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Bu XL, Zhao WS, Li WX, Zou H, Wu SG, Li M, Wang GT. Mitochondrial metabolism of the facultative parasite Chilodonella uncinata (Alveolata, Ciliophora). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:92. [PMID: 36882771 PMCID: PMC9993649 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chilodonella uncinata is an aerobic ciliate capable of switching between being free-living and parasitic on fish fins and gills, causing tissue damage and host mortality. It is widely used as a model organism for genetic studies, but its mitochondrial metabolism has never been studied. Therefore, we aimed to describe the morphological features and metabolic characteristics of its mitochondria. METHODS Fluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the morphology of mitochondria. Single-cell transcriptome data of C. uncinata were annotated by the Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) database. Meanwhile, the metabolic pathways were constructed based on the transcriptomes. The phylogenetic analysis was also made based on the sequenced cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. RESULTS Mitochondria were stained red using Mito-tracker Red staining and were stained slightly blue by DAPI dye. The cristae and double membrane structures of the mitochondria were observed by TEM. Besides, many lipid droplets were evenly distributed around the macronucleus. A total of 2594 unigenes were assigned to 23 functional classifications of COG. Mitochondrial metabolic pathways were depicted. The mitochondria contained enzymes for the complete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and cytochrome-based electron transport chain (ETC), but only partial enzymes involved in the iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that C. uncinata possess typical mitochondria. Stored lipid droplets inside mitochondria may be the energy storage of C. uncinata that helps its transmission from a free-living to a parasitic lifestyle. These findings also have improved our knowledge of the mitochondrial metabolism of C. uncinata and increased the volume of molecular data for future studies of this facultative parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Lian Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, The People's Republic of China.,Protist 10,000 Genomics Project (P10K) Consortium, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Shan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China.,Protist 10,000 Genomics Project (P10K) Consortium, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Gong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China. .,Protist 10,000 Genomics Project (P10K) Consortium, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, The People's Republic of China
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Fu Y, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Zhou JM, Qi GH, Wang J. Dietary supplementation with sodium bicarbonate or sodium sulfate affects eggshell quality by altering ultrastructure and components in laying hens. Animal 2021; 15:100163. [PMID: 33485831 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary sodium (Na) levels were related to the content of the eggshell matrix. We therefore speculated that dietary Na supplementation as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) may improve eggshell quality. Additionally, dietary NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 supplementation may further affect eggshell quality in different ways due to differences in anions. This study investigated and compared the effects of dietary Na supplementation in either NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 form on laying performance, eggshell quality, ultrastructure and components in laying hens. A total of 576 29-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to 8 dietary treatments that were fed a Na-deficient basal diet (0.07% Na, 0.15% Cl) supplemented with Na2SO4 or NaHCO3 at 0.08, 0.18, 0.23 or 0.33% Na for 12 weeks. No differences were observed in laying production performance with dietary Na supplementation. Dietary Na supplementation resulted in quadratic increases of eggshell breaking strength in both Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 added groups (P < 0.05), and Na2SO4-fed groups had a quadratic increase in the eggshell ratio at week 12 (P < 0.05). Compared with supplementing 0.08% Na, dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na increased the effective thickness (P < 0.05) in both Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 added groups, but decreased the thickness and knob width of the mammillary layer (P < 0.05). A linear increase on the calcium content of the shell was only observed with Na supplementation from NaHCO3 (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in Na contents of the shell with dietary Na supplemented by both sources. Dietary Na addition had a quadratic increase on uronic acid contents of shell membrane in NaHCO3-fed groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents of shell membranes increased linearly with dietary Na supplementation (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na from Na2SO4 increased the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared with NaHCO3-fed groups, Na2SO4-fed groups had higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness, eggshell weight ratio, effective thickness and the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell at week 12. Overall, dietary supplementation of NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 could increase eggshell breaking strength, which may be related to increased sulfated GAG contents in eggshell membranes and improved ultrastructure. Higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness and eggshell ratio could be obtained when the diet was supplemented with 0.23% Na from Na2SO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S G Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J M Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - G H Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Li M, Hu G, Li C, Zhao WS, Zou H, Li WX, Wu SG, Wang GT, Ponce-Gordo F. Morphological and molecular characterization of a new ciliate Nyctotheroides grimi n. sp. (Armophorea, Clevelandellida) from Chinese frogs. Acta Trop 2020; 208:105531. [PMID: 32428457 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new species of clevelandellid ciliate, Nyctotheroides grimi n. sp., is described from the frog Fejervarya limnocharis. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for the morphological studies, and the DNA encoding the SSU rRNA gene (SSU rDNA) and the ITS1-5.8S subunit rRNA-ITS2 region (ITS) were sequenced for genetic comparisons and phylogenetic analysis. The main distinctive morphological feature is a knob-like projection in the left-posterior end; other differential characters are the cell size, the length of the oral groove and the shape of the infundibulum. Nyctotheroides grimi possess an apical suture line in the left and right side of the anterior end and in the left side of the caudal end. In the phylogenetic analyses, the new species engroups with other Nyctotheroides species forming a monophyletic group. The high similarity in the SSU rDNA and ITS sequences between Nyctotheroides species suggests a relative recent divergence. The genetic data and the different host range support the separation of Nyctotheroides and Nyctotherus; however the morphological criterion based on the presence (in Nyctotheroides)/absence (in Nyctothterus) of an apical kinetal suture line should be modified to consider the presence of kinetal suture lines in the apical and/or the caudal left side in Nyctotheroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guangran Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Shan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shan-Gong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Li HN, Shan CG, Fan CZ, Cheng LN, Wu SG, Liu MT, Jiang GY, Li Z. [Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3K27M mutation: an analysis of 30 cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2019; 48:192-198. [PMID: 30831644 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of diffuse midline glioma (DMG) with H3K27M mutation. Methods: Thirty cases of DMG were collected in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from October 2016 to May 2018. The patients' clinicopathological data including age, tumor site and histological grade, treatment and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Results: There were 21 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 26 years (range 5-53 years). Fourteen tumors were located in thalamus, 12 in brainstem (one involved both thalamus and brainstem), and one each in hypothalamus, fourth ventricle, and sellar region, respectively. Two cases presented as diffuse intracranial lesions. Three cases (10.0%) were of WHO grade Ⅰ, 10 cases (33.3%) were grade Ⅱ, eight cases (26.7%) were grade Ⅲ, and nine cases (30.0%) were grade Ⅳ.All patients with gradeⅠ tumors were older than 20 years. Histologically, all were pilocytic astrocytoma-like. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that all tumors were IDH1 negative. Twenty-eight tumors showed diffuse expression of H3K27M, and two showed focal expression. Twenty-one tumors(100.0%, 21/21) showed absent expression of H3K27me3. Sixteen tumors (57.1%, 16/28) showed strongly positive expression of p53, and ATRX was negative in eight tumors (38.1%, 8/21). The Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 5% to 40%. Eight cases (including two cases of H3K27M expression of individual cells) showed K27M mutation in H3F3A gene. Intracranial and spinal cord dissemination occurred in six cases (20.0%, 6/30). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.5 months and median overall survival (OS) was 34 months. Mean PFS was 11.2 months and mean OS was 24.3 months. Compared with adults (>20 years old), children/adolescents (no more than 20 years old) had significantly shorter median OS (8 months vs. 34 months, P=0.013). There was no significant difference in PFS and OS between DMGs located in the brain stem/thalamus and other sites within midline (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in PFS and OS between WHO grade ⅠDMGs and WHO grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ DMGs (P>0.05). Conclusions: DMGs occur more commonly in children and adolescents with male predominance. DMGs present with WHO Ⅰ-Ⅳ tumors morphologically, and pilocytic astrocytoma-like lesions with WHO Ⅰ are more common in adults. Expression of H3K27M but not H3K27me3 is helpful for diagnosis of DMG. The prognosis of children/adolescents is significantly worse than that of adults, whereas histological grade and tumor location do not affect prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - C G Shan
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - C Z Fan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - L N Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - S G Wu
- Department of Pathology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - M T Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital), Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - G Y Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital), Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Li M, Wang R, Bastos Gomes G, Zou H, Li WX, Wu SG, Wang GT, Ponce-Gordo F. Epidemiology and identification of two species of Chilodonella affecting farmed fishes in China. Vet Parasitol 2018; 264:8-17. [PMID: 30503097 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The genus Chilodonella includes free-living ciliated protozoa as well as pathogenic species for freshwater fish, with Chilodonella hexasticha and Chilodonella piscicola being the most important ones. These parasites cause outbreaks with high mortalities among farmed freshwater fishes with great economic losses. There are few reports of these species in China, and their identification has been based mostly on their morphological characteristics. In the present work, the parasites causing five outbreaks occurring in China between 2014 and 2017 have been identified by morphological and genetic analysis. We provide the first records of Ctenopharingodon idella and Siniperca chuatsi as hosts of C. hexasticha, and of Procypris rabaudi and Schizothorax wangchiachii as hosts of C. piscicola. There are no differences in the gross pathological findings produced by C. hexasticha and C. piscicola, consisting in desquamation and necrosis of epithelial cells in the skin and gills and in severe fusion of gill lamellae. However, both species differ in their geographic distribution: C. piscicola was found in farms located at altitudes over 1500 m above sea level and with a water temperature ≤18 °C, while C. hexasticha was found in farms located at altitudes under 50 m above sea level and with a water temperature ≥21 °C. Present results confirm that C. hexasticha and C. piscicola are two different species that can be differenced by their morphology; however, their biological variability may lead to erroneous identifications and the diagnosis should be preferably based in genetic analysis including nuclear LSU rDNA and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Runqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Giana Bastos Gomes
- Tropical Research Institute, James Cook University Singapore, Singapore 387380, Singapore
| | - Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shan-Gong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Xiong F, Wu SG, Zhang J, Jakovlić I, Li WX, Zou H, Li M, Wang GT. Dietary Bile Salt Types Influence the Composition of Biliary Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota in Grass Carp. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2209. [PMID: 30279683 PMCID: PMC6154720 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism can influence host’s health. There is increasing evidence for interplay between two key regulating factors in lipid metabolism: bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota. However, very little is known about how types of different diet-supplemented bile salts (BS) influence this interaction in vivo. We sought to explore these relationships using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), which often suffers functional disorder of liver and gallbladder. We studied fluctuations of BAs in the gall and changes of microbial communities in the gut in response to seven different diets: five different BS, chelating BS agent, and control. The BS comprised two primary BS [sodium taurochololate (TCAS) and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDCAS)], sodium tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCAS), and two secondary BS [sodium taurodeoxycholate (TDCAS) and sodium taurolithocholate (TLCAS)]. Supplementation of primary BS caused a more significant fluctuation of biliary BAs than secondary BS, and TCAS caused a more prominent increase than TCDCAS and TUDCAS. For the gut microbiota, primary BS tended to increase their diversity and induce community succession, secondary BS resulted in a higher firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio, while TUDCAS had no significant effects. Changes of the gut microbiota triggered by different types of BS caused alteration in BAs biotransformation. Two-obesity-associated families, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were positively correlated with biliary cholic acid (CA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA). As both primary and secondary BS resulted in increased synthesis of toxic secondary Bas by the gut microbiota, future studies should pay closer attention to gut microbiota when considering BA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Gong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Long C, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Qi GH. Effects of dietary rapeseed meal supplementation on cecal microbiota in laying hens with different flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 genotypes. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1748-1758. [PMID: 28339985 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of dietary rapeseed meal (RM) supplementation on cecal trimethylamine and bacteria in laying hens with different flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) genotypes, a 3 × 2 2-factorial arrangement was employed using FMO3 genotypes (AA, AT, and TT) and dietary RM (0 and 14% of diet) as the main effects. At 50 wk of age, 36 hens of AT genotype and 36 hens of TT genotype were randomly allotted to one of the 2 dietary treatments, and each dietary treatment consisted of 3 replicates with 6 birds each. A total of 12 hens with AA genotype were allotted to one of the 2 dietary treatments that consisted of 3 replicates with 2 hens. Hens were fed 0% RM in a corn-soybean (SM) diet for one wk before the 6-week feeding trial period. Dietary RM supplementation increased trimethylamine (TMA) concentrations in both egg yolks (P < 0.0001) and cecal chyme (P < 0.0001). Dietary RM supplementation increased bacterial abundance and diversity (P < 0.0001). Weighted UniFrac, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling, and analysis of similarity (R-ANOSIM = 0.1516; P-value = 0.014) indicated distinct clustering was dependent on diets rather than FMO3 genotypes. Twenty-four phyla (most dominant, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) and 229 genera were identified in the cecal samples. Compared with the SM diets, RM diets increased the proportion of Firmicutes (P = 0.004), Proteobacteria (P = 0.006), and Firmicutes:Bacteroides (P = 0.001), and some low-abundance phyla (P < 0.01), whereas the abundance of Bacteroides was lower (P = 0.0002). The abundance of 42 genera varied with dietary types. Six phyla and 35 genera were positively correlated with TMA concentration in the cecal chyme. In conclusion, the major TMA-producing bacteria in cecal were from Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla. The major TMA-producing bacterial genera could be from the genera that positively correlated with TMA concentration.
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Tran NT, Zhang J, Xiong F, Wang GT, Li WX, Wu SG. Altered gut microbiota associated with intestinal disease in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:71. [PMID: 29777414 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial importance in their host. Disturbance of the microbial structure and function is known to be associated with inflammatory intestinal disorders. Enteritis is a significant cause of high mortality in fish species, including grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Study regarding the association between microbial alternations and enteritis in grass carp is still absent. In this study, changes in the gut microbiota of grass carp suffering from enteritis were investigated using NGS-based 16S rRNA sequencing. Six healthy and ten abnormal fish (showing reddening anus, red odiferous fluid accumulating in the abdominal capacity, and flatulence and haemorrhage in the intestine) were collected from a fish farm in Huanggang Fisheries Institute (Hubei, China). Our results revealed that the diversity, structure, and function of gut microbiota were significantly different between diseased and healthy fish (P < 0.05). Particularly, members of the genera Dechloromonas, Methylocaldum, Planctomyces, Rhodobacter, Caulobacter, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas were significantly increased in diseased fish compared with that in healthy fish (P < 0.05). Predicted function indicated that microbiota significantly changed the specific metabolic pathways (related to amino acid metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism) in diseased fish (P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings point out the association between changes of the gut microbiota and enteritis in grass carp, which provide basic information useful for diagnoses, prevention, and treatment of intestinal diseases occurring in cultured fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, 515063, Shantou, China.,Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, 515063, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Gong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Zhang YN, Zhang HJ, Wang J, Yue HY, Qi XL, Wu SG, Qi GH. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic zinc on carbonic anhydrase activity in eggshell formation and quality of aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2176-2183. [PMID: 28204703 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different dietary levels and sources of zinc (Zn) on performance and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in eggshell formation and quality in aged laying hens. A total of 504 Hy-line Grey layers aged 59 wk were fed a basal diet (Zn, 28.4 mg/kg) for 4 wks, then randomly allocated to 7 groups that were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with inorganic (ZnSO4·H2O) or organic (amino acid metals, 9.58%) Zn at 35, 70, or 140 mg Zn per kg of feed for 6 weeks. Each group had 6 replicates of 12 hens. Results showed that egg weight decreased linearly with the supplemental level of organic Zn (P < 0.05). Dietary Zn supplementation had linear and quadratic effects on the CA activity in plasma (P < 0.05), and it was higher in the organic Zn-added groups at wks 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Dietary Zn supplementation had a quadratic effect on the CA activity in the eggshell gland (P < 0.05). Shell thickness was greater in the organic Zn-added groups (P < 0.05), and its relationship with the supplemental level of Zn showed linearly and quadratically, increasing with the organic Zn and with the inorganic Zn at wk 4, while linearly increasing with the inorganic Zn at wk 6 (P < 0.05). At wk 4, the supplemental level of inorganic Zn had a linear effect on shell weight, and linear and quadratic effects on shell index and ratio (P < 0.05), while shell weight, the index, and ratio increased linearly and quadratically with the organic Zn level in the diet (P < 0.05), with more obvious effects in the organic Zn-added groups (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary Zn supplementation, up to 140 mg/kg feed, could increase eggshell thickness by enhancing CA activity in the plasma and eggshell gland of aged layers; thicker eggshells were found in the organic Zn-added groups, but the breaking strength did not increase despite the eggshell thickness increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H Y Yue
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - X L Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S G Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - G H Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Wang H, Zhang HJ, Wang XC, Wu SG, Wang J, Xu L, Qi GH. Dietary choline and phospholipid supplementation enhanced docosahexaenoic acid enrichment in egg yolk of laying hens fed a 2% Schizochytrium powder-added diet. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2786-2794. [PMID: 28431151 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary phospholipid supplementation on laying hen performance, egg quality, and the fatty acid profile of egg yolks from hens fed a 2% Schizochytrium powder diet. Three-hundred-sixty 28-wk-old Hy-line W-36 laying hens were randomly allocated to one of the 5 dietary treatments, each treatment with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. All diets included 2% Schizochytrium powder (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], 137.09 mg/g). The control group was not supplemented with any additional phospholipids, whereas the other 4 experimental diets were supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg choline (CHO), 1,000 mg/kg monoethanolamine (MEA), 1,000 mg/kg lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), or 500 mg/kg LPC + 500 mg/kg MEA (LPC + MEA). The experimental diets were isocaloric (metabolizable energy, 11.15 MJ/kg) and isonitrogenous (crude protein, 16.60%). The feeding trial lasted 28 days. Laying hen performance and egg quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by the diets used. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) level was reduced in the LPC group at d 28 (P < 0.01), whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level was increased (P < 0.05). The omega-6 (n-6) PUFA level of the egg yolks in the LPC group had a trend to increase in comparison to the control (P = 0.07). The CHO and LPC groups had higher omega-3 (n-3) PUFA and DHA levels and lower n-6/n-3 ratios than the other groups at d 28 (P < 0.01). The DHA content in egg yolk reached a plateau after the laying hens consumed the experimental diets for 14 days, and higher yolk DHA contents were observed in the CHO and LPC groups as compared with the other groups at d 14. It was concluded that dietary choline supplementation for more than 14 d enhanced egg yolk enrichment with n-3 PUFA and DHA when laying hen diets were supplemented with 2% Schizochytrium powder. All the diets had no adverse effect on hen performance, egg quality, or egg components under the experimental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - X C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S G Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - L Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - G H Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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11
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Samuel KG, Wang J, Yue HY, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Duan ZY, Qi GH. Effects of dietary gallic acid supplementation on performance, antioxidant status, and jejunum intestinal morphology in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2768-2775. [PMID: 28521034 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), widely distributed in plants and feeds, is known to have a diverse range of activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of inclusion of dietary GA at levels 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 150 mg/kg on growth performance, antioxidant status, and jejunum intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. In total, 630 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) male broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 6 treatment groups for a period of 6 weeks. The results indicate that dietary addition of GA at 75 to 100 mg/kg improved feed conversion efficiency in both the grower (d 21 to 42, P = 0.045) and overall (d 1 to 42, P = 0.026) periods. Dietary addition of GA at a concentration ≥100 mg/kg was able to exhibit higher breast muscle ratio at 42 d (P = 0.043). Interestingly, dietary GA inclusion level from 50 to 100 mg/kg reduced the crypt depth (P = 0.009) and increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio (VCR) of the birds (P = 0.006). Dietary supplementation of GA at 100 mg/kg decreased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 42 d of age (P = 0.030). Moreover, dietary addition of GA linearly increased plasma total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.039) and plasma total superoxide dismutase activities (P = 0.049) at 21 d of age. However, analysis of plasma biochemical markers revealed that dietary supplementation of GA did not exhibit beneficial health effects. Overall, we conclude that 75 to 100 mg/kg of GA are suitable for enhanced growth performance and health benefits in a broiler diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Samuel
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H Y Yue
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S G Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Z Y Duan
- Kemin Industries (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519040, China
| | - G H Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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12
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Li ST, Huang XL, Wu SG, Ma YM, Shi CC, Xiao X, Hao H. [Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based urinary metabolomics in very low birth weight premature infants]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 55:434-438. [PMID: 28592011 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the urinary metabolic spectrum and pathways in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants. Method: A prospective case-control study was conducted to collect and compare the data of VLBW premature infants and full term infants from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University in 2014. Within 24 hours after birth, urine specimens in each group were collected. Metabolites of urine samples including amino acid, fatty acid and organic acid were detected using the urease pre-processing and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology. Using the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the biomarkers and differences between the two groups were found. The online metabolic pathway website was explored and multivariable analysis was conducted to investigate the valuable pathways and biomarkers related to the prematurity. Result: A total of 20 VLBW premature infants were enrolled, among whom 11 were male, 9 were female; and 20 full term infants were enrolled, among whom 9 were male, 11 were female. The urinary metabolites were established and compared between the VLBW premature and term infants. The investigation showed that the following nine pathways were enriched: amino-acyl-tRNA biosynthesis(P=0.000), lysine degradation(P=0.007), fatty acid biosynthesis(P=0.008), pyrimidine metabolism(P=0.014), pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis(P=0.022), valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis(P=0.022), lysine biosynthesis(P=0.031), glycerolipid metabolism(P=0.046), and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation(P=0.031). Almost all the metabolites decreased except for the glyceric acid exhibiting a higher content in the VLBW premature infant. 12 potential biomarkers were explored with the most significant covariance and correlation, within which stearic acid, palmiticacid, myristic acid, β-amino-isobutyric acid, and uric acid were lower, while myo-inositol, mannitol, glycine, glucose1, glucose2, glyceric acid and N-acetyl-tyrosine were higher in the VLBW premature group compared with the control group. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the VLBW premature infants and full-term infants in the metabolic state and pathways. The urease pre-processing and GC-MS technology followed by the OPLS-DA and multivariable analysis to investigate VLBW premature infants' urinary metabolites is a valuable method to evaluate the patients' metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
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13
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Long L, Wu SG, Yuan F, Zhang HJ, Wang J, Qi GH. Effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum hormone levels, and expression of genes related to the reproductive axis in laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:894-903. [PMID: 27665009 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum hormone levels, and gene expression related to reproductive axis in laying hens to confirm the reproduction-promoting function of octacosanol. In total, 360 Hy-Line Brown (67-wk-old) laying hens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments with 0, 5, and 10 mg octacosanol (extracted from rice bran, purity >92%)/kg feed. The feeding trial lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed that the dietary addition of 5 and 10 mg/kg octacosanol improved feed efficiency by 4.9% and 3.4% (P < 0.01), increased the albumen height by 20.5% and 13.3% (P < 0.01), the Haugh unit score by 12.9% and 8.7% (P < 0.01), and the eggshell strength by 39.5% and 24.5% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with the control diet. Dietary octacosanol addition significantly affected serum triiodothyronine, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone levels (P < 0.05), and progesterone and luteinizing hormone level (P < 0.01). Compared with the control, dietary addition of octacosanol at 5 mg/kg promoted the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) mRNA expression in different-sized follicles, and significantly increased the FSHR mRNA expression of granulosa cells from the F2 and F3 follicles (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with both 5 and 10 mg/kg octacosanol promoted the mRNA expression of luteinizing hormone receptor and prolactin receptor in different-sized follicles, and significantly up-regulated the expression levels in F1 granulosa cells (P < 0.05). The ovarian weight was significantly increased with the dietary addition of 5 mg/kg octacosanol (P < 0.05). The numbers of small yellow follicles and large white follicles were increased with the addition of dietary 5 and 10 mg/kg octacosanol (P < 0.01). This study provides evidence that octacosanol has the capacity to improve reproductive performance, indicating that it is a potentially effective feed additive in egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Long
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Tianjin Naer Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
| | - S G Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - F Yuan
- Tianjin Naer Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - G H Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Song Y, Wu SG, Dong SN, Luo F, Liu KP. Benign mixed tumor of the vagina. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2017; 38:465-468. [PMID: 29693894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixed tumor of the vagina is a rare benign tumor containing both epithelial and mesenchymal components. The authors report the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with a painless mass that had descended from the vagina in the last six months. Physical examination showed the presence of a solitary, non-tender nodule that was 3x3x2 cm in size and seemed to originate from the posterior wall of the lower vagina. The tumor was removed and pathologically examined. The findings were indicative of a mixed tumor of the vagina, and were in agreement with previous cases. No recurrence or progression occurred during the ten-month follow-up. As this tumor shares common features with some other tumors, its differential diagnosis is very important. Moreover, due to the rarity of this disease, gynecologists and pathologists need to familiarize themselves with the features in order to avoid a misdiagnosis.
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15
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Zou H, Zhang D, Li W, Zhou S, Wu S, Wang G. The complete mitochondrial genome of Gyrodactylus gurleyi (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:383-385. [PMID: 33490396 PMCID: PMC7800322 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1172042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyrodactylus gurleyi, was inhabited on the fins and gills of goldfish (Carassius auratus), which belonged to the family Gyrodactylidae. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of G. gurleyi with the total length of 14 771 bp. The mitogenome contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and two major non-coding regions (NC1 and NC2). The overall AT content was 72.1%. In phylogenetic analysis, G. gurleyi and G. kobayashii clustered together and then united with the clade of other three Gyrodactylus species (G. salaris, G. thymalli and G. derjavinoides) with high nodal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - WenXiang Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - ShanGong Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - GuiTang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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16
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Long L, Wu SG, Yuan F, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH. Effects of Dietary Octacosanol on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicks. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1470-6. [PMID: 27189644 PMCID: PMC5003973 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Octacosanol, which has prominent physiological activities and functions, has been recognized as a potential growth promoter in animals. A total of 392 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks with similar body weight were randomly distributed into four dietary groups of seven replicates with 14 birds each supplemented with 0, 12, 24, or 36 mg octacosanol (extracted from rice bran, purity >92%)/kg feed. The feeding trial lasted for six weeks and was divided into the starter (day 1 to 21) and the grower (day 22 to 42) phases. The results showed that the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved in broilers fed a diet containing 24 mg/kg octacosanol compared with those fed the control diet in the overall phase (day 1 to 42, p = 0.042). The average daily gain and FCR both showed linear effects in response to dietary supplementation of octacosanol during the overall phase (p = 0.031 and 0.018, respectively). Broilers fed with 24 or 36 mg/kg octacosanol diet showed a higher eviscerated yield, which increased by 5.88% and 4.26% respectively, than those fed the control diet (p = 0.030). The breast muscle yield of broilers fed with 24 mg/kg octacosanol diet increased significantly by 12.15% compared with those fed the control diet (p = 0.047). Eviscerated and breast muscle yield increased linearly with the increase in dietary octacosanol supplementation (p = 0.013 and 0.021, respectively). Broilers fed with 24 or 36 mg/kg octacosanol diet had a greater (p = 0.021) pH45min value in the breast muscle, which was maintained linearly in response to dietary octacosanol supplementation (p = 0.003). There was a significant decrease (p = 0.007) in drip loss value between the octacosanol-added and the control groups. The drip loss showed linear (p = 0.004) and quadratic (p = 0.041) responses with dietary supplementation of octacosanol. These studies indicate that octacosanol is a potentially effective and safe feed additive which may improve feed efficiency and meat quality, and increase eviscerated and breast muscle yield, in broiler chicks. Dietary supplementation of octacosanol at 24 mg/kg diet is regarded as the recommended dosage in the broilers’ diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Long
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.,Tianjin Naer Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
| | - S G Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - F Yuan
- Tianjin Naer Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - G H Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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17
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Li M, Sun ZY, Grim JN, Ponce-Gordo F, Wang GT, Zou H, Li WX, Wu SG. Morphology of Nyctotheroides hubeiensis Li et al. 1998 from Frog Hosts with Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Clevelandellid Ciliates (Armophorea, Clevelandellida). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 63:751-759. [PMID: 27096441 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of Nyctotheroides hubeiensis (Acta Hydrobiol. Sin. 1998, 22(suppl.):187), collected from the rectum of Phelophylax nigromaculatus, is presented in this paper based on detailed morphological information and molecular data. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that N. hubeiensis fell into the Nyctotheroides clade, which was strongly supported as monophyletic and clustered as basal to the genera Nyctotherus and Clevelandella. Also, the monophyly of the Order Clevelandellida and the affinity of parasitic nyctotherids and free-living metopids were indicated in our work. The origin of clevelandellid ciliates as well as their possible evolutionary history was also discussed here; however, the analysis of more species from other vertebrate hosts (fish, reptiles) should be made before a well-supported conclusion can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zong-Yi Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - J Norman Grim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shan-Gong Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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18
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Yu RX, Wang YH, Hu XQ, Wu SG, Cai LM, Zhao XP. Individual and Joint Acute Toxicities of Selected Insecticides Against Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:327-33. [PMID: 26546487 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As widely used pesticides, organophosphate, pyrethroid, and neonicotinoid insecticides have different modes of action. In the present study, we evaluated individual and joint acute toxicities of two organophosphates, two pyrethroids, and two neonicotinoids against the second-instar silkworm by feeding silkworm with the insecticide-treated mulberry leaves. The 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC(50)) values of chlorpyrifos, acephate, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin against silkworm were 3.45 (2.95-4.31), 44.45 (39.34-48.56), 1.27 (1.19-1.35), 2.38 (2.19-2.54), 0.36 (0.30-0.43), and 0.037 (0.033-0.041) mg/liter, respectively. Moreover, the 96-h LC(50) values of 50:50 binary mixtures of insecticides against silkworm ranged from 0.048 (0.043-0.054) to 3.52 (2.09-4.51) mg/liter. In addition, the combination coefficient (Q) values of all tested mixtures ranged from 0.36 to 3.37. According to the obtained Q values, the binary mixture of deltamethrin-chlorpyrifos showed antagonistic effects at 96-h interval, while the other binary mixtures had additive effects. Taken together, our results provided valuable guidelines in assessing the ecological risk of these insecticide mixtures against silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Y H Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - X Q Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - S G Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - L M Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - X P Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
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Xiao JF, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Yue HY, Wang J, Ji F, Qi GH. Bioefficacy comparison of organic manganese with inorganic manganese for eggshell quality in Hy-Line Brown laying hens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1871-8. [PMID: 26047673 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the bioefficacy of organic compared with inorganic manganese (Mn) for eggshell quality. An amino acid-Mn complex or Mn sulfate monohydrate was used as the organic or inorganic Mn source. A total of six hundred forty-eight 50-wk-old layers (Hy-Line Brown) were divided into 9 groups; each group consisted of 6 replicates with 12 layers each. The feeding trial lasted 12 wk. During the first 4 wk of the feeding trial, the groups were fed a basal diet, which met the nutrient requirements of the layers, except for Mn. During the following 8 wk, 9 levels of Mn (inorganic Mn: 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; organic Mn: 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were used to supplement, respectively, in the basal diet on an equimolar basis. An exponential regression model was applied to calculate the bioefficacy of organic Mn compared with the inorganic Mn. Dietary supplementation with either organic or inorganic Mn did not influence egg production and feed efficiency of (P > 0.05), and eggshell quality did not exhibit a significant response to dietary supplementation with Mn sources at 56 and 58 wk (P > 0.05). Dietary supplementation with either organic Mn or inorganic Mn significantly enhanced the thickness, breaking strength, and elastic modulus of the eggshells compared with the control group at the end of 62 wk (P < 0.05). At the end of 62 wk, the bioefficacy of organic Mn was 357% (shell thickness), 406% (breaking strength), 458% (elastic modulus), and 470% (eggshell Mn), as efficacious as inorganic Mn at equimolar levels. This study suggests that organic Mn enhances eggshell quality in aged laying hens compared with inorganic Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - S G Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - H J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - H Y Yue
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - F Ji
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - G H Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Ye LT, Li WX, Wang WW, Wu SG, Wang GT. Updated morphology, histopathology and molecular phylogeny of Myxobolus hearti, cardiac myxosporea in gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch). J Fish Dis 2014; 37:11-20. [PMID: 24341506 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The original description of Myxobolus hearti is supplemented with new data on spore morphology, histopathology and molecular phylogeny. Myxobolus hearti are found in the heart ventricle of the gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch), where they form whitish oval or irregularly shaped plasmodia. Mature spores are oval or shortly ellipsoidal in frontal view, lemon-shaped in sutural view and eye-shaped in apical view. The spores are 14.12 ± 0.35 (13.6-15) μm long (mean ± SD), 11.85 ± 0.34 ± 0.36 (11-12) μm wide and 7.32 ± 0.36 (7-8) μm thick. The two polar capsules are equal in size, 6.11 ± 0.29 (6-7) μm long and 3.89 ± 0.31(3-4) μm wide, and are long pyriform in shape. Polar filaments have six or seven coils situated perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the polar capsules. Histopathology indicates that the plasmodia are encased by the host connective tissue, and no inflammatory responses are found in the heart ventricles. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences indicates that M. hearti is, genetically, most similar to Henneguya doneci, a gill-infecting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Ye
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Meng ZW, Zhang YJ, Li W, Shi T, Wu SG, Tan J. Relapse of hyperthyroidism after hemithyroidectomy in concurrent medullary thyroid cancer and Graves' disease. BRATISL MED J 2013; 114:544-6. [PMID: 24020714 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2013_114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a rare case of concurrent medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and relapse of Graves' disease (GD). A 26-year-old Chinese female suffered from GD for 1 year. Physical examination demonstrated mildly diffuse goiter with a palpable 1.0 cm nodule in the right thyroid lobe and exophthalmos. Before hemithyroidectomy, calcitonin was elevated and thyroglobulin was normal. After surgery, histopathological findings proved coexistence of MTC and GD. 16 months later, GD relapsed and radioactive iodine 131 therapy was given. Meanwhile, postoperative monitoring showed well controlled calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen. Our lesson demonstrates although concomitant of MTC and GD is very rare, yet after hemithyroidectomy for the single nodular MTC lesion, remnant thyroid lobe could be the source of GD relapse very soon. More importantly, the relapse of GD and the following radioiodine therapy and radiation exposure could have been prevented if a better therapy plan of total thyroidectomy was adopted in the first place, instead of hemithyroidectomy (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 11).
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22
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Pan YZ, Wu SG, Dai HC, Zhang HJ, Yue HY, Qi GH. Solexa sequencing of microRNAs on chromium metabolism in broiler chicks. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics 2013; 6:137-53. [PMID: 23948696 DOI: 10.1159/000353703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chromium picolinate (CrPic) on the differential expression of the known microRNAs (miRNAs) in broiler skeletal muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 288 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments supplemented with 0, 0.4, 2.0, or 10.0 mg·kg(-1) CrPic, respectively. Dietary CrPic supplementation at 10.0 mg·kg(-1) increased the average daily feed intake in broilers (p < 0.05). On day 42, the serum total protein level was highest in animals treated with 2.0 mg·kg(-1) (p < 0.05) and 10.0 mg·kg(-1) CrPic (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 10.0 mg·kg(-1) CrPic decreased the levels of serum glucose (p < 0.05) on day 42 and of serum triglyceride (p < 0.05) on days 21 and 42. To further identify miRNAs from broiler skeletal muscles, we sequenced two small RNA libraries using the Solexa sequencing approach, and 57 miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed (p < 0.05). Among them, 6 upregulated and 2 downregulated miRNAs were validated by real-time qPCR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study provide a valuable clue regarding the role of miRNA target genes in the mechanism of the dietary CrPic effect on protein synthesis in skeletal muscles of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Pan
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Yue HY, Xu L, Ji F, Xu L, Qi GH. Trimethylamine deposition in the egg yolk from laying hens with different FMO3 genotypes. Poult Sci 2013; 92:746-52. [PMID: 23436525 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The A/T polymorphism at position nt 1,034 of the chicken FMO3 cDNA sequence is associated with elevated levels of trimethylamine (TMA) in the egg yolk, which is responsible for the fishy egg flavor. This study was aimed to investigate yolk TMA deposition in eggs from different FMO3 genotype (AA, AT, TT) laying hens fed a high level of choline, and the relationship between egg yolk TMA contents and yolk acceptability. A total of 132 genotyped laying hens, 38 wk of age, were assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments: 1) a control group of AA hens fed 370 mg of choline/kg of diet (practical choline level, provided by 500 mg of choline chloride/kg of diet); 2) AA hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet (higher dietary choline level, provided by 4,000 mg of choline chloride/kg of diet); 3) AT hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet; and 4) TT hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet. All layers were fed a 370 mg of choline/kg added diet for a period of 1-wk adaptation followed by a 6-wk trial period. A remarkable increase in yolk TMA concentration of TT hens (P < 0.001) caused by dietary choline addition at 2,960 mg/kg was observed. The relationship between TMA concentration in the egg yolk (μg/g, y) and deposition time (1~42 d, x) for TT hens is y = 0.0005x(3) - 0.0419x(2) + 1.0924x + 0.4323 (R(2) = 0.9259). The fish-flavor scores of egg yolks rose steadily (R(2) = 0.9324) as the TMA concentration increased, and there was also a corresponding decrease in the acceptance score (R(2) = 0.8276). The eggs were acceptable when the yolk TMA concentrations were less than 4.516 μg/g of yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu SG, Tian JY, Gatesoupe FJ, Li WX, Zou H, Yang BJ, Wang GT. Intestinal microbiota of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and its origin as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1585-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The objective was to investigate the intracellular localization and association of pig major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I subunits with invariant chain (Ii). Pig MHC class I subunit cDNAs were cloned by RT-PCR and eukaryotic expression plasmids of α and β2m were constructed with fusions to red or enhanced green fluorescent protein (pDsRed2-N1-α, pEGFP-N1-α, pDsRed2-N1-β2m, and pEGFP-N1-β2m). A pig Ii mutant with a deleted CLIP region (DCLIP-Ii) was constructed by overlap extension PCR. Wild-type Ii and mutant Ii were cloned into pEGFP-C1 (pEGFP-C1-Ii, pEGFP-C1-DCLIP-Ii). The recombinant plasmids of MHC I subunits and pEGFP-C1-Ii (pEGFP-C1-ΔCLIP-Ii) were transiently cotransfected into COS-7 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to detect expression and intracellular localization of Ii and MHC I subunits, and immunoprecipitation was used to analyze their association. Our results indicated that pig Ii associates with integrated MHC I subunits to form oligomers, but cannot associate with single MHC I subunits. Furthermore, deletion of the Ii CLIP sequence blocks association with integrated MHC I subunits. Thus, pig Ii cannot associate with a single MHC I molecule, the α or β2m chain, but Ii and the integrated MHC I molecule can form complexes that colocalize in the endomembranes of COS-7 cells. The Ii of CLIP plays a key role in assembly of Ii and MHC I.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Xu
- Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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Xu L, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Zhang L, Yue HY, Ji F, Qi GH. Comparison of lipid oxidation, messenger ribonucleic acid levels of avian uncoupling protein, avian adenine nucleotide translocator, and avian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α in skeletal muscles from electrical- and gas-stunned broilers. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2069-75. [PMID: 21844275 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of stunning methods [electrical stunning (ES) vs. gas stunning (GS)] on lipid oxidation in broiler meat and to investigate possible mechanisms of lipid oxidation by measuring plasma variables, muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS), and TBA reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations, muscle fiber ratios, and mRNA levels of avian uncoupling protein (avUCP), avian adenine nucleotide translocator, and avian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (avPGC-1α). Arbor Acres broilers (n = 36) were not stunned (control) or were exposed to the following stunning treatments: 40% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2); 60% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2); 35 V, 47 mA, 400 Hz; 50 V, 67 mA, 160 Hz; and 65 V, 86 mA, 1,000 Hz. The ROS level in tibialis anterior (TA; P < 0.05) and the TBARS concentration in pectoralis major (PM; P < 0.01) were decreased in the GS groups compared with the ES groups at 45 min postmortem. However, the TBARS concentrations at 24 h postmortem in the PM and TA groups were not affected by stunning method (ES or GS). Compared with ES, GS caused greater expression of avUCP mRNA (1.47-fold in PM, and 2.41-fold in TA) and avPGC-1α mRNA (1.42-fold in PM, and 2.08-fold in TA). In conclusion, the upregulation of avUCP and avPGC-1α reduced ROS accumulation and lipid oxidation at 45 min postmortem in the skeletal muscles of broilers stunned with hypercapnic moderate oxygenation GS. However, these changes were not sufficient to cause a difference in meat lipid oxidation at 24 h postmortem between broilers stunned with hypercapnic moderate oxygenation GS and those stunned with low-current, high-frequency ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Xu L, Zhang L, Yue HY, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Ji F, Qi GH. Effect of electrical stunning current and frequency on meat quality, plasma parameters, and glycolytic potential in broilers. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1823-30. [PMID: 21753221 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of electrical stunning variables (low currents and high frequencies) on meat quality, glycolytic potential, and blood parameters in broilers. A total of 54 broilers were stunned with 9 electrical stunning methods for 18 s using sinusoidal alternating currents combining 3 current levels (35 V, 47 mA; 50 V, 67 mA; and 65 V, 86 mA) with 3 frequencies (160, 400, and 1,000 Hz). Samples for meat quality were obtained from the pectoralis major (PM) and musculus iliofibularis (MI), and samples for glycogen metabolism were taken from the PM and tibialis anterior muscle at 45 min postmortem. The use of high frequency reduced the shear value in PM (400 and 1,000 Hz vs. 160 Hz; P < 0.01) and cooking loss in MI (1,000 Hz vs. 160 and 400 Hz; P < 0.01). The shear value of PM decreased at high frequency (400 and 1,000 Hz) when current was high (50 V, 67 mA and 65 V, 86 mA; P < 0.01) but increased at high frequency (1,000 Hz) when current was low (35 V, 47 mA). Stunning with 1,000 Hz (vs. 160 Hz) caused low glycogen and glycolytic potential in PM (P < 0.05). Plasma corticosterone decreased (P < 0.05) at high currents (≥50 V, 67 mA) but was not affected by changes in frequency. Electrical current interacted with frequency in plasma glucose, redness 24 h postmortem, shear value (PM), pH 24 h postmortem (MI), and glycolytic potential (tibialis anterior; P < 0.05). This study indicated that high stunning frequencies (400 and 1,000 Hz) may improve meat quality without aggregating stress when the current was not too low (>50 V, 67 mA).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Xu L, Ji F, Yue HY, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Zhang L, Qi GH. Plasma variables, meat quality, and glycolytic potential in broilers stunned with different carbon dioxide concentrations. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1831-6. [PMID: 21753222 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different CO(2) concentrations on blood variables, glycolytic potential (GP), and meat quality of hot-boned muscles in broilers. Thirty broilers were exposed to one of the following 5 gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO(2) + 30% O(2) + N(2) (control), 30% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G30%), 40% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G40%), 50% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G50%), and 60% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G60%). Samples were taken from the pectoralis major (PM), musculus iliofibularis (MI), and tibialis anterior muscles 45 min postmortem. The ultimate pH in both the PM (vs. G30% and G40%) and MI (vs. G40%) was decreased with G60% (P < 0.05), whereas drip loss in the PM (vs. G30%, P = 0.01) was increased with G60%. Drip loss in the MI (vs. control and G30%, P < 0.01) was increased with G50%. Lightness after 24 h in PM (vs. G30% and G40%, P < 0.01) was increased with G50%. In MI, lightness after 24 h was slightly decreased with G40% compared with the control (P < 0.10). The GP value in the PM was lower in the G30% and G40% than in G60% (P < 0.05), and the GP value in the tibialis anterior was the lowest in G30% (P < 0.01). Plasma corticosterone, plasma glucose, and meat quality (pH, lightness, redness, yellowness) 45 min postmortem were not affected by CO(2) levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, stunning broilers with low CO(2) levels (30 and 40%) improved meat quality but had no advantage in animal welfare compared with high CO(2) levels (50 and 60%).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Xu L, Yue HY, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Ji F, Zhang L, Qi GH. Comparison of blood variables, fiber intensity, and muscle metabolites in hot-boned muscles from electrical- and gas-stunned broilers. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1837-43. [PMID: 21753223 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of gas stunning (GS) and electrical stunning (ES) on energy metabolism in Arbor Acres broilers. Thirty-six birds were slaughtered without stunning (control) or after stunning with the following treatments: 40% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G40%); 60% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G60%); 35 V, 47 mA, 400 Hz (E35V); 50 V, 67 mA, 160 Hz (E50V); and 65 V, 86 mA, 1,000 Hz (E65V). Muscle samples were obtained from the pectoralis major (breast) and tibialis anterior (leg) muscles in ambient temperature within 45 min postmortem and stored at -80°C. Blood pH decreased consistently with GS (G40% and G60%) compared with ES and the control (P < 0.01). No consistent differences were observed between GS and ES in the plasma variables, glycolytic potential, adenosine phosphates, or fiber intensities. Plasma lactate increased with G40% and E35V (P < 0.05), whereas plasma uric acid and urea nitrogen increased with E35V (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Compared with the control, the intensity of type IIB fibers decreased in broilers stunned with E35V and E50V (P < 0.05) and glycolytic potential increased (P < 0.01) with G60% in the breast muscle and decreased (P < 0.01) in the leg muscle with all the stunning treatments except for E50V. Energy decreased (lower adenosine triphosphate, higher adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate:adenosine triphosphate ratio, P < 0.05) in breast muscle with G40% compared with ES at high currents (E50V and E65V). However, the adenosine phosphates with GS were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from ES at low current (E35V) in either breast or leg muscle. In conclusion, no essential difference in energy metabolism was found in broilers stunned with ES and GS when ES was based on low current and high frequency and GS was based on hypercapnic moderate oxygenation. This study indicated that G40% was potentially a superior stunning variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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30
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Zhang L, Yue HY, Wu SG, Xu L, Zhang HJ, Yan HJ, Cao YL, Gong YS, Qi GH. Transport stress in broilers. II. Superoxide production, adenosine phosphate concentrations, and mRNA levels of avian uncoupling protein, avian adenine nucleotide translocator, and avian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha in skeletal muscles. Poult Sci 2010; 89:393-400. [PMID: 20181853 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of transport stress on superoxide production and adenosine phosphate concentration in addition to avian uncoupling protein (avUCP), avian adenine nucleotide translocator, and avian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha mRNA levels of skeletal muscles in broilers was investigated. Arbor Acres chicks (n = 360, 46 d old, males) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments: unstressed control, 45-min (short-term) transport with 45-min (short-term) recovery, 45-min transport with 3-h (long-term) recovery, 3-h (long-term) transport with 45-min recovery, and 3-h transport with 3-h recovery. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates with 12 birds each. All birds (except control group) were transported according to a designed protocol. Transport time affected reactive oxygen species production in the thigh muscle (P < 0.05), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and energy charge (EC) in both breast and thigh muscles (P < 0.05 for all 4 comparisons), ATP:adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ratio in the breast muscle (P < 0.05), and avUCP mRNA levels in the thigh muscle (P < 0.05). Long-term transport increased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species production, ATP content, ATP:ADP ratio, and EC in the thigh muscle, but it decreased ATP content, ATP:ADP ratio, and EC in the breast muscle. Long-term transport increased avUCP mRNA in the thigh muscle (P < 0.05). Long-term recovery increased the ATP (P < 0.05) and ADP (P < 0.05) concentrations, avian adenine nucleotide translocator mRNA (P < 0.05), and avian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha mRNA (P < 0.05) in the thigh muscle, whereas EC decreased (P < 0.05) in the breast muscle. There were interactions between transport and recovery time on ATP (P < 0.05), EC (P < 0.05), and avUCP mRNA level (P < 0.05) in the thigh muscle. This study suggests that long-term transport accelerates muscle energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation. A long-term recovery may help alleviate cellular damage and maintain meat quality by reducing the rate of energy metabolism and scavenging of free radicals formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Gao J, Zhang HJ, Yu SH, Wu SG, Yoon I, Quigley J, Gao YP, Qi GH. Effects of yeast culture in broiler diets on performance and immunomodulatory functions. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1377-84. [PMID: 18577619 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental yeast culture (Diamond V XP Yeast Culture; YC) in broiler diets on performance, digestibility, mucosal development, and immunomodulatory functions. One-day-old Arbor Acres chicks (n = 960) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments based on corn and soybean meal and containing 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g/kg of YC in the diet for 42 d. Each treatment consisted of 12 replicates of 20 broilers each. Nutrient digestibility was determined on d 15 and 35 by total fecal collection. On d 21 and 42, 12 birds per treatment were sacrificed to evaluate gut morphology and secretory IgA. Broilers were vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine by eye drop on d 7 and 28 and antibody titer was determined on d 14, 21, 35, and 42. Dietary supplemental YC at 2.5 g/kg improved average daily gain and feed conversion during grower and overall periods (P <or= 0.05). Yeast culture supplementation increased digestibility of Ca (linear and quadratic, P = 0.01) and P (linear, P = 0.01) on d 35, but did not affect (P > 0.05) protein retention and energy digestibility. Villus height to crypt depth ratios in the duodenum and jejunum (d 42) and ileum (d 21) were increased (P <or= 0.05) in broilers fed 2.5 g/kg of YC. Yeast culture increased antibody titers to Newcastle disease virus (linear, P <or= 0.05), serum lysozyme activity (linear and cubic, P <or= 0.05), and IgM (linear, P <or= 0.05) and secretary IgA concentrations in the duodenum (linear, P = 0.01). Results of this study indicate that dietary supplemental YC at 2.5 g/kg improved growth performance. Dietary YC affected immune functions, digestibility of Ca and P, and intestinal mucosal morphology of broilers. Growth performance was optimized at 2.5 g/kg of YC in the present study. Immune function could be modified with dietary YC supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu SG, Wang GT, Xi BW, Gao D, Nie P. Population dynamics and maturation cycle of Camallanus cotti (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in the Chinese hooksnout carp Opsariichthys bidens (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae) from a reservoir in China. Vet Parasitol 2007; 147:125-31. [PMID: 17459589 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The seasonal population dynamics and maturation cycle of the nematode Camallanus cotti in the posterior intestine of Chinese hooksnout carp Opsariichthys bidens have been studied in the Danjiangkou Reservoir of the Hubei Province in central China from September 2004 to November 2005. The overall prevalence, mean abundance and intensity of C. cotti among fish sampled (n=700 fish) were 47%, 2.29+/-12.38 (+/-S.D.) and 1-307 (average 4.89+/-17.74), respectively. The overall sexual ratio of female to male nematodes (excluding L3 and L4 juveniles) was 1.17:1. Statistical results showed weakly positive correlations between fish length and the number of nematodes per host. The dynamics of infection of the nematode exhibited significant seasonal pattern in changes in mean abundance. A similar pattern was found for changes in nematode prevalence, although this was not statistically significant. Higher levels of infection were observed among fish sampled in summer months and the lower in the winter. Neither the prevalence nor the abundance of the parasite was significantly different between male and female hosts. The pattern of frequency distribution of the parasite in the host was found to be over-dispersed throughout the sampling period. In addition, studies on the development and maturation of the parasite in O. bidens revealed that development (maturation), recruitment of the next generation, and reproduction may be continuous year-round, although reproduction may peak during the winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
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Qiao AK, Guo XL, Wu SG, Zeng YJ, Xu XH. Numerical study of nonlinear pulsatile flow in S-shaped curved arteries. Med Eng Phys 2004; 26:545-52. [PMID: 15271282 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2002] [Revised: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear pulsatile blood flow in S-shaped curved arteries was studied with finite element method. Numerical simulations for flows in two models of S-shaped curved arteries with different diameters and under the same boundary conditions were performed. The temporal and spatial distributions of hemodynamic variables during the cardiac cycle such as velocity field, secondary flow, pressure, and wall shear stresses in the arteries were analyzed. Results of numerical simulations showed that the secondary flow in the larger S-shaped curved artery is more complex than that in the smaller one; stronger eddy flow occurred in the inner bends of curved arteries; pressure and wall shear stresses changed violently in the curved arteries, especially in the larger model. These hemodynamic variables in curved arteries will cause important effects on the function of arterial endothelium in the region. For instance, they may lead to the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the thickening of the intima, and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis may develop in such regions. Due to having the special blood flow characteristics in the S-shaped arteries, it is worthwhile to study flow in this kind of curved artery. The comprehensive theoretical foundation showed in the present study can be extended to approach problems of nonlinear pulsatile flow in curved arteries with more complex geometrical shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Qiao
- Medical School of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, PR China
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Wu SG, Jeng FR, Wei SY, Su CZ, Chung TC, Chang WJ, Chang HW. Red blood cell osmotic fragility in chronically hemodialyzed patients. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 78:28-32. [PMID: 9453400 DOI: 10.1159/000044878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal failure induces anemia and a short erythrocyte life span. Red blood cell (RBC) osmotic fragility is the resistance of RBC hemolysis to osmotic changes that is used to evaluate RBC friability. To find the cause of shortened red cell survival in uremic patients, we evaluated the RBC osmotic fragility in 57 chronic hemodialyzed patients. Each patient had received 12 h of dialysis per week continuously prior to being enrolled in the study. Nineteen healthy volunteers served as a control group. Biochemistry, hemoglobin, electrolyte, osmolarity, beta2-microglobulin, and intact parathyroid hormone were examined before and after the dialysis session. To evaluate the osmotic fragility of RBC, blood samples were collected in heparinized test tubes. Fifty microliters of the RBC of each individual was then incubated in solutions containing a series of various concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0 to 0.6%. The concentration of NaCl at which 50% of RBCs were lysed was considered the median osmotic fragility (MOF). The results showed that the MOF was significantly greater in hemodialyzed patients before dialysis than in the control group (0.41 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.02%). The osmotic resistance to hemolysis was also recorded after dialysis (MOF 0.38 +/- 0.03%). Correlation analysis showed that the MOF was significantly correlated with urea nitrogen, serum osmolarity, and intact parathyroid hormone level. In addition, the osmotic fragility was higher in patients who had a predialysis intact parathyroid hormone level > 100 pg/dl. In conclusion, hemodialysis can improve the osmotic fragility. The mechanism underlying this improvement may be the removal of low molecular weight uremic toxins, resulting in normalization of serum osmolarity. Our results indicate that parathyroid hormone is probably a major factor influencing RBC osmotic fragility in chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal General Hospital for Women and Children, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Li YL, Guo FK, Wu SG. Effects of antisense IRAK-2 oligonucleotides on PGI2 release induced by IL-1 and TNF. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2000; 21:646-8. [PMID: 11360675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effects of antisense interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-2 oligonucleotide (IRAK-2 ODN) on the prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). METHODS The HUVEC were transfected with antisense IRAK-2 ODN and stimulated with IL-1 and TNF. The levels of PGI2 release were analyzed by competitive ELISA. RESULTS Pre-transfection with antisense IRAK-2 ODN could remarkably decrease the levels of PGI2 synthesis induced by IL-1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, whereas it could not attenuate the one stimulated by TNF. CONCLUSION The responses of antisense IRAK-2 ODN to IL-1 and TNF-stimulated PGI2 release are different. IRAK-2 plays a key role in the IL-1 signaling events leading to PGI2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics Sciences, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Guo FK, Li YL, Wu SG. Antisense IRAK-2 oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits interleukin-1-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2000; 21:318-20. [PMID: 11324458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the inhibitory effects of antisense interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-2 (IRAK-2) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation. METHODS Antisense IRAK-2 ODN was delivered by lipofectin encapsulation into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293 cells). The levels of NF-kappa B were assayed by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS (1) Treatment of HEK 293 cells with IL-1 enhanced NF-kappa B level in nuclei by 518.5% +/- 2.1%. (2) Antisense IRAK-2 ODN inhibited IL-1-induced NF-kappa B activation in a concentration (1-8 micrograms)- and time (5-24 h)-dependent manner. A maximum inhibition was 70.7% +/- 1.0% from Acontrol 0.834 +/- 0.014 to 0.244 +/- 0.008 after treatment with antisense IRAK-2 ODN 4 micrograms for 8 h. CONCLUSION Antisense IRAK-2 ODN inhibited IL-1-induced NF-kappa B activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Guo
- Institute of Pharmaceutic Sciences, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Guo FK, Wu SG. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase modulates IL-18-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2000; 21:321-4. [PMID: 11324459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase is involved in interleukin-18 (IL-18)-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation. METHODS Antisense PI 3-kinase oligonucleotide (ODN) was delivered by lipofectin encapsulation into cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. PI 3-kinase mRNA expression was assayed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The levels of NF-kappa B were measured by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS (1) Antisense PI 3-kinase ODN blocked PI 3-kinase mRNA expression. (2) IL-18 activated NF-kappa B from basal level of 0.153 +/- 0.008 to 1.942 +/- 0.017. (3) Antisense PI 3-kinase ODN inhibited IL-18-induced NF-kappa B activation in a concentration (1-8 mg/L)- and time (5-24 h)-dependent fashion. When the cells were treated with antisense PI 3-kinase ODN 2 mg/L for 8 h, a maximum inhibitory rate was 35.2% from 1.942 +/- 0.017 control to 1.259 +/- 0.018. CONCLUSION PI 3-kinase is necessary for IL-18-stimulated NF-kappa B activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Guo
- Institute of Pharmaceutic Sciences, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Chen NN, Wu SG. [Effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta on K+ channels of mice bone marrow stromal cells]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1999; 51:637-44. [PMID: 11498933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, both cell-attached and inside-out mode of patch clamp technique were applied to detect the effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on K+ channels of mice bone marrow stromal cells. A 16.7 pS voltage-dependent K+ channel resembling the delayed rectifier K+ channel in excitable cells was identified and characterized. Under stimulation of IL-1 beta (1000 U/ml), the single channel conductance increased to 26.1 +/- 3.6 pS (P < 0.01). IL-1 beta also markedly increased the open time constant and the open probability, but decreased the closed time constant as compared to the same patches without IL-1 beta. In addition, IL-1 beta induced multi-channel activities in about 80 percent patches by inducing more K+ channels of the same type open. These results suggest that activation of K+ channels plays a role in signal transduction of interleukin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515
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Zhu ZG, Wu SG. Fibrinogenolytic properties of natrahagin (a proteinase from cobra venom) and its effect on human platelet aggregation. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1999; 20:944-7. [PMID: 11270997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the fibrinogenolytic properties of natrahagin and its effect on platelet aggregation. METHOD SDS-PAGE, fibrinogenolytic activity assay, platelet aggregation. RESULTS Upon incubation of fibrinogen with natrahagin at the ratio of 50:1 (w/w), A alpha-chains of fibrinogen were almost completely hydrolyzed in 5 min; however, at least 6 h was needed for the complete degradation of gamma-chains. Fibrinogenolytic activity of natrahagin was 0.349 +/- 0.044 g.min-1.g-1 as determined by its ability to reduce the clottable fibrinogen. On the other hand, natrahagin concentration-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin in platelet-rich plasma and thrombin (80 U.L-1) in washed platelets with IC50 (95% confidence limit) of 56 (40-79) and 3.3 (1.4-8.0) mg.L-1. No inhibitory effect was found on collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation even when the dose of natrahagin reached 200 mg.L-1. CONCLUSION Natrahagin is an alpha, gamma-fibrinogenase with an inhibitory effect on platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)-dependent platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Anthony DD, Pan YX, Wu SG, Shen F, Guo YJ. Ex vivo and in vivo IGF-I antisense RNA strategies for treatment of cancer in humans. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 451:27-34. [PMID: 10026846 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5357-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D D Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Wu SG, Lin SL, Wu CM, Jeng FR, Su CZ. Optimal control of blood pressure can reverse left ventricular hypertrophy in uremic hypertensive hemodialysis patients. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1999; 15:62-8. [PMID: 10089714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of antihypertensive treatment on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of long-term hemodialysis patients. In uremic patients, it is still controversial in antihypertensive effect to the regression of LVH. The left ventricular size and function of 39 uremic hypertensive long-term hemodialysis patients (27 men, 12 women, mean age 58.3) was evaluated with M-mode, 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography before, and 12 months after, the start of combined antihypertensive therapy. This therapy included angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers and calcium antagonists. Patients were classified as responders or nonresponders, depending upon whether their systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by more than 10 mmHg after antihypertensive treatment for 12 months. Before treatment, 36 (92%) patients had LVH and diastolic dysfunction and three (8%) had systolic dysfunction. At the end of 12 months, only 25 (64%) patients had LVH, 30 (77%) had diastolic dysfunction and 2 (5%) had systolic dysfunction. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) also decreased from 203.63 +/- 70.47 g/m2 to 178.57 +/- 67.31 g/m2. LVMI correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) but did not correlate with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). There were 26 responders and 13 non-responders. Among responders, both the SBP (153.91 +/- 13.24 mmHg vs 134.43 +/- 14.21 mmHg, p < 0.01) and DBP (90.39 +/- 7.89 mmHg vs 79.98 +/- 7.35 mmHg, p < 0.01) decreased significantly after antihypertensive therapy. Responders also exhibited progressive regression of LVH (LVMI decreased significantly from 208.52 +/- 72.03 g/m2 to 168.52 +/- 55.53 g/m2, p < 0.05). However, LVH regression was not found in nonresponders (LVMI showed 194.84 +/- 64.36 g/m2 vs 193.66 +/- 77.67 g/m2). We conclude that good control of blood pressure can reverse LVH in hypertensive hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal General Hospital for Women and Children, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu SG, Jung FR, Wei SY, Su CZ. Relationship between microalbuminuria, left ventricular mass and function in essential hypertension. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1998; 14:536-41. [PMID: 9796196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship of microalbuminuria, left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension, 150 hypertensive patients were studied. All patients received a series of blood pressure (BP) measurements, overnight urine collection for microalbuminuria determination, chest radiography (CXR), electrocardiography (EKG) and echocardiographic assessment. Echocardiographic variables including left ventricular mass index (LVMI), fractional shortening (FS) and Doppler mitral flow E/A ratio were analyzed. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to diastolic blood pressure. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was identified by EKG in 28 patients (18.7%), by CXR in 56 patients (37.3%) and by echocardiography in 126 patients (89.3%). Microalbuminuria was detected in 42 patients (28%). Microalbuminuria tended to present in patients with higher systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure. There was no relation between FS and E/A ratio and the degree of blood pressure elevation. However, there was a strong correlation between microalbuminuria and LVMI (p < 0.001), this correlation was not related to any difference in blood biochemistry. The results of this study indicate that the severity of microalbuminuria relates closely to the severity of hypertension. In addition, hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria tend to have higher LVMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal General Hospital for Women and Children, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Guo YJ, Che XY, Shen F, Xie TP, Ma J, Wang XN, Wu SG, Anthony DD, Wu MC. Effective tumor vaccines generated by in vitro modification of tumor cells with cytokines and bispecific monoclonal antibodies. Nat Med 1997; 3:451-5. [PMID: 9095181 DOI: 10.1038/nm0497-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antitumor immune responses are mediated primarily by T cells. Downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the molecules that costimulate the immune response is associated with defective signaling by tumor cells for T-cell activation. In vitro treatment with a combination of cytokines significantly increased the expression of MHC class I and adhesion molecules on tumor cell surfaces. When tumor cells were first incubated with a bispecific monoclonal antibody that binds antigen on tumor cells to CD28 on T cells, the modified tumor cells become immunogenic and are able to stimulate naive T cells, generating tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro. Immunization with the modified tumor cells elicits an immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells. This response protected against a challenge with parental tumor cells and cured established tumors. The approach was effective in both low immunogenic and nonimmunogenic tumor model systems. Modification of tumor cells with this two-step procedure may provide a strategy for development of tumor vaccines that is effective for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Guo
- Tumor Immunology & Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Second Military Medical University, People's Republic of China
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Wu SG, Lin SL, Shiao WY, Huang HW, Lin CF, Yang YH. Comparison of sublingual captopril, nifedipine and prazosin in hypertensive emergencies during hemodialysis. Nephron Clin Pract 1993; 65:284-7. [PMID: 8247194 DOI: 10.1159/000187489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive emergencies in hemodialysis require immediate therapy, usually by parenteral drug administration; however, sublingual medications may have potential in this special condition. Sublingual captopril (25 mg), nifedipine (10 mg) and prazosin (2 mg) were prescribed to determine the effectiveness and safety of each medication in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies during hemodialysis. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously up to 120 min postdose. The response rates were 83% for captopril, 90% for nifedipine and 11% for prazosin. The significant hypotensive effects of both sublingual captopril and nifedipine occurred at 10 min and continued up to 120 min. The reduction of systolic blood pressure occurred earlier in nifedipine than captopril (10 vs. 15 min). No significant difference in heart rate between them was noted. There were no side effects in the captopril group but flushing, tachycardia and headache were observed in 4 patients of the nifedipine group. We concluded that sublingual captopril and nifedipine were effective but captopril seemed to have less side effects than nifedipine and may be an excellent alternative to sublingual nifedipine in the urgent treatment of hypertensive emergencies in hemodialysis. Prazosin was not recommended because of its low response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal Women and Childrens General Hospital, Kaohsiung, ROC
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Abstract
The behavior of nonlinear pulsatile flow of incompressible blood contained in an elastic tube is examined. The theory takes into account the nonlinear convective terms of the Navier-Stokes equations. The motion of the arterial wall is characterized by a set of linearized differential equations. The region bounded by the flexible arterial wall is mapped into a fixed area in which numerical discretization takes place. The finite element method (Galerkin weighted residual approach) is used for the solution of this nonlinear system. The results obtained are pressure distribution, velocity profile, flow rate and wall displacements along the elastic tube (20 cm long).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- State University of New York, Buffalo 14260
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Wu SG. [Radiation protection of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha and its mechanism]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1991; 22:338-41. [PMID: 1796275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wu SG, Jang DJ, el-Sayed MA, Marti T, Mogi T, Gobind Khorana H. The use of tryptophan mutants in identifying the 296 nm transient absorbing species during the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin. FEBS Lett 1991; 284:9-14. [PMID: 2060632 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80749-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transient absorption at 296 nm was part of the spectroscopic evidence that initiated the proposal that tyrosinate (Tyr-) is formed during, and important to, the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin (bR). Recent evidence against such a proposal comes from the results of NMR, UV Raman as well as electron cryo-microscopic structural studies. This makes it credible to assign this absorption to a charge perturbation of the lowest energy absorption of one of the tryptophan (Trp) residues in bR. The transient absorption at 296 nm is examined for each of 8 tryptophan mutants in which Trp is substituted by phenylalanine or cysteine, which absorb at shorter wavelength. It is shown that while all go through the photocycle, all but Trp-182 mutant show this transient absorption. This strongly suggests the assignment of this absorption to a charge perturbaton of the lowest energy absorption of Trp-182 during the photocycle. The chemical identity of the perturbing charge(s) is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles 90024
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Abstract
Antitumor activity of recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1) against seven human non-Hodgkin lymphomas grown in athymic nude mice was studied. Growth of the lymphomas was markedly inhibited after an injection of 0.4 mg/kg IL-1. The growth inhibition of Burkitt lymphoma was found to be dose-dependent up to 0.4 mg/kg, reaching a plateau thereafter. The loss of colony-forming ability of the cells and the loss of cell viability showed the same type of dose-dependence and progressed during 24 h following an injection of IL-1. In accordance with these observations, histopathologic examination revealed progressively spreading coagulative necrosis without bleeding. Little infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tumor tissue was observed. IL-1 growth inhibition of T lymphoma in beige nude mice having low natural killer activity was similar to that in nude mice. These findings suggested that the antitumor effects might not be produced through cell-mediated antitumor actions. Immunocytological examination with anti-IL-1 antibody revealed that administered IL-1 was bound to the lymphoma cells, suggesting that IL-1 receptor is probably expressed on these cells in vivo. The antitumor action of IL-1 on the lymphomas may be exerted directly through the IL-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyamoto
- Hospital National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba
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49
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Wu SG, Miyamoto T. Radioprotection of the intestinal crypts of mice by recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha. Radiat Res 1990; 123:112-5. [PMID: 2371377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rHIL-1 alpha or IL-1) protected the intestinal crypt cells of mice against X-ray-induced damage. The survival of crypt cells measured in terms of their ability to form colonies of regenerating duodenal epithelium in situ was increased when IL-1 was given either before or after irradiation. The maximum degree of radioprotection was seen when the drug was given between 13 and 25 h before irradiation. The IL-1 dose producing maximum protection was about 6.3 micrograms/kg. This is the first report indicating that the cytokine IL-1 has a radioprotective effect in the intestine. The finding suggests that IL-1 may be of potential value in preventing radiation injury to the gut in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba City, Japan
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Abstract
High doses of rHIL-1 protected C3H/HeN mice against lethal radiation damage. The optimum time of radioprotection was found when this cytokine was administered at 4 h and at 20 h before irradiation. The dose reduction factors when the IL-1 was administered at those times were about 1.30. The radioprotection at the optimum times was also observed in the cell kinetic behaviour of GM-CFC in the bone marrow. In previous studies it was reported that less radioprotection was found in C3H/HeN mice pretreated with IL-1. This may not be the case with a higher dose of IL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba City, Japan
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