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Chin W, Steeneveld W, Nielen M, Christensen J, Klaas IC, Lam TJGM. The association between time-series milk β-hydroxybutyrate dynamics and early reproductive performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00629-5. [PMID: 38554827 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The DeLaval Herd Navigator is an on-farm sensor system that measures on a frequent basis milk progesterone (P4) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in individual cows to closely monitor reproductive performance and energy balance. This information provides the opportunity to investigate the dynamics of BHB measured in milk (mBHB) and study the association between mBHB and early reproductive performance. The objectives of the study were (1) to describe mBHB dynamics within the first 20 d in milk (DIM), and (2) to evaluate the association between mBHB dynamics and early reproductive performance at cow-level. Two-year time-series data from 4,133 dairy cows in 38 Dutch dairy farms were available for analysis. Data included information on mBHB, daily milk yield and the indicators of early reproductive performance, days from calving to resumption of cyclicity, days from calving to first estrus, and days from calving to first insemination. The following mBHB dynamic parameters were defined based on the first 20 DIM for each individual cow: average mBHB (AvgBHB), DIM when mBHB was for the first time ≥80 μmol/L (OnsetKeto), the total number of consecutive days a cow had mBHB concentration ≥80 μmol/L, and the number of measurements mBHB concentration was ≥80 μmol/L. Three Cox proportional hazard regression models with random herd effect were developed to evaluate the association between cow level mBHB dynamics and days from calving to resumption of cyclicity, first estrus, and first insemination. Results showed that the mean AvgBHB within 20 DIM among all cows was 73 μmol/L. The mean OnsetKeto within 20 DIM, was 8 DIM. Among all cows having hyperketolactia, 55.8% (1,350/2,419) had OnsetKeto in the first week of lactation. In total, 41.5% (1,714/4,133) of the cows did not have OnsetKeto in the first 20 DIM. An early onset of hyperketolactia was associated with delayed fertility events. Cows with higher AvgBHB have a prolonged time interval from calving to resumption of cyclicity and first estrus. Information on mBHB dynamics and the association with early reproductive performance provides insights that might be helpful to improve reproductive performance of individual dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chin
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W Steeneveld
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - M Nielen
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Christensen
- Lattec I/S, Slangerupgade 69, 3400 Hillerod, Denmark
| | - I C Klaas
- DeLaval International AB, 14721 Tumba, Sweden
| | - T J G M Lam
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Dubrovsky B, Weingarten JA, Cunningham J, Howladar A, Chin W, Gikashvili L. 0736 Self-reported Sleep In OSA Patients: Roles Of Polysomnographic Measures And Depressive Symptoms. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep fragmentation is typical in OSA, which is commonly co-morbid with insomnia and depression. A complex interaction between these conditions may be also gender-dependent. Moreover, self-report measures of sleep quality and insomnia, such as PSQI and ISI, may relate to depression symptoms more than polysomnographic sleep disturbance. The present aim is to ascertain relative contributions of polysomnographic variables and depression symptoms to PSQI and ISI in a large sample of OSA patients. The interaction between depressive symptomatology and gender in their relationships with subjective sleep is also analyzed.
Methods
A total of 1,166 patients (923 women, 1136 minorities, 18-97 y.o., age M=53.1±15.2, BMI M=34.4±8.7) undergoing an overnight PSG filled out the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESDR), ISI and PSQI. ISI and PSQI were separately regressed onto age, sex and BMI, followed by PSG variables meeting p<0.1 criterion when tested individually, followed by CESDR and CESDR-by-sex interaction.
Results
Mean AHI=29.6±34.7, range 0-167/hr, 72.3% of patients had AHI≥5. The PSQI final model included total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SEF), WASO, PLM index, CESDR and CESDR-by-sex. Only CESDR and CESDR-by-sex were significant (p<0.001, p=0.023, respectively). Higher CESDR predicted higher PSQI in both sexes (both p<0.001), accounting for a greater portion of PSQI variance in men (R2=39%) than in women (R2=29%). The ISI final model included TST, N3%, REM%, SEF, WASO, total arousal index, AHI, PLM index, CESDR and CESDR-by-sex. Higher ISI related to lower TST (p=0.042, R2<1%), higher REM% (p=0.016, R2<1%), and higher CESDR (p<0.001, R2=42%). CESDR-by-sex was not significant.
Conclusion
In this large sample, after controlling for demographic variables, PSG parameters had only minimal relationship with self-report insomnia and sleep quality measures. Higher depressive symptomatology was associated with higher subjective sleep disturbance on PSQI and worse insomnia symptoms on ISI in both sexes, accounting for 29-42% of the variance.
Support
none
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dubrovsky
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - J A Weingarten
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - J Cunningham
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - A Howladar
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - W Chin
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - L Gikashvili
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
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Weingarten JA, Dubrovsky B, Cunningham J, Chin W, Howladar A, Gikashvili L. 0733 Retrospective Pain Reports In OSA Patients: Roles Of Depressive Symptoms, Polysomnographic And Self-report Sleep Measures. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Exploring the relationship between OSA and pain, some studies showed hyperalgesia, and others, hypoalgesia. It was proposed that apnea-related sleep fragmentation causes hyperalgesia, and hypoxemia, hypoalgesia. However, SpO2 nadir had opposite relationships with pain measures in different studies. A 2018 review of over 1000 studies reported lack of consistent relationship between OSA and pain variables. Further, OSA was shown to relate to depressed mood, which may alter pain perception. Presently, retrospective reports of pain are analyzed as a function of polysomnographic and self-report sleep variables and depressive symptomatology in patients evaluated for OSA.
Methods
A total of 1,166 patients (923 women, 1136 minorities, 18-97 y.o., age M=53.1±15.2, BMI M=34.4±8.7) undergoing an overnight PSG filled out the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESDR), ISI, PSQI, ESS, and Chronic Pain Grade Scale yielding pain intensity (PI) and functional effect (FE) scores. PI and FE were separately regressed onto age, sex and BMI, followed by PSG and self-report variables meeting p<0.1 criterion. AHI and SpO2nadir were forced into the models.
Results
Mean AHI=29.6±34.7, range 0-167/hr, 72.3% had AHI≥5. Higher PI related to higher AHI (p=0.005, R2<1%), lower total arousal index (TAI, p=0.006, R2<1%), higher total sleep time (TST, p=0.003, R2<1%), higher PSQI (p<0.001, R2=5%), and higher CESD (p=0.001, R2<1%), without interactions with sex. Higher FE related to higher AHI (p=0.004, R2<1%), lower TAI (p<0.001, R2=1%), higher PSQI (p<0.001, R2=3%, and higher CESD (p<0.001, R2=2%). Sex had a significant interaction only with AHI (p=0.032); the FE-AHI relationship was significant in women (p=0.012), but not in men.
Conclusion
On retrospective reports of pain in this large sample, higher AHI related to greater pain intensity in both sexes and to greater functional effect in women only. Unexpectedly, higher pain measures were also related to lower TAI and higher TST. Higher depressive symptomatology and subjective sleep disturbance on PSQI were related to greater pain intensity and its functional effect. Only a small portion of the variance in pain measures was accounted for by PSG and self-report variables.
Support
none
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Weingarten
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - B Dubrovsky
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - J Cunningham
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - W Chin
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - A Howladar
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
| | - L Gikashvili
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Center for Sleep Disorders, Brooklyn, NY
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Chang E, Chin W, Levin-Epstein R, Parikh N, van Dams R, Yuan Y, Cao M, Kishan A, Steinberg M, Venkat P, Shaverdian N. Assessment of the Impact of an Interprofessional Curriculum on Radiation Therapy Knowledge in Radiation Oncology Nursing Staff. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chang E, Chin W, Dang A, Hegde J, Jiang N, Sandler K, Yuan Y, Kaprealian T, Kishan A, McCloskey S, Steinberg M, Shaverdian N. Development and Implementation of an Interprofessional Curriculum for Radiation Oncology Nursing Staff. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Humaidan P, Chin W, Rogoff D, D'Hooghe T, Longobardi S, Hubbard J, Schertz J. Efficacy and safety of follitropin alfa/lutropin alfa in ART: a randomized controlled trial in poor ovarian responders. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:544-555. [PMID: 28137754 PMCID: PMC5850777 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does the efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of recombinant human FSH plus recombinant human LH (follitropin alfa plus lutropin alfa; r-hFSH/r-hLH) compare with that of r-hFSH monotherapy for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in patients with poor ovarian response (POR)? SUMMARY ANSWER The primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were comparable between treatment groups and the safety profile of both treatment regimens was favourable. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although meta-analyses of clinical trials have suggested some beneficial effect on reproductive outcomes with r-hLH supplementation in patients with POR, the definitions of POR were heterogeneous and limit the comparability across studies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Phase III, single-blind, active-comparator, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. Patients were followed for a single ART cycle. A total of 939 women were randomized (1:1) to receive either r-hFSH/r-hLH or r-hFSH. Randomization, stratified by study site and participant age, was conducted via an interactive voice response system. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women classified as having POR, based on criteria incorporating the ESHRE Bologna criteria, were down-regulated with a long GnRH agonist protocol and following successful down-regulation were randomized (1:1) to COS with r-hFSH/r-hLH or r-hFSH alone. The primary efficacy endpoint was the number of oocytes retrieved following COS. Safety endpoints included the incidence of adverse events, including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Post hoc analyses investigated safety outcomes and correlations between live birth and baseline characteristics (age and number of oocytes retrieved in previous ART treatment cycles or serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)). The significance of the treatment effect was tested by generalized linear models (Poisson regression for counts and logistic regression for binary endpoints) adjusting for age and country. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of 949 subjects achieving down-regulation, 939 were randomized to r-hFSH/r-hLH (n = 477) or r-hFSH (n = 462) and received treatment. Efficacy assessment: In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, the mean (SD) number of oocytes retrieved (primary endpoint) was 3.3 (2.71) in the r-hFSH/r-hLH group compared with 3.6 (2.82) in the r-hFSH group (between-group difference not statistically significant). The observed difference between treatment groups (r-hFSH/r-hLH and r-hFSH, respectively) for efficacy outcomes decreased over the course of pregnancy (biochemical pregnancy rate: 17.3% versus 23.9%; clinical pregnancy rate: 14.1% versus 16.8%; ongoing pregnancy rate: 11.0% versus 12.4%; and live birth rate: 10.6% versus 11.7%). An interaction (identified post hoc) between baseline characteristics related to POR and treatment effect was noted for live birth, with r-hFSH/r-hLH associated with a higher live birth rate for patients with moderate or severe POR, whereas r-hFSH was associated with a higher live birth rate for those with mild POR. A post hoc logistic regression analysis indicated that the incidence of total pregnancy outcome failure was lower in the r-hFSH/r-hLH group (6.7%) compared with the r-hFSH group (12.4%) with an odds ratio of 0.52 (95% CI 0.33, 0.82; P = 0.005). Safety assessment: The overall proportion of patients with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurring during or after r-hFSH/r-hLH or r-hFSH use (stimulation or post-stimulation phase) was 19.9% and 26.8%, respectively. There was no consistent pattern of TEAEs associated with either treatment. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Despite using inclusion criteria for POR incorporating the ESHRE Bologna criteria, further investigation is needed to determine the impact of the heterogeneity of POR in the Bologna patient population. The observed correlation between baseline clinical characteristics related to POR and live birth rate, as well as the observed differences between groups regarding total pregnancy outcome failure were from post hoc analyses, and the study was not powered for these endpoints. In addition, the attrition rate for pregnancy outcomes in this trial may not reflect general medical practice. Furthermore, as the patient population was predominantly White these results might not be applicable to other ethnicities. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In the population of women with POR investigated in this study, although the number of oocytes retrieved was similar following stimulation with either a fixed-ratio combination of r-hFSH/r-hLH or r-hFSH monotherapy, post hoc analyses showed that there was a lower rate of total pregnancy outcome failure in patients receiving r-hFSH/r-hLH, in addition to a higher live birth rate in patients with moderate and severe POR. These findings are clinically relevant and require additional investigation. The benefit:risk balance of treatment with either r-hFSH/r-hLH or r-hFSH remains positive. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. P.H. has received honoraria for lectures and unrestricted research grants from Ferring, Merck KGaA and MSD. D.R. is a former employee of EMD Serono, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. J.S., J.H. and W.C. are employees of EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. T.D.’H. and S.L. are employees of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02047227; EudraCT Number: 2013-003817-16. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE ClinicalTrials.gov: 24 January 2014; EudraCT: 19 December 2013. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLMENT 30 January 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Humaidan
- The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - W Chin
- Global Biostatistics and Epidemiology, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Rogoff
- Global Clinical Development, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T D'Hooghe
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Longobardi
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Hubbard
- Global Clinical Development, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Schertz
- Global Clinical Development, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Humaidan P, Chin W, Rogoff D, D'Hooghe T, Longobardi S, Hubbard J, Schertz J. Efficacy and safety of follitropin alfa/lutropin alfa in ART: a randomized controlled trial in poor ovarian responders. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:1537-1538. [PMID: 28541398 PMCID: PMC5946864 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Humaidan
- The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - W Chin
- Global Biostatistics and Epidemiology, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Rogoff
- Global Clinical Development, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T D'Hooghe
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Longobardi
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Hubbard
- Global Clinical Development, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Schertz
- Global Clinical Development, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA, a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Chin W, Chevalier M, Thon R, Pollet R, Ceponkus J, Crépin C. Photochemistry of glycolaldehyde in cryogenic matrices. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:224319. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4881605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gloaguen E, Pagliarulo F, Brenner V, Chin W, Piuzzi F, Tardivel B, Mons M. Intramolecular recognition in a jet-cooled short peptide chain: γ-turn helicity probed by a neighbouring residue. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4491-7. [PMID: 17690774 DOI: 10.1039/b704573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
gamma-Turn, the shortest secondary structure of peptides, exists as two helical forms gamma(l) and gamma(d) of opposite handedness. The present gas phase study of capped l-Phe-Xxx peptides (Xxx = l-Ala, d-Ala or Aib: aminoisobutyric acid) provides a unique example of intramolecular chiral recognition of the gamma-turn helicity on Ala or Aib by the neighbouring residue Phe within the chain. With the chiral l- or d-Ala residues, the presence of a side-chain operates a discrimination between the two helical forms: one of them is widely favoured over the other (gamma(l) or gamma(d), respectively). This enables us to validate and calibrate the recognition capabilities of the nearby l-Phe residue. The discriminating interactions have been precisely characterized from their spectroscopic UV and IR signatures and identified by comparison with quantum chemistry calculations. Then, in the case of the non-chiral residue Aib, the two helical forms of the gamma-turn, which are simultaneously observed in the jet, have been discriminated and assigned by comparison with the chiral residues. The relative abundances of the diastereomeric forms l-Phe-Aib(gamma(l)) and l-Phe-Aib(gamma(d)) enable us to determine the most efficient recognition configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gloaguen
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, URA CEA-CNRS 2453, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, CEA Saclay, Bât 522, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new modality in the treatment of cancers, which employs the interaction between a tumor-localizing photosensitizer and light of an appropriate wavelength to bring about molecular oxygen-induced cell death. We have investigated the efficacy of photosensitizers from the family perylenequinone, namely Hypericin, Hypocrellin A and B, in the treatment of cancer. These photosensitizers are known as potent second generation natural photosensitizers that have phototherapeutic advantages over the presently used porphyrins. We have studied the in vitro signaling mechanism involved in the photodynamic action following PDT in various human carcinoma cell lines. The difference of tumor cell death between two modes of action i.e., vascular- and cellular-mediated cell death, were evaluated in order to compare treatments that can efficaciously eradicate tumor in xenografts model. The antivascular effect of PDT was demonstrated in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Tumor therapy based on targeting the vasculature of the tumor is indeed promising as demonstrated in the higher relative regression percentage of treated tumor compared to cellular targeted PDT. The favorable tumor response derived from short drug-light interval mediated PDT was primarily based on the differential uptake of the photosensitizer into tumor-associated vasculature as opposed to the cellular compartments of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Olivo
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, National Cancer Centre, 169610 Singapore.
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Kopman AF, Chin W, Cyriac J. Acceleromyography vs. electromyography: an ipsilateral comparison of the indirectly evoked neuromuscular response to train-of-four stimulation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:316-22. [PMID: 15752395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a considerable body of evidence which suggests that data obtained using acceleromyography (AMG) cannot be used interchangeably with observations obtained by mechanomyographic (MMG) or electromyograhic (EMG) methods. All previous such studies evaluated the responses from contralateral limbs. This investigation was undertaken to determine if these previously described differences were in part a function of observing the responses from opposing limbs. METHODS We compared the ipsilateral EMG and AMG response to an ED(95) bolus of atracurium in 50 subjects. In half of the individuals the thumb was free to move freely; in half, a small elastic preload was applied to the thumb. Train-of-four (TOF) recovery was followed until a TOF ratio >0.90 was recorded by both monitors. Acceleromyography vs. EMG differences and the resultant 95% confidence limits for twitch height (T1) and the TOF ratio were determined. RESULTS When the AMG TOF value had recovered to a value of 0.72 +/- 0.03; the simultaneously evoked EMG value averaged only 0.59 +/- 0.08. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Although the mean difference AMG vs. EMG was little more than 0.10, differences in an individual might be twice that amount. When the AMG TOF value had recovered to 0.90, the simultaneously evoked EMG value averaged 0.85. Again the 95% confidence limits for individual observations was very wide. With EMG, once the TOF ratio returns to a value of 0.70, T1 has returned to 95% of control. In contrast with AMG, return of T1 -95% of control requires a TOF ratio of almost 0.90. Addition of an elastic preload to the thumb decreased control TOF variability without effecting the relationship between twitch height and the TOF ratio. CONCLUSION Acceleromyographic TOF values tend to overestimate the extent of EMG recovery. Acceleromyographic TOF values <0.90 are indicative of incomplete neuromuscular recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Kopman
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Vincent's Hospital Manhattan, New York City, NY 10011, USA.
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Kubin M, Cassiano L, Chalupny J, Chin W, Cosman D, Fanslow W, Müllberg J, Rousseau AM, Ulrich D, Armitage R. ULBP1, 2, 3: novel MHC class I-related molecules that bind to human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein UL16, activate NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:1428-37. [PMID: 11465099 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200105)31:5<1428::aid-immu1428>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New members of the extended MHC class I-like family were identified based on their ability to bind human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein UL16 and/or their mutual homology. Soluble UL16 binding proteins (ULBP) competed with each other for binding to NK cells. Treatment of human and mouse NK cells with ULBP led to increased production of cytokines/chemokines, proliferation, cytotoxic activity and up-regulation of activation-associated surface molecules. The presence of ULBP during the stimulation phase of the CTL assay caused increased cytotoxic activity. Addition of soluble recombinant UL16 protein inhibited the biological activities mediated by ULBP, suggesting the existence of a novel mechanism utilized by CMV to evade elimination by the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kubin
- Department of Immunobiology, Immunex Corporation, Seattle 98101, USA.
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Naito J, Koretsune Y, Sakamoto N, Shutta R, Yoshida J, Yasuoka Y, Yoshida S, Chin W, Kusuoka H, Inoue M. Transmural heterogeneity of myocardial integrated backscatter in diabetic patients without overt cardiac disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001; 52:11-20. [PMID: 11182212 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is important to detect early changes in diabetic myocardium, because some diabetic patients suffer from diabetic cardiomyopathy, especially those with poorer glycemic control or hypertension (HT). To clarify whether ultrasonic tissue characterization can noninvasively detect ultrastructural changes in diabetic myocardium, we analyzed the transmural heterogeneity in myocardial integrated backscatter (THIB) in 20 diabetic patients and 16 normal subjects. THIB was defined as the absolute value of difference of integrated backscatter between the endocardial and epicardial half of the myocardium. THIB in diabetic patients was significantly greater than that in normal subjects. In diabetic patients, there was a significant correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin and THIB, and the greater THIB was shown in patients with HT compared with those without HT. Early changes in the myocardium, related to increased interstitial collagen deposition or other occult cardiomyopathic changes, may be detected on the basis of quantitative analysis of THIB in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Naito
- Cardiovascular Division, Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540, Japan.
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14
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Snell GI, Levvey B, Chin W, Richardson M, Kotsimbos T, Whitford HM, Williams TJ. Sirolimus(rapamycin) allows renal recovery in lung and heart transplant recipients with chronic renal impairment. J Heart Lung Transplant 2001; 20:163-164. [PMID: 11250247 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(00)00297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G I. Snell
- 1Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; 2Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
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15
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Snell GI, Levvey BJ, Chin W, Kotsimbos AT, Whitford H, Williams TJ, Richardson M. Rescue therapy: a role for sirolimus in lung and heart transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1084-5. [PMID: 11267201 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G I Snell
- Lung and Heart Transplant Services, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Australia
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16
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Cosman D, Müllberg J, Sutherland CL, Chin W, Armitage R, Fanslow W, Kubin M, Chalupny NJ. ULBPs, novel MHC class I-related molecules, bind to CMV glycoprotein UL16 and stimulate NK cytotoxicity through the NKG2D receptor. Immunity 2001; 14:123-33. [PMID: 11239445 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein, UL16, binds to two members of a novel family of molecules, the ULBPs, and to the MHC class I homolog, MICB. The ULBPs are GPI-linked glycoproteins belonging to the extended MHC class I family but are only distantly related to MICB. The ULBP and MICB molecules are ligands for the activating receptor, NKG2D/DAP10, and this interaction is blocked by a soluble form of UL16. The ULBPs stimulate cytokine and chemokine production from NK cells, and expression of ULBPs in NK cell-resistant target cells confers susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity. Masking of NK cell recognition of ULBP or MIC antigens by UL16 provides a potential mechanism by which human cytomegalovirus-infected cells might evade attack by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cosman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunex Corporation, 51 University Street, Seattle, WA 98101,
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17
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Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene, which encodes a transformation and growth suppressor, was first identified at the chromosomal translocation break point t(15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (PML). To determine if the PML gene might be involved in other neoplasias such as lung cancer, PML expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. Considerable PML protein expression in the PML-oncogenic domain (POD) structure was found in adenocarcinomas (ADC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the lung, but was almost completely absent in all the small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) examined. In situ hybridization showed that both mRNA and DNA of PML were present in SCLC and in normal lung, suggesting that the decreased protein expression was due to either a defect in translation or protein instability, rather than the consequence of decreased transcription or gene deletion. Double staining showed that PML expression was inversely correlated with the proliferation marker Ki-67 and positively correlated with levels of apoptotic cells in these tumors. To determine if the precursor cells of SCLC, the neuroendocrine-producing cells, express PML, double labeling was performed with PML and chromogranin A, a bio-marker for neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine cells from normal tissues were found to be PML positive, indicating that the lack of PML protein in SCLC is associated with the tumorigenic phenotype and is not the result of cell-lineage specificity. Thus, the decreased PML expression may play an important role in SCLC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Kubin MZ, Parshley DL, Din W, Waugh JY, Davis-Smith T, Smith CA, Macduff BM, Armitage RJ, Chin W, Cassiano L, Borges L, Petersen M, Trinchieri G, Goodwin RG. Molecular cloning and biological characterization of NK cell activation-inducing ligand, a counterstructure for CD48. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:3466-77. [PMID: 10556801 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199911)29:11<3466::aid-immu3466>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using the monoclonal antibody C1.7, which recognizes a signaling, membrane-bound molecule on human NK and a proportion of CD8(+) T cells, we cloned a novel molecule we refer to as NK cell activation-inducing ligand (NAIL). It is a 365-amino acid protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin-like superfamily with closest homology to murine 2B4, and human CD84 and CD48. Using a soluble NAIL-Fc fusion protein, we determined the counterstructure for NAIL, CD48, which it binds with high affinity. Stimulation of human B cells with recombinant NAIL in the presence of a suboptimal concentration of human CD40 ligand or IL-4 resulted in increased proliferation. Treatment of human dendritic cells with soluble NAIL-leucine zipper protein resulted in an increased release of IL-12 and TNF-alpha. Using recombinant CD48 protein, we demonstrated the ability of this molecule to increase NK cell cytotoxicity and induce IFN-gamma production. We also showed that 2B4 binds to mouse CD48, suggesting that interaction of these receptors may play a similar role in both species. Taken together these results indicate that the NAIL-CD48 interaction may be an important mechanism regulating a variety of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Kubin
- Department of Immunobiology, Immunex Corporation, Seattle, USA.
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19
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Huang W, Chan P, Chen Y, Chen C, Liao S, Chin W, Cheng J. Changes of superoxide dismutase in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) by an incubation of vitamin E. Pharmacology 1999; 59:275-82. [PMID: 10529660 DOI: 10.1159/000028330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C as health promotion food is popular recently. Epidemiological studies supported the beneficial effect of these antioxidants because oxygen free radicals have been linked to the process of diseases and aging. The present study evaluated the effect of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) after a short-term (2 days) or long-term (7 days) incubation. Incubation of A7r5 cells with vitamin E at a concentration of 50 micromol/l for 2 days caused an increase of both the activity and mRNA level of SOD. At higher concentrations, such as 100 or 200 micromol/l, vitamin E failed to enhance SOD more effectively. However, after incubation for 7 days, vitamin E caused a decrease in both the activity and mRNA level of SOD in a concentration-dependent manner. Otherwise, the protein amount of SOD remained the same in these samples regardless of the concentration of vitamin E or the duration of incubation. The obtained results suggest that vitamin E can increase the effect of SOD to result in the beneficial influence of this antioxidant only at low concentration under a short-term supplementation because a down-regulation of SOD was observed in cells receiving a long-term incubation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Count
- Cells, Cultured
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Superoxide Dismutase/biosynthesis
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Vitamin E/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- W Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taipei Medical College and affiliated Taipei Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Gu W, Tu Z, Kleyn PW, Kissebah A, Duprat L, Lee J, Chin W, Maruti S, Deng N, Fisher SL, Franco LS, Burn P, Yagaloff KA, Nathan J, Heymsfield S, Albu J, Pi-Sunyer FX, Allison DB. Identification and functional analysis of novel human melanocortin-4 receptor variants. Diabetes 1999; 48:635-9. [PMID: 10078568 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.48.3.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) by gene-targeting results in mice that develop maturity-onset obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. These phenotypes resemble common forms of human obesity, which are late-onset and frequently accompanied by NIDDM. It is not clear whether sequence variation of the MC4-R gene contributes to obesity in humans. Therefore, we examined the human MC4-R gene polymorphism in 190 individuals ascertained on obesity status. Three allelic variants were identified, including two novel ones, Thr112Met and Ile137Thr. To analyze possible functional alterations, the variants were cloned and expressed in vitro and compared with the wild-type receptor. One of the novel variants, Ile137Thr, identified in an extremely obese proband (BMI 57), was found to be severely impaired in ligand binding and signaling, raising the possibility that it may contribute to development of obesity. Furthermore, our results also suggest that sequence polymorphism in the MC4-R coding region is unlikely to be a common cause of obesity in the population studied, given the low frequency of functionally significant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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21
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Walczak H, Miller RE, Ariail K, Gliniak B, Griffith TS, Kubin M, Chin W, Jones J, Woodward A, Le T, Smith C, Smolak P, Goodwin RG, Rauch CT, Schuh JC, Lynch DH. Tumoricidal activity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in vivo. Nat Med 1999; 5:157-63. [PMID: 9930862 DOI: 10.1038/5517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1897] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the utility of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a cancer therapeutic, we created leucine zipper (LZ) forms of human (hu) and murine (mu) TRAIL to promote and stabilize the formation of trimers. Both were biologically active, inducing apoptosis of both human and murine target cells in vitro with similar specific activities. In contrast to the fulminant hepatotoxicity of LZ-huCD95L in vivo, administration of either LZ-huTRAIL or LZ-muTRAIL did not seem toxic to normal tissues of mice. Finally, repeated treatments with LZ-huTRAIL actively suppressed growth of the TRAIL-sensitive human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-231 in CB.17 (SCID) mice, and histologic examination of tumors from SCID mice treated with LZ-huTRAIL demonstrated clear areas of apoptotic necrosis within 9-12 hours of injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Walczak
- Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
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22
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Hosler BA, Sapp PC, Berger R, O'Neill G, Bejaoui K, Hamida MB, Hentati F, Chin W, McKenna-Yasek D, Haines JL, Patterson D, Horvitz HR, Brown RH, Day CB. Refined mapping and characterization of the recessive familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis locus (ALS2) on chromosome 2q33. Neurogenetics 1998; 2:34-42. [PMID: 9933298 DOI: 10.1007/s100480050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative neuromuscular disease that shows familial, autosomal dominant inheritance in 10%-15% of cases. Previous genetic analysis of one large family linked a recessive form of familial ALS (FALS-AR type 3) to the chromosome 2q33-35 region. Using additional polymorphic markers, we have narrowed the size of the linked region to approximately 1.7 cM by linkage and haplotype analysis. We have also established a yeast artificial chromosome contig across the locus that covers an approximate physical distance of 3 million bases. Based on this contig, genes and expressed sequences that map near the 2q33 region have been examined to determine whether they are located within this ALS2 candidate locus. Five identified genes and 34 expressed sequence tags map within the region defined by crossover analysis and merit further consideration as candidate genes for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Hosler
- Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH-East, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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23
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Ike S, Maruyama A, Morita T, Hirooka K, Chin W, Asao M, Hayashi T, Inoue M. [New coronary artery lesions in patients with ischemic heart disease]. J Cardiol 1998; 32:301-6. [PMID: 9864686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of a new coronary artery lesion is important in patients with acute myocardial infarction or late coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, which sometimes lead to cardiac death. We studied coronary angiograms of 1,098 patients with coronary artery disease (from 1985 to 1996) and found new lesions in 94 patients (male 74, female 20; mean age 61.6 years). Mean observation period of all 1,098 patients was 50.1 +/- 30.4 months, and that of patients with new lesions was 73.2 +/- 31.2 months. Clinical findings of the 94 patients were acute myocardial infarction (n = 28), recurrent angina (n = 56), and silent ischemia (n = 10). The appearance of a new coronary lesion was found in 2.4% (1992), 1.9% (1993), 2.3% (1994), 1.7% (1995) of all patients with ischemic heart disease per year. The new lesions were found more often in patients with non-significant stenotic lesions (n = 74) than in patients with lesions of > or = 50% stenosis (n = 20). Complex lesions were found in 56% of the recurrent angina group, and in 22% of the silent ischemia group. In our study, the rate of appearance of new coronary artery lesions was much lower than in Europe or the United States of America. These results require careful consideration for coronary revascularization procedures in Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ike
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka National Hospital
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24
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Chan JY, Chin W, Liew CT, Chang KS, Johnson PJ. Altered expression of the growth and transformation suppressor PML gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas and in hepatitis tissues. Eur J Cancer 1998; 34:1015-22. [PMID: 9849449 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(97)10138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) gene, which encodes a transformation and growth suppressor, was first identified at a chromosomal translocation break point in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. To elucidate if PML may be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the expression of PML was analysed using immunohistochemistry in human HCC and hepatitis tissues. Our studies demonstrated overexpression of PML protein in the PML-oncogenic domain (POD) structure in 50% of HCC (11/22). Enhanced expression and cytoplasmic localisation of PML was associated with cirrhosis. Increased expression of PML was also found in liver abscesses. However, in colon metastasis to the liver, the expression of PML was moderate to low, although strong expression was seen in the surrounding interstitial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, an indication of the inflammation process associated with tumour growth. Most interestingly, strong expression of PML was found in neoplastic cells at the periphery of the tumours, but progressively decreased in cells at the centre of the tumours, which may be associated with an altered transform phenotype or apoptosis. The altered expression of PML indicates that this nuclear protein may play an important role in cellular response to stress and inflammation, as well as in compensatory cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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25
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Greenstein SM, Kim D, Principe A, Ong E, Chin W, Glicklich D, Schechner R, Tellis V. Renal transplantation in a heterogeneous population: the thirty-year Montefiore Medical Center experience. Clin Transpl 1998:187-93. [PMID: 10503097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on more than 30 years of renal transplantation experience at Montefiore Medical Center we conclude: 1. Improved patient and graft survival can be achieved in the cadaveric transplant recipient despite increasing co-morbidities. 2. Patients at the extremes of age (< 10 or > 60) can undergo renal transplantation safely, with patient and graft survival rates approaching those of the general recipient population. 3. Results of transplantation in African-Americans are as good as non African-Americans at 3 years. Beyond that point the graft survival curves diverge. Well matched (0-1 HLA mismatches) kidneys in the African-American patient do as well if not better than other ethnic groups. However, African-Americans do not receive as many well matched kidneys as others.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Greenstein
- Montefiore Medical Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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26
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Nakamura M, Suzuki T, Matsubara T, Kobayashi T, Muramatsu T, Asakura Y, Chin W, Nishikawa H, Takayama M, Yamaguchi T. Results of cutting balloon angioplasty for stent restenosis. Japanese multicenter registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)81663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the results of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for severe emphysema in Australia. SETTING A tertiary teaching hospital. DESIGN A prospective study of a consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS 20 patients (mean age, 56 years) with severe emphysema--mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 0.72 L (28% of predicted) and severe gas trapping (mean residual volume, 286% of predicted). INTERVENTION Bilateral apical LVRS was performed via a median sternotomy with a linear stapler; bovine pericardial strips were used to reinforce the staple line. RESULTS There was a 95% survival, and a mean (range) inpatient stay of 17 (8-45) days. No complications occurred in nine patients; a further six patients had only minor complications. Five patients had major complications (sputum retention requiring reintubation, persistent air leak requiring reoperation, duodenal perforation, and epidural haemorrhage); one patient died from multiorgan failure at 28 days. Intercostal drainage was left in situ for a mean of eight days. The results of FEV1, Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnoea Score and six-minute walk test improved in more than 90% of patients. FEV1 improved an average of 0.35 L (54% over baseline) (P < 0.001). Mean MRC Dyspnoea Score decreased from 3.4 to 2.1 (P < 0.001). Mean distance for the six-minute walk test increased from 306 to 431 metres (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our experience confirms that LVRS produces worthwhile early outcomes for a subgroup of patients with severe emphysema. The clinical, economic and ethical questions raised by this new therapy will need to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Snell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
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28
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Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus UL18 gene product is a homolog of cellular major histocompatibility (MHC) class I antigens. UL18 has been proposed to protect virus-infected cells against natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity by engaging NK cell killer inhibitory receptors (KIR) for MHC class I. UL18 binds to a novel immunoglobulin superfamily glycoprotein, designated Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (LIR-1). This protein is distinct from, but related to, known KIRs and binds cellular MHC class I antigens. The cytoplasmic domain of LIR-1 contains four putative immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. Upon tyrosine phosphorylation, LIR-1 associates with the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. In contrast to KIRs, LIR-1 is expressed predominantly on monocytic and B lymphoid cell types, suggesting a distinct biological function.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- COS Cells
- Capsid/metabolism
- Capsid Proteins
- Cattle
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/immunology
- Immunoglobulins/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Virus/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Simplexvirus/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cosman
- Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.
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29
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Cudkowicz ME, McKenna-Yasek D, Sapp PE, Chin W, Geller B, Hayden DL, Schoenfeld DA, Hosler BA, Horvitz HR, Brown RH. Epidemiology of mutations in superoxide dismutase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1997; 41:210-21. [PMID: 9029070 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410410212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We registered 366 families in a study of dominantly inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Two hundred ninety families were screened for mutations in the gene encoding copper-zinc cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Mutations were detected in 68 families. The most common SOD1 mutation is an alanine for valine substitution in codon 4 (50%). We present clinical and genetic data concerning 112 families with 395 affected individuals. The clinical characteristics of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis arising from SOD1 mutations are similar to those lacking SOD1 defects. Mean age at onset was earlier (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.004) in the SOD1 group (46.9 years [standard deviation, 12.5] vs 50.5 years [11.5] in the non-SOD1 group). Bulbar onset was associated with a later onset age. The presence of either of two mutations, G37R and L38V, predicted an earlier age at onset. Kaplan-Meier plots demonstrated shorter survival in the SOD1 group compared with the non-SOD1 group at early survival times (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.0007). The presence of one mutation, A4V, correlated with shorter survival. G37R, G41D, and G93C mutations predicted longer survival. This information suggests it will be productive to investigate other genetic determinants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and to use epidemiological characteristics of the disease to help discern molecular mechanisms of motor neuron cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cudkowicz
- Day Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown, USA
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30
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Hosler BA, Nicholson GA, Sapp PC, Chin W, Orrell RW, de Belleroche JS, Esteban J, Hayward LJ, Mckenna-Yasek D, Yeung L, Cherryson AK, Dench JE, Wilton SD, Laing NG, Horvitz HR, Brown RH. Three novel mutations and two variants in the gene for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuromuscul Disord 1996; 6:361-6. [PMID: 8938700 DOI: 10.1016/0960-8966(96)00353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant inheritance is exhibited by about 10% of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a paralytic disorder characterized by the death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. A subgroup of these familial cases are linked to mutations in the gene which codes for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). We report three additional mutations occurring in the SOD1 gene in ALS patients and two single base pair variant changes. The single base pair change in an ALS family causes a glycine 93 to valine substitution, which is the fifth distinct amino acid change reported for the glycine 93 residue. One missense mutation in exon 5 would substitute neutral valine for the negatively-charged aspartate 124 (aspartate 124 to valine). An individual with an apparently sporadic case of ALS carries a three base pair deletion in exon 5 of the SOD1 gene. These three mutations bring to 38 the total number of distinct SOD1 mutations associated with familial ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Hosler
- Cecil B. Day Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA
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Chin W, Asao M, Hayashi T, Kurata A, Inoue M. [Synovial sarcoma of the heart]. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1996:233-236. [PMID: 9047840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Chin
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka National Hospital
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Kastner P, Mark M, Leid M, Gansmuller A, Chin W, Grondona JM, Décimo D, Krezel W, Dierich A, Chambon P. Abnormal spermatogenesis in RXR beta mutant mice. Genes Dev 1996; 10:80-92. [PMID: 8557197 DOI: 10.1101/gad.10.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have generated mouse lines in which the RXR beta gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. Approximately 50% of the RXR beta homozygous mutants died before or at birth, but those that survived appeared normal except that the males were sterile, owing to oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. Failure of spermatid release occurred within the germinal epithelium, and the epididymis contained very few spermatozoa that, in addition, exhibited abnormal acrosomes and tails. There was a progressive accumulation of lipids within the mutant Sertoli cells, which were histochemically characterized as unsaturated triglycerides. In old mutant males, progressive degeneration of the germinal epithelium occurred, ending with the formation of acellular lipid-filled tubules. The selective expression of RXR beta in Sertoli cells, together with the timing of appearance of the histological abnormalities, suggests that the primary defect resulting from the mutation resides in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kastner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur (ULP), Collège de France, Illkirch, France
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Casas F, Chin W, Grebogi C, Ott E. Universal grazing bifurcations in impact oscillators. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 53:134-139. [PMID: 9964242 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Chin W, Ott E, Nusse HE, Grebogi C. Grazing bifurcations in impact oscillators. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 50:4427-4444. [PMID: 9962524 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Massie BM, Szlachcic Y, Tubau JF, O'Kelly BF, Ammon S, Chin W. Scintigraphic and electrocardiographic evidence of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic hypertension: a case-control study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22:1598-606. [PMID: 8227826 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90583-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine the incidence of physiologically significant coronary artery disease in a group of asymptomatic high risk men with essential hypertension and to assess the validity of noninvasive tests in a subset of these patients undergoing coronary arteriography. METHODS Two hundred twenty-six asymptomatic men (mean age 61 +/- 8 years) with essential hypertension and no clinical evidence of coronary artery disease but with at least one additional coronary risk factor were studied prospectively. Fifty age- and risk factor-matched normotensive subjects were evaluated as a control group. After a minimum of 4 days without medication, subjects underwent stress thallium-201 scintigraphy, exercise and 48-h ambulatory electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Coronary angiography was performed in a subset of 34 (40%) of 84 patients with one or more positive test results. RESULTS A positive thallium-201 scintigram (18% vs. 6%; odds ratio 3.4, confidence interval 0.95 to 10.8, p = 0.056), exercise electrocardiograms (ECGs) (37% vs. 13%; odds ratio 4.1, confidence interval 1.5 to 11.2, p < 0.003) and ambulatory ECG (15% vs. 0%, p < 0.05) were more common in the hypertensive group than in the control group. In the cohort undergoing coronary angiography, thallium-201 scintigraphy was both sensitive and specific for epicardial atherosclerotic coronary disease (90% and 79%, respectively), but positive exercise and ambulatory ECGs occurred frequently in the absence of significant coronary stenoses. In the 39% of hypertensive patients who had mild to moderate left ventricular hypertrophy, positive exercise and ambulatory ECGs occurred at a higher rate. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that physiologically significant coronary artery disease occurs more frequently in asymptomatic hypertensive men than in comparable normotensive control subjects. In the subgroup undergoing coronary arteriography, reversible scintigraphic defects were both sensitive and specific for diagnosing epicardial coronary artery disease, but exercise and ambulatory ECGs appeared to yield frequent false positive results, especially when left ventricular hypertrophy was present. These results indicate that patients with "silent" coronary artery disease can be identified among high risk hypertensive patients, but the appropriate application of such screening in clinical practice remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Massie
- Department of Medicine, University of California
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Abstract
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a potent hepatotoxicant in the rat, but the mechanism by which it lethally injures hepatocytes is not known. NDMA is metabolized in the liver to the methanediazonium ion that methylates hepatic DNA. Neither N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA) nor methylnitrosourea (MNU) produces liver tumors, but via metabolism in the case of NMBzA, or via spontaneous decomposition at physiological pH in the case of MNU, both compounds produce the methanediazonium ion and methylate hepatic DNA. Here we have compared quantitatively the ability of NDMA, NMBzA, and MNU to cause lethal injury to hepatocytes in vivo and to produce O6-methylguanine in hepatic DNA. Neither NMBzA nor MNU produced hepatotoxicity in the rat even at doses as high as 667 mumol/kg body wt for NMBzA and 971 mumol/kg body wt for MNU. NMBzA given at the same time as NDMA potentiated the hepatotoxicity of NDMA, but O6-methylguanine levels were only additive. MNU did not potentiate the hepatotoxicity of NDMA, but again, the O6-methylguanine levels were additive when NDMA and MNU were administered together. These results appear to rule out the involvement of DNA methylation in lethal hepatocyte injury by NDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario Cancer Institute, Canada
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Abernethy NJ, Chin W, Hay JB, Rodela H, Oreopoulos D, Johnston MG. Lymphatic removal of dialysate from the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized sheep. Kidney Int 1991; 40:174-81. [PMID: 1942765 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1991.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several investigators have suggested that the lymphatic circulation reduces ultrafiltration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The purpose of this study was to assess lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity directly in anesthetized sheep under dialysis conditions. Lymph was collected from the caudal mediastinal lymph node and the thoracic duct, both of which are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the ovine peritoneal cavity, and from the prescapular lymph node, which is not involved in peritoneal lymphatic drainage. Fifty ml/kg volumes of a mildly hypertonic dialysis solution (Dianeal 1.5%) containing 25 microCi 125I-human serum albumin were instilled into the peritoneal cavity, and lymph flows and the appearance of labeled protein in the lymphatic and vascular compartments were monitored for six hours. Following the instillation of dialysis fluid there was a tendency for lymph flow rates from the thoracic duct to increase but these changes were not significant. However, flow rates from the caudal lymphatic demonstrated significant increases, especially in the final three hours of the monitoring period. Only about 8% of the radiolabeled albumin was removed from the peritoneal cavity over six hours (that is, 92% was left in the peritoneal space). Of the albumin removed, approximately 17% of this was drained by abdominal visceral lymphatics into the thoracic duct. About 25% passed through the diaphragm into the caudal mediastinal lymph node and into efferent lymph. Since the efferent lymphatic duct of the caudal mediastinal node empties directly into the thoracic duct, about 42% of all protein removed from the peritoneal cavity of the sheep was ultimately transported to the thoracic duct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Abernethy
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dai WD, Lee V, Chin W, Cooper DP, Archer MC, O'Connor PJ. DNA methylation in specific cells of rat liver by N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine. Carcinogenesis 1991; 12:1325-9. [PMID: 2070499 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/12.7.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dose-response curves for the O6-methylation of guanine in the hepatic DNA of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats were determined after administration of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA) or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Similar results were obtained for both rat strains but methylation of hepatic DNA by NDMA was approximately 9-fold more efficient than with NMBzA when doses were compared on a molar basis. Comparison by immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of nuclei containing O6-methylguanine within the liver lobules showed that both agents tended to alkylate cells close to the central veins at the lower doses. With increasing doses, the band width of alkylated cells around the central vein increased, spreading in the case of NDMA virtually into the portal zones, whereas with NMBzA the zone of alkylated nuclei reached little more than halfway from the central vein to the portal zone. These differences in the distribution of alkylated cells may explain the differing hepatic responses to these two nitrosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Dai
- Cancer Research Campaign Section of Carcinogenesis, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity has been investigated in anesthetized sheep. Studies involving intraperitoneal administration of a complex of Evans blue dye and bovine serum albumin demonstrated the existence of three anatomically distinct pathways. In the first pathway, dye is removed from the peritoneal cavity by diaphragmatic lymphatics that pass into caudal sternal lymph nodes. Efferent lymphatics from these nodes transport the material to cranial sternal lymph nodes. Efferent cranial sternal lymphatics then convey the material either directly or indirectly, via tracheal lymphatic trunks, to the right lymph duct. In the second pathway, the complex is transported from the peritoneal cavity by diaphragmatic lymphatics that pass into the caudal mediastinal lymph node. Efferent lymphatic ducts from this node transport the material to the thoracic duct. The third pathway appears to involve transport of the dye across the mesothelial lining of the abdominal viscera and removal from the interstitium by afferent visceral lymphatics. Material taken up in this manner is ultimately transported to the thoracic duct by efferent visceral lymphatics. Experiments involving measurements of lymphatic absorption of 125I-labeled human serum albumin from the peritoneal cavity indicated that, over the 6-h period studied, 4.55 +/- 1.20 and 1.43 +/- 0.56% of the injected tracer could be recovered in thoracic duct lymph and caudal mediastinal efferent lymph, respectively, and the sum of these values represented 26% of the recovered radioactivity. On the other hand, 16.95 +/- 6.93% of the injected radioactivity could be found in the blood over the same period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Abernethy
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Catz-Biro L, Chin W, Archer MC, Pollanen MS, Hayes MA. Toxicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1990; 102:191-4. [PMID: 2296769 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(90)90096-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N-Nitrosodimethylamine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine were shown to injure lethally primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes only after incubation periods in excess of 24 hr. The toxic action of these agents, therefore, mimics the time dependency of their hepatoxicity in vivo. The viability of hepatocytes treated with N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine was not different from controls at times up to 54 hr following treatment, a result which is also consistent with the inability of this compound to produce hepatotoxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Catz-Biro
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Three patients referred for peripheral vascular surgery who died of coronary artery disease complications despite normal dipyridamole-thallium scans are discussed. Although recent literature has shown enthusiasm for this test in this clinical setting, the dipyridamole-thallium scans are not absolute and patients remain at risk for major coronary artery events. Careful clinical screening and awareness of the signs of left main coronary disease on thallium images are important in the evaluation of these patients.
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Abstract
T and B cells continually migrate around the body by recirculating between blood and lymph via lymphoid tissues. This is an important way of fostering the cell-cell interactions required for the initiation of an immune response. Data from previous studies of T and B cell recirculation, based on relatively complex approaches, have been interpreted as evidence that the recirculation of B cells is more sluggish than for T cells. We have shown from a study in sheep that this is not the case. Lymphocyte migration through both the intestine and the prescapular lymph node was analyzed by cannulating efferent lymphatics. The lymph cells were labeled in vitro with Hoechst 33342, or other fluorochromes, then injected i.v., and the rate of their recirculation into the lymph was determined by fluorescence microscopy. A multicolor immunofluorescence assay was used to classify each recirculated cell as either a T or B cell. This established that the T and B cells from intestinal lymph and from prescapular lymph recirculate with similar kinetics. The recovery of i.v. injected T and B cells was the same in prescapular lymph, but fewer injected B cells than T cells were recovered in intestinal lymph. Thus, although the recirculation kinetics are the same for T and B cells, the two populations are handled differently in intestinal tissues and a lymph node remote from the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Reynolds
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
A prostatic tumor removed suprapubically in a sixty-three-year-old man was found to be a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Various aspects of prostatic sarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytomas are considered.
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Abernethy NJ, Chin W, Lyons H, Hay JB. A dual laser analysis of the migration of XRITC-labeled, FITC-labeled, and double-labeled lymphocytes in sheep. Cytometry 1985; 6:407-13. [PMID: 3930188 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.990060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Substituted rhodamine isothiocyanate (XRITC) has been used to study lymphocyte migration in sheep. After being labeled in vitro with XRITC, lymphocytes appeared in the efferent lymph of single lymph nodes with the same kinetics as cells labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The recovery of intravenously injected XRITC-labeled cells was followed in lymph for several days. The kinetics and recoveries were compared with data obtained using FITC, chromium-51, and indium-111. XRITC was found to be a suitable label and, using dual laser (argon and krypton) flow cytometry, it could be analyzed simultaneously with FITC. In addition, it was possible to relabel FITC-stained cells with XRITC after they were recovered in lymph. The migratory characteristics of such double-labeled cells were not different from single-labeled cells.
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Guo SC, Collins WE, Campbell CC, Chin W. Plasmodium fragile: inhibition of cultures by serum from rhesus monkeys immunized with homologous parasites. Exp Parasitol 1984; 58:156-62. [PMID: 6479287 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(84)90031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, that had previously been immunized with the Nilgiri strain of Plasmodium fragile grown in culture, together with control monkeys with and without inoculation of Freund's adjuvant, were challenged with cultured parasites. After treatment with chloroquine, the monkeys were rechallenged. Serum specimens from three immunized monkeys caused a specific, dose-dependent inhibition of parasite growth in culture. Fifty percent inhibition of in vitro growth was obtained using 5% immune serum combined with 10% normal rhesus serum. The specific inhibitory component of immune serum was shown to be IgG antibody. Results of the study demonstrated that there is good correlation between the inhibitory activity of immune serum, parasite growth in vitro, the in vivo response to challenge, and the indirect fluorescent antibody titer.
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Schwartz IK, Chin W, Newman J, Roberts JM. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Southeast Asian refugees entering the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1984; 33:182-4. [PMID: 6696177 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited disorder of red blood cell metabolism. Affected individuals may suffer a severe hemolytic crisis when treated with primaquine, an antimalarial. A survey of 966 male Southeast Asian refugees determined that 50 (5.2%) were G6PD-deficient. This prevalence suggests that a G6PD assay should be performed prior to primaquine therapy in this high-risk population.
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Chin W, Campbell CC, Collins WE, Roberts JM. Plasmodium inui and Babesia microti infections in the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1983; 32:691-3. [PMID: 6881416 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1983.32.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The course of Plasmodium inui and Babesia microti infections was studied in seven splenectomized squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) of Guyanan or Bolivian origin. Three of the monkeys were infected with P. inui either by the inoculations of parasitized blood or by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The remaining four monkeys were infected by the inoculation of parasitized blood, containing P. inui and B. microti in three and with B. microti only in one. The infection in all seven animals was severe, terminating fatally.
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Campbell CC, Collins WE, Chin W, Roberts JM, Broderson JR. Studies of the Sal I strain of Plasmodium vivax in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). J Parasitol 1983; 69:598-601. [PMID: 6355425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sal I strain of Plasmodium vivax was successfully adapted to three phenotypes of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus. Through five linear blood passages, parasitemias in excess of 200,000/mm3 blood were attained; Bolivian phenotype Saimiri appear to develop higher peak parasitemias. Sporozoites of the Sal I strain inoculated intravenously produced patent parasitemias in all five squirrel monkeys challenged, with prepatent periods ranging from 21 to 38 days. Anopheles freeborni and An. gambiae were the most susceptible of eight anopheline species fed on infected squirrel monkeys. As a model for in vivo studies of P. vivax the Sal I strain in Saimiri has great potential.
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Abstract
A field kit has been developed which greatly simplifies the performance of the 48-hour in vitro test for drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. The kit uses an easily reconstituted lyophilized culture medium, and requires only a fingerprick blood sample. In parallel tests with 13 isolates of P. falciparum in Haiti, the new technique had a success rate equal to that of the previously described method, with comparable results in terms of parasite susceptibility in vitro to chloroquine and pyrimethamine.
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Abstract
Plasmodium gonderi, one of the vivax-type simian parasites, has been cultured in vitro by the candle jar method and by the sealed flask method. It showed a 48-hour asexual cycle and maintained its morphologic integrity. The effect of different sera (human, rabbit, and horse) was tested in culture and compared with results using rhesus serum. Growth was lower in rabbit and horse serum, but higher in human serum. Compared with individual human and rhesus serum, the multiplication rate in combined rhesus and human sera (1:1) was greater. In addition, human erythrocytes proved refractory to invasion by P. gonderi in vitro.
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