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Kane Y, Tendu A, Li R, Chen Y, Mastriani E, Lan J, Catherine Hughes A, Berthet N, Wong G. Viral diversity in wild and urban rodents of Yunnan Province, China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2290842. [PMID: 38047395 PMCID: PMC10829829 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2290842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Rodents represent over 40% of known mammal species and are found in various terrestrial habitats. They are significant reservoirs for zoonotic viruses, including harmful pathogens such as arenaviruses and hantaviruses, yet knowledge of their hosts and distributions is limited. Therefore, characterizing the virome profile in these animals is invaluable for outbreak preparedness, especially in potential hotspots of mammal diversity. This study included 681 organs from 124 rodents and one Chinese tree shrew collected from Yunnan Province, China, during 2020-2021. Metagenomic analysis revealed unique features of mammalian viruses in rodent organs across habitats with varying human disturbances. R. tanezumi in locations with high anthropogenic disturbance exhibited the highest mammal viral diversity, with spleen and lung samples showing the highest diversities for these viruses at the organ level. Mammal viral diversity for both commensal and non-commensal rats was identified to positively correlate with landscape disturbance. Some virus families were associated with particular organs or host species, suggesting tropism for these pathogens. Notably, known and novel viral species that are likely to infect humans were identified. R. tanezumi was identified as a reservoir and carrier for various zoonotic viruses, including porcine bocavirus, hantavirus, cardiovirus, and lyssavirus. These findings highlight the influence of rodent community composition and anthropogenic activities on diverse virome profiles, with R. tanezumi as an important reservoir for zoonotic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakhouba Kane
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexander Tendu
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiya Li
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, People’s Republic of China
| | - Emilio Mastriani
- Centre for Microbes, Development, and Health, and Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Lan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alice Catherine Hughes
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nicolas Berthet
- Centre for Microbes, Development, and Health, and Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Environnement et Risque Infectieux, Cellule d’Intervention Biologique d’Urgence, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-cite, Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | - Gary Wong
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Liu AW, Brown Iii W, Madu NE, Maiorano AR, Bigazzi O, Medina E, Sorric C, Hays SR, Odisho AY. Patient Engagement With and Perspectives on a Mobile Health Home Spirometry Intervention: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e51236. [PMID: 38506896 PMCID: PMC10993125 DOI: 10.2196/51236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient engagement attrition in mobile health (mHealth) remote patient monitoring (RPM) programs decreases program benefits. Systemic disparities lead to inequities in RPM adoption and use. There is an urgent need to understand patients' experiences with RPM in the real world, especially for patients who have stopped using the programs, as addressing issues faced by patients can increase the value of mHealth for patients and subsequently decrease attrition. OBJECTIVE This study sought to understand patient engagement and experiences in an RPM mHealth intervention in lung transplant recipients. METHODS Between May 4, 2020, and November 1, 2022, a total of 601 lung transplant recipients were enrolled in an mHealth RPM intervention to monitor lung function. The predictors of patient engagement were evaluated using multivariable logistic and linear regression. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 6 of 39 patients who had engaged in the first month but stopped using the program, and common themes were identified. RESULTS Patients who underwent transplant more than 1 year before enrollment in the program had 84% lower odds of engaging (odds ratio [OR] 0.16, 95% CI 0.07-0.35), 82% lower odds of submitting pulmonary function measurements (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09-0.33), and 78% lower odds of completing symptom checklists (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.43). Patients whose primary language was not English had 78% lower odds of engaging compared to English speakers (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.67). Interviews revealed 4 prominent themes: challenges with devices, communication breakdowns, a desire for more personal interactions and specific feedback with the care team about their results, understanding the purpose of the chat, and understanding how their data are used. CONCLUSIONS Care delivery and patient experiences with RPM in lung transplant mHealth can be improved and made more equitable by tailoring outreach and enhancements toward non-English speakers and patients with a longer time between transplant and enrollment. Attention to designing programs to provide personalization through supplementary provider contact, education, and information transparency may decrease attrition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Liu
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - William Brown Iii
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ndubuisi E Madu
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ali R Maiorano
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Olivia Bigazzi
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eli Medina
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Sorric
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven R Hays
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anobel Y Odisho
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Zhang Y, Cheng W, Di H, Yang S, Tian Y, Tong Y, Huang H, Escalona VH, Tang Y, Li H, Zhang F, Sun B, Huang Z. Variation in Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Cultivars and Organs of Basella alba. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:892. [PMID: 38592915 PMCID: PMC10974134 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Basella alba is a frequently consumed leafy vegetable. However, research on its nutritional components is limited. This study aimed to explore the variation in the nutritional components and antioxidant capacity of different cultivars and organs of Basella alba. Here, we primarily chose classical spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to characterize the variation in nutritional components and antioxidant capacity among different organs (inflorescences, green fruits, black fruits, leaves, and stems) of eight typical cultivars of Basella alba. The determination indices (and methods) included the total soluble sugar (anthrone colorimetry), total soluble protein (the Bradford method), total chlorophyll (the ethanol-extracting method), total carotenoids (the ethanol-extracting method), total ascorbic acid (the HPLC method), total proanthocyanidins (the p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method), total flavonoids (AlCl3 colorimetry), total phenolics (the Folin method), and antioxidant capacity (the FRAP and ABTS methods). The results indicated that M5 and M6 exhibited advantages in their nutrient contents and antioxidant capacities. Additionally, the inflorescences demonstrated the highest total ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents, while the green and black fruits exhibited relatively high levels of total proanthocyanidins and antioxidant capacity. In a comparison between the green and black fruits, the green fruits showed higher levels of total chlorophyll (0.77-1.85 mg g-1 DW), total proanthocyanidins (0.62-2.34 mg g-1 DW), total phenolics (15.28-27.35 mg g-1 DW), and ABTS (43.39-59.16%), while the black fruits exhibited higher levels of total soluble protein (65.45-89.48 mg g-1 DW) and total soluble sugar (56.40-207.62 mg g-1 DW) in most cultivars. Chlorophyll, carotenoids, and flavonoids were predominantly found in the leaves of most cultivars, whereas the total soluble sugar contents were highest in the stems of most cultivars. Overall, our findings underscore the significant influence of the cultivars on the nutritional composition of Basella alba. Moreover, we observed notable variations in the nutrient contents among the different organs of the eight cultivars, and proanthocyanidins may contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity of the fruits. On the whole, this study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic breeding of Basella alba and dietary nutrition and serves as a reference for the comprehensive utilization of this vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China;
- The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongmei Di
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Shihan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yuxiao Tian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yuantao Tong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Victor Hugo Escalona
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Metropolitan Region, Chile;
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
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Zhang M, Bai LB, Yau LF, Tong TT, Zhang W, Jiang ZH. Identification of Cannabidivarin Metabolites in Different Mouse Organs Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to a Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:386-396. [PMID: 36342908 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: As a natural analog of cannabidiol (CBD), nonpsychoactive cannabidivarin (CBDV) has therapeutic potential. However, the precise metabolism of CBDV either in vivo or in vitro has not been fully understood. Objective and Experimental Approach: Therefore, mice were intragastrically administered CBDV, and metabolite-rich and potential target organs and tissues were collected and analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The metabolic pathways of CBDV in mice were illustrated more comprehensively for the first time. Results: Twenty-one metabolites were found, all of which, except decarbonylated CBDV, were initially identified. Compared with CBD, the newly identified metabolic pathways were single dehydrogenation, combined decarbonylation and monohydroxylation, and glutathione conjugations of CBDV and its phase I metabolite. Conclusions: According to the very low response in plasma and the extremely high response in intestinal contents 1 h later after the administration, it was assumed that the oral bioavailability of CBDV was as poor as that of CBD, and the major forms to excrete were conjugates of glutathione and glucuronic acid. In contrast to CBDV, decarbonylated CBDV in the keto form and enol form had considerable responses in plasma and preferred to target fatty tissues and organs owing to their higher lipophilicity. Whether these forms can function as genuine active substances in vivo instead of CBDV is worthy of investigation. These results and supposes contribute notable information regarding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Long-Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Lee-Fong Yau
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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Li Y, Wang J, Wang L. Seasonal variations in C/N/P/K stoichiometric characteristics in different plant organs in the various forest types of Sygera Mountain. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1293934. [PMID: 38362445 PMCID: PMC10867192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1293934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We explored the resource acquisition and growth strategies of plants adapting to different environments, focusing on the typical forest types of Sygera Mountain: Pinus armandii, Picea likiangensis var. Linzhiensis, Abies georgei var. Smithii, and Juniperus saltuaria. Then, we analyzed the nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios of C, N, P, and K in different plant organs (leaves, branches, trunks, and roots) to examine the stoichiometric characteristics and nutrient balance mechanisms in these forests. Results show that within the same forest type, different plant organs exhibit high C and low N, P, and K levels. N content in all organs followed the order leaves > branches > roots > trunks. During the growth phase, the concentrations of P and K in PLL and AGS follow the order branches > leaves > roots > trunks. In the dormant phase, the distribution in different organs had the order leaves > branches > roots > trunks. C content remained relatively stable over time. In the same organ across different forest types, increase in nitrogen content in plant leaves is an active adaptation of JS plants, indicating that JS has a conservative growth strategy and can adapt to environmental stress. Owing to the influence of seasons, the evolution process of N and P content fluctuates, allocating nutrients to supporting and transporting organs for resource optimization and allocation. The N and P content were lower in the growth phase than in the dormant phase. Seasonal variations in the C/N, C/P, and C/K ratios in different forests were inversely correlated with changes in N, P, and K content in plant organs, supporting the "growth rate hypothesis." Stoichiometric analysis suggests that different limiting elements exist in organs across various forest types. Principal component analysis indicates that the seasonal patterns of stoichiometric ratios in the organs of different forest types show species-specific characteristics, reflecting the evolutionary nutrient utilization strategies of plant genera. In summary, plant growth in different Sygera Mountain forest types is limited by N and P, with a high tendency toward nitrogen limitation. The nutrient utilization and distribution differences among various organs during different growth stages are primarily influenced by the limited availability of environmental nutrients and inherent physiological characteristics of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Li
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luqi Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
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He W, Deng J, Ma B, Tao K, Zhang Z, Ramakrishna S, Yuan W, Ye T. Recent Advancements of Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting of Human Tissues and Organs. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:17-43. [PMID: 38091514 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is recognized as a promising biomanufacturing technology that enables the reproducible and high-throughput production of tissues and organs through the deposition of different bioinks. Especially, bioinks based on loaded cells allow for immediate cellularity upon printing, providing opportunities for enhanced cell differentiation for organ manufacturing and regeneration. Thus, extensive applications have been found in the field of tissue engineering. The performance of the bioinks determines the functionality of the entire printed construct throughout the bioprinting process. It is generally expected that bioinks should support the encapsulated cells to achieve their respective cellular functions and withstand normal physiological pressure exerted on the printed constructs. The bioinks should also exhibit a suitable printability for precise deposition of the constructs. These characteristics are essential for the functional development of tissues and organs in bioprinting and are often achieved through the combination of different biomaterials. In this review, we have discussed the cutting-edge outstanding performance of different bioinks for printing various human tissues and organs in recent years. We have also examined the current status of 3D bioprinting and discussed its future prospects in relieving or curing human health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jinjun Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Binghe Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Weizheng Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Omadang L, Chamai M, Ejobi F, Erume J, Oba P, Ocaido M. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among livestock in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda. Parasitology 2024; 151:68-76. [PMID: 38012850 PMCID: PMC10941043 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains a significant challenge in Uganda with precise status largely undocumented in most communities. To determine CE prevalence, post-mortem examination was done on 14 937 livestock (5873 goats, 1377 sheep, 3726 zebu cattle and 3054 Ankole cattle) slaughtered in abattoirs in the districts of Moroto in Karamoja region, Kumi in Teso region and Nakasongola and Luwero in Buganda region. The overall CE prevalence was 21.9% in sheep, 15.2% in zebu cattle, 5.5% in goats and 2.1% in Ankole cattle. Moroto district had a higher prevalence of CE than other districts with 31.3% in zebu cattle, sheep 28%, goats 29.1% and (0%) in Ankole cattle. On organ locations, the lungs were the most affected in all livestock in all the study areas. Considering cyst fertility, 33.9, 1.7 and 6.4% of Ankole cattle, sheep and zebu cattle respectively had fertile cysts in the liver while 4.5% of goats and 4% Ankole cattle had fertile cysts in the lungs. In conclusion, CE is widespread and occurs among cattle, sheep and goats in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create awareness among the communities on role of livestock in CE epidemiology and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Omadang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Production and Management, Busitema University, Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Martin Chamai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Ejobi
- Directorate of Research and Innovations, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Joseph Erume
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Oba
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Abi ZARDI), Arua, Uganda
| | - Michael Ocaido
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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de Espírito Augusti B, Rahal SC, da Silva JP, Vac MH, Teixeira RHF, da Costa ALM, da Silva Gomes M, Novais J, Junior OC, Mamprim MJ. Sonographic features of abdominal organs in healthy captive Neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis). Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13009. [PMID: 38230832 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the sonographic features of abdominal organs in healthy captive Neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis). The sonograph showed that the urinary bladder was located in the caudal abdomen and its content was uniformly anechoic. The bladder wall had three layers: outer hyperechoic serosa, hypoechoic muscular layer and hyperechoic mucosa. The mean total wall thickness was 0.10 cm. The splenic parenchyma had a homogeneous echotexture with greater echogenicity than that of the left renal cortex and liver. The borders were regular and tapered. Rugal folds were observed in the stomach when undistended. The mean gastric wall thickness was 0.28 cm and five distinct layers were visible. The liver had smooth contours, and division of the hepatic lobes was not precisely visualized. The hepatic parenchyma had a homogeneous echotexture with greater echogenicity as compared to the right kidney and lesser echogenicity than that of the spleen. The gallbladder appeared as an oval or rounded structure in the transverse plane, filled with homogeneous anechogenic content; the wall was thin, regular and hyperechoic, with a mean thickness of 0.09 cm. The kidneys had a lobulated appearance with renicular subunits. The mean total length of the kidneys in longitudinal plane was 6.18 cm for the left and 6.27 cm for the right. Each reniculus was covered by an echogenic capsule, and the medullary region was more hypoechogenic than the cortical region. In conclusion, sonographic features in most of the abdominal organs in Neotropical otters are similar to the ultrasound patterns observed in healthy dogs and cats, except for kidneys with reniculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Espírito Augusti
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sheila Canevese Rahal
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jeana Pereira da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Jaqueline Mamprim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
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Gu Y, Ge S, Li J, Ren L, Wang C, Luo Y. Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized Areas. Insects 2023; 15:12. [PMID: 38249018 PMCID: PMC10815997 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a new invasive pest beetle in China, which colonized the Shandong province, causing devastating damage. Originating in Europe, it has spread to Oceania, Asia, North and South America. Bacterial associates have been frequently reported to play a vital role in strengthening the ecological adaptations of bark and ambrosia beetles. The environmental adaptability of H. ligniperda may be supported by their associated bacteria. Bacterial communities colonizing different body parts of insects may have different functions. However, little is known about the bacteria associated with H. ligniperda and their potential involvement in facilitating the adaptation and invasion of the beetles into new environments. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial communities associated with male and female adults of H. ligniperda by comparing those colonizing the elytra, prothorax, and gut. Results showed that the bacterial communities of male and female adults were similar, and the elytra samples had the highest bacterial diversity and richness, followed by the gut, while the prothorax had the lowest. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota, while the dominant genera were Serratia, Lactococcus, Rhodococcus, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and Gordonia. Among these, Rhodococcus and Gordonia were the specific genera of endobacteria and ectobacteria, respectively. Differences in the distribution of associated bacteria may suggest that they have different ecological functions for H. ligniperda. The results of functional prediction showed that bacteria were enriched in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, degradation of aromatic compounds, limonene and pinene degradation, neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis, indicating that they may assist their beetles in synthesizing pheromones, degrading toxic secondary metabolites of host trees, and antagonizing pathogenic fungi. These results help us understand the interaction between H. ligniperda and bacteria and highlight possible contributions to the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Sixun Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Jiale Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Lili Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (S.G.)
- Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanzhen Wang
- Yantai Forest Resources Monitoring and Protection Service Center, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Youqing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.G.); (S.G.)
- Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Saunders B. Opt-out, mandated choice and informed consent. Bioethics 2023; 37:862-868. [PMID: 37789803 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of authors criticise opt-out (or 'deemed consent') systems for failing to secure valid consent to organ donation. Further, several suggest that mandated choice offers a more ethical alternative. This article responds to criticisms that opt-out does not secure informed consent. If we assume current (low) levels of public awareness, then the explicit consent secured under mandated choice will not be informed either. Conversely, a mandated choice policy might be justifiable if accompanied by a significant public education campaign. However, if this entitles us to assume that members of the public are informed, then an opt-out system would also be justified in the same circumstances. The alleged advantages of mandated choice seem to rest on an unfair comparison, between mandated choice with a public education campaign and an opt-out system without one. While it may be that some countries with opt-out systems should do more to inform their publics, I see no reason to assume that this cannot be done. Indeed, advocates of mandated choice seem committed to thinking it possible to raise awareness. If opt-out systems adopt the same methods, such as writing to every individual, this should also address concerns about whether consent is informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Saunders
- Politics and International Relations, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Nitu NS, Sultana SZ, Haq A, Sumi SA, Bose SK, Sinha S, Kumar S, Haque M. Histological Study on the Thickness of Gray Matter at the Summit and Bottom of Folium in Different Age Groups of Bangladeshi People. Cureus 2023; 15:e42103. [PMID: 37476298 PMCID: PMC10354462 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The cerebellum is a part of the hindbrain and consists of cortical gray matter (GM) at the surface and a medullary core of white matter (WM). The GM contains a cell body of neurons that helps process and transmit any command type through nerve fibers found in the WM. The main functions of GM in the central nervous system empower persons to control motor activity, recollection, and passion. So, this research aims to assess the thickness of GM at the summit and bottom of folia by histologically studying the cerebellum cortex. Methods The collection of data was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study. The method was the purposive type. This study was conducted from August 2016 to March 2017, and the research was carried out at Mymensingh Medical College's Department of Anatomy, Bangladesh. Specimens containing cerebellum were preserved from Bangladeshi cadavers according to sexes and ages ranging in years. We chose fresh specimens from people who died within the last 12 hours and preserved them in 10% formol saline. The size of the tissue that was collected for the histological study was not more than 2 cm2 and not more than 4-5 mm thick. Then the tissue was placed in 10% formol saline. This fluid was used for quick fixation and partial dehydration of the tissue. After dehydration, each tissue segment is processed for infiltration and embedding separately. Every section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) before being coated with dibutyl phthalate polystyrene xylene (DPX) coverslips on slides. Result The mean (±SD) thickness of GM at the summit of folium was 886.2±29.7µm in Group A, 925.2±25.9µm in Group B, 912.7±22.3µm in Group C, and 839.9±40.7µm in Group D. Mean (±SD) GM thickness at the bottom of the fissure was 395.6±12.2 µm, 403.9±26.0µm, 380.4±23.4 µm, and 375.8±28.8 µm in Groups A, B, C, and D respectively. Conclusion The thickness of the cortex is an essential factor in the normal development process, and it was similar in the current study. Normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias cause reduced GM which makes the cortical sheet thin. Huntington's disease, corticobasal degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia are all examples of neurological disorders. Cortical thinning is typically locally localized, and the progression of atrophy can thus disclose much about a disease's history and causal variables. The present study correspondingly found that GM was reduced after the age of 50 years onward. Furthermore, longitudinal investigations of cortical atrophy have the potential to be extremely useful in measuring the efficacy of a wide range of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahsanul Haq
- Statistics, Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic and Research Center, Dhanmondi, BGD
| | - Sharmin A Sumi
- Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Susmita Sinha
- Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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12
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Li Y, Xu GK. Editorial: Mechanobiology at multiple scales. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1226198. [PMID: 37388771 PMCID: PMC10303787 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Li
- Université PSL, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Pierre-Gilles De Gennes, CytoMorpho Lab, Paris, France
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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13
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Wang S, Liu Y, Chen J, He Y, Ma W, Liu X, Sun X. Effects of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198984. [PMID: 37383400 PMCID: PMC10293893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, adipocytes were found to play an important role in regulating whole-body nutrition and energy balance, and are also important in energy metabolism, hormone secretion, and immune regulation. Different adipocytes have different contributions to the body, with white adipocytes primarily storing energy and brown adipocytes producing heat. Recently discovered beige adipocytes, which have characteristics in between white and brown adipocytes, also have the potential to produce heat. Adipocytes interact with other cells in the microenvironment to promote blood vessel growth and immune and neural network interactions. Adipose tissue plays an important role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Dysfunction in adipose tissue endocrine and immune regulation can cause and promote the occurrence and development of related diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete multiple cytokines, which can interact with organs; however, previous studies have not comprehensively summarized the interaction between adipose tissue and other organs. This article reviews the effect of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue, including interactions between the central nervous system, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and intestines, as well as the mechanisms of adipose tissue in the development of various diseases and its role in disease treatment. It emphasizes the importance of a deeper understanding of these mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. Determining these mechanisms has enormous potential for identifying new targets for treating diabetes, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuejing He
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Wanrui Ma
- Department of General Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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14
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Liang S, Tan T, Wu D, Li C, Jing H, Wu J. Seasonal variations in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus of Pinus yunnanenis at different stand ages. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1107961. [PMID: 37251774 PMCID: PMC10211246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variations in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) at the organ level of Pinus yunnanenis during different season are poorly understood. In this study, the C, N, P, and their stoichiometric ratios in various organs of P. yunnanensis during the four seasons are discussed. The middle and young aged P. yunnanensis forests in central Yunnan province, China were chosen, and the contents of C, N, and P in fine roots (<2 mm), stems, needles, and branches were analyzed. The results showed that the C, N, P contents and their ratios in P. yunnanensis were significantly influenced by season and organ, less affected by age. The C content of the middle-aged and young forests decreased continuously from spring to winter, whereas N and P first decreased and then increased. No significant allometric growth relationships were observed between P-C of the branches or stems in the young and middle-aged forests, whereas a significant allometric growth relationship existed for N-P of needles in the young stands, indicating that the P-C and N-P nutrient distribution patterns shows different trends in the organ level in different age stands. The pattern of P allocation between organs shows differences in stand age, with more allocation to needles in middle-aged stands and more allocation to fine roots in young stands. The N:P ratio in needles was less than 14, indicating that P. yunnanensis was mainly limited by N and increasing the application of N fertilizer would be beneficial for the productivity of this stand. The results will be helpful to nutrient management in P. yunnanensis plantation.
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15
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Dzobo K, Dandara C. The Extracellular Matrix: Its Composition, Function, Remodeling, and Role in Tumorigenesis. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:146. [PMID: 37092398 PMCID: PMC10123695 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a ubiquitous member of the body and is key to the maintenance of tissue and organ integrity. Initially thought to be a bystander in many cellular processes, the extracellular matrix has been shown to have diverse components that regulate and activate many cellular processes and ultimately influence cell phenotype. Importantly, the ECM's composition, architecture, and stiffness/elasticity influence cellular phenotypes. Under normal conditions and during development, the synthesized ECM constantly undergoes degradation and remodeling processes via the action of matrix proteases that maintain tissue homeostasis. In many pathological conditions including fibrosis and cancer, ECM synthesis, remodeling, and degradation is dysregulated, causing its integrity to be altered. Both physical and chemical cues from the ECM are sensed via receptors including integrins and play key roles in driving cellular proliferation and differentiation and in the progression of various diseases such as cancers. Advances in 'omics' technologies have seen an increase in studies focusing on bidirectional cell-matrix interactions, and here, we highlight the emerging knowledge on the role played by the ECM during normal development and in pathological conditions. This review summarizes current ECM-targeted therapies that can modify ECM tumors to overcome drug resistance and better cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- Medical Research Council, SA Wound Healing Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- The South African Medical Research Council-UCT Platform for Pharmacogenomics Research and Translation, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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16
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Mendoza LC, Nolos RC, Villaflores OB, Apostol EMD, Senoro DB. Detection of Heavy Metals, Their Distribution in Tilapia spp., and Health Risks Assessment. Toxics 2023; 11:286. [PMID: 36977051 PMCID: PMC10057469 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) were assessed in Tilapia spp. from selected communities in Calapan City, Philippines. Eleven (11) inland farmed tilapia samples were collected and analyzed for HMs concentration using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The 11 fish samples were cut into seven pieces, according to the fish body parts, constituting a total of 77 samples. These fish samples were then labeled as bone, fins, head, meat, skin, and viscera. Results showed that the mean concentration of Cd in all parts of tilapia exceeded the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) limits. The highest concentration was recorded in the fins, which was sevenfold higher than the limit. The trend of the mean concentration of Cd in different parts of tilapia was fins > viscera > skin > tail > head > meat > bone. The target hazard quotient (THQ) recorded a value less than 1. This means that the population exposed to tilapia, within the area where fish samples originated, were not at risk to non-carcinogens. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Mn, Hg, and Zn in different parts, particularly in skin, fins, and viscera, also exceeded the FAO/WHO limits. The calculated cancer risk (CR) in consuming the fish skin, meat, fins, bone, viscera, and head was higher than the USEPA limit. This indicated a possible carcinogenic risk when consumed regularly. Most of the correlations observed between HMs in various parts of the tilapia had positive (direct) relationships, which were attributed to the HM toxicity target organ characteristics. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most of the dominating HMs recorded in tilapia were attributable to anthropogenic activities and natural weathering within the watershed of agricultural areas. The agriculture area comprises about 86.83% of the overall land area of Calapan City. The identified carcinogenic risks were associated with Cd. Therefore, regular monitoring of HMs in inland fishes, their habitat, and surface water quality shall be carried out. This information is useful in creating strategies in metals concentration monitoring, health risks reduction program, and relevant guidelines that would reduce the accumulation of HM in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel C. Mendoza
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
- Food Processing Technology Research and Development Center (FPTRDC), Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd, Sampaloc, Manila 1008, National Capital Region, Philippines
- College of Teacher Education, Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
- Graduate School, Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
- MIMAROPA Food Innovation Center (FIC), Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
| | - Ronnel C. Nolos
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
- Mapua-MSC Joint Research Laboratory, Marinduque State College, Boac 4900, Marinduque, Philippines
- College of Environmental Studies, Marinduque State College, Boac 4900, Marinduque, Philippines
| | - Oliver B. Villaflores
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, Manila 1008, National Capital Region, Philippines
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, Manila 1008, National Capital Region, Philippines
| | - Enya Marie D. Apostol
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
- College of Business and Management, Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
| | - Delia B. Senoro
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
- Mapua-MSC Joint Research Laboratory, Marinduque State College, Boac 4900, Marinduque, Philippines
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
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Mocanu H, Mocanu AI, Dascălu IT, Schipor MA, Rădulescu M. Materials for ossicular chain reconstruction: History and evolution (Review). Med Int (Lond) 2023; 3:13. [PMID: 36875817 PMCID: PMC9982808 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The middle ear represents the anatomic space between the external auditory canal and the inner ear (Cochlea). It is comprised of the tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain [malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup)] with the corresponding muscles and ligaments and the cavity of the middle ear. The main function of the middle ear is to convey vibratory energy (sound pressure) from the air to the cochlear fluids of the internal ear via the ossicular chain. Tympanoplasty represents a number of procedures used to re-establish the continuity of sound transmission from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. Ever since the beginning of otologic surgery, various materials have been tested for ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR). The present review aimed to present, in a chronological sequence, the evolution of knowledge regarding this field of medicine, and to also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and designs of ossicular prostheses. The constant search for more efficient, easily tolerated and lighter materials has improved the acoustic rehabilitation process and has markedly reduced the rate of functional failure of these small prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horia Mocanu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela-Ioana Mocanu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Polimed Medical Center, 040067 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Teodora Dascălu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai-Adrian Schipor
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Rădulescu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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18
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Strong YN, Cao DY, Zhou J, Guenther MA, Anderson DJ, Kaye AD, Blick BE, Anandi PR, Patel HY, Urits I. Koro Syndrome: Epidemiology, Psychiatric and Physical Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:70165. [PMID: 36844644 PMCID: PMC9946797 DOI: 10.52965/001c.70165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Koro syndrome is a multi-tiered disease presenting as an overwhelming belief that one's sex organs are shrinking into their body. Moderate to severe anxiety attacks are associated with the condition, along with a fear of imminent death. Koro is often culturally related and is most seen as an epidemic form in East and Southeast Asia, although it can present anywhere worldwide in its sporadic form. The condition typically affects young males who believe in sex-related myths, and many individuals can co-present with anxiety, depression, or even psychosis. Although most presentations of Koro are self-limiting, the condition is harmful for one's self-esteem and quality of life, and some individuals may go through extreme, physically injurious measures to prevent genital retraction. Treatments include the use of psychotherapy that has a sex education component, especially if the patient believes in culturally rooted myths. In sporadic Koro, it is believed that if the primary psychiatric disorder is treated with anxiolytics, antidepressants, sedatives, or psychotics, the secondary Koro-like symptoms will also fade. Additional investigation on the prevalence, pathogenesis, factors that correlate with treatment efficacy are needed to fully understand Koro syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of AnesthesiologyLouisiana State University Health
| | - Brian E. Blick
- Department of AnesthesiologyLouisiana State University Health
| | | | - Hirni Y. Patel
- Department of AnesthesiologyLouisiana State University Health
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of AnesthesiologyLouisiana State University Health,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
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Pei WH, Huang YF, Xie Y, Qu Y, He F, Zhou H. The Metabolic Pathways and Products of Ten Aconitum Alkaloids in Sanwujiao Pills from Eight Organs of Mice by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:290-302. [PMID: 37151055 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230505122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanwujiao pill (SWJP) is a Chinese herbal preparation widely used in China. It is an essential medicine for treating rheumatism and blood stasis. However, its safety in clinical use has always been the focus of patients because it contains toxic herbs of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. and A. vilmorinianum Kom. OBJECTIVE To further reveal the pharmaceutical and toxic effect substances and the action mechanism of SWJPs, the metabolites and their pathways of ten Aconitum alkaloids (AAs) in the preparation at different time points after oral administration in eight organs of mice were investigated. METHOD The biosamples were investigated by a four-step strategy of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS /MS technology. RESULTS Aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA), and hypaconitine (HA) were not detected in any organs. The highest concentrations of the other seven AAs occurred at 0.5 h. Yunaconitine (YAC) was not detected in the brain; all seven AAs had the lowest concentration in the brain, and the metabolism was slow in the stomach. Twelve predicted metabolites were identified, the kidney and stomach were their primary distribution locations, and the most metabolites were found at 0.5h. The main metabolic pathways of the ten AAs were demethylation, deethylation, deoxygenation, hydroxylation, and deacetylation. CONCLUSION This is the first report about the metabolism of ten AAs in SWJPs in mice. Significantly, the metabolic pathways and products of four hidden toxic AAs were analyzed in vivo for the first time. The results were of great significance for the safety and effectiveness of SWJPs in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Han Pei
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial, Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial, Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Fan He
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial, Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial, Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
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Beal T, Ortenzi F. Corrigendum: Priority micronutrient density in foods. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1195752. [PMID: 37113288 PMCID: PMC10126828 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1195752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.806566.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Beal
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ty Beal
| | - Flaminia Ortenzi
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Jaiswal V, Lee HJ. Antioxidant Activity of Urtica dioica: An Important Property Contributing to Multiple Biological Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552702 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urtica dioica (UD) is a multi-functional plant known to be used as both food and medicine from ancient times. The plant has the potential to be used as a fertilizer and for biological pest control. It is also used in textile and related industries for its quality fibers. In the recent past, the plant has received great attention for its numerous important biological activities and food applications. The antioxidant activity of UD is the crucial factor supporting its important biological activities, such as anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The antioxidant activity of UD is also found to be protective in different organs, including the brain, liver, lungs, kidney, ovary, and uterus, and may also be protective against diseases associated with these organs. Few clinical studies have endorsed the antioxidant potential of UD in patients. The current work is an attempt to comprehensively compile and discuss the antioxidant activity of UD from in vitro, in vivo and human studies. The insights of the current study would be helpful in getting a panoramic view of the antioxidant potential of UD, and provide direction for optimizing and developing it for therapeutic applications against important diseases and conditions in the near future.
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22
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Karas D, Bužga M, Stejskal D, Kocna P, Holéczy P, Novotná A, Švagera Z. Breath Tests Used in the Context of Bariatric Surgery. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123170. [PMID: 36553178 PMCID: PMC9777764 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the use of breath tests in the field of bariatrics and obesitology. The first part of the review is an introduction to breath test problematics with a focus on their use in bariatrics. The second part provides a brief history of breath testing. Part three describes how breath tests are used for monitoring certain processes in various organs and various substances in exhaled air and how the results are analyzed and evaluated. The last part covers studies that described the use of breath tests for monitoring patients that underwent bariatric treatments. Although the number of relevant studies is small, this review could promote the future use of breath testing in the context of bariatric treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Karas
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Bužga
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Fráni Šrámka 3, 709 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - David Stejskal
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kocna
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Holéczy
- Department of Surgery, Vítkovice Hospital, Zalužanského 1192/15, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Novotná
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Švagera
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Di H, Cui C, Fang P, Ma J, He M, Li M, Lu W, Zhang F, Zheng Y. Variation in the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity of different organs of Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum) from two producing areas. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1043378. [PMID: 36388524 PMCID: PMC9643873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum), also known as Japanese horseradish, is a perennial herb widely used in Japanese cuisine for its special flavour. The health-promoting phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of four organs (leaf, petiole, rhizome, and root) of two cultivars (Chuankui-1 and Chuankui-2) of wasabi from two producing areas, Leibo and Guangyuan in Sichuan Province, China, were investigated in this study. The results showed that leaves were rich in pigments, soluble protein, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics and had the highest antioxidant capacity. Soluble sugars were highest in the petioles and were 1.1- to 5-fold higher than those in the other three organs. Glucosinolates and glucosinolate breakdown products (GBPs) were the most abundant in rhizomes, and their maximum values were 271.61 mmol kg-1 DW and 249.78 mmol kg-1 DW, respectively. The rhizomes of Chuankui-1 in Leibo and the leaves of Chuankui-1 in Guangyuan were superior in terms of glucosinolates and GBPs. These findings provide new insights that will aid the use of wasabi cultivars; they also have implications for the environmental characteristics needed to obtain better quality wasabi products. In the future, metabolome and transcriptome can be used to analyze the potential mechanism of differences among typical varieties, origins and parts.
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Tahmasbpour Marzouni E, Stern C, Henrik Sinclair A, Tucker EJ. Stem Cells and Organs-on-chips: New Promising Technologies for Human Infertility Treatment. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:878-906. [PMID: 34967858 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Having biological children remains an unattainable dream for most couples with reproductive failure or gonadal dysgenesis. The combination of stem cells with gene editing technology and organ-on-a-chip models provides a unique opportunity for infertile patients with impaired gametogenesis caused by congenital disorders in sex development or cancer survivors. But how will these technologies overcome human infertility? This review discusses the regenerative mechanisms, applications, and advantages of different types of stem cells for restoring gametogenesis in infertile patients, as well as major challenges that must be overcome before clinical application. The importance and limitations of in vitro generation of gametes from patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) will be discussed in the context of human reproduction. The potential role of organ-on-a-chip models that can direct differentiation of hiPSC-derived primordial germ cell-like cells to gametes and other reproductive organoids is also explored. These rapidly evolving technologies provide prospects for improving fertility to individuals and couples who experience reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisa Tahmasbpour Marzouni
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Catharyn Stern
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville and Melbourne IVF, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Henrik Sinclair
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Jane Tucker
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Xie H, Li X, Tang Y, Pile Knapp LS, Jin S. Multi-nutrient stoichiometry of Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) saplings: plant organs vary in their response to nitrogen fertilization. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1786-1798. [PMID: 35313354 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) enrichment from excessive fertilization in managed forests affects biogeochemical cycles on multiple scales, but our knowledge of how N availability shifts multi-nutrient stoichiometries (including macronutrients: N, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and micronutrients: manganese, iron and zinc) within and among organs (root, stem and leaf) remains limited. To understand the difference among organs in terms of multi-nutrient stoichiometric homeostasis responding to N fertilization, a six-level N supply experiment was conducted through a hydroponic system to examine stem growth, multi-nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios in roots, stems and leaves of 2-year-old Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) saplings. Results showed that N supply significantly enhanced leaf length, width, basal diameter and sapling height. Increasing the rates of N also significantly altered multi-nutrient concentrations in roots, stems and leaves. Macronutrients generally respond more positively than micronutrients within organs. Among organs, leaves and stems generally responded more actively to N supply than roots. The stoichiometric ratios of nutrients within different organs changed significantly with N supply, but their direction and degree of change varied by organ. Specifically, increased N supply reduced the ratios of both macronutrients and micronutrients to N in plant organs, while increased N supply elevated the ratios of P to other nutrients. With N fertilization, ratios of micronutrients decreased in leaves and stems and increased in roots. In particular, leaf N and stem Mn stoichiometries responded strongly to N availability, indicating stimulated N uptake but a decreased risk of Mn2+ accumulation to excessive N. Overall, Chinese hickory saplings responded positively to increasing N availability in terms of stem growth, but the multi-nutrient stoichiometric homeostasis was distinctively organ-dependent. These results are expected to enhance our understanding of N-induced changes in homeostasis of multiple nutrients at the organ level and may offer new insights into how plants adapt to increasing N fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Xie
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Lauren S Pile Knapp
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 202 ABNR Building, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
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Beal T, Ortenzi F. Corrigendum: Priority Micronutrient Density in Foods. Front Nutr 2022; 9:908592. [PMID: 35548574 PMCID: PMC9084452 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.908592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ty Beal
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Flaminia Ortenzi
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zuccarello P, Carnazza G, Raffino C, Barbera N. Diagnosis of lethal cyanide poisoning. Analysis by Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1617-1623. [PMID: 35478404 PMCID: PMC9322444 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is a poison widely used in cases of suicide or homicide. Although various methods to identify and quantify this substance are reported in the literature, they are mainly validated on biological fluids (e.g., blood and urine). In the present study, the Anion‐Exchange Liquid Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (IC‐PAD) method was validated on blood and, for the first time, on gastric content, and organs (brain, lung, and liver). For each matrix, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), matrix interferences, and carryover were assessed. The samples were extracted by steam distillation in acid environment for the following analysis by IC‐PAD. Furthermore, cyanide values found in two real poisoning cases are reported. For each investigated matrix, the analytical method satisfied all acceptance criteria for validation: it showed a good precision and accuracy, selectivity, and sensitivity with no carryover and matrix interference. The extraction by steam distillation in acid environment REDUCED the interference of the matrices and ALLOWED to perform the analysis with good precision and accuracy. In case #1, analysis showed a blood cyanide concentration of 0.99 μg/ml. In case #2, cyanide concentrations were 1.3 μg/g in brain, 0.8 μg/g in lung, 1.6 μg/g in liver, and 1.2 μg/g in gastric content. The cyanide concentrations found in the two reported cases have been suitable to cause death by poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Zuccarello
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Carnazza
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Nunziata Barbera
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a representative inflammatory skin disease occupied by large surface involvement. As inflammatory cells and cytokines can systemically circulate in various organs, it has been speculated that psoriatic skin inflammation influences the systemic dysfunction of various organs. Recent updates of clinical studies and experimental studies showed the important interaction of psoriasis to systemic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the importance of systemic therapy in severe psoriasis is also highlighted to prevent the development of systemic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we introduced representative systemic inflammatory diseases associated with psoriasis and the detailed molecular mechanisms.
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Abstract
Background Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the density of these micronutrients and their bioavailability across diverse foods and the suitability of these foods to help meet requirements for populations with high burdens of micronutrient malnutrition. Objective We aimed to identify the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health, to support efforts to reduce micronutrient malnutrition among various populations globally. Methods We built an aggregated global food composition database and calculated recommended nutrient intakes for five population groups with varying requirements. An approach was developed to rate foods according to their density in each and all priority micronutrients for various population groups with different nutrient requirements. Results We find that the top sources of priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, goat, beef, eggs, milk, canned fish with bones, mutton, and lamb. Cheese, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, and to a lesser extent, yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, teff, and canned fish without bones. Conclusion The results provide insight into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Beal
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Flaminia Ortenzi
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Geneva, Switzerland
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Roy MK, La Carpia F, Cendali F, Fernando S, Moriconi C, Wojczyk BS, Wang L, Nemkov T, Hod EA, D’Alessandro A. Irradiation Causes Alterations of Polyamine, Purine, and Sulfur Metabolism in Red Blood Cells and Multiple Organs. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:519-534. [PMID: 35043621 PMCID: PMC8855667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the metabolic effects of radiation is critical to understand the impact of radiotherapy, space travel, and exposure to environmental radiation. In patients undergoing hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, iron overload is a common risk factor for poor outcomes. However, no studies have interrogated the multiorgan effects of these treatments concurrently. Herein, we use a model that recapitulates transfusional iron overload, a condition often observed in chronically transfused patients. We applied an omics approach to investigate the impact of both the iron load and irradiation on the host metabolome. The results revealed dose-dependent effects of irradiation in the red blood cells, plasma, spleen, and liver energy and redox metabolism. Increases in polyamines and purine salvage metabolites were observed in organs with high oxygen consumption including the heart, kidneys, and brain. Irradiation also impacted the metabolism of the duodenum, colon, and stool, suggesting a potential effect on the microbiome. Iron infusion affected the response to radiation in the organs and blood, especially in erythrocyte polyamines and spleen antioxidant metabolism, and affected glucose, methionine, and glutathione systems and tryptophan metabolism in the liver, stool, and the brain. Together, the results suggest that radiation impacts metabolism on a multiorgan level with a significant interaction of the host iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Kalani Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | | | - Francesca Cendali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | | | - Chiara Moriconi
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | | | - Lin Wang
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Eldad A Hod
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA 80045,Corresponding authors: Angelo D’Alessandro, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, Phone # 303-724-0096,
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Sun H, Zhang Z, Qian H, Zhao X, He H, Zhang L. Glucosinolate Profiles in Different Organs of 111 Radish Accessions and Candidate Genes Involved in Converting Glucobrassicin to 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:488-497. [PMID: 34985889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolate (GSL) not only has highly physiological function for plants but also has considerable human interest. We analyzed the GSL compositions and levels in four organs of 111 radish accessions. Seven major GSLs were detected (approximately 5-245 μmol g-1 DW), among which 4-(methylsulfinyl)but-3-enyl GSL and 4-methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl GSL were the dominant GSLs. GSL levels varied substantially among species and groups, and some genotypes/groups with special GSL profiles were identified. The total GSL level was higher in seeds than in sprouts, taproots, and leaves. Additionally, a correlation analysis revealed that seed 4-(methylsulfinyl)but-3-enyl GSL levels were highly correlated with sprout GSL levels. Moreover, a candidate gene (RsCYP81F2.3) encoding an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of indol-3-ylmethyl GSL to 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL was identified based on the detection and analysis of three radish accessions with relatively high indol-3-ylmethyl GSL, low 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL, and 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL levels in their seeds. Our results provide some insights for finding materials and genes relevant for breeding new varieties with ideal GSL compositions and levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qingbiao Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huihui Qian
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongju He
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Antioxidants are substances that can deactivate free radicals. Phenol and flavonoid are antioxidant compounds widely found in plants, including purple sweet potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> L.). This research aimed to investigate three purple sweet potato-based organs' antioxidative activity and flavonoid contents. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Antioxidative activities, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were performed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Pearson's method analyzed the correlation of TPC and TFC with antioxidative activities and the correlation between two antioxidative testing methods. <b>Results:</b> Antioxidative activity of three organs purple sweet potato using DPPH method showed values varied from 6.572-290.894 mg AAE g<sup>1</sup> and using CUPRAC method varied from 25.169-621.254 mg AAE g<sup>1</sup>. The highest TPC was found in ethanolic leaves extract (20.885 g GAE 100 g<sup>1</sup>), while the highest TFC was found in ethyl acetate leaves extract (10.048 g QE 100 g<sup>1</sup>). <b>Conclusion:</b> DPPH and CUPRAC tests revealed that purple sweet potato leaves, stem and tuber extracts were potent antioxidants. The potential antioxidative activity was found in the waste product of purple sweet potatoes (leaves and stem). Phenol and flavonoid compounds had contributors to antioxidative activity. DPPH and CUPRAC methods gave linear results for most of the antioxidative activity in three organs of purple sweet potato. Ethanol stem extract contained luteolin 7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin. Rutin had the highest content, which was 0.399%.
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Mercuri ND, Cox BJ. The need for more research into reproductive health and disease. eLife 2022; 11:75061. [PMID: 36511240 PMCID: PMC9771341 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive diseases have a significant impact on human health, especially on women's health: endometriosis affects 10% of all reproductive-aged women but is often undiagnosed for many years, and preeclampsia claims over 70,000 maternal and 500,000 neonatal lives every year. Infertility rates are also rising. However, relatively few new treatments or diagnostics for reproductive diseases have emerged in recent decades. Here, based on analyses of PubMed, we report that the number of research articles published on non-reproductive organs is 4.5 times higher than the number published on reproductive organs. Moreover, for the two most-researched reproductive organs (breast and prostate), the focus is on non-reproductive diseases such as cancer. Further, analyses of grant databases maintained by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the National Institutes of Health in the United States show that the number of grants for research on non-reproductive organs is 6-7 times higher than the number for reproductive organs. Our results suggest that there are too few researchers working in the field of reproductive health and disease, and that funders, educators and the research community must take action to combat this longstanding disregard for reproductive science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian J Cox
- Department of Physiology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
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Lindemann CB. The flagellar germ-line hypothesis: How flagellate and ciliate gametes significantly shaped the evolution of organismal complexity. Bioessays 2021; 44:e2100143. [PMID: 34967029 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This essay presents a hypothesis which contends that the development of organismic complexity in the eukaryotes depended extensively on propagation via flagellated and ciliated gametes. Organisms utilizing flagellate and ciliate gametes to propagate their germ line have contributed most of the organismic complexity found in the higher animals. The genes of the flagellum and the flagellar assembly system (intraflagellar transport) have played a disproportionately important role in the construction of complex tissues and organs. The hypothesis also proposes that competition between large numbers of haploid flagellated male gametes rigorously conserved the functionality of a key set of flagellar genes for more than 700 million years. This in turn has insured that a large set (>600) of highly functional cytoskeletal and signal pathway genes is always present in the lineage of organisms with flagellated or ciliated gametes to act as a dependable resource, or "toolkit," for organ elaboration.
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Bzdil J, Zouharova M, Nedbalcova K, Sladecek V, Senk D, Holy O. Oxacillin (Methicillin) Resistant Staphylococci in Domestic Animals in the Czech Republic. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121585. [PMID: 34959540 PMCID: PMC8706185 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of different Staphylococcus species isolated from pathological processes and lesions in domestic animals in the Czech Republic and to detect and describe oxacillin (methicillin)-resistant strains (MRS). During the years 2019–2020, a total of 5218 veterinary clinical samples from the Czech Republic were tested. Testing was performed by culture methods and typing by molecular phenotypic methods MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the strains was performed by the disk diffusion method. A total of 854 staphylococci strains were identified (16.37% prevalence), out of which 43 strains of 6 species of staphylococci were MRS (n = 43; 0.82% prevalence). Of the MRS strains, the most prevalent species were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 24; 0.46% prevalence) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7; 0.13% prevalence). Susceptibility testing showed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and, depending on the species, also to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and enrofloxacin. For further characterization of MRS, PCR assay for virulence factor genes was performed. Seven of the 14 target genes were observed only in S. aureus, except for the eno gene encoding laminin-binding protein, which was also detected in other staphylococci. It is necessary to emphasize the issue of correct using of antimicrobials in practice and antibiotic policy in university teaching and to create stricter legislation that would prevent the widespread use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, especially in livestock to reduce the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Vladimir Sladecek
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Ondrej Holy
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-585632818
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Maitz A, Haussner F, Braumüller S, Hoffmann A, Lupu L, Wachter U, Radermacher P, Braun CK, Wilke HJ, Vogt M, Ignatius A, Halbgebauer R, Bettac L, Barth TFE, Huber-Lang M, Palmer A. Temporal-spatial organ response after blast-induced experimental blunt abdominal trauma. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22038. [PMID: 34748229 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100995r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal trauma (AT) is of major global importance, particularly with the increased potential for civil, terroristic, and military trauma. The injury pattern and systemic consequences of blunt abdominal injuries are highly variable and frequently underestimated or even missed, and the pathomechanisms remain still poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the temporal-spatial organ and immune response after a standardized blast-induced blunt AT. Anesthetized mice were exposed to a single blast wave centered on the epigastrium. At 2, 6, or 24 h after trauma, abdominal organ damage was assessed macroscopically, microscopically, and biochemically. A higher degree of trauma severity, determined by a reduction of the distance between the epigastrium and blast inductor, was reflected by a reduced survival rate. The hemodynamic monitoring during the first 120 min after AT revealed a decline in the mean arterial pressure within the first 80 min, whereas the heart rate remained quite stable. AT induced a systemic damage and inflammatory response, evidenced by elevated HMGB-1 and IL-6 plasma levels. The macroscopic injury pattern of the abdominal organs (while complex) was consistent, with the following frequency: liver > pancreas > spleen > left kidney > intestine > right kidney > others > lungs and was reflected by microscopic liver and pancreas damages. Plasma levels of organ dysfunction markers increased during the first 6 h after AT and subsequently declined, indicating an early, temporal impairment of the function on a multi-organ level. The established highly reproducible murine blunt AT, with time- and trauma-severity-dependent organ injury patterns, systemic inflammatory response, and impairment of various organ functions, reflects characteristics of human AT. In the future, this model may help to study the complex immuno-pathophysiological consequences and innovative therapeutic approaches after blunt AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maitz
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Haussner
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sonja Braumüller
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludmila Lupu
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wachter
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian K Braun
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wilke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Morten Vogt
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucas Bettac
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Albalat E, Cavey T, Leroyer P, Ropert M, Balter V, Loréal O. H fe Gene Knock-Out in a Mouse Model of Hereditary Hemochromatosis Affects Bodily Iron Isotope Compositions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:711822. [PMID: 34722560 PMCID: PMC8554230 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.711822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic iron overload disease related to a mutation within the HFE gene that controls the expression of hepcidin, the master regulator of systemic iron metabolism. The natural stable iron isotope composition in whole blood of control subjects is different from that of hemochromatosis patients and is sensitive to the amount of total iron removed by the phlebotomy treatment. The use of stable isotopes to unravel the pathological mechanisms of iron overload diseases is promising but hampered by the lack of data in organs involved in the iron metabolism. Here, we use Hfe -/- mice, a model of hereditary hemochromatosis, to study the impact of the knock-out on iron isotope compositions of erythrocytes, spleen and liver. Iron concentration increases in liver and red blood cells of Hfe -/- mice compared to controls. The iron stable isotope composition also increases in liver and erythrocytes, consistent with a preferential accumulation of iron heavy isotopes in Hfe -/- mice. In contrast, no difference in the iron concentration nor isotope composition is observed in spleen of Hfe -/- and control mice. Our results in mice suggest that the observed increase of whole blood isotope composition in hemochromatosis human patients does not originate from, but is aggravated by, bloodletting. The subsequent rapid increase of whole blood iron isotope composition of treated hemochromatosis patients is rather due to the release of hepatic heavy isotope-enriched iron than augmented iron dietary absorption. Further research is required to uncover the iron light isotope component that needs to balance the accumulation of hepatic iron heavy isotope, and to better understand the iron isotope fractionation associated to metabolism dysregulation during hereditary hemochromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Albalat
- CNRS UMR 5276, LGL-TPE, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thibault Cavey
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAe, UMR 1241, Plateforme AEM2, CHU Pontchaillou, Institut Nutrition Metabolisms et Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | - Patricia Leroyer
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAe, UMR 1241, Plateforme AEM2, CHU Pontchaillou, Institut Nutrition Metabolisms et Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAe, UMR 1241, Plateforme AEM2, CHU Pontchaillou, Institut Nutrition Metabolisms et Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Balter
- CNRS UMR 5276, LGL-TPE, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAe, UMR 1241, Plateforme AEM2, CHU Pontchaillou, Institut Nutrition Metabolisms et Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
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Garagna S, Cebral E, Aréchaga J, Zuccotti M. Editorial: 3D Modelling of Mammalian Embryos and Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:763008. [PMID: 34631724 PMCID: PMC8493065 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.763008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Garagna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Cebral
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Aréchaga
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maurizio Zuccotti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Hemida MBM, Salin S, Vuori KA, Moore R, Anturaniemi J, Rosendahl S, Barrouin-Melo SM, Hielm-Björkman A. Puppyhood diet as a factor in the development of owner-reported allergy/atopy skin signs in adult dogs in Finland. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2374-2383. [PMID: 34258795 PMCID: PMC8478020 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs necessitates research in its disease etiology. OBJECTIVES To explore the association between puppyhood dietary exposures and prevalence of owner-reported allergy/atopy skin signs (AASS) after the age of 1 year. ANIMALS Four thousand and twenty-two dogs were eligible, 1158 cases, and 2864 controls. METHODS This cross-sectional hypothesis-driven observational study was extracted from the DogRisk food frequency questionnaire. Forty-six food items and the ratio of 4 major diet types were tested for their association with AASS incidence later in life. Potential puppyhood dietary risk factors for AASS incidence were specified using binary multivariable logistic regression. The model was adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Eating raw tripe (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals OR, 95% CI = 0.36, 0.16-0.79; P = .01), raw organ meats (OR, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.08-0.67; P = .007), human meal leftovers, and fish oil supplements as well as eating more that 20% of the diet as raw and/or <80% of the diet as dry, in general, were associated with significantly lower AASS incidence in adulthood. In contrast, dogs fed fruits (OR, 95% CI = 2.01, 1.31-3.07; P = .001), mixed-oil supplements, dried animal parts, and dogs that drank from puddles showed significantly higher AASS incidence in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Puppyhood exposure to raw animal-based foods might have a protective influence on AASS incidence in adulthood, while puppyhood exposure to mixed oils, heat processed foods and sugary fruits might be a potential risk factor of AASS incidence later. The study suggests a causal relationship but does not prove it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal B M Hemida
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Siru Salin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina A Vuori
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robin Moore
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Anturaniemi
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Rosendahl
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Szabó J, Maróti G, Solymosi N, Andrásofszky E, Tuboly T, Bersényi A, Bruckner G, Hullár I. Fructose, glucose and fat interrelationships with metabolic pathway regulation and effects on the gut microbiota. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:134-156. [PMID: 34224398 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this 30-day feeding study was to elucidate the changes, correlations, and mechanisms caused by the replacement of the starch content of the AIN-93G diet (St) with glucose (G), fructose (F) or lard (L) in body and organ weights, metabolic changes and caecal microbiota composition in rats (Wistar, SPF). The body weight gain of rats on the F diet was 12% less (P = 0.12) than in the St group. Rats on the L diet consumed 18.6% less feed, 31% more energy and gained 58.4% more than the animals on the St diet, indicating that, in addition to higher energy intake, better feed utilisation is a key factor in the obesogenic effect of diets of high nutrient and energy density. The G, F and L diets significantly increased the lipid content of the liver (St: 7.01 ± 1.48; G: 14.53 ± 8.77; F: 16.73 ± 8.77; L: 19.86 ± 4.92% of DM), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the liver is not a fructose-specific process. Relative to the St control, specific glucose effects were the decreasing serum glucagon (-41%) concentrations and glucagon/leptin ratio and the increasing serum leptin concentrations (+26%); specific fructose effects were the increased weights of the kidney, spleen, epididymal fat and the decreased weight of retroperitoneal fat and the lower immune response, as well as the increased insulin (+26%), glucagon (+26%) and decreased leptin (-25%) levels. This suggests a mild insulin resistance and catabolic metabolism in F rats. Specific lard effects were the decreased insulin (-9.14%) and increased glucagon (+40.44%) and leptin (+44.92%) levels. Relative to St, all diets increased the operational taxonomic units of the phylum Bacteroidetes. G and L decreased, while F increased the proportion of Firmicutes. F and L diets decreased the proportions of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Correlation and centrality analyses were conducted to ascertain the positive and negative correlations and relative weights of the 32 parameters studied in the metabolic network. These correlations and the underlying potential mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Szabó
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- 2Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- 3Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Andrásofszky
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tuboly
- 4Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bersényi
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Geza Bruckner
- 5Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - István Hullár
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Despite mounting evidence demonstrating the significance of inflammation in the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure (HF), most large clinical trials that target the inflammatory responses in HF yielded neutral or even worsening outcomes. Further in-depth understanding about the roles of inflammation in the pathogenesis of HF is eagerly needed. This review summarizes cytokines, cardiac infiltrating immune cells, and extracardiac organs that orchestrate the complex inflammatory responses in HF and highlights emerging therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Brown JL, Lawrence MM, Borowik A, Oliver L, Peelor FF, Van Remmen H, Miller BF. Tumor burden negatively impacts protein turnover as a proteostatic process in noncancerous liver, heart, and muscle, but not brain. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:72-82. [PMID: 34013745 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors are more susceptible to pathologies such as hypertension, liver disease, depression, and coronary artery disease when compared with individuals who have never been diagnosed with cancer. Therefore, it is important to understand how tumor burden negatively impacts nontumor-bearing tissues that may impact future disease susceptibility. We hypothesized that the energetic costs of a tumor would compromise proteostatic maintenance in other tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if tumor burden changes protein synthesis and proliferation rates in heart, brain, and liver. One million Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, sham) were injected into the hind flank of female mice at ∼4.5 mo of age, and the tumor developed for 3 wk. Rates of proliferation and protein synthesis were measured in heart, brain, liver, and tumor tissue. Compared with sham, rates of protein synthesis (structural/nuclear, cytosolic, mitochondrial, and collagen) relative to proliferation were lower in the heart and liver of LLC mice, but higher in the brain of LLC mice. In the tumor tissue, the ratio of protein synthesis to DNA synthesis was approximately 1.0 showing that protein synthesis in the tumor was used for proliferation with little proteostatic maintenance. We further provide evidence that the differences in tissue responses may be due to energetic stress. We concluded that the decrease in proteostatic maintenance in liver, heart, and muscle might contribute to the increased risk of disease in cancer survivors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present data showing that simultaneously measuring protein synthesis and cell proliferation can help in the understanding of protein turnover as a proteostatic process in response to tumor burden. In some tissues, like hepatic, cardiac, and skeletal muscle, there was a decrease in the protein to DNA synthesis ratio indicating less proteostatic maintenance. In contrast, the brain maintained or even increased this protein to DNA synthesis ratio indicating more proteostatic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Brown
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Marcus M Lawrence
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah
| | - Agnieszka Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Lauren Oliver
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Fredrick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Cygan-Szczegielniak D. The Levels of Mineral Elements and Toxic Metals in the Longissimus lumborum Muscle, Hair and Selected Organs of Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus L.) in Poland. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1231. [PMID: 33923214 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The relationships between nutritive elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Ca and Mg) and toxic metals (Pb and Cd) can inform the assessment of health status of red deer, which are exposed to pollution in their natural environment. These elements in the longissimus lumborum muscle, hair and selected organs of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) were analysed. The study revealed many significant correlations between the levels of elements and their high variability in individual tissues and organs. The accumulation of a specific metal in a tissue or organ can reduce its concentration in another matrix or promote increased content in another tissue or organ. Abstract The aim of the study was to analyse correlations and variability between the levels of mineral elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Ca and Mg) and toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the longissimus lumborum muscle, hair and selected organs of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). The levels of mineral elements were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The levels of Pb and Cd were analysed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). Of all analysed microelements, the highest concentration (in g·kg−1 of dry weight) was found for Fe in the liver. Considering all macroelements, the highest level was found for K in the longissimus lumborum muscle. Particularly remarkable was the high level of Pb in the muscle and hair of red deer. The level of Cd in the hair was four to five times lower than in other samples. The study revealed many significant correlations between the levels of certain elements in individual tissues and organs. There were significant correlations between Cu-Fe (rxy = 0.650; p ≤ 0.01), Pb-Cu (rxy = −0.863; p ≤ 0.01) and Cd-Ca (rxy = −0.743; p ≤ 0.01) in testicles. For kidneys, a significant negative correlation was found for K and Na (rxy = −0.779; p ≤ 0.01) and for Ca and Cd (rxy = −0.695; p ≤ 0.01), and a positive correlation between Cu and Mn (rxy = 0.693; p ≤ 0.01). In the liver, significant negative correlations were found between Ca-K (rxy = −0.654; p ≤ 0.05), Cd-Fe (rxy = −0.651; p ≤ 0.05) and Pb-Cu (rxy = −0.627; p ≤ 0.05). In the muscle, only single significant correlations were found between Cd and Mn (rxy = 0.648; p ≤ 0.05). The highest number of significant correlations were recorded for the hair, among others between Na-K (rxy = 0.760) and Ca-Zn (rxy = 0.709) at p ≤ 0.01. The study revealed high variability in the levels of mineral elements and selected toxic metals in tissues, organs and hair of red deer. Additionally, this research confirmed that the accumulation of a specific metal in a tissue or organ can reduce its concentration in another matrix or promote its increased content in another tissue or organ.
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Abstract
To date, seven identified coronaviruses (CoVs) have been found to infect humans; of these, three highly pathogenic variants have emerged in the 21st century. The newest member of this group, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected at the end of 2019 in Hubei province, China. Since then, this novel coronavirus has spread worldwide, causing a pandemic; the respiratory disease caused by the virus is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to mild respiratory tract infections and influenza-like illness to severe disease with accompanying lung injury, multiorgan failure, and death. Although the lungs are believed to be the site at which SARS-CoV-2 replicates, infected patients often report other symptoms, suggesting the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, cardiovascular system, kidneys, and other organs; therefore, the following question arises: is COVID-19 a respiratory or systemic disease? This review aims to summarize existing data on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in different tissues in both patients and ex vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Synowiec
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Szczepański
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Emilia Barreto-Duran
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laurensius Kevin Lie
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Shumakova AA, Shipelin VA, Trusov NV, Gmoshinski IV. Content of essential and toxic trace elements in organs of obese Wistar and Zucker lepr fa rats receiving quercetin. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126687. [PMID: 33290928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The levels of a number of essential and toxic trace elements in organs and tissues are affected by the disruptions in body homeostasis caused by obesity. Some of these elements may also be influenced by the consumption of biologically active substances of polyphenolic origin, which possess potent abilities to complex with transition metal ions. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the content of essential and toxic trace elements in Wistar outbred and hereditary obese Zucker Leprfa (Z) rats consuming a standard balanced diet or hypercaloric diet with excess fat and fructose, supplemented with quercetin or not supplemented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar and Z rats were fed a control AIN-93M-based semi-synthetic diet or a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD, with 30% fat by weight and 20% fructose provided in the drinking water). A portion of the animals in each line and diet group was administered quercetin at 50 mg/kg body weight. Essential trace elements were included in the diets as a high-purity salt mixture. After the termination of feeding on day 63, the livers, kidneys, and brains of the rats were excised and the content of 16 elements (Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, Co, Se, Zn, Cr, Ni, Al, Cd, As, Pb, V, Cs, and Ag) was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS In the livers of the Z rats, the contents of Co, Zn, Mg, Fe, Se, and V were reduced and the content of Cr was increased compared to that of the Wistar rats. Supplementation with quercetin significantly decreased liver Fe, V, and Se content, which was more noticeable in the Wistar rats than in the Z rats. In kidneys of Z rats consuming control diet, the contents of Co, Cu, and Cs were decreased whereas those of Ni, Al, and Se were increased compared with the contents in the Wistar rats. The same trend was observed with HFCD feeding except for Cs content. Quercetin reduced kidney V content in both rat lines fed both diets, whereas it reduced Se and Cs only in the Z rats fed control diet. In the brains of the Z rats, a large increase was observed in some trace elements including Pb, Cd, Al, Cr, Ni, Fe, and V compared with the levels in the Wistar rat brains. Supplementation of the control diet with quercetin decreased Al and Ni in the brains of the Z rats. CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the mineral content of organs between the Wistar and Z rats, with different propensities for obesity. Moreover some of these effects had no straightforward association with decreased feed consumption or hepatic fat accumulation. When introduced into the diets, quercetin affected the content of essential and toxic elements, but with ambiguous physiological significance. Thus, indicators of essential and toxic trace elements deserve to be used in the protocols of preclinical as well as clinical trials of biologically active substances and food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina A Shumakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240, Moscow, Ustyinsky proezd, 2/14, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240, Moscow, Ustyinsky proezd, 2/14, Russia; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093, Moscow, Stremyannyy per.,36, Russia.
| | - Nikita V Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240, Moscow, Ustyinsky proezd, 2/14, Russia.
| | - Ivan V Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240, Moscow, Ustyinsky proezd, 2/14, Russia.
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Dhanji-Rapkova M, Turner AD, Baker-Austin C, Huggett JF, Ritchie JM. Distribution of Tetrodotoxin in Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas). Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020084. [PMID: 33540777 PMCID: PMC7913107 DOI: 10.3390/md19020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A potent and heat-stable tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been found to accumulate in various marine bivalve species, including Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), raising a food safety concern. While several studies on geographical occurrence of TTX have been conducted, there is a lack of knowledge about the distribution of the toxin within and between bivalves. We, therefore, measured TTX in the whole flesh, mantle, gills, labial palps, digestive gland, adductor muscle and intravalvular fluid of C. gigas using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Weekly monitoring during summer months revealed the highest TTX concentrations in the digestive gland (up to 242 µg/kg), significantly higher than in other oyster tissues. Intra-population variability of TTX, measured in the whole flesh of each of twenty animals, reached 46% and 32% in the two separate batches, respectively. In addition, an inter-population study was conducted to compare TTX levels at four locations within the oyster production area. TTX concentrations in the whole flesh varied significantly between some of these locations, which was unexplained by the differences in weight of flesh. This is the first study examining TTX distribution in C. gigas and the first confirmation of the preferential accumulation of TTX in oyster digestive gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dhanji-Rapkova
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.D.T.); (C.B.-A.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.D.-R.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Andrew D. Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.D.T.); (C.B.-A.)
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.D.T.); (C.B.-A.)
| | - Jim F. Huggett
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LY, UK
| | - Jennifer M. Ritchie
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.D.-R.); (J.M.R.)
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Abstract
"Opt-out" organ procurement policies based on presumed consent are typically advertised as being superior to "opt-in" policies based on explicit consent at securing organs for transplantation. However, Michael Gill (2004) has argued that presumed consent policies are also better than opt-in policies at respecting patient autonomy. According to Gill's Fewer Mistakes Argument, we ought to implement the procurement policy that results in the fewest frustrated wishes regarding organ donation. Given that the majority of Americans wish to donate their organs, it is plausible that a presumed consent policy would result in fewer frustrated wishes compared to the current opt-in policy. It follows that we ought to implement a policy of presumed consent. In this paper, I first consider and find wanting an objection to the Fewer Mistakes Argument developed recently by Douglas MacKay (2015). I also consider an objection put forth by James Taylor (2012) but argue that there is a methodological reason to prefer my own argument to Taylor's. Finally, I argue for two theses: first, that Gill's major argument in favor of the crucial premise of the Fewer Mistakes Argument is flawed, and second, that the major premise of the Fewer Mistakes Argument is false.
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Sartini I, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Sitovs A, Lisowski A, Poapolathep A, Giorgi M. Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and tissue residue concentrations after oral administration in Bilgorajska geese. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:193-198. [PMID: 33121260 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1842855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin, a third-generation fluoro-quinolone antimicrobial drug, in geese (n = 26) after either single intravenous or oral administration, and to evaluate the depletion profile in goose muscle, heart, liver, kidney and lung after a single oral dose.2. The pharmacokinetic study involved 16 geese which were randomly divided into two groups (n = 8/group), the first received levofloxacin (2 mg/kg) intravenously while the second was treated with orally (5 mg/kg). The tissue depletion study involved 10 geese which were dosed orally (5 mg/kg) and two animals were killed at different time-points in order to collect the selected tissues. Levofloxacin was quantified in all the matrices tested by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, using a spectrofluorimetric detector. The pharmacokinetics were analysed using a non-compartmental model.3. Plasma concentrations were quantified after up to 24 h in animals administered intravenously and up to 48 h after oral treatment. Levofloxacin was rapidly absorbed after oral administration (Tmax = 0.38 h) showing high bioavailability (95.57 ± 20.61%). The drug showed a moderate volume of distribution (1.40 ± 0.28 ml/g) and rapid clearance (0.28 ± 0.06 ml/g/h). No statistical differences in estimates were found between the two different administration methods (P > 0.05). Drug residues were highest at 6 h and decreased constantly up to 48 h in all the selected tissues. Liver and kidney had the highest levofloxacin concentrations.4. According to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic surrogate index (AUC/MIC) the levofloxacin dose regimen (after oral administration) used in the present study could be active against bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 0.24 μg/ml in geese. In addition, drug accumulation in the liver might be controlled using an estimated preliminary withdrawal time of 90 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - B Łebkowska-Wieruszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Sitovs
- Department of Pharmacology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - A Lisowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Afzal A, Quinton M, Farooque U, Magguilli M. Turquoise Discoloration of Organs on Autopsy Secondary to Treatment of Septic Shock With Methylene Blue. Cureus 2020; 12:e10434. [PMID: 33062547 PMCID: PMC7556683 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock can result from the dissemination of infections and can lead to hypoperfusion secondary to vasodilation. Methylene blue can help stabilize blood pressure refractory to other measures in shock. We report a case of a 58-year-old male who died of septic shock due to Pseudomonas aeroginosa bacteremia secondary to acute folliculitis and epididymo-orchitis. He was given methylene blue for reversal of septic shock but he did not respond and expired. Autopsy findings were significant for bluish-green discoloration of organs, especially the heart, lungs, and brain during prosection secondary to methylene blue treatment. It is important to recognize artifacts of treatment and to discern them from changes due to putrefaction or the classic green pigmentation associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, such as chloronychia. The case report illustrates that circulating methylene blue and its metabolites can accumulate in the organs in a dose-related fashion, imparting an interesting turquoise to dark blue-green pigment during the autopsy. Additional studies are warranted to enable pathologists to differentiate among the pigmentation associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, putrefaction, and methylene blue treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoshia Afzal
- Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Michael Quinton
- Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Umar Farooque
- Neurology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Michael Magguilli
- Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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Dugé de Bernonville T, Maury S, Delaunay A, Daviaud C, Chaparro C, Tost J, O’Connor SE, Courdavault V. Developmental Methylome of the Medicinal Plant Catharanthus roseus Unravels the Tissue-Specific Control of the Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Pathway by DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6028. [PMID: 32825765 PMCID: PMC7503379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces a wide spectrum of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). MIA biosynthesis requires a tightly coordinated pathway involving more than 30 enzymatic steps that are spatio-temporally and environmentally regulated so that some MIAs specifically accumulate in restricted plant parts. The first regulatory layer involves a complex network of transcription factors from the basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH) or AP2 families. In the present manuscript, we investigated whether an additional epigenetic layer could control the organ-, developmental- and environmental-specificity of MIA accumulation. We used Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) together with RNA-seq to identify differentially methylated and expressed genes among nine samples reflecting different plant organs and experimental conditions. Tissue specific gene expression was associated with specific methylation signatures depending on cytosine contexts and gene parts. Some genes encoding key enzymatic steps from the MIA pathway were found to be simultaneously differentially expressed and methylated in agreement with the corresponding MIA accumulation. In addition, we found that transcription factors were strikingly concerned by DNA methylation variations. Altogether, our integrative analysis supports an epigenetic regulation of specialized metabolisms in plants and more likely targeting transcription factors which in turn may control the expression of enzyme-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France;
| | - Stéphane Maury
- INRA, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Alain Delaunay
- INRA, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Environnement, LEE, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, F-92265 Evry, France; (C.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- CNRS, IFREMER, UMR5244 Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnments, Université de Montpellier, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France;
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Environnement, LEE, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, F-92265 Evry, France; (C.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Sarah Ellen O’Connor
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France;
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