1
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Lunt AM, Fakhruldeen H, Pizzuto G, Longley L, White A, Rankin N, Clowes R, Alston B, Gigli L, Day GM, Cooper AI, Chong SY. Modular, multi-robot integration of laboratories: an autonomous workflow for solid-state chemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2456-2463. [PMID: 38362408 PMCID: PMC10866346 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06206f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Automation can transform productivity in research activities that use liquid handling, such as organic synthesis, but it has made less impact in materials laboratories, which require sample preparation steps and a range of solid-state characterization techniques. For example, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a key method in materials and pharmaceutical chemistry, but its end-to-end automation is challenging because it involves solid powder handling and sample processing. Here we present a fully autonomous solid-state workflow for PXRD experiments that can match or even surpass manual data quality, encompassing crystal growth, sample preparation, and automated data capture. The workflow involves 12 steps performed by a team of three multipurpose robots, illustrating the power of flexible, modular automation to integrate complex, multitask laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Lunt
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Hatem Fakhruldeen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Gabriella Pizzuto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Louis Longley
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Alexander White
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Nicola Rankin
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Ben Alston
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Lucia Gigli
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Graeme M Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
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2
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Yang H, Li C, Liu T, Fellowes T, Chong SY, Catalano L, Bahri M, Zhang W, Xu Y, Liu L, Zhao W, Gardner AM, Clowes R, Browning ND, Li X, Cowan AJ, Cooper AI. Packing-induced selectivity switching in molecular nanoparticle photocatalysts for hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide production. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:307-315. [PMID: 36702952 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular packing controls optoelectronic properties in organic molecular nanomaterials. Here we report a donor-acceptor organic molecule (2,6-bis(4-cyanophenyl)-4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile) that exhibits two aggregate states in aqueous dispersions: amorphous nanospheres and ordered nanofibres with π-π molecular stacking. The nanofibres promote sacrificial photocatalytic H2 production (31.85 mmol g-1 h-1) while the nanospheres produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (3.20 mmol g-1 h-1 in the presence of O2). This is the first example of an organic photocatalyst that can be directed to produce these two different solar fuels simply by changing the molecular packing. These different packings affect energy band levels, the extent of excited state delocalization, the excited state dynamics, charge transfer to O2 and the light absorption profile. We use a combination of structural and photophysical measurements to understand how this influences photocatalytic selectivity. This illustrates the potential to achieve multiple photocatalytic functionalities with a single organic molecule by engineering nanomorphology and solid-state packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Yang
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chao Li
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tao Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Fellowes
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Luca Catalano
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mounib Bahri
- Albert Crewe Centre for Electron Microscopy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Xu
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lunjie Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adrian M Gardner
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nigel D Browning
- Albert Crewe Centre for Electron Microscopy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Alexander J Cowan
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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3
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Chong SY, Wang X, Van Bloois L, Huang C, Yu X, Sayed N, Zhang S, Ting HJ, Thiam CH, Lim SY, Lim HY, Zharkova O, Angeli V, Storm G, Wang JW. Liposomal docosahexaenoic acid halts atherosclerosis progression. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atherosclerosis is the main cause underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is a hydrophobic polyunsaturated fatty acid that exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the beneficial effects of DHA on CVD have been controversial likely due to variations in bioavailability after oral intake.
Purpose
In this study, we aim to investigate the potential inhibiting properties of liposomal DHA on atherosclerosis progression upon intravenous administration.
Methods
Four weeks old ApoE−/− and LDLr−/− mice were fed on athero-inducing high fat diet for 4 weeks and then randomly divided into two groups. The mice received either control liposomes (control group) or liposomes containing DHA (liposomal DHA treatment group) via intravenous injection, twice a week for 8 weeks while still being fed on high fat diet. At the experiment endpoint, whole aortas were collected for Oil Red O staining to quantify plaque area or for biochemical analysis. Plasma was collected for total cholesterol measurement and lipidomic analysis. Aortic roots were used for histological analysis.
Results
Upon intravenous injection, as shown by IVIS imaging, DHA-containing liposomes accumulated preferentially in the atherosclerotic plaques. Compared to control liposomes, liposomal DHA treatment reduced the atherosclerotic plaque area in both atherosclerosis animal models, with the total plaque area decreased by 35.8% in ApoE−/− mice, (p<0.001) and by 22.4% in LDLr−/− mice (p<0.05). Plaque composition analysis revealed that liposomal DHA treatment increased collagen content and reduced the number of macrophages and neutral lipid within the plaques, resulting in a lower plaque vulnerability index (1.095 for liposomal DHA treated group vs. 1.692 for control group, p<0.05). Among those plaque macrophages, as demonstrated by immunohistology, M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages accounted for 4.44% in liposomal DHA treated mice and 2.24% in control liposomes treated mice (p<0.05). In agreement with the histology results, higher mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, CD206 and CD163) and collagen type 1 were determined in aortic tissue after liposomal DHA treatment. Moreover, liposomal DHA did not change total cholesterol level in the blood but significantly lowered plasma levels of several species of triglycerides. In vitro experiment with bone marrow derived macrophages showed that liposomal DHA was able to suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that incorporation of DHA in injectable liposomes is an effective way to increase the inhibitory effects of DHA on halting the progression of atherosclerosis via lowering circulating triglycerides, reducing plaque inflammation, and enhancing plaque stability. Intravenous administration of liposomal DHA may become an efficacious strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): NUSMed Seed Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - X Wang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L Van Bloois
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - C Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - X Yu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - N Sayed
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Zhang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - H J Ting
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Thiam
- Immunology translational research program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Y Lim
- Immunology translational research program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - H Y Lim
- Immunology translational research program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - O Zharkova
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - V Angeli
- Immunology translational research program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - G Storm
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - J W Wang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
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4
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Wang JW, Chong SY, Zharkova O, Yatim SMJM, Wang X, Lim XC, Huang C, Tan CY, Jiang J, Versteeg HH, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P, Lam CSP, Chan MY. Tissue factor cytoplasmic domain exacerbates post-infarct left ventricular remodeling via orchestrating cardiac inflammation and angiogenesis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The coagulation protein tissue factor (TF) regulates inflammation and angiogenesis via its cytoplasmic domain in infection, cancer and diabetes. While TF is highly abundant in the heart and implicated in cardiac injuries and dysfunction, the contribution of its cytoplasmic domain in cardiac pathology remains unclear.
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the contribution of the cytoplasmic domain of TF to post-infarct myocardial injury and adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling.
Methods and results
Myocardial infarction was induced by permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Male mice with C57BL/Jax background were used for the study. Compared with wild-type mice, mice lacking the TF cytoplasmic domain (TFΔCT) had a higher survival rate (90.5% versus 70%, p=0.0298) during a 28-day follow-up after myocardial infarction. Among surviving mice, TFΔCT mice had better cardiac function and less LV remodeling (ESV: 114.5±13.1mL for WT, 67.06±10.8mL for TFΔCT, p<0.001; EDV: 146.6±12.4mL for WT, 99.97±11.71mL for TFΔCT, p<0.001) than wild-type mice. Bone marrow chimerism indicated that deletion of the TF cytoplasmic domain in either bone marrow-derived cells or cardiac resident cells could alleviate post-infarct cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking strain analysis revealed that the overall improvement of post-infarct cardiac performance in TFΔCT mice was attributed to reduced myocardial deformation in the peri-infarct region (strain-%: 11.14±0.97 for WT, 15.34±1.10 for TFΔCT, p=0.007; strain rate-/s: 3.89±0.26 for WT, 5.18±0.21 for TFΔCT, p=0.0005). Histological analysis demonstrated that TFΔCT hearts had in the infarct area greater proliferation of endothelial cells and myofibroblasts accompanied with better scar formation. Compared with wild-type hearts, infarcted TFΔCT hearts showed less infiltration of proinflammatory cells with concomitant lower expression of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1)-Rac1 axis. Furthermore, infarcted TFΔCT hearts presented markedly higher peri-infarct vessel density associated with enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and higher expression of PAR2 and PAR2-associated pro-angiogenic pathway factors.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the TF cytoplasmic domain exacerbates post-infarct cardiac injury and adverse LV remodeling via differential regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis. Targeted inhibition of the TF cytoplasmic domain-mediated intracellular signaling may ameliorate post-infarct LV remodeling without perturbing coagulation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): National University Health System of Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Y Chong
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - O Zharkova
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - X Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - X C Lim
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Huang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Y Tan
- National University of Singapore, Biochemistry, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Jiang
- National University of Singapore, Biochemistry, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H H Versteeg
- Leiden University Medical Center, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - M Dewerchin
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Carmeliet
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - C S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Y Chan
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Wang X, Bahri M, Fu Z, Little MA, Liu L, Niu H, Browning ND, Chong SY, Chen L, Ward JW, Cooper AI. A Cubic 3D Covalent Organic Framework with nbo Topology. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15011-15016. [PMID: 34516737 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) requires high-connectivity polyhedral building blocks or the controlled alignment of building blocks. Here, we use the latter strategy to assemble square-planar cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (PcCo) units into the nbo topology by using tetrahedral spiroborate (SPB) linkages that were chosen to provide the necessary 90° dihedral angles between neighboring PcCo units. This yields a porous 3D COF, SPB-COF-DBA, with a noninterpenetrated nbo topology. SPB-COF-DBA shows high crystallinity and long-range order, with 11 resolved diffraction peaks in the experimental powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern. This well-ordered crystal lattice can also be imaged by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). SPB-COF-DBA has cubic pores and exhibits permanent porosity with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1726 m2 g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, U.K.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Mounib Bahri
- Albert Crewe Centre for Electron Microscopy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, U.K
| | - Zhiwei Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Marc A Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Lunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Hongjun Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Nigel D Browning
- Albert Crewe Centre for Electron Microscopy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, U.K
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, U.K.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - John W Ward
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, U.K.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, U.K.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
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6
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He D, Zhao C, Chen L, Little MA, Chong SY, Clowes R, McKie K, Roper MG, Day GM, Liu M, Cooper AI. Cover Feature: Inherent Ethyl Acetate Selectivity in a Trianglimine Molecular Solid (Chem. Eur. J. 41/2021). Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglin He
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Chengxi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | | | | | - Graeme M. Day
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Computational Systems Chemistry School of Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
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7
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Zhang B, Petcher S, Gao H, Yan P, Cai D, Fleming G, Parker DJ, Chong SY, Hasell T. Magnetic sulfur-doped carbons for mercury adsorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:728-737. [PMID: 34229116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mercury pollution is a significant threat to the environment and health worldwide. Therefore, effective and low-cost absorbents that are easily scalable are needed for real-world applications. Enlarging the surface area of the materials and doping with heteroatoms are two of the most common strategies to cope with this problem. Sulfur-doped activated carbon synthesized from the carbonization of inverse vulcanized thiopolymers makes it possible to combine both large specific surface area and doping of heteroatoms, resulting in outperformance in mercury uptake against commercial activated carbons. Convenient recovery of mercury absorbents after treatment should be beneficial in mercury collecting and recycling. Therefore, magnetic sulfur-doped carbons (MSCs) were prepared by functionalizing sulfur doped carbons through chemical precipitation with magnetic iron oxides. Besides the characterisations of materials, mercury uptake experiments, such as stactic test, capacity test, impact of solution pH, and mixed ions interferences were performed. These MSCs exhibit high specific surface area (1,329 m2/g), high sulfur content (up to 14.8 wt%), porous structure, low cost, and are convenient for retrieval. MSCs are demonstrated high uptake capacity (187 mg g-1) and efficiency in mercury solution and multifunctional absorption in mixed ions solution, showing their potential to be applied in water purification and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Samuel Petcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Peiyao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Diana Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - George Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Douglas J Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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8
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He D, Zhao C, Chen L, Little MA, Chong SY, Clowes R, McKie K, Roper MG, Day GM, Liu M, Cooper AI. Inherent Ethyl Acetate Selectivity in a Trianglimine Molecular Solid. Chemistry 2021; 27:10589-10594. [PMID: 33929053 PMCID: PMC8362070 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate is an important chemical raw material and solvent. It is also a key volatile organic compound in the brewing industry and a marker for lung cancer. Materials that are highly selective toward ethyl acetate are needed for its separation and detection. Here, we report a trianglimine macrocycle (TAMC) that selectively adsorbs ethyl acetate by forming a solvate. Crystal structure prediction showed this to be the lowest energy solvate structure available. This solvate leaves a metastable, “templated” cavity after solvent removal. Adsorption and breakthrough experiments confirmed that TAMC has adequate adsorption kinetics to separate ethyl acetate from azeotropic mixtures with ethanol, which is a challenging and energy‐intensive industrial separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin He
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Chengxi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Marc A Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | | | | | - Graeme M Day
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.,Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
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9
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Chen L, Che Y, Cooper AI, Chong SY. Exploring cooperative porosity in organic cage crystals using in situ diffraction and molecular simulations. Faraday Discuss 2021; 225:100-117. [PMID: 33146640 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A porous organic cage crystal, α-CC2, shows unexpected adsorption of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) in its cage cavities: analysis of the static crystal structure indicates that SF6 is occluded, as even the smallest diatomic gas, H2, is larger than the window of the cage pore. Herein, we use in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments to provide unequivocal evidence for the presence of SF6 inside the 'occluded' cage voids, pointing to a mechanism of dynamic flexibility of the system. By combining PXRD results with molecular dynamics simulations, we build a molecular level picture of the cooperative porosity in α-CC2 that facilitates the passage of SF6 into the cage voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Chen
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
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10
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Wang K, Jia Z, Bai Y, Wang X, Hodgkiss SE, Chen L, Chong SY, Wang X, Yang H, Xu Y, Feng F, Ward JW, Cooper AI. Synthesis of Stable Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks via a Multicomponent Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11131-11138. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Sophie E. Hodgkiss
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Haofan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Yongjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - John W. Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
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11
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Liu M, Zhang L, Little MA, Kapil V, Ceriotti M, Yang S, Ding L, Holden DL, Balderas-Xicohténcatl R, He D, Clowes R, Chong SY, Schütz G, Chen L, Hirscher M, Cooper AI. Barely porous organic cages for hydrogen isotope separation. Science 2020; 366:613-620. [PMID: 31672893 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The separation of hydrogen isotopes for applications such as nuclear fusion is a major challenge. Current technologies are energy intensive and inefficient. Nanoporous materials have the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes by kinetic quantum sieving, but high separation selectivity tends to correlate with low adsorption capacity, which can prohibit process scale-up. In this study, we use organic synthesis to modify the internal cavities of cage molecules to produce hybrid materials that are excellent quantum sieves. By combining small-pore and large-pore cages together in a single solid, we produce a material with optimal separation performance that combines an excellent deuterium/hydrogen selectivity (8.0) with a high deuterium uptake (4.7 millimoles per gram).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Linda Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc A Little
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Venkat Kapil
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an JiaoTong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an JiaoTong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Daniel L Holden
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | | | - Donglin He
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Gisela Schütz
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Michael Hirscher
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK. .,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
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12
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Tan R, Wang A, Malpass-Evans R, Williams R, Zhao EW, Liu T, Ye C, Zhou X, Darwich BP, Fan Z, Turcani L, Jackson E, Chen L, Chong SY, Li T, Jelfs KE, Cooper AI, Brandon NP, Grey CP, McKeown NB, Song Q. Author Correction: Hydrophilic microporous membranes for selective ion separation and flow-battery energy storage. Nat Mater 2020; 19:251. [PMID: 31866669 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tan
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anqi Wang
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rhodri Williams
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiaoqun Zhou
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Zhiyu Fan
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lukas Turcani
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
- X-ray Science Division, JCESR, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nigel P Brandon
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Qilei Song
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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13
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Tan R, Wang A, Malpass-Evans R, Williams R, Zhao EW, Liu T, Ye C, Zhou X, Darwich BP, Fan Z, Turcani L, Jackson E, Chen L, Chong SY, Li T, Jelfs KE, Cooper AI, Brandon NP, Grey CP, McKeown NB, Song Q. Hydrophilic microporous membranes for selective ion separation and flow-battery energy storage. Nat Mater 2020; 19:195-202. [PMID: 31792424 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membranes with fast and selective ion transport are widely used for water purification and devices for energy conversion and storage including fuel cells, redox flow batteries and electrochemical reactors. However, it remains challenging to design cost-effective, easily processed ion-conductive membranes with well-defined pore architectures. Here, we report a new approach to designing membranes with narrow molecular-sized channels and hydrophilic functionality that enable fast transport of salt ions and high size-exclusion selectivity towards small organic molecules. These membranes, based on polymers of intrinsic microporosity containing Tröger's base or amidoxime groups, demonstrate that exquisite control over subnanometre pore structure, the introduction of hydrophilic functional groups and thickness control all play important roles in achieving fast ion transport combined with high molecular selectivity. These membranes enable aqueous organic flow batteries with high energy efficiency and high capacity retention, suggesting their utility for a variety of energy-related devices and water purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tan
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anqi Wang
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rhodri Williams
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiaoqun Zhou
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Zhiyu Fan
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lukas Turcani
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
- X-ray Science Division, JCESR, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nigel P Brandon
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Qilei Song
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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14
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Fu Z, Wang X, Gardner AM, Wang X, Chong SY, Neri G, Cowan AJ, Liu L, Li X, Vogel A, Clowes R, Bilton M, Chen L, Sprick RS, Cooper AI. A stable covalent organic framework for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. Chem Sci 2019; 11:543-550. [PMID: 32206271 PMCID: PMC7069507 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03800k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A metal-decorated alkene-linked covalent organic framework is a robust, selective photocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into fuels is an important challenge for clean energy research and has attracted considerable interest. Here we show that tethering molecular catalysts—a rhenium complex, [Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl]—together in the form of a crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) affords a heterogeneous photocatalyst with a strong visible light absorption, a high CO2 binding affinity, and ultimately an improved catalytic performance over its homogeneous Re counterpart. The COF incorporates bipyridine sites, allowing for ligation of the Re complex, into a fully π-conjugated backbone that is chemically robust and promotes light-harvesting. A maximum rate of 1040 μmol g–1 h–1 for CO production with 81% selectivity was measured. CO production rates were further increased up to 1400 μmol g–1 h–1, with an improved selectivity of 86%, when a photosensitizer was added. Addition of platinum resulted in production of syngas, hence, the co-formation of H2 and CO, the chemical composition of which could be adjusted by varying the ratio of COF to platinum. An amorphous analog of the COF showed significantly lower CO production rates, suggesting that crystallinity of the COF is beneficial to its photocatalytic performance in CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ;
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ;
| | - Adrian M Gardner
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Chadwick Building, Peach Street , Liverpool L69 7ZF , UK
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ; .,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design , Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ;
| | - Gaia Neri
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Chadwick Building, Peach Street , Liverpool L69 7ZF , UK
| | - Alexander J Cowan
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Chadwick Building, Peach Street , Liverpool L69 7ZF , UK
| | - Lunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ;
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ;
| | - Anastasia Vogel
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ;
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ;
| | - Matthew Bilton
- Imaging Centre at Liverpool , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GL , UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ; .,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design , Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ;
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK . ; ; .,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design , Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , UK
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15
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Lim XC, Yatim SMJM, Chong SY, Wang X, Tan SH, Yang X, Chan SP, Richards AM, Charles CJ, Chan M, Wang JW. P4639Plasma tissue factor coagulation activity in post-acute myocardial infarction patients. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coagulation is involved in fibroproliferative responses following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Left ventricular (LV) remodeling following AMI is closely associated with progression to heart failure.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the association of plasma tissue factor (TF) coagulation activity with LV remodeling prior to heart failure in post-AMI patients.
Methods
This study was conducted in 228 subjects from the Post-AMI Left Ventricular Remodeling Biomarker Analysis (PAMILA) study and 57 healthy subjects. The post-AMI patients were divided into two age- and sex-matched groups: patients with adverse LV remodeling defined as an increase in LV end systolic volume by ≥15% over 6 months and patients with reverse LV remodeling defined as an decrease in LV end systolic volume by ≥15% over 6 months. TF coagulation activity was determined using human coagulation factor Xa generation based TF chromogenic activity assay and converted into concentrations of active TF (pM). Sodium-citrate anticoagulated plasma was collected at baseline (within 3 days after revascularization), 30 days and 6 months post-AMI. Results are presented as mean±S.E.M. One-way or two-way repeated measures ANOVA or a multiple multi-level longitudinal data analysis with structural equation model was used to assess differences in coagulation activity. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Plasma from healthy subjects and post-AMI patients at baseline had similar concentrations of active TF (TFa): 29.0±1.4 versus 29.1±0.7 pM. Patients treated with warfarin (15 out of 228 patients) showed lower plasma levels of TFa (mean difference −15.2 pM, [95% CI: −18.7, −11.7], p<0.001). Compared to baseline, plasma levels of TFa in the patients was significantly lower at 30 days post-AMI (mean difference −6.9 pM, [95% CI: −4.8, −8.9], p<0.001) and 6 months post-AMI (mean difference −2.8 pM, [95% CI: −0.8, −4.8], p=0.003). Intriguingly, plasma levels of TFa tended to recover from 30 days to 6 months post-AMI (mean difference 4.1 pM, [95% CI: 2.8, 5.4], p<0.001) toward the baseline level and the level in healthy subjects. Similar trends of temporal changes of plasma TFa levels were observed in patients with adverse LV remodeling and those with reverse LV remodeling although TFa levels were slightly higher in patients with reverse LV remodeling (F(2,448)=3.112, p=0.045 for interaction). After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, medications, lipid profile and risk factors, the temporal changes of plasma TFa levels in patients remain significant, however, the difference between patients with adverse versus reverse LV remodeling was not significant.
Conclusion
Plasma TF coagulation activity decreased post-AMI but did not differ in patients with adverse versus reverse LV remodeling.
Acknowledgement/Funding
National University Health System Singapore (NUHS O-CRG 2016 Oct-23) to JW Wang
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Lim
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S M J M Yatim
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Y Chong
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S H Tan
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Yang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S P Chan
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A M Richards
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C J Charles
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Chan
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J W Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Wang JW, Yatim SMJM, Lim XC, Chong SY, Wang X, Tan SH, Yang X, Chan SP, Richards AM, Charles CJ, Chan MY. P2582Signature of plasma extracellular vesicles associated proteins in acute myocardial infarction patients. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prediction of left ventricular (LV) remodeling post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains challenging. Several circulating biomarkers have been associated with post-AMI LV remodeling, however, there is no biomarker available to distinguish adverse versus reverse LV remodeling.
Purpose
In this study, we aimed to assess the association of extracellular vesicles (EVs) associated proteins with LV remodeling post-AMI.
Methods
Plasma EVs were isolated via precipitation with dextran sulphate as we previously reported. The protein levels of EV associated von Willebrand factor (VWF), SerpinC1 (antithrombin-III), plasminogen and SerpinF2 (alpha 2-antiplasmin) were determined in the citrate-anticoagulated plasma from 57 healthy subjects and 200 patients recruited in the Post-AMI Left Ventricular Remodeling Biomarker Analysis (PAMILA) study. Patients were categorized into two groups: adverse LV remodeling (n=100) characterized by an increase or reverse LV remodeling (n=100) characterized by a decrease, in LV end systolic volume by ≥15% over 6 months. Patients' plasma was collected at baseline (within 3 days after percutaneous coronary intervention), 1 month and 6 months post-AMI. Log transformation of EV protein levels was performed for assessment in a multiple multi-level longitudinal data analysis with structural equation model (with level of significance fixed at 0.05).
Results
Compared to healthy subjects, baseline protein levels of EV associated VWF and SerpinF2 were significantly higher in post-AMI patients, whereas no difference was observed in SerpinC1 and plasminogen. Among the patients, those on statins (196 out of 200 patients) showed lower protein levels of EV associated VWF (p<0.001) and plasminogen (p=0.003), whereas patients treated with P2Y12 platelet inhibitors (195 out of 200 patients) showed higher protein levels of EV associated VWF (p=0.003) and plasminogen (p=0.035). Multiple multi-level longitudinal data analysis with structural equation model showed that protein levels of EV associated VWF (p<0.001) and SerpinC1 (p=0.021) were lower in patients with adverse LV remodeling than that in patients with reverse LV remodeling during the 6-month follow-up post-AMI. In contrast, protein levels of EV associated plasminogen (p=0.002) and SerpinF2 (p=0.002) were higher in patients with adverse LV remodeling. The differences in the four EV associated proteins between patients with adverse versus reverse LV remodeling remain significant after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, medications, lipid profile and risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking).
Conclusions
Lower levels of EV associated coagulation proteins (VWF and SerpinC1) and higher levels of EV associated fibrinolytic proteins (plasminogen and SerpinF2) were presented in patients with adverse LV remodeling compared to those with reverse LV remodeling post-AMI.
Acknowledgement/Funding
National University Health System Singapore (NUHS O-CRG 2016 Oct-23) to JW Wang
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S M J M Yatim
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - X C Lim
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Y Chong
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S H Tan
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Yang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S P Chan
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A M Richards
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C J Charles
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Y Chan
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Teng B, Little MA, Hasell T, Chong SY, Jelfs KE, Clowes R, Briggs M, Cooper AI. Synthesis of a Large, Shape-Flexible, Solvatomorphic Porous Organic Cage. Cryst Growth Des 2019; 19:3647-3651. [PMID: 31303868 PMCID: PMC6614879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic cages have emerged over the last 10 years as a subclass of functional microporous materials. However, among all of the organic cages reported, large multicomponent organic cages with 20 components or more are still rare. Here, we present an [8 + 12] porous organic imine cage, CC20, which has an apparent surface area up to 1752 m2 g-1, depending on the crystallization and activation conditions. The cage is solvatomorphic and displays distinct geometrical cage structures, caused by crystal-packing effects, in its crystal structures. This indicates that larger cages can display a certain range of shape flexibility in the solid state, while remaining shape persistent and porous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Teng
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Michael
E. Briggs
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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18
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Chong SY, Wang TT, Cheng LC, Lv HY, Ji M. Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101-NH 2-Supported Acetate-Based Butylimidazolium Ionic Liquid as a Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3-Aryl-2-oxazolidinones. Langmuir 2019; 35:495-503. [PMID: 30580528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel heterogeneous catalyst, the ionic liquid (IL) of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BmimOAc) immobilized on MIL-101-NH2, denoted as IL(OAc-)-MIL-101-NH2, was prepared by the "ship-in-a-bottle" strategy. The IL of BmimOAc was prepared in the MIL-101-NH2 nanocages primordially, in which the condensation product of MIL-101-NH2's amine group with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) reacted with 1-bromo butane, and then the intermediate exchanged with potassium acetate. The structure and physicochemical properties of IL(OAc-)-MIL-101-NH2 were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, DRS UV-vis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and elemental analysis. The results indicated that BmimOAc was anchored in the MIL-101-NH2 skeleton via the acylamino group and confined in the nanocages in the form of a single molecule. The composite material of IL(OAc-)-MIL-101-NH2 exhibited excellent catalytic activity and catalytically synthesized 3-aryl-2-oxazolone in an excellent yield of 92%. It can be reused up to six times without noteworthy loss of its activity and demonstrated distinct size-selective property for substrates. It was conjectured that the diffusion kinetics of reactants could be controlled by the aperture size of the metal-organic framework support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chong
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - T T Wang
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - L C Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliation Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116027 , China
| | - H Y Lv
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliation Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116027 , China
| | - M Ji
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116023 , China
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19
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Chang WC, Lee HC, Chan SI, Chiu SY, Lee HM, Chan KW, Wong MC, Chan KL, Yeung WS, Choy LW, Chong SY, Siu MW, Lo TL, Yan WC, Ng MK, Poon LT, Pang PF, Lam WC, Wong YC, Chung WS, Mo YM, Lui SY, Hui LM, Chen EYH. Negative symptom dimensions differentially impact on functioning in individuals at-risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:310-315. [PMID: 29935882 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - H C Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S I Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K L Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W S Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L W Choy
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M W Siu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T L Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W C Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M K Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L T Poon
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - P F Pang
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W C Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W S Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y M Mo
- Department of Psychiatry, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - E Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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20
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McMahon DP, Stephenson A, Chong SY, Little MA, Jones JTA, Cooper AI, Day GM. Computational modelling of solvent effects in a prolific solvatomorphic porous organic cage. Faraday Discuss 2018; 211:383-399. [PMID: 30083695 PMCID: PMC6208051 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00031j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction methods can enable the in silico design of functional molecular crystals, but solvent effects can have a major influence on relative lattice energies, sometimes thwarting predictions. This is particularly true for porous solids, where solvent included in the pores can have an important energetic contribution. We present a Monte Carlo solvent insertion procedure for predicting the solvent filling of porous structures from crystal structure prediction landscapes, tested using a highly solvatomorphic porous organic cage molecule, CC1. Using this method, we can understand why the predicted global energy minimum structure for CC1 is never observed from solvent crystallisation. We also explain the formation of three different solvatomorphs of CC1 from three structurally-similar chlorinated solvents. Calculated solvent stabilisation energies are found to correlate with experimental results from thermogravimetric analysis, suggesting a future computational framework for a priori materials design that factors in solvation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. McMahon
- Computational Systems Chemistry
, School of Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - Andrew Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory
, University of Liverpool
,
Crown St.
, Liverpool L69 7ZD
, UK
.
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory
, University of Liverpool
,
Crown St.
, Liverpool L69 7ZD
, UK
.
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory
, University of Liverpool
,
Crown St.
, Liverpool L69 7ZD
, UK
.
| | - James T. A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory
, University of Liverpool
,
Crown St.
, Liverpool L69 7ZD
, UK
.
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory
, University of Liverpool
,
Crown St.
, Liverpool L69 7ZD
, UK
.
| | - Graeme M. Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry
, School of Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
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21
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Wang X, Chen L, Chong SY, Little MA, Wu Y, Zhu WH, Clowes R, Yan Y, Zwijnenburg MA, Sprick RS, Cooper AI. Sulfone-containing covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1180-1189. [PMID: 30275507 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nature uses organic molecules for light harvesting and photosynthesis, but most man-made water splitting catalysts are inorganic semiconductors. Organic photocatalysts, while attractive because of their synthetic tunability, tend to have low quantum efficiencies for water splitting. Here we present a crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) based on a benzo-bis(benzothiophene sulfone) moiety that shows a much higher activity for photochemical hydrogen evolution than its amorphous or semicrystalline counterparts. The COF is stable under long-term visible irradiation and shows steady photochemical hydrogen evolution with a sacrificial electron donor for at least 50 hours. We attribute the high quantum efficiency of fused-sulfone-COF to its crystallinity, its strong visible light absorption, and its wettable, hydrophilic 3.2 nm mesopores. These pores allow the framework to be dye-sensitized, leading to a further 61% enhancement in the hydrogen evolution rate up to 16.3 mmol g-1 h-1. The COF also retained its photocatalytic activity when cast as a thin film onto a support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marc A Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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22
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Jiang S, Du Y, Marcello M, Corcoran EW, Calabro DC, Chong SY, Chen L, Clowes R, Hasell T, Cooper AI. Core-Shell Crystals of Porous Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11228-11232. [PMID: 29888555 PMCID: PMC6120484 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of core-shell porous molecular crystals are described. The physical properties of the core-shell crystals, such as surface hydrophobicity, CO2 /CH4 selectivity, are controlled by the chemical composition of the shell. This shows that porous core-shell molecular crystals can exhibit synergistic properties that out-perform materials built from the individual, constituent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Yi Du
- Corporate Strategic ResearchExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company1545 U.S. Highway 22AnnandaleNJ08801USA
| | - Marco Marcello
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Edward W. Corcoran
- Corporate Strategic ResearchExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company1545 U.S. Highway 22AnnandaleNJ08801USA
| | - David C. Calabro
- Corporate Strategic ResearchExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company1545 U.S. Highway 22AnnandaleNJ08801USA
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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23
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Jiang S, Du Y, Marcello M, Corcoran EW, Calabro DC, Chong SY, Chen L, Clowes R, Hasell T, Cooper AI. Inside Cover: Core-Shell Crystals of Porous Organic Cages (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 35/2018). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Yi Du
- Corporate Strategic Research; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; 1545 U.S. Highway 22 Annandale NJ 08801 USA
| | - Marco Marcello
- Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Edward W. Corcoran
- Corporate Strategic Research; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; 1545 U.S. Highway 22 Annandale NJ 08801 USA
| | - David C. Calabro
- Corporate Strategic Research; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; 1545 U.S. Highway 22 Annandale NJ 08801 USA
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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24
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Jiang S, Du Y, Marcello M, Corcoran EW, Calabro DC, Chong SY, Chen L, Clowes R, Hasell T, Cooper AI. Innentitelbild: Core-Shell Crystals of Porous Organic Cages (Angew. Chem. 35/2018). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Yi Du
- Corporate Strategic Research; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; 1545 U.S. Highway 22 Annandale NJ 08801 USA
| | - Marco Marcello
- Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Edward W. Corcoran
- Corporate Strategic Research; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; 1545 U.S. Highway 22 Annandale NJ 08801 USA
| | - David C. Calabro
- Corporate Strategic Research; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; 1545 U.S. Highway 22 Annandale NJ 08801 USA
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| |
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25
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Wang JW, Chong SY, Wang X, Yatim SM, Fairhurst AM, Vernooij F, Chan MY, Timmers L, De Kleijn DPV. P2282Deficiency of Toll-like receptor 7 prevents cardiac rupture and reduces adverse ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J W Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Y Chong
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S M Yatim
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - A M Fairhurst
- A*STAR, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore
| | - F Vernooij
- National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Y Chan
- National University Heart Centre, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Timmers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D P V De Kleijn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Vascular Surgery, Utrecht, Netherlands
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26
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Jie K, Liu M, Zhou Y, Little MA, Pulido A, Chong SY, Stephenson A, Hughes AR, Sakakibara F, Ogoshi T, Blanc F, Day GM, Huang F, Cooper AI. Near-Ideal Xylene Selectivity in Adaptive Molecular Pillar[ n]arene Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6921-6930. [PMID: 29754488 PMCID: PMC5997404 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
energy-efficient separation of alkylaromatic compounds is a
major industrial sustainability challenge. The use of selectively
porous extended frameworks, such as zeolites or metal–organic
frameworks, is one solution to this problem. Here, we studied a flexible
molecular material, perethylated pillar[n]arene crystals
(n = 5, 6), which can be used to separate C8 alkylaromatic
compounds. Pillar[6]arene is shown to separate para-xylene from its structural isomers, meta-xylene
and ortho-xylene, with 90% specificity in the solid
state. Selectivity is an intrinsic property of the pillar[6]arene
host, with the flexible pillar[6]arene cavities adapting during adsorption
thus enabling preferential adsorption of para-xylene
in the solid state. The flexibility of pillar[6]arene as a solid sorbent
is rationalized using molecular conformer searches and crystal structure
prediction (CSP) combined with comprehensive characterization by X-ray
diffraction and 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The CSP
study, which takes into account the structural variability of pillar[6]arene,
breaks new ground in its own right and showcases the feasibility of
applying CSP methods to understand and ultimately to predict the behavior
of soft, adaptive molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , United Kingdom
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Marc A Little
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , United Kingdom
| | - Angeles Pulido
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Stephenson
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , United Kingdom
| | - Ashlea R Hughes
- Department of Chemistry and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| | - Fumiyasu Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi , Kanazawa , Ishikawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi , Kanazawa , Ishikawa 920-1192 , Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi , Kanazawa , Ishikawa 920-1192 , Japan.,JST , PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department of Chemistry and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| | - Graeme M Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , 51 Oxford Street , Liverpool L7 3NY , United Kingdom
| |
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27
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Parker DJ, Chong SY, Hasell T. Correction: Sustainable inverse-vulcanised sulfur polymers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30429. [PMID: 35546828 PMCID: PMC9085496 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra90071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘Sustainable inverse-vulcanised sulfur polymers’ by Douglas J. Parker et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 27892–27899.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| |
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28
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Tothadi S, Little MA, Hasell T, Briggs ME, Chong SY, Cooper AI. Design and synthesis of three-dimensional porous diamondoid frameworks by co-crystallization. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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29
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Jiang S, Song Q, Massey A, Chong SY, Chen L, Sun S, Hasell T, Raval R, Sivaniah E, Cheetham AK, Cooper AI. Oriented Two-Dimensional Porous Organic Cage Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9391-9395. [PMID: 28580700 PMCID: PMC5577517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The formation of two-dimensional (2D) oriented porous organic cage crystals (consisting of imine-based tetrahedral molecules) on various substrates (such as silicon wafers and glass) by solution-processing is reported. Insight into the crystallinity, preferred orientation, and cage crystal growth was obtained by experimental and computational techniques. For the first time, structural defects in porous molecular materials were observed directly and the defect concentration could be correlated with crystal growth rate. These oriented crystals suggest potential for future applications, such as solution-processable molecular crystalline 2D membranes for molecular separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of ChemistryMaterials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Qilei Song
- Barrer CentreDepartment of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Alan Massey
- Surface Science Research CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolL69 3BXLiverpoolUK
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of ChemistryMaterials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of ChemistryMaterials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Shijing Sun
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of ChemistryMaterials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Rasmita Raval
- Surface Science Research CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolL69 3BXLiverpoolUK
| | - Easan Sivaniah
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS)Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of ChemistryMaterials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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30
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Slater AG, Reiss PS, Pulido A, Little MA, Holden DL, Chen L, Chong SY, Alston BM, Clowes R, Haranczyk M, Briggs ME, Hasell T, Day GM, Cooper AI. Computationally-Guided Synthetic Control over Pore Size in Isostructural Porous Organic Cages. ACS Cent Sci 2017; 3:734-742. [PMID: 28776015 PMCID: PMC5532722 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of 3-D porous solids are defined by their molecular geometry. Hence, precise control of pore size, pore shape, and pore connectivity are needed to tailor them for specific applications. However, for porous molecular crystals, the modification of pore size by adding pore-blocking groups can also affect crystal packing in an unpredictable way. This precludes strategies adopted for isoreticular metal-organic frameworks, where addition of a small group, such as a methyl group, does not affect the basic framework topology. Here, we narrow the pore size of a cage molecule, CC3, in a systematic way by introducing methyl groups into the cage windows. Computational crystal structure prediction was used to anticipate the packing preferences of two homochiral methylated cages, CC14-R and CC15-R, and to assess the structure-energy landscape of a CC15-R/CC3-S cocrystal, designed such that both component cages could be directed to pack with a 3-D, interconnected pore structure. The experimental gas sorption properties of these three cage systems agree well with physical properties predicted by computational energy-structure-function maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Slater
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. Reiss
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Angeles Pulido
- School of
Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel L. Holden
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Ben M. Alston
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Haranczyk
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael E. Briggs
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme M. Day
- School of
Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry
and Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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31
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Jiang S, Song Q, Massey A, Chong SY, Chen L, Sun S, Hasell T, Raval R, Sivaniah E, Cheetham AK, Cooper AI. Oriented Two‐Dimensional Porous Organic Cage Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Qilei Song
- Barrer Centre Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Alan Massey
- Surface Science Research Centre Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool L69 3BX Liverpool UK
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Shijing Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Rasmita Raval
- Surface Science Research Centre Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool L69 3BX Liverpool UK
| | - Easan Sivaniah
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry Materials Innovation Factory University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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32
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Yuliarti O, Chong SY, Goh KKT. Physicochemical properties of pectin from green jelly leaf (Cyclea barbata Miers). Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:1146-1154. [PMID: 28577980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The water extract of Green Jelly leaves (GJL) obtained by crushing the leaves in water (1:40) was capable of forming a gel at room temperature. The composition of GJL consisted mainly of carbohydrate (∼70w/w), protein (∼13% w/w) and minerals (∼6% w/w). The mineral portion consisted of mainly calcium (∼1.2% w/w), zinc (∼0.12% w/w) and magnesium (∼0.11% w/w). The isolated polysaccharide fraction (∼42.6% w/w) consisted of mainly galacturonic acid (∼35.8% w/w) and neutral sugars (∼6.8% w/w), with a weight-average molecular weight of ∼4.4×105g/mol. The results obtained by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) showed that GJL polysaccharide fraction had a fairly similar FTIR fingerprint as the commercial low-methoxyl pectin (LMP). The degree of esterification of the polysaccharide changed drastically (from 97% to 10%) depending on the temperature used during the extraction process. The zeta potential of the extracted polysaccharide showed high negative charged as compared to the commercial LMP but close to sodium alginate. The study showed that the gelation was divalent cation-mediated and probably facilitated by the low degree of esterification which reduced steric hindrance from the methyl ester groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yuliarti
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic,500 Dover Road, Singapore.
| | - S Y Chong
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science & Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K K T Goh
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science & Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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33
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Pulido A, Slater AG, Chen L, Little MA, Chong SY, Holden D, Kaczorowski T, Slater BJ, McMahon DP, Cooper AI, Day GM. Computer-guided porous materials design: from rationalization to prediction. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731709715x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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34
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Hasell T, Little MA, Chong SY, Schmidtmann M, Briggs ME, Santolini V, Jelfs KE, Cooper AI. Chirality as a tool for function in porous organic cages. Nanoscale 2017; 9:6783-6790. [PMID: 28489105 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The control of solid state assembly for porous organic cages is more challenging than for extended frameworks, such as metal-organic frameworks. Chiral recognition is one approach to achieving this control. Here we investigate chiral analogues of cages that were previously studied as racemates. We show that chiral cages can be produced directly from chiral precursors or by separating racemic cages by co-crystallisation with a second chiral cage, opening up a route to producing chiral cages from achiral precursors. These chiral cages can be cocrystallized in a modular, 'isoreticular' fashion, thus modifying porosity, although some chiral pairings require a specific solvent to direct the crystal into the desired packing mode. Certain cages are shown to interconvert chirality in solution, and the steric factors governing this behavior are explored both by experiment and by computational modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hasell
- Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England, UK.
| | - M A Little
- Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England, UK.
| | - S Y Chong
- Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England, UK.
| | - M Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - M E Briggs
- Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England, UK.
| | - V Santolini
- Imperial Coll London, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England, UK
| | - K E Jelfs
- Imperial Coll London, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England, UK
| | - A I Cooper
- Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England, UK.
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35
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Pulido A, Chen L, Kaczorowski T, Holden D, Little MA, Chong SY, Slater BJ, McMahon DP, Bonillo B, Stackhouse CJ, Stephenson A, Kane CM, Clowes R, Hasell T, Cooper AI, Day GM. Functional materials discovery using energy-structure-function maps. Nature 2017; 543:657-664. [PMID: 28329756 PMCID: PMC5458805 DOI: 10.1038/nature21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular crystals cannot be designed in the same manner as macroscopic objects, because they do not assemble according to simple, intuitive rules. Their structures result from the balance of many weak interactions, rather than from the strong and predictable bonding patterns found in metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks. Hence, design strategies that assume a topology or other structural blueprint will often fail. Here we combine computational crystal structure prediction and property prediction to build energy-structure-function maps that describe the possible structures and properties that are available to a candidate molecule. Using these maps, we identify a highly porous solid, which has the lowest density reported for a molecular crystal so far. Both the structure of the crystal and its physical properties, such as methane storage capacity and guest-molecule selectivity, are predicted using the molecular structure as the only input. More generally, energy-structure-function maps could be used to guide the experimental discovery of materials with any target function that can be calculated from predicted crystal structures, such as electronic structure or mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Pulido
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marc A Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - David P McMahon
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Graeme M Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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36
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Jie K, Liu M, Zhou Y, Little MA, Bonakala S, Chong SY, Stephenson A, Chen L, Huang F, Cooper AI. Styrene Purification by Guest-Induced Restructuring of Pillar[6]arene. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2908-2911. [PMID: 28182420 PMCID: PMC5360353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The separation of
styrene (St) and ethylbenzene (EB) mixtures
is important in the chemical industry. Here,
we explore the St and EB adsorption selectivity
of two pillar-shaped macrocyclic pillar[n]arenes
(EtP5 and EtP6; n = 5 and
6). Both crystalline and amorphous EtP6 can capture St from a St-EB mixture with remarkably
high selectivity. We show that EtP6 can be used to separate St from a 50:50 v/v St:EB mixture,
yielding in a single adsorption cycle St with a purity
of >99%. Single-crystal structures, powder X-ray diffraction patterns,
and molecular simulations all suggest that this selectivity is due
to a guest-induced structural change in EtP6 rather than
a simple cavity/pore size effect. This restructuring means that the
material “self-heals” upon each recrystallization, and St separation can be carried out over multiple cycles with
no loss of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Marc A Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Satyanarayana Bonakala
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Andrew Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
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37
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Tothadi S, Little MA, Hasell T, Briggs ME, Chong SY, Liu M, Cooper AI. Modular assembly of porous organic cage crystals: isoreticular quasiracemates and ternary co-crystal. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00783c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Co-crystallisation of helically chiral porous organic cage molecules has enabled the formation of isoreticular quasiracemates and a rare porous organic ternary co-crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Tothadi
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Physical/Materials Chemistry Division
| | - Marc A. Little
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Michael E. Briggs
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Ming Liu
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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38
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Lee MH, Jang JH, Min HJ, Jang HI, Nah JH, Lyu CJ, Han KS, Won JH, Lee YH, Chong SY, Mun YC, Lee WS, Kim SJ, Kim I. Predictors of general discomfort, limitations in activities of daily living and intention of a second donation in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:258-263. [PMID: 27819689 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We performed a retrospective study of 1868 consecutive unrelated donors to predict the risk factors related to general discomfort, limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) and intention of a second donation in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donation. General discomfort and limitations in ADLs were assessed by numerical measurement (scores of 0-10) and donor's intention of a second donation by yes or no reply. The post-donation questionnaires were completed within 48 h after HSC collection and at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 4 months thereafter. Predictors of general discomfort included female sex (P<0.0001), bone marrow (BM) collection (P<0.0001) or PBSC collection through a central line (CL; P=0.0349), 2-day collection (P=0.0150) and negative or undetermined intention of a second donation on day 1 (P<0.0001). Predictors of limitations in ADLs included age group of 30-39 years (P=0.0046), female sex (P<0.0001), BM collection (P<0.0001) or PBSC collection through a CL (P<0.0001) and negative or undetermined intention of a second donation on day 1 (P<0.0001). The only predictor of positive intention of a second donation was male sex (P=0.0007). Age, sex and collection method and period should be considered risk factors when unrelated HSC donation is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Jang
- Korea Marrow Donor Program, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H J Min
- Clinical Research Institute, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H I Jang
- Korea Marrow Donor Program, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Nah
- Korea Marrow Donor Program, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C J Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K-S Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Won
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-H Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Y Chong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang Cha Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Y C Mun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - W S Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - I Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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39
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Reiss PS, Little MA, Santolini V, Chong SY, Hasell T, Jelfs KE, Briggs ME, Cooper AI. Periphery-Functionalized Porous Organic Cages. Chemistry 2016; 22:16547-16553. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Reiss
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence; Department of Chemistry; University of York, Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Valentina Santolini
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London, South Kensington; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London, South Kensington; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Michael E. Briggs
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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40
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Liu M, Chen L, Lewis S, Chong SY, Little MA, Hasell T, Aldous IM, Brown CM, Smith MW, Morrison CA, Hardwick LJ, Cooper AI. Three-dimensional protonic conductivity in porous organic cage solids. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12750. [PMID: 27619230 PMCID: PMC5027280 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton conduction is a fundamental process in biology and in devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To maximize proton conduction, three-dimensional conduction pathways are preferred over one-dimensional pathways, which prevent conduction in two dimensions. Many crystalline porous solids to date show one-dimensional proton conduction. Here we report porous molecular cages with proton conductivities (up to 10(-3) S cm(-1) at high relative humidity) that compete with extended metal-organic frameworks. The structure of the organic cage imposes a conduction pathway that is necessarily three-dimensional. The cage molecules also promote proton transfer by confining the water molecules while being sufficiently flexible to allow hydrogen bond reorganization. The proton conduction is explained at the molecular level through a combination of proton conductivity measurements, crystallography, molecular simulations and quasi-elastic neutron scattering. These results provide a starting point for high-temperature, anhydrous proton conductors through inclusion of guests other than water in the cage pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Scott Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Iain M. Aldous
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Craig M. Brown
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Martin W. Smith
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Laurence J. Hardwick
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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41
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Holden D, Chong SY, Chen L, Jelfs KE, Hasell T, Cooper AI. Understanding static, dynamic and cooperative porosity in molecular materials. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4875-4879. [PMID: 30155135 PMCID: PMC6016734 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The practical adsorption properties of molecular porous solids can be dominated by dynamic flexibility but these effects are still poorly understood. Here, we combine molecular simulations and experiments to rationalize the adsorption behavior of a flexible porous organic cage.
The practical adsorption properties of molecular porous solids can be dominated by dynamic flexibility but these effects are still poorly understood. Here, we combine molecular simulations and experiments to rationalize the adsorption behavior of a flexible porous organic cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Holden
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
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42
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Abstract
Two porous organic cages with different thermodynamic polymorphs were induced by co-solvents to interchange their crystal packing modes, thus achieving guest-mediated control over solid-state porosity. In situ crystallography allows the effect of the co-solvent guests on these structural interconversions to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Little
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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43
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Little MA, Briggs ME, Jones JTA, Schmidtmann M, Hasell T, Chong SY, Jelfs KE, Chen L, Cooper AI. Trapping virtual pores by crystal retro-engineering. Nat Chem 2015; 7:153-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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44
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Ng SY, Chong SY. What Do Mothers know about Neonatal Jaundice? Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2014; 69:252-256. [PMID: 25934954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ng
- Institut Pediatrik, Paediatrics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan 50586 Malaysia.
| | - S Y Chong
- Hospital Selayang, Lebuhraya Selayang-Kepong, Selayang, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
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45
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Chen L, Reiss PS, Chong SY, Holden D, Jelfs KE, Hasell T, Little MA, Kewley A, Briggs ME, Stephenson A, Thomas KM, Armstrong JA, Bell J, Busto J, Noel R, Liu J, Strachan DM, Thallapally PK, Cooper AI. Separation of rare gases and chiral molecules by selective binding in porous organic cages. Nat Mater 2014; 13:954-960. [PMID: 25038731 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The separation of molecules with similar size and shape is an important technological challenge. For example, rare gases can pose either an economic opportunity or an environmental hazard and there is a need to separate these spherical molecules selectively at low concentrations in air. Likewise, chiral molecules are important building blocks for pharmaceuticals, but chiral enantiomers, by definition, have identical size and shape, and their separation can be challenging. Here we show that a porous organic cage molecule has unprecedented performance in the solid state for the separation of rare gases, such as krypton and xenon. The selectivity arises from a precise size match between the rare gas and the organic cage cavity, as predicted by molecular simulations. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate real practical potential for the separation of krypton, xenon and radon from air at concentrations of only a few parts per million. We also demonstrate selective binding of chiral organic molecules such as 1-phenylethanol, suggesting applications in enantioselective separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul S Reiss
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Samantha Y Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Marc A Little
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Adam Kewley
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Michael E Briggs
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Andrew Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - K Mark Thomas
- Wolfson Northern Carbon Reduction Laboratories, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jayne A Armstrong
- Wolfson Northern Carbon Reduction Laboratories, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jon Bell
- Wolfson Northern Carbon Reduction Laboratories, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jose Busto
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 163 avenue de Luminy, case 902, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Raymond Noel
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 163 avenue de Luminy, case 902, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jian Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Denis M Strachan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | | | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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Algara-Siller G, Severin N, Chong SY, Björkman T, Palgrave RG, Laybourn A, Antonietti M, Khimyak YZ, Krasheninnikov AV, Rabe JP, Kaiser U, Cooper AI, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Frontispiece: Triazine-Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride: a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201482971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Algara-Siller G, Severin N, Chong SY, Björkman T, Palgrave RG, Laybourn A, Antonietti M, Khimyak YZ, Krasheninnikov AV, Rabe JP, Kaiser U, Cooper AI, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Frontispiz: Triazine-Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride: a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201482971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Woodward RT, Stevens LA, Dawson R, Vijayaraghavan M, Hasell T, Silverwood IP, Ewing AV, Ratvijitvech T, Exley JD, Chong SY, Blanc F, Adams DJ, Kazarian SG, Snape CE, Drage TC, Cooper AI. Swellable, Water- and Acid-Tolerant Polymer Sponges for Chemoselective Carbon Dioxide Capture. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9028-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5031968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee A. Stevens
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ian P. Silverwood
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Ewing
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jason D. Exley
- Micromeritics
Instrument Corporation, 4356 Communications Drive, Norcross, Georgia 30093, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin E. Snape
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor C. Drage
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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49
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Algara-Siller G, Severin N, Chong SY, Björkman T, Palgrave RG, Laybourn A, Antonietti M, Khimyak YZ, Krasheninnikov AV, Rabe JP, Kaiser U, Cooper AI, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Triazine-Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride: a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7450-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Algara-Siller G, Severin N, Chong SY, Björkman T, Palgrave RG, Laybourn A, Antonietti M, Khimyak YZ, Krasheninnikov AV, Rabe JP, Kaiser U, Cooper AI, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Triazine-Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride: a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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