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Liang L, Chuang SK. Mechanisms of dental injuries in basketball, United States, 2003-2022. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40:144-151. [PMID: 37818921 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Oral injuries such as oral soft tissue lacerations and contusions can occur in basketball by mechanisms such as running into other players or falling. Given a high enough impact force, dental injuries such as tooth fractures and avulsions can occur. Previous research has studied the different types of oral injuries as well as the mechanisms that cause them. Yet, the mechanisms resulting in dental injuries have remained unexplored. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of different oral injuries within each injury mechanism and evaluate which mechanisms were most likely to lead to a dental injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Subjects who experienced oral injuries from basketball between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2022 were included in this study. The independent variable was the injury mechanism. The dependent variable was the dental injury outcome (yes/no). Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association between the injury mechanism and the dental injury outcome. A p < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS This study included 4419 subjects who experienced oral injuries (national estimate, 138,980). Approximately 14.7% of oral injuries were dental injuries. Subjects experiencing collisions with objects such as walls or the basketball hoop (odds ratio (OR), 4.39; p < .001), falls (OR, 3.35; p < .001), or contact with the basketball (OR, 1.77; p = .006) had significantly higher odds of sustaining a dental injury relative to those experiencing contact with another player. CONCLUSIONS Basketball players experiencing contact to the mouth have high odds of sustaining a dental injury. An understanding of injury mechanisms is important for medical teams to manage these injuries and for coaches to educate athletes on safe and proper playing styles. Furthermore, healthcare providers and basketball staff should encourage athletes to wear mouthguards to reduce the risk of traumatic dental injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Liang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sung-Kiang Chuang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Good Samaritan Medical Center, Brockton, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, School of Dentistry, Singapore, Singapore
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Cardona S, Hernández C, Bohórquez-Tarazona MP, Rubiano AM, Parra DMS. Scalp wound management: a narrative review from a neurosurgical perspective. J Wound Care 2024; 33:127-135. [PMID: 38329834 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.33.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to present a narrative review of current literature about the anatomical characteristics of the scalp as well as current practices in the management of surgical, traumatic and pressure injuries in the scalp, which are common in neurosurgery practice. METHOD We searched PubMed for publications and book chapters in English from 2011 to 2021. We also included commonly referenced papers that we considered relevant to the subject with publication before these dates. We used the search terms 'laceration,' and/or 'neurosurgery' and/or, 'pressure injury,' and/or 'craniotomy,' and/or 'surgical incision' in combination with 'scalp,' and/or 'wound care.' We also searched the reference lists of publications identified by the search strategy and selected those that we judged relevant. RESULTS We pre-selected 52 articles that covered various aspects of anatomy, pathophysiology, scalp wound management, or general wound care that we considered applied to the anatomical region of our interest. After abstract review, we selected 34 articles that met our search criteria and were included in our review. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence regarding classification and care of scalp wounds. As a result, many of the current practices for scalp wound management are based on evidence derived from studies involving different anatomical regions, not considering its particular anatomy, vasculature and microbiome. Further research is needed for more comprehensive and effective protocols for the management of scalp injuries. However, this present review proposes responses to the identified gaps concerning the management of scalp wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrés M Rubiano
- Meditech Foundation, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, US
- Valle Salud IPS Clinic Network, Colombia
- NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana Marcela Sánchez Parra
- Meditech Foundation, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, US
- Fellow, Global Neurosurgery and Trauma, University of Cambridge, UK
- Fundación Meditech, Cali, Colombia
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Kono S, Kamei M. Acute and Past Common Lacrimal Canalicular Lacerations: A Report of Two Cases. Cureus 2024; 16:e53420. [PMID: 38314386 PMCID: PMC10834331 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lacrimal canalicular lacerations can be caused by trauma to the ocular adnexa, such as a penetrating or blunt injury. Only a few cases involving the common canaliculus or lacrimal sac have been reported, and only a few reports have described the detailed course of treatment. Here, we report an acute case of common lacrimal canalicular laceration and a case of a previous common canalicular laceration. The acute case was treated with a bicanalicular stent directly inserted into the nasolacrimal duct. The case with a previous common canalicular laceration was treated with external dacryocystorhinostomy combined with monocanalicular stent insertion. These treatments may be appropriate for the initial surgery and can be selected before performing conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Kono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, JPN
| | - Motohiro Kamei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, JPN
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Hege AR, Choubisa C, Chitale N, Phansopkar P. Physiotherapy Management Post-operative to Total Extensor Hallucis Longus Rupture: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e50434. [PMID: 38222234 PMCID: PMC10784757 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the contracture or degeneration of the ruptured tendon, using primary suturing to treat chronic extensor hallucis longus (EHL) tendon ruptures is challenging. The most common cause of EHL rupture is a laceration when a sharp object drops over the dorsum of the foot. EHL injuries are rare cases. In this report, we present a case of a 23-year-old female who was operated on for EHL rupture; she visited the Physiotherapy department with complaints of pain swelling over the left dorsum of the foot and was unable to perform great toe movements for six weeks. After three weeks of patient-tailored rehabilitation protocol that included interventions like faradic stimulation, strengthening exercises, gripping exercises, proprioception training, etc., we assessed the patient's primary outcomes like pain intensity, muscle strength, and range of motion and functional outcome measures that included lower extremity functional scale score at the end. Improvement in all the outcomes was seen. Our case report concludes that physiotherapy intervention has improved the primary and secondary outcomes and has helped patients to perform functional activities efficiently, such as maintaining balance while standing, walking, and bearing equal weight. This case report portrays that early physiotherapy treatment post-operatively in EHL rupture cases proves to be very beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha R Hege
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Chitrakshi Choubisa
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neha Chitale
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pratik Phansopkar
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Deininger S, Törzsök P, Lusuardi L, Deininger SHM, Freude T, Wichlas F, Deininger C. Renal Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula after High-Grade Blunt Renal Trauma Caused by Traffic Accidents. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6362. [PMID: 37835006 PMCID: PMC10573478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a series of three patients with traumatic renal AV fistulas after blunt renal laceration. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the renal trauma cases treated in the Department of Urology of Salzburg University Clinic during a time period of 10 years concerning traumatic AV fistula formation and other clinical parameters. RESULTS In total, 3 cases of traumatic AV fistula formation were identified in 106 blunt renal trauma patients (2.8%), with a mean age of 39 (17-56) years. All renal traumas were classified as American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade IV. Two patients were primarily treated with ureteral stent; one was managed conservatively. All AV fistulas were diagnosed after a mean time of 7 (1-13) days. Two patients were symptomatic with gross hematuria, and the mean time between trauma and onset of symptoms was 11 (9-13) days. All cases were managed via coil embolization after a mean of 10 (8-13) days. Two patients received a second intervention after a mean of 18 (11-25) days. The mean AV fistula size was 18.7 (12-24) mm. Mean hemoglobin loss was 3.6 g/dL. One patient received one erythrocyte concentrate. Discharge was after a mean time of 13.3 (7-12) days, with the mean time of intensive care treatment being 2.3 (1-3) days. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic renal AV fistula is a rare but severe complication associated with higher-grade renal trauma. It can become evident through hematuria or blood loss several days after the initial trauma. The availability of coil embolization in a trauma center can help kidney preservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Deininger
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (P.T.); (L.L.)
- No Limit Surgery e.V. (NLS), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.H.M.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Peter Törzsök
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (P.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Lukas Lusuardi
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (P.T.); (L.L.)
| | | | - Thomas Freude
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Salzburg University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Florian Wichlas
- No Limit Surgery e.V. (NLS), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.H.M.D.); (F.W.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Salzburg University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Christian Deininger
- No Limit Surgery e.V. (NLS), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.H.M.D.); (F.W.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Salzburg University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
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Kim HJ, Yoo SA, Kim YH. The three-point buried corner stitch: A method to prevent depression of the flap tip and railroad marks. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:e145-e146. [PMID: 34343598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ah Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Tsai YC, Huang DW, Chou YY, An YC, Cheng YS, Chen PH, Tzeng YS. Comparative Evaluation of Tissue Adhesives and Sutures in the Management of Facial Laceration Wounds in Children. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1350. [PMID: 37763118 PMCID: PMC10532459 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated tissue adhesives in comparison to sutures for treating facial lacerations in children. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from September 2017 to August 2022 involving pediatric facial lacerations managed with either tissue adhesives or sutures. RESULTS Among 50 children, 20 received tissue adhesives, and 30 received sutures. Both methods showed comparable outcomes in terms of wound complications such as dehiscence (adjusted odds ratio = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.08-31.25) and infection (adjusted odds ratio = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.08-58.80). The cosmetic outcomes, assessed using the Hollander Wound Evaluation Score, were also consistent between groups (adjusted beta = -0.55, 95% CI = -1.15-0.05). Notably, those treated with tissue adhesives reported greater satisfaction (adjusted beta = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.63 -1.63) and experienced significantly less pain (adjusted beta = -3.03, 95% CI = -4.15--1.90). CONCLUSIONS Both techniques displayed similar rates of infection, dehiscence, and cosmetic outcomes. However, tissue adhesives were associated with increased patient comfort, especially in terms of reduced pain and greater satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Tsai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (D.-W.H.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Dun-Wei Huang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (D.-W.H.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Yu Chou
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (D.-W.H.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Chin An
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Sheng Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Huang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Tzeng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (D.-W.H.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813204, Taiwan
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Patel N, Kaka N, Sharma P, Mahajan N, Ansari R, Sethi Y. Good outcome of surgical treatment for contaminated penile wound due to a fall from stairs: a case report. AME Case Rep 2023; 7:29. [PMID: 37492790 PMCID: PMC10364008 DOI: 10.21037/acr-22-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Penile trauma due to the associated stigma poses a diagnostic challenge. The causes of isolated penile injuries include zipper injuries (mainly in children), falls, burns, during fellatio, self-mutilation (Klingsor syndrome), and rarely purposeful forceful bending of the erect penis (Taqaandan). Delayed management of penile trauma might increase the risk of infection, rarely leading to sepsis acutely or structural and functional disabilities in the long run. We believe our report is the first to contribute data on a patient with a delayed presentation of contaminated penile wound who recovered well with prompt management. Case Description A traumatic laceration of the penis due to a fall from stairs is extremely unexpected. Here we present the case of a 14-year-old boy who slipped from the stairs and got an isolated American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Grade-1 ventrolateral penile skin laceration. He took home remedies for 10 days before reporting with a contaminated wound. The patient was first managed conservatively with antibiotics [Amoxyclav 625 mg thrice daily (TDS) and Metronidazole 400 mg TDS], wound care, and then treated surgically, helping wound repair. He recovered well after the treatment and retained normal urinary and sexual function. Conclusions Penile trauma is severely under-reported due to the stigma associated with it. Early diagnosis and prompt management are imperative to limit complications. A detailed history helps to evaluate the exact cause and check out possibilities of sexual assault. Appropriate management in tandem with patient education and an attempt to de-stigmatize the interaction helps favorable long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Patel
- Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, India
| | - Nirja Kaka
- Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India
| | - Neha Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India
| | - Rehnuma Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- Department of Surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India
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Okechi UC, Umeanuka OT, Akpeh JO. Traumatic Tongue Laceration: An Experience of Two Tertiary Centers in South East Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:612-616. [PMID: 37357478 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_687_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Traumatic injuries to the orofacial region are common and can be challenging to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The tongue is one of the structures that can be involved; however, the incidence of this injury to the tongue appears rare. Most of the reported work on this topic is on children. Patients and Methods This is a three-year prospective study of traumatic tongue lacerations managed at the oral and maxillofacial centers of two tertiary hospitals in the southeast of Nigeria. Result A total of 37 cases with tongue lacerations among 353 patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma constituting a prevalence of 10.5%. Their age ranged from 6 months to 57 years with a mean of 18.4 years (standard deviation 17.5). Twenty three (62.2%) are males and 14 (37.8%) females in a ratio of 1.6:1. The duration of injury on presentation ranged from 45 minutes to 96 hours with a mean duration of 26.7 hours. Majority of the laceration occurred in the anterior part of the tongue (24) (64.9%). Thirteen falls (35.1%) and nine motor vehicle accidents (24.3%) were the most common etiology. Thirty six (97.3%) were sutured primarily on presentation while only one (2.7%) was delayed before closure. Anesthesia was achieved with only Local Anesthetic agent in 18 (48.6%) cases, whereas in 13 (35.1%) cases a combination of Local Anesthetic agent and sedation. Conclusion Tongue lacerations are not very common in the southeast of Nigeria, and management in children may require sedation. Treatment could involve suturing the wound or being left alone to heal.
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Affiliation(s)
- U C Okechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku- Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - O T Umeanuka
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - J O Akpeh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku- Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
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Yu HH, Nadeau J, Powell J, Fox C, Lauder A, Ipaktchi K. The Iatrogenic Injury Potential of Self-adherent Elastic Bandages in Finger Injuries. Hand (N Y) 2023:15589447231160208. [PMID: 37056194 DOI: 10.1177/15589447231160208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of a self-adherent, elastic bandage is a practical way to dress finger injuries. Multiple reports describe iatrogenic injuries from elastic bandages, ranging from skin necrosis to finger gangrene, necessitating amputations. This study investigated whether elastic bandages can compromise digital perfusion by occluding arterial blood flow in healthy volunteers and evaluated the utility of pulse oximetry as a monitoring tool for digital perfusion. A technique for safe bandage application is proposed. METHODS A commercially available elastic bandage was wrapped around the index finger of 20 healthy volunteers at varying degrees of stretch. Digital perfusion measurements were carried out using photoelectric pulse transduction, laser Doppler flowmetry, and pulse oximetry. Intracompartmental pressure measurements were recorded using a separate in vitro experimental model. RESULTS Elastic bandages applied at maximum stretch did not change digital brachial index or pulse oximetry values, suggesting arterial blood flow was preserved distal to the bandage. Intracompartmental pressure measurements at maximum stretch remained below the systolic digital pressure. In contrast, superficial dermal perfusion fell to 32% of normal as measured by laser Doppler flow, at 100% bandage stretch. CONCLUSION This study suggests a risk for iatrogenic injury when using elastic bandages for finger dressings. While arterial inflow was never compromised, pressures were high enough to occlude superficial venous outflow, which may begin at 20% bandage stretch. Pulse oximetry failed to detect changes distal to applied dressings, and we do not recommend it to detect digital vascular compromise in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Yu
- Denver Health Medical Center, CO, USA
- University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Fox
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kyros Ipaktchi
- Denver Health Medical Center, CO, USA
- University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
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Kitazawa S, Kitazawa R. Laceration of umbilical cord artery by fetus nail-Rare but possible cause of sudden infantile death at birth. Pathol Int 2023; 73:97-99. [PMID: 36511637 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Molecular Pathology, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.,Second Department of Pathology, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University, Toon-City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Molecular Pathology, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.,Second Department of Pathology, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017.,Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon-City, Ehime, Japan
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Khanna A. Referral and Management of Pretibial Lacerations in Two District General Hospitals. Cureus 2023; 15:e34231. [PMID: 36843705 PMCID: PMC9957517 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pretibial lacerations are common injuries that have a significant yet underestimated association with morbidity and mortality. Although they may occur in any age group, they are commonly followed by an often relatively minor trauma in elderly and frail patients. The six-month mortality among such patients may be more than double the age group average. Currently, 5.2 in 1000 patients per year present to the emergency departments in UK hospitals due to pretibial lacerations. The associated acute admissions have a high financial cost. Despite the significant disease burden, there is a paucity of evidence on the optimal management of such injuries. This study aimed to describe the typical demographic and injury factors of individuals presenting to two district general hospitals, as well as their subsequent management and referral. Methodology Relevant patients were identified through NHS coding searches. Subsequently, it was found that 99 patients presented to an NHS trust with pretibial lacerations throughout 2020. A retrospective manual evaluation of clinical documentation was performed to identify the details of the patients' injury, management, referral, and demographics. Results The patients had a mean age of 55.4 (SD 28.3), and 56.6% were female. The most commonly presenting mechanism of injury was direct blunt trauma. The majority of cases were solely managed and discharged directly by the emergency department (74.8%). Of the 99 patients, 25 (25.3%) were referred to specialist services, 12 (12.1%) were managed conservatively, and 13 (13.1%) underwent operative intervention. The mean length of stay for those referred was 5.9 days, and the mean for the same was greater for those managed conservatively compared to those managed operatively (9.0 vs. 2.6 days). Among patients discharged by the emergency department, the most common method of wound closure was steristrips (n = 40; 54.1%), followed by conservative management with dressings (n = 22; 29.7%), sutures (n = 10, 13.5%) and glue (n = 5; 6.8%). Conclusions Overall, this study showed that the majority of patients presenting with pretibial lacerations have minor wounds that can be effectively managed in the emergency department. However, those with considerably more injuries should be provided an early referral to specialist services, where they would ideally receive early surgery and comprehensive follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Muacevic
- Plastic Surgery, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, GBR
| | - John R Adler
- Plastic Surgery, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, GBR
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Bartling J, Whelan M, Sinnott-Stutzman V. Retrospective evaluation of elevator-related injuries in dogs (2015-2020): 13 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:70-73. [PMID: 36545909 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe elevator-related injuries in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective study, August 2015 to October 2020. SETTING Four urban referral and emergency veterinary facilities. ANIMALS Thirteen client-owned dogs presenting with injuries sustained while using an elevator. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Thirteen dogs were treated for elevator-related injuries. The mean age of this population was 4.9 ± 4.1 years. Median body weight was 4.3 kg (range = 1.5-32 kg). Dogs in this study were significantly smaller than dogs presenting for all types of trauma during the same study period found in the Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry (VetCOT) (median = 14.5 kg, range = 0.1-141; P = 0.038). There was no difference in age between this study population and dogs presenting for trauma in the VetCOT registry (median = 4.2 years, range = 0.1-26.4, P = 0.7358). Nine dogs sustained a crush injury (69%), and 7 of these dogs received surgical intervention. Four dogs experienced leash entrapment in the elevator doors (31%), and none required surgical intervention. Two of these 4 dogs required inpatient hospital care. No deaths occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS Injuries that can be sustained by dogs in an elevator include crush injuries from doors closing on limbs or tails and injury due to leash entrapment in an elevator door. Many elevator-related injuries required surgical intervention, and recovery was often protracted. All dogs survived to hospital discharge in the present study, and none of the injuries in these dogs had serious long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Bartling
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan Whelan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Sorenson TJ, Rich MD, Lamba A, Deitermann A, Barta RJ, Schubert W. Recreational Motorized Vehicle Use Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs Significantly Increases Odds of Craniofacial Injury. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2022; 15:282-287. [PMID: 36387321 PMCID: PMC9647382 DOI: 10.1177/19433875211046721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objective Concurrent substance-use, including alcohol and drugs, increases the risks of many recreational activities. Our purpose was to determine the relationship between substance use and craniofacial injuries in a large population of patients experiencing trauma due to recreational motorized vehicle use. Methods We report a cross-sectional study of patients reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, in the United States. Patients were included in our study if they were evaluated in the emergency department (ED) for a recreational motorized vehicle-related injury. Primary outcome was craniofacial injury. Results There were a total of 6,485 adult patients who experience an injury after recreational motorized vehicle trauma reported by NEISS-participating EDs during the study period. Of this, 1,416 (21.8%) patients had a craniofacial injury, and 201 patients with craniofacial injuries were under the influence of alcohol/drugs (201/1,416; 14.2%). Injured patients under the influence of alcohol/drugs experienced greater odds of sustaining a general craniofacial injury (OR 2.50, 95% CI: 2.07-3.01, P < .0001), including craniofacial fracture (OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 2.01-4.40, P < .0001), laceration (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.51-3.16, P < .00001) and internal injury (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.84-2.95, P < .00001) than injured patients not under the influence. Conclusions Using recreational motorized vehicles under the influence of alcohol or drugs is not safe and increases the likelihood of craniofacial injuries, including fractures, lacerations, and internal injuries. As operating these recreational motorized vehicles under the influence is illegal, the law should be strictly enforced to prevent the occurrence of these injuries. Additional undertakings to increase helmet usage would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D. Rich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department
of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Abhinav Lamba
- Medical School, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Ruth J. Barta
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department
of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery,
Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Warren Schubert
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department
of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery,
Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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15
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Killu AM, Collins JD, Eleid MF, Alkhouli M, Simard T, Rihal C, Asirvatham SJ, Guerrero M. Preemptive Septal Radiofrequency Ablation to Prevent Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction With Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: A Case Series. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:e012228. [PMID: 36256696 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.122.012228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction may occur following transcatheter mitral valve replacement in the setting of mitral annular calcification. METHODS We present a case series whereby preemptive septal radiofrequency ablation (RADIO-TMVR) was used to augment the left ventricular outflow tract for transcatheter mitral valve replacement in 4 patients at risk for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction despite alcohol septal ablation. RESULTS All patients were female, average age of 74.9 (68.8-80.4) years. Baseline ejection fraction was 71% (63%-75%). Mean mitral valve area was 1.28 (range, 1.0-1.59) cm2. Mean mitral valve gradient at rest was 9.5 (range, 7-11) mm Hg. New York Heart Association symptoms were III to IV at baseline. Patients underwent preemptive septal radiofrequency ablation to prevent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with transcatheter mitral valve replacement a range between 69 and 154 days after alcohol septal ablation. Procedural time was 384 (337-424) minutes with a fluoroscopic time of 31 (14-71) minutes. Radiofrequency ablation time was 132 (100-175) minutes. As anticipated, 3 patients developed complete heart block and underwent pacemaker implantation, whereas 1 had a preexisting pacemaker. One patient developed groin hematoma and heart failure exacerbation. There were no peri-procedural deaths. Preemptive septal radiofrequency ablation to prevent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with transcatheter mitral valve replacement resulted in septal end-diastolic wall thickness reduction compared with baseline (28.6%, 30.4%, 30.3%, and 11.1%) and following alcohol septal ablation (23.1%, 12%, 8.5%). Valve replacement in the setting of mitral annular calcification was performed in all patients 89 (range, 38-45) days after preemptive septal radiofrequency ablation to prevent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with transcatheter mitral valve replacement. Two patients had concomitant laceration of the anterior mitral leaflet to further augment the neo-left ventricular outflow tract. Postprocedure, New York Heart Association symptoms improved to class I (3 patients) and class II (1 patient). CONCLUSIONS In at-risk individuals, preemptive septal radiofrequency ablation may be an effective strategy at preventing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with transcatheter mitral valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar M Killu
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.K., S.J.A.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeremy D Collins
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.D.C.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
| | - Mackram F Eleid
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.F.E., M.A., T.S., C.R., M.G.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
| | - Mohamad Alkhouli
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.F.E., M.A., T.S., C.R., M.G.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
| | - Trevor Simard
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.F.E., M.A., T.S., C.R., M.G.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
| | - Charanjit Rihal
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.F.E., M.A., T.S., C.R., M.G.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
| | - Samuel J Asirvatham
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.K., S.J.A.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.J.A.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
| | - Mayra Guerrero
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.F.E., M.A., T.S., C.R., M.G.), Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
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16
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Holden WM, Barnum MS, Tarka MC, Niederhauser CA, Jewell RP, Endres NK. Severe Lacerations in Alpine Ski Racing: A Case Series and Review of the Literature. Sports Health 2022; 15:142-147. [PMID: 35354392 PMCID: PMC9808826 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221076521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case series. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4C.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Holden
- The Larner College of Medicine,
University of Vermont, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Burlington,
Vermont
| | - Michael S. Barnum
- The Larner College of Medicine,
University of Vermont, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Burlington,
Vermont
| | - Mitchell C. Tarka
- The Larner College of Medicine,
University of Vermont, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Burlington,
Vermont
| | - Christoph A. Niederhauser
- The Larner College of Medicine,
University of Vermont, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Burlington,
Vermont
| | - Ryan P. Jewell
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of
Surgery, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington,
Vermont
| | - Nathan K. Endres
- The Larner College of Medicine,
University of Vermont, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Burlington,
Vermont,Nathan K. Endres, MD, The
Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Department of Orthopaedics
and Rehabilitation, McClure Musculoskeletal Research Center, 95 Carrigan Drive,
402 Stafford Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 (
)
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17
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Hong JS, Yoo SJ, Shin HK. A new technique of suturing using adhesive skin closure for uncooperative patients. Int Wound J 2022; 19:1821-1828. [PMID: 35293122 PMCID: PMC9615285 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Open wounds are usually closed with suture. However, young patients often do not cooperate and prevent proper suture placement. Young patients are often terrified of mild pain and wholly uncooperative, which is why we introduce this timesaving, less painful, more aesthetic technique of placing and removing stitches. 104 patients with facial lacerations aged 5 to 15 years were treated at a single center from May 2019 to March 2021. Patients were randomly assigned equally to a simple interrupted suture group (the SI group) or a continuous locking with Steri‐Strip group (the CS group). Suture times, times for stitch removal, pain scores at stitch removal and mature scar scores were evaluated. Suture and stitch removal times were significantly shorter, and pain scores at stitch removal and observer scar assessment scale scores were lower in the CS group. Patient scar assessment scale score was non‐significantly lower in the SI group. This study shows that the novel continuous locking with the Steri‐Strip technique is easier and quicker to perform, causes less pain when removing stitches, provides better aesthetic results than the simple interrupted suture technique and suggests the continuous locking with Steri‐Strip technique would be very useful for uncooperative young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Shik Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ju Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Kyeong Shin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Jazdarehee A, Huget-Penner S, Pawlowska M. Pseudo-pheochromocytoma due to obstructive sleep apnea: a case report. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2022; 2022:21-0100. [PMID: 35212265 PMCID: PMC8897593 DOI: 10.1530/edm-21-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition of intermittent nocturnal upper airway obstruction. OSA increases sympathetic drive which may result in clinical and biochemical features suggestive of pheochromocytoma. We present the case of a 65-year-old male with a 2.9-cm left adrenal incidentaloma on CT, hypertension, symptoms of headache, anxiety and diaphoresis, and persistently elevated 24-h urine norepinephrine (initially 818 nmol/day (89-470)) and normetanephrine (initially 11.2 µmol/day (0.6-2.7)). He was started on prazosin and underwent left adrenalectomy. Pathology revealed an adrenal corticoadenoma with no evidence of pheochromocytoma. Over the next 2 years, urine norepinephrine and normetanephrine remained significantly elevated with no MIBG avid disease. Years later, he was diagnosed with severe OSA and treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Urine testing done once OSA was well controlled revealed complete normalization of urine norepinephrine and normetanephrine with substantial symptom improvement. It was concluded that the patient never had a pheochromocytoma but rather an adrenal adenoma with biochemistry and symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma due to untreated severe OSA. Pseudo-pheochromocytoma is a rare presentation of OSA and should be considered on the differential of elevated urine catecholamines and metanephrines in the right clinical setting. LEARNING POINTS Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition among adults. OSA may rarely present as pseudo-pheochromocytoma with symptoms of pallor, palpitations, perspiration, headache, or anxiety. OSA should be considered on the differential of elevated urine catecholamines and metanephrines, especially in patients with negative metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan results.
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Key Words
- adolescent/young adult
- adult
- geriatric
- neonatal
- paediatric
- pregnant adult
- female
- male
- american indian or alaska native
- asian - bangladeshi
- asian - chinese
- asian - filipino
- asian - indian
- asian - japanese
- asian - korean
- asian - pakistani
- asian - vietnamese
- asian - other
- black - african
- black - caribbean
- black - other
- hispanic or latino - central american or south american
- hispanic or latino - cuban
- hispanic or latino - dominican
- hispanic or latino - mexican, mexican american, chicano
- hispanic or latino - puerto rican
- hispanic or latino - other
- native hawaiian/other pacific islander
- white
- other
- afghanistan
- aland islands
- albania
- algeria
- american samoa
- andorra
- angola
- anguilla
- antarctica
- antigua and barbuda
- argentina
- armenia
- aruba
- australia
- austria
- azerbaijan
- bahamas
- bahrain
- bangladesh
- barbados
- belarus
- belgium
- belize
- benin
- bermuda
- bhutan
- bolivia
- bosnia and herzegovina
- botswana
- bouvet island
- brazil
- british indian ocean territory
- brunei darussalam
- bulgaria
- burkina faso
- burundi
- cambodia
- cameroon
- canada
- cape verde
- cayman islands
- central african republic
- chad
- chile
- china
- christmas island
- cocos (keeling) islands
- colombia
- comoros
- congo
- congo, the democratic republic of the
- cook islands
- costa rica
- côte d'ivoire
- croatia
- cuba
- cyprus
- czech republic
- denmark
- djibouti
- dominica
- dominican republic
- ecuador
- egypt
- el salvador
- equatorial guinea
- eritrea
- estonia
- ethiopia
- falkland islands (malvinas)
- faroe islands
- fiji
- finland
- france
- french guiana
- french polynesia
- french southern territories
- gabon
- gambia
- georgia
- germany
- ghana
- gibraltar
- greece
- greenland
- grenada
- guadeloupe
- guam
- guatemala
- guernsey
- guinea
- guinea-bissau
- guyana
- haiti
- heard island and mcdonald islands
- holy see (vatican city state)
- honduras
- hong kong
- hungary
- iceland
- india
- indonesia
- iran, islamic republic of
- iraq
- ireland
- isle of man
- israel
- italy
- jamaica
- japan
- jersey
- jordan
- kazakhstan
- kenya
- kiribati
- korea, democratic people's republic of
- korea, republic of
- kuwait
- kyrgyzstan
- lao people's democratic republic
- latvia
- lebanon
- lesotho
- liberia
- libyan arab jamahiriya
- liechtenstein
- lithuania
- luxembourg
- macao
- macedonia, the former yugoslav republic of
- madagascar
- malawi
- malaysia
- maldives
- mali
- malta
- marshall islands
- martinique
- mauritania
- mauritius
- mayotte
- mexico
- micronesia, federated states of
- moldova, republic of
- monaco
- mongolia
- montenegro
- montserrat
- morocco
- mozambique
- myanmar
- namibia
- nauru
- nepal
- netherlands
- netherlands antilles
- new caledonia
- new zealand
- nicaragua
- niger
- nigeria
- niue
- norfolk island
- northern mariana islands
- norway
- oman
- pakistan
- palau
- palestinian territory, occupied
- panama
- papua new guinea
- paraguay
- peru
- philippines
- pitcairn
- poland
- portugal
- puerto rico
- qatar
- réunion
- romania
- russian federation
- rwanda
- saint barthélemy
- saint helena
- saint kitts and nevis
- saint lucia
- saint martin
- saint pierre and miquelon
- saint vincent and the grenadines
- samoa
- san marino
- sao tome and principe
- saudi arabia
- senegal
- serbia
- seychelles
- sierra leone
- singapore
- slovakia
- slovenia
- solomon islands
- somalia
- south africa
- south georgia and the south sandwich islands
- spain
- sri lanka
- sudan
- suriname
- svalbard and jan mayen
- swaziland
- sweden
- switzerland
- syrian arab republic
- taiwan, province of china
- tajikistan
- tanzania, united republic of
- thailand
- timor-leste
- togo
- tokelau
- tonga
- trinidad and tobago
- tunisia
- turkey
- turkmenistan
- turks and caicos islands
- tuvalu
- uganda
- ukraine
- united arab emirates
- united kingdom
- united states
- united states minor outlying islands
- uruguay
- uzbekistan
- vanuatu
- vatican city state
- venezuela
- viet nam
- virgin islands, british
- virgin islands, u.s.
- wallis and futuna
- western sahara
- yemen
- zambia
- zimbabwe
- maylaysia
- adipose tissue
- adrenal
- bone
- duodenum
- heart
- hypothalamus
- kidney
- liver
- ovaries
- pancreas
- parathyroid
- pineal
- pituitary
- placenta
- skin
- stomach
- testes
- thymus
- thyroid
- andrology
- autoimmunity
- cardiovascular endocrinology
- developmental endocrinology
- diabetes
- emergency
- endocrine disruptors
- endocrine-related cancer
- epigenetics
- genetics and mutation
- growth factors
- gynaecological endocrinology
- immunology
- infectious diseases
- late effects of cancer therapy
- mineral
- neuroendocrinology
- obesity
- ophthalmology
- paediatric endocrinology
- puberty
- tumours and neoplasia
- vitamin d
- 17ohp
- acth
- adiponectin
- adrenaline
- aldosterone
- amh
- androgens
- androstenedione
- androsterone
- angiotensin
- antidiuretic hormone
- atrial natriuretic hormone
- avp
- beta-endorphin
- big igf2
- brain natriuretic peptide
- calcitonin
- calcitriol
- cck
- corticosterone
- corticotrophin
- cortisol
- cortisone
- crh
- dehydroepiandrostenedione
- deoxycorticosterone
- deoxycortisol
- dhea
- dihydrotestosterone
- dopamine
- endothelin
- enkephalin
- epitestosterone
- epo
- fgf23
- fsh
- gastrin
- gh
- ghrelin
- ghrh
- gip
- glp1
- glp2
- glucagon
- glucocorticoids
- gnrh
- gonadotropins
- hcg
- hepcidin
- histamine
- human placental lactogen
- hydroxypregnenolone
- igf1
- igf2
- inhibin
- insulin
- kisspeptin
- leptin
- lh
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- melatonin
- metanephrines
- mineralocorticoids
- motilin
- nandrolone
- neuropeptide y
- noradrenaline
- normetanephrine
- oestetrol (e4)
- oestradiol (e2)
- oestriol (e3)
- oestrogens
- oestrone (e1)
- osteocalcin
- oxyntomodulin
- oxytocin
- pancreatic polypeptide
- peptide yy
- pregnenolone
- procalcitonin
- progesterone
- prolactin
- prostaglandins
- pth
- relaxin
- renin
- resistin
- secretin
- somatostatin
- testosterone
- thpo
- thymosin
- thymulin
- thyroxine (t4)
- trh
- triiodothyronine (t3)
- tsh
- vip
- 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency
- 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency
- 3-m syndrome
- 22q11 deletion syndrome
- 49xxxxy syndrome
- abscess
- acanthosis nigricans
- acromegaly
- acute adrenocortical insufficiency
- addisonian crisis
- addison's disease
- adenocarcinoma
- aip gene mutation
- adrenal insufficiency
- adrenal salt-wasting crisis
- adrenarche
- adrenocortical adenoma
- adrenocortical carcinoma
- adrenoleukodystrophy
- aip gene variant
- amenorrhoea (primary)
- amenorrhoea (secondary)
- amyloid goitre
- amyloidosis
- anaplastic thyroid cancer
- anaemia
- aneuploidy
- androgen insensitivity syndrome
- anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
- asthma
- autoimmune disorders
- autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1
- autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 2
- autoimmune polyglandular syndrome
- autoimmune hypophysitis
- autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets
- autosomal dominant osteopetrosis
- bardet-biedl syndrome
- bartter syndrome
- bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- biliary calculi
- breast cancer
- brenner tumour
- brown tumour
- burkitt's lymphoma
- casr gene mutation
- catecholamine secreting carotid body paraganglionoma
- cancer-prone syndrome
- carcinoid syndrome
- carcinoid tumour
- carney complex
- carotid body paraganglioma
- c-cell hyperplasia
- cerebrospinal fluid leakage
- chronic fatigue syndrome
- circadian rhythm sleep disorders
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- congenital hypothyroidism
- congenital hyperinsulinism
- conn's syndrome
- corticotrophic adenoma
- craniopharyngioma
- cretinism
- crohn's disease
- cryptorchidism
- cushing's disease
- cushing's syndrome
- cystolithiasis
- de quervain's thyroiditis
- denys-drash syndrome
- desynchronosis
- developmental abnormalities
- diabetes - lipoatrophic
- diabetes - mitochondrial
- diabetes - steroid-induced
- diabetes insipidus - dipsogenic
- diabetes insipidus - gestational
- diabetes insipidus - nephrogenic
- diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central
- diabetes mellitus type 1
- diabetes mellitus type 2
- diabetic foot syndrome
- diabetic hypoglycaemia
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- diabetic muscle infarction
- diabetic nephropathy
- diverticular disease
- donohue syndrome
- down syndrome
- eating disorders
- ectopic acth syndrome
- ectopic cushing's syndrome
- ectopic parathyroid adenoma
- empty sella syndrome
- endometrial cancer
- endometriosis
- eosinophilic myositis
- euthyroid sick syndrome
- familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia
- familial euthyroid hyperthyroxinaemia
- fat necrosis
- female athlete triad syndrome
- fetal demise
- fetal macrosomia
- follicular thyroid cancer
- fractures
- frasier syndrome
- friedreich's ataxia
- functional parathyroid cyst
- galactorrhoea
- gastrinoma
- gastritis
- gastrointestinal perforation
- gastrointestinal stromal tumour
- gck mutation
- gender identity disorder
- gestational diabetes mellitus
- giant ovarian cysts
- gigantism
- gitelman syndrome
- glucagonoma
- glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
- glycogen storage disease
- goitre
- goitre (multinodular)
- gonadal dysgenesis
- gonadoblastoma
- gonadotrophic adenoma
- gorham's disease
- granuloma
- granulosa cell tumour
- graves' disease
- graves' ophthalmopathy
- growth hormone deficiency (adult)
- growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset)
- gynaecomastia
- hamman's syndrome
- haemorrhage
- hajdu-cheney syndrome
- hashimoto's disease
- hemihypertrophy
- hepatitis c
- hereditary multiple osteochondroma
- hirsutism
- histiocytosis
- huntington's disease
- hürthle cell adenoma
- hyperaldosteronism
- hyperandrogenism
- hypercalcaemia
- hypercalcaemic crisis
- hyperglucogonaemia
- hyperglycaemia
- hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
- hypergonadotropism
- hyperinsulinaemia
- hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
- hyperkalaemia
- hyperlipidaemia
- hypernatraemia
- hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
- hyperparathyroidism (primary)
- hyperparathyroidism (secondary)
- hyperparathyroidism (tertiary)
- hyperpituitarism
- hyperprolactinaemia
- hypersexuality
- hypertension
- hyperthyroidism
- hypoaldosteronism
- hypocalcaemia
- hypoestrogenism
- hypoglycaemia
- hypoglycaemic coma
- hypogonadism
- hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
- hypoinsulinaemia
- hypokalaemia
- hyponatraemia
- hypoparathyroidism
- hypophosphataemia
- hypophosphatasia
- hypophysitis
- hypopituitarism
- hypothyroidism
- iatrogenic disorder
- idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia
- igg4-related systemic disease
- inappropriate tsh secretion
- incidentaloma
- infertility
- insulin autoimmune syndrome
- insulin resistance
- insulinoma
- intracranial vasospasm
- intrauterine growth retardation
- iodine allergy
- ischaemic heart disease
- kallmann syndrome
- ketoacidosis
- klinefelter syndrome
- kwashiorkor
- kwashiorkor (marasmic)
- leg ulcer
- laron syndrome
- latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (lada)
- laurence-moon syndrome
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- leukocytoclastic vasculitis
- leydig cell tumour
- lipodystrophy
- lipomatosis
- liver failure
- lung metastases
- luteoma
- lymphadenopathy
- macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
- macronodular hyperplasia
- macroprolactinoma
- marasmus
- maturity onset diabetes of young (mody)
- mccune-albright syndrome
- mckittrick-wheelock syndrome
- medullary thyroid cancer
- meigs syndrome
- membranous nephropathy
- men1
- men2a
- men2b
- men4
- menarche
- meningitis
- menopause
- metabolic acidosis
- metabolic syndrome
- metastatic carcinoma
- metastatic chromaffin cell tumour
- metastatic gastrinoma
- metastatic melanoma
- metastatic tumour
- microadenoma
- microprolactinoma
- motor neurone disease
- myasthenia gravis
- myelolipoma
- myocardial infarction
- myositis
- myotonic dystrophy type 1
- myotonic dystrophy type 2
- myxoedema
- myxoedema coma
- nelson's syndrome
- neonatal diabetes
- nephrolithiasis
- neuroblastoma
- neuroendocrine tumour
- neurofibromatosis
- nodular hyperplasia
- non-functioning pituitary adenoma
- non-hodgkin lymphoma
- non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia
- noonan syndrome
- oculocerebrorenal syndrome
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- osteomalacia
- osteomyelitis
- osteoporosis
- osteoporosis (pregnancy/lactation-associated)
- osteosclerosis
- ovarian cancer
- ovarian dysgenesis
- ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- ovarian tumour
- paget's disease
- paget's disease (juvenille)
- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
- pancreatitis
- panhypopituitarism
- papillary thyroid cancer
- paraganglioma
- paranasal sinus lesion
- paraneoplastic syndromes
- parasitic thyroid nodules
- parathyroid adenoma
- parathyroid adenoma (ectopic)
- parathyroid carcinoma
- parathyroid cyst
- parathroid hyperplasia
- pcos
- periodontal disease
- phaeochromocytoma
- phaeochromocytoma crisis
- pickardt syndrome
- pituitary abscess
- pituitary adenoma
- pituitary apoplexy
- pituitary carcinoma
- pituitary cyst
- pituitary haemorrhage
- pituitary hyperplasia
- pituitary hypoplasia
- pituitary tumour (malignant)
- plurihormonal pituitary adenoma
- poems syndrome
- polycythaemia
- porphyria
- pneumonia
- posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
- post-prandial hypoglycaemia
- prader-willi syndrome
- prediabetes
- pre-eclampsia
- pregnancy
- premature ovarian failure
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- premenstrual syndrome
- primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
- prolactinoma
- prostate cancer
- pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
- pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2
- pseudohypoparathyroidism
- psychosocial short stature
- puberty (delayed or absent)
- puberty (precocious)
- pulmonary oedema
- quadrantanopia
- rabson-mendenhall syndrome
- rhabdomyolysis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- rickets
- schwannoma
- sellar reossification
- sertoli cell tumour
- sertoli-leydig cell tumour
- sexual development disorders
- sheehan's syndrome
- short stature
- siadh
- small-cell carcinoma
- small intestine neuroendocrine tumour
- solitary fibrous tumour
- solitary sellar plasmacytoma
- somatostatinoma
- somatotrophic adenoma
- squamous cell thyroid carcinoma
- stiff person syndrome
- struma ovarii
- subcutaneous insulin resistance
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- tarts
- testicular cancer
- thecoma
- thyroid adenoma
- thyroid carcinoma
- thyroid cyst
- thyroid dysgenesis
- thyroid fibromatosis
- thyroid hormone resistance syndrome
- thyroid lymphoma
- thyroid nodule
- thyroid storm
- thyroiditis
- thyrotoxicosis
- thyrotrophic adenoma
- traumatic brain injury
- tuberculosis
- tuberous sclerosis complex
- tumour-induced osteomalacia
- turner syndrome
- unilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- ureterolithiasis
- urolithiasis
- von hippel-lindau disease
- wagr syndrome
- waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome
- williams syndrome
- wolcott-rallison syndrome
- wolfram syndrome
- xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis
- xlaad/ipex
- zollinger-ellison syndrome
- abdominal adiposity
- abdominal distension
- abdominal cramp
- abdominal discomfort
- abdominal guarding
- abdominal lump
- abdominal pain
- abdominal tenderness
- abnormal posture
- abdominal wall defects
- abrasion
- acalculia
- accelerated growth
- acne
- acrochorda
- acroosteolysis
- acute stress reaction
- adverse breast development
- aggression
- agitation
- agnosia
- akathisia
- akinesia
- albuminuria
- alcohol intolerance
- alexia
- alopecia
- altered level of consciousness
- amaurosis
- amaurosis fugax
- ambiguous genitalia
- amblyopia
- amenorrhoea
- ameurosis
- amnesia
- amusia
- anasarca
- angiomyxoma
- anhedonia
- anisocoria
- ankle swelling
- anorchia
- anorectal malformations
- anorexia
- anosmia
- anosognosia
- anovulation
- antepartum haemorrhage
- anuria
- anxiety
- apathy
- aphasia
- aphonia
- apnoea
- appendicitis
- appetite increase
- appetite reduction/loss
- apraxia
- aqueductal stenosis
- arteriosclerosis
- arthralgia
- articulation impairment
- ascites
- asperger syndrome
- asphyxia
- asthenia
- astigmatism
- asymptomatic
- ataxia
- atrial fibrillation
- atrial myxoma
- atrophy
- adhd
- autism
- autonomic neuropathy
- avulsion
- babinski's sign
- back pain
- bacteraemia
- behavioural problems
- belching
- bifid scrotum
- biliary colic
- bitemporal hemianopsia
- blindness
- blistering
- bloating
- bloody show
- boil(s)
- bone cyst
- bone fracture(s)
- bone lesions
- bone pain
- bony metastases
- borborygmus
- bowel movements - bleeding
- bowel movements - increased frequency
- bowel movements - pain
- bowel obstruction
- bowel perforation
- brachycephaly
- brachydactyly
- bradycardia
- bradykinesia
- bradyphrenia
- bradypnea
- breast contour change
- breast enlargement
- breast lump
- breast reduction
- breast tenderness
- breastfeeding difficulties
- breathing difficulties
- bronchospasms
- brushfield spots
- bruxism
- buffalo hump
- cachexia
- calcification
- cardiac fibrosis
- cardiac malformations
- cardiac tamponade
- cardiogenic shock
- cardiomegaly
- cardiomyopathy
- cardiopulmonary arrest
- carpal tunnel syndrome
- caruncle - inflammation
- cataplexy
- cataract(s)
- catathrenia
- central obesity
- cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea
- cervical pain
- cheeks - full
- cheiloschisis
- chemosis
- chest pain
- chest pain (pleuritic)
- chest pain (precordial)
- cheyne-stokes respiration
- chills
- cholecystitis
- cholestasis
- chondrocalcinosis
- chordee
- chorea
- choroidal atrophy
- chronic pain
- circulatory collapse
- cirrhosis
- citraturia
- claudication
- clitoromegaly
- cloacal exstrophy
- clonus
- club foot
- clumsiness
- coagulopathy
- coarctation
- coeliac disease
- cognitive problems
- cold intolerance
- collapse
- colour blindness
- coma
- concentration difficulties
- confusion
- congenital heart defect
- conjunctivitis
- constipation
- convulsions
- coordination difficulties
- coughing
- crackles
- cramps
- craniofacial abnormalities
- craniotabes
- cutaneous ischaemia
- cutaneous myxoma
- cutaneous pigmentation
- cyanosis
- dalrymple's sign
- deafness
- deep vein thrombosis
- dehydration
- delayed puberty
- delirium
- dementia
- dental abscess(es)
- dental problems
- depression
- diabetes insipidus
- diabetic neuropathy
- diabetic foot infection
- diabetic foot neuropathy
- diabetic foot ulceration
- diarrhoea
- diplopia
- dizziness
- duodenal atresia
- duplex kidney(s)
- dysarthria
- dysdiadochokinesia
- dysgraphia
- dyslexia
- dyslipidaemia
- dysmenorrhoea
- dyspareunia
- dyspepsia
- dysphagia
- dysphonia
- dysphoria
- dyspnoea
- dystonia
- dysuria
- ear, nose and/or throat infection
- early menarche
- ears - low set
- ears - pinna abnormalities
- ears - small
- ecchymoses
- ectopic ureter
- emotional immaturity
- encopresis
- endometrial hyperplasia
- enlarged bladder
- enlarged prostate
- eosinophilia
- epicanthic fold
- epilepsy
- epistaxis
- erectile dysfunction
- erythema
- euphoria
- eyebrows - bushy
- eyelid retraction
- eyelid swelling
- eyelids - redness
- eyes - almond-shaped
- eyes - dry
- eyes - feeling of grittiness
- eyes - inflammation
- eyes - irritation
- eyes - itching
- eyes - pain (gazing down)
- eyes - pain (gazing up)
- eyes - redness
- eyes - watering
- face - change in appearance
- face - coarse features
- face - numbness
- facial fullness
- facial palsy
- facial plethora
- facial weakness
- facies - abnormal
- facies - hippocratic
- facies - moon
- faecal incontinence
- failure to thrive
- fallopian tube hyperplasia
- fasciculation
- fatigue
- fatigue (post-exertional)
- feet - cold
- feet - increased size
- feet - large
- feet - pain
- feet - small
- fingers - thick
- flaccid paralysis
- flatulence
- flushing
- fontanelles - enlarged
- frontal bossing
- fungating lesion
- fungating mass
- funny turns
- gait abnormality
- gait unsteadiness
- gallbladder calculi
- gallstones
- gangrene
- gastro-oesophageal reflux
- genital oedema
- genu valgum
- genu varum
- gestational diabetes
- glaucoma
- glucose intolerance
- glucosuria
- growth hormone deficiency
- growth retardation
- haematemesis
- haematochezia
- haematoma
- haematuria
- haemoglobinuria
- haemoptysis
- hair - coarse
- hair - dry
- hair - temporal balding
- hairline - low
- hallucination
- hands - enlargement
- hands - large
- hands - single palmar crease
- hands - small
- head - large
- headache
- hearing loss
- heart failure
- heart murmur
- heat intolerance
- height loss
- hemiballismus
- hemianopia
- hemiparesis
- hemispatial neglect
- hepatic cysts
- hepatic metastases
- hepatomegaly
- hidradenitis suppurativa
- high-arched palate
- hip dislocation
- hippocampal dysgenesis
- hirschsprung's disease
- hot flushes
- hydronephrosis
- hypolipidaemia
- hyperactivity
- hyperacusis
- hyperandrogenaemia
- hypercalciuria
- hypercapnea
- hypercholesterolaemia
- hypercortisolaemia
- hyperflexibility
- hyperglucagonaemia
- hyperhidrosis
- hyperhomocysteinaemia
- hypernasal speech
- hyperopia
- hyperoxaluria
- hyperpigmentation
- hyperplasia
- hyperpnoea
- hypersalivation
- hyperseborrhea
- hypersomnia
- hyperthermia
- hypertrichosis
- hypertrophy
- hyperuricaemia
- hyperventilation
- hypoadrenalism
- hypoalbuminaemia
- hypocalciuria
- hypocitraturia
- hypomagnesaemia
- hypopigmentation
- hypoplastic scrotum
- hypopotassaemia
- hypoprolactinaemia
- hyporeflexia
- hyposmia
- hypospadias
- hypotension
- hypothermia
- hypotonia
- hypoventilation
- hypovitaminosis d
- hypovolaemia
- hypovolaemic shock
- hypoxia
- immunodeficiency
- impulsivity
- inattention
- infections
- inflexibility
- insomnia
- instability
- intussusception
- irritability
- ischaemia
- ischuria
- itching
- jaundice
- keratoconus
- ketonuria
- ketotic odour
- kidney dysplasia
- kidney stones
- kyphoscoliosis
- kyphosis
- labioscrotal fold abnormalities
- laceration
- late dentition
- learning difficulties
- leg pain
- legs - increased length
- leukaemia
- leukocytosis
- libido increase
- libido reduction/loss
- lichen sclerosus
- lips - dry
- lips - thin
- little finger - in-curved
- little finger - short
- liver masses
- lordosis
- lordosis (loss of)
- lymphadenectomy
- lymphadenitis
- lymphocytosis
- lymphoedema
- macroglossia
- malaise
- malaise (post-exertional)
- malodorous perspiration
- mania
- marcus gunn pupil
- mastalgia
- meckel's diverticulum
- melena
- menorrhagia
- menstrual disorder
- mesenteric ischaemia
- metabolic alkalosis
- microalbuminuria
- microcephaly
- micrognathia
- micropenis
- milk-alkali syndrome
- miscarriage
- mood changes/swings
- mouth - down-turned
- mouth - small
- movement - limited range of
- mucosal pigmentation
- muscle atrophy
- muscle freezing
- muscle hypertrophy
- muscle rigidity
- myalgia
- myasthaenia
- mydriasis
- myelodysplasia
- myeloma
- myoclonus
- myodesopsia
- myokymia
- myopathy
- myopia
- myosis
- nail clubbing
- nail dystrophy
- nasal obstruction
- nausea
- neck - loose skin (nape)
- neck - short
- neck mass
- neck pain/discomfort
- necrolytic migratory erythema
- necrosis
- nephrocalcinosis
- nephropathy
- neurofibromas
- night terrors
- nipple change
- nipple discharge
- nipple inversion
- nipple retraction
- nipples widely spaced
- nocturia
- normochromic normocytic anaemia
- nose - depressed bridge
- nose - flat bridge
- nose - thickening
- nystagmus
- obsessive-compulsive disorder
- obstetrical haemorrhage
- obstructive sleep apnoea
- odynophagia
- oedema
- oesophageal atresia
- oesophagitis
- oligomenorrhoea
- oliguria
- onychauxis
- oophoritis
- ophthalmoplegia
- optic atrophy
- orbital fat prolapse
- orbital hypertelorism
- orthostatic hypotension
- osteoarthritis
- osteopenia
- otitis media
- ovarian cysts
- ovarian hyperplasia
- palatoschisis
- pallor
- palmar erythema
- palpebral fissure (downslanted)
- palpebral fissure (extended)
- palpebral fissure (reduced)
- palpebral fissure (upslanted)
- palpitations
- pancreatic fibrosis
- pancytopaenia
- panic attacks
- papilloedema
- paraesthesia
- paralysis
- paranoia
- patellar dislocation
- patellar subluxation
- pedal ulceration
- pellagra
- pelvic mass
- pelvic pain
- penile agenesis
- peptic ulcer
- pericardial effusion
- periodontitis
- periosteal bone reactions
- peripheral oedema
- personality change
- pes cavus
- petechiae
- peyronie's disease
- pharyngitis
- philtrum - long
- philtrum - short
- phosphaturia
- photophobia
- photosensitivity
- pleurisy
- poikiloderma
- polydactyly
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- polyuria
- poor wound healing
- postmenopausal bleeding
- post-nasal drip
- postprandial fullness
- postural instability
- prehypertension
- premature birth
- premature labour
- prenatal growth retardation
- presbyopia
- pretibial myxoedema
- proctalgia fugax
- prognathism
- proptosis
- prosopagnosia
- proteinuria
- pruritus
- pruritus scroti
- pruritus vulvae
- pseudarthrosis
- psoriatic arthritis
- psychiatric problems
- psychomotor retardation
- psychosis
- pterygium colli
- ptosis
- puberty (delayed/absent)
- puberty (early/precocious)
- puffiness
- pulmonary embolism
- purpura
- pyelonephritis
- pyloric stenosis
- pyrexia
- pyrosis
- pyuria
- rash
- rectal pain
- rectorrhagia
- refractory anemia
- reluctance to weight-bear
- renal agenesis
- renal clubbing
- renal colic
- renal cyst
- renal failure
- renal insufficiency
- renal phosphate wasting (isolated)
- renal tubular acidosis
- respiratory failure
- reticulocytosis
- retinitis pigmentosa
- retinopathy
- retrobulbar pain
- retrograde ejaculation
- retroperitoneal fibrosis
- salivary gland swelling
- salpingitis
- salt craving
- salt wasting
- sarcoidosis
- schizophrenia
- scoliosis
- scotoma
- seborrhoeic dermatitis
- seizures
- sensory loss
- sepsis
- septic arthritis
- septic shock
- shivering
- singultus
- sinusitis
- sixth nerve palsy
- skeletal deformity
- skeletal dysplasia
- skin - texture change
- skin infections
- skin necrosis
- skin pigmentation - spotty
- skin thickening
- skin thinning
- sleep apnoea
- sleep difficulties
- sleep disturbance
- sleep hyperhidrosis
- slow growth
- slurred speech
- social difficulties
- soft tissue swelling
- somnambulism
- somniloquy
- somnolence
- sore throat
- spasms
- spastic paraplegia
- spasticity
- speech delay
- spider naevi
- splenomegaly
- sputum production
- steatorrhoea
- stomatitis
- strabismus
- strangury
- striae
- stridor
- stroke
- subfertility
- suicidal ideation
- supraclavicular fat pads
- supranuclear gaze palsy
- sweating
- syncope
- syndactyly
- tachycardia
- tachypnoea
- teeth gapping
- telangiectasias
- telecanthus
- tetraparesis
- t-reflex (absent)
- t-reflex (depressed)
- tetany
- thermodysregulation
- thrombocytopenia
- thrombocytosis
- thrombophilia
- thrush
- tics
- tinnitus
- toe clubbing
- toe deformities
- toes - thick
- toes - widely spaced
- tongue - protruding
- tracheo-oesophageal compression
- tracheo-oesophageal fistula
- tremulousness
- tricuspid insufficiency
- umbilical hernia
- uraemia
- ureter duplex
- uricaemia
- urinary frequency
- urinary incontinence
- urogenital sinus
- urticaria
- uterine hyperplasia
- uterus duplex
- vagina duplex
- vaginal bleeding
- vaginal discharge
- vaginal dryness
- vaginal pain/tenderness
- vaginism
- ventricular fibrillation
- ventricular hypertrophy
- vertigo
- viraemia
- virilisation (abnormal)
- vision - acuity reduction
- vision - blurred
- visual disturbance
- visual field defect
- visual impairment
- visual loss
- vitiligo
- vocal cord paresis
- vomiting
- von graefe's sign
- weight gain
- weight loss
- wheezing
- widened joint space(s)
- xeroderma
- xerostomia
- 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy mandelic acid
- 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine)
- 17-ketosteroids
- 25-hydroxyvitamin-d3
- 5hiaa
- aberrant adrenal receptors
- acid-base balance
- acth stimulation
- activated partial thromboplastin time
- acyl-ghrelin
- adrenal antibodies
- adrenal function
- adrenal scintigraphy
- adrenal venous sampling
- afp tumour marker
- alanine aminotransferase
- albumin
- albumin to creatinine ratio
- aldosterone (24-hour urine)
- aldosterone (blood)
- aldosterone (plasma)
- aldosterone (serum)
- aldosterone to renin ratio
- alkaline phosphatase
- alkaline phosphatase (bone-specific)
- alpha-fetoprotein
- ammonia
- amniocentesis
- amylase
- angiography
- anion gap
- anti-acetylcholine antibodies
- anticardiolipin antibody
- anti-insulin antibodies
- anti-islet cell antibody
- anti-gh antibodies
- antinuclear antibody
- anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies
- asvs
- barium studies
- basal insulin
- base excess
- apolipoprotein h
- beta-hydroxybutyrate
- bicarbonate
- bilirubin
- biopsy
- blood film
- blood pressure
- bmi
- body fat mass
- bone age
- bone biopsy
- bone mineral content
- bone mineral density
- bone mineral density test
- bone scintigraphy
- bone sialoprotein
- bound insulin
- brca1/brca2
- c1np
- c3 complement
- c4 complement
- ca125
- calcifediol
- calcium (serum)
- calcium (urine)
- calcium to creatinine clearance ratio
- carcinoembryonic antigen
- cardiac index
- catecholamines (24-hour urine)
- catecholamines (plasma)
- cd-56
- chemokines
- chest auscultation
- chloride
- chorionic villus sampling
- chromatography
- chromogranin a
- chromosomal analysis
- clomid challenge
- clonidine suppression
- collagen
- colonoscopy
- colposcopy
- continuous glucose monitoring
- core needle biopsy
- corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test
- cortisol (9am)
- cortisol (plasma)
- cortisol (midnight)
- cortisol (salivary)
- cortisol (serum)
- cortisol day curve
- cortisol, free (24-hour urine)
- c-peptide (24-hour urine)
- c-peptide (blood)
- c-reactive protein
- creatinine
- creatine kinase
- creatinine (24-hour urine)
- creatinine (serum)
- creatinine clearance
- crh stimulation
- ctpa scan
- ct scan
- c-telopeptide
- cytokines
- deoxypyridinoline
- dexa scan
- dexamethasone suppression
- dexamethasone suppression (high dose)
- dexamethasone suppression (low dose)
- dhea sulphate
- discectomy
- dldl cholesterol
- dmsa scan
- dna sequencing
- domperidone
- down syndrome screening
- ductal lavage
- echocardiogram
- eeg
- electrocardiogram
- electrolytes
- electromyography
- endoscopic ultrasound
- endoscopy
- endosonography
- enzyme immunoassay
- epinephrine (plasma)
- epinephrine (urine)
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- estimated glomerular filtration rate
- ethanol ablation
- ewing and clarke autonomic function
- exercise tolerance
- fbc
- ferritin
- fine needle aspiration biopsy
- flow cytometry
- fludrocortisone suppression
- fluticasone-propionate-17-beta carboxylic acid
- fmri
- folate
- ft3
- ft4
- gada
- gallium nitrate
- gallium scan
- gastric biopsy
- genetic analysis
- genitography
- gh day curve
- gh stimulation
- gh suppression
- glp-1
- glp-2
- glucose suppression test
- glucose (blood)
- glucose (blood, fasting)
- glucose (blood, postprandial)
- glucose (urine)
- glucose tolerance
- glucose tolerance (intravenous)
- glucose tolerance (oral)
- glucose tolerance (prolonged)
- gluten sensitivity
- gnrh stimulation
- gonadotrophins
- growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 test
- gut hormones (fasting)
- haematoxylin and eosin staining
- haemoglobin
- haemoglobin a1c
- hcg (serum)
- hcg (urine)
- hcg stimulation
- hdl cholesterol
- hearing test
- heart rate
- hepatic venous sampling with arterial stimulation
- high-sensitivity c-reactive protein
- histopathology
- hla genotyping
- holter monitoring
- homa
- homocysteine
- hyaluronic acid
- hydrocortisone day curve
- hydroxyproline
- hydroxyprogesterone
- hysteroscopy
- igfbp2
- igfbp3
- igg4/igg ratio
- immunocytochemistry
- immunohistochemistry
- immunoglobulins
- immunoglobulin g2
- immunoglobulin g4
- immunoglobulin a
- immunoglobulin m
- immunostaining
- inferior petrosal sinus sampling
- inhibin b
- insulin (fasting)
- insulin suppression
- insulin tissue resistance tests
- insulin tolerance
- intracranial pressure
- irm imaging
- ketones (plasma)
- ketones (urine)
- kidney function
- lactate
- lactate dehydrogenase
- laparoscopy
- laparoscopy and dye
- laparotomy
- ldl cholesterol
- leuprolide acetate stimulation
- leukocyte esterase (urine)
- levothyroxine absorption
- lipase (serum)
- lipid profile
- liquid-based cytology
- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- liver biopsy
- liver function
- lumbar puncture
- lung function testing
- luteinising hormone releasing hormone test
- macroprolactin
- magnesium
- mag3 scan
- mammogram
- mantoux test
- metanephrines (plasma)
- metanephrines (urinary)
- methoxytyramine
- metoclopramide
- metyrapone cortisol day curve
- metyrapone suppression
- metyrapone test dose
- mibg scan
- microarray analysis
- molecular genetic analysis
- mri
- myocardial biopsy
- nerve conduction study
- neuroendocrine markers
- neuron-specific enolase
- norepinephrine
- ntx
- oct
- octreotide scan
- octreotide suppression test
- osmolality
- ovarian venous sampling
- p1np
- palpation
- pap test
- parathyroid scintigraphy
- pentagastrin
- perchlorate discharge
- percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
- peripheral blood film
- pet scan
- ph (blood)
- phosphate (serum)
- phosphate (urine)
- pituitary function
- plasma osmolality
- plasma viscosity
- platelet count
- pneumococcal antigen
- pneumococcal pcr
- polymerase chain reaction
- polysomnography
- porter-silber chromogens
- potassium
- pregnancy test
- proinsulin
- prostate-specific antigen
- protein electrophoresis
- protein fingerprinting
- protein folding analysis
- psychiatric assessment
- psychometric assessment
- pulse oximetry
- pyelography
- pyridinium crosslinks
- quicki
- plasma renin activity
- radioimmunoassay
- radionuclide imaging
- raiu test
- red blood cell count
- renal biopsy
- renin (24-hour urine)
- respiratory status
- renin (blood)
- renin plasma activity
- rheumatoid factor
- salt loading
- sdldl cholesterol
- secretin stimulation
- selective parathyroid venous sampling
- selective transhepatic portal venous sampling
- semen analysis
- serotonin
- serum osmolality
- serum free insulin
- sestamibi scan
- sex hormone binding globulin
- shbg
- skeletal muscle mass
- skin biopsy
- sleep diary
- sodium
- spect scan
- supervised 72-hour fast
- surgical biopsy
- sweat test
- synaptophysin
- systemic vascular resistance index
- tanner scale
- thoracocentesis
- thyroid transcription factor-1
- thyroglobulin
- thyroid antibodies
- thyroid function
- thyroid scintigraphy
- thyroid ultrasonography
- total cholesterol
- total ghrelin
- total t3
- total t4
- trabecular thickness
- transaminase
- transvaginal ultrasound
- trap 5b
- trh stimulation
- triglycerides
- triiodothyronine (t3) suppression
- troponin
- tsh receptor antibodies
- type 3 precollagen
- type 4 collagen
- ultrasound-guided biopsy
- ultrasound scan
- urea and electrolytes
- uric acid (blood)
- uric acid (urine)
- urinalysis
- urinary free cortisol
- urine 24-hour volume
- urine osmolality
- vaginal examination
- vanillylmandelic acid (24-hour urine)
- visual field assessment
- vitamin b12
- vitamin e
- waist circumference
- water deprivation
- water load
- weight
- western blotting
- white blood cell count
- white blood cell differential count
- x-ray
- zinc
- abscess drainage
- acetic acid injection
- adhesiolysis
- adrenalectomy
- amputation
- analgesics
- angioplasty
- arthrodesis
- assisted reproduction techniques
- bariatric surgery
- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
- blood transfusion
- bone grafting
- caesarean section
- cardiac transplantation
- cardiac pacemaker
- cataract extraction
- chemoembolisation
- chemotherapy
- chemoradiotherapy
- clitoroplasty
- continuous renal replacement therapy
- contraception
- cordotomy
- counselling
- craniotomy
- cryopreservation
- cryosurgical ablation
- debridement
- dialysis
- diazoxide
- diet
- duodenotomy
- endonasal endoscopic surgery
- exercise
- external fixation
- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
- extraocular muscle surgery
- eye surgery
- eyelid surgery
- fasciotomy
- fluid repletion
- fluid restriction
- gamma knife radiosurgery
- gastrectomy
- gastrostomy
- gender reassignment surgery
- gonadectomy
- heart transplantation
- hormone replacement
- hormone suppression
- hypophysectomy
- hysterectomy
- inguinal orchiectomy
- internal fixation
- intra-cardiac defibrillator
- islet transplantation
- ivf
- kidney transplantation
- laparoscopic adrenalectomy
- laryngoplasty
- laryngoscopy
- laser lithotripsy
- light treatment
- liver transplantation
- lumpectomy
- lymph node dissection
- mastectomy
- molecularly targeted therapy
- neuroendoscopic surgery
- oophorectomy
- orbital decompression
- orbital radiation
- orchidectomy
- orthopaedic surgery
- osteotomy
- ovarian cystectomy
- ovarian diathermy
- oxygen therapy
- pancreas transplantation
- pancreatectomy
- pancreaticoduodenectomy
- parathyroidectomy
- percutaneous adrenal ablation
- percutaneous nephrolithotomy
- pericardiocentesis
- pericardiotomy
- physiotherapy
- pituitary adenomectomy
- plasma exchange
- plasmapheresis
- psychotherapy
- radiofrequency ablation
- radionuclide therapy
- radiotherapy
- reconstruction of genitalia
- resection of tumour
- right-sided hemicolectomy
- salpingo-oophorectomy
- small bowel resection
- speech and language therapy
- spinal surgery
- splenectomy
- stereotactic radiosurgery
- termination of pregnancy
- thymic transplantation
- thyroidectomy
- tracheostomy
- transcranial surgery
- transsphenoidal surgery
- transtentorial surgery
- vaginoplasty
- vagotomy
- 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
- 17?-estradiol
- abiraterone
- acarbose
- acetazolamide
- acetohexamide
- adalimumab
- albiglutide
- alendronate
- alogliptin
- alpha-blockers
- alphacalcidol
- alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- amiloride
- amlodipine
- amoxicillin
- anastrozole
- angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- angiotensin receptor antagonists
- anthracyclines
- antiandrogens
- antibiotics
- antiemetics
- antiepileptics
- antipsychotics
- antithyroid drugs
- antiseptic
- antivirals
- aripiprazole
- aromatase inhibitors
- aspirin
- astragalus membranaceus
- ativan
- atenolol
- atorvastatin
- avp receptor antagonists
- axitinib
- azathioprine
- bendroflumethiazide
- benzodiazepines
- beta-blockers
- betamethasone
- bexlosteride
- bicalutamide
- bisphosphonates
- bleomycin
- botulinum toxin
- bromocriptine
- cabergoline
- cabozantinib
- calcimimetics
- calcitonin (salmon)
- calcium
- calcium carbonate
- calcium chloride
- calcium dobesilate
- calcium edta
- calcium gluconate
- calcium-l-aspartate
- calcium polystyrene sulphonate
- canagliflozin
- capecitabine
- captopril
- carbimazole
- carboplatin
- carbutamide
- carvedilol
- ceftriaxone
- chlorothiazide
- chlorpropamide
- cholecalciferol
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- ciclosporin
- cinacalcet
- cisplatin
- clodronate
- clomifene
- clomiphene citrate
- clopidogrel
- co-cyprindiol
- codeine
- colonic polyps
- combined oral contraceptive pill
- conivaptan
- cortisone acetate
- continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion
- continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
- coumadin
- corticosteroids
- cortisol
- cyproterone acetate
- dacarbazine
- danazol
- dapagliflozin
- daunorubicin
- deferiprone
- demeclocycline
- denosumab
- desmopressin
- dexamethasone
- diazepam
- diethylstilbestrol
- digoxin
- diltiazem
- diphenhydramine
- diuretics
- docetaxel
- dopamine agonists
- dopamine antagonists
- dopamine receptor agonists
- doxazosin
- doxepin
- doxorubicin
- dpp4 inhibitors
- dutasteride
- dutogliptin
- eflornithine
- enoxaparin
- empagliflozin
- epinephrine
- epirubicin
- eplerenone
- epristeride
- equilenin
- equilin
- erlotinib
- ethinylestradiol
- etidronate
- etomidate
- etoposide
- everolimus
- exenatide
- fenofibrate
- finasteride
- fluconazole
- fluticasone
- fludrocortisone
- fluorouracil
- fluoxetine
- flutamide
- furosemide
- gaba receptor antagonists
- gefitinib
- gemcitabine
- gemigliptin
- ginkgo biloba
- glibenclamide
- glibornuride
- gliclazide
- glimepiride
- glipizide
- gliquidone
- glisoxepide
- glp1 agonists
- glucose
- glyclopyramide
- gnrh analogue
- gnrh antagonists
- heparin
- hrt (menopause)
- hydrochlorothiazide
- hydrocortisone
- ibandronate
- ibuprofen
- idarubicin
- idebenone
- imatinib
- immunoglobulin therapy
- implanon
- indapamide
- infliximab
- iron supplements
- isoniazid
- insulin aspart
- insulin glargine
- insulin glulisine
- insulin lispro
- interferon
- intrauterine system
- iopanoic acid
- ipilimumab
- ipragliflozin
- irbesartan
- izonsteride
- ketoconazole
- labetalol
- lactulose
- lanreotide
- leuprolide acetate
- levatinib
- levodopa
- levonorgestrel
- levothyroxine
- linagliptin
- liothyronine
- liraglutide
- lithium
- lisinopril
- lixivaptan
- loperamide
- loprazolam
- lormetazepam
- losartan
- low calcium formula
- magnesium glycerophosphate
- magnesium sulphate
- mecasermin
- medronate
- medroxyprogesterone acetate
- meglitinides
- menotropin
- metformin
- methadone
- methimazole
- methylprednisolone
- metoprolol
- metyrapone
- miglitol
- mitotane
- mitoxantrone
- mozavaptan
- mtor inhibitors
- multivitamins
- naproxen
- natalizumab
- nateglinide
- nelivaptan
- neridronate
- nifedipine
- nilutamide
- nitrazepam
- nivolumab
- nsaid
- octreotide
- oestradiol valerate
- olanzapine
- olpadronate
- omeprazole
- opioids
- oral contraceptives
- orlistat
- ornipressin
- otelixizumab
- oxandrolone
- oxidronate
- oxybutynin
- paclitaxel
- pamidronate
- pancreatic enzymes
- pantoprazole
- paracetamol
- paroxetine
- pasireotide
- pegvisomant
- perindopril
- phenobarbital
- phenoxybenzamine
- phosphate binders
- phosphate supplements
- phytohaemagglutinin induced interferon gamma
- pioglitazone
- plicamycin
- potassium chloride
- potassium iodide
- pramlintide
- prazosin
- prednisolone
- prednisone
- premarin
- promethazine
- propranolol
- propylthiouracil
- protease inhibitors
- proton pump inhibitors
- pyridostigmine
- quetiapine
- quinagolide
- quinestrol
- radioactive mibg
- radioactive octreotide
- radioiodine
- raloxifene
- ramipril
- relcovaptan
- remogliflozin etabonate
- repaglinide
- risperidone
- risedronate
- rituximab
- romidepsin
- rosiglitazone
- salbutamol
- saline
- salmeterol
- salt supplements
- satavaptan
- saxagliptin
- selective progesterone receptor modulators
- selenium
- sglt2 inhibitors
- sildenafil
- simvastatin
- sirolimus
- sitagliptin
- sodium bicarbonate
- sodium chloride
- sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)
- somatostatin analogues
- sorafenib
- spironolactone
- ssris
- statins
- streptozotocin
- steroids
- strontium ranelate
- sucralfate
- sulphonylureas
- sunitinib
- tamoxifen
- taspoglutide
- temazepam
- temozolomide
- teplizumab
- terazosin
- teriparatide
- testolactone
- testosterone enanthate esters
- tetrabenazine
- thalidomide
- thiazolidinediones
- thyrotropin alpha
- tibolone
- tiludronate
- tiratricol (triac)
- tofogliflozin
- tolazamide
- tolbutamide
- tolvaptan
- tramadol
- trastuzumab
- trazodone
- triamcinolone
- triamterene
- trimipramine
- troglitazone
- tryptophan
- turosteride
- tyrosine-kinase inhibitors
- valproic acid
- valrubicin
- vandetanib
- vaptans
- vildagliptin
- vinorelbine
- voglibose
- vorinostat
- warfarin
- zaleplon
- z-drugs
- zoledronic acid
- zolpidem
- zopiclone
- cardiology
- dermatology
- gastroenterology
- general practice
- genetics
- geriatrics
- gynaecology
- nephrology
- neurology
- nursing
- obstetrics
- oncology
- otolaryngology
- paediatrics
- pathology
- podiatry
- psychology/psychiatry
- radiology/rheumatology
- rehabilitation
- surgery
- urology
- insight into disease pathogenesis or mechanism of therapy
- novel diagnostic procedure
- novel treatment
- unique/unexpected symptoms or presentations of a disease
- new disease or syndrome: presentations/diagnosis/management
- unusual effects of medical treatment
- error in diagnosis/pitfalls and caveats
- february
- 2022
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Jazdarehee
- Department of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sawyer Huget-Penner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraser Health Authority, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monika Pawlowska
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Cho DY, Willborg BE, Lu GN. Management of Traumatic Soft Tissue Injuries of the Face. Semin Plast Surg 2021; 35:229-237. [PMID: 34819804 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Facial soft tissue injuries encompass a broad spectrum of presentations and often present significant challenges to the craniofacial surgeon. A thorough and systematic approach to these patients is critical to ensure that the patient is stabilized, other injuries identified, and the full extent of the injuries are assessed. Initial management focuses on wound cleaning with irrigation, hemostasis, and debridement of nonviable tissue. Definitive management is dependent on the region of the face involved with special considerations for critical structures such as the globe, lacrimal apparatus, facial nerve, and parotid duct. Following sound surgical principles, these injuries can be managed to maximize both functional and aesthetic outcomes while minimizing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Cho
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brooke E Willborg
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - G Nina Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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20
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Barbi W, Sonawane RS, Singh P, Kumar S, Kumar BR, Arora A. Evaluation of the Orofacial Features in the Victims of Abuse and Neglect of 5-16-Year-old Age Children. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1705-S1708. [PMID: 35018059 PMCID: PMC8686918 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_230_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cavity may be considered a pivotal focal point in physical assault or abuse because of its implication in communication and nutrition. Dentists trained in a child abuse curriculum can provide valuable information and assistance to physicians about oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect. The present study was conducted to evaluate the orofacial features of children between the age group of 5-16 years suspected to be victims of child abuse/neglect. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 250 children ranging between 5 and 16 years were enrolled in the study. All the participants were suspected to be victims of child abuse/neglect. The orofacial features were carefully examined by a well-trained dentist. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty children were enrolled in the study. Seventy-two children (30%) presented with laceration of various sites including lip (n = 13), frenum (n = 8), buccal mucosa (n = 26), palate (n = 16), and floor of the mouth (n = 9). Twenty-nine participants exhibited the features of avulsion (11.6%). Eighteen children revealed dento-alveolar fractures, 104 presented with dental caries (41.6%), 19 presented with missing teeth (7.6%), all the candidates presented with deposits (100%). CONCLUSION Careful intraoral and perioral examination of the participants victimized to abuse and/neglect is necessary as the oral cavity is a central focus for physical abuse, which may be allied to its importance in communication and nutrition. Physicians and dentists should work together to increase the prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravindra S. Sonawane
- Department of Pediatrics, Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pinky Singh
- Department of Dentistry, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, ITS CDSR Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Boddupally Ravi Kumar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Boddupally Ravi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, ESIC Medical College, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. E-mail:
| | - Aafreen Arora
- Department of Dentistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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21
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Perdoncin E, Bruce CG, Babaliaros VC, Yildirim DK, Depta JP, McCabe JM, Gleason PT, Xie J, Grubb KJ, Paone G, Kohli K, Kamioka N, Khan JM, Rogers T, Lederman RJ, Greenbaum AB. Balloon-Augmented Leaflet Modification With Bioprosthetic or Native Aortic Scallop Intentional Laceration to Prevent Iatrogenic Coronary Artery Obstruction and Laceration of the Anterior Mitral Leaflet to Prevent Outflow Obstruction: Benchtop Validation and First In-Man Experience. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 14:e011028. [PMID: 34674556 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.121.011028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent iatrogenic coronary artery obstruction (BASILICA) and laceration of the anterior mitral leaflet to prevent outflow obstruction (LAMPOON) reduce the risk of coronary and left ventricular outflow obstruction obstruction during transcatheter aortic valve replacement and transcatheter mitral valve replacement. Despite successful laceration, BASILICA or LAMPOON may fail to prevent obstruction caused by inadequate leaflet splay in patients having challenging anatomy such as very small valve-to-coronary distance, diffusely calcified, rigid leaflets, or undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement inside existing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. We describe a novel technique of balloon-augmented (BA) leaflet laceration to enhance leaflet splay. METHODS We measured the incremental leaflet splay from BA-BASILICA in vitro. From November 2019 to March 2021, 16 patients underwent BA-BASILICA and 4 BA-LAMPOON at 3 centers. RESULTS BA-BASILICA increased benchtop leaflet tip splay 17%, maximum splay angle 30%, and splay area 23%, resulting in a more rounded apex and larger effective area. Sixteen patients at risk for inadequate BASILICA leaflet splay, including 4 transcatheter aortic valve replacement inside existing transcatheter aortic valve replacement, underwent BA-BASILICA. All had successful leaflet laceration. One had coronary obstruction requiring immediate orthotopic stenting. Two underwent elective orthotopic coronary stenting through the transcatheter valve cells for leaflet prolapse without coronary ischemia. There were no deaths during the procedure or at 30 days. Four patients at risk for inadequate anterior mitral leaflet splay underwent BA-LAMPOON. All had successful target leaflet laceration without left ventricular outflow obstruction obstruction or procedural death. One died within 30 days. CONCLUSIONS BA leaflet laceration enhances leaflet splay in vitro and may allow transcatheter aortic valve replacement and transcatheter mitral valve replacement in patients otherwise ineligible for traditional BASILICA or LAMPOON due to challenging anatomy. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Perdoncin
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA (E.P., V.C.B., P.T.G., J.X., K.J.G., G.P., N.K., A.B.G.)
| | - Christopher G Bruce
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.G.B., D.K.Y., J.M.K., T.R., R.J.L.)
| | - Vasilis C Babaliaros
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA (E.P., V.C.B., P.T.G., J.X., K.J.G., G.P., N.K., A.B.G.)
| | - Dursun Korel Yildirim
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.G.B., D.K.Y., J.M.K., T.R., R.J.L.)
| | - Jeremiah P Depta
- Sands-Constellation Heart Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY (J.P.D.)
| | - James M McCabe
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.G.B., D.K.Y., J.M.K., T.R., R.J.L.).,Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle (J.M.M.)
| | - Patrick T Gleason
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA (E.P., V.C.B., P.T.G., J.X., K.J.G., G.P., N.K., A.B.G.)
| | - Joe Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA (E.P., V.C.B., P.T.G., J.X., K.J.G., G.P., N.K., A.B.G.)
| | - Kendra J Grubb
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA (E.P., V.C.B., P.T.G., J.X., K.J.G., G.P., N.K., A.B.G.)
| | - Gaetano Paone
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA (E.P., V.C.B., P.T.G., J.X., K.J.G., G.P., N.K., A.B.G.)
| | - Keshav Kohli
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (K.K.)
| | - Norihiko Kamioka
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA (E.P., V.C.B., P.T.G., J.X., K.J.G., G.P., N.K., A.B.G.)
| | - Jaffar M Khan
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.G.B., D.K.Y., J.M.K., T.R., R.J.L.)
| | - Toby Rogers
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.G.B., D.K.Y., J.M.K., T.R., R.J.L.)
| | - Robert J Lederman
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.G.B., D.K.Y., J.M.K., T.R., R.J.L.)
| | - Adam B Greenbaum
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA (E.P., V.C.B., P.T.G., J.X., K.J.G., G.P., N.K., A.B.G.)
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22
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Huebinger RM, Do DH, Carlson DL, Yao X, Stones DH, De Souza Santos M, Vaz DP, Keen E, Wolf SE, Minei JP, Francis KP, Orth K, Krachler AM. Bacterial adhesion inhibitor prevents infection in a rodent surgical incision model. Virulence 2021; 11:695-706. [PMID: 32490711 PMCID: PMC7550027 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1772652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infection risk continues to increase due to lack of efficacy in current standard of care drugs. New methods to treat or prevent antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are needed. Multivalent Adhesion Molecules (MAM) are bacterial adhesins required for virulence. We developed a bacterial adhesion inhibitor using recombinant MAM fragment bound to polymer scaffold, mimicking MAM7 display on the bacterial surface. Here, we test MAM7 inhibitor efficacy to prevent Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections. Using a rodent model of surgical infection, incision sites were infected with antibiotic-resistant bioluminescent strains of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infections were treated with MAM7 inhibitor or control suspension. Bacterial abundance was quantified for nine days post infection. Inflammatory responses and histology were characterized using fixed tissue sections. MAM7 inhibitor treatment decreased burden of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa below detection threshold. Bacterial load of groups treated with control were significantly higher than MAM7 inhibitor-treated groups. Treatment with inhibitor reduced colonization of clinically-relevant pathogens in an in vivo model of surgical infection. Use of MAM7 inhibitor to block initial adhesion of bacteria to tissue in surgical incisions may reduce infection rates, presenting a strategy to mitigate overuse of antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D H Do
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D L Carlson
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - X Yao
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D H Stones
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University of Gloucestershire, School of Natural and Social Sciences , Cheltenham, UK
| | - M De Souza Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D P Vaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School , Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Keen
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - S E Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA.,UTMB Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children , Galveston, TX, USA
| | - J P Minei
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - K Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A M Krachler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School , Houston, TX, USA
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Loewenstein SN, Wulbrecht R, Leonhard V, Sasor S, Cook J, Timsina L, Adkinson J. Risk Factors for a False-Negative Examination in Complete Upper Extremity Nerve Lacerations. Hand (N Y) 2021; 16:432-438. [PMID: 31409134 PMCID: PMC8283110 DOI: 10.1177/1558944719866865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Many patients with complete nerve lacerations after upper extremity trauma have a documented normal peripheral nerve examination at the time of initial evaluation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether physician-, patient-, and injury-related factors increase the risk of false-negative nerve examinations. Methods: A statewide health information exchange was used to identify complete upper extremity nerve lacerations subsequently confirmed by surgical exploration at 1 pediatric and 2 adult level I trauma centers in a single city from January 2013 to January 2017. Charts were manually reviewed to build a database that included Glasgow Coma Scale score, urine drug screen results, blood alcohol level, presence of concomitant trauma, type of injury, level of injury, laterality, initial provider examination, and initial specialist examination. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for a false-negative examination. Results: Two hundred eighty-eight patients met inclusion criteria. The overall false-negative examination rate was 32.5% at initial encounter, which was higher among emergency medicine physicians compared with extremity subspecialists (P < .001) and among trauma surgeons compared with surgical subspecialists (P = .002). The false-negative rate decreased to 8% at subsequent encounter (P < .001). Risk factors for a false-negative nerve examination included physician specialty, a gunshot wound mechanism of injury, injury at the elbow, and age greater than 71 years. Conclusion: There is a high false-negative rate among upper extremity neurotmesis injuries. Patients with an injury pattern that may lead to nerve injury warrant prompt referral to an upper extremity specialist in an effort to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reed Wulbrecht
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Cook
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Lava Timsina
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Joshua Adkinson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA,Joshua M. Adkinson, Division of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 232, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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24
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Modoor S, Fouly H, Rawas H. The effect of warm compresses on perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor: A randomized controlled trial. Belitung Nurs J 2021; 7:210-218. [PMID: 37469347 PMCID: PMC10353617 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Warm compress is believed to reduce perineal tear occurrence and decrease pain intensity during the second stage of childbirth. Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of warm compresses on perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted between 28 September 2018 to 30 October 2018 in King Khaled Hospital (KKH), affiliated with the Ministry of National Guard Hospital Affairs, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Western Region, Saudi Arabia. According to eligibility criteria, the sample randomly recruited through lottery included 100 primigravida pregnant women, with 50 in each intervention and control group. Data were presented in the form of frequency and percentages, standard deviation, and mean. Chi-square test was used for data analysis, with p-value significance at ˂ 0.05. Results Sociodemographic data revealed no statistically significant difference in the age, education, occupation, and residence of both the control and experimental group. The perineum area's pain intensity after birth showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups (p = 0.001). The perineal tear was also significantly different between both groups (p = 0.001). Conclusion The applied warm compresses on the perineum area positively reduce second and third-degree perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor and after childbirth. Therefore, midwives and nurses are expected to actively provide effective planned in-service training programs regarding warm compresses' advantages in the second stage of labor and apply this procedure actively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Modoor
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Howieda Fouly
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Hawazen Rawas
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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25
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Yuan H, Zhang YZ, Jie H, Li SL. The Application of Tissue Glue in Eyelid Laceration Repair in Children During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Lockdown in Wuhan. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:541-546. [PMID: 34045878 PMCID: PMC8146746 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s308092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss a rapid and effective treatment used for children with eyelid lacerations during the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan to limit the risk of cross-infection. METHODS A comparative study was conducted of forty-five patients with eyelid lacerations who attended the Ophthalmology Department of Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 23, 2020 and March 6, 2020. The tissue glue Histoacryl was used to bond the wounds in 24 cases, while the traditional suture method was used for 21 cases. The wound healing time, complications, treatment satisfaction, and number of visits of the two groups were compared. RESULTS The two groups had similar baseline characteristics. The wound healing time (from wound disinfection to wound dressing) was shorter in the tissue glue group (4.35 ± 0.47min versus 11.71 ± 1.85 min, P< 0.01). There was 1 case of wound dehiscence in the tissue glue group. Twenty-two cases in the tissue glue group were satisfied, 2 cases were basically satisfied, and 0 were dissatisfied. Eleven cases in the traditional suture group were satisfied, 9 cases were basically satisfied, and 1 case was dissatisfied. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In terms of the number of visits, the tissue glue group visited (1.54 ± 0.88) times, while the traditional suture group visited (2.38 ± 0.59) times. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of all medical staff in the ophthalmology emergency room were negative. CONCLUSION Compared with the traditional suture method, tissue glue used in eyelid laceration in children has the advantages of painlessness, shorter operation duration, higher safety and satisfaction, greater ease of care, and fewer hospital visits. Tissue glue can be widely used to reduce the risk of cross-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Jie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Lian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People’s Republic of China
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O'Connell NC, Woodward HA, Flores‐Sanchez PL, McLaren SH, Ieni M, McKinley KW, Shen ST, Dayan PS, Tsze DS. Comparison of preadministered and coadministered lidocaine for treating pain and distress associated with intranasal midazolam administration in children: A randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2020; 1:1562-1570. [PMID: 33392564 PMCID: PMC7771777 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain and distress associated with intranasal midazolam administration can be decreased by administering lidocaine before intranasal midazolam (preadministered lidocaine) or combining lidocaine with midazolam in a single solution (coadministered lidocaine). We hypothesized coadministered lidocaine is non-inferior to preadministered lidocaine for decreasing pain and distress associated with intranasal midazolam administration. METHODS Randomized, outcome assessor-blinded, noninferiority trial. Children aged 6 months to 7 years undergoing laceration repair received intranasal midazolam with preadministered or coadministered lidocaine. Pain and distress were evaluated with the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised (OSBD-R) (primary outcome; non-inferiority margin 1.8 units) and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scales and cry duration (secondary outcomes). Secondary outcomes also included adverse events, clinician and caregiver satisfaction, and pain and distress associated with intranasal lidocaine administration. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were analyzed. Mean OSBD-R scores associated with intranasal midazolam administration were 6.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5, 7.8) and 7 (95% CI 5.2, 8.9) units for preadministered and coadministered lidocaine, respectively. The difference of 0.6 (95% CI -1.7, 2.8) units represented an inconclusive non-inferiority determination. CHEOPS and FLACC scores and cry duration were similar between groups. OSBD-R, CHEOPS, and FLACC scores and cry duration associated with intranasal lidocaine administration were 3.8, 9.9, and 6 units, and 56 seconds, respectively. Clinicians considered coadministered lidocaine easier to administer. CONCLUSION Pain and distress associated with intranasal midazolam administration were similar when using coadministered or preadministered lidocaine, but our non-inferiority determination was inconclusive. Administration of intranasal lidocaine by itself was associated with a measurable degree of pain and distress.Keywords: intranasal, midazolam, anxiolysis, sedation, emergency department, emergency medicine, pain, distress, pediatric, lidocaine, laceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. O'Connell
- Department of Emergency MedicineDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineWestchester Medical CenterValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | - Hilary A. Woodward
- Department of Child LifeNewYork‐Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Pamela L. Flores‐Sanchez
- Department of Emergency MedicineDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Son H. McLaren
- Department of Emergency MedicineDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Maria Ieni
- Department of Emergency MedicineDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kenneth W. McKinley
- Department of Emergency MedicineDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of Pediatric Emergency MedicineChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Sripriya T. Shen
- Department of Emergency MedicineDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Peter S. Dayan
- Department of Emergency MedicineDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Daniel S. Tsze
- Department of Emergency MedicineDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Abstract
Purpose: Pigtail probe as a procedure of choice for canalicular laceration. Methods: Retrospective, consecutive interventional case series of patients with eyelid laceration involving the canaliculus undergoing repair. All patients were subjected to repair with pigtail probe as first choice and only if this was not possible, they were repaired by other method. Outcome was analyzed in terms of cosmetic, functional, and anatomic success. Results: A total of 35 patients (mean age, 10.88 years) underwent eyelid and canaliculus repair by a single surgeon (RM). In all, 32 (91.42%) canalicular lacerations were repaired by annular intubation using a pigtail probe, while the remaining 3 (8.58%) lacerations in which pigtail probe intubation was not possible, were repaired by an alternative method. Upper canaliculus was involved in 6 (17.14%) and lower canaliculus in 29 (82.86%) eyes. Mean follow-up was 8.2 months (range 3–13 months). Intubation tubes were removed after at least 3 months (range 12–20 weeks). None of the patients had complaints of epiphora. All the patients had good cosmesis, anatomic alignment and functional success as assessed by dye disappearance test in younger children and lacrimal irrigation in older children and adults. Conclusion: Bicanalicular annular repair with pigtail probe achieved excellent functional and cosmetic results. The loop minimizes the chances of extrusion of the tube, maintains natural anatomic alignment of the cut ends of the canaliculus and thus retains the integrity of the delicate canalicular system. Pigtail probe intubation can be considered as the first choice in canalicular lacerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maanvi Maheshwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Greater Noida, UP, India
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28
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Majer J, Valentine S, Warren J, Grant N, Sri-Ganeshan M, Jermakoff A, Cooper B, Knott JC, Taylor DM. Outcomes of laceration suture repair in the emergency department. Emerg Med Australas 2020; 33:242-249. [PMID: 32844572 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess patient satisfaction with laceration management, post-ED care, cosmesis and complication rates. METHODS We undertook a prospective observational study of adult patients with lacerations sutured in two EDs over a 4-month period. ED data included participant demographics, laceration characteristics and management. A telephone survey was undertaken approximately 14 days post-ED discharge. Patient satisfaction with post-ED pain management, advice on wound care and follow up, overall management and wound cosmesis were evaluated using a six-item satisfaction scale (very dissatisfied to very satisfied). Details of wound infection, dehiscence and suture failure were recorded. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients participated. The number (% [95% confidence interval]) of patients very satisfied with their laceration management were: post-ED pain management 55 (62.5% [51.5-72.4]), wound care advice 51 (57.3% [46.4-67.6]), follow-up advice 39 (43.8% [33.5-54.7]), overall management 61 (68.5% [57.7-77.7]) and cosmetic appearance 46 (51.7% [40.9-62.3]). Infection, dehiscence and suture failure occurred in 5 (5.6%), 8 (9.0%) and 8 (9.0%) cases, respectively. These complications were not associated with being very satisfied overall (P = 0.96). Patients very satisfied with post-ED pain management, wound care advice, follow-up advice or wound cosmesis were much more likely to be very satisfied overall (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Most patients are very satisfied with their laceration management. However, there is scope for improvement, especially for follow-up and wound care advice. Complications are infrequent and not associated with overall satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaimee Warren
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Blake Cooper
- Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Knott
- Emergency Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David McD Taylor
- Emergency Department, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hatoum H, Maureira P, Lilly S, Dasi LP. Impact of Leaflet Laceration on Transcatheter Aortic Valve-in-Valve Washout: BASILICA to Solve Neosinus and Sinus Stasis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 12:1229-1237. [PMID: 31272669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate any potential leaflet washout benefits after bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent iatrogenic coronary artery obstruction during TAVR (BASILICA) in transcatheter valve-in-valve (ViV) in the context of leaflet thrombosis. BACKGROUND Leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement is secondary to flow stasis in both the sinus and neosinus. Strategies to improve washout and ameliorate neosinus and sinus flow velocities may have the potential to mitigate the occurrence of clinical and subclinical leaflet thrombosis. METHODS A 23-mm Edwards SAPIEN 3 and a 26-mm Medtronic Evolut were deployed in a 23-mm transparent surgical aortic valve model before and after leaflet laceration. The valves were placed in the aortic position of a pulse duplicator flow loop. Particle image velocimetry was performed to quantify sinus flow hemodynamic status. A tracing fluorescent dye was injected to evaluate the number of cycles to washout in both regions of interest. RESULTS The leaflet laceration procedure led to an increase in the velocities in the sinus and the neosinus by 50% for Evolut ViV and 61.9% for SAPIEN 3 ViV. In addition, leaflet laceration led to a reduction in overall cycles to washout in the neosinus by at least 56% with the Evolut and 54.5% with the SAPIEN 3 and in the sinus by at least 16.7% with the Evolut and 60.8% with the SAPIEN. CONCLUSIONS Leaflet laceration using a BASILICA-type approach may hold the potential to mitigate neosinus and sinus flow stasis. Controlled in vivo trials are necessary to establish the potential benefit of BASILICA to reduce the occurrence of leaflet thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Hatoum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Scott Lilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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30
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De Angelis C, Di Stadio A, Vitale S, Saccone G, Angelis MCD, Zizolfi B, Di Spiezio Sardo A. Use of calendula ointment after episiotomy: a randomized clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1860-1864. [PMID: 32460565 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1770219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Episiotomy is associated with an increased risk of postpartum pain, bleeding, and dyspareunia. The hypothesis of this trial was that in women with singleton pregnancy, and spontaneous labor at term, use of calendula ointment would reduce pain after episiotomy.Methods: This was a single-center parallel group randomized trial of women with singleton pregnancies and spontaneous labor at term who were randomized to either use of calendula ointment (i.e. intervention group) or standard care (i.e. control group) after episiotomy. Eligible women were those with singleton gestations in spontaneous labor and vertex presentation at term. Women with premature rupture of membranes were excluded from the study. Women in the intervention group were recommended use of calendula ointment 4 h after the episiotomy and then every 8 h for 10 days. The primary outcome was the pain level. Pain level was self-reported and recorded using the verbal rating scale (VRS). The effect of the calendula ointment was quantified as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: During the study, 100 women agreed to take part in the study, underwent randomization, and were enrolled in this trial. Of the 100 randomized women, 50 were randomized to the calendula ointment group, and 50 to the control group. No women were excluded after randomization or lost to follow up.Women who received calendula ointment after episiotomy compared to standard care had a significantly lower pain level starting from day two and during all the follow-up. Calendula ointment also improve wound healing in terms of redness and edema.Conclusions: Use of calendula ointment significantly reduce pain after episiotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Angelis
- Casa di Cura Accreditata Fabia Mater, Rome, Italy.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Saccone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Brunella Zizolfi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Bhushan DB, Gupta PT, Supriya GA, Butani MT. Successful anesthetic management of a massive thoracoabdominal impalement injury. Ann Card Anaesth 2020; 23:252-253. [PMID: 32275053 PMCID: PMC7336987 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_152_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the management, focusing on the anesthetic preparedness, of a 44-year-old man who presented with impalement of a 1 m long serrated rod through the right supraclavicular fossa extending up to the right iliac fossa, along with rib fractures and laceration of the liver and diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak B Bhushan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti T Gupta
- Department of Anaesthesiology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gajendragadkar A Supriya
- Department of Anaesthesiology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manju T Butani
- Department of Anaesthesiology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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32
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Alhammad F, Galindo-Ferreiro A, Khandekar R, Al-Sheikh O, Alzaher F, Schellini S. Management outcomes of canalicular laceration in children. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2020; 34:101-106. [PMID: 33575530 PMCID: PMC7866718 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.305041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To report the epidemiological data, clinical profile, management, and outcomes of canalicular lacerations in the pediatric age group in a tertiary eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated pediatric patients who underwent canalicular laceration repair in the last 15 years at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH), Saudi Arabia. Demographics, causes of injury, type of trauma, surgical approach, and outcomes were analyzed. The success of repair was defined as the absence of epiphora after canaliculus repair with negative dye disappearance test (DDT). Success within subgroups was compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study sample was comprised of 43 patients, with a median age of 6.35 years (range, 1.77–17.96 years). Most of the patients were males (69.8%). Sharp objects were the most common cause of canalicular laceration (46.5%), being 9 (20.9 %) caused by a metallic clothing hanger. Lower canaliculus was involved in 65.1%, upper canaliculus in 32.6%, and both canaliculi in 2.3% of patients. Canaliculus repair was performed with a bicanalicular stent in 58.1 % and monocanalicular stent in 41.9 % of patients.The success rate and risk of complications using bicanalicular or monocanalicular stent did not differ (P = 0.065). Functional success was achieved in 87.5% of patients. CONCLUSION: Canalicular laceration is common in male children, mainly affecting the lower canaliculus. There was no difference in success rate between monocanalicular and bicanalicular stent. As canalicular laceration could be related to social determinants, the main causes should be highlighted in community health education initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Alhammad
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Oculoplastics and Orbit Department, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rajiv Khandekar
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al-Sheikh
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alzaher
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Department, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvana Schellini
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Hatoum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (H.H., L.P.D.)
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CHU de Nancy, France (P.M.)
| | - Scott Lilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus (S.L.)
| | - Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (H.H., L.P.D.)
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34
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Smith JS. Variations in the aftercare of facial wounds: a survey of maxillofacial clinicians. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:552-557. [PMID: 32113727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Good aftercare of traumatic wounds reduces the risk of infection and improves functional and aesthetic outcomes. Inconsistencies in the instructions given by oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeons to patients with facial lacerations have previously been noted. We therefore sent anonymous online surveys to OMF clinicians in the United Kingdom to investigate the extent of the variation in aftercare advice given to patients who have had traumatic lacerations of the skin of the head and neck. Respondents were asked about their current practice, including instructions on how to clean wounds, the provision of cleaning materials, use of topical dressings, and advice regarding dry time; also the number of days before the removal of sutures, and specialist review of facial wounds. A total of 63 responded. There was considerable variation within and between grades regarding the advice given. Advice varied and there was no consensus in any of the areas questioned. Robust evidence on the aftercare of traumatic lacerations is lacking. To develop practical guidelines for advice there is a need for further research in the area and further discussion about the aftercare of lacerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Smith
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
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Krämer S, Broschewitz J, Kirsten H, Sell C, Eichfeld U, Struck MF. Prognostic Factors for Iatrogenic Tracheal Rupture: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020382. [PMID: 32024043 PMCID: PMC7074133 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic tracheal ruptures are rare but severe complications of medical interventions. The main goal of this study was to explore prognostic factors for all-cause mortality and rupture-related (adjusted) mortality. We retrospectively analyzed patients admitted to an academic referral center over a 15-year period (2004-2018). Fifty-four patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 36 patients underwent surgical repair and 18 patients were treated conservatively. In a 90-day follow-up, the all-cause mortality was 50%, while the adjusted mortality was 13%. Rupture length was identified as a predictor for all-cause mortality (area under the curve, 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-0.94) with a cutoff rupture length of 4.5 cm (sensitivity, 0.70; specificity, 0.81). Multivariate analysis confirmed rupture length as a prognostic factor for all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-1.9; p = 0.001), but not for adjusted mortality (HR 1.5; 95% CI 0.97-2.3; p = 0.068), while mediastinitis predicted adjusted mortality (HR 5.8; 95% CI 1.1-31.7; p = 0.042), but not all-cause mortality (HR 1.6; 95% CI 0.7-3.5; p = 0.243). The extent of iatrogenic tracheal rupture and mediastinitis might be relevant prognostic factors for all-cause mortality and adjusted mortality, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Krämer
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.K.); (J.B.); (C.S.); (U.E.)
| | - Johannes Broschewitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.K.); (J.B.); (C.S.); (U.E.)
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Carolin Sell
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.K.); (J.B.); (C.S.); (U.E.)
| | - Uwe Eichfeld
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.K.); (J.B.); (C.S.); (U.E.)
| | - Manuel Florian Struck
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-151-2886-1631
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Rothstein R, Zhen K, Olympia RP. School Nurses on the Front Lines of Medicine: When You Don't Need to "STOP AT AN ER STAT!"-The Role of Urgent Care Centers in the Management of Students With Nonemergent Chief Complaints. NASN Sch Nurse 2019; 35:24-29. [PMID: 31631771 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x19878888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the midst of our nation's growing primary care provider shortage and subsequent overutilization of the emergency room (ER), urgent care centers represent an accessible, convenient, and affordable alternative for the management of "urgencies" or nonemergent illnesses and injuries. Despite the presence of competent healthcare providers and a wide array of services at urgent care centers, patients continue to pursue care in the ER for urgencies. School nurses may utilize urgent care centers for the evaluation and management of students with nonemergent medical or traumatic chief complaints. This article discusses the field of urgent care medicine, describes the pediatric services provided at urgent care centers, and summarizes the capabilities of centers to deal with potential urgencies versus emergencies in children and adolescents based on their chief complaint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Rothstein
- Professor, Penn State College of Medicine, Attending Pediatric Emergency Medicine physician, Penn State Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA
| | - Kevin Zhen
- Professor, Penn State College of Medicine, Attending Pediatric Emergency Medicine physician, Penn State Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA
| | - Robert P Olympia
- Professor, Penn State College of Medicine, Attending Pediatric Emergency Medicine physician, Penn State Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA
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Fahey E, Hughes A, Egan C, Murphy CG. Burst Lacerations: A New Term for a Common Injury to the Foot. J Agromedicine 2019; 23:279-283. [PMID: 30047857 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2018.1470050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case series describes four cases with a similar mechanism of injury: crush injuries to the foot from hydraulic presses/trailers. The aim of the study was to review a specific cohort of pneumatic compression injuries of the foot in terms of their soft-tissue component, and in particular relating to the burst lacerations. METHOD The mechanism and patterns of injury were reviewed to identify common features in a case series of four crush injuries to the foot which presented to the Emergency Department of University Hospital Galway over a period of 6 months between January and July 2017. RESULTS There were four cases of high-energy crush injuries to the feet seen in involved farmers (mean age 55). The cases presented with similar soft-tissue injuries, despite having quite varied bony injuries. All patients had lacerations of the webbed spaces, which is likely due to extrusion of the interosseous muscles as they are flattened. Three patients had lacerations along the medial side of their foot extending transversely across the plantar surface. CONCLUSION A common pattern of soft-tissue injury was present in these cases. We feel the term "burst laceration" is an appropriate term for describing this pattern. Burst lacerations are a marker of high-energy crush injuries and should alert surgeons to the severe soft-tissue injury that likely overlies the more obvious fracture. The importance of soft-tissue management in high-energy lower limb injury cannot be overstated. We feel the presence of burst lacerations to the foot should alert the surgeon to a high-energy crush-injury type mechanism of injury, and guide both soft-issue and bony management to optimize patient outcomes.
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Abstract
The radial artery access site laceration is rare. We hereby described a case of radial artery access site laceration during retrieval of a cutting balloon. The bleeding site was not responsive to hemostatic maneuvers such as application of an external blood pressure cuff, balloon inflation, and an external compression bandage and was eventually coil embolized. Sacrifice using endovascular coiling averted surgical ligation which was the alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uei Pua
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Godosis D, Kaselas C, Demiri C, Anastasiadis K, Tsiaprazi T, Spyridakis I. Traumatic perineal injury in a 13-year-old female: Case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Rep 2019; 11:7993. [PMID: 31281612 PMCID: PMC6589640 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2019.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic perineal injury in children is a rather underestimated condition, in terms of occurrence. The rapid stretching of the soft perineal environment, combined with the surrounding osseous tissue of the pelvis, can cause severe injuries. The key to successful management of these injuries includes timely resuscitation, thorough physical examination and quick and safe repair of damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Godosis
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Kaselas
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Charikleia Demiri
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Kleanthis Anastasiadis
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsiaprazi
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Spyridakis
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
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Yildirimer L, Brewster CT, Aziz H, Unluer Z, Jemec B, De Leo A. Experience of nail bed injuries at a tertiary hand trauma unit: a 12-month review and cost analysis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2019; 44:419-423. [PMID: 30776945 DOI: 10.1177/1753193419826465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the management of nail bed injuries from a clinical and economic perspective. We carried out a retrospective analysis of nail bed injuries treated operatively at a tertiary Plastic Surgery Hand Trauma Unit during 2016. The National Schedule of Reference Costs (2015-2016) was used to estimate the costs of treating 630 patients. The most common mechanism was a crush injury in a door (33%). Fifty-five per cent of patients had an associated tuft fracture. The minimum cost per annum for patients treated for nail bed injuries in our unit was calculated to be £511,560 (€573,362; US$666,664). Many nail bed injuries are preventable and because they present a very high financial burden on the National Health Service, targeted prevention strategies should be considered. Level of evidence: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Yildirimer
- 1 Plastic Surgery Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Colin T Brewster
- 1 Plastic Surgery Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hina Aziz
- 2 London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London UK
| | - Zeynep Unluer
- 1 Plastic Surgery Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Barbara Jemec
- 1 Plastic Surgery Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna De Leo
- 1 Plastic Surgery Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Mandel HH, Sutton GA, Abu E, Kelmer G. Intralesional application of medical grade honey improves healing of surgically treated lacerations in horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:41-45. [PMID: 30895637 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection and dehiscence of simple lacerations is common in horses, and consistently effective methods of prevention are yet to be found. Honey has been shown to promote wound healing when applied topically; however, intralesional application prior to wound closure has not been reported. OBJECTIVES To examine whether intralesional application of medical grade honey (MGH) would reduce the incidence of infection and dehiscence following wound closure. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, open-label randomised block design clinical study. METHODS Lacerations, treated by field practitioners, were divided into treatment and control groups using block randomisation. Horses in the treatment group received a single intralesional treatment with l-mesitran gel (MGH). Data were collected at the time of wound closure and at suture removal. RESULTS Data from 127 horses were included, 69 MGH-treated and 58 control cases. No adverse effects of the MGH were recorded. MGH-treated horses were more likely to completely heal (P = 0.006, odds ratio [OR] 3.40 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-8.20), to have no signs of infection (P = 0.007, OR 3.64, CI 1.42-9.26) and for the veterinarians to report some degree of satisfaction (P = 0.04, OR 2.72, CI 1.05-7.09) compared to control cases. Numbers needed to treat for complete healing was 5.1 (CI 2.8-40). MAIN LIMITATIONS Clinical studies have inherent flaws compared to wound healing models, because of variability between wounds. There were more horses with limb injuries in the control group, although not statistically significant, this may have biased the results. Clinical satisfaction and signs of infection were subjective evaluations and evaluators were not blinded to the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Intralesional application of MGH to lacerations prior to wound closure may be beneficial in preventing infection and dehiscence. Larger, blinded studies focusing on wounds at a specific location with more objective assessment should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Mandel
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - G A Sutton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - E Abu
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - G Kelmer
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Beit Dagan, Israel
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Abstract
When medical management of PPH is unsuccessful, surgical options should be utilized in a timely fashion in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. This chapter describes ways of effective preparation, mobilization of resources and an organized approach to evaluation and surgical amelioration of PPH. Multiple fertility preserving surgical techniques to control PPH are described. Although a variety of conservative surgical approaches can be used in the setting of PPH, in a hemodynamically unstable patient, readiness for definitive management with a hysterectomy is necessary in order to reduce the risk of maternal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzhamala Gilmandyar
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave, South Orange, NJ 07079, United States
| | - Loralei L Thornburg
- Associate professor Ob/Gyn, James R. Woods, Jr. Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 668, Rochester, NY 14624, United States.
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Abstract
Secondary trigger finger caused by trauma to the hand, especially associated with partial flexor tendon rupture, is not a common condition. Thus, the clinical manifestations of these patients are not well-known. The aim of this study is to present secondary trigger finger caused by a neglected partial flexor tendon rupture including discussion of the mechanism and treatment.We retrospectively reviewed the records of 6 patients with trigger finger caused by a neglected partial flexor tendon rupture who had been treated with exploration, debridement, and repairing of the ruptured tendon from August 2010 to May 2015. The average patient age was 41 years (range, 23-59). The time from injury to treatment averaged 4.7 months. The average follow-up period was 9 months (range, 4-18). Functional outcome was evaluated from a comparison between the Quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, which were measured at the time of preoperation and final follow up.Four patients showed partial rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon and 3 showed partial rupture of the flexor digitorun superficialis (FDS) tendon. Both the FDP and FDS tendons were partially ruptured in 2 patients, and the remaining patient had a partial rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon. All patients regained full range of motion, and there has been no recurrence of triggering. The average VAS score decreased from 3.6 (range, 3-5) preoperatively to 0.3 (range, 0-1) at the final follow up. The average Quick-DASH score decreased from 33.6 preoperatively to 5.3 at the final follow up.When we encounter patients with puncture or laceration wounds in flexor zone 2, even when the injury appears to be simple, partial flexor tendon laceration must be taken into consideration and early exploration is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malrey Lee
- The Research Center for Advanced Image and Information Technology, School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University
| | - Young-Ran Jung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Willems LM, Watermann N, Richter S, Kay L, Hermsen AM, Knake S, Rosenow F, Strzelczyk A. Incidence, Risk Factors and Consequences of Epilepsy-Related Injuries and Accidents: A Retrospective, Single Center Study. Front Neurol 2018; 9:414. [PMID: 29963000 PMCID: PMC6013746 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate risk factors and incidence of epilepsy-related injuries and accidents (ERIA) at an outpatient clinic of a German epilepsy center providing healthcare to a mixed urban and rural population of over one million inhabitants. Methods: Data acquisition was performed between 10/2013 and 09/2014 using a validated patient questionnaire on socioeconomic status, course of epilepsy, quality of life (QoL), depression, injuries and accidents associated with seizures or inadequate periictal patterns of behavior concerning a period of 3 months. Univariate analysis, multiple testing and regression analysis were performed to identify possible variables associated with ERIA. Results: A total of 292 patients (mean age 40.8 years, range 18-86; 55% female) were enrolled and analyzed. Focal epilepsy was diagnosed in 75% of the patients. The majority was on an antiepileptic drug (AEDs) polytherapy (mean number of AEDs: 1.65). Overall, 41 patients (14.0%) suffered from epilepsy-related injuries and accidents in a 3-month period. Besides lacerations (n = 18, 6.2%), abrasions and bruises (n = 9, 3.1%), fractures (n = 6, 2.2%) and burns (n = 3, 1.0%), 17 mild injuries (5.8%) were reported. In 20 (6.8% of the total cohort) cases, urgent medical treatment with hospitalization was necessary. Epilepsy-related injuries and accidents were related to active epilepsy, occurrence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and drug-refractory course as well as reported ictal falls, ictal loss of consciousness and abnormal peri-ictal behavior in the medical history. In addition, patients with ERIA had significantly higher depression rates and lower QoL. Conclusion: ERIA and their consequences should be given more attention and standardized assessment for ERIA should be performed in every outpatient visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Willems
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Watermann
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Richter
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lara Kay
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anke M Hermsen
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Knake
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Derinkuyu BE, Boyunaga OL, Damar C, Unal S, Ergenekon E, Alimli AG, Oztunali C, Turkyilmaz C. Hepatic Complications of Umbilical Venous Catheters in the Neonatal Period: The Ultrasound Spectrum. J Ultrasound Med 2018; 37:1335-1344. [PMID: 29034490 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Umbilical venous catheterization is commonly used in the neonatal period; however, it has some complications. In this study, we evaluated neonates who underwent umbilical venous catheterization and developed hepatic complications. Furthermore, we aimed to define all of the possible lesions and to clarify the imaging findings of umbilical venous catheter-induced hepatic injury. METHODS Two hundred forty-four neonates who underwent umbilical venous catheterization between March 2013 and September 2015 in a single tertiary care referral center were included in this study. To determine whether they had any hepatic complications, all patients underwent abdominal grayscale and Doppler ultrasound examinations, and their clinical data were recorded. RESULTS The frequency of liver-related complications from umbilical venous catheterization was 33.6% (82 of 244). Air in the portal venous system was the most frequent complication (20.1% [49 of 244]). Left portal venous thrombosis was noted in 6.1% (15 of 244). Parenchymal lesions in the liver related to umbilical venous catheterization were seen in 7.4% of patients (18 of 244) as follows: single nodular echogenic lesions (4.1% [10 of 244]), branching small nodular echogenic lesions (2.1% [5 of 244]), and large irregular heterogeneous lesions with laceration and perihepatic fluid (1.2% [3 of 244]). There was no statistical significance for any type of complication according to the gestational age (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Hepatic complications due to umbilical venous catheters are not uncommon in the neonatal period. Ultrasound is the best imaging modality for confirming the diagnosis and for follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Emine Derinkuyu
- Departments of Pediatric Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oznur Leman Boyunaga
- Departments of Pediatric Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagri Damar
- Departments of Pediatric Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sezin Unal
- Departments of Neonatology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Ergenekon
- Departments of Neonatology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gul Alimli
- Departments of Pediatric Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Oztunali
- Departments of Pediatric Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Turkyilmaz
- Departments of Neonatology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, table saws sold in the United States have 3 safety features (riving knife, blade guard, and antikickback device) designed to prevent personal injury; however, these features can hinder the user's movements and are often disabled or removed. Despite the frequency of table saw injuries, there is relatively limited literature regarding them. METHODS We performed a retrospective, observational study of characteristics associated with injuries incurred while using a table saw. Electronic medical records from Bassett Medical Center were reviewed from 2002 to 2014 to identify patients who sustained table saw injury, and surveys were sent to the patients. Tests of association between survey variables (eg, presence/absence of safety device vs severity of injury) were carried out using chi-square or Fisher exact test. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of those injured had disabled their safety features or had no safety features present; 27% of those injured had one or more safety features enabled when they sustained the injury. Of those injured, 18% sustained a "mild" injury (skin laceration), 39% sustained a "moderate" injury (nerve or tendon injury), and 43% sustained a "severe" injury (partial or complete amputation). There was no statistically significant association between severity of the injury and presence/absence of safety features. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights 2 major problems with the current safety features: People are dissatisfied with current safety features, disabling them and sustaining injuries, and even when they are enabled, people are still getting injured-suggesting inadequacy of the current features.
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Abstract
Recovery from traumatic muscle injuries is typically prolonged and incomplete, leading to impaired muscle and joint function. We sought to determine whether mechanical stimulation via whole-body low-intensity vibration (LIV) could (1) improve muscle regeneration and (2) reduce muscle fibrosis following traumatic injury. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a laceration of the gastrocnemius muscle and were treated with LIV (0.2 g at 90 Hz or 0.4 g at 45 Hz for 30 min/day) or non-LIV sham treatment (controls) for seven or 14 days. Muscle regeneration and fibrosis were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome stained muscle cryosections, respectively. Compared to non-LIV control mice, the myofiber cross-sectional area was larger in mice treated with each LIV protocol after 14 days of treatment. Minimum fiber diameter was also larger in mice treated with LIV of 90 Hz/0.2 g after 14 days of treatment. There was also a trend toward a reduction in collagen deposition after 14 days of treatment with 45 Hz/0.4 g (p = 0.059). These findings suggest that LIV may improve muscle healing by enhancing myofiber growth and reducing fibrosis. The LIV-induced improvements in muscle healing suggest that LIV may represent a novel therapeutic approach for improving the healing of traumatic muscle injuries.
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Bhattacharya AK, Fenerty S, Awan OA, Hershey B, Cohen G, Jonnalagadda P, Ling S, Ali S. Imaging Patterns of Injuries After the 2015 Amtrak Philadelphia Train Derailment. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 210:948-61. [PMID: 29489405 DOI: 10.2214/AJR.17.18832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe the injury patterns observed in the 2015 Philadelphia Amtrak train derailment. CONCLUSION Fractures accounted for most observed injuries, but uncommon and potentially serious injuries included posterior sternoclavicular dislocation and mesenteric contusion. Imaging plays a critical role in the triage of patients during mass-casualty events, and familiarity with the injury patterns associated with high-velocity unrestrained blunt force trauma will aid diagnosis in any future similar occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tuthill
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Spear
- Allergy Specialist Nurse, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of nerve injury, clinical variables associated with nerve palsy, and predictive factors of nerve laceration after gunshot wounds to the upper extremity. METHODS Forty-one patients from a level I trauma center with gunshot wounds to the upper extremity who underwent surgical exploration between 2007 and 2014 were identified retrospectively. Patients with proximal ipsilateral injuries, inadequate documentation, imaging, or with a pre-existing neurologic deficit were excluded. Patient demographics, clinical sensory and motor examination, the presence of retained bullet fragments, fracture, vascular injury, and compartment syndrome were recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of intraoperative nerve laceration. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Fifty-nine nerves were explored in 41 patients. There were higher frequencies of fractures, retained fragments, vascular injury, and compartment syndrome in patients with nerve palsies, although none were associated with nerve laceration. Patients with palsies on presentation were significantly more likely to have a nerve laceration found intraoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Gunshot wounds to the upper extremity with focal nerve deficits remain a difficult problem for orthopedic surgeons. The present study provides evidence that may help guide operative decision making in treatment of these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Pannell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA,William C. Pannell, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine at USC, 1200 N. State Street, GNH 3900, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Nathanael Heckmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ram K. Alluri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Milan Stevanovic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alidad Ghiassi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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