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Ma X, Fang L, Sheng L, Zhou X, Bai S, Zang X, Wang Y, Li M, Lv Z, Zhong Q, Yang X, Wang Y, Hu Y, Yan D, Shi Y, Chen H, Li J, Tao M, Zhuang S, Wang Y, Liu N. Rituximab treatment for refractory nephrotic syndrome in adults: a multicenter retrospective study. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2237124. [PMID: 37482915 PMCID: PMC10367573 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2237124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS) is full of challenges and the role of rituximab (RTX) is not well-established, thus this study aims to demonstrate the role of RTX in RNS. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective study of all adult patients receiving RTX for RNS. Patients enrolled were divided into two groups according to pathological pattern: 20 patients as a group of podocytopathy (including minimal change disease [MCD] and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS]), and 26 patients as membranous nephropathy (MN) group. The remission rate, relapse rate, adverse effects, and predictors of remission were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 75 patients received RTX for RNS and 48 were available for analysis after exclusion criteria. No significant difference in the remission rate at 6 or 12 months was observed between the MCD/FSGS and MN cases (p > 0.05). The median duration of the first complete remission (CR) was 1 month in the podocytopathy group and 12.5 months in the MN group. Three relapses were associated with infection as the ultimate outcome, and 6 out of 48 remained refractory representing a response rate of 87.5% in RNS. Clinical predictors of cumulative CR were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≤103 mmHg at the beginning of therapy in patients with MN. No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS RTX appears to be effective in RNS across various clinical and pathological subtypes, exhibiting a low relapse rate and minimal significant side effects in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shoujun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zexin Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Danying Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Liu H, Zheng F, Yao W, Zhu J, Du X, Shi H, Zhu X, Zang X. The impact of aerobic exercise on health-related quality of life among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35990. [PMID: 37960758 PMCID: PMC10637439 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of exercise on cardiopulmonary function and the life quality of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Eighty-four patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis treatment for more than 3 months were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The general data and nutritional indexes, including hemoglobin and plasma albumin, before and after the experiment. The differences in lung function, cardiac ultrasound, cardiopulmonary function, exercise endurance between the 2 groups before and after intervention were compared. The short form 36-item health survey (SF-36) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were assessed. In our study, the experimental group had better Force vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) after the intervention compared to the control group (P < .05). Anaerobic threshold and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) improved significantly in the experimental group (P < .05), and SF-36 showed better physical functioning, social functioning, general health, and vitality scores in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < .05). In addition, following 24 weeks of exercise, the Depression score of the exercise group showed a statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (P < .05). After the intervention, hemoglobin improved significantly in the experimental group (P < .05). Intradialytic exercise can improve hemoglobin, Alb, pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and exercise endurance in maintenance hemodialysis patients, so as to improve the quality of life, which is worthy of further promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Yao
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanmei Zhu
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu Du
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Zhu
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Chen S, Ma X, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liang W, Zheng L, Zang X, Mei X, Qi Y, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Li J, Chen H, Shi Y, Hu Y, Tao M, Zhuang S, Liu N. An updated clinical prediction model of protein-energy wasting for hemodialysis patients. Front Nutr 2022; 9:933745. [PMID: 36562038 PMCID: PMC9764006 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.933745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is critically associated with the reduced quality of life and poor prognosis of hemodialysis patients. However, the diagnosis criteria of PEW are complex, characterized by difficulty in estimating dietary intake and assessing muscle mass loss objectively. We performed a cross-sectional study in hemodialysis patients to propose a novel PEW prediction model. Materials and methods A total of 380 patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The data were analyzed with univariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify influencing factors of PEW. The PEW prediction model was presented as a nomogram by using the results of logistic regression. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to test the prediction and discrimination ability of the novel model. Results Binary logistic regression was used to identify four independent influencing factors, namely, sex (P = 0.03), triglycerides (P = 0.009), vitamin D (P = 0.029), and NT-proBNP (P = 0.029). The nomogram was applied to display the value of each influencing factor contributed to PEW. Then, we built a novel prediction model of PEW (model 3) by combining these four independent variables with part of the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) diagnostic criteria including albumin, total cholesterol, and BMI, while the ISRNM diagnostic criteria served as model 1 and model 2. ROC analysis of model 3 showed that the area under the curve was 0.851 (95%CI: 0.799-0.904), and there was no significant difference between model 3 and model 1 or model 2 (all P > 0.05). DCA revealed that the novel prediction model resulted in clinical net benefit as well as the other two models. Conclusion In this research, we proposed a novel PEW prediction model, which could effectively identify PEW in hemodialysis patients and was more convenient and objective than traditional diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - WeiWei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobin Mei
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Na Liu,
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Wang Y, Huang G, Ma X, Zang X, Bai S, Wang Y, Du L, Lv Z, Li J, Chen H, Hu Y, Shi Y, Zhou X, Tao M, Zhuang S, Liu N. A retrospective study of baseline peritoneal transport character and left ventricular hypertrophy in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: interrelationship and prognostic impacts. Ren Fail 2022; 44:2073-2084. [PMID: 36645038 PMCID: PMC9848238 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2148536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with adverse outcomes among peritoneal dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of baseline left ventricular hypertrophy and its relationship with baseline peritoneal transfer characteristics in peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS We enrolled 151 incident peritoneal dialysis patients to perform a multicentric retrospective cohort study since January 1, 2017 to January 31, 2021. Patients were grouped based on baseline dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio at 4 h as follows: low (<0.50), low average (0.5-0.64), high average (0.65-0.80) and high (≥0.81). Echocardiography and clinic data were recorded yearly. The Cox proportional hazards models and competing risk model were used to evaluate patients' survival. Generalized linear mixed models were performed to explore risk factors associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 33 months (range, 16-48 months), 21 (13.9%) patients died, including 16 (10.60%) cardiovascular deaths. Controlling the competing risks of switching to hemodialysis, kidney transplantation and loss to follow-up, baseline left ventricular hypertrophy was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.645; 95% confidence interval, 1.156-6.056; p = 0.021). Baseline high and high average transport status were positively related to left ventricular mass index and left atrium diameter 2 years after PD initiation. CONCLUSION Baseline fast peritoneal solute transport rate may be an effect factor for aggravating left ventricular hypertrophy which predicted poor outcomes for peritoneal dialysis patients. The findings offered important ideas for further prospective intervention study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guansen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoujun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zexin Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Na Liu Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo road, Pudong new district, Shanghai, 200120, China
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Shi Y, Li J, Chen H, Hu Y, Tang L, Wang Y, Zang X, Ma X, Huang G, Zhou X, Tao M, lv Z, Chen S, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses peritoneal angiogenesis by targeting a VEGFR2/ERK1/2/HIF‐1α dependent signaling pathway. J Pathol 2022; 258:164-178. [PMID: 35792675 DOI: 10.1002/path.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Emergency department of critical care medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital Shanghai PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Guansen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Zexin lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine Tongji University Shanghai PR China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
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Lu R, Gu LY, Zhang W, Guo Y, Zang X, Zhou Y, Yu L, Pan S, Pang H, Liu S, Xie K, Li P, Zeng X, Lu Y. Protocol for thiamine and folic acid in the treatment of cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients: a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050605. [PMID: 34907051 PMCID: PMC8671988 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment (CI) is the common complications in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. Recently, the pathogenesis of CI has been discussed and oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms in these patients. Thiamine and folic acid, which play an important role in relieving the production of reactive oxygen species, reducing homocysteine levels, improving oxidative stress in the nervous system. In pilot study, cognitive function was significantly improved in the group with thiamine and folic supplementation. Based on this result, we hypothesise that thiamine combined with folic acid supplementation may improve cognitive function in patients with MHD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre study, we will enrol patients undergoing haemodialysis who has the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score lower than 26 to treatment group (thiamine 90 mg/day combined with folic acid 30 mg/day) or control group (thiamine placebo 90 mg/day combined with folic acid placebo 30 mg/day). All subjects will be followed up for 96 weeks. The primary endpoint is the comparison of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) score between treatment group and control group at 96 weeks of follow-up. The secondary endpoints include serum thiamine, folate, homocysteine levels, cranial functional MRI and survival. The central randomisation method will be adopted and the principles of placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised control will be followed. The comparisons among ADAS-Cog scores and other secondary endpoints over time within subjects is conducted by using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) or generalised estimating equations (GEE). Pairwise t-test with Bonferroni adjustment is performed for multiple comparisons. On the other hand, for comparisons between treatment and control group, simple one-way ANOVA, GEE or Wilcoxon rank sum test is used. The χ2 method is used for statistical analysis of the categorical data. Kaplan-Meier survival curve is used for survival analysis. A p<0.05 is considered statistically significant difference. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial has been approved by Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital Ethics Committee (KY2019-199). After publication of study results, trial report will be published in peer-reviewed journals and/or in national or international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2000029297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Yi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center for Investigation, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuting Pan
- Clinical Center for Investigation, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Pang
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li C, Xie Y, Zheng Z, Xu K, Zhu N, Zang X, Wang X, Bao J, Yu Q, Wang R, Liu J, Zhou Z. [Effect of Jiedu Limai decoction in septic patients with syndrome of heat-toxin exuberance]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2021; 33:815-820. [PMID: 34412750 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20201228-00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical effect of Jiedu Limai decoction in septic patients with syndrome of heat-toxin exuberance. METHODS A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. From March 2019 to April 2020, septic patients with syndrome of heat-toxin exuberance admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Shanghai General Hospital and Songjiang Branch of Shanghai General Hospital were enrolled as the research objects, and they were divided into routine treatment group and Jiedu Limai decoction group by the random number table method. Patients in both groups were given standard treatment in accordance with the guidelines, and patients in the Jiedu Limai decoction group were given Jiedu Limai decoction in addition to the standard treatment, once a day for 14 days. The 28-day survival of patients of the two groups were recorded, the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, coagulation indexes, infection indexes, inflammatory cytokines and organ function indicators before treatment and 7 days after treatment in both groups were recorded, and the prognosis of the two groups were recorded. RESULTS A total of 259 patients with infection or clinical diagnosis of infection admitted during the experimental observation period were included, and those who did not meet the Sepsis-3 diagnostic criteria, more than 80 years old or less than 18 years old, with multiple tumor metastases, autoimmune system diseases, with length of ICU stay less than 24 hours, with acute active gastrointestinal bleeding and with incomplete data were excluded. One hundred patients were finally enrolled, with 50 patients in the routine treatment group and 50 patients in the Jiedu Limai decoction group. There were no statistically significant differences in coagulation indexes, infection indicators, inflammatory cytokines and organ function indicators before treatment between the two groups. After 7 days of treatment, the coagulation indexes, infection biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in the Jiedu Limai decoction group were significantly lower than those in the routine treatment group [D-dimer (mg/L): 2.2 (1.8, 8.5) vs. 4.0 (1.5, 8.7), fibrinogen (Fib, g/L): 3.7 (3.4, 4.3) vs. 4.2 (3.7, 4.3), fibrinogen degradation product (FDP, mg/L): 7.2 (5.4, 10.2) vs. 13.2 (9.2, 15.2), procalcitonin (PCT, μg/L): 0.4 (0.2, 2.9) vs. 0.5 (0.2, 0.9), C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L): 50.1 (9.5, 116.0) vs. 75.1 (23.5, 115.2), interleukin-6 (IL-6, ng/L): 31.6 (21.6, 81.0) vs. 44.1 (14.0, 71.3), all P < 0.05], and the levels of B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were significantly lowered [BNP (ng/L): 261.1 (87.5, 360.3) vs. 347.3 (128.8, 439.4), KIM-1 (μg/L): 0.86 (0.01, 1.40) vs. 1.24 (1.05, 1.57), both P < 0.05]. Compared with the routine treatment group, the number of new organ failure in the Jiedu Limai decoction group was decreased (30.0% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups (P > 0.05), the 28-day mortality in the Jiedu Limai decoction group was lower than that in the routine treatment group (18.0% vs. 24.0%). CONCLUSIONS Combining Jiedu Limai decoction to the sepsis guideline in treating syndrome of heat-toxin exuberance can effectively improve patients' coagulation function, the situation of heart and renal injury, reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines, and fewer people develop new organ failure after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhihuang Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Songjiang Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Songjiang Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China. Corresponding author: Zhou Zhigang,
| | - Jinfang Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
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Huang G, Wang Y, Shi Y, Ma X, Tao M, Zang X, Qi Y, Qiao C, Du L, Sheng L, Zhuang S, Liu N. The prognosis and risk factors of baseline high peritoneal transporters on patients with peritoneal dialysis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8628-8644. [PMID: 34309202 PMCID: PMC8435427 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between baseline high peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) and the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remains unclear. The present study combined clinical data and basic experiments to investigate the impact of baseline PSTR and the underlying molecular mechanisms. A total of 204 incident CAPD patients from four PD centres in Shanghai between 1 January 2014 and 30 September 2020 were grouped based on a peritoneal equilibration test after the first month of dialysis. Analysed with multivariate Cox and logistic regression models, baseline high PSTR was a significant risk factor for technique failure (AHR 5.70; 95% CI 1.581 to 20.548 p = 0.008). Baseline hyperuricemia was an independent predictor of mortality (AHR 1.006 95%CI 1.003 to 1.008, p < 0.001) and baseline high PSTR (AOR 1.007; 95%CI 1.003 to 1.012; p = 0.020). Since uric acid was closely related to high PSTR and adverse prognosis, the in vitro experiments were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of which uric acid affected peritoneum. We found hyperuricemia induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells by activating TGF‐β1/Smad3 signalling pathway and nuclear transcription factors. Conclusively, high baseline PSTR induced by hyperuricaemia through EMT was an important reason of poor outcomes in CAPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guansen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Shi Y, Ni J, Tao M, Ma X, Wang Y, Zang X, Hu Y, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Elevated expression of HDAC6 in clinical peritoneal dialysis patients and its pathogenic role on peritoneal angiogenesis. Ren Fail 2021; 42:890-901. [PMID: 32862739 PMCID: PMC7472510 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1811119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, its complications, such as peritoneal fibrosis (PF) and angiogenesis can cause ultrafiltration failure and PD termination. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been demonstrated to be involved in PF. However, its underlying role in peritoneal angiogenesis is still unknown and clinical value needs to be explored. In this study, we analyzed the expression of HDAC6 in the peritoneum from patients with non-PD and PD-related peritonitis and dialysis effluent from stable PD patients. Our study revealed that HDAC6 expressed highly in the peritoneum with peritonitis and co-stained with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a biomarker of the myofibroblast. And the level of HDAC6 in the dialysate increased with time and positively correlated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and negatively with cancer antigen 125 (CA125). In vitro, blockading HDAC6 with a selective inhibitor tubastatin A (TA) or silencing HDAC6 with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) prominently decreased IL-6-stimulated VEGF expression in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), and inhibited proliferation and vasoformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TA or HDAC6 siRNA also suppressed the expression of Wnt1, β-catenin, and the phosphorylation of STAT3 in IL-6-treated HPMCs. In summary, HDAC6 inhibition protects against PD-induced angiogenesis through suppression of IL-6/STAT3 and Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway, subsequently reducing the VEGF production and angiogenesis. It could become a new therapeutic target or forecast biomarker for PF, inflammation, and angiogenesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Ma X, Tao M, Hu Y, Tang L, Lu J, Shi Y, Chen H, Chen S, Wang Y, Cui B, Du L, Liang W, Huang G, Zhou X, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Zang X, Liu N. Clinical outcomes, quality of life, and costs evaluation of peritoneal dialysis management models in Shanghai Songjiang District: a multi-center and prospective cohort study. Ren Fail 2021; 43:754-765. [PMID: 33913395 PMCID: PMC8901286 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1918164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The new Family-Community-Hospital (FCH) three-level comprehensive management aimed to improve the efficiency and scale of peritoneal dialysis (PD) to meet the increased population of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Our study focused on the clinical outcomes, quality of life, and costs evaluation of this model in a multi-center and prospective cohort study. Methods: A total of 190 ESRD patients who commenced PD at Shanghai Songjiang District were enrolled. According to different PD management models, patients were divided into the Family-Community-Hospital three-level management model (n = 90) and the conventional all-course central hospital management model (n = 100). The primary outcome was clinical outcomes of PD. The secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and medical costs evaluation. Results: Compared to conventional management, community-based FCH management achieved a similar dialysis therapeutic effect, including dropout rate (p = 0.366), peritonitis rate (p = 0.965), patient survival (p = 0.441), and technique survival (p = 0.589). Follow-up data showed that similar levels of the renal and peritoneal functions, serum albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride, PTH, serum calcium, and phosphorus between the two groups (all p > 0.05). HRQOL survey showed that the FCH management model helped to improve the psychological status of PD patients, including social functioning (p = 0.006), role-emotional (p = 0.032), and mental health (p = 0.036). FCH management also reduced the hospitalization (p = 0.009) and outpatient visits (p = 0.001) and saved annual hospitalization costs (p = 0.005), outpatient costs (p = 0.026), and transport costs (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Compared with conventional management, community-based FCH management achieved similar outcomes, improved psychological health, reduced medical budgets, and thus had a good social prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Emergency Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasun Lu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guansen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zang X, Jian C, Ingersoll S, Li H, Adams JJ, Lu Z, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Laser-engineered heavy hydrocarbons: Old materials with new opportunities. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz5231. [PMID: 32494645 PMCID: PMC7182407 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic heavy hydrocarbons (HHs) such as coal, tar, and pitch are a family of materials with extremely rich and complex chemistry, representing a massive opportunity for their use in a range of potential applications. The present work shows that optimal selection of initial HHs based on molecular constituents is essential in tuning the material for a particular and targeted electronic application. Combining the selection of feedstock chemistry (H:C and aromatic content) and controlling variable laser treatment parameters (laser power, speed, and focus) lead to full control over the H:C ratio, sp2 concentration, and degree of graphitic stacking order of the products. The broad intertunability of these factors results from a wide distribution of carbon material crystallinity from amorphous to highly graphitic and a broad distribution of electrical conductivity up to 103 S/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C. Jian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - S. Ingersoll
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huashan Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - J. J. Adams
- Western Research Institute, Laramie, WY 82072, USA
| | - Z. Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - N. Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.C.G.); (N.F.)
| | - J. C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.C.G.); (N.F.)
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12
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Zang X, Du X, Li L, Mei C. Complications and outcomes of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease in China: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032849. [PMID: 32205371 PMCID: PMC7103849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the complications and survival of elderly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who received urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) or urgent-start haemodialysis (USHD), and to explore the value of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as the emergent dialysis method for elderly patients with ESRD. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two tertiary care hospitals in Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS Chinese patients (n=542) >65 years of age with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤15 mL/min/m2 who received urgent-start dialysis between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015, and with at least 3 months of treatment. Patients who converted to other dialysis methods, regardless of the initial dialysis method, were excluded, as well as those with comorbidities that could significantly affect their dialysis outcomes. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Dialysis-related complications and survival were compared. Patients were followed until death, stopped PD, transfer to other dialysis centres, loss to follow-up or 31 December 2016. RESULTS There were 309 patients in the USPD group and 233 in the USHD group. The rate of dialysis-related complications within 30 days after catheter implantation was significantly lower in the USPD group compared with the USHD group (4.5% vs 10.7%, p=0.031). The 6-month and 1, 2 and 3-year survival rates were 95.3%, 91.4%, 86.6% and 64.8% in the USPD group, and 92.2%, 85.7%, 70.2% and 57.8% in the USHD group, respectively (p=0.023). The multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that USHD (HR=2.220, 95% CI 1.298 to 3.790; p=0.004), age (HR=1.025, 95% CI 1.013 to 1.043, p<0.001) and hypokalaemia (HR=0.678, 95% CI 0.487 to 0.970; p=0.032) were independently associated with death. CONCLUSIONS USPD was associated with slightly better survival compared with USHD. USPD was associated with fewer complications and better survival than USHD in elderly patients with ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu Du
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlin Mei
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Ma X, Shi Y, Tao M, Jiang X, Wang Y, Zang X, Fang L, Jiang W, Du L, Jin D, Zhuang S, Liu N. Analysis of risk factors and outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients with early-onset peritonitis: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e029949. [PMID: 32060152 PMCID: PMC7045164 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk factors associated with early-onset peritonitis (EOP) and their influence on patients' technique survival and mortality. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, cohort study. SETTING Three peritoneal dialysis (PD) units in Shanghai. PARTICIPANTS PD patients from 1 June 2006 to 1 May 2018 were recruited and followed up until 31 December 2018. According to time-to-first episode of peritonitis, patients were divided into non-peritonitis (n=144), EOP (≤6 months, n=74) and late-onset peritonitis (LOP) (>6 months, n=139). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES EOP was defined as the first episode of peritonitis occurring within 6 months after the initiation of PD. The outcomes were all-cause mortality and technique failure. RESULTS Of the 357 patients, 74 (20.7%) patients developed their first episode of peritonitis within the first 6 months. Compared with the LOP group, the EOP group had older ages, more female patients, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, lower serum albumin levels and renal function at the time of initiation of PD, and higher diabetes mellitus and peritonitis rates (p<0.05). Staphylococcus was the most common Gram-positive organism in both EOP and LOP groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors associated with EOP included a higher CCI score (OR 1.285, p=0.011), lower serum albumin level (OR 0.924, p=0.016) and lower Kt/V (OR 0.600, p=0.018) at start of PD. In the Cox proportional-hazards model, EOP was more likely a predictor of technique failure (HR 1.801, p=0.051). There was no difference between EOP and LOP for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION A higher CCI score and lower serum albumin level and Kt/V at PD initiation were significantly associated with EOP. EOP also predicted a high peritonitis rate and poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dewei Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Growcott EJ, Cariaga TA, Morris L, Zang X, Lopez S, Ansaldi DA, Gold J, Gamboa L, Roth T, Simmons RL, Osborne CS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel monobactam LYS228 in a neutropenic murine thigh model of infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:108-116. [PMID: 30325447 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The neutropenic murine thigh infection model and a dose-fractionation approach were used to determine the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of LYS228, a novel monobactam antibiotic with activity against Enterobacteriaceae including carbapenem-resistant strains. Methods Mice (n = 4 per group) were inoculated with Enterobacteriaceae strains via intramuscular injection. Two hours post-bacterial inoculation, treatment with LYS228 was initiated. Animals were euthanized with CO2 24 h after the start of therapy and bacterial counts (log10 cfu) per thigh were determined. PK parameters were calculated using free (f) plasma drug levels. Results Following a dose-fractionation study, non-linear regression analysis determined that the predominant PK/PD parameter associated with antibacterial efficacy of LYS228 was the percentage of the dosing interval that free drug concentrations remained above the MIC (%fT>MIC). In a dose-dependent manner, LYS228 reduced the thigh bacterial burden in models established with Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamase enzymes of all classes (e.g. ESBLs, NDM-1, KPC, CMY-2 and OXA-48). The range of the calculated static dose was 86-649 mg/kg/day for the isolates tested, and the magnitude of the driver of efficacy was 37-83 %fT>MIC. %fT>MIC was confirmed as the parameter predominantly driving efficacy as evidenced by a strong coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.68). Neutrophils had minimal impact on the effect of LYS228 in the murine thigh infection model. Conclusions LYS228 is efficacious in murine thigh infection models using β-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae, including those expressing metallo-β-lactamases, ESBLs and serine carbapenemases, with the PK/PD driver of efficacy identified as %T>MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Growcott
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - T A Cariaga
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - L Morris
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - X Zang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - S Lopez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - D A Ansaldi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - J Gold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - L Gamboa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - T Roth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - R L Simmons
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - C S Osborne
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
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15
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Shi Y, Tao M, Wang Y, Zang X, Ma X, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Genetic or pharmacologic blockade of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibits the progression of peritoneal fibrosis. J Pathol 2019; 250:79-94. [PMID: 31579944 DOI: 10.1002/path.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many cancers. However, the role of EZH2 in peritoneal fibrosis remains unknown. We investigated EZH2 expression in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and assessed its role in peritoneal fibrosis in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and murine models of peritoneal fibrosis induced by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) or high glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) by using 3-deazaneplanocin A (3-DZNeP), and EZH2 conditional knockout mice. An abundance of EZH2 was detected in the peritoneum of patients with PD associated peritonitis and the dialysis effluent of long-term PD patients, which was positively correlated with expression of TGF-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-6. EZH2 was found highly expressed in the peritoneum of mice following injury by CG or PDF. In both mouse models, treatment with 3-DZNeP attenuated peritoneal fibrosis and inhibited activation of several profibrotic signaling pathways, including TGF-β1/Smad3, Notch1, epidermal growth factor receptor and Src. EZH2 inhibition also inhibited STAT3 and nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation, and reduced lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis in the injured peritoneum. 3-DZNeP effectively improved high glucose PDF-associated peritoneal dysfunction by decreasing the dialysate-to-plasma ratio of blood urea nitrogen and increasing the ratio of dialysate glucose at 2 h after PDF injection to initial dialysate glucose. Moreover, delayed administration of 3-DZNeP inhibited peritoneal fibrosis progression, reversed established peritoneal fibrosis and reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. Finally, EZH2-KO mice exhibited less peritoneal fibrosis than EZH2-WT mice. In HPMCs, treatment with EZH2 siRNA or 3-DZNeP suppressed TGF-β1-induced upregulation of α-SMA and Collagen I and preserved E-cadherin. These results indicate that EZH2 is a key epigenetic regulator that promotes peritoneal fibrosis. Targeting EZH2 may have the potential to prevent and treat peritoneal fibrosis. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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16
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Ni Z, Jin H, Jiang G, Wang N, Peng A, Guo Z, Bai S, Zhou R, Lu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhuang S, Yu C, Deng Y, Jin H, Xu X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Yu X, Wang X, Zhang L, Niu J, Liu K, Bao X, Wang Q, Ma J, Hu C, Zang X, Yu Q. A Telemedicine-Based Registration System for the Management of Renal Anemia in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: Multicenter Study. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e13168. [PMID: 31344676 PMCID: PMC6682288 DOI: 10.2196/13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal anemia is one of the most important complications in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Telehealth-based dialysis registration systems have the advantage of real-time monitoring and have gradually been applied to the management of chronic diseases. Objective The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of a telehealth-based dialysis registration system on patients on MHD in terms of renal anemia control. Methods The Red China project aimed to develop a dialysis registration system based on the WeChat mobile platform. Demographic and baseline laboratory parameters such as age, gender, primary disease, dialysis age, and baseline creatinine levels were recorded using this system. In addition, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were recorded monthly. The platform then generated a hemoglobin and hematocrit statistics report for each hemodialysis center monthly, including the detection rate, target rate, and distribution of hemoglobin and released it to physicians via the WeChat mobile phone app. The physicians were then able to treat the individual’s anemia appropriately by changing the doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or iron use on the basis of this report. We analyzed the demographic and baseline laboratory parameters, detection rate, target rate, and average level and distribution of hemoglobin 28 months after the launch of the project. Results A total of 8392 patients on MHD from 28 hemodialysis centers in Shanghai were enrolled from June 2015 to October 2017. The detection rate of hemoglobin increased from 54.18% to 73.61% (P<.001), the target rate of hemoglobin increased from 47.55% to 56.07% (P<.001), and the mean level of hemoglobin increased from 10.83 (SD 1. 60) g/dL to 11.07 (SD 1.60) g/dL (P<.001). In addition, the proportion of patients with hemoglobin levels ≥11 g/dL but <13 g/dL increased from 40.40% to 47.48%. Conclusions This telehealth-based dialysis registration system can provide timely reporting of the anemia status in patients on MHD, which may improve the awareness of anemia and the attention to and compliance with anemia monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiao Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoujun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Jiulingwu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong New District Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuzhi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Navy Characteristic Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhabei Central Hospital, Jingan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Niu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Jingan District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, No. 9 People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
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17
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Growcott EJ, Cariaga TA, Morris L, Zang X, Lopez S, Ansaldi DA, Gold J, Gamboa L, Roth T, Simmons RL, Osborne CS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel monobactam LYS228 in a neutropenic murine thigh model of infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:280. [PMID: 30412250 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Cheng H, Sharma J, Su C, Li S, Zang X, Perez-Soler R, Halmos B, Borczuk A. Differential expression of immune checkpoints (PD-L1, HHLA2, B7x and B7H3) and their association with driver mutations in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy304.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Xiong C, Zang X, Zhou X, Liu L, Masucci MV, Tang J, Li X, Liu N, Bayliss G, Zhao TC, Zhuang S. Pharmacological inhibition of Src kinase protects against acute kidney injury in a murine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31238-31253. [PMID: 28415724 PMCID: PMC5458204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Src kinase has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute brain, liver, and lung injury. However, the role of Src in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unestablished. To address this, we evaluated the effects of Src inhibition on renal dysfunction and pathological changes in a murine model of AKI induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). I/R injury to the kidney resulted in increased Src phosphorylation at tyrosine 416 (activation). Administration of PP1, a highly selective Src inhibitor, blocked Src phosphorylation, improved renal function and ameliorated renal pathological damage. PP1 treatment also suppressed renal expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and reduced apoptosis in the injured kidney. Moreover, Src inhibition prevented downregulation of several adherens and tight junction proteins, including E-cadherin, ZO-1, and claudins-1/−4 in the kidney after I/R injury as well as in cultured renal proximal tubular cells following oxidative stress. Finally, PP1 inhibited I/R–induced renal expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinases1/2, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, and nuclear factor-κB, and the infiltration of macrophages into the kidney. These data indicate that Src is a pivotal mediator of renal epithelial injury and that its inhibition may have a therapeutic potential to treat AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiang Xiong
- Departments of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Monica V Masucci
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jinhua Tang
- Departments of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xuezhu Li
- Departments of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Na Liu
- Departments of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Departments of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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20
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Xiong C, Masucci MV, Zhou X, Liu N, Zang X, Tolbert E, Zhao TC, Zhuang S. Pharmacological targeting of BET proteins inhibits renal fibroblast activation and alleviates renal fibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69291-69308. [PMID: 27732564 PMCID: PMC5342478 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors have been shown to effectively inhibit tumorgenesis and ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by targeting bromodomain proteins that bind acetylated chromatin markers. However, their pharmacological effects in renal fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of I-BET151, a selective and potent BET inhibitor, on renal fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. In cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts, exposure of cells to I-BET151, or silencing of bromodoma in-containing protein 4 (Brd4), a key BET protein isoform, significantly reduced their activation as indicated by decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen 1 and fibronectin. In a murine model of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), administration of I-BET151 suppressed the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, renal fibroblast activation and macrophage infiltration. Mechanistically, I-BET151 treatment abrogated UUO-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet growth factor receptor-β. It also inhibited the activation of Smad-3, STAT3 and NF-κB pathways, as well as the expression of c-Myc and P53 transcription factors in the kidney. Moreover, BET inhibition resulted in the reduction of renal epithelial cells arrested at the G2/M phase of cell cycle after UUO injury. Finally, injury to the kidney up-regulated Brd4, and I-BET151 treatment abrogated its expression. Brd4 was also highly expressed in human fibrotic kidneys. These data indicate that BET proteins are implicated in the regulation of signaling pathways and transcription factors associated with renal fibrogenesis, and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of BET proteins could be a potential treatment for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Monica V Masucci
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Evelyn Tolbert
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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21
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Chen Z, Zang X, Liu M, Liu M, Li J, Gu Z, Ma L. Abnormal Alterations of Cortical Thickness in 16 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot MRI Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 32:75-2. [PMID: 28693687 DOI: 10.24920/j1001-9294.2017.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the cerebral cortical thickness changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a whole brain cortical thickness mapping system based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods High resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MR images were obtained from 16 patients with T2DM, as well as from 16 normal controls. The whole brain cortical thickness maps were generated, and the cortical thickness of each brain region was calculated according to gyral based regions of interest (ROI) using an automated labeling system by the Freesurfer software. We compared mean cortical thickness at each brain region by the analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates. The regional difference of the cortical thickness over the whole brain was compared by the analysis of surface-based cortical thickness.Results Mean cortical thicknesses analysis showed bilateral cerebrum in the patients with T2DM (left: 2.52±0.07 mm; right: 2.51±0.08 mm) were significant thinner than those in the normal controls (left: 2.56±0.09 mm; right: 2.56±0.09 mm) (both P<0.05). Regional cortical thinning in T2DM was demonstrated in the paracentral lobule, postcentral gyrus, lateral occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, precuneus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus, compared to the normal controls. The cortical thickness of left middle cingulate and right inferior temporal gyrus were negatively correlated with the disease course.Conclusion A widespread cortical thinning was revealed in patients with T2DM by the analysis of brain cortical thickness on MR. Our finding supports the idea that T2DM could lead to subtle diabetic brain structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Chen
- 1 Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;2 Department of Radiology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital, Shizuishan, Ningxia 753000, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- 1 Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;2 Department of Radiology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhaoyan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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22
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Zhou X, Zang X, Ponnusamy M, Masucci MV, Tolbert E, Gong R, Zhao TC, Liu N, Bayliss G, Dworkin LD, Zhuang S. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Inhibition Attenuates Renal Fibrosis by Maintaining Smad7 and Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2092-108. [PMID: 26701983 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a methyltransferase that induces histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and functions as an oncogenic factor in many cancer types. However, the role of EZH2 in renal fibrogenesis remains unexplored. In this study, we found high expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in cultured renal fibroblasts and fibrotic kidneys from mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction and humans with CKD. Pharmacologic inhibition of EZH2 with 3-deazaneplanocin A (3-DZNeP) or GSK126 or siRNA-mediated silencing of EZH2 inhibited serum- and TGFβ1-induced activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts in vitro, and 3-DZNeP administration abrogated deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and expression of α-smooth muscle actin in the obstructed kidney. Injury to the kidney enhanced Smad7 degradation, Smad3 phosphorylation, and TGFβ receptor 1 expression, and 3-DZNeP administration prevented these effects. 3-DZNeP also suppressed phosphorylation of the renal EGF and PDGFβ receptors and downstream signaling molecules signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 after injury. Moreover, EZH2 inhibition increased the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a protein previously associated with dephosphorylation of tyrosine kinase receptors in the injured kidney and serum-stimulated renal interstitial fibroblasts. Finally, blocking PTEN with SF1670 largely diminished the inhibitory effect of 3-DZNeP on renal myofibroblast activation. These results uncovered the important role of EZH2 in mediating the development of renal fibrosis by downregulating expression of Smad7 and PTEN, thus activating profibrotic signaling pathways. Targeted inhibition of EZH2, therefore, could be a novel therapy for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Monica V Masucci
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Evelyn Tolbert
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rujun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Wang L, Liu N, Xiong C, Xu L, Shi Y, Qiu A, Zang X, Mao H, Zhuang S. Inhibition of EGF Receptor Blocks the Development and Progression of Peritoneal Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2631-44. [PMID: 26677863 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of EGF receptor (EGFR) have antifibrotic effects in several organs, but the effect of these inhibitors on the development of peritoneal fibrosis is unknown. Here, we explored the therapeutic effect of gefitinib, a specific inhibitor of EGFR, on the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model. Daily intraperitoneal injections of chlorhexidine gluconate induced peritoneal fibrosis, indicated by thickening of the submesothelial area with an accumulation of collagen fibrils and activation of myofibroblasts, accompanied by time-dependent phosphorylation of EGFR. Administration of gefitinib immediately after injury prevented the onset of peritoneal fibrosis and delayed administration after the onset of peritoneal fibrosis halted fibrosis progression. Gefitinib treatment abrogated the increased phosphorylation of EGFR, Smad3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and NF-κB during peritoneal fibrosis; it also inhibited the accompanying overproduction of TGF-β1 and proinflammatory cytokines and the infiltration of macrophages to the injured peritoneum. Moreover, gefitinib significantly reduced the peritoneal increase of CD31-positive blood vessels and vascular EGF-positive cells after injury. Finally, gefitinib also attenuated high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats and abrogated TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells. These results demonstrate that EGFR contributes to peritoneal fibrosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis, suggesting that EGFR inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in attenuating peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Providence, China; and
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Li L, Jia Y, Li P, Yin S, Zhang G, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Zang X, Ding Y. Expression and activity of V-H+ -ATPase in gill and kidney of marbled eel Anguilla marmorata in response to salinity challenge. J Fish Biol 2015; 87:28-42. [PMID: 26040212 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The full-length complementary (c)DNA of vacuolar-type-H(+) -ATPase B1 gene (vhab1) in marbled eel Anguilla marmorata with 1741 base pairs (bp) was identified. It contained a 1512 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide with 503 amino acids (55·9 kDa), an 83 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and a 146 bp 3'-UTR. The expression levels of A. marmorata vhab1 in gill and kidney of A. marmorata were evaluated at different intervals during the exposure to various salinities (0, 10 and 25). The results indicated that the expression levels of A. marmorata vhab1 messenger (m)RNA in gill and kidney had a significant increase and reached the highest level at 1 h in brackish water (BW, salinity 10) group and 6 h in seawater (SW, salinity 25) group. Therefore, salinity did affect the relative expression level of A. marmorata vhab1 mRNA in gills, which exhibited the enhancement by c. 44 times in SW group when compared with that in fresh water. No remarkable difference in the expression of A. marmorata vhab1 mRNA was observed after 15 days of SW exposure (P > 0·05). V-H(+) -ATPase activity exhibited an increase by two- to three-fold when compared with that in gill and kidney from the control group. The consequence primarily suggested that A. marmorata vhab1 gene product in elvers from A. marmorata plays an important role in adaptation response to SW.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Y Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - P Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - S Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - G Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - X Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Y Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - X Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - X Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Y Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
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Pawar RD, Goilav B, Xia Y, Herlitz L, Doerner J, Chalmers S, Ghosh K, Zang X, Putterman C. B7x/B7-H4 modulates the adaptive immune response and ameliorates renal injury in antibody-mediated nephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:329-43. [PMID: 25205493 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the leading causes of death in patients with lupus and other autoimmune diseases affecting the kidney, and is associated with deposition of antibodies as well as infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages, which are responsible for initiation and/or exacerbation of inflammation and tissue injury. Current treatment options have relatively limited efficacy; therefore, novel targets need to be explored. The co-inhibitory molecule, B7x, a new member of the B7 family expressed predominantly by non-lymphoid tissues, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation, activation and functional responses of CD4 and CD8 T cells. In this study, we found that B7x was expressed by intrinsic renal cells, and was up-regulated upon stimulation with inflammatory triggers. After passive administration of antibodies against glomerular antigens, B7x(-/-) mice developed severe renal injury accompanied by a robust adaptive immune response and kidney up-regulation of inflammatory mediators, as well as local infiltration of T cells and macrophages. Furthermore, macrophages in the spleen of B7x(-/-) mice were polarized to an inflammatory phenotype. Finally, treatment with B7x-immunoglobulin (Ig) in this nephritis model decreased kidney damage and reduced local inflammation. We propose that B7x can modulate kidney damage in autoimmune diseases including lupus nephritis and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Thus, B7x mimetics may be a novel therapeutic option for treatment of immune-mediated kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Pawar
- The Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
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Zang X, Zheng F, Hong HJ, Jiang Y, Song Y, Xia Y. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin protects renal tubular epithelial cells in hypoxia–reperfusion by reducing apoptosis. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:1673-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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An S, Zang X, Yuan W, Zhuge Y, Yu Q. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) May Play a Protective Role Against Rats Ischemia/Reperfusion Renal Injury via Inhibiting Tubular Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. Ren Fail 2012; 35:143-9. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.741877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Thompson RH, Zang X, Lohse CM, Leibovich BC, Slovin SF, Reuter VE, Blute ML, Russo P, Kwon ED, Allison JP. Evaluation of soluble B7x as a serum marker in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Zhang L, Zang X, Xu J, Xie P, Zhu Z, Su J. Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes of three gorges reservoir after impoundment. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2007; 78:262-4. [PMID: 17492243 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Jhingran A, Yom S, Zang X, Eifel P. Recurrence Above the Radiotherapy Field After Definitive Treatment of Cervix Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Falcone FH, Loke P, Zang X, MacDonald AS, Maizels RM, Allen JE. A Brugia malayi homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor reveals an important link between macrophages and eosinophil recruitment during nematode infection. J Immunol 2001; 167:5348-54. [PMID: 11673551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections with the helminth parasite Brugia malayi share many key features with Th2-mediated allergic diseases, including recruitment of eosinophils. We have investigated the dynamics of inflammatory cell recruitment under type 2 cytokine conditions in mice infected with B. malayi. Among the cells recruited to the site of infection is a novel population of "alternatively activated" macrophages that ablate cell proliferation and enhance Th2 differentiation. By profiling gene expression in this macrophage population, we found a dramatic up-regulation of a recently described eosinophil chemotactic factor, eosinophil chemotactic factor-L/Ym1, representing over 9% of clones randomly selected from a cDNA library. Because B. malayi is known to secrete homologs (Bm macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-1 and -2) of the human cytokine MIF, we chose to investigate the role this cytokine mimic may play in the development of the novel macrophage phenotype observed during infection. Strikingly, administration of soluble recombinant Bm-MIF-1 was able to reproduce the effects of live parasites, leading both to the up-regulation of Ym1 by macrophages and a marked recruitment of eosinophils in vivo. Because activity of Bm-MIF-1 is dependent upon an amino-terminal proline, this residue was mutated to glycine; the resultant recombinant (Bm-MIF-1G) was unable to induce Ym1 transcription in macrophages or to mediate the recruitment of eosinophils. These data suggest that macrophages may provide a crucial link between helminth parasites, their active cytokine mimics, and the recruitment of eosinophils in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Falcone
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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32
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33
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Abstract
Helminth parasites have large genomes (approximately 10(8) bp) which are likely to encode a spectrum of products able to block or divert the host immune response. We have employed three parallel approaches to identify the first generation of 'immune evasion genes' from parasites such as the filarial nematode Brugia malayi. The first strategy is a conventional route to characterise prominent surface or secreted antigens. In this way we have identified a 15-kDa protein, which is located on the surface of both L3 and adult B. malayi, and secreted by these parasites in vitro, as a member of the cystatin (cysteine protease inhibitor) family. This product, Bm-CPI-2, blocks conventional cysteine proteases such as papain, but also the aspariginyl endopeptidase involved in the Class II antigen processing pathway in human B cells. In parallel, we identified the major T cell-stimulating antigen from the microfilarial stage as a serpin (serine protease inhibitor), Bm-SPN-2. Microfilariae secrete this product which blocks two key proteases of the neutrophil, a key mediator of inflammation and innate immunity. The second route involves a priori hypotheses that helminth parasites encode homologues of mammalian cytokines such as TGF-beta which are members of broad, ancient metazoan gene families. We have identified two TGF-beta homologues in B. malayi, and shown that one form (Bm-TGH-2) is both secreted by adult parasites in vitro and able to bind to host TGF-beta receptors. Likewise, B. malayi expresses homologues of mammalian MIF, which are remarkably similar in both structure and function to the host protein, even though amino acid identity is only 28%. Finally, we deployed a third method of selecting critical genes, using an expression-based criterion to select abundant mRNAs taken from key points in parasite life histories. By this means, we have shown that the major transcript present in mosquito-borne infective larvae, Bm-ALT, is a credible vaccine candidate for use against lymphatic filariasis, while a second abundantly-expressed gene, Bm-VAL-1, is similar to a likely vaccine antigen being developed against hookworm parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Maizels
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
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Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitors are encoded by a large gene family of long evolutionary standing. Recent discoveries of parasite proteins that inhibit human serine proteinases, together with the complete genomic sequence from Caenorhabditis elegans, have provided a set of new serine proteinase inhibitors from more primitive metazoan animals such as nematodes. The structural features (e.g. reactive centre residues), gene organization (including intron arrangements) and inhibitory function and targets (e.g. inflammatory and coagulation pathway proteinase) all contribute important new insights into proteinase inhibitor evolution. Some parasite products have evolved that block enzymes in the mammalian host, but the human host responds with a significant immune response to the parasite inhibitors. Thus, infection produces a finely balanced conflict between host and pathogen at the molecular level, and this might have accelerated the evolution of these proteins in parasitic species as well as their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dept of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.
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Abstract
Nitriles are a class of compounds with potential relevance to human health. Allylnitrile, one of nitriles, induces persistent behavioral abnormalities in mice. To explore what type of neuronal system is involved in these behavioral abnormalities, five neuronal markers, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, the serotonin transporter and choline acetyltransferase were immunohistochemically examined within various brain structures in allylnitrile and vehicle-treated mice. Allylnitrile induced changes in the immunolabelling of GABA in the medial habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, dorsal raphe nucleus and median raphe nucleus; the amount of immunolabelling decreased in all of these brain structures except the medial habenula at 2 days postdosing, and increased in all of these structures at 14 days postdosing. Allylnitrile also induced changes in the amount of immunolabelling of tyrosine hydroxylase in the arcuate nucleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, locus coeruleus and caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus at either 2 or 14 days postdosing, depending on the structures. No immunohistochemical change was seen for serotonin, serotonin transporter and choline acetyltransferase. The present results suggest that the GABAergic systems through the medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus-ascending raphe nuclei relay and through the substantia nigra may be involved in allylnitrile-induced behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanii
- Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
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36
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Zang X, Atmadja AK, Gray P, Allen JE, Gray CA, Lawrence RA, Yazdanbakhsh M, Maizels RM. The serpin secreted by Brugia malayi microfilariae, Bm-SPN-2, elicits strong, but short-lived, immune responses in mice and humans. J Immunol 2000; 165:5161-9. [PMID: 11046048 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the basic immunology of an infectious disease requires insight into the pattern of T cell reactivity and specificity. Although lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease, the predominant T cell Ags of filarial species such as Brugia malayi are still undefined. We have now identified a prominent T cell Ag from B. malayi microfilariae (Mf) as Bm-SPN-2, a serpin secreted exclusively by this stage. Mf-infected mice mounted strong, but short-lived, Bm-SPN-2-specific Th1 responses, measured by in vitro production of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5, 14 days postinfection. By day 35, responsiveness to Bm-SPN-2 was lost despite enhanced reactivity to whole Mf extract. Single immunization with Mf extract also stimulated typical Th1 reactions to Bm-SPN-2, but IgG1 Ab responses dominated after repeated immunizations. Human patients displayed potent humoral responses to Bm-SPN-2 in both IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. Thus, 100% (20 of 20) of the microfilaremic (MF(+)) patients bore IgG4 responses to Bm-SPN-2, while only 30% of endemic normal subjects were similarly positive. Following chemotherapy, Bm-SPN-2-specific Abs disappeared in 12 of 13 MF(+) patients, although the majority remained seropositive for whole parasite extract. PBMC from most, but not all, endemic subjects were induced to secrete IFN-gamma when stimulated with Bm-SPN-2. These findings demonstrate that Bm-SPN-2 is recognized by both murine and human T and B cells and indicate that their responses are under relatively stringent temporal control. This study also provides the first example of a stage-specific secreted molecule that acts as a major T cell Ag from filarial parasites and is a prime candidate for a serodiagnostic probe.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Helminth/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- Brugia malayi/enzymology
- Brugia malayi/growth & development
- Brugia malayi/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Filariasis/drug therapy
- Filariasis/immunology
- Filariasis/parasitology
- Helminth Proteins
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-5/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Microfilariae/enzymology
- Microfilariae/growth & development
- Microfilariae/immunology
- Serpins/administration & dosage
- Serpins/immunology
- Serpins/isolation & purification
- Serpins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zang
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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37
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Zang X, Yazdanbakhsh M, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Maizels RM. A novel serpin expressed by blood-borne microfilariae of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi inhibits human neutrophil serine proteinases. Blood 1999; 94:1418-28. [PMID: 10438730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) play a vital regulatory role in a wide range of biological processes, and serpins from viruses have been implicated in pathogen evasion of the host defence system. For the first time, we report a functional serpin gene from nematodes that may function in this manner. This gene, named Bm-spn-2, has been isolated from the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, a causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot experiments indicate that Bm-spn-2 is expressed only by microfilariae (Mf), which are the long-lived blood-dwelling larval stage. A survey of the greater than 14,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from B malayi deposited in dbEST shows that greater than 2% of the ESTs sequenced from Mf cDNA libraries correspond to Bm-spn-2. Despite its abundance in the microfilarial stage, Bm-spn-2 has not been found in any other point in the life cycle. The predicted protein encoded by Bm-spn-2 contains 428 amino acids with a putative signal peptide. Antibodies to recombinant Bm-SPN-2 protein react specifically with a 47.5-kD native protein in Mf extract. Bm-SPN-2 is one of the largest of the 93 known serpins, due to a 22 amino acid carboxy-terminal extension, and contains the conserved serpin signature sequence. Outside these regions, levels of homology are low, and only a distant relationship can been seen to a Caenorhabditis elegans serpin. The Bm-spn-2 gene contains 6 introns, 2 of which appear to be shared by both nematode species. The B malayi introns have an extended and conserved 3' splice site and are relatively large compared with C elegans. A panel of mammalian serine proteinases were screened and Bm-SPN-2 protein was found to specifically inhibit enzymatic activity of human neutrophil cathepsin G and human neutrophil elastase, but not a range of other serine proteinases. It is possible that Bm-SPN-2 could function as a stage-specific serpin in the blood environment of the microfilarial parasite in protection from human immunity and thus may be a good candidate for protective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zang
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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38
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Abstract
During the screening of a soluble library of cyclo(AXXXXXAE)K-CONH2, a cyclic peptide cyclo(AHPQFPAE)K-CONH2 was identified as a tight-binding ligand (IC50 = 128 nM) and found to bind 1000-fold more tightly than its linear peptide to streptavidin. The results of this study suggest that library screening of conformationally constrained cyclic peptides can be an effective means for the discovery of high affinity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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39
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Du B, Wei Q, Zang X, Zhang B. [Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of trace manganese in theragran-M with Mn (II)-KIO4-NTA-coomassie brilliant blue G250]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 1998; 27:133-5. [PMID: 10682625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A new indicator reaction is developed on the basis of manganese catalyzed oxidation of coomassie brilliant blue G250 by potassium periodate with nitrilotriaetic acid as an activator. The detection limit for manganese is 6.76 x 10(-8) g/L. The linear range of determination is 0.02-0.30 microgram/25 mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Du
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Shandong Institute of Building Materials, Jinan, China
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40
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Abstract
"In recent years Asian-Australians, especially those born in Indochina, have become a target of criticism by anti-immigration groups which accuse them of choosing to live only in ¿closed societies' and ¿ethnic ghettos' in Australian cities.... Evidence presented in the article shows clearly that while immigrant groups may prefer to settle in close proximity of their family and kin for practical and/or emotional reasons, their preference is not ethnically determined.... We also show that affordability, closeness to spouse's work, and neighbourhood services, rather than family and social contacts, are important factors for Asian-born immigrants when they move." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
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41
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Neisig A, Wubbolts R, Zang X, Melief C, Neefjes J. Allele-specific differences in the interaction of MHC class I molecules with transporters associated with antigen processing. J Immunol 1996; 156:3196-206. [PMID: 8617941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
MHC class I molecules bind peptides that are translocated from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum by the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Class I heterodimers have been shown to associate with TAP and are released when loaded with peptide. Here, we show the existence of two pools of class I heterodimers, one associated with TAP and one that is free. Whereas the free pool is recognized by the class I-specific Ab W6/32, the TAP-associated pool is not. Analysis of several class I alleles shows binding to TAP with different efficiencies, even at the earliest time points of MHC class I assembly. Most HLA-A and -C alleles tested interacted efficiently with TAP, whereas a considerable number of HLA-B alleles associated very inefficiently or not at all with TAP. This was also observed in cells with nonfunctional TAP. Sequence comparison of the different class I alleles allowed the definition of amino acids in the peptide binding groove that might be involved in TAP association. Binding of peptides to two different pools of class I heterodimers may ensure efficient peptide association in an environment where peptides have a short life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Neisig
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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42
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Neisig A, Wubbolts R, Zang X, Melief C, Neefjes J. Allele-specific differences in the interaction of MHC class I molecules with transporters associated with antigen processing. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.9.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MHC class I molecules bind peptides that are translocated from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum by the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Class I heterodimers have been shown to associate with TAP and are released when loaded with peptide. Here, we show the existence of two pools of class I heterodimers, one associated with TAP and one that is free. Whereas the free pool is recognized by the class I-specific Ab W6/32, the TAP-associated pool is not. Analysis of several class I alleles shows binding to TAP with different efficiencies, even at the earliest time points of MHC class I assembly. Most HLA-A and -C alleles tested interacted efficiently with TAP, whereas a considerable number of HLA-B alleles associated very inefficiently or not at all with TAP. This was also observed in cells with nonfunctional TAP. Sequence comparison of the different class I alleles allowed the definition of amino acids in the peptide binding groove that might be involved in TAP association. Binding of peptides to two different pools of class I heterodimers may ensure efficient peptide association in an environment where peptides have a short life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Neisig
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - R Wubbolts
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - X Zang
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - C Melief
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - J Neefjes
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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43
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Zang X. Labor market and rural migrants in post-Mao China. Am Asian Rev 1995; 13:78-108. [PMID: 12292901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
"This paper seeks to analyze the social background of rural migrants and patterns of rural outmigration in post-Mao China. In the following, I will first discuss the data for this study. Next, I will briefly examine the Chinese government's policies on rural-to-urban migration and the general patterns of population movement since the early 1950s. Then I will study the dynamics of rural outmigration, analyze the data, and present findings. I will conclude this study with some thoughts on rural migration in post-Mao China." The data are from a large-scale survey conducted in 222 villages in 1986-1987.
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44
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Qian B, Zang X, Liu X. [Effects of bee pollen on lipid peroxides and immune response in aging and malnourished mice]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1990; 15:301-3, 319. [PMID: 2275784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The results showed that the level of hemolysin (HC), the numbers of plaque forming cells (PFC) and specific rosette forming cells (SRFC) in primary response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were markedly lowered and the lipoperoxide level in brain, liver and serum was increased in aging (over 18 months) and malnourished mice fed with ground corn in comparison to normal controls, while HC and the numbers of PFC and SRFC were significantly increased and the lipoperoxide level was markedly decreased after treatment with bee pollen 10 g/kg/d orally for 3 months and with 20% bee pollen-containing ground corn for 3 weeks respectively. The reduction of total protein and albumin contents of serum, DNA, RNA and protein contents of spleen and thymus in mice fed with ground corn can be prevented by adding 20% bee pollen in ground corn diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Qian
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou
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45
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Zang X. Binucleated neurons in the human brain. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989; 102:378-81. [PMID: 2509162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We found binucleated neurons in 8 autopsied brains and one surgical specimen with the numbers varying from one to several. All were found in the brain stem, mostly in the pons, next in the thalamus, and the least in the mid-brain and medulla. None was found in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The ages of the patients varied from 24 days postpartum to 74 years. More binucleated neurons were found in new born babies. The patients suffered from various disease which might be related to ischemic state of the brain. The binucleated neurons might be an abortive hyperplasia of the nerve cells reacting to unfavorable circumstances. According to our observations, binucleated neurons are not very rare.
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46
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Zang X. [A new classification of pituitary adenomas]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1988; 17:260-3. [PMID: 3254753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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47
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Zang X, Zhang SY, Zhang SH, Zhang HX, Shi YF, Wang WJ, Ge QS, Wang ZZ. Pituitary adenomas. Pathologic analysis of 150 cases with light and electron microscopy. Chin Med J (Engl) 1987; 100:352-8. [PMID: 2820660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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48
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Zang X, Nilaver G. Astrocytes of the human, ovine, rat and guinea-pig brain: an immunocytochemical analysis with GFAP antiserum. Chin Med J (Engl) 1986; 99:708-12. [PMID: 2433105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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49
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Osterman J, Calhoun A, Dunham M, Cullum UX, Clark RM, Stewart DD, Scheithauer BW, Zimmerman EA, Defendini R, Zang X. Chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and hypertension in a patient with olfactory neuroblastoma. Evidence of ectopic production of arginine vasopressin by the tumor. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146:1731-5. [PMID: 3753113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A 28-year-old man with the chronic syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and hypertension was found to have an olfactory neuroblastoma. We demonstrated evidence of elevated circulating arginine vasopressin levels, significantly elevated arginine vasopressin and vasopressin neurophysin levels in the tumor extract, and immunohistochemical staining for arginine vasopressin and vasopressin neurophysin in the tumor cells. The patient's clinical syndrome, including hypertension, resolved following subtotal removal of the tumor and radiation therapy. This study identified olfactory neuroblastoma as a definite cause of ectopic arginine vasopressin secretion causing the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
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Zang X. [Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study of 40 cases of pituitary prolactinoma]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1986; 66:231-3. [PMID: 3094880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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