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Galluzzo C, Chiapparoli I, Corrado A, Cantatore FP, Salvarani C, Pipitone N. Rare forms of inflammatory myopathies - part II, localized forms. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:185-191. [PMID: 36469645 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2154655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies traditionally comprise dermatomyositis, polymyositis, the anti-synthetase syndromes, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy and inclusion body myositis. However, there are uncommon localized forms that are less known. In this review, we aimed to cover these uncommon forms. AREAS COVERED We identified rare forms of localized myositis on the basis of list provided by the homepage of the Neuromuscular disease center of Washington University, USA and on the basis of the authors' knowledge. We searched PubMed® for relevant articles on these forms with the aim of providing as much as possible information on their clinical manifestations as well as guidance on their work-up and treatment. EXPERT OPINION herein, we provide un updated description of rare forms of localized myositis. These forms are often difficult to diagnose because of their localized nature and are sometimes misdiagnosed as tumors. Knowledge about these rare forms of localized myositis can aid in their recognition and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Galluzzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiapparoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ada Corrado
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Pipitone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Veronesi F, Di Palma S, Gabrielli S, Morganti G, Milardi GL, Middleton B, Lepri E. Sarcocystis gigantea infection associated with granulomatous eosinophilic myositis in a horse. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:611-615. [PMID: 32687008 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720935847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The only Sarcocystis species currently known to inhabit the fibers of skeletal and cardiac muscles in horses are S. fayeri, S. bertrami, and S. asinus. We describe herein the invasion of myofibers in a horse by S. gigantea, a sheep-specific species with low virulence in the original host. A hunter gelding was referred to a veterinary surgeon in Newmarket (UK). The anamnestic data reported that the horse had an initial history of swelling of the right forelimb with fluid on the front of the carpus and edema spreading up the forearm. Subsequently, 2 firm lumps were found on the left pectoral muscle adjacent to the axilla of the left forelimb. Histologic examination of biopsies from the lumps revealed multifocal granulomatous eosinophilic myositis associated with intact and degenerate encysted parasites, consistent with Sarcocystis spp. Based on amplification and DNA sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, S. gigantea was identified. The presence of sarcocysts in equine skeletal muscles has been considered an incidental finding, and there are only sporadic associated reports of myositis. Our finding suggests that some Sarcocystis spp. have a wider intermediate host range than believed previously, and that Sarcocystis of other species (not considered horse-associated) can invade the muscle fibers of equids, leading to myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (Veronesi, Morganti, Lepri).,Department of Preclinical Development, Aptuit (Verona), Verona, Italy (Di Palma).,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabrielli, Milardi).,Blackdown Equine Clinic, Fernhurst, Haslemere, UK (Middleton)
| | - Stefano Di Palma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (Veronesi, Morganti, Lepri).,Department of Preclinical Development, Aptuit (Verona), Verona, Italy (Di Palma).,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabrielli, Milardi).,Blackdown Equine Clinic, Fernhurst, Haslemere, UK (Middleton)
| | - Simona Gabrielli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (Veronesi, Morganti, Lepri).,Department of Preclinical Development, Aptuit (Verona), Verona, Italy (Di Palma).,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabrielli, Milardi).,Blackdown Equine Clinic, Fernhurst, Haslemere, UK (Middleton)
| | - Giulia Morganti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (Veronesi, Morganti, Lepri).,Department of Preclinical Development, Aptuit (Verona), Verona, Italy (Di Palma).,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabrielli, Milardi).,Blackdown Equine Clinic, Fernhurst, Haslemere, UK (Middleton)
| | - Giovanni L Milardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (Veronesi, Morganti, Lepri).,Department of Preclinical Development, Aptuit (Verona), Verona, Italy (Di Palma).,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabrielli, Milardi).,Blackdown Equine Clinic, Fernhurst, Haslemere, UK (Middleton)
| | - Bruce Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (Veronesi, Morganti, Lepri).,Department of Preclinical Development, Aptuit (Verona), Verona, Italy (Di Palma).,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabrielli, Milardi).,Blackdown Equine Clinic, Fernhurst, Haslemere, UK (Middleton)
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (Veronesi, Morganti, Lepri).,Department of Preclinical Development, Aptuit (Verona), Verona, Italy (Di Palma).,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabrielli, Milardi).,Blackdown Equine Clinic, Fernhurst, Haslemere, UK (Middleton)
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kawabe
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Aya Nawata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Needle DB, Hollinger C, Shelton GD, Fitzgerald SD. Necrotizing and eosinophilic masticatory myositis in farmed mink: a preliminary description. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:217-27. [PMID: 25016423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This report describes necrotizing and eosinophilic myositis affecting the masticatory muscles of a group of mink. Affected animals demonstrated sudden death with marked subcutaneous oedema over the dorsal head. The temporalis and masseter muscles were pale, swollen and friable. Histologic changes consisted of varying degrees of myodegeneration, myonecrosis and inflammation. Eosinophils were prominent in the inflammatory infiltrate. Similar to dogs, masticatory muscles in mink were found to contain unique type 2M fibres, suggesting a possible target for an immune response. Aerobic and anaerobic tissue cultures of the affected musculature revealed no significant pathogens. Histological and nutritional analyses were not typical of vitamin E/selenium deficiency. This case series supports the existence of a novel disease entity in mink with some features comparable with masticatory muscle myositis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Needle
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48894, USA
| | - C Hollinger
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48894, USA
| | - G D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709, USA
| | - S D Fitzgerald
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48894, USA.
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