1
|
Aulakh A, Parker B, Sullivan B, Recsky M, Oliveira C, Richardson W, Hirschkorn P, Perini R, Bak A. A111 CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES BETWEEN WATER EXCHANGE AND AIR INSUFFLATION USING NON-SEDATED EXTENDED FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY FOR AVERAGE RISK COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991151 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is Canada's third most common cancer type and represents approximately 11% of all cancer deaths. While sedated colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) continues to be considered for CRC screening, these modalities have limitations and risks. Another unevaluated screening modality, known as an extended FS (EFS), attempts to capitalize on the benefits of a FS while minimizing the risks involved with a sedated colonoscopy. EFS provides a scope-based examination up to the splenic flexure and then attempts to examine beyond, often to the point of the caecum. Providing the option for EFS may produce improvements in the patient experience and performance, which may improve the feasibility of using scope-based screening more broadly in screening programs. Purpose To determine the extent non-sedated EFS using the water exchange method (WE) is associated with a complete colon examination compared to the traditional air insufflation (AI) method using CO2 in an average-risk screening population. Method This randomized control trial included 90 non-sedated participants, screened by trained general surgery and gastroenterology clinicians at Kelowna General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada, using two different scope insufflation techniques, WE and AI. The primary outcome of interest was the cecal intubation rates (CIR), while secondary outcomes included the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and reported pain scores. Other metrics, such as patient satisfaction rates, sessile serrated adenoma detection rates (SSADR), and serrated lesion detection rates (SLDR) were also recorded. Result(s) The demographic characteristics between the WE and AI groups were statistically similar, with the mean age of participants being 58 and 57, respectively. During the study period, four endoscopists performed the EFS. There were higher initial satisfaction rates in the WE group vs the AI (95% vs 77%, satisfaction of ≥ 9/10 p = 0.028). CIR and ADR were similar between the WE and AI group (CIR = 93% vs 91%, p = 0.710), (ADR = 40% vs 34%, p = 0.660). The SSADR and SLDR were also similar between the WE and AI group (SSADR = 21% vs 14%, p = 0.408), (SLDR = 42% vs 36%, p = 0.528). Conclusion(s) EFS without sedation using either technique exceeds quality benchmarks recommended for sedated screening colonoscopy while maintaining adequate patient safety and comfort. The WE method optimizes a patient's overall experience making a strategy of average risk colorectal cancer screening with non-sedated WE EFS feasible. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CAG, Other Please indicate your source of funding; Kelowna General Hospital, Interior Health Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Aulakh
- Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia
| | - B Parker
- Medicine , The Kelowna General Hospital , Kelowna,Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver
| | - B Sullivan
- Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia,Division of General Surgery, The Kelowna General Hospital , Kelowna
| | - M Recsky
- Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia,Division of General Surgery, The Kelowna General Hospital , Kelowna
| | - C Oliveira
- Medicine , The Kelowna General Hospital , Kelowna
| | - W Richardson
- Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia , Victoria
| | | | - R Perini
- Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia,Division of Gastroenterology, The Kelowna General Hospital , Kelowna, Canada
| | - A Bak
- Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia,Division of Gastroenterology, The Kelowna General Hospital , Kelowna, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Greaves GE, Yee B, Harding KG, Nguyen VC, Parker B, Perren J, Richardson W, Bak AW, Perini R, Jowhari F, Tai T. A95 OUTCOMES OF ERCP UNDER CONSCIOUS SEDATION COMPARED TO GENERAL ANESTHESIA: A PRE-POST RETROSPECTIVE COHORT REVIEW. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to address pathologies of the pancreatic and biliary systems. ERCP performed under conscious sedation (CS) is the current standard of care but is limited by patient movement and agitation, especially in the context of lengthy or technically complex cases. Recent literature suggests that general anesthesia (GA) may optimize patient comfort and safety while reducing complications such as pancreatitis, perforation, and mortality. In October 2017, Kelowna General Hospital (KGH) transitioned the standard anesthesia modality for ERCP from CS to GA.
Aims
To investigate differences in complications and patient outcomes for ERCP performed under CS (n=1334) before the practice change compared to GA (n=899) after the practice change.
Methods
Our study is a pre-post retrospective chart review of 2,233 patients who underwent ERCP between 2015 and 2020 at KGH. Demographic, clinical, procedural and outcome data were extracted from patient charts, and the data in CS and GA groups were compared using univariate statistical analysis.
Results
Preliminary results show rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis (6% vs. 4%; p=0.018) and rates of procedure failure (8% vs. 3%; p<0.001) were statistically significant and higher under CS before the practice change compared to under GA afterwards, respectively. The 30-day mortality rates, ICU transfer rates, return rates post-discharge, and rates of cholangitis were similar.
Our study showed improvements in several patient safety outcomes, including lower procedure failure rates and lower post-ERCP pancreatitis rates with ERCP performed under GA compared to CS.
Conclusions
Performing ERCP under GA rather than under CS is a valuable practice change that should be considered by ERCP-related programs across all health authorities due to its potential to optimize both patient comfort and safety significantly. The reduction in complication rates may have implications for net cost savings in the long term.
Funding Agencies
Kelowna General Hospital Foundation, Interior Health
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Greaves
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Yee
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K G Harding
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - V C Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Parker
- Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - J Perren
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W Richardson
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A W Bak
- Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - R Perini
- Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - F Jowhari
- Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - T Tai
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sandoz E, Campbell J, Copell R, Gamble M, Garnos H, Lieberman E, Parfait B, Richardson W, Sanders M, Sandoz E, Sease T, Vaidya J, Volchko H. Beyond “Yes Means Yes”: A Behavioral Conceptualization of Affirmative Sexual Consent. Behav Soc Iss 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42822-021-00066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Wilkinson DC, Alva‐Ornelas JA, Sucre JM, Vijayaraj P, Durra A, Richardson W, Jonas SJ, Paul MK, Karumbayaram S, Dunn B, Gomperts BN. Development of a Three-Dimensional Bioengineering Technology to Generate Lung Tissue for Personalized Disease Modeling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:622-633. [PMID: 28191779 PMCID: PMC5442826 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technologies, especially patient‐specific, induced stem cell pluripotency and directed differentiation, hold great promise for changing the landscape of medical therapies. Proper exploitation of these methods may lead to personalized organ transplants, but to regenerate organs, it is necessary to develop methods for assembling differentiated cells into functional, organ‐level tissues. The generation of three‐dimensional human tissue models also holds potential for medical advances in disease modeling, as full organ functionality may not be necessary to recapitulate disease pathophysiology. This is specifically true of lung diseases where animal models often do not recapitulate human disease. Here, we present a method for the generation of self‐assembled human lung tissue and its potential for disease modeling and drug discovery for lung diseases characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Tissue formation occurs because of the overlapping processes of cellular adhesion to multiple alveolar sac templates, bioreactor rotation, and cellular contraction. Addition of transforming growth factor‐β1 to single cell‐type mesenchymal organoids resulted in morphologic scarring typical of that seen in IPF but not in two‐dimensional IPF fibroblast cultures. Furthermore, this lung organoid may be modified to contain multiple lung cell types assembled into the correct anatomical location, thereby allowing cell‐cell contact and recapitulating the lung microenvironment. Our bottom‐up approach for synthesizing patient‐specific lung tissue in a scalable system allows for the development of relevant human lung disease models with the potential for high throughput drug screening to identify targeted therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:622–633
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan C. Wilkinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jackelyn A. Alva‐Ornelas
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer M.S. Sucre
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Preethi Vijayaraj
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abdo Durra
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wade Richardson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Manash K. Paul
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saravanan Karumbayaram
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brigitte N. Gomperts
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richardson W, Wilkinson D, Wu L, Petrigliano F, Dunn B, Evseenko D. Ensemble multivariate analysis to improve identification of articular cartilage disease in noisy Raman spectra. J Biophotonics 2015; 8:555-566. [PMID: 25264131 PMCID: PMC4472573 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of new methods for the early diagnosis of cartilage disease could offer significant improvement in patient care. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging biomedical technology with unique potential to recognize disease tissues, though difficulty in obtaining the samples needed to train a diagnostic and excessive signal noise could slow its development into a clinical tool. In the current report we detail the use of principal component analysis--linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) on spectra from pairs of materials modeling cartilage disease to create multiple spectral scoring metrics, which could limit the reliance on primary training data for identifying disease in low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) Raman spectra. Our proof-of-concept experiments show that combinations of these model-metrics has the potential to improve the classification of low-SNR Raman spectra from human normal and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage over a single metric trained with spectra from the same healthy and OA tissues. Scatter plot showing the PCA-LDA derived human-disease-metric scores versus rat-model-metric scores for 7656 low signal-to-noise spectra from healthy (blue) and osteoarthritic (red) cartilage. Light vertical and horizontal lines represent the optimized single metric classification boundary. Dark diagonal line represents the classification of boundary resulting from the optimized combination of the two metrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wade Richardson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Dan Wilkinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Frank Petrigliano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles.
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jonas SJ, Stieg AZ, Richardson W, Guo S, Powers DN, Wohlschlegel J, Dunn B. Protein Adsorption Alters Hydrophobic Surfaces Used for Suspension Culture of Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:388-93. [PMID: 26261952 PMCID: PMC4601806 DOI: 10.1021/jz502520r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Letter examines the physical and chemical changes that occur at the interface of methyl-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) after exposure to cell culture media used to derive embryoid bodies (EBs) from pluripotent stem cells. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of the SAMs indicates that protein components within the EB cell culture medium preferentially adsorb at the hydrophobic interface. In addition, we examined the adsorption process using surface plasmon resonance and atomic force microscopy. These studies identify the formation of a porous, mat-like adsorbed protein film with an approximate thickness of 2.5 nm. Captive bubble contact angle analysis reveals a shift toward superhydrophilic wetting behavior at the cell culture interface due to adsorption of these proteins. These results show how EBs are able to remain in suspension when derived on hydrophobic materials, which carries implications for the rational design of suspension culture interfaces for lineage specific stem-cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Jonas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Adam Z. Stieg
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Wade Richardson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - David N. Powers
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 615 Charles East Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - James Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 615 Charles East Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, 615 Charles East Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Richardson W. Benjamin Peter Richardson. Assoc Med J 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
8
|
Tolstyka ZP, Richardson W, Bat E, Stevens CJ, Parra DP, Dozier JK, Distefano MD, Dunn B, Maynard HD. Chemoselective immobilization of proteins by microcontact printing and bio-orthogonal click reactions. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2464-71. [PMID: 24166802 PMCID: PMC3962834 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a combination of microcontact printing of functionalized alkanethiols and site-specific modification of proteins is utilized to chemoselectively immobilize proteins onto gold surfaces, either by oxime- or copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide click chemistry. Two molecules capable of click reactions were synthesized, an aminooxy-functionalized alkanethiol and an azide-functionalized alkanethiol, and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation on gold was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The alkanethiols were then individually patterned onto gold surfaces by microcontact printing. Site-specifically modified proteins-horse heart myoglobin (HHMb) containing an N-terminal α-oxoamide and a red fluorescent protein (mCherry-CVIA) with a C-terminal alkyne-were immobilized by incubation onto respective stamped functionalized alkanethiol patterns. Pattern formation was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Tolstyka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wade Richardson
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Erhan Bat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Caitlin J. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dayanara P. Parra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Dozier
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street S. E. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street S. E. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce Dunn
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evseenko D, Latour B, Richardson W, Corselli M, Sahaghian A, Cardinal S, Zhu Y, Chan R, Dunn B, Crooks GM. Lysophosphatidic acid mediates myeloid differentiation within the human bone marrow microenvironment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63718. [PMID: 23696850 PMCID: PMC3655943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic phospholipid present in the blood and certain tissues at high concentrations; its diverse effects are mediated through differential, tissue specific expression of LPA receptors. Our goal was to determine if LPA exerts lineage-specific effects during normal human hematopoiesis. In vitro stimulation of CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitors by LPA induced myeloid differentiation but had no effect on lymphoid differentiation. LPA receptors were expressed at significantly higher levels on Common Myeloid Progenitors (CMP) than either multipotent Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPC) or Common Lymphoid Progenitors (CLP) suggesting that LPA acts on committed myeloid progenitors. Functional studies demonstrated that LPA enhanced migration, induced cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis of isolated CMP, but had no effect on either HSPC or CLP. Analysis of adult and fetal human bone marrow sections showed that PPAP2A, (the enzyme which degrades LPA) was highly expressed in the osteoblastic niche but not in the perivascular regions, whereas Autotaxin (the enzyme that synthesizes LPA) was expressed in perivascular regions of the marrow. We propose that a gradient of LPA with the highest levels in peri-sinusoidal regions and lowest near the endosteal zone, regulates the localization, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors within the bone marrow marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Evseenko
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jonas SJ, Alva JA, Richardson W, Sherman SP, Galic Z, Pyle AD, Dunn B. A spatially and chemically defined platform for the uniform growth of human pluripotent stem cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2012; 33:234-41. [PMID: 25428067 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a chemically defined platform engineered for the culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that supports the long-term maintenance of self-renewing hPSC populations in a more uniform manner than standard culture systems. Microcontact printing (μCP) of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was used to spatially direct hPSC adherence. This technique not only establishes control over hPSC colony size and shape but also preserves genetic stability and provides unprecedented uniformity in the pluripotency of hPSC populations that is quantitatively assessed in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Jonas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jackelyn A Alva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wade Richardson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sean P Sherman
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zoran Galic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - April D Pyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Klein F, Seeger W, Wilde A, Roska B, Richardson W, Voswinckel R. Lineage differentiation of pulmonary alveolar fibroblasts. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
12
|
Shamji M, Moon ES, Glennie R, Soroceanu A, Lin C, Bailey C, Simmonds A, Fehlings M, Dodwell E, Dold A, El-Hawary R, Hashem M, Dold A, Dold A, Jones S, Bailey C, Karadimas S, Whitehurst D, Norton J, Norton J, Manson N, Kesani A, Bednar D, Lundine K, Hartig D, Fichadi A, Fehlings M, Kim S, Harris S, Lin C, Gill J, Abraham E, Shamji M, Choi S, Goldstein C, Wang Z, McCabe M, Noonan V, Nadeau M, Ferrara S, Kelly A, Melnyk A, Arora D, Quateen A, Dea N, Ranganathan A, Zhang Y, Casha S, Rajamanickam K, Santos A, Santos A, Wilson J, Wilson J, Street J, Wilson J, Lewis R, Noonan V, Street J, El-Hawary R, Egge N, Lin C, Schouten R, Lin C, Kim A, Kwon B, Huang E, Hwang P, Allen K, Jing L, Mata B, Gabr M, Richardson W, Setton L, Karadimas S, Fehlings M, Fleming J, Bailey C, Gurr K, Bailey S, Siddiqi F, Lawendy A, Sanders D, Staudt M, Canacari E, Brown E, Robinson A, McGuire K, Chrysostoum C, Rampersaud YR, Dvorak M, Thomas K, Boyd M, Gurr K, Bailey S, Nadeau M, Fisher C, Batke J, Street J, Boyd M, Dvorak M, Fisher C, Kwon B, Paquette S, Vaccaro A, Chapman J, Arnold P, Shaffrey C, Kopjar B, Snyder B, Wright J, Lewis S, Zeller R, El-Hawary R, Moroz P, Bacon S, Jarzem P, Hedden D, Howard J, Sturm P, Cahill P, Samdani A, Vitale M, Gabos P, Bodin N, d’Amato C, Harris C, Smith J, Parent E, Hill D, Hedden D, Moreau M, Mahood J, Lewis S, Bodrogi A, Abbas H, Goldstein S, Bronstein Y, Bacon S, Chua S, Magana S, Van Houwelingen A, Halpern E, Jhaveri S, Lewis S, Lim A, Leelapattana P, Fleming J, Siddiqqi F, Bailey S, Gurr K, Moon ES, Satkunendrarajah K, Fehlings M, Noonan V, Dvorak M, Bryan S, Aronyk K, Fox R, Nataraj A, Pugh J, Elliott R, McKeon M, Abraham E, Fleming J, Gurr K, Bailey S, Siddiqi F, Bailey C, Davis G, Rogers M, Staples M, Quan G, Batke J, Boyd M, Dvorak M, Fisher C, Kwon B, Paquette S, Street J, Shamji M, Hurlbert R, Jacobs W, Duplessis S, Casha S, Jha N, Hewson S, Massicotte E, Kopjar B, Mortaz S, Coyte P, Rampersaud Y, Rampersaud Y, Goldstein S, Andrew B, Modi H, Magana S, Lewis S, Roffey D, Miles I, Wai E, Manson N, Eastwood D, Elliot R, McKeon M, Bains I, Yong E, Sutherland G, Hurlbert R, Rampersaud Y, Chan V, Persaud O, Koshkin A, Brull R, Hassan N, Petis S, Kowalczuk M, Petrisor B, Drew B, Bhandari M, DiPaola C, Boyd M, Dvorak M, Fisher C, Kwon B, Paquette S, Street J, McLachlin S, Bailey S, Gurr K, Bailey C, Dunning C, Fehlings M, Vaccaro A, Wing P, Itshayek E, Biering-Sorensen F, Dvorak M, McLachlin S, Bailey S, Gurr K, Dunning C, Bailey C, Bradi A, Pokrupa R, Batke J, Boyd M, Dvorak M, Fisher C, Kwon B, Paquette S, Street J, Kelly A, Wen T, Kingwell S, Chak J, Singh V, Cripton P, Fisher C, Dvorak M, Oxland T, Wali Z, Yen D, Alfllouse A, Alzahrani A, Jiang H, Mahood J, Kortbeek F, Fox R, Nataraj A, Street J, Boyd M, Paquette S, Kwon B, Batke J, Dvorak M, Fisher C, Reddy R, Rampersaud R, Hurlbert J, Yong W, Casha S, Zygun D, McGowan D, Bains I, Yong V, Hurlbert R, Mendis B, Chakraborty S, Nguyen T, Tsai E, Chen A, Atkins D, Noonan V, Drew B, Tsui D, Townson A, Dvorak M, Chen A, Atkins D, Noonan V, Drew B, Dvorak M, Craven C, Ford M, Ahn H, Drew B, Fehlings M, Kiss A, Vaccaro A, Harrop J, Grossman R, Frankowski R, Guest J, Dvorak M, Aarabi B, Fehlings M, Noonan V, Cheung A, Sun B, Dvorak M, Vaccaro A, Harrop J, Massicotte E, Dvorak M, Fisher C, Rampersaud R, Lewis S, Fehlings M, Marais L, Noonan V, Queyranne M, Fehlings M, Dvorak M, Atkins D, Hurlbert R, Fox R, Fourney D, Johnson M, Fehlings M, Ahn H, Ford M, Yee A, Finkelstein J, Tsai E, Bailey C, Drew B, Paquet J, Parent S, Christie S, Dvorak M, Noonan V, Cheung A, Sun B, Dvorak M, Sturm P, Cahill P, Samdani A, Vitale M, Gabos P, Bodin N, d’Amato C, Harris C, Smith J, Lange J, DiPaola C, Lapinsky A, Connolly P, Eck J, Rabin D, Zeller R, Lewis S, Lee R, Boyd M, Dvorak M, Fisher C, Kwon B, Paquette S, DiPaola C, Street J, Bodrogi A, Goldstein S, Sofia M, Lewis S, Shin J, Tung K, Ahn H, Lee R, Batke J, Ghag R, Noonan V, Dvorak M, Goyal T, Littlewood J, Bains I, Cho R, Thomas K, Swamy G. Canadian Spine Society abstracts1.1.01 Supraspinal modulation of gait abnormalities associated with noncompressive radiculopathy may be mediated by altered neurotransmitter sensitivity1.1.02 Neuroprotective effects of the sodium-glutamate blocker riluzole in the setting of experimental chronic spondylotic myelopathy1.1.03 The effect of timing to decompression in cauda equina syndrome using a rat model1.2.04 Intraoperative waste in spine surgery: incidence, cost and effectiveness of an educational program1.2.05 Looking beyond the clinical box: the health services impact of surgical adverse events1.2.06 Brace versus no brace for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic injury: a multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial1.2.07 Adverse event rates in surgically treated spine injuries without neurologic deficit1.2.08 Functional and quality of life outcomes in geriatric patients with type II odontoid fracture: 1-year results from the AOSpine North America Multi-Center Prospective GOF Study1.3.09 National US practices in pediatric spinal fusion: in-hospital complications, length of stay, mortality, costs and BMP utilization1.3.10 Current trends in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Canada1.3.11 Sagittal spinopelvic parameters help predict the risk of proximal junctional kyphosis for children treated with posterior distraction-based implants1.4.12 Correlations between changes in surface topography and changes in radiograph measurements from before to 6 months after surgery in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis1.4.13 High upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) sagittal angle is associated with UIV fracture in adult deformity corrections1.4.14 Correction of adult idiopathic scoliosis using intraoperative skeletal traction1.5.01 Cauda equina: using management protocols to reduce delays in diagnosis1.5.02 Predicting the need for tracheostomy in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury1.5.03 A novel animal model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets1.5.04 A review of preference-based measures of health-related quality of life in spinal cord injury research1.5.05 Predicting postoperative neuropathic pain following surgery involving nerve root manipulation based on intraoperative electromyographic activity1.5.06 Detecting positional injuries in prone spinal surgery1.5.07 Percutaneous thoracolumbar stabilization for trauma: surgical morbidity, clinical outcomes and revision surgery1.5.08 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in spinal cord injury patients: Does its presence at admission affect patient outcomes?2.1.15 One hundred years of spine surgery — a review of the evolution of our craft and practice in the spine surgical century [presentation]2.1.16 Prevalence of preoperative MRI findings of adjacent segment disc degeneration in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion2.1.17 Adverse event rates of surgically treated cervical spondylopathic myelopathy2.1.18 Morphometricand dynamic changes in the cervical spine following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and cervical disc arthroplasty2.1.19 Is surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy cost-effective? A cost–utility analysis based on data from the AO Spine North American Prospective Multicentre CSM Study2.2.20 Cost–utility of lumbar decompression with or without fusion for patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS)2.2.21 Minimally invasive surgery lumbar fusion for low-grade isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis: 2- to 5-year follow-up2.2.22 Results and complications of posterior-only reduction and fusion for high-grade spondylolisthesis2.3.23 Fusion versus no fusion in patients with central lumbar spinal stenosis and foraminal stenosis undergoing decompression surgery: comparison of outcomes at baseline and follow-up2.3.24 Two-year results of interspinous spacers (DIAM) as an alternative to arthrodesis for lumbar degenerative disorders2.3.25 Treatment of herniated lumbar disc by sequestrectomy or conventional discectomy2.4.26 No sustained benefit of continuous epidural analgesia for minimally invasive lumbar fusion: a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study2.4.27 Evidence and current practice in the radiologic assessment of lumbar spine fusion2.4.28 Wiltse versus midline approach for decompression and fusion of the lumbar spine2.5.09 The effect of soft tissue restraints following type II odontoid fractures in the elderly — a biomechanical study2.5.10 Development of an international spinal cord injury (SCI) spinal column injury basic data set2.5.11 Evaluation of instrumentation techniques for a unilateral facet perch and fracture using a validated soft tissue injury model2.5.12 Decreasing neurologic consequences in patients with spinal infection: the testing of a novel diagnostic guideline2.5.13 Prospective analysis of adverse events in surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis2.5.14 Load transfer characteristics between posterior fusion devices and the lumbar spine under anterior shear loading: an in vitro investigation2.5.15 Preoperative predictive clinical and radiographic factors influencing functional outcome after lumbar discectomy2.5.16 A Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) of 4: What should we really do?3.1.29 Adverse events in emergent oncologic spine surgery: a prospective analysis3.1.30 En-bloc resection of primary spinal and paraspinal tumours with critical vascular involvement3.1.31 The treatment impact of minocycline on quantitative MRI in acute spinal cord injury3.1.32 Benefit of minocycline in spinal cord injury — results of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study3.2.33 Improvement of magnetic resonance imaging correlation with unilateral motor or sensory deficits using diffusion tensor imaging3.2.34 Comparing care delivery for acute traumatic spinal cord injury in 2 Canadian centres: How do the processes of care differ?3.2.35 Improving access to early surgery: a comparison of 2 centres3.3.36 The effects of early surgical decompression on motor recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury: results of a Canadian multicentre study3.3.37 A clinical prediction model for long-term functional outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury based on acute clinical and imaging factors3.3.38 Effect of motor score on adverse events and quality of life in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury3.4.39 The impact of facet dislocation on neurologic recovery after cervical spinal cord injury: an analysis of data on 325 patients from the Surgical Trial in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (STASCIS)3.4.40 Toward a more precise understanding of the epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Canada3.4.41 Access to care (ACT) for traumatic SCI: a survey of acute Canadian spine centres3.4.42 Use of the Spine Adverse Events Severity (SAVES) instrument for traumatic spinal cord injury3.5.17 Does the type of distraction-based growing system for early onset scoliosis affect postoperative sagittal alignment?3.5.18 Comparison of radiation exposure during thoracolumbar fusion using fluoroscopic guidance versus anatomic placement of pedicle screws3.5.19 Skeletal traction for intraoperative reduction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis3.5.20 Utility of intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography (O-ARM) and stereotactic navigation in acute spinal trauma surgery3.5.21 Use of a central compression rod to reduce thoracic level spinal osteotomies3.5.22 ICD-10 coding accuracy for spinal cord injured patients3.5.23 Feasibility of patient recruitment in acute SCI trials3.5.24 Treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis with DLIF approaches. Can J Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1503/cjs.012212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
13
|
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show how to apply the singular perturbation method to the rate equations in reaction kinetics that involve different time scales. The Lindemann scheme has been chosen for illustration, and the steady-state and equilibrium approximations used in the Lindemann scheme are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Arizoma State University, Tempe, Az. 85281
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
A stochastic model of unimolecular reactions has been adopted for investigation of the validity and limitation of the RRKM theory. The error caused by the steady-state approximation for distribution of energized molecules is small, while the assumption of the internal energy equilibration of energized molecules might cause serious errors for reactions of low activation energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Fogarty M, Richardson W, Kessaris N. [P226]: Fate mapping the telencephalon: Tracing the origins of GABAergic interneurons. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.09.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
18
|
Ayoub AF, Richardson W, Barbenel JC. Mandibular elongation by automatic distraction osteogenesis: the first application in humans. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 43:324-8. [PMID: 15908075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 65-year-old man who was the first person to have the right ramus of his mandible lengthened by 20mm by automatic continuous distraction osteogenesis. The device consists of two units: a component that is implanted into the bone, and an external component that is distant from the surgical site and mounted on a battery-driven portable syringe driver or infusion pump. A non-compressible drive cable connects the two.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Ayoub
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow University and the Regional Maxillofacial Unit at Southern General Hospital, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A novel prosthetic anal sphincter (PAS) has been developed that aims to occlude by flattening and angulating the bowel, reproducing the action of the puborectalis muscle. The safety of the PAS has been confirmed in biomechanical, in vitro and long-term animal survival studies. The Medical Devices Agency approved implantation in 12 patients.
Methods
The PAS was placed in the pelvis around the anorectal junction via a transabdominal approach in 12 patients with severe faecal incontinence. The device was activated 6 weeks after surgery. Fibreoptic examination of the mucosa below the device was undertaken at various intervals during review.
Results
At a median follow-up of 59 (range 30–72) months nine of the 12 patients had a functioning PAS. There were no device-related infective complications after the initial operation but one patient developed pseudomembranous colitis and had the device removed. The PAS was effective in restoring continence in ten of 11 patients. Median (range) Cleveland Clinic continence scores improved from 16 (7–20) before to 3 (0–7) after surgery. In two patients the PAS was eventually removed owing to infection after revisional surgery. There was no clinical or histological evidence of gastrointestinal mucosal ischaemia.
Conclusion
The PAS was effective in restoring continence. There was no device-related infection after the initial operation, no device erosion and no clinical or histological evidence of gastrointestinal ischaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I G Finlay
- Department of Coloproctology, Lister Surgical Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lambs L, Loubiat M, Richardson W. The use of stable isotopes to evaluate water mixing and water use by flood plain trees along the Garonne valley. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2003; 39:301-310. [PMID: 14711175 DOI: 10.1080/10256010310001621100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Before the confluence of the Tarn, the Garonne valley was the driest area in the entire south-west of France, due to the relatively low rainfall and low summer discharge of the Garonne River and its tributaries. The natural abundance of the stable isotope of oxygen (18O) and ionic charge of surface and ground water were used to estimate the water source for the Garonne River and phreatic subsurface water. We also measured these constituents in the sap of trees at several flood plain sites to better understand the source of water used by these trees. 18O signatures and conductivity in the Garonne River indicated that the predominance of water was from high altitude surface runoff from the Pyrenees Mountains. Tributary inputs had little effect on isotopic identity, but had a small effect on the conductivity. The isotopic signature and ionic conductivity of river water (delta18O: -9.1 per thousand to -9.0 per thousand, conductivity: 217-410 microS/cm) was distinctly different from groundwater (delta18O: -7.1 per thousand to -6.6 per thousand, conductivity: 600-900 microS/cm). Isotopic signatures from the sap of trees on the flood plain showed that the water source was shallow subsurface water (<30 cm), whereas trees further from the river relied on deeper ground water (>1 m). Trees at both locations maintained sap with ionic charges much greater (2.3-3.7x) than that of source water. The combined use of 18O signatures and ionic conductivity appears to be a potent tool to determine water sources on geographic scales, and source and use patterns by trees at the local forest scale. These analyses also show promise for better understanding of the effects of anthropogenic land-use and water-use changes on flood plain forest dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lambs
- Federation of Research in Ecology, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Dynamics--CNRS, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, Toulouse, 31055, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
We have invented a distraction device that can be placed intraorally and provides autodistraction. The device consists of two units: an implantable component that is applied directly on the bone, and an external component that is distant from the surgical site. The external component is mounted on a standard, battery-driven portable syringe driver or infusion pump. A fine flexible non-compressible tube connects the two. The compression of the bellows in the external component causes fluid to be forced through the connecting tube into the distraction component. The combination of the sealed system and incompressible fluid guarantees expansion of the bellows of the distraction component and gradually separates the bone segments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Ayoub
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ayoub AF, Richardson W, Koppel D, Thompson H, Lucas M, Schwarz T, Smith L, Boyd J. Segmental mandibular reconstruction by microincremental automatic distraction osteogenesis: an animal study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001; 39:356-64. [PMID: 11601816 DOI: 10.1054/bjom.2001.0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the reconstruction of a surgically created critical size mandibular defect in sheep using a newly developed automatic distraction device. The device has an implantable component, which is fixed to the mandible to allow the transfer of the transport disc across the created defect, and an external component which is mounted on the activation pump and secured away from the site of bone distraction. Compression of the bellows in the external component causes fluid to be forced through the connecting tube into the distraction component. Distraction at a rate of 1 mm over 24 h was achieved in six sheep. New bone generated at the site of the created defects both anterior (compression side) and posterior (tension side) to the transport disc and had similar radiodensity to the adjacent mandibular bone eight weeks after the completion of distraction.
Collapse
|
23
|
Richardson W. Bupropion for smokers. New products for smoking cessation maintain profile of smoking cessation services. BMJ 2001; 322:432; discussuion 432-3. [PMID: 11179164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
24
|
Langdon M, Richardson W, Campion P, Madhok R. Smoking cessation. Pulling out the stops. Health Serv J 2001; 111:30-1. [PMID: 11246826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The launch of smoking-cessation drug Zyban in June last year greatly increased demand on a local smoking-cessation service. It is important to use local media to increase awareness of local services. Health authorities and pharmaceutical companies should work with the media when new drugs may put extra strain on local services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Langdon
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Hull University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brown K, Bell MH, Maynard C, Richardson W, Wagner GS. Attribution of responsibility for injury and long-term outcome of patients with paralytic spinal cord trauma. Spinal Cord 1999; 37:653-7. [PMID: 10490858 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Survey. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between patients' perceptions of responsibility for the injury and long term outcomes. SETTING Duke University Medical Center Spinal Injury Service. METHODS One hundred and forty patients, who suffered spinal cord injuries between 1985 and 1990, were selected to participate in the study, and 26 (19%), including eight with quadriplegia, completed a telephone interview. The mean age at interview was 39+/-12 years and 12% were women. The mean time from injury to completion of the study was 8.7+/-1.5 years. Attribution of cause of injury, the Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique, and the SF36 mental health depression/vitality surveyed instruments attribution of responsibility for the injury, functional capacity, mental health depression, and vitality. RESULTS The majority (18/26) of patients either totally blamed themselves or others for their injuries. Overall, there was no statistically significant association between attribution of injury and long-term outcomes. Outcomes were similar in patients who either totally blamed themselves or others for their predicament. CONCLUSION In this study, long-term outcomes were not influenced by whether patients perceived themselves as being responsible for their injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Brown
- Spine Injury Service, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Warren K, Goldstein E, Hung VS, Koehler JE, Richardson W. Use of retinal biopsy to diagnose Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) henselae retinitis in an HIV-infected patient. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116:937-40. [PMID: 9682711 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.116.7.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed bilateral retinitis due to a Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) henselae infection. A retinal biopsy was performed when severe and progressive retinal infection failed to respond to empirical treatment for cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii. The biopsy specimen was stained with routine histopathological stains and the Steiner silver stain. Ribosomal DNA was extracted from formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded retinal tissue and amplified with the polymerase chain reaction assay, using Bartonella-specific primers. The amplified DNA fragment was cloned and sequenced. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin revealed tufts of proliferating vascular endothelium with numerous fusiformappearing cells, consistent with a diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis. A Steiner silver stain revealed numerous small bacilli in the biopsy specimen. Amplification of DNA extracted from the tissue produced a fragment of 16S ribosomal DNA of the expected size; sequencing of the DNA fragment revealed that the infection was caused by B henselae. The retinal infection was treated with minocycline, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin with improvement in visual acuity in the ensuing 12 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient with retinitis due to B henselae who was diagnosed by the identification of silver-staining bacilli and amplification and sequencing of B henselae with a polymerase chain reaction assay using a biopsy specimen of retinal tissue. Retinal biopsy is indicated, despite its potential for serious complications, in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who have a progressive, sight-threatening retinitis that is undiagnosed and unresponsive to therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology
- Adult
- Angiomatosis, Bacillary/diagnosis
- Angiomatosis, Bacillary/drug therapy
- Angiomatosis, Bacillary/microbiology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Bartonella henselae/genetics
- Biopsy
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
- Drug Therapy, Combination/therapeutic use
- Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis
- Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy
- Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology
- Humans
- Male
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Retina/microbiology
- Retina/pathology
- Retinitis/diagnosis
- Retinitis/drug therapy
- Retinitis/microbiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Silver Staining
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Warren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kansas University School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roper C, Richardson W, Elhassan IM, Giha H, Hviid L, Satti GM, Theander TG, Arnot DE. Seasonal changes in the Plasmodium falciparum population in individuals and their relationship to clinical malaria: a longitudinal study in a Sudanese village. Parasitology 1998; 116 ( Pt 6):501-10. [PMID: 9651932 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182098002650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Residents of Daraweesh village in Sudan were monitored for Plasmodium falciparum infection and malaria morbidity in 3 malaria seasons from 1993 to 1996. Malaria parasites were detected microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a series of cross-sectional surveys. PCR revealed submicroscopical infections during the dry season, particularly among individuals who had recovered from a malaria episode following successful drug treatment. Clinical and subclinical infections were contrasted by assaying for allelic polymorphism at 2 gene loci, MSP-1 and GLURP and 2 hypotheses examined with reference to these data: that clinical malaria is associated with infection with novel parasite genotypes not previously detected in that host, or alternatively, that clinical malaria episodes are associated with an increased number of clones in an infection. We detected more mixed infections among clinical isolates, but people carrying parasites during the dry season were not found to have an increased risk of disease in the following malaria season. There was a clear association of disease with the appearance of novel parasite genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Roper
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
We present a case of leukemia cutis associated with a prominent giant cell component. This lesion was initially diagnosed as chronic granulomatous inflammation 1 year before the definitive diagnosis of leukemia cutis was made. Skin biopsy specimens showed numerous Langhans-type giant cells occurring singly and as poorly formed granulomas. However, the majority of the infiltrate consisted of immature myeloid cells, positive for chloroacetate esterase, lysozyme, and CD 68. Subsequent peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations confirmed the progression of the disease to acute myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F K Baksh
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23507, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Preston PM, Visser A, Abraham A, Richardson W, Richardson J, Forsyth L, Bell-Sakyi L, Wilkie G, Entrican G, Boid R, Spooner RL, Brown CG. Protective immune responses to Theileria annulata of relevance to vaccine development. Trop Anim Health Prod 1997; 29:136S-138S. [PMID: 9512761 DOI: 10.1007/bf02632954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of projects on Theileria annulata funded by the European Union (STD1/STD2/STD3) have provided convincing evidence that macrophage and natural killer (NK) cell-dependent immune mechanisms may directly control the proliferation of different stages of T. annulata in cattle. The evidence for this conclusion and the implications for vaccine development are discussed in the following paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Preston
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Corne J, Djukanovic R, Thomas L, Warner J, Botta L, Grandordy B, Gygax D, Heusser C, Patalano F, Richardson W, Kilchherr E, Staehelin T, Davis F, Gordon W, Sun L, Liou R, Wang G, Chang TW, Holgate S. The effect of intravenous administration of a chimeric anti-IgE antibody on serum IgE levels in atopic subjects: efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:879-87. [PMID: 9062345 PMCID: PMC507895 DOI: 10.1172/jci119252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CGP 51901 is a non-anaphylactogenic mouse/human chimeric anti-human IgE antibody that binds to free IgE and surface IgE of IgE-expressing B cells but not to IgE bound to high affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilonR1) on mast cells and basophils or low affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilonR2) on other cells. A phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled, single dose study with doses of 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg of CGP 51901 was conducted in 33 pollen-sensitive subjects who had raised levels of serum IgE and received either intravenous CGP 51901 or placebo. The administration of CGP 51901 was well tolerated and resulted in a decrease of serum free IgE levels in a dose-dependent manner, with suppression after 100 mg of CGP 51901 reaching > 96%. Time of recovery to 50% of baseline IgE correlated with the dose of administered antibody and ranged from a mean of 1.3 d for the 3 mg to 39 d for the 100 mg dose. Total IgE, comprised of free and complexed IgE, increased as stored and newly synthesized IgE bound to CGP 51901. Complexed IgE was eliminated at a rate comparable with the terminal half-life of free CGP 51901 (11-13 d at all doses). Only one subject showed a weak antibody response against CGP 51901. We conclude that the use of anti-human IgE antibody is safe and effective in reducing serum IgE levels in atopic individuals and provides a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of atopic diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Basophils/metabolism
- Chimera/immunology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Double-Blind Method
- Histamine Release
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/analysis
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Pollen/immunology
- Radioallergosorbent Test
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Skin Tests
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Corne
- University Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- L C Phin
- Department of Clinical Physics & Bio-Engineering, Canniesburn Hospital, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Partridge F, Richardson W, Kearns P, Wilcox R, Majumdar G. Marked bone marrow eosinophilia at the time of relapse of acute myeloblastic leukaemia in association with the appearance of translocation t(12;20)(q24;q11). Leuk Lymphoma 1996; 22:181-2. [PMID: 8724547 DOI: 10.3109/10428199609051747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML), FAB type M2, with karyotype t(8;21)(q22;q22), who at the time of relapse showed marked eosinophilia of the bone marrow. Karyotype analysis showed the appearance of an additional clone t(8;21)(q22;q22),t(12;20)(q24;q11). To the best of our knowledge, marked eosinophilia has not been reported in association with this particular chromosomal translocation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/ultrastructure
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Daunorubicin/administration & dosage
- Eosinophilia/etiology
- Eosinophilia/genetics
- Eosinophilia/pathology
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Idarubicin/administration & dosage
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Remission Induction
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Partridge
- Haematology Department, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, England
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
1. The mechanism of the protective action of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in sustaining noradrenaline-induced responses in vascular hypoxia was investigated using pharmacological methods. 2. Four vascular spasmogenic agents, methoxamine, acetylcholine, histamine and potassium, each with a different mode of action were used to produce responses in guinea-pig isolated portal vein. In each case the responses were significantly reduced by hypoxia or hypoxia and a substrate-free environment. 3. Pre-incubation of the vein with alpha-tocopherol protected the noradrenaline-induced responses against hypoxia in the substrate-free environment, However, at the EC50 concentration for protection of noradrenaline, alpha-tocopherol failed to protect the responses of each agent from the inhibitory effects of hypoxia, suggesting a mechanism of protection involving noradrenaline. 4. Drugs known to interfere with the disposition of noradrenaline in sympathetically innervated tissues, cocaine, hydrocortisone and tyramine did not affect the response to alpha-tocopherol. 5. Responses to calcium were unaffected by alpha-tocopherol in normoxia and hypoxia. 6. The protective action of alpha-tocopherol was not mimicked by the chromanol ring of the vitamin structure, Trolox C, suggesting that the vascular protection in hypoxia was not dependent on an antioxidant mechanism. 7. However, the glycolytic enzyme inhibitor, iodoacetic acid, prevented the protective action of the vitamin in hypoxia, suggesting that alpha-tocopherol enhanced noradrenaline-mediated activity in hypoxia through an iodoacetic acid-sensitive pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Kelly
- Health Sciences Group, Leeds Metropolitan University, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The functioning of the guinea-pig isolated portal vein was monitored by measuring spontaneous mechanical activity, responses to electrical stimulation and administered noradrenaline in normoxic conditions. The effect of hypoxia, induced by bubbling the physiological bathing solution with a 95% N(2)/5% CO(2) gas mixture, on the mechanical performance of the vein was then assessed. Spontaneous activity declined in hypoxia, with mean contraction tension reduced by 55 + or - 8.8%. The responses to electrical field stimulation (2-32 Hz, 0.7 msec. 70 V) were lowered by 14 + or - 4.6% but contractions produced by a range of noradrenaline concentrations (0.01-160 mu M) were unaffected by hypoxia. Substitution of glucose in the bathing solution with sucrose, a substrate unavailable to the cells for energy generation, produced a marked enhancement of the effect of hypoxia. Spontaneous activity was reduced by 76 + or - 8.3%, electrically-induced activity by 80 + or - 14.4% and noradrenaline-induced responses by 85 + or - 6.8%. Although in normoxia the activity and responses of the portal vein were unaffected by the presence of alpha-tocopherol, it significantly protected the functioning of the vein in hypoxic conditions. This effect was concentration-dependent within the range 10-160 mu M and was most marked when glucose was replaced by sucrose in the bathing solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Kelly
- Health Sciences Group, Leeds Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Roper C, Elhassan IM, Hviid L, Giha H, Richardson W, Babiker H, Satti GM, Theander TG, Arnot DE. Detection of very low level Plasmodium falciparum infections using the nested polymerase chain reaction and a reassessment of the epidemiology of unstable malaria in Sudan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996; 54:325-31. [PMID: 8615441 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assay for low level Plasmodium falciparum infections that were below the threshold of detection of blood film examination. This revealed a substantial group of asymptomatic, submicroscopically patent infections within the population of a Sudanese village present throughout the year although clinical malaria episodes were almost entirely confined to the transmission season. In our September, January, April, and June surveys, the PCR-detected prevalences were 13%, 19%, 24%, and 19%, respectively. These figures reveal a much higher prevalence of dry season infection than previous microscopic surveys have indicated. Furthermore, 20% of a cohort of 79 individuals were healthy throughout the September to November transmission season but were PCR-positive for P. falciparum in a least one of a series of samples taken in the ensuing months. Levels of exposure to P. falciparum infection were therefore higher than was previously believed in this region, highlighting the fact that many individuals were infected but healthy for most of the year. The reservoir parasite population was thus larger and more stable than previously thought, a finding that is consistent with the high levels of genetic variation at polymorphic loci reported from analysis of P. falciparum parasites in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Roper
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Bowers VD, Ackermann JR, Richardson W, Carey LC. Sclerosing peritonitis. Clin Transplant 1994; 8:369-72. [PMID: 7949541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosing peritonitis (SP) is an uncommon and devastating problem which involves the visceral and parietal peritoneal surfaces of the abdominal cavity. SP has been reported in association with peritoneal dialysis, with medications, and following peritonitis. No clear etiology or preventative treatment exists for this unusual problem. Herein, we report 3 cases with the unusual aspect of apparent progression of this fibrotic and sclerosing process after the termination of the peritoneal dialysis and successful renal transplantation. Each of these cases resulted in a mechanical small bowel obstruction secondary to a densely fibrosing and encasing peel of reactive connective tissue visibly different from the usual postoperative adhesions. Sclerosing peritonitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of a current peritoneal dialysis patient who exhibits signs of partial small bowel obstruction with a continual decrease in peritoneal clearance and/or successfully transplanted patients who had utilized peritoneal dialysis therapy in the past and now exhibit signs and symptoms of a mechanical small bowel obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V D Bowers
- University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tampa 33606
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The data with which Student illustrated the application of his famous distribution are examined from a number of aspects. Central to the discussion is the within-patient clinical trial at Kalamazoo whose results were published by Cushny and Peebles and misquoted by Student and Fisher. This trial is discussed from historical, pharmacological and statistical perspectives. Student's and Fisher's analyses and a more modern analysis by Preece are considered as is Cushny's and Peebles's interpretation. Brief biographies of the five physicians involved in running the trial are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Senn
- Medicine and Clinical Development Department, CIBA, Basle, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
We have devised a new measure of molecular similarity with respect to given simple partitions of space into regions. The similarity is determined by numerical integration of the difference in the optimal interaction between the two molecules and the regions over a large range of interaction parameter values. Compounds differing in empirical formula are differentiated by a single infinite region; cis/trans or ortho/meta/para isomers are distinguishable by two adjacent regions that are half-spaces; and stereoisomers require five regions. This can be viewed as a natural classification of isomers. The concept can also be applied to drug binding studies to determine which molecules may bind alike in a given biological receptor and to elucidate a necessary starting geometry when a binding site is modeled for inhibitors whose experimental binding energies are different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bradley
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Preston PM, Brown CG, Entrican G, Richardson W, Boid R. Synthesis of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferons by mononuclear cells from Theileria annulata-infected cattle. Parasite Immunol 1993; 15:525-34. [PMID: 7533283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bovine macrophage-derived tumour necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin (TNF-alpha) was synthesized when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and purified adherent PBMC from naive and Theileria annulata-infected cattle were incubated in vitro with concanavalin A (Con-A) or bovine recombinant interferon gamma (Bo rIFN-gamma). TNF-alpha production was also induced when adherent PBMC were cultured with T. annulata macroschizont-infected cells. In contrast, non-adherent PBMC from sublethally infected cattle produced interferon (IFN) when incubated with Hu rIL-2, Con-A, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or T. annulata macroschizont-infected cells growing as cell lines in vitro. Whilst PBMC from lethally infected cattle spontaneously produced IFN-gamma during advanced stages of infection, the sera of such animals contained type 1 IFN (alpha/beta). IFN was also produced by T. annulata macroschizont-infected cell lines maintained in vitro. This work suggests that cytokines serve as crucial links between proliferating Theileira-infected cells and the characteristic clinical symptoms of tropical theileriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Preston
- Division of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Holmes GE, Schimke RN, Goertz K, Mattioli L, Richardson W. Continuation of a case report. J Med Genet 1993; 30:445. [PMID: 8320715 PMCID: PMC1016401 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.5.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
42
|
Preston PM, Brown CG, Bell-Sakyi L, Richardson W, Sanderson A. Tropical theileriosis in Bos taurus and Bos taurus cross Bos indicus calves: response to infection with graded doses of sporozoites of Theileria annulata. Res Vet Sci 1992; 53:230-43. [PMID: 1439213 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5288(92)90115-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work extends basic knowledge of tropical theileriosis in taurine and crossbred cattle. Infection of Bos taurus and Bos taurus cross Bos indicus (Sahiwal) calves with graded doses of sporozoites of Theileria annulata (Hissar), an Indian stock of the parasite, showed the following to be dose dependent in both cattle types: the time to appearance and population size of macroschizonts, microschizonts and piroplasms, time and severity of pyrexia, anaemia manifested by erythrocyte counts and haematocrit. All infections were accompanied by a prompt and severe panleucopenia. This effect was dose related in both the taurine and the Sahiwal crossbred calves. Lymphocyte counts returned to preinfection levels in the blood of animals which recovered, but death from theileriosis was characteristically accompanied by a persistent and severe lymphocytopenia. Flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to bovine mononuclear cells was used to identify the lymphocyte subsets involved in lymphocytopenia. The outcome of infection was dose dependent in the crossbred calves but not in taurine calves. Although the results obtained did not differ qualitatively between the two cattle types, they provided some preliminary evidence for resistance to tropical theileriosis in Sahiwal crossbred calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Preston
- Division of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hadley DM, Condon BR, Richardson W. A flexion and extension device for dynamic MR imaging of the neck. Br J Radiol 1992; 65:816-8. [PMID: 1393422 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-65-777-816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D M Hadley
- MRI Unit, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Preston PM, Brown CG, Richardson W. Cytokines inhibit the development of trophozoite-infected cells of Theileria annulata and Theileria parva but enhance the proliferation of macroschizont-infected cell lines. Parasite Immunol 1992; 14:125-41. [PMID: 1570169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The following bovine (Bo) and human (Hu) cytokines--Bo rTNF-a, Bo rIFN-g, Hu IFN-a, Hu rIL-1, Hu rIL-2--significantly inhibited the in vitro development of trophozoite-infected cells of three stocks of Theileria annulata and of Theileria parva (Muguga). However, none of these cytokines inhibited the proliferation of established T. annulata or T. parva macroschizont-infected cell lines. Indeed, Bo rTNF-a and Hu rIL-2 consistently enhanced the proliferation of macroschizont-infected cell lines of both species and the blastogenesis of uninfected lymphocytes in trophozoite-infected cultures. These results suggest that cytokines could help in resistance to challenge infections by preventing the further development of trophozoite-infected cells but provide no evidence that any of the above cytokines directly help to resolve primary infections by inhibiting the growth of macroschizont-infected cells. These findings also suggest that both TNF-a and IL-2 could play a role in the pathogenesis of Theileria infections by promoting the proliferation of macroschizont-infected cells and the associated lymphoid hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Preston
- Division of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Moseley H, Richardson W, Dutton GN. Beam obstruction hazard on Q-switched Nd-YAG ophthalmic lasers: a safety device for the Nanolas laser. Br J Ophthalmol 1991; 75:447. [PMID: 1854705 PMCID: PMC1042419 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.75.7.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
A total of 33 patients with renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the spine underwent spinal decompression over a 5-year period; 20 were operated on for neurologic dysfunction, and the remainder for pain alone. Surgery was performed anteriorly in 21, posteriorly in 9, and combined in 3 cases. The surgical approach was determined by the preoperative anatomic localization of the tumor. Of these patients 88% had fusions with instrumentation and polymethylmethacrylate; 88% of patients had partial or complete relief of pain; and 64% of bedridden patients subsequently were able to walk. Neurologic function improved in 60% of patients with a neurologic deficit; however, only 36% of incontinent patients regained bladder control. Survival averaged 8.0 +/- 1.5 months. Survival correlated with the degree of neurologic dysfunction and the presence of other known metastases. Recurrent cord compression developed in 49% of patients, usually at the same level; 9 of these 16 patients had repeat decompression, with similar operative results as the primary procedure in terms of pain and neurologic function. Blood loss was variable but often significant. Preoperative embolization appeared to be beneficial. Precise tumor localization preoperatively directing the surgical approach and better patient selection would likely improve results and decrease morbidity. Good palliation appeared to be achieved in regards to both pain relief and improved neurologic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J King
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Margolis RB, Merkel WT, Tait RC, Richardson W. Evaluating Patients with Chronic Pain and their Families: How you can recognize maladaptive patterns. Can Fam Physician 1991; 37:429-435. [PMID: 21228992 PMCID: PMC2145248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion of family members in the assessment of patients with chronic pain can improve outcomes. Family functioning can be assessed in four basic areas: boundaries, power, communication, and intimacy. Early recognition of maladaptive patterns in the family allows the family physician to consider a variety of interventions ranging from educating the spouse to referring the family for therapy or multidisciplinary pain management.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
A simple and robust instrument for cervical dilatation force measurement is described which measures axial insertion force but is not affected by lateral loads. The instrument is battery-powered, self-contained and displays actual axial force and peak axial force on digital liquid crystal displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Richardson
- West of Scotland Health Boards, Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, Glasgow
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Richardson W, Blasie JK. Thermal melting of arachidic acid monolayers in ultrathin multilayers: A high-resolution x-ray diffraction study. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:12165-12181. [PMID: 9948051 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
50
|
Abstract
The sea urchin spicule is composed of CaCO3 associated with an organic matrix containing at least 10 proteins. We have previously shown that one of these proteins, a 50-kDa glycoprotein (SM 50), is encoded by a gene which is only transcribed in cells of the micromere-mesenchyme lineage. In this report we examined RNA from five adult tissues: ovary, coelomocytes, intestine, tube feet, and spine for the presence of SM 50 transcripts and protein. Only RNA from cells of spine and tube feet hybridized to a SM 50-specific probe on Northern blots. These same two tissues undergo biomineralization and contain a protein which is immunologically related to the SM 50 protein. The restricted accumulation of SM 50 transcripts and protein suggests that the differentiation of biomineralizing mesenchyme cells in embryonic and adult tissue may utilize the same genetic program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Hayward 94542
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|