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Amminikutty N, Spalenza V, Jarriyawattanachaikul W, Badino P, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Schiavone A, Greco D, D’Ascanio V, Avantaggiato G, Dabbou S, Nebbia C, Girolami F. Turmeric Powder Counteracts Oxidative Stress and Reduces AFB1 Content in the Liver of Broilers Exposed to the EU Maximum Levels of the Mycotoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:687. [PMID: 38133191 PMCID: PMC10747922 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent adverse effects of AFB1 in chicken are low performance, the depression of the immune system, and a reduced quality of both eggs and meat, leading to economic losses. Since oxidative stress plays a major role in AFB1 toxicity, natural products are increasingly being used as an alternative to mineral binders to tackle AFB1 toxicosis in farm animals. In this study, an in vivo trial was performed by exposing broilers for 10 days to AFB1 at dietary concentrations approaching the maximum limits set by the EU (0.02 mg/kg feed) in the presence or absence of turmeric powder (TP) (included in the feed at 400 mg/kg). The aims were to evaluate (i) the effects of AFB1 on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant parameters, histology, and the expression of drug transporters and biotransformation enzymes in the liver; (ii) the hepatic accumulation of AFB1 and its main metabolites (assessed using an in-house-validated HPLC-FLD method); (iii) the possible modulation of the above parameters elicited by TP. Broilers exposed to AFB1 alone displayed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver, which was completely reverted by the concomitant administration of TP. Although no changes in glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were detected in any treatment group, AFB1 significantly upregulated and downregulated the mRNA expression of CYP2A6 and Nrf2, respectively. TP counteracted such negative effects and increased the hepatic gene expression of selected antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT and SOD2) and drug transporters (i.e., ABCG2), which were further enhanced in combination with AFB1. Moreover, both AFB1 and TP increased the mRNA levels of ABCC2 and ABCG2 in the duodenum. The latter changes might be implicated in the decrease in hepatic AFB1 to undetectable levels (
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Affiliation(s)
- Neenu Amminikutty
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Veronica Spalenza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Watanya Jarriyawattanachaikul
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Donato Greco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Vito D’Ascanio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Avantaggiato
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
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Gariglio M, Dabbou S, Renna M, Biasato I, Bellezza Oddon S, Meneguz M, Miazzo RD, Bergagna S, Colombino E, Macchi E, Schiavone A. Does the provision of live black soldier fly and yellow mealworm larvae improve Muscovy duck welfare? J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:153. [PMID: 38044427 PMCID: PMC10694867 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly (BSF) and yellow mealworm (YM) live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance, excreta corticosterone metabolites (ECM), behavior, and blood parameters. METHODS A total of 126 3-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens (6 replicates/treatment, 7 birds/pen) and assigned to 3 experimental treatments: a control group fed commercial feed, and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5% (based on the expected daily feed intake, as fed basis) of BSF and YM live larvae (BSF and YM groups, respectively). A two-phase feeding program was applied: starter (from 3 to 31 days of age) and grower-finisher (from 32 to 55 days of age). The live weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. Larva consumption times were collected, and video recordings were performed during 3 periods (P) each day: the hour before (P1), during (P2), and after (P3) the larva administration. ECM were evaluated at 3, 31, and 55-day-old. Finally, the total red and white blood cell counts, serum proteins, lipids, and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/treatment. RESULTS The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds (P > 0.05). Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species, except at 14-18 days of age, were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae (P < 0.001). The birds showed less walking activity during P2, and preening behavior increased in YM birds during P3. The C birds increased the attack behavior over the weeks (P < 0.05). During weeks 1-3 the YM group reduced the attack frequency (P1 > P3; P < 0.05). Finally, the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Live BSF and YM larva supplementation in Muscovy duck improves duck welfare, without impairing birds' growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele All'Adige, Trento (TN), 38098, Italy
| | - Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Marco Meneguz
- BEF Biosystems s.r.l, Via Tancredi Canonico 18/C, Torino (TO), 10156, Italy
| | - Raul Daniel Miazzo
- Unidad de Investigación Aviar, Producción Avícola, Fac. Agr. y Vet., Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino (TO), 10154, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
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Rubiola S, Pasquariello L, Panebianco F, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Bordese F, Giobbio E, Fioriello L, Braghin S, Korpysa-Dzirba W, Różycki M, Chiesa F. Macroscopic sarcocystosis in a pig carcass from an Italian abattoir. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2271-2277. [PMID: 37166530 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Different food-safety institutions, including the European Food Safety Authority, encourage monitoring and characterising Sarcocystis spp. in animals and foodstuffs; among meat-producing animals, domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) can host two different Sarcocystis spp., that is Sarcocystis miescheriana and the zoonotic Sarcocystis suihominis. Herein, we report for the first time the presence of macrocysts of Sarcocystis miescheriana in a domestic pig resulting in carcass condemnation. In North-West Italy, in June 2022 the carcass of a clinically healthy sow was condemned due to the detection of multifocal macroscopic whitish fusiform lesions. Affected muscle samples were submitted to histological and molecular analyses targeting the mtDNA cox1 and 18S rRNA genes. At gross examination and histology, well demarcated, oval or elongated macrocysts up to 8 mm in length characterized by a calcified central core surrounded by fibrosis were detected. The molecular amplification and sequencing of the cox1 mtDNA and 18S rRNA genes revealed the presence of Sarcocystis miescheriana DNA in all sampled macrocysts. Our study provides the first molecularly confirmed case of Sarcocystis miescheriana infection in a domestic pig in Italy. The present report highlights the need to increase data related to the occurrence and the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in meat-producing animals, and in wild and domestic pigs in particular, taking into account the zoonotic potential of Sarcocystis suihominis and the possible financial losses related to carcass discard due to macroscopic Sarcocystis spp. cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Rubiola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, 10095, Italy.
| | - Linda Pasquariello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, 10095, Italy
| | - Felice Panebianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, 10095, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, 10095, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, 10095, Italy
| | - Federica Bordese
- ASL Cuneo 1, Dipartimento di Prevenzione, S.C. Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Pulawy, 24-100, Poland
| | - Mirosław Różycki
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznań University of Life Science, Poznan, 60-637, Poland
| | - Francesco Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, 10095, Italy
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Colombino E, Lelli D, Canziani S, Quaranta G, Guidetti C, Leopardi S, Robetto S, De Benedictis P, Orusa R, Mauthe von Degerfeld M, Capucchio MT. Main causes of death of free-ranging bats in Turin province (North-Western Italy): gross and histological findings and emergent virus surveillance. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:200. [PMID: 37821925 PMCID: PMC10566203 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bats are recognized as reservoir species for multiple viruses. However, little is known on bats' health and mortality. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the main causes of death of bats from Turin province (North-western Italy) and to describe gross and histopathological lesions potentially associated with the presence of selected bat viruses. RESULTS A total of 71 bats belonging to 9 different species of the families Vespertilionidae and Molossidae were necropsied and samples of the main organs were submitted to histopathological examination. Also, aliquots of the small intestine, liver, spleen, lung, and brain were collected and submitted to biomolecular investigation for the identification of Coronaviridae, Poxviridae, Reoviridae (Mammalian orthoreovirus species), Rhabdoviridae (Vaprio ledantevirus and Lyssavirus species) and Kobuvirus. The majority of bats died from traumatic lesions due to unknown trauma or predation (n = 40/71, 56.3%), followed by emaciation (n = 13/71,18.3%). The main observed gross lesions were patagium and skin lesions (n = 23/71, 32.4%), forelimbs fractures (n = 15/71, 21.1%) and gastric distension (n = 10/71,14.1%). Histologically, the main lesions consisted of lymphoplasmacytic pneumonia (n = 24/71, 33.8%), skin/patagium dermatitis (n = 23/71, 32.4%), liver steatosis and hepatitis (n = 12, 16.9%), and white pulp depletion in the spleen (n = 7/71, 9.8%). Regarding emergent bat viruses, only poxvirus (n = 2, 2.8%) and orthoreovirus (n = 12/71, 16.9%) were detected in a low percentage of bats. CONCLUSIONS Trauma is the main lesion observed in bats collected in Turin province (North-western Italy) associated with forelimb fractures and the detected viral positivity rate seems to suggest that they did not represent a threat for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
- Molecular Medicine PhD Program, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Canziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quaranta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Guidetti
- Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, National Reference Centre for Wild Animal Diseases (CeRMAS), Aosta, Italy
| | - Stefania Leopardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Serena Robetto
- Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, National Reference Centre for Wild Animal Diseases (CeRMAS), Aosta, Italy
| | - Paola De Benedictis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, National Reference Centre for Wild Animal Diseases (CeRMAS), Aosta, Italy
| | - Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Ferrocino I, Biasato I, Dabbou S, Colombino E, Rantsiou K, Squara S, Gariglio M, Capucchio MT, Gasco L, Cordero CE, Liberto E, Schiavone A, Cocolin L. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, lactiplantibacillus pentosus and inulin meal inclusion boost the metagenomic function of broiler chickens. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:36. [PMID: 37537673 PMCID: PMC10399007 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inclusion of alternative ingredients in poultry feed is foreseen to impact poultry gut microbiota. New feeding strategies (probiotics/prebiotics) must be adopted to allow sustainable productions. Therefore, the current study aimed to use metagenomics approaches to determine how dietary inclusion of prebiotic (inulin) plus a multi-strain probiotic mixture of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus affected microbiota composition and functions of the gastro-intestinal tract of the broilers during production. Fecal samples were collected at the beginning of the trial and after 5, 11 and 32 days for metataxonomic analysis. At the end of the trial, broilers were submitted to anatomo-pathological investigations and caecal content was subjected to volatilome analysis and DNAseq. RESULTS Probiotic plus prebiotic inclusion did not significantly influence bird performance and did not produce histopathological alterations or changes in blood measurements, which indicates that the probiotic did not impair the overall health status of the birds. The multi-strain probiotic plus inulin inclusion in broilers increased the abundance of Blautia, Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae and as a consequence an increased level of butyric acid was observed. In addition, the administration of probiotics plus inulin modified the gut microbiota composition also at strain level since probiotics alone or in combination with inulin select specific Faecalibacterium prausnitzi strain populations. The metagenomic analysis showed in probiotic plus prebiotic fed broilers a higher number of genes required for branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis belonging to selected F. prausnitzi strains, which are crucial in increasing immune function resistance to pathogens. In the presence of the probiotic/prebiotic a reduction in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes belonging to aminoglycoside, beta-lactamase and lincosamide family was observed. CONCLUSIONS The positive microbiome modulation observed is particularly relevant, since the use of these alternative ingredients could promote a healthier status of the broiler's gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Squara
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Erica Liberto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Colombino E, Karimi M, Ton Nu MA, Tilatti AA, Bellezza Oddon S, Calini F, Bergamino C, Fiorilla E, Gariglio M, Gai F, Capucchio MT, Schiavone A, Gasco L, Biasato I. Effects of feeding a thermomechanical, enzyme-facilitated, coprocessed yeast and soybean meal on growth performance, organ weights, leg health, and gut development of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102578. [PMID: 36933528 PMCID: PMC10031541 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a healthy gut during prestarter and starter phases is crucial to drive chicken's productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a thermomechanical, enzyme-facilitated, coprocessed yeast and soybean meal (pYSM) on growth performance, organ weights, leg health, and gut development in broiler chickens. A total of 576 as-hatched broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (8 replicates/treatment, 24 chickens/replicate): a control group (C) without the pYSM, a treatment group 1 (T1), in which the pSYM was included at 20, 10, 5, 0, and 0% levels in the prestarter, starter, grower, finisher I, and finisher II feeding phases, respectively, and a treatment group 2 (T2), in which the pSYM was included at 5, 5, 5, 0, and 0% levels in each feeding phase. On d 3 and 10, 16 broilers/treatment were euthanized. The T1 broilers tended to show higher live weight (d 3 and 7) and average daily gain (prestarter and starter phases) than the other groups (P ≤ 0.10). Differently, pYSM-based diets did not influence the growth performance of the other feeding phases and the whole experimental period (P > 0.05). Relative weights of pancreas and liver were also unaffected by pYSM utilization (P > 0.05). Litter quality tended to have higher average scores in C group (P = 0.079), but no differences were observed for leg health (P > 0.05). Histomorphometry of gut, liver, and bursa of Fabricius was not affected by diet (P > 0.05). Gut immunity was driven to an anti-inflammatory pattern, with the reduction of IL-2, INF-γ, and TNF-α in the duodenum of treated birds (d 3, P < 0.05). Also, MUC-2 was greater in the duodenum of C and T2 group when compared to T1 (d 3, P = 0.016). Finally, T1-fed chickens displayed greater aminopeptidase activity in the duodenum (d 3 and 10, P < 0.05) and jejunum (d 3, P < 0.05). Feeding high levels of pYSM (10-20%) to broilers in the first 10 d tended to improve growth performance in the prestarter and starter phases. It also positively downregulated proinflammatory cytokines during the first 3 d, as well as stimulated the aminopeptidase activity in the prestarter and starter periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Bergamino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorilla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy; Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Turin, Italy.
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Colombino E, Biasato I, Michetti A, Rubino MG, Franciosa I, Giribaldi M, Antoniazzi S, Bergagna S, Paliasso G, Ferrocino I, Cavallarin L, Gasco L, Capucchio MT. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Blood Parameters and Gut Health of Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243543. [PMID: 36552463 PMCID: PMC9774759 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL (L-1 × 109 cfu/kg feed/day) on biochemical parameters, faecal score (FS), cecal pH, gut morphometry, microbiota and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) in rabbits. Three zootechnical trials were performed and in each trial 30 rabbits were allotted to two groups; a probiotic group (L) and a control group (C). At slaughter (day 45), samples of blood, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver and spleen were collected and submitted to histomorphometric analyses. Blood biochemical analyses, cecal microbiota and SCFAs determination were also performed. In trial 1 and 3, L. acidophilus D2/CSL did not affect productive parameters (p > 0.05). However, L group of trial 1 showed a lower morbidity and mortality compared to the control. In trial 2, C group showed a higher daily feed intake (p = 0.018) and a positive statistical tendency for live weight and average daily gain (p = 0.068). On the contrary, albumin was higher and ALFA-1 globulin was lower in the C group compared to L (p < 0.05). In all the trials, FS, cecal pH, histomorphometry, microbiota and SCFAs were unaffected. In conclusion, L. acidophilus D2/CSL did not impair growth performances, gut and rabbit’s health, reducing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116708570
| | - Alberta Michetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | | | - Irene Franciosa
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Marzia Giribaldi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Sara Antoniazzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, 10154 Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, TO, Italy
| | - Giulia Paliasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, 10154 Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, TO, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Colombino E, Raspa F, Perotti M, Bergero D, Vervuert I, Valle E, Capucchio MT. Gut health of horses: effects of high fibre vs high starch diet on histological and morphometrical parameters. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:338. [PMID: 36076239 PMCID: PMC9454146 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conventional feeding management of horses is still characterized by high starch and low fibre diets, which can negatively affect horse’s gastrointestinal health. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of a high-starch (HS) vs. a high-fibre (HF) diet on gut health in horses. A total of 19 Bardigiano horses destined for slaughter and aged 14.3 ± 0.7 months were randomly allotted to two dietary groups: HS (5 fillies and 4 colts,) and HF group (7 fillies and 3 colts). They received the same first-cut meadow hay but different complementary feeds for 72 days: HS group was fed 8 kg/animal/day of a starch-rich complementary feed while HF group was fed 3.5 kg/animal/day of a fibre‐rich complementary feed. At slaughter, stomachs were separated and washed for the evaluation of the glandular and squamous regions. Also, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, apex of the caecum, sternal flexure, pelvic flexure, right dorsal colon, rectum and liver were excised and submitted to histomorphometrical evaluation. Results The glandular region of HS group presented more severe gastric mucosa lesions compared to the HF group (P = 0.006). Moreover, a statistical tendency (P = 0.060) was found for the squamous region, presenting a higher score in HS than HF diet. Regarding morphometry, in jejunum villus height to crypt depth (Cd) ratio was influenced by sex, being greater in males than in females (P = 0.037) while in ileum Cd depended on interaction between sex and diet, being greater in males of HS group (P = 0.029). Moreover, in the duodenum and right dorsal colon the severity of the inflammation depended on sex (P = 0.024 and 0.050), being greater in females than in males. On the contrary, in the jejunum and in the pelvic flexure, inflammation was influenced by diet, being more severe in HS than in HF group (P = 0.024 and 0.052). Conclusions These results suggested that HS diet provoked more severe mucosa lesions in the glandular region of the stomach and a higher inflammation both in the jejunum and pelvic flexure. The present study can represent a starting point for further investigations on gut health in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Raspa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Perotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Turin, Italy
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Turin, Italy
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Emanuela Valle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Turin, Italy
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9
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Biasato I, Chemello G, Oddon SB, Ferrocino I, Corvaglia M, Caimi C, Resconi A, Paul A, van Spankeren M, Capucchio M, Colombino E, Cocolin L, Gai F, Schiavone A, Gasco L. Hermetia illucens meal inclusion in low-fishmeal diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility coefficients, selected gut health traits, and health status indices. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Salogni C, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Pozzi P, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Bacterial polyarthritis in post-weaning pigs in a high-density swine breeding area in Italy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:709-711. [PMID: 35593676 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221090903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the bacterial agents found in 8-12-wk-old post-weaning pigs with arthritis. The bodies of 178 post-weaning pigs from 90 farms (average of 2 pigs/farm) with recurrent problems of lameness and swollen joints in a high-density breeding area were submitted for autopsy and sampled for further bacterial investigation. The most common articular gross lesions and histopathologic findings were serofibrinous (95 of 178; 53%) or serous (65 of 178; 37%) arthritis; suppurative lesions were less frequent (18 of 178; 10%). In 133 of 178 (74.7%) cases, a bacterial agent was detected in joints. Mycoplasma hyorhinis was the most common bacterium detected (82 of 133; 61.6%). Haemophilus parasuis and Streptococcus spp. were observed in 27 of 133 (20.3%) and 24 of 133 (18.0%) cases, respectively. Other bacteria in the 113 cases, considered less important, in order of their low frequency, were Mycoplasma spp. (13; 9.8%), Trueperella pyogenes (11; 8.2%), Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (4; 3.0%), Staphylococcus spp. (3; 2.2%), Escherichia coli (2; 1.5%), and Actinobacillus spp. (2; 1.5%). Our results highlight the primary role of M. hyorhinis compared to other microorganisms involved in young pigs with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Salogni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Colombino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
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Raspa F, Vervuert I, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Bergero D, Forte C, Greppi M, Cavallarin L, Giribaldi M, Antoniazzi S, Cavallini D, Valvassori E, Valle E. A high-starch vs. high-fibre diet: effects on the gut environment of the different intestinal compartments of the horse digestive tract. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:187. [PMID: 35590319 PMCID: PMC9118577 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Horses are often fed high amounts of starch in their diets despite the well-established benefits of a fibre-based diet to promote gut health and animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two different diets – one based on high amounts of starch (HS) vs. one base on high amounts of fibre (HF) – on specific parameters of the gut environment across different intestinal compartments of the horse digestive tract. To this end differences in the gastrointestinal environment between HS vs. HF fed horses were assessed in terms of dry matter, organic matter and ash content; the particle size distribution and volatile fatty acid composition were also investigated. Results Nineteen Bardigiano horses of 14.3 ± 0.7 months of age and destined to slaughter were divided into two group pens – one fed with high amounts of starch (HS; n = 9; 43% hay plus 57% starch-rich pelleted feed); vs. fed with high amounts of fibre (HF; n = 10; 70% hay plus 30% fibre-rich pelleted feed). Horses fed HS diet presented a higher dry matter content in the right dorsal colon. Moreover, they showed a higher organic matter and ash content in the sternal flexure, pelvic flexure, right dorsal colon and rectum. In these latter intestinal compartments, horses fed a HS diet also showed a higher proportion of particles retained on an 8 mm sieve and a higher proportion of particles that washed through the finest sieve (< 1 mm). Moreover, the total amounts of volatile fatty acids as well as valeric acid were found to be significantly higher in horses fed the HS vs. HF diet. Conclusions A high-starch diet causes significant changes in the horse gut environment. We observed an increase in the dry matter content in the right dorsal colon, as well as reduced particle sizes and an increase in the production of valeric acid in all the gut compartments studied. High-starch diets should be avoided in favour of fibre-based diets with the goal of safeguarding gut health in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raspa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Martina Greppi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- ISPA-CNR, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marzia Giribaldi
- ISPA-CNR, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sara Antoniazzi
- ISPA-CNR, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Valle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
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12
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Biasato I, Chemello G, Caimi C, Oddon SB, Capucchio M, Colombino E, Schiavone A, Ceccotti C, Terova G, Gasco L. Taurine supplementation in plant-based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth performance, whole body composition, and histomorphological features. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Muntoni E, Marini E, Ferraris C, Garelli S, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Panciani PP, Battaglia L. Intranasal lipid nanocarriers: Uptake studies with fluorescently labeled formulations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112470. [PMID: 35338962 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery by the intranasal route allows both systemic absorption and non-invasive brain targeting, due to the unique connection provided by the olfactory and trigeminal nerves between the brain and the external environment. Lipid nanocarriers can improve intranasal drug delivery by enhancing bioadhesion to nasal mucosa, and by protecting the encapsulated drug from biological degradation and transport efflux proteins. In this study two different biocompatible lipid nanocarriers were compared: nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles. The nasal uptake was investigated by labeling the nanocarriers lipid matrix with two fluorescent probes, 6-coumarin and rhodamine B, both lipophilic, yet characterized by different water solubility, in order to mimic the behavior of hypothetic drug compounds. Ex vivo permeation, in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were performed. 6-coumarin, water insoluble and therefore integral with the lipid matrix, was taken up to a limited extent, within a long timeframe, but with a proportionally more pronounced brain accumulation. In nanoemulsions soluble rhodamine B showed a relevant systemic uptake, with good bioavailability, likely due to the prompt release of the probe at the nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Muntoni
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Sara Garelli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, 10195 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, 10195 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Panciani
- Spedali Civili, Section of Neurosurgery, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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14
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Colitti B, Manassero L, Colombino E, Ferraris EI, Caccamo R, Bertolotti L, Bortolami A, Bonfante F, Papa V, Cenacchi G, Calabrese F, Bozzetta E, Varello K, Capucchio MT, Rosati S. Pulmonary fibrosis in a dog as a sequela of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2? A case report. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:111. [PMID: 35317791 PMCID: PMC8938595 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by severe radiographic changes and clinicopathological findings. However, in the vast majority of cases, the cause remains unknown. Case description In the present study, we reported the clinical case of a 3 years old female Bull Terrier presented in October 2020 to the Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Department of the Turin Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a progressive pulmonary illness characterized by dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and a diffuse and severe pulmonary interstitial pattern at imaging investigations. Considering the clinical findings, the dog was included in a serological survey for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in companion animals, showing positive results. Due to the further clinical worsening, the owners opted for euthanasia. At necroscopy, dog showed severe and chronic bronchopneumonia compatible with a Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and with serological features linked to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions The comparison of these lesions with those reported in humans affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) supports the hypothesis that these findings may be attributable to the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a dog with breed predisposition to Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (CIPF), although direct evidence of SARS-CoV-2 by molecular or antigenic approaches remained unsolved. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03191-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Luca Manassero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Caccamo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Alma Mater" University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Alma Mater" University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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15
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Colombino E, Zoppi S, Alborali G, Bonvegna M, Caruso C, Cucco I, Mioletti S, Sona B, Tarantola M, Tomassone L, Tursi M, Vercelli C, Dondo A, Capucchio M. Bacterial and Viral Pathogens in Swine of North-West Italy. J Comp Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Mugetti D, Colombino E, Capucchio MT, Salogni C, Pastorino P, Chiappino L, Sereno A, Prearo M, Guarda F. Teleost fish: a new spontaneous model for the study of Lambl's excrescences. Dis Aquat Organ 2021; 146:75-79. [PMID: 34617513 DOI: 10.3354/dao03620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lambl's excrescences (LE) are fibrous strands typically occurring at coaptation lines of cardiac valves. Although they have been widely reported in human medicine, information on LE occurrence in veterinary medicine is still scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of LE in different freshwater fish and in swordfish. A total of 185 hearts were collected from different fish species, and samples of different cardiac areas (sinus venosus, atrial wall with sinoatrial valves, ventricular wall with atrioventricular valves and bulb with bulboventricular valves) were submitted to histopathological evaluation. LE were detected in 6 of 103 freshwater fish (5.8%) and 19 of 82 swordfish (23.2%). LE developed in atrioventricular, sinoatrial and bulboventricular valves. All affected valves also showed endocardiosis. Based on the results of the present work, teleost fish, specifically swordfish, could be proposed as a novel spontaneous model for the study of LE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
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17
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Colombino E, Biasato I, Ferrocino I, Bellezza Oddon S, Caimi C, Gariglio M, Dabbou S, Caramori M, Battisti E, Zanet S, Ferroglio E, Cocolin L, Gasco L, Schiavone A, Capucchio MT. Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2819. [PMID: 34679839 PMCID: PMC8532707 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae as environmental enrichment on the mucin composition, local immune response and microbiota of broilers. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (six replicates/treatment; ten animals/replicate): (i) control (C); (ii) C+HI; (iii) C+TM. Live larvae were distributed based on 5% of the expected daily feed intake. At slaughter (39 days of age), samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (twelve animals/diet) were submitted to mucin histochemical evaluation. Expression of MUC-2 and cytokines was evaluated by rt-qPCR in jejunum. Mucin staining intensity was not influenced by diet (p > 0.05); however, this varied depending on the intestinal segment (p < 0.001). No significant differences were recorded for IL-4, IL-6 TNF-α, MUC-2 and INF-γ gene expression in jejunum, while IL-2 was lower in the TM group compared to HI and C (p = 0.044). Caecal microbiota showed higher abundance of Clostridium, Saccharibacteria and Victivallaceae in the HI group, while Collinsella was higher in the TM group. The results suggested that live insect larvae did not impair mucin composition or local immune response, and can slightly improve caecal microbiota by enhancing a minor fraction of short chain fatty acid-producing taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Christian Caimi
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;
| | - Marta Caramori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Elena Battisti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Stefania Zanet
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Ezio Ferroglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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18
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Bellezza Oddon S, Biasato I, Imarisio A, Pipan M, Dekleva D, Colombino E, Capucchio MT, Meneguz M, Stefania B, Barbero R, Gariglio M, Dabbou S, Fiorilla E, Gasco L, Schiavone A. Black soldier fly and yellow mealworm live larvae for broiler chickens: Effects on bird performance and health status. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105 Suppl 1:10-18. [PMID: 34402110 PMCID: PMC8519120 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4-11 days] and grower [12-38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Arianna Imarisio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Marco Meneguz
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Bergagna Stefania
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Barbero
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorilla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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19
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Colombino E, Prieto-Botella D, Capucchio MT. Gut Health in Veterinary Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071997. [PMID: 34359125 PMCID: PMC8300269 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut health is a recent relevant research topic in veterinary medicine and it has been shown to be associated with better zootechnical performances and animal welfare. A bibliometric analysis was performed to explore publication trends, dynamics and possible knowledge gaps in this field in the last twenty years (2000-2020). The database Web of Science was searched and the results were analyzed by the R package Bibliometrix. A total of 1696 documents were retrieved in the evaluated period, showing a constant annual growth in the number of publications of 22.4%. These articles focused mainly on pigs (34.8%), poultry (chicken, duck, turkey and quail-33.9%) and aquaculture (fishes, crustaceans and frog-15.0%) while a scarce number was found on felines, cows, horses, rodents, goats and sheep. China was the most productive country (24.7%) followed by the USA (17.2%) and Canada (5.7%). Keyword's analysis showed that the main research lines aimed to explore animal nutrition, prevention of inflammatory diseases and microbiota composition. This study shows a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the evolution of veterinary gut health research that will help to drive future investigations on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Prieto-Botella
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
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20
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Dabbou S, Lauwaerts A, Ferrocino I, Biasato I, Sirri F, Zampiga M, Bergagna S, Pagliasso G, Gariglio M, Colombino E, Narro CG, Gai F, Capucchio MT, Gasco L, Cocolin L, Schiavone A. Modified Black Soldier Fly Larva Fat in Broiler Diet: Effects on Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Parameters, Histomorphological Features and Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061837. [PMID: 34205603 PMCID: PMC8233813 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.; BSF) is gaining interest as a functional feed additive, due to the high amount of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and monoglycerides, which provide antimicrobial activities and stimulate gastrointestinal health through inhibition of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The present study evaluated the effect of BSF and modified BSF larvae fat in broiler chicken’s diet. Overall results were comparable among the studied diets, suggesting that modified BSF larvae fat showed a positive modulation of fecal microbiota by a positive reduction in potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium and Corynebacterium, without affecting intestinal morphology or showing any adverse histopathological alternations. Abstract In this study, a total of 200 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned to four dietary treatments (5 pens/treatment and 10 birds/pen) for two feeding phases: starter (0–11 days of age) and grower-finisher (11–33 days of age). A basal diet containing soy oil (SO) as added fat was used as control group (C), tested against three experimental diets where the SO was partially substituted by BSF larvae fat (BSF) or one of two types of modified BSF larvae fat (MBSF1 and MBSF2, respectively). The two modified BSF larvae fats had a high and low ratio of monobutyrin to monoglycerides of medium chain fatty acid, respectively. Diet did not influence the growth or slaughter performance, pH, color, or the chemical composition of breast and thigh muscles, gut morphometric indices, or histopathological alterations in all the organs. As far as fecal microbiota are concerned, MBSF1 and MBSF2 diets reduced the presence of Clostridium and Corynebacterium, which can frequently cause infection in poultry. In conclusion, modified BSF larva fat may positively modulate the fecal microbiota of broiler chickens without influencing the growth performance and intestinal morphology or showing any adverse histopathological alternations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | | | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (I.B.); (L.G.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (I.B.); (L.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Pagliasso
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (M.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (M.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Carlos Garcés Narro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara de Patriarca, E-46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (M.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (I.B.); (L.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (I.B.); (L.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy; (M.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.C.); (A.S.)
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Mugetti D, Colombino E, Menconi V, Garibaldi F, Mignone W, Gustinelli A, Prearo M, Guarda F, Capucchio MT. Unusual Localization of Pennella Sp. in Swordfish ( Xiphias gladius) Hearts. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061757. [PMID: 34208384 PMCID: PMC8231167 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pennella comprises hematophagous parasites of marine aquatic species, including cephalopods, marine mammals, and pelagic fish. Nine species have been officially included in the genus Pennella plus another six species inquirendae. They are most often found in the host's musculature, without penetrating internal organs. For the present study, 83 hearts from swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught in the Mediterranean Sea were sampled and immediately fixed in formalin for histopathological analysis. In total, 10 (12.05%) hearts were found to be parasitized by copepods of the genus Pennella. Macroscopically, there was mild-to-severe fibrinous pericarditis with atrial wall thickening and multiple parasitic nodules. Histologically, the parasitic nodules were surrounded by an inflammatory-necrotizing reaction. Parasitic infestation by Pennella spp. is common in pelagic fish and in swordfish, in particular. Here, however, we report atypical cardiac localization. A future area of focus is the evaluation of cardiac Pennella spp. infestation by histopathology and genetic identification of the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (W.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (F.G.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Vasco Menconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (W.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01-1268-6251
| | - Fulvio Garibaldi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environmental and Life, University of Genova, c.so Europa 26, 16100 Genova, Italy;
| | - Walter Mignone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (W.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy;
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (W.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Franco Guarda
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (F.G.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (F.G.); (M.T.C.)
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22
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Colombino E, Cavana P, Martello E, Devalle V, Miniscalco B, Ravera N, Zanatta R, Capucchio MT, Biasibetti E. A new diet supplement formulation containing cranberry extract for the treatment of feline idiopathic cystitis. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2884-2887. [PMID: 34039227 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1925273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether cranberry extract could reduce lower urinary tract (LUT) and gastro-intestinal (GI) signs in feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). Twenty-one client-owned cats were randomly allocated to two groups: a treated group (T, n = 10) receiving daily an oral nutritional supplement containing cranberry extract and a control group (C, n = 11). Owners were trained to recognise daily LUT and GI signs. Physical examination, urinalysis and bladder ultrasonography were performed at day 0 (T0), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 60 (T60). Both groups showed an improvement for dysuria and periuria from T0 to T30 (p < 0.05), but only in cats of the T group, LUT signs disappeared at T60. A significant improvement in the T group was also observed for GI signs and bladder ultrasonography at T60 (p = 0.03). Urinalysis did not show any significant differences. This preliminary study suggests that cranberry could be effective in reducing LUT and GI signs in FIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paola Cavana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elisa Martello
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Barbara Miniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Renato Zanatta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.,Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Clinica Veterinaria Borgo Po, Torino, Italy.,Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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23
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Caimi C, Biasato I, Chemello G, Oddon SB, Lussiana C, Malfatto VM, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Schiavone A, Gai F, Trocino A, Brugiapaglia A, Renna M, Gasco L. Dietary inclusion of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larva meal in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:50. [PMID: 33858519 PMCID: PMC8050899 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent investigations highlighted that Hermetia illucens (BSF) larva meal can be a valuable alternative protein source for aquafeed production. In this study, in substitution of fishmeal, we used increasing inclusion levels of a partially defatted BSF larva meal in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and we evaluated the related implications in terms of growth performance, physical characteristics, proximate and fatty acid (FA) compositions of the fillets, gut and liver histology, and diet digestibility. In a 131-day trial, 576 fish (100.1 ± 9.29 g) were randomly allotted to 24 tanks (24 fish/tank, 4 replicates/treatment). Six experimental diets were produced to have partial replacement of fishmeal (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) by increasing levels of BSF meal (0% [BSF0], 3% [BSF3], 6% [BSF6], 9% [BSF9], 12% [BSF12] and 15% [BSF15] on as fed basis, respectively). Results No differences were observed among the treatments for all the considered growth performance parameters. The viscero and hepato-somatic indexes showed significant differences among the treatments, with the highest values observed in the BSF15 group. No differences were recorded in terms of fillet’s physical characteristics, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents. Total saturated and monounsaturated FA increased, while polyunsaturated FA (particularly n-3 FA) decreased while increasing the HI meal inclusion in the diet. Histopathology of liver and gut was not affected, whereas, in posterior gut, villi were higher in BSF6 and BSF9 compared to BSF3 fish. The apparent digestibility of DM, CP, EE and gross energy did not vary among the treatments. Conclusions These results suggest that a partially defatted BSF meal could be included up to 15% in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout with no adverse effects on growth performance, fillet’s physical characteristics, gut and liver health, and diet digestibility. On the contrary, the fillet FA composition worsened while increasing the level of BSF meal in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Caimi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Vanda Maria Malfatto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Angela Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alberto Brugiapaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Muntoni E, Anfossi L, Milla P, Marini E, Ferraris C, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Segale L, Porta M, Battaglia L. Glargine insulin loaded lipid nanoparticles: Oral delivery of liquid and solid oral dosage forms. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:691-698. [PMID: 33131992 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The oral administration of insulin has so far been precluded by gastro-intestinal enzyme degradation and poor intestinal absorption. Preliminary evidence for peptide uptake by the gut has recently been obtained, by our research group, following the administration of nanostructured lipid-carrier suspensions loaded with glargine insulin in healthy animal models. METHODS AND RESULTS In this experimental study, glargine insulin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers have been converted into solid oral dosage forms (tablets, capsules), that are more suitable for administration in humans and have prolonged shelf-life. The liquid and solid oral dosage forms were tested for glargine insulin uptake and glucose responsivity in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (6 animals in each group). A suitable composition gave redispersible solid oral dosage forms from glargine insulin-loaded carriers, using both spray-drying and freeze-drying. It was observed that the liquid and solid formulations had relevant hypoglycaemic effects in healthy rats, while only capsules were efficacious in diabetic rats; probably because of gut alterations in these animal models. Detected glargine insulinaemia was consistent with a glycaemic profile. CONCLUSION The formulations under study showed their potential as oral glucose-lowering agents, particularly when used as capsules. However, further study is needed to produce a useful orally-active insulin preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Muntoni
- University of Turin, Department of Drug Science and Technology, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Milla
- University of Turin, Department of Drug Science and Technology, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- University of Turin, Department of Drug Science and Technology, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- University of Turin, Department of Drug Science and Technology, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria T Capucchio
- University of Turin, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- University of Turin, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Lorena Segale
- University of Eastern Piedmont, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani 2/3, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimo Porta
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Corso Dogliotti 14, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- University of Turin, Department of Drug Science and Technology, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy.
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Chemello G, Biasato I, Gai F, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Schiavone A, Gasco L, Pauciullo A. Effects of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal inclusion in rainbow trout feed: myogenesis-related gene expression and histomorphological features. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1945959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chemello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Istituto di scienze delle produzioni alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Istituto di scienze delle produzioni alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pauciullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Colombino E, Biasato I, Vezzaro G, Amante E, Biagini D, Cavallarin L, Guerra N, Guil-Alcalà P, Mioletti S, Perona G, Tarantola M, Vincenti M, Guarda F, Mendéz-Sanchez A, Capucchio MT. Evaluation of stress-related parameters and intramural coronary arteriosclerosis in Lidia bulls and Piemontese oxen. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1993756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italia
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italy
| | - Giorgia Vezzaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italia
| | - Eleonora Amante
- Centro Regionale antidoping e di Tossicologia "A. Bertinaria", Orbassano (To), Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Biagini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (CNR), Grugliasco (To), Italy
| | | | - Pilar Guil-Alcalà
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italia
| | - Giovanni Perona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italia
| | - Martina Tarantola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italia
| | - Marco Vincenti
- Centro Regionale antidoping e di Tossicologia "A. Bertinaria", Orbassano (To), Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Guarda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italia
| | - Aniceto Mendéz-Sanchez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italia
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (CNR), Grugliasco (To), Italy
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Muratore E, Cerutti F, Colombino E, Biasibetti E, Caruso C, Brovida C, Cavana P, Poncino L, Caputo MP, Peletto S, Masoero L, Capucchio MT. Feline morbillivirus in northwestern Italy: first detection of genotype 1-B. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 23:584-591. [PMID: 33140998 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20969360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel morbillivirus was recently described in stray and domestic cats in Asia, the USA and Europe. Most cats infected with feline morbillivirus (FeMV) showed lower urinary tract or kidney disease. Although the association of FeMV infection and kidney diseases has been suggested, the virus pathogenicity remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of FeMV infection, as well as the relationship between FeMV infection and kidney diseases in cats from northwestern Italy. METHODS A total of 153 urine samples (150 individuals and three pools) and 50 kidney samples were collected and included in the study; total RNA was extracted and a reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed in order to identify FeMV. Kidneys were also submitted to anatomopathological examination. Phylogenetic analysis and isolation attempts were carried out on positive samples. In FeMV-positive cats, urinalysis and blood analysis were performed. RESULTS FeMV RNA was detected in 7.3% of urine samples and in 8% of kidney samples, both in healthy cats and in cats with clinical signs/post-mortem lesions compatible with kidney disease. At histopathological examination, tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was shown in 3/4 positive kidney samples, but a clear relationship between FeMV and TIN was not observed. Isolation attempts were unsuccessful, although the urine sample of one castrated male cat hosted in a cattery showed a positive signal in RT-qPCR until the fourth cell passage. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this FeMV strain belonged to genotype 1-B. In the same cattery, a second genotype 1-B variant was detected from a urine pool. Urinalysis showed proteinuria in three cats, while at blood analysis three cats presented altered creatinine levels. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Data reported suggest the presence of a FeMV sub-cluster distinct from the strain previously isolated in Italy, whose role in renal disorders remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Muratore
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerutti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Caruso
- ASL CN1 - Animal Health, Racconigi District, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Cavana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Poncino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Simone Peletto
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
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Ceci L, Girolami F, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Nebbia C, Gosetti F, Marengo E, Iarussi F, Carelli G. Outbreak of Oleander ( Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080471. [PMID: 32722138 PMCID: PMC7472096 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleander is a spontaneous shrub widely occurring in Mediterranean regions. Poisoning is sporadically reported in livestock, mainly due to the ingestion of leaves containing toxic cardiac glycosides (primarily oleandrin). In this study, 50 lactating Fleckvieh cows were affected after being offered a diet containing dry oleander pruning wastes accidentally mixed with fodder. Clinical examination, electrocardiogram, and blood sampling were conducted. Dead animals were necropsied, and heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were submitted to histological investigation. Oleandrin detection was performed through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in blood, serum, liver, heart, milk, and cheese samples. Severe depression, anorexia, ruminal atony, diarrhea, serous nasal discharge, tachycardia, and irregular heartbeat were the most common clinical signs. The first animal died within 48 h, and a total of 13 cows died in 4 days. Disseminated hyperemia and hemorrhages, multifocal coagulative necrosis of the cardiac muscle fibers, and severe and diffuse enteritis were suggestive of oleander poisoning. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of oleandrin in serum, liver, heart, milk, and cheese. Our results confirm the high toxicity of oleander in cattle and report for the first time the transfer into milk and dairy products, suggesting a potential risk for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Iarussi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grazia Carelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (G.C.)
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Biasato I, Ferrocino I, Colombino E, Gai F, Schiavone A, Cocolin L, Vincenti V, Capucchio MT, Gasco L. Effects of dietary Hermetia illucens meal inclusion on cecal microbiota and small intestinal mucin dynamics and infiltration with immune cells of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:64. [PMID: 32587688 PMCID: PMC7313100 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The constant interaction between diet and intestinal barrier has a crucial role in determining gut health in pigs. Hermetia illucens (HI) meal (that represents a promising, alternative feed ingredient for production animals) has recently been demonstrated to influence colonic microbiota, bacterial metabolite profile and mucosal immune status of pigs, but no data about modulation of gut mucin dynamics are currently available. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary HI meal inclusion on the small intestinal mucin composition of piglets, as well as providing insights into the cecal microbiota and the mucosal infiltration with immune cells. Results A total of 48 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (control diet [C] and 5% or 10% HI meal inclusion [HI5 and HI10], with 4 replicate boxes/treatment and 4 animals/box) and slaughtered after 61 days of trial (3 animals/box, 12 piglets/diet). The cecal microbiota assessment by 16S rRNA amplicon based sequencing showed higher beta diversity in the piglets fed the HI-based diets than the C (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the HI-fed animals showed increased abundance of Blautia, Chlamydia, Coprococcus, Eubacterium, Prevotella, Roseburia, unclassified members of Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus and Staphylococcus when compared to the C group (FDR < 0.05). The gut of the piglets fed the HI-based diets showed greater neutral mucin percentage than the C (P < 0.05), with the intestinal neutral mucins of the HI-fed animals being also higher than the sialomucins and the sulfomucins found in the gut of the C group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the piglets fed the HI-based diets displayed lower histological scores in the jejunum than the other gut segments (ileum [HI5] or ileum and duodenum [HI10], P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary HI meal utilization positively influenced the cecal microbiota and the small intestinal mucin dynamics of the piglets in terms of selection of potentially beneficial bacteria and preservation of mature mucin secretory architecture, without determining the development of gut inflammation. These findings further confirm the suitability of including insect meal in swine diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Valeria Vincenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
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Colombino E, Ferrocino I, Biasato I, Cocolin LS, Prieto-Botella D, Zduńczyk Z, Jankowski J, Milala J, Kosmala M, Fotschki B, Capucchio MT, Juśkiewicz J. Dried fruit pomace inclusion in poultry diet: growth performance, intestinal morphology and physiology. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32577234 PMCID: PMC7304194 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit pomaces are by-products rich in polyphenol compounds and dietary fiber. They seem to play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, morphology and physiology. The aim of this study was to assess whether apple (A), blackurrant (B) or strawberry (S) pomaces could be suitable ingredients in broiler diets and their effect on gut health. A total of 480 male broilers were randomly allotted to 8 dietary treatments with lower (3%-L) or higher (6%-H) dietary fiber content: two control groups (CL/CH), two A diets (AL/AH), two B diets (BL/BH), two S diets (SL/SH). Diet and fruit pomaces were chemically analyzed to assess polyphenol concentration and fibre fraction content. After the evaluation of growth performance, 6 birds/group were slaughtered at 35 days of age. Morphometric and histopathological investigations were performed on duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Excreta were collected to perform microbiota evaluation by 16S DNA sequencing. Weight, viscosity, enzymatic activity, short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) and ammonia concentration were determined in ileum and/or ceca content. Results A pomace and A diets showed the lowest polyphenol content and the highest content of soluble fibre fraction. No significant differences were observed for growth performance, gut morphometry and histopathology (P > 0.05). Dietary fruit pomace inclusion increased the weight of ileum and ceca and the ileum digesta viscosity (P < 0.05). In the ileum, A and S groups showed lower bacterial α-glucosidase activity than C groups. Moreover, small intestine SCFAs concentration was higher in fruit pomaces diets (P < 0.05). In ceca, B and S groups showed lower ammonia concentration and higher SCFAs than C. Dietary treatments also influenced the activity of α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase β-glucuronidase and xylase. Regarding microbiota, at phylum level, Firmicutes were differentially abundant across treatment (maximum for C and minimum in S, FDR > 0.05). At genus level, an increase of Weissella in AH and Erwinia in S/B diets, as well as a decrease of Lactobacillus in all fruit pomace groups were recorded (P < 0.05). Conclusions Fruit pomaces could be suitable ingredients in poultry nutrition even if further studies are needed to better understand which doses is more recommended to avoid negative effects on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Simone Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel Prieto-Botella
- Research Team on Occupational Therapy (InTeO), Department of Surgery and Pathology, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Milala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
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Dabbou S, Trocino A, Xiccato G, Nery J, Madrid J, Martinez S, Hernández F, Kalmar ID, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Biasato I, Bailoni L, Gasco L, Mugnai C, Schiavone A. The effect of dietary supplementation with globin and spray-dried porcine plasma on performance, digestibility and histomorphological traits in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105 Suppl 2:42-51. [PMID: 32363673 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of globin and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on growth performance, digestibility, nitrogen retention, energy retention efficiency (ERE) and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 336-day-old male broiler chickens were reared from 1 to 40 days of age and fed 3 diets (8 replicates/diet, 14 birds/replicate) during 3 feeding phases: starter (1-12 days), grower (12-25 days) and finisher (25-40 days). Isonitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing gluten protein isolate contained in the control diet (C diet) with 2% (starter) or 1% (grower and finisher) spray-dried porcine plasma in the plasma diet (SDPP diet). The globin diet (G diet) was obtained by adding globin on the top of C diet at a dose of 0.08% for the whole rearing period. Total tract apparent digestibility (aD), nitrogen retention and ERE were assessed during the three growing phases. At 12 and 40 days of age, one bird per pen was slaughtered to sample gut, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius for histomorphological investigations. The SDPP diet increased body weights of chickens at 12 (+60 g; p < .001), 25 (+101 g; p < .001) and 40 days (+130 g; p = .018) of age compared to C and G diets. Also SDPP improved crude protein aD (+9.7%) and ERE (+12.3%) during the starter phase (p < .001). Dietary globin and SDPP inclusion did not affect either the gut morphology or the histopathological findings in birds at 12 and 40 days of age, despite a numerical (+6.90% and +7.40% respectively) villus height improvement in the SDPP group. Overall, these results confirm that dietary supplementation with SDPP and, to a lesser extent, with globin can improve growth performance and dietary protein and energy utilization in broiler chickens without effect on gut functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Angela Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Joana Nery
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martinez
- Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Bailoni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mugnai
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Turin, Italy
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Mignacca SA, Mucciarelli M, Colombino E, Biasibetti E, Muscia S, Amato B, Presti VDML, Vazzana I, Galbo A, Capucchio MT. Cistus salviifolius Toxicity in Cattle. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:115-121. [PMID: 31662123 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819880346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity related to consumption of Cistus sp. pl. has been described in ruminants in some countries. This report describes the clinical and pathological findings of Cistus salviifolius toxicosis in 3 beef cattle herds located in 2 different areas of Sicily, Italy. Outbreaks were observed after grazing in poor winter pasture where C. salviifolius was abundant. Mean morbidity and mortality were 29% and 21%, respectively. Most of the affected animals (6 to 36 months old) showed anorexia, weight loss, and pollakiuria culminating in recumbency and death. Occasionally, abortion and neurological signs were observed. In animals with acute signs, there was a moderate decrease of sodium and chloride concentrations in serum. Animals with chronic signs showed an increase of serum urea, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phosphorus and a decrease in total serum protein, calcium, chloride, and magnesium concentrations. Moderate anemia and slight neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and eosinophilia were detected in all groups. At necropsy, the main lesion was severe distention of the urinary bladder with turbid hemorrhagic urine and crystalluria. Histologically, chronic cystitis, interstitial nephritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and nonsuppurative necrotizing hepatitis were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. salviifolius toxicosis in cattle in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Mucciarelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Amato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri," Barcellona P.G. (Messina), Italy
| | | | - Irene Vazzana
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri," Barcellona P.G. (Messina), Italy
| | - Andrea Galbo
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy
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Colombino E, Capella S, Casalinuovo F, Racco R, Pruiti F, Volante M, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Belluso E, Capucchio MT. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a boar who lived in Calabria (Italy): Wild animal as sentinel system of human health. Sci Total Environ 2019; 683:267-274. [PMID: 31132706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a tumor of the serosal membranes described both in human and veterinary medicine. While in humans the relationship between mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos and some other asbestiform minerals is well known, in animals it is still difficult to establish. In this paper a case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma probably related to asbestos exposure in a wild boar is described. At post-mortem evaluation the peritoneum, diaphragm and serosal surface of liver and kidneys showed isolated to coalescent multiple nodular lesions. Samples from diaphragm, liver and lung were collected to perform microbiological and histological investigations. To assess the presence of asbestos and/or other asbestiform minerals, SEM-EDS investigations were performed on organs and soil samples collected from the area where the wild boar lived. Microbiological investigations were negative for Mycobacterium species. Gross and histological examination were compatible with a biphasic mesothelioma, with nodules composed of epithelioid and sarcomatoid elements with high pleomorphism. Immunohistochemistry revealed only multifocal scattered positivity for WT-1 and D2-40. Asbestos fibres were detected in all samples (organs and soil) by SEM-EDS, demonstrating a potential relationship between the neoplasia and the exposure to naturally occurring asbestos (NOA). In conclusion, the results of the present study are further confirmation that wild animals, such as the boar, are suitable sentinels to indicate the risk of environmental exposure to asbestos for human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Italy.
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates G. Scansetti, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Flavia Pruiti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Barcellona P.G., Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates G. Scansetti, University of Torino, Italy
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Salaroglio IC, Abate C, Rolando B, Battaglia L, Gazzano E, Colombino E, Costamagna C, Annovazzi L, Mellai M, Berardi F, Capucchio MT, Schiffer D, Riganti C. Validation of Thiosemicarbazone Compounds as P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors in Human Primary Brain-Blood Barrier and Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3361-3373. [PMID: 31265310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is highly expressed on blood-brain barrier (BBB) and glioblastoma (GB) cells, particularly on cancer stem cells (SC). Pgp recognizes a broad spectrum of substrates, limiting the therapeutic efficacy of several chemotherapeutic drugs in eradicating GB SC. Finding effective and safe inhibitors of Pgp that improve drug delivery across the BBB and target GB SC is open to investigation. We previously identified a series of thiosemicarbazone compounds that inhibit Pgp with an EC50 in the nanomolar range, and herein, we investigate the efficacy of three of them in bypassing Pgp-mediated drug efflux in primary human BBB and GB cells. At 10 nM, the compounds were not cytotoxic for the brain microvascular endothelial hCMEC/D3 cell line, but they markedly enhanced the permeability of the Pgp-substrate doxorubicin through the BBB. Thiosemicarbazone derivatives increased doxorubicin uptake in GB, with greater effects in the Pgp-rich SC clones than in the differentiated clones derived from the same tumor. All compounds increased intratumor doxorubicin accumulation and consequent toxicity in GB growing under competent BBB, producing significant killing of GB SC. The compounds crossed the BBB monolayer. The most stable derivative, 10a, had a half-life in serum of 4.2 h. The coadministration of doxorubicin plus 10a significantly reduced the growth of orthotopic GB-SC xenografts, without eliciting toxic side effects. Our work suggests that the thiosemicarbazone compounds are able to transform doxorubicin, a prototype BBB-impermeable drug, into a BBB-permeable drug. Bypassing Pgp-mediated drug efflux in both BBB and GB SC, thiosemicarbazones might increase the success of chemotherapy in targeting GB SC, which represent the most aggressive and difficult components to eradicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Chiara Salaroglio
- Dipartimento di Oncologia , Università di Torino , via Santena 5/bis , 10126 Torino , Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università di Torino , via Pietro Giuria 9 , 10125 Torino , Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università di Torino , via Pietro Giuria 9 , 10125 Torino , Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Dipartimento di Oncologia , Università di Torino , via Santena 5/bis , 10126 Torino , Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Università di Torino , Largo Braccini 2 , 10095 Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Costanzo Costamagna
- Dipartimento di Oncologia , Università di Torino , via Santena 5/bis , 10126 Torino , Italy
| | - Laura Annovazzi
- Centro Ricerche , Fondazione Policlinico di Monza , via Pietro Micca 29 , 13100 Vercelli , Italy
| | - Marta Mellai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , Università del Piemonte Orientale , corso Mazzini 18 , 28100 Novara , Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Università di Torino , Largo Braccini 2 , 10095 Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Davide Schiffer
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze , Università di Torino , via Cherasco 15 , 10126 Torino , Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia , Università di Torino , via Santena 5/bis , 10126 Torino , Italy
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Gariglio M, Dabbou S, Biasato I, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Hernández F, Madrid J, Martínez S, Gai F, Caimi C, Oddon SB, Meneguz M, Trocino A, Vincenzi R, Gasco L, Schiavone A. Nutritional effects of the dietary inclusion of partially defatted Hermetia illucens larva meal in Muscovy duck. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:37. [PMID: 31168367 PMCID: PMC6509755 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present work is aimed at evaluating the effect of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, L.; HI) larva meal for ducks. A total of 192 female 3-day-old Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata domestica, Canedins R71 L White, Grimaud Freres Selection, France) were divided into 4 groups, assigned 4 different dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate) and reared from 3 to 50 days of age. HI larva meal was included at increasing levels (0, 3%, 6% and 9%, HI0, HI3, HI6 and HI9, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter (3–17 days of age), grower (18–38 days of age) and finisher (39–50 days of age). The growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility were evaluated during the trial using titanium dioxide as an inert marker (0.3% of inclusion). At 51 days of age, two birds per pen were slaughtered and histomorphological investigations were performed. Results The live weight and average daily gain showed a quadratic response to increasing HI meal in the grower period (minimum corresponding to the HI6 group). No effects of dietary inclusion levels were observed for the daily feed intake or feed conversion ratio. The apparent dry matter and organic matter digestibility were not affected by the dietary treatment. A linear decrease was observed for the crude protein apparent digestibility in the starter period (minimum for the HI9 groups). The ether extract apparent digestibility increased linearly during the grower and finisher periods (minimum for the HI0 group). The morphometric indices were not influenced by the dietary treatments. Conclusions The inclusion of up to 9% of HI partially defatted larva meal in the diet of ducks did not cause any effect on growth performance, as well as the apparent digestibility. Moreover, dietary HI inclusion preserved the physiological intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gariglio
- 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- 2Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- 3Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Madrid
- 3Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez
- 3Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francesco Gai
- 4Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Christian Caimi
- 2Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- 2Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Marco Meneguz
- 2Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Angela Trocino
- 5Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, Padua, Legnaro 35020 Italy
| | - Riccardo Vincenzi
- A.I.A. Agricola Italiana Alimentare S.p.A, via Val Pantena 18G, 37142 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- 2Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy.,4Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy.,4Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, largo Paolo Braccini 2, Turin, Grugliasco 10095 Italy.,7Institute of Interdisciplinary Research on Sustainability, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10100 Turin, Italy
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Colombino E, Biasato I, Biasibetti E, Sereno A, Chiappino L, Evangelista R, Cenacchi G, Guarda F, Capucchio MT. Potential role of Anitschkow cells in cardiovascular disease in human and veterinary medicine: A review of the literature. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:201-206. [PMID: 30772944 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Anitschkow cells (AC) are a peculiar type of stromal cells observed in myocardium, cardiac valves and coronary vessels wall whose origin, characterization and role remain controversial. In human heart, they represent a histological hallmark of Aschoff nodules in rheumatic fever, but they have also been observed in other myocardial pathologies. Firstly, they have been considered a myocyte-derived cells, but light microscopy, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies pointed out that a macrophagic/histiocytic origin cannot be excluded. Many authors also reported extracardiac AC or an Anitschkow nuclear pattern, thus suggesting that these cells may represent a chromatin pattern rather than a specific cell type. In veterinary medicine, AC were described in myocarditis, myocardial necrosis, degenerative and inflammatory endocardial diseases of several species. Recently, AC have been observed in intramural coronary arteries of different animals (including cattle and fish) affected by arteriosclerotic processes. Stress related to the intensive livestock farming could represent a mechanotransduction promoting factor of arteriosclerotic changes allowing the development of Anitschkow chromatin pattern. Further studies both in human and veterinary medicine are needed to confirm the origin and role of these peculiar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sereno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Chiappino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Rocchina Evangelista
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Guarda
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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