carcinoma have a trend toward worse overall prognosis and a significantly decreased LDFS when compared to patients with negative serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
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Shaheen RM, Ahmad SA, Liu W, Reinmuth N, Jung YD, Tseng WW, Drazan KE, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Inhibited growth of colon cancer carcinomatosis by antibodies to vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factor receptors. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:584-9. [PMID: 11506500 PMCID: PMC2364099 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulate colon cancer growth and metastasis. Previous studies utilizing antibodies against the VEGF receptor (DC101) or EGF receptor (C225) have demonstrated independently that these agents can inhibit tumour growth and induce apoptosis in colon cancer in in vivo and in vitro systems. We hypothesized that simultaneous blockade of the VEGF and EGF receptors would enhance the therapy of colon cancer in a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Nude mice were given intraperitoneal injection of KM12L4 human colon cancer cells to generate peritoneal metastases. Mice were then randomized into one of four treatment groups: control, anti-VEGFR (DC101), anti-EGFR (C225), or DC101 and C225. Relative to the control group, treatment with DC101 or with DC101+C225 decreased tumour vascularity, growth, proliferation, formation of ascites and increased apoptosis of both tumour cells and endothelial cells. Although C225 therapy did not change any of the above parameters, C225 combined with DC101 led to a significant decrease in tumour vascularity and increases in tumour cell and endothelial cell apoptosis (vs the DC101 group). These findings suggest that DC101 inhibits angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, and VEGF-mediated ascites formation in a murine model of colon cancer carcinomatosis. The addition of C225 to DC101 appears to lead to a further decrease in angiogenesis and ascites formation. Combination anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR therapy may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of colon peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Shaheen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard-444, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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28
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Ahmad SA, Sayed MH, Barua S, Khan MH, Faruquee MH, Jalil A, Hadi SA, Talukder HK. Arsenic in drinking water and pregnancy outcomes. Environ Health Perspect 2001; 109:629-31. [PMID: 11445518 PMCID: PMC1240346 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.01109629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied a group of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water to identify the pregnancy outcomes in terms of live birth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth. We compared pregnancy outcomes of exposed respondents with pregnancy outcomes of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were not exposed to arsenic-contaminated water. In a cross-sectional study, we matched the women in both exposed and nonexposed groups for age, socioeconomic status, education, and age at marriage. The total sample size was 192, with 96 women in each group (i.e., exposed and nonexposed). Of the respondents in the exposed group, 98% had been drinking water containing [Greater and equal to] 0.10 mg/L arsenic and 43.8% had been drinking arsenic-contaminated water for 5-10 years. Skin manifestation due to chronic arsenic exposure was present in 22.9% of the respondents. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in terms of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and preterm birth rates were significantly higher in the exposed group than those in the nonexposed group (p = 0.008, p = 0.046, and p = 0.018, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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29
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Pelletier PM, Ahmad SA, Rourke BP. Classification rules for basic phonological processing disabilities and nonverbal learning disabilities: formulation and external validity. Child Neuropsychol 2001; 7:84-98. [PMID: 11935416 DOI: 10.1076/chin.7.2.84.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rules for the classification of two subtypes of learning disabilities (LD), namely, Basic Phonological Processing Disabilities (BPPD) and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NLD), are reported. These rules (refined as a result of application to two separate samples of children with LD) were used to select children from an entirely new sample who could be classified as having "definite" or "probable" BPPD or NLD. As a first step in the external validation of these rules, the patterns of psychosocial functioning exhibited by these two subtypes of LD were determined. As predicted, the vast majority of the BPPD subtype exhibited a pattern most consistent with normal or relatively normal psychosocial adjustment, and no appreciable increase in the incidence of significant psychosocial disturbance with advancing years. Also, as predicted, an increasing incidence of internalized psychosocial dysfunction (a form of significant psychosocial disturbance) was evident in the NLD subtype with advancing years. It is clear that children classified as having BPPD or NLD using these rules exhibit quite different, and predicted, relative patterns of psychosocial functioning. Thus, in this sense, the rules have concurrent validity. Finally, sets of rules/criteria for classification are presented that reflect their actual incidence in the two subtypes of LD generated for use in the validation phase of this investigation. These rules would appear to be useful for clinical purposes. It is also clear that they should be subjected to further validation studies in a broader age range for clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Pelletier
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada 9NB 3P4
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
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31
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Reinmuth N, Liu W, Jung YD, Ahmad SA, Shaheen RM, Fan F, Bucana CD, McMahon G, Gallick GE, Ellis LM. Induction of VEGF in perivascular cells defines a potential paracrine mechanism for endothelial cell survival. FASEB J 2001; 15:1239-41. [PMID: 11344100 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0693fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticoagulants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Becaplermin
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned
- Endothelial Growth Factors/biosynthesis
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Lymphokines/biosynthesis
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Lymphokines/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Oxindoles
- Paracrine Communication
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Propionates
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reinmuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
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32
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Alam S, Ahmad SA, Kumar S. Dietary regimen for persistent diarrhea in infants under four months. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:396-400. [PMID: 11313512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Alam
- Diarrhea Treatment and Training Unit, Department of Pediatrics, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 001, UP, India.
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33
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Jung YD, Ahmad SA, Akagi Y, Takahashi Y, Liu W, Reinmuth N, Shaheen RM, Fan F, Ellis LM. Role of the tumor microenvironment in mediating response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2001; 19:147-57. [PMID: 11191054 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026510130114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of innovative anti-angiogenic strategies, early clinical trials have not replicated the results observed from preclinical models. One reason for this apparent discrepancy is the fact that tumor endothelium is phenotypically distinct from normal tissue endothelium. Moreover, it has recently become apparent that each individual tumor may display a different angiogenic phenotype. The expression of angiogenic factors in tumors is controlled by both intrinsic factors in the tumor cell and the influence of the host microenvironment. The diversity of angiogenic factor expression in tumors growing at different sites, combined with the fact that endothelial cells in different organs and tumors are phenotypically distinct, constitutes a formidable challenge for the development of effective anti-angiogenic regimens. This review provides an overview of how the microenvironment regulates tumor angiogenesis and affects the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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34
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Ahmad SA, Liu W, Jung YD, Fan F, Wilson M, Reinmuth N, Shaheen RM, Bucana CD, Ellis LM. The effects of angiopoietin-1 and -2 on tumor growth and angiogenesis in human colon cancer. Cancer Res 2001. [PMID: 11245414 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010215)91:4<874::aid-cncr1076>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin (Ang) 1 and Ang-2 are important regulators of endothelial cell survival. Current models suggest that an increase in Ang-2 expression in endothelial cells leads to initiation of angiogenesis. We stably transfected HT29 colon cancer cells with cDNA constructs for Ang-1 or -2 or with vector alone, injected the cells s.c. into nude mice, and assessed tumor growth. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed sustained increases of Ang-1 and -2 in the tumors. The tumors produced by the Ang-2-transfected cells were larger than the tumors produced in the other groups; those tumors also had higher vessel counts and proliferative indices than tumors in the other groups. Tumors produced by the Ang-1 transfectants had fewer vessels and lower tumor cell proliferative indices than tumors in the other groups. These data suggest that imbalances between Ang-1 and -2 that result in a net gain of Ang-2 activity lead to enhanced tumor angiogenesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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35
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Shaheen RM, Tseng WW, Vellagas R, Liu W, Ahmad SA, Jung YD, Reinmuth N, Drazan KE, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Effects of an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 on survival, tumor vascularity, and apoptosis in a murine model of colon carcinomatosis. Int J Oncol 2001; 18:221-6. [PMID: 11172585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the predominant regulator of colon cancer angiogenesis and is associated with a poor prognosis and the development of metastases. We hypothesized that DC101, an antibody against the VEGF receptor-2 (flk-1), may be efficacious in the therapy of colon cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis in a murine model. BALB/c mice underwent intraperitoneal injection of CT-26 colon cancer cells to generate peritoneal metastases. Mice received control solvent or DC101 for up to 60 days. In parallel studies, mice were sacrificed at sequential time points to determine the effect of DC101 on tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, and endothelial cell apoptosis. Mice treated with DC101 demonstrated a 30% increase in mean survival. In addition, DC101 also led to a significant decrease in tumor vascularity, growth and tumor cell proliferation. In sequential studies, anti-VEGF-R therapy led to a progressive increase in endothelial cell apoptosis followed by an increase in tumor cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that anti-flk-1 therapy may prolong survival in patients with colon cancer carcinomatosis. The temporal studies demonstrating that anti-flk-1 therapy lead to an increase in endothelial cell apoptosis that in turn lead to an increase in tumor cell apoptosis confirms the role of VEGF as an endothelial cell survival factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Shaheen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The balance of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and apoptosis is a major determinant in tumor angiogenesis. Recently, several studies demonstrated that numerous angiogenic factors not only induce angiogenesis but also function as EC survival factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, is also an EC survival factor in embryonic vasculogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. VEGF activates specific intracellular survival pathways in ECs including Bcl-2, A1, IAP, Akt, and Erk. Integrins may function as EC survival factors by preventing anoikis by enhancing binding to the extracellular matrix. In addition, integrins may function in concert with VEGF to promote EC survival. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) has recently been shown to stabilize EC networks by binding to the EC-specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2. Pericytes also function as EC survival factors, by cell-cell contact, secretion of survival factors, or both. Targeting any of the above mechanisms for EC survival may provide novel antineoplastic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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37
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Syed TA, Qureshi ZA, Ahmad SA, Ali SM. Management of intravaginal warts in women with 5-fluorouracil (1%) in vaginal hydrophilic gel: a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11:371-4. [PMID: 10872909 DOI: 10.1258/0956462001916074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to determine the safety, tolerability and clinical efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (1%) in a vaginal hydrophilic gel (hydroxyethylcellulose, 1%) to cure intravaginal papillomas in women. Pre-selected, 60 women ranging between 18 and 50 years of age (mean 24.6), having 312 vaginal condylomas (mean 5.2) joined the study. The diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) was established with clinical, histopathological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Subjects were randomized into 2 parallel groups. Each patient was allocated a pre-coded tube 15 g (active or placebo) with graduated vaginal applicators (disposable), and instructions how to insert 4 g of the trial medication deep into the vagina once at bedtime on every other day (1, 3 and 5) per week, to visit the clinic on day 7 for clinical evaluations and to receive the same pre-coded replacement to continue the regimen for another week. A maximum 12 applications were to be used in 4 weeks. Cure was defined as absence of clinical signs of infection, re-confirmed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization negative HPV DNA. By the end of the treatment 48.4% patients and 51.9% lesions were cured. Breaking the code revealed that 5-fluorouracil (1%) gel had cured 83.3% patients and 87% intravaginal warts. Placebo resolved 13.3% patients and 14% condylomas; (active gel versus placebo; P < 0.001). Twelve patients (20%) mostly in the active gel experienced mild erythema, erosion and oedema, with no drop-outs. Among cured patients 3 had a relapse after 16 months. In conclusion, the clinical results of the study demonstrate that 5-fluorouracil (1%) in a vaginal hydrophilic gel is safe, tolerable and significantly more effective than placebo to cure intravaginal warts in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco 94143-0989, USA.
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38
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Ahasan MR, Ahmad SA, Khan TP. Occupational exposure and respiratory illness symptoms among textile industry workers in a developing country. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2000; 15:313-20. [PMID: 10701294 DOI: 10.1080/104732200301638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the respiratory health profile of textile mill workers in Bangladesh, aiming to develop workers' awareness and public attention, and to ensure a proper implementation of health and safety measures. Forced vital capacity was measured by peak expiratory flow rate instrument among 210 subjects. The personal history, the occupational history, and the state of health were also determined using a questionnaire and checklists. The subjects who had a considerably low peak expiratory flow rate (< 290 liters/min), and had symptoms of chronic respiratory illness, underwent X-ray examination. A statistically significant low peak expiratory flow rate was identified among 52.9 percent of workers. Among them, 42.9 percent had symptoms of cough with or without phlegm; 5.7 percent had a history of chronic bronchitis and/or asthma, and 4.3 percent experienced chest tightness or breathlessness. This study showed a high degree (p < .001) of respiratory-related illness symptoms present among the workers in the blow/card rooms and the workers in the spinning section. Irrespective of variation of age as well as work pattern, non-smokers were less likely to be affected. Whether worker were occupationally exposed to other incidences was also investigated. The results of these investigations are presented and the findings discussed in light of other studies carried among similar occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Ahasan
- Division of Work Science, University of Oulu, Finland
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39
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Hopkins TL, Krchma LJ, Ahmad SA, Kramer KJ. Pupal cuticle proteins of Manduca sexta: characterization and profiles during sclerotization. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 30:19-27. [PMID: 10646967 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(99)00091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteins in pupal abdominal cuticle of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, were characterized during the pre-ecdysial and post-ecdysial periods of sclerotization and endocuticle formation. Protein extractability decreased dramatically as the cuticle became sclerotized through 6 h post-ecdysis, but increased rapidly from 9 to 48 h as endocuticular layers were secreted. Nearly 100 proteins that were extracted from pre-ecdysial cuticle became largely insoluble during sclerotization. Three major proteins in this group destined to become exocuticle had apparent molecular masses (Mapp) of 20, 27 and 36 kDa, and were designated MS-PCP20, MS-PCP27, and MS-PCP36. Amino acid analysis revealed glycine to predominate in all three proteins, and alanine, aspartate, glutamate, proline and serine were also relatively abundant. Histidine residues, which provide sites for adduct and cross-link formation with quinone metabolites of N-beta-alanyldopamine during sclerotization of pupal cuticle, ranged from 2 to 3 mol %. N-Terminal amino acid analysis of MSPC-20 and MSPC-36 also revealed some sequence similarities indicating they may be related. An almost entirely new group of proteins appeared by 9 h as endocuticule secretion began, and these increased in abundance through 48 h post-ecdysis. Two of these were major proteins with Mapps of 33 and 34 kDa, and they also had close similarities in their N-terminal amino acid sequences. This study showed that the large number of proteins secreted into the presumptive exocuticle of the pupa before ecdysis are involved in sclerotization reactions and as a consequence become largely insoluble. The epidermis then switches to the secretion of an entirely new group of proteins that are involved in formation of the endocuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Hopkins
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-4004, USA.
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Gitzelmann CA, Mendoza-Sagaon M, Talamini MA, Ahmad SA, Pegoli W, Paidas CN. Cell-mediated immune response is better preserved by laparoscopy than laparotomy. Surgery 2000; 127:65-71. [PMID: 10660760 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2000.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum versus laparotomy on cellular-mediated immune response in a murine model. METHODS Sixty-eight female C3H/He mice were sensitized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and to a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line (MC2) before surgery. Animals were randomized into 4 groups: group I, anesthesia (control); group II, pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide; group III, extraperitoneal wound; group IV, laparotomy. All animals were challenged subsequently with KLH and MC2 tumor cells. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction (DTH) to KLH was measured on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 4, and 5. Tumor growth was assessed weekly as an indicator of postoperative cellular immune response. RESULTS Compared with preoperative values, postoperative DTH skin reactions were significantly less for all PODs in groups III and IV (P < .05), on POD 1 and 4 in group II (P < .05) and POD 4 for group I (P < .05). Group IV showed significantly fewer DTH skin reactions for all PODs compared with groups I and II (P < .05) and all PODs except on day 2 compared with group III (P < .05). Tumor growth was significantly increased at postoperative week 2 (n = 3/17 mice) and 3 (n = 4/17 mice) in group IV, when compared with groups I and II (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Cellular immunity is preserved after carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum compared with extraperitoneal incisions and laparotomy as measured by DTH and the ability to reject an immunogenictumor.
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Tondel M, Rahman M, Magnuson A, Chowdhury IA, Faruquee MH, Ahmad SA. The relationship of arsenic levels in drinking water and the prevalence rate of skin lesions in Bangladesh. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107:727-9. [PMID: 10464073 PMCID: PMC1566438 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.99107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine the relationship of arsenic-associated skin lesions and degree of arsenic exposure, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh, where a large part of the population is exposed through drinking water. Four villages in Bangladesh were identified as mainly dependent on wells contaminated with arsenic. We interviewed and examined 1,481 subjects [Greater/equal to] 30 years of age in these villages. A total of 430 subjects had skin lesions (keratosis, hyperpigmentation, or hypopigmentation). Individual exposure assessment could only be estimated by present levels and in terms of a dose index, i.e., arsenic levels divided by individual body weight. Arsenic water concentrations ranged from 10 to 2,040 microg/L, and the crude overall prevalence rate for skin lesions was 29/100. After age adjustment to the world population the prevalence rate was 30. 1/100 and 26.5/100 for males and females, respectively. There was a significant trend for the prevalence rate both in relation to exposure levels and to dose index (p < 0.05), regardless of sex. This study shows a higher prevalence rate of arsenic skin lesions in males than females, with clear dose-response relationship. The overall high prevalence rate in the studied villages is an alarming sign of arsenic exposure and requires an urgent remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tondel
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Health and Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Ahmad SA, Sayed MH, Faruquee MH, Khan MH, Jalil MA, Ahmed R, Razzaque MA. Arsenicosis: sex differentials. J Prev Soc Med 1999; 18:35-40. [PMID: 12179653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Syed TA, Qureshi ZA, Ali SM, Ahmad S, Ahmad SA. Treatment of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream. Trop Med Int Health 1999; 4:284-7. [PMID: 10357864 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of onychomycosis, a superficial fungal infection that destroys the entire nail unit, is rising, with no satisfactory cure. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to examine the clinical efficacy and tolerability of 2% butenafine hydrochloride and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia oil incorporated in a cream to manage toenail onychomycosis in a cohort. Sixty outpatients (39 M, 21 F) aged 18-80 years (mean 29.6) with 6-36 months duration of disease were randomized to two groups (40 and 20), active and placebo. After 16 weeks, 80% of patients using medicated cream were cured, as opposed to none in the placebo group. Four patients in the active treatment group experienced subjective mild inflammation without discontinuing treatment. During follow-up, no relapse occurred in cured patients and no improvement was seen in medication-resistant and placebo participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Abstract
-A prevalence comparison of hypertension among subjects with and those without arsenic exposure through drinking water was conducted in Bangladesh to confirm or refute an earlier observation of a relation in this respect. Wells with and without present arsenic contamination were identified, and we interviewed and examined 1595 subjects who were depending on drinking water from these wells for living, all >/=30 years of age. The interview was based on a questionnaire, and arsenic exposure was estimated from the history of well-water consumption and current arsenic levels. Of the 1595 subjects studied, 1481 had a history of arsenic-contaminated drinking water, whereas 114 had not. Time-weighted mean arsenic levels (in milligrams per liter) and milligram-years per liter of arsenic exposure were estimated for each subject. Exposure categories were assessed as <0.5 mg/L, 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L, and >1.0 mg/L and alternatively as <1.0 mg-y/L, 1.0 to 5.0 mg-y/L, >5.0 but </=10.0 mg-y/L, and >10.0 mg-y/L, respectively. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of >/=140 mm Hg in combination with a diastolic blood pressure of >/=90 mm Hg. Corresponding to the exposure categories, and using "unexposed" as the reference, the prevalence ratios for hypertension adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index were 1.2, 2.2, 2.5 and 0.8, 1.5, 2.2, 3.0, in relation to arsenic exposure in milligrams per liter and milligram-years per liter, respectively. The indicated dose-response relationships were significant (P<<0.001) for both series of risk estimates. These results suggest that arsenic exposure may induce hypertension in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rahman
- Department of Health & Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
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al-Ghamdy YS, Qureshi NA, Abdelghadir MH, al-Habeeb TA, Ahmad SA. Psychotropic drugs prescriptions in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 1999; 5:27-34. [PMID: 10793778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Psychotropic drugs prescriptions for patients attending psychiatric outpatient clinics were studied. Of the 52,168 prescriptions written in 1996, 18,265 were systematically, randomly selected and evaluated. Incomplete prescriptions were found; the data missing included duration of treatment (18.75%), sex (9.25%), age (8.75%) and diagnosis (7.50%). Antipsychotics (33.1%), antidepressants (23.2%), anticholinergics (22.0%) and anticonvulsants (12.9%) were the most frequently prescribed drugs. Polypharmacy (85%) was the predominant mode of practice. The most common diagnoses were mood (23.1%), anxiety (17.7%) and schizophrenic (16.2%) disorders. Medical education and quality monitoring programmes are suggested to improve the quality of psychotropic prescriptions and modify multiple pharmacotherapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S al-Ghamdy
- Buraidah Mental Health Hospital, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Syed TA, Ahmadpour OA, Ahmad SA, Shamsi S. Management of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 20% urea cream: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Dermatol 1998; 25:648-52. [PMID: 9830263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is an increasingly common and recalcitrant fungal nail infection world-wide. The purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to determine the clinical efficacy, chemical avulsion, and tolerability of 2% butenafine hydrochloride and 20% urea incorporated in a cream to cure toenail onychomycosis in a preselected population. Sixty patients (38M, 22F), ranging between 18 and 60 years (mean 27.4), with more than 25% involvement of the big toenail were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of onychomycosis was established by mycologic identification and reconfirmed by positive fungal culture. A precoded 25-g tube was randomly assigned to each patient (50 active and 10 placebo) with instructions to apply the trial medication to their infected toenail twice daily with an occlusive dressing for one week. The affected nail was removed with a nail clipper. No occlusive dressing was maintained after the initial one week regimen. To assess the chemical avulsion of the infected toenail, mycologic cure, clinical effectiveness of the treatment, and overall success, patients were examined twice a week for 16 weeks and thereafter on a weekly basis for a further 36 weeks. The treatment was well tolerated by all the patients throughout the study, with no dropouts. Marked improvement was seen in 73.3% patients after weeks 8, 16 and 24 with clinically and mycologically confirmed negative fungal culture. Code disclosure revealed that active butenafine and urea cream cured significantly more patients than placebo (88% versus 0%; p < 0.0001). Of the 60 patients 91.6% reported no drug-related adverse symptoms. Five patients reported non-objective mild inflammation without discontinuation of the treatment. During one year follow-up of the study phase, none of the cured patients had a relapse. In conclusion, the mycologic and overall assessment of this study demonstrate that 2% butenafine HCl and 20% urea incorporated in a cream for keratinolysis is safe to use and significantly more effective than placebo in curing big toenail onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0989, USA
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess whether arsenic exposure is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus as indicated in a few earlier studies. Arsenic in drinking water is known to occur in western Bangladesh, and in 1996, two of the authors conducted a survey of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 163 subjects with keratosis taken as exposed to arsenic and 854 unexposed individuals. Diabetes mellitus was determined by history of symptoms, previously diagnosed diabetes, glucosuria, and blood sugar level after glucose intake. The crude prevalence ratio for diabetes mellitus among keratotic subjects exposed to arsenic was 4.4 (95% confidence interval 2.5-7.7) and increased to 5.2 (95% confidence interval 2.5-10.5) after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. On the basis of a few earlier measurements of arsenic concentrations in drinking water by the authorities in Bangladesh and another 20 new ad hoc analyses, approximate time-weighted exposure levels to arsenic in drinking water could be estimated for each subject. Three time-weighted average exposure categories were created, i.e., less than 0.5, 0.5-1.0, and more than 1.0 mg/liter. For the unexposed subjects, the corresponding prevalence ratios were 1.0, 2.6, 3.9, and 8.8, representing a significant trend in risk (p < 0.001). The result corroborates earlier studies and suggests that arsenic exposure is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rahman
- Department of Health and Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
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Syed TA, Ahmadpour OA, Ahmad SA, Ahmad SH. Management of female genital warts with an analog of imiquimod 2% in cream: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Dermatol 1998; 25:429-33. [PMID: 9714974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the clinical efficacy and tolerability of an analog of imiquimod (2%)in cream to cure genital warts in women. Sixty preselected women, ranging between 18 and 45 years of age (mean 24.3) and having 411 lesions (mean 6.8) with clinical, histopathological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed diagnosis of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection were randomized to two parallel groups. Each patient received a precoded 40-g tube and instructions on how to apply the trial medication to their lesions at home two times daily for five consecutive days per week. The active treatment period was six weeks. Patients were evaluated on a weekly basis. A clinically and PCR established total clearance of target warts was recorded as a cure. By the end of the treatment, 43.3% of patients and 42.8% of warts were cured. Code disclosure revealed that imiquimod cream had cured 83.3% of the treated patients and 84.3% of the tested warts, while the placebo healed one subject and four warts (p < 0.0001). Eight patients (13.3%) in the imiquimod group experienced mild to moderate, non-objective, drug-induced symptoms with no dropouts. Among the 26 cured patients, five had a relapse after 11 months. In conclusion, the data presented demonstrate that 2% imiquimod in cream with mild to moderate subjective side effects is significantly more effective than placebo in eliminating genital warts in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Syed
- Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco 94143-0989, USA
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Syed TA, Goswami J, Ahmadpour OA, Ahmad SA. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum in males with an analog of imiquimod 1% in cream: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Dermatol 1998; 25:309-13. [PMID: 9640884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate in males the clinical efficacy in treating molluscum contagiosum and tolerance of an analog of imiquimod (1%) in cream. One hundred patients between 9 and 27 years of age (mean 16.3), with 733 lesions (mean 7.3), whose size ranged from 2 to 5 mm diameter (mean spot size 3.4 mm) and a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum were randomized into two parallel groups. In a double-blind manner, precoded 40-g tubes were dispensed. Patients self-administered the trial medication to their lesions at home three times daily for five consecutive days per week. The study was scheduled with 4 weeks of active treatment (maximum 60 topical applications) and 12 months (on a monthly basis) of follow-up. Patients were examined on a weekly basis. Thirteen patients had atopic dermatitis. A clinically and histopathologically confirmed total elimination of lesions was considered as cured. After four weeks of treatment, 49 patients and 372 lesions were cured. Breaking the code revealed that imiquimod cream had cured 82% of the patients and 86.3% of the lesions. Placebo cleared 16% of the patients and 63 of the lesions (p < 0.0001). During the treatment, 88% of the patients experienced no allergic, localized, or drug-related adverse symptoms. Twelve patients, predominantly in the imiquimod cream group reported non-objective, drug-induced, mild reactions with no dropouts. The study was followed-up for 12 months. Among 49 cured patients, 3 had relapses after 10 months. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that 1% imiquimod analog in cream with mild subjective side effects is significantly more efficacious than the placebo in curing molluscum contagiosum in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco 94143-0989, USA
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Syed TA, Ahmadpour OA, Ahmad SA, Ahmad SH. Human leukocyte interferon-alpha in a hydrophilic cream versus in a gel for the treatment of genital herpes in males: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study. J Dermatol 1997; 24:564-8. [PMID: 9350101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1997.tb02293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative study was to differentiate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of human leukocyte interferon-alpha incorporated (2 x 10(6) IU/g) in a hydrophilic cream and in a gel to heal males afflicted with first episodes of genital herpes. Patients (n = 60), aged 18-40 years (mean 23.2) with culture-confirmed diagnosis of herpes genitalis were randomized to three parallel groups. Each patient was allocated a precoded 40-g tube, containing either preparation or placebo. Cream or gel was applied three times daily for 5 consecutive days. The duration of the active treatment was two weeks. Patients were examined after 48 hours in initial treatment, and thereafter two times a week. A reepithelialized lesion with some residual erythema was recorded as healed. The study demonstrated that patients treated with leukocyte interferon-alpha cream had both significantly shorter mean duration of lesions than gel and placebo recipients (5.3 days vs. 8 days, 13 days respectively; p < 0.001) and a higher number of healed patients (80% vs. 55%, 20% respectively; p < 0.001). Of the 60 patients, 49 (82%) complained of no drug-related side effects. Eleven patients predominantly in the cream/gel groups reported non-objective transitory increase in their body temperature (> 38 degrees C) with moderate headache, malaise and myalgia. The study was followed-up for 24 months after the first day of the treatment, and out of 31/60 cured patients, 4 had a relapse after 18 months. In conclusion the study affirmed that human leukocyte interferon-alpha (2 x 10(6) IU/g) in a hydrophilic cream is more efficacious than its incorporation in gel or placebo, thus suggesting that leukocyte interferon-alpha in a hydrophilic cream, with a profile of non-objective mild to moderate drug-induced indications, may be considered an alternative and effective treatment modality to cure male patients afflicted with first episodes of genital herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0989, USA
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