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Borowska M, Winiarska H, Dworacka M, Wesołowska A, Dworacki G, Mikołajczak PŁ. The Effect of Homocysteine on the Secretion of Il-1β, Il-6, Il-10, Il-12 and RANTES by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells-An In Vitro Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216671. [PMID: 34771080 PMCID: PMC8588228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contemporary theory of the inflammatory-immunological pathomechanism of atherosclerosis includes the participation of interleukin-1β (Il), Il-6, Il-10, Il-12, RANTES, and homocysteine in this process. The knowledge on the direct effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on inflammatory-state-related atherosclerosis is rather scarce. Our study is the first to account for the effects of homocysteine on the secretion of Il-10 and RANTES in vitro conditions. For this purpose, human mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were cultured in vitro and exposed to homocysteine at high concentrations. Subsequently, the concentrations of cytokines were assayed in the cell culture supernatant using flow cytofluorimetry. It has been shown that, in the presence of homocysteine, the secretion of IL-1, IL-6 and RANTES by PBMNCs was increased, whereas IL-10 concentration was significantly lower than that of the supernatant derived from a mitogen-stimulated cell culture without homocysteine. The secretion of Il-12 by PBMNCs exposed exclusively to mitogen, did not differ from homologous cells also treated with homocysteine. Therefore, in our opinion, high-concentration homocysteine affects the progression of atherosclerosis by increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines secreted by PBMNCs, such as Il-1β, Il-6, RANTES, and by attenuating the secretion of Il-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Borowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna Winiarska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Marzena Dworacka
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Dworacki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Łukasz Mikołajczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
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Henrich IC, Jain K, Young R, Quick L, Lindsay JM, Park DH, Oliveira AM, Blobel GA, Chou MM. Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 6 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Ewing Sarcoma through Immune Activation. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2171-2183. [PMID: 33558334 PMCID: PMC8137534 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second most common pediatric bone cancer, with a 5-year survival rate for metastatic disease of only 20%. Recent work indicates that survival is strongly correlated with high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), whose abundance is associated with IFN-inducible chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5. However, the tumor-intrinsic factors that drive chemokine production and TIL recruitment have not been fully elucidated. We previously showed that ubiquitin-specific protease 6 (USP6) directly deubiquitinates and stabilizes Jak1, thereby inducing an IFN signature in Ewing sarcoma cells. Here, we show that this gene set comprises chemokines associated with immunostimulatory, antitumorigenic functions, including CXCL10 and CCL5. USP6 synergistically enhanced chemokine production in response to exogenous IFN by inducing surface upregulation of IFNAR1 and IFNGR1. USP6-expressing Ewing sarcoma cells stimulated migration of primary human monocytes and T lymphocytes and triggered activation of natural killer (NK) cells in vitro. USP6 inhibited Ewing sarcoma xenograft growth in nude but not NSG mice and was accompanied by increased intratumoral chemokine production and infiltration and activation of NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, consistent with a requirement for innate immune cells in mediating the antitumorigenic effects of USP6. High USP6 expression in patients with Ewing sarcoma was associated with chemokine production, immune infiltration, and improved survival. This work reveals a previously unrecognized tumor-suppressive function for USP6, which engenders an immunostimulatory microenvironment through pleiotropic effects on multiple immune lineages. This further raises the possibility that USP6 activity may be harnessed to create a "hot" tumor microenvironment in immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals a novel tumor-suppressive function for USP6 by inducing an immunostimulatory microenvironment, suggesting that USP6 activity may be exploited to enhance immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Henrich
- Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kanika Jain
- Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Young
- Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Quick
- Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jarrett M Lindsay
- Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H Park
- Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andre M Oliveira
- Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gerd A Blobel
- Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Margaret M Chou
- Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Cai G, Pan S, Feng N, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Bian J. Zearalenone inhibits T cell chemotaxis by inhibiting cell adhesion and migration related proteins. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 175:263-271. [PMID: 30903882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a phenolic resorcylic acid lactone mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species that grow on temperate and tropical crops. The number of reports documenting the immunotoxic effects of ZEA is increasing, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ZEA on T cell chemotaxis and evaluate changes in adhesion and migration proteins associated with this process. Specifically, T cells were isolated from BALB/C mouse splenic lymphocytes, activated by concanavalin A (Con A), and then exposed to different concentrations of ZEA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used observe the ultrastructural changes inside the cell and on the cell surface, respectively. The transwell migration assay was used to evaluate the effect of ZEA on T cell chemotaxis in the presence of CCL19 or CCL21. A confocal 3D laser was used to capture the morphology of perforated cells and western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins associated with cell migration and adhesion. Additionally, we used flow cytometry to examine the expression of chemokine receptors on T cells. Finally, the chemokine (RANTES and MIP-1α) levels secreted by T cells were assessed using cytometric bead array. Overall, our data showed that treatment with ZEA caused ultrastructural damage on the surface as well as inside of T cells. Moreover, ZEA inhibited T cell chemotaxis which was mediated by CCL19 or CCL21 and disrupted the balance of T cell subtypes. The expression of T cell adhesion and migration proteins was also inhibited by ZEA. The expression of T cell chemokine receptor as well as secretion of RANTES and MIP-1α by T cells was suppressed after ZEA treatment. In summary, our results indicate that ZEA reduced the chemotactic effect of T cells mediated by chemokines, which was likely linked to the inhibition of T cell motility and accompanied by decreased expression of adhesion and migration proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunye Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Nannan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Nie Y, Huang H, Guo M, Chen J, Wu W, Li W, Xu X, Lin X, Fu W, Yao Y, Zheng F, Luo ML, Saw PE, Yao H, Song E, Hu H. Breast Phyllodes Tumors Recruit and Repolarize Tumor-Associated Macrophages via Secreting CCL5 to Promote Malignant Progression, Which Can Be Inhibited by CCR5 Inhibition Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3873-3886. [PMID: 30890553 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Breast Tumor Center, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Breast Tumor Center, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Breast Tumor Center, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Oncology, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkui Fu
- Department of Oncology, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Breast Tumor Center, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Li Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Breast Tumor Center, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zheng Z, Yang J, Jiang X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li M, Zhang M, Fu M, Hu K, Wang H, Luo MH, Gong P, Hu Q. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Nonstructural Protein NS5 Induces RANTES Expression Dependent on the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Activity. J Immunol 2018; 201:53-68. [PMID: 29760190 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the flaviviruses that targets the CNS and causes encephalitis in humans. The mechanism of TBEV that causes CNS destruction remains unclear. It has been reported that RANTES-mediated migration of human blood monocytes and T lymphocytes is specifically induced in the brain of mice infected with TBEV, which causes ensuing neuroinflammation and may contribute to brain destruction. However, the viral components responsible for RANTES induction and the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully addressed. In this study, we demonstrate that the NS5, but not other viral proteins of TBEV, induces RANTES production in human glioblastoma cell lines and primary astrocytes. TBEV NS5 appears to activate the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) signaling pathway in a manner dependent on RIG-I/MDA5, which leads to the nuclear translocation of IRF-3 to bind with RANTES promoter. Further studies reveal that the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) but not the RNA cap methyltransferase is critical for TBEV NS5-induced RANTES expression, and this is likely due to RdRP-mediated synthesis of dsRNA. Additional data indicate that the residues at K359, D361, and D664 of TBEV NS5 are critical for RdRP activity and RANTES induction. Of note, NS5s from other flaviviruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, and dengue virus, can also induce RANTES expression, suggesting the significance of NS5-induced RANTES expression in flavivirus pathogenesis. Our findings provide a foundation for further understanding how flaviviruses cause neuroinflammation and a potential viral target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jieyu Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mudan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China; and
| | - Ming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
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Johansen C, Rittig AH, Mose M, Bertelsen T, Weimar I, Nielsen J, Andersen T, Rasmussen TK, Deleuran B, Iversen L. STAT2 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by promoting CXCL11 and CCL5 production by keratinocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176994. [PMID: 28472186 PMCID: PMC5417613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and recently JAK/STAT inhibitors have shown promising results in psoriasis treatment. The present study aimed to characterize the role of STAT2 in psoriasis. We demonstrated an increased expression of STAT2 and an increased level of phosphorylated/activated STAT2 in lesional compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin. Gene silencing of STAT2 by siRNA in human keratinocytes revealed that upon IFNα stimulation CXCL11 and CCL5 were the only two cytokines, among 102 analyzed, found to be regulated through a STAT2-dependent mechanism. Moreover, the regulation of CXCL11 and CCL5 depended on IRF9, but not on STAT1 and STAT6. The CXCL11 and CCL5 expression was increased in lesional compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin, and analysis demonstrated positive correlation between the expression of CXCL11 and IFNγ and between the expression of CCL5 and IFNγ in lesional psoriatic skin. In contrast, no correlation between the expression of CXCL11 and IL-17A and the expression of CCL5 and IL-17A in lesional psoriatic skin was found. Our data suggest that STAT2 plays a role in the psoriasis pathogenesis by regulating the expression of CXCL11 and CCL5, and thereby attracting IFNγ-producing immune cells to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne Hald Rittig
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maike Mose
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine Bertelsen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Isabella Weimar
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Lechner J, Huesker K, Von Baehr V. Impact of Rantes from jawbone on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:321-327. [PMID: 28685531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study elucidates the question of whether chronic inflammation in the jawbone contributes to the development of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Fatty degenerative osteonecrosis in jawbone (FDOJ) may contribute to CFS by induction of inflammatory mediators. We examined seven cytokines by multiplex analysis in jawbone samples from two groups of patients. In order to clarify neurological interrelations, specimens from 21 CFS patients were analyzed from areas of previous surgery in the retromolar wisdom tooth area. Each of the retromolar jawbone samples showed clinically fatty degenerated and osteonecrotic medullary changes. As control, healthy jawbone specimens from 19 healthy patients were analyzed. All fatty necrotic and osteolytic jawbone (FDOJ) samples showed high expression of RANTES and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. FDOJ cohorts showed a 30-fold mean overexpression of RANTES and a 20-fold overexpressed level of FGF-2 when compared to healthy controls. As RANTES is discussed in the literature as a possible contributor to inflammatory diseases, we hypothesize that FDOJ in areas of improper and incomplete wound healing in the jawbone may hyperactivate signaling pathways. Constituting a hidden source of silent inflammation FDOJ may represent a hitherto unknown cause for the development of CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lechner
- Clinic for Integrative Dentistry, Munich, Germany
| | - K Huesker
- Endocrinology and Immunology Department, Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Von Baehr
- Compartment of Immunology and Allergology, Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Berlin, Germany
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Bodet C, Chandad F, Grenier D. Anti-inflammatory Activity of a High-molecular-weight Cranberry Fraction on Macrophages Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharides from Periodontopathogens. J Dent Res 2016; 85:235-9. [PMID: 16498070 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting oral tissues. The continuous, high production of cytokines by host cells triggered by periodontopathogens is thought to be responsible for the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Macrophages play a critical role in this host inflammatory response to periodontopathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non-dialyzable material prepared from cranberry juice concentrate on the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Escherichia coli. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and Regulated on Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) production by macrophages treated with the cranberry fraction prior to stimulation by LPS was evaluated by ELISA. Our results clearly indicate that the cranberry fraction was a potent inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses induced by LPS. This suggests that cranberry constituents may offer perspectives for the development of a new therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bodet
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Edinger N, Lebendiker M, Klein S, Zigler M, Langut Y, Levitzki A. Targeting polyIC to EGFR over-expressing cells using a dsRNA binding protein domain tethered to EGF. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162321. [PMID: 27598772 PMCID: PMC5012564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective delivery of drugs to tumor cells can increase potency and reduce toxicity. In this study, we describe a novel recombinant chimeric protein, dsRBEC, which can bind polyIC and deliver it selectively into EGFR over-expressing tumor cells. dsRBEC, comprises the dsRNA binding domain (dsRBD) of human PKR (hPKR), which serves as the polyIC binding moiety, fused to human EGF (hEGF), the targeting moiety. dsRBEC shows high affinity towards EGFR and triggers ligand-induced endocytosis of the receptor, thus leading to the selective internalization of polyIC into EGFR over-expressing tumor cells. The targeted delivery of polyIC by dsRBEC induced cellular apoptosis and the secretion of IFN-β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. dsRBEC-delivered polyIC is much more potent than naked polyIC and is expected to reduce the toxicity caused by systemic delivery of polyIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nufar Edinger
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mario Lebendiker
- Protein Purification Unit, Wolfson Center for Applied Structural Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Zigler
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Langut
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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10
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Halama N, Zoernig I, Berthel A, Kahlert C, Klupp F, Suarez-Carmona M, Suetterlin T, Brand K, Krauss J, Lasitschka F, Lerchl T, Luckner-Minden C, Ulrich A, Koch M, Weitz J, Schneider M, Buechler MW, Zitvogel L, Herrmann T, Benner A, Kunz C, Luecke S, Springfeld C, Grabe N, Falk CS, Jaeger D. Tumoral Immune Cell Exploitation in Colorectal Cancer Metastases Can Be Targeted Effectively by Anti-CCR5 Therapy in Cancer Patients. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:587-601. [PMID: 27070705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The immune response influences the clinical course of colorectal cancer (CRC). Analyzing the invasive margin of human CRC liver metastases, we identified a mechanism of immune cell exploitation by tumor cells. While two distinct subsets of myeloid cells induce an influx of T cells into the invasive margin via CXCL9/CXCL10, CCL5 is produced by these T cells and stimulates pro-tumoral effects via CCR5. CCR5 blockade in patient-derived functional in vitro organotypic culture models showed a macrophage repolarization with anti-tumoral effects. These anti-tumoral effects were then confirmed in a phase I trial with a CCR5 antagonist in patients with liver metastases of advanced refractory CRC. Mitigation of tumor-promoting inflammation within the tumor tissue and objective tumor responses in CRC were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases, BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Inka Zoernig
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Berthel
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases, BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fee Klupp
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meggy Suarez-Carmona
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Suetterlin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases, BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Brand
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Krauss
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tina Lerchl
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases, BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Luckner-Minden
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Koch
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juergen Weitz
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Buechler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Idar-Oberstein, 55743 Idar Oberstein, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Kunz
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Luecke
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grabe
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases, BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Jaeger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases, BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Schwager J, Richard N, Fowler A, Seifert N, Raederstorff D. Carnosol and Related Substances Modulate Chemokine and Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Chondrocytes. Molecules 2016; 21:465. [PMID: 27070563 PMCID: PMC6274263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic diterpenes present in Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis have anti-inflammatory and chemoprotective effects. We investigated the in vitro effects of carnosol (CL), carnosic acid (CA), carnosic acid-12-methylether (CAME), 20-deoxocarnosol and abieta-8,11,13-triene-11,12,20-triol (ABTT) in murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and human chondrocytes. The substances concentration-dependently reduced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS-stimulated macrophages (i.e., acute inflammation). They significantly blunted gene expression levels of iNOS, cytokines/interleukins (IL-1α, IL-6) and chemokines including CCL5/RANTES, CXCL10/IP-10. The substances modulated the expression of catabolic and anabolic genes in chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 and in primary human chondrocytes that were stimulated by IL-1β (i.e., chronic inflammation In SW1353, catabolic genes like MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 that contribute to cartilage erosion were down-regulated, while expression of anabolic genes including Col2A1 and aggrecan were shifted towards pre-pathophysiological homeostasis. CL had the strongest overall effect on inflammatory mediators, as well as on macrophage and chondrocyte gene expression. Conversely, CAME mainly affected catabolic gene expression, whereas ABTT had a more selectively altered interleukin and chemokine gene exprssion. CL inhibited the IL-1β induced nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65, suggesting that it primarily regulated via the NF-κB signalling pathway. Collectively, CL had the strongest effects on inflammatory mediators and chondrocyte gene expression. The data show that the phenolic diterpenes altered activity pattern of genes that regulate acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Since the substances affected catabolic and anabolic gene expression in cartilage cells in vitro, they may beneficially act on the aetiology of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Schwager
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, P. O. Box 2676, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Richard
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, P. O. Box 2676, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Ann Fowler
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, P. O. Box 2676, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Seifert
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, P. O. Box 2676, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Raederstorff
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, P. O. Box 2676, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
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12
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Frankenberger C, Rabe D, Bainer R, Sankarasharma D, Chada K, Krausz T, Gilad Y, Becker L, Rosner MR. Metastasis Suppressors Regulate the Tumor Microenvironment by Blocking Recruitment of Prometastatic Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4063-73. [PMID: 26238785 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the highest risk of recurrence and metastasis. Because they cannot be treated with targeted therapies, and many do not respond to chemotherapy, they represent a clinically underserved group. TNBC is characterized by reduced expression of metastasis suppressors such as Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), which inhibits tumor invasiveness. Mechanisms by which metastasis suppressors alter tumor cells are well characterized; however, their ability to regulate the tumor microenvironment and the importance of such regulation to metastasis suppression are incompletely understood. Here, we use species-specific RNA sequencing to show that RKIP expression in tumors markedly reduces the number and metastatic potential of infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). TAMs isolated from nonmetastatic RKIP(+) tumors, relative to metastatic RKIP(-) tumors, exhibit a reduced ability to drive tumor cell invasion and decreased secretion of prometastatic factors, including PRGN, and shed TNFR2. RKIP regulates TAM recruitment by blocking HMGA2, resulting in reduced expression of numerous macrophage chemotactic factors, including CCL5. CCL5 overexpression in RKIP(+) tumors restores recruitment of prometastatic TAMs and intravasation, whereas treatment with the CCL5 receptor antagonist Maraviroc reduces TAM infiltration. These results highlight the importance of RKIP as a regulator of TAM recruitment through chemokines such as CCL5. The clinical significance of these interactions is underscored by our demonstration that a signature comprised of RKIP signaling and prometastatic TAM factors strikingly separates TNBC patients based on survival outcome. Collectively, our findings identify TAMs as a previously unsuspected mechanism by which the metastasis-suppressor RKIP regulates tumor invasiveness, and further suggest that TNBC patients with decreased RKIP activity and increased TAM infiltration may respond to macrophage-based therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Chemokine CCL5/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL5/genetics
- Chemokine CCL5/physiology
- Chemokines/physiology
- Chemotaxis
- Cyclohexanes/pharmacology
- Cyclohexanes/therapeutic use
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- HMGA2 Protein/physiology
- Heterografts/immunology
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Maraviroc
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Metastasis/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/drug effects
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Frankenberger
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Rabe
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Russell Bainer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Devipriya Sankarasharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Kiran Chada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Thomas Krausz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lev Becker
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Marsha Rich Rosner
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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13
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Imaizumi T, Aizawa T, Hayakari R, Xing F, Meng P, Tsuruga K, Matsumiya T, Yoshida H, Wang L, Tatsuta T, Tanaka H. Tumor necrosis factor-α synergistically enhances polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced toll-like receptor 3 signaling in cultured normal human mesangial cells: possible involvement in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 19:75-81. [PMID: 24627031 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-0956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM It has been reported that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays dual controversial roles, beneficial or detrimental, in the pathogenesis of murine lupus nephritis (LN). However, its precise role in the development of human LN remains to be determined. METHODS We examine the effect of pretreatment with TNF-α on the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA that makes "pseudoviral" infection in cultured normal human mesangial cells, and analyzed the expression of CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) via TLR3/interferon (IFN)-β/retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) pathway by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We found synergistic effect of TNF-α, even at low level, on the expression of CCL5 induced by poly IC in a concentration-dependent manner, in comparison with that by poly IC alone. Knockdown of either IFN-β or RIG-I decreased CCL5 expression induced by TNF-α followed by poly IC. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with TNF-α leads marked activation of the TLR3/IFN-β/RIG-I/CCL5 axis induced by "pseudoviral" infection. Since chronic local activation of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α in resident renal cells may exist in patients with active lupus, synergistic effect of TNF-α and "pseudoviral" infection is possibly involved in the development of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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14
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-containing bone grafts are useful regenerative materials for oral and maxillofacial surgery; however, several in vitro and in vivo studies previously reported cancer progression-related adverse effects caused by BMP-2. In this study, by quantifying the rhBMP-2 content released from bone grafts, the rhBMP-2 concentration that did not show cytotoxicity in each cell line was determined and applied to the in vitro monoculture or coculture model in the invasion assay. Our results showed that 1 ng/ml rhBMP-2, while not affecting cancer cell viability, significantly increased the invasion ability of the cancer cells cocultured with fibroblasts. Cocultured medium with rhBMP-2 also contained increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases. rhBMP-2-treated cocultured fibroblasts did not show a prominent difference in mRNA expression profile. Some cytokines, however, were detected in the conditioned medium by a human cytokine antibody array. Among them, the cancer invasion-related factor CCL5 was quantified by ELISA. Interestingly, CCL5 neutralizing antibodies significantly reduced the invasion of oral cancer cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that 1 ng/ml rhBMP-2 may induce invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by CCL5 release in coculture models. Therefore, we propose that a careful clinical examination before the use of rhBMP-2-containing biomaterials is indispensable for using rhBMP-2 treatment to prevent cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-joo Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Dental Devices Testing & Evaluation Center, Brain Korea 21 Plus project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Dental Devices Testing & Evaluation Center, Brain Korea 21 Plus project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-nam Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Dental Devices Testing & Evaluation Center, Brain Korea 21 Plus project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kanei A, Asano K, Kanai KI, Furuta A, Sasaki K, Suzaki H. Inhibitory action of levocetirizine on the production of eosinophil chemoattractants RANTES and eotaxin in vitro and in vivo. In Vivo 2014; 28:657-666. [PMID: 24982238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are well known to play essential roles in the development and maintenance of allergic diseases. However, the influence of histamine H1 receptor antagonists on eosinophil functions, especially chemokine production, are not well-defined. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the influence of histamine H1 receptor antagonist on chemokine production by eosinophils through the use of levocetirizine in vitro and in vivo. Eosinophils prepared from mice were stimulated with specific antigens in the presence of different concentrations of levocetirizine. After 24 h, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and eotaxin levels in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis were treated with 5 mg levocetirizine once a day for four weeks during the pollen season (February 2012 to April 2012). RANTES and eotaxin levels in nasal secretions were also examined by ELISA. The addition of levocetirizine to eosinophil cultures caused a dose-dependent decrease in the ability of cells to produce RANTES and eotaxin in response to antigen stimulation, and the minimum concentration that caused a significant decrease was 0.05 μM. Although cetirizine also exerted suppressive effects on the production of RANTES and eotaxin by eosinophils, the minimum concentration that caused significant suppression was 0.15 μM, which was three-times higher than that of levocetirizine. Oral administration of levocetirizine for four weeks also reduced RANTES and eotaxin levels in nasal secretions from patients with pollinosis, along with attenuation of clinical symptoms. The ability of levocetirizine to reduce RANTES and eotaxin levels may account, at least in part, for the clinical efficacy of the agent for allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cetirizine/pharmacology
- Chemokine CCL5/biosynthesis
- Chemotactic Factors/biosynthesis
- Eosinophils/drug effects
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kanei
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Asano
- Division of Physiology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kanai
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Furuta
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Harumi Suzaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Sarsour EH, Goswami M, Kalen AL, Lafin JT, Goswami PC. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 mediated aged quiescent fibroblast-induced stimulation of breast cancer cell proliferation. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:9645. [PMID: 24691968 PMCID: PMC4082566 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an age-associated disease. Although the mechanisms of age-associated increase in cancer incidence are not completely understood, it is believed that the tumor stromal environment significantly influences epithelial malignancy. Fibroblasts are a major cell type in the stroma and, under normal conditions, fibroblasts reside in the quiescent state. Cellular quiescence is a reversible process where cells enter into the proliferative cycle and then exit back to quiescence. We have shown previously that quiescent fibroblasts lose their proliferative capacity as they age, and we defined this mode of cellular aging as chronological life span. Using conditioned media and co-culture experiments, results from this study show that normal human fibroblasts (NHFs) nearing the end of their chronological life span stimulate the proliferation of MB231 and MCF7 human breast epithelial cancer cells. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) expression was found to be approximately 8-fold higher in old compared to that in young quiescent NHFs, which correlated with an increase in the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pro-proliferative pathway in MB231 cells. Conditioned media treated with anti-CCL5 antibody suppressed the activation of the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway and proliferation of MB231 cells. Hydroxytyrosol, a dietary polyphenol and an active ingredient of olive, inhibited CCL5 expression in aging quiescent NHFs. This inhibition was associated with NHFs inability to activate the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway and enhance proliferation of MB231 cells. These results show that fibroblasts nearing the end of their chronological life span promote proliferation of human breast epithelial cancer cells and dietary polyphenols inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab H. Sarsour
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - Monali Goswami
- />Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA 52241 USA
| | - Amanda L. Kalen
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - John T. Lafin
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - Prabhat C. Goswami
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
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17
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McLane VD, Cao L, Willis CL. Morphine increases hippocampal viral load and suppresses frontal lobe CCL5 expression in the LP-BM5 AIDS model. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 269:44-51. [PMID: 24629894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic opiate abuse accelerates the development of cognitive deficits in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 patients. To investigate morphine's effects on viral infection of the central nervous system, we applied chronic morphine treatment to the LP-BM5 murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) model. LP-BM5 infection induces proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, correlating to increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Morphine treatment significantly increased LP-BM5 viral load in the hippocampus, but not in the frontal lobe. Morphine reduced the chemokine CCL5 to non-infected levels in the frontal lobe, but not in the hippocampus. These data indicate a region-specific mechanism for morphine's effects on virally-induced neurocognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia D McLane
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04473, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Colin L Willis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
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18
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Hussmann KL, Fredericksen BL. Differential induction of CCL5 by pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of West Nile virus in brain endothelial cells and astrocytes. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:862-867. [PMID: 24413421 PMCID: PMC3973477 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.060558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory response to West Nile virus (WNV) infection can be either protective or pathological depending on the context. Although several studies have examined chemokine profiles within brains of WNV-infected mice, little is known about how various cell types within the central nervous system (CNS) contribute to chemokine expression. Here, we assessed chemokine expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes, which comprise the major components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), in response to a non-pathogenic (WNV-MAD78) and a highly pathogenic (WNV-NY) strain of WNV. Higher levels of the chemokine CCL5 were detected in WNV-MAD78-infected brain endothelial monolayers compared with WNV-NY-infected cells. However, the opposite profile was observed in WNV-infected astrocytes, indicating that pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of WNV provoke different CCL5 profiles at the BBB. Thus, cells comprising the BBB may contribute to a dynamic pro-inflammatory response within the CNS that evolves as WNV infection progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Hussmann
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brenda L. Fredericksen
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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19
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Nguyen AV, Wu YY, Liu Q, Wang D, Nguyen S, Loh R, Pang J, Friedman K, Orlofsky A, Augenlicht L, Pollard JW, Lin EY. STAT3 in epithelial cells regulates inflammation and tumor progression to malignant state in colon. Neoplasia 2013; 15:998-1008. [PMID: 24027425 PMCID: PMC3769879 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism of tumorigenesis especially tumor progression to malignancy in the inflamed colon is still unclear. Our study shows that epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), persistently activated in inflamed colon, is not required for inflammation-induced epithelial overproliferation and the development of early-stage tumors; however, it is essential for tumor progression to advanced malignancy. We found that one of the mechanisms that epithelial STAT3 regulates in tumor progression might be to modify leukocytic infiltration in the large intestine. Activation of epithelial STAT3 promotes the infiltration of the CD8+ lymphocyte population but inhibits the recruitment of regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes. The loss of Stat3 in epithelial cells promoted the expression of cytokines/chemokines including CCL19, CCL28, and RANTES, which are known to be able to recruit Treg lymphocytes. Linked to these changes was the pathway mediated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 and sphingosine 1-phosphate kinases, which is activated in colonic epithelial cells in inflamed colon with functional STAT3 but not in epithelial cells deleted of STAT3. Our data suggest that epithelial STAT3 plays a critical role in inflammation-induced tumor progression through regulation of leukocytic recruitment especially the infiltration of Treg cells in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Geology, Queensborough-The City University of New York, Bayside, NY
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20
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Li G, Zhu G, Gao Y, Xiao W, Xu H, Liu S, Tu G, Peng H, Zheng C, Liang S, Li G. Neferine inhibits the upregulation of CCL5 and CCR5 in vascular endothelial cells during chronic high glucose treatment. Inflammation 2013; 36:300-8. [PMID: 23053727 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether the expressions of CCL5 and CCR5 participate in dysfunctional changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by chronic high glucose treatment and examined whether neferine exerts its therapeutic effects by blocking the development of dysfunctional vascular endothelium. HUVECs were cultured with control or high concentrations of glucose in the absence or presence of neferine for 5 days. Nitric acid reductase method was used to detect the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) released into culture media. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescent DCFH-DA probe. The expressions of 84 genes related to endothelial cell biology were assessed by Human Endothelial Cell Biology RT(2) Profiler PCR Array. The expressions of the chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 were further determined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. PCR array indicated that CCL5 was the most significantly upregulated when HUVECs were exposed to chronic high glucose; the intracellular ROS level and the expressions of CCL5 and CCR5 at both mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased, whereas NO production was decreased simultaneously. The increased level of ROS and elevated expressions of CCL5 and CCR5 at high glucose were significantly inhibited by neferine; meanwhile the decreased NO production upon chronic high glucose treatment was relieved. An antioxidant (vitamin E) exerted similar beneficial effects. These data indicate that neferine can reduce the upregulation of CCL5 and CCR5 of vascular endothelium exposure to chronic high glucose and prevent or inhibit subsequent occurrence of inflammation in blood vessels possibly through antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
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Salinthone S, Kerns AR, Tsang V, Carr DW. α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) stimulates cyclic AMP production in human peripheral mononuclear cells and alters immune function. Mol Immunol 2012; 53:173-8. [PMID: 22947771 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol, the most biologically active member of the vitamin E family of fat soluble compounds, exhibits both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Here, we show that, unlike other antioxidants, α-tocopherol stimulates the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Inhibitor studies demonstrate that the prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptors and adenylyl cyclases mediate the effects of α-tocopherol on cAMP production. Additionally, we show that α-tocopherol attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. This study provides novel evidence that α-tocopherol stimulates cAMP signaling, suggesting a mechanism of action for the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonemany Salinthone
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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22
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Nedvig K, Weber G, Nemeth J, Kovacs K, Reglodi D, Kemeny A, Ferencz A. Changes of PACAP immunoreactivities and cytokine levels after PACAP-38 containing intestinal preservation and autotransplantation. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:788-94. [PMID: 22899163 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Small bowel is one of the most sensitive organs to ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is a significant problem during transplantation. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has cytoprotective effect in ischemic injuries of various tissues. The aim of our study was to measure changes of PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 immunoreactivities and cytokine levels in intestinal grafts stored in PACAP-38-containing preservation solution. Small bowel autotransplantation was performed on male Wistar rats. Grafts were stored in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4 °C for 1 h (group (G)I), for 3 h (GII), and for 6 h (GIII) and in PACAP-38-containing UW solution for 1 h (GIV), for 3 h (GV), and for 6 h (GVI). After preservation, performing vessel anastomosis reperfusion began, which lasted 3 h in each group. Tissue biopsies were collected after laparotomy (control) and at the end of the reperfusion periods. Intestinal PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 immunoreactivities were measured by radioimmunoassay. To measure cytokines from tissue homogenates, we used rat cytokine array and Luminex Multiplex Immunoassay. Levels of PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 immunoreactivity decreased after 1 and 3 h preservation compared to control levels. This decrease was significant following 6 h cold storage (p < 0.05). Values remained significantly higher in grafts stored in PACAP-38-containing UW. Cytokine array revealed that expression of the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) and L-selectin (CD62L/LECAM-1) was increased in GIII. Both 6 h cold storage in PACAP-38-containing UW solution and 3 h reperfusion caused strong reduction in these cytokines activation in GVI. RANTES (CCL5) levels were increased in all groups. Strong activation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was in GIII. However, PACAP-38-containing cold storage could decrease its activation in GVI. Furthermore, strong activation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was detected in 6 h preserved grafts without PACAP-38 (GIII). PACAP-38-containing cold storage could decrease its activation in GVI. Our present study showed that PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 immunoreactivities decreased in a time-dependent manner during intestinal cold preservation, which could be ameliorated by administration of exogenous PACAP-38 to the preservation solution. Moreover, PACAP-38 could attenuate tissue cold ischemic injury-induced changes in cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Nedvig
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Khunchai S, Junking M, Suttitheptumrong A, Yasamut U, Sawasdee N, Netsawang J, Morchang A, Chaowalit P, Noisakran S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. Interaction of dengue virus nonstructural protein 5 with Daxx modulates RANTES production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:398-403. [PMID: 22664104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection, are important public health problems in the tropical and subtropical regions. Abnormal hemostasis and plasma leakage are the main patho-physiological changes in DHF/DSS. A remarkably increased production of cytokines, the so called 'cytokine storm', is observed in the patients with DHF/DSS. A complex interaction between DENV proteins and the host immune response contributes to cytokine production. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which DENV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) mediates these responses has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, yeast two-hybrid assay was performed to identify host proteins interacting with DENV NS5 and a death-domain-associate protein (Daxx) was identified. The in vivo relevance of this interaction was suggested by co-immunoprecipitation and nuclear co-localization of these two proteins in HEK293 cells expressing DENV NS5. HEK293 cells expressing DENV NS5-K/A, which were mutated at the nuclear localization sequences (NLS), were created to assess its functional roles in nuclear translocation, Daxx interaction, and cytokine production. In the absence of NLS, DENV NS5 could neither translocate into the nucleus nor interact with Daxx to increase the DHF-associated cytokine, RANTES (CCL5) production. This work demonstrates the interaction between DENV NS5 and Daxx and the role of the interaction on the modulation of RANTES production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Khunchai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Anton K, Banerjee D, Glod J. Macrophage-associated mesenchymal stem cells assume an activated, migratory, pro-inflammatory phenotype with increased IL-6 and CXCL10 secretion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35036. [PMID: 22496888 PMCID: PMC3319627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit tropism for sites of tissue injury and tumors. However, the influence of the microenvironment on MSC phenotype and localization remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we begin to define a macrophage-induced MSC phenotype. These MSCs secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL5, and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (CXCL10) and exhibit increased mobility in response to multiple soluble factors produced by macrophages including IL-8, CCL2, and CCL5. The pro-migratory phenotype is dependent on activation of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. This work begins to identify the influence of macrophages on MSC biology. These interactions are likely to play an important role in the tissue inflammatory response and may provide insight into the migratory potential of MSCs in inflammation and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Anton
- Department of Pharmacology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Debabrata Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - John Glod
- Department of Pharmacology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Egunsola AT, Zawislak CL, Akuffo AA, Chalmers SA, Ewer JC, Vail CM, Lombardo JC, Perez DN, Kurt RA. Growth, metastasis, and expression of CCL2 and CCL5 by murine mammary carcinomas are dependent upon Myd88. Cell Immunol 2011; 272:220-9. [PMID: 22088941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously we reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of murine mammary carcinomas resulted in decreased growth of the tumors. Here we show the decreased growth following LPS treatment was mediated through effects downstream of TLR4 and Myd88. Perhaps more notably, simply reducing TLR4 or Myd88 levels was sufficient to slow tumor growth rates. Moreover, reduced levels of Myd88 correlated with a significant reduction in lung metastasis as well as decreased CCL2 and CCL5 expression. To determine whether inhibiting Myd88 function could also alter tumor growth and chemokine expression we used a Myd88 homodimerization inhibitory peptide. Indeed, inhibiting Myd88 function in four different murine mammary carcinomas as well as the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 led to decreased growth as well as CCL2 and CCL5 expression. These data imply that Myd88 is important for growth and metastasis of breast cancer, and expression of at least two proinflammatory chemokines.
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26
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Zhou Z, Barry de Longchamps N, Schmitt A, Zerbib M, Vacher-Lavenu MC, Bomsel M, Ganor Y. HIV-1 efficient entry in inner foreskin is mediated by elevated CCL5/RANTES that recruits T cells and fuels conjugate formation with Langerhans cells. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002100. [PMID: 21738469 PMCID: PMC3128116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Male circumcision reduces acquisition of HIV-1 by 60%. Hence, the foreskin is an HIV-1 entry portal during sexual transmission. We recently reported that efficient HIV-1 transmission occurs following 1 h of polarized exposure of the inner, but not outer, foreskin to HIV-1-infected cells, but not to cell-free virus. At this early time point, Langerhans cells (LCs) and T-cells within the inner foreskin epidermis are the first cells targeted by the virus. To gain in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms governing inner foreskin HIV-1 entry, foreskin explants were inoculated with HIV-1-infeceted cells for 4 h. The chemokine/cytokine milieu secreted by the foreskin tissue, and resulting modifications in density and spatial distribution of T-cells and LCs, were then investigated. Our studies show that in the inner foreskin, inoculation with HIV-1-infected cells induces increased CCL5/RANTES (1.63-fold) and decreased CCL20/MIP-3-alpha (0.62-fold) secretion. Elevated CCL5/RANTES mediates recruitment of T-cells from the dermis into the epidermis, which is blocked by a neutralizing CCL5/RANTES Ab. In parallel, HIV-1-infected cells mediate a bi-phasic modification in the spatial distribution of epidermal LCs: attraction to the apical surface at 1 h, followed by migration back towards the basement membrane later on at 4 h, in correlation with reduced CCL20/MIP-3-alpha at this time point. T-cell recruitment fuels the continuous formation of LC-T-cell conjugates, permitting the transfer of HIV-1 captured by LCs. Together, these results reveal that HIV-1 induces a dynamic process of immune cells relocation in the inner foreskin that is associated with specific chemokines secretion, which favors efficient HIV-1 entry at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhou
- Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Cell Biology and Host Pathogen Interactions Department, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Barry de Longchamps
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
| | - Marc Zerbib
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Urology Service, GH Cochin-St Vincent de Paul, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Vacher-Lavenu
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, GH Cochin-St Vincent de Paul, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Cell Biology and Host Pathogen Interactions Department, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Yonatan Ganor
- Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Cell Biology and Host Pathogen Interactions Department, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Cha B, Lim JW, Kim KH, Kim H. 15-deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 suppresses RANTES expression by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 62:167-174. [PMID: 21673364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor. 15 deoxy-(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is a potent PPAR-γ ligand and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent via PPAR-γ-dependent and independent mechanisms. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces gastric inflammation by inducing the activation of oxidant-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB and cytokine expression in gastric epithelial cells. Since 15d-PGJ(2) inhibits NF-κB activation in various cells, it may suppress H. pylori-induced inflammatory signaling and cytokine expression in gastric epithelial cells. The present study aims to determined the effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on the activation of inflammatory mediators Jak/Stat (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription) and induction of cytokine RANTES in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. Since NADPH oxidase is a candidate for the production of reactive oxygen species in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, we determined the effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on the activation of NADPH oxdase. AGS cells were cultured in the presence of H. pylori treated with or without 15d-PGJ(2). The activations of NADPH oxidase and Jak1/Stat3, the levels of H(2)O(2) and RANTES in the medium, and DNA binding activity of Stat3 were assessed. A Jak/Stat3 specific inhibitor AG490 and an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) were treated to determine the direct involvement of Jak/Stat and NADPH oxidase on the production of H(2)O(2) and RANTES in H. pylori-infected cells. H. pylori induced the production of H(2)O(2) and RANTES as well as the activations of NADPH oxidase and Jak1/Stat3, which were inhibited by the treatment of 15d-PGJ(2). DPI suppressed H. pylori-induced alterations similar to 15d-PGJ(2). However, AG490 had no effect on NADPH oxidase activation, but reduced the level of RANTES in the medium released from H. pylori-infected cells. CONCLUSION NADPH oxidase activation is an upstream signaling of Jak1/Stat3 activation and induction of RANTES in H. pylori-infected AGS cells. 15d-PGJ(2), inhibits the activations of NADPH oxidase and Jak1/Stat3 and RANTES expression, suggesting that 15d-PGJ(2) may be beneficial for the treatment of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang D, Fang L, Li P, Chen Q, Luo R, Chen H, Xiao S. Molecular cloning of the porcine RANTES promoter: functional characterization of dsDNA/dsRNA response elements in PK-15 cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2011; 35:345-351. [PMID: 21034770 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine RANTES plays an essential role in inflammation and immune response. In this study, we cloned the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-flanking region of the porcine RANTES (poRANTES) gene and characterized the regulatory elements that activate transcription. Analyses of a series of 5' deletion constructs demonstrated that a 266 bp region (-220/+46) that spanned the potential transcription start site of the poRANTES gene was sufficient to activate transcription in PK-15 cells. Furthermore, our results indicated that dsDNA/dsRNA significantly induced poRANTES promoter activity and expression of mRNA levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Promoter deletions and mutagenesis experiments indicated that an interferon-stimulated responsive element (ISRE) was critical for dsDNA/dsRNA-induced poRANTES transcription. In addition, porcine interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and IRF-7 play important roles in dsDNA/dsRNA-induced poRANTES expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Wang
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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29
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Wassmer SC, Moxon CA, Taylor T, Grau GE, Molyneux ME, Craig AG. Vascular endothelial cells cultured from patients with cerebral or uncomplicated malaria exhibit differential reactivity to TNF. Cell Microbiol 2011; 13:198-209. [PMID: 21029292 PMCID: PMC3041929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in African children, and factors that determine the development of uncomplicated (UM) versus cerebral malaria (CM) are not fully understood. We studied the ex vivo responsiveness of microvascular endothelial cells to pro-inflammatory stimulation and compared the findings between CM and UM patients. In patients with fatal disease we compared the properties of vascular endothelial cells cultured from brain tissue to those cultured from subcutaneous tissue, and found them to be very similar. We then isolated, purified and cultured primary endothelial cells from aspirated subcutaneous tissue of patients with CM (EC(CM) ) or UM (EC(UM) ) and confirmed the identity of the cells before analysis. Upon TNF stimulation in vitro, EC(CM) displayed a significantly higher capacity to upregulate ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD61 and to produce IL-6 and MCP-1 but not RANTES compared with EC(UM) . The shedding of endothelial microparticles, a recently described parameter of severity in CM, and the cellular level of activated caspase-3 were both significantly greater in EC(CM) than in EC(UM) . These data suggest that inter-individual differences in the endothelial inflammatory response to TNF may be an additional factor influencing the clinical course of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Crocodile Wassmer
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi.
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30
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Al-Bannawi A, Al-Wesebai K, Taha S, Bakhiet M. Chlamydia pneumoniae induces chemokine expression by platelets in patients with atherosclerosis. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20:438-43. [PMID: 21757933 DOI: 10.1159/000324553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in triggering platelets to induce the inflammatory potential chemokines CCL3, CCL5, CCL7 and CXCL8 in atherosclerotic patients was investigated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Venous blood from control subjects (n = 35) and atherosclerotic patients (n = 35) was collected in tubes with and without EDTA. Platelets from controls and patients were separated from whole blood and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), live C. pneumoniae and heat-treated C. pneumoniae. The ability of C. pneumoniae and its LPS to stimulate platelets and expression of CCL3, CCL5, CCL7 and CXCL8 was assessed with immunofluorescence. Immunosorbent assays were used to detect anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies in sera from patients and healthy subjects. RESULTS Nonstimulated platelets from patients showed significant expression of CCL3, CCL5, CCL7 and CXCL8 compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Stimulation of platelets from patients with live and heat-treated C. pneumoniae and its LPS demonstrated significant induction of chemokines compared to similarly stimulated platelets from controls (p < 0.01). After stimulation with heat-treated C. pneumoniae chemokine expression in platelets from controls was significantly lower than after stimulation with live C. pneumoniae (p < 0.01), which was not the case when platelets from patients were stimulated. Increased levels of anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies were detected in sera from patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting prior C. pneumoniae exposure. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated an interactive link between C. pneumoniae and platelets in atherosclerotic patients, leading to induction of potential chemokines and possibly disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhad Al-Bannawi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, HH Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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31
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Chen CJ, Ou YC, Chang CY, Pan HC, Liao SL, Raung SL, Chen SY. TNF-α and IL-1β mediate Japanese encephalitis virus-induced RANTES gene expression in astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:234-42. [PMID: 21167894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes neuroinfection and neuroinflammation characterized by profound neuronal destruction/dysfunction, concomitant microgliosis/astrogliosis, and production of various molecules that initiate the recruitment of immune cells to the sites of infection. Previously, we reported that glial cells expressed RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) with chemotactic activity in response to JEV infection. In this study, we further demonstrated that JEV-infected microglia had an additional activity in regulating RANTES production. Both astrocytes and microglia responded to JEV infection by releasing RANTES through a process likely related to viral replication. Independent of infectious virus, supernatants of JEV-infected microglia, but not JEV-infected astrocytes, caused additional RANTES production from astrocytes. Antibody neutralization studies suggested the potential involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in mediating additional RANTES production. Treatment of astrocyte cultures with TNF-α and IL-1β caused activation of several signaling molecules and transcription factors crucial to RANTES gene expression, including reactive oxygen species, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, NF-κB, and NF-IL6, increased RANTES gene promoter activity, and provoked RANTES production. As with RANTES, neutralization of bioactive TNF-α and IL-1β caused an attenuation of chemotactic activity from supernatants of mixed glia containing astrocytes and microglia during the course of JEV infection. In conclusion, TNF-α and IL-1β produced by JEV-infected microglia might trigger another mechanism which induces a secondary wave of RANTES gene expression by activating astrocytes. The released RANTES from glial cells might play a role in the recruitment of immune cells during JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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Masatani T, Ito N, Shimizu K, Ito Y, Nakagawa K, Sawaki Y, Koyama H, Sugiyama M. Rabies virus nucleoprotein functions to evade activation of the RIG-I-mediated antiviral response. J Virol 2010; 84:4002-12. [PMID: 20130065 PMCID: PMC2849511 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02220-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabies virus Ni-CE strain causes nonlethal infection in adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the parental Nishigahara (Ni) strain kills mice. We previously reported that the chimeric CE(NiN) strain with the N gene from the Ni strain in the genetic background of the Ni-CE strain kills adult mice, indicating that the N gene is related to the different pathogenicities of Ni and Ni-CE strains. In the present study, to obtain an insight into the mechanism by which the N gene determines viral pathogenicity, we compared the effects of Ni, Ni-CE, and CE(NiN) infections on host gene expressions using a human neuroblastoma cell line. Microarray analysis of these infected cells revealed that the expression levels of particular genes in Ni- and CE(NiN)-infected cells, including beta interferon (IFN-beta) and chemokine genes (i.e., CXCL10 and CCL5) were lower than those in Ni-CE-infected cells. We also demonstrated that Ni-CE infection activated the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3)-dependent IFN-beta promoter and induced IRF-3 nuclear translocation more efficiently than did Ni or CE(NiN) infection. Furthermore, we showed that Ni-CE infection, but not Ni or CE(NiN) infection, strongly activates the IRF-3 pathway through activation of RIG-I, which is known as a cellular sensor of virus infection. These findings indicate that the N protein of rabies virus (Ni strain) has a function to evade the activation of RIG-I. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the Mononegavirales N protein functions to evade induction of host IFN and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Masatani
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kenta Shimizu
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakagawa
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sawaki
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Matsui K, Wirotesangthong M, Thanakijcharoenpath W, Mungmee C, Nishikawa A. Inhibitory effects of Schefflera leucantha extract on production of allergic mediators by Langerhans cells and mast cells. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:463-468. [PMID: 21243929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schefflera leucantha Viguier is used as a traditional medicine in Thailand and China to relieve chronic cough and asthma. However, little is known about its anti-allergic effects. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effects of S leucantha ethanol extract (SLEE) on chemokine production by epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) stimulated with peptidoglycan (PEG) from Staphylococcus aureus and histamine release from mast cells. METHODS LCs were purified from murine epidermal cells using the panning method with anti-IA(d) monoclonal antibody. Chemokine production by LCs was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mast cells for histamine release assay were induced by long-term culture of mouse spleen cells. Histamine release from these mast cells was measured by a competitive ELISA. RESULTS Production of the eosinophil chemoattractant CCL5 and the type 2 T helper (TH2)-associated chemokine CCL17 from PEG-stimulated LCs was significantly inhibited by SLEE. Furthermore, SLEE significantly decreased the release of histamine from mast cells by IgE-mediated degranulation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that S leucantha may offer a new therapeutic approach for the control of atopic dermatitis associated with S aureus colonization through inhibition of the production of allergic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsui
- Department of Immunobiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhao L, Toriumi H, Kuang Y, Chen H, Fu ZF. The roles of chemokines in rabies virus infection: overexpression may not always be beneficial. J Virol 2009; 83:11808-18. [PMID: 19740983 PMCID: PMC2772667 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01346-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It was found previously that induction of innate immunity, particularly chemokines, is an important mechanism of rabies virus (RABV) attenuation. To evaluate the effect of overexpression of chemokines on RABV infection, chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), RANTES, and IP-10 were individually cloned into the genome of attenuated RABV strain HEP-Flury. These recombinant RABVs were characterized in vitro for growth properties and expression of chemokines. It was found that all the recombinant viruses grew as well as the parent virus, and each of the viruses expressed the intended chemokine in a dose-dependent manner. When these viruses were evaluated for pathogenicity in the mouse model, it was found that overexpression of MIP-1alpha further decreased RABV pathogenicity by inducing a transient innate immune response. In contrast, overexpression of RANTES or IP-10 increased RABV pathogenicity by causing neurological diseases, which is due to persistent and high-level expression of chemokines, excessive infiltration and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the central nervous system, and severe enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability. These studies indicate that overexpression of chemokines, although important in controlling virus infection, may not always be beneficial to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Departments of Pathology, Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, State-Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Harufusa Toriumi
- Departments of Pathology, Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, State-Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- Departments of Pathology, Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, State-Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- Departments of Pathology, Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, State-Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- Departments of Pathology, Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, State-Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Abstract
Immediately after viral infection, innate responses including expression of IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are elicited ubiquitously by recruitment of specific pathogen recognition receptors. The velocity to induce IFN-alpha/beta and ISGs in response to an infection is often decisive for virulence. Interestingly, in primary endothelial cells ISGs are induced later by hantaviruses pathogenic to humans than those considered to be nonpathogenic or of low virulence. Here we demonstrate that pathogenic Hantaan (HTNV) and putatively nonpathogenic Prospect Hill hantavirus (PHV) differentially activate innate responses in the established cell lines A549 and HuH7. STAT1alpha phosphorylation was detectable 3 h after PHV inoculation but not within the first 2 days after HTNV inoculation. The velocity to induce the ISGs MxA and ISG15 correlated inversely with amounts of virus produced. Moreover, expression of the inflammatory chemokine CCL5 was also induced differentially. Both hantaviruses induced innate responses via TRAF3 (TNF receptor-associated factor 3), and TLR3 was required for HTNV-induced expression of MxA, but not for the MxA induction triggered by PHV. Infection of RIG-I-deficient HuH7.5 cells revealed that RIG-I (retinoic acid receptor I) was not necessary for induction of innate responses by PHV. Taken together, these data suggest that HTNV and PHV elicit different signaling cascades that converge via TRAF3. Early induction of antiviral responses might contribute to efficient elimination of PHV. Subsequent to clearance of the infection, innate responses most likely cease; vice versa, retarded induction of antiviral responses could lead to increased HTNV replication and dissemination, which might cause a prolonged inflammatory response and might contribute to the in vivo virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Handke
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, University Hospital Charité, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Yamin M, Holbrook EH, Gray ST, Harold R, Busaba N, Sridhar A, Powell KJ, Hamilos DL. Cigarette smoke combined with Toll-like receptor 3 signaling triggers exaggerated epithelial regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted/CCL5 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:1145-1153.e3. [PMID: 18986692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by persistent mucosal inflammation and frequent exacerbations. OBJECTIVE To determine whether innate epithelial responses to cigarette smoke or bacterial or viral pathogens may be abnormal in CRS leading to an inappropriate inflammatory response. METHODS Primary nasal epithelial cells (PNECs) were grown from middle turbinate biopsies of 9 healthy controls and 11 patients with CRS. After reaching 80% to 90% confluence, PNECs were exposed to medium or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) 5% (vol/vol) for 1 hour, washed, then stimulated with staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid, LPS, or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). After 24 hours, gene expression was quantified by QRT-PCR. RESULTS At baseline, PNECs revealed elevated TNF-alpha and growth-related oncogene-alpha (a C-X-C chemokine)/CXCL1 (GRO-alpha) (4-fold increase, P = .02; and 16-fold increase, P = .004, respectively) in subjects with CRS compared with controls with normal levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, human beta-defensin-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2/CCL8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 3/CCL7, and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5. Immunostaining of nasal biopsies, however, revealed comparable epithelial staining for TNF-alpha, GRO-alpha, and RANTES. There were no differences in mRNA induction by CSE, TNF-alpha, lipoteichoic acid, LPS, or dsRNA alone. The combination of CSE+dsRNA induced exaggerated RANTES (12,115-fold vs 1500-fold; P = .03) and human beta-defensin-2 (1120-fold vs 12.5-fold; P = .05) in subjects with CRS. No other genes were differentially induced. Furthermore, CSE+dsRNA induced normal levels of IFN-beta, IFN-lambda1, and IFN-lambda2/3 mRNA in subjects with CRS. CONCLUSION Cigarette smoke extract plus dsRNA induces exaggerated epithelial RANTES expression in patients with CRS. We propose that an analogous response to cigarette smoke plus viral infection may contribute to acute exacerbations and eosinophilic mucosal inflammation in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Yamin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Peng L, Zhang H, Xu G, Tang RH. [Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on the expression of early inflammatory reaction in diabetic rats]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2008; 33:913-918. [PMID: 19001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) on early inflammatory reaction of renal lesion in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups after uninephrectomy: normal control group, diabetic model group, and MMF-treated group. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at the 4th week and 14th week after STZ injection. Twenty-four hour urinary protein (24 h Upro) count was measured before death. The expressions of regulated on activation of normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES),ectodermal dysplasia (ED-1)and Col-IV protein in the renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of RANTES mRNA in the renal tissue was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS MMF prevented the increasing of 24h Upro in diabetic rats,and the expressions of RANTES,ED-1,Col-IV protein and RANTES mRNA in the kidney of MMF-treated rats were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION MMF plays an early renal protective role in diabetic nephropathy, possibly through inhibition of early inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Soria G, Yaal-Hahoshen N, Azenshtein E, Shina S, Leider-Trejo L, Ryvo L, Cohen-Hillel E, Shtabsky A, Ehrlich M, Meshel T, Keydar I, Ben-Baruch A. Concomitant expression of the chemokines RANTES and MCP-1 in human breast cancer: a basis for tumor-promoting interactions. Cytokine 2008; 44:191-200. [PMID: 18790652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines RANTES (CCL5) and MCP-1 (CCL2) were suggested to contribute, independently, to breast malignancy. In the present study, we asked if the two chemokines are jointly expressed in clinical samples of breast cancer patients, and do they interact in breast tumor cells. We found that RANTES and MCP-1 were expressed by breast tumor cells in primary tumors of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, but minimally in normal breast epithelial duct cells. The chemokines were also detected in metastases and pleural effusions. Novel findings showed that co-expression of RANTES and MCP-1 in the same tumor was associated with more advanced stages of disease, suggesting that breast tumors "benefit" from interactions between the two chemokines. Accordingly, MCP-1 significantly promoted the release of RANTES from endogenous pre-made vesicles, in an active process that depended on calcium from intracellular and extracellular sources, and on intracellular transport of RANTES towards exocytosis. Our findings show a chemokine-triggered release of stored pro-malignancy chemokine from breast tumor cells. These observations support a major tumor-promoting role for co-expression of the chemokines in breast malignancy, and agree with the significant association of joint RANTES and MCP-1 expression with advanced stages of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CCL2/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL5/biosynthesis
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Neoplasm Metastasis/physiopathology
- Pleural Effusion/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Soria
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This study investigates the regulatory role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on production of fractalkine, monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in human mesangial cells, and explore the mechanisms of CTGF action. METHODS Cultured human mesangial cells were treated with CTGF. Expressions of mRNA and proteins of fractalkine, MCP-1 and RANTES were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Expressions of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and protein kinase B (PKB) were assessed by Western blotting. Activities of nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB) were determined by NF-kappaB luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS CTGF enhanced the mRNA expressions and protein release of fractalkine, MCP-1 and RANTES, and the expressions of phosphorylated ERK1/2, PI3-K and PKB, and activities of NF-KB. Blockade of ERK1/2 inhibited the CTGF-induced expression ofphosphorylated ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB, and partially decreased the expressions of the above chemokines. PI3-K blockade downregulated the CTGF-stimulated expressions of phosphorylated PI3-K, PKB and NF-kappaB but not phosphorylated ERK1/2, partially decreased the expressions of the above chemokines. NF-kappaB blockade abrogated the CTGF-activated NF-kappaB and partially decreased the expressions of the above chemokines. Soluble heparin and K252a, an inhibitor of Trk, blocked CTGF-induced production of the above chemokines and the activation of the above signaling proteins. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that CTGF induces production of fractalkine, MCP-1 and RANTES via ERK1/2 and PI3-K/PKB/NF-kappaB-dependent signal pathway mediated by cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans and the tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA in human mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Chana RS, Sidaway JE, Brunskill NJ. Statins but not thiazolidinediones attenuate albumin-mediated chemokine production by proximal tubular cells independently of endocytosis. Am J Nephrol 2008; 28:823-30. [PMID: 18535368 DOI: 10.1159/000137682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) secrete chemokines under proteinuric conditions. Both statins and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) possess pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined the ability of statins and TZDs and the natural peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (PGJ(2)) to attenuate the proteinuria-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype of PTEC. METHODS Mouse PTEC were treated with statins, TZDs and PGJ(2 )and effects on uptake and binding of FITC-albumin determined. PTEC were incubated with fatty acid free bovine serum albumin with or without statins/TZDs/PGJ(2), and the release of MCP-1 and RANTES measured. RESULTS Statins and TZDs significantly inhibited PTEC albumin endocytosis. PGJ(2 )had no effect. Incubation of PTEC with albumin significantly stimulated production of MCP-1 and RANTES. Co-treatment with statins and PGJ(2) significantly reduced albumin-stimulated chemokine production, an effect reversed by the addition of mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. In contrast, TZDs had no effect on albumin-mediated chemokine production. CONCLUSION Statins and PGJ(2), but not TZDs, prevent the development of a PTEC pro-inflammatory phenotype in response to albumin. Albumin endocytosis is not a prerequisite for PTEC chemokine production, and inhibition of albumin endocytosis alone is insufficient to attenuate chemokine production. These studies suggest a therapeutic role for statins and some PPARgamma ligands in proteinuric renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder S Chana
- Department of Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Kaminsky DE, Rogers TJ. Suppression of CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL5/RANTES expression by nociceptin in human monocytes. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2008; 3:75-82. [PMID: 18247127 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-007-9086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The receptor designated Opioid Receptor-Like 1 (ORL1) is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as by cells of the immune system. While much is known about the function of ORL1 in the CNS, there is little information in the literature about the role of ORL1 in the immune response. There have been numerous reports documenting the effects of GPCR activation on the expression of chemokines crucial in mediating inflammatory events in biological systems. The aim of the present work was to examine the effect of nociceptin administration on the pro-inflammatory chemokine expression of human monocytes. We report here that human CD14(+) monocytes expresses the mRNA for ORL1. Our results also demonstrate that nociceptin can suppress the production of CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL5/RANTES chemokine protein in both primary CD14(+) human monocytes and monocyte-like cell lines. However, nociceptin does not appear to regulate the expression of these chemokines at the level of transcription, as CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL5/RANTES mRNA levels following nociceptin treatment of monocytes were essentially normal. Although the mechanism of chemokine regulation by nociceptin is as yet unknown, it is evident that the ORL1/nociceptin system plays a role in regulating chemotactic responses of leukocytes through chemokine suppression. Finally, these data may provide the initial basis for the development of ORL1 agonists and antagonists for therapeutic treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Kaminsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Chen LH, Ye CS, Yin HH, Ye JL, Wang SM. [RANTES expression in venous ulceration of lower limbs]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2008; 28:861-862. [PMID: 18504221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of RANTES in venous ulceration. METHODS From patients with lower limb venous ulceration, patients with non-ulcerous venous insufficiency, and healthy individuals, peripheral blood was collected from the lower limb veins for measurement of RANTES mRNA using RT-PCR. RESULTS In the ulceration group, the expression of RANTES mRNA was significantly increased as compared with the other two groups (P<0.01). RANTES mRNA expression was also significant higher in the non-ulcerous group than the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION High expression of RANTES mRNA may be one of the important mechanisms of venous ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-hua Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Ramalingam S, Kannangai R, Abraham OC, Subramanian S, Rupali P, Pulimood SA, Jesudason MV, Sridharan G. Chemokine profile among human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals from southern India. Indian J Med Res 2008; 127:133-139. [PMID: 18403790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Individuals infected with HIV-1 have higher levels of chemokine producing cells compared to uninfected individuals. It is important to know the changes in chemokine levels associated with rate of progression of disease. There is a paucity of information on the plasma chemokines in HIV-1 infected individuals from India. We therefore carried out this study to estimate the levels of three chemokines namely macrophage inflammatory protein alpha (MIP1alpha), MIP1beta and RANTES, in relation to disease status in HIV-1 infected individuals and compared with uninfected individuals. METHODS RANTES and MIP1alpha were estimated using ELISA in 114 HIV-1 infected and 30 controls, whereas MIP1beta was estimated in 101 HIV infected individuals only and 30 controls. The values were compared to the T cell subsets, HIV-1 viral loads and plasma cytokines (interferon gamma and interleukin-10). RESULTS Compared to controls the mean MIP1alpha and RANTES level among the HIV-1 infected individuals was higher while MIP1beta level was lower in HIV infected individuals except CDC C groups. There was a significant positive correlation for MIP1á with HIV-1 viral load and IFNgamma, for MIP1alpha with viral load and IL10. There was a significant negative correlation between MIP1alpha with CD4 count and CD4: CD8 ratio and MIP1beta with CD4 count and CD8 count. There was a negativecorrelation between RANTES values and CD8 per cent. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study showed a significantly higher level of beta chemokines in south Indian HIV-1 infected individuals compared to controls. These beta chemokines may have the inhibitory effect on HIV-1 only during the initial period and with the progression of disease this inhibitory effect wanes as shown by the positive correlation of beta chemokines with HIV-1 viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Ramalingam
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Kaur G, Tuen M, Virland D, Cohen S, Mehra NK, Münz C, Abdelwahab S, Garzino-Demo A, Hioe CE. Antigen stimulation induces HIV envelope gp120-specific CD4(+) T cells to secrete CCR5 ligands and suppress HIV infection. Virology 2007; 369:214-25. [PMID: 17765942 PMCID: PMC2443714 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are critical for effective immune responses against HIV, but they are also the main cell type targeted by the virus. To investigate the key factors that could protect these cells from infection, we evaluated the capacity of HIV gp120-specific human CD4(+) T cells to produce chemokines that inhibit HIV and determined their contribution in suppressing infection in the cells. Antigen stimulation of the CD4(+) T cells elicited production of high amounts of CCR5 chemokines MIP-1alpha (CCL3), MIP-1beta (CCL4), and RANTES (CCL5). Production of these CCR5 ligands was more readily and reproducibly detected than that of IFN-gamma or IL-2. Importantly, in association with secretion of the CCR5 ligands, antigen stimulation made these CD4(+) T cells more resistant to CCR5-tropic HIV-1. Conversely, in the absence of antigen stimulation, the cells were readily infected by the virus, and after infection, their capacity to produce MIP-1beta and IFN-gamma rapidly declined. Thus, vaccines that trigger HIV-specific CD4(+) T cells to elicit robust and rapid production of anti-viral chemokines would be advantageous. Such responses would protect virus-specific CD4(+) T cells from HIV infection and preserve their critical functions in mounting and maintaining long-lasting immunity against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Michael Tuen
- Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diana Virland
- Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Cohen
- Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Narinder K. Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Christian Münz
- Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology and Christopher H. Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sayed Abdelwahab
- Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, USA
| | - Catarina E. Hioe
- Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Corresponding author. VA Medical Center, 423 E. 23 St. Room 18-124 North, New York, NY 10010, phone: 212-263-6769, fax: 212-951-6321,
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Desforges M, Miletti TC, Gagnon M, Talbot PJ. Activation of human monocytes after infection by human coronavirus 229E. Virus Res 2007; 130:228-40. [PMID: 17669539 PMCID: PMC7114174 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are recognized respiratory pathogens that may be involved in other pathologies such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases. To investigate whether leukocytes could participate in respiratory pathologies and serve as vector for viral spread towards other tissues, the susceptibility of human leukocytic cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 infection was investigated. Human primary monocytes/macrophages were susceptible to HCoV-229E infection, but strongly restricted HCoV-OC43 replication. Moreover, productive HCoV-229E infection of primary monocytes and of the THP-1 monocytic cell line led to their activation, as indicated by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, CCL5, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and MMP-9. Moreover, an in vitro chemotaxis assay showed that motility towards chemokines of THP-1 cells and primary monocytes was increased following an acute or persistent HCoV-229E infection. Taken together, these results suggest that infected monocytes could serve as a reservoir for HCoV-229E, become activated, participate in the exacerbation of pulmonary pathologies, as well as serve as potential vectors for viral dissemination to host tissues, where it could be associated with other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre J. Talbot
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
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Abstract
We have previously shown that the leader proteinase (L(pro)) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) interferes with the innate immune response by blocking the translation of interferon (IFN) protein and by reducing the immediate-early induction of beta IFN mRNA and IFN-stimulated genes. Here, we report that L(pro) regulates the activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Analysis of NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression in BHK-21 cells demonstrated that infection with wild-type (WT) virus has an inhibitory effect compared to infection with a genetically engineered mutant lacking the leader coding region. The expression of endogenous NF-kappaB-dependent genes tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANTES is also reduced in WT virus-infected primary porcine cells. This inhibitory effect is neither the result of a decrease in the level of the mRNA of p65/RelA, a subunit of NF-kappaB, nor a block on the nuclear translocation of p65/RelA, but instead appears to be a consequence of the degradation of accumulated p65/RelA. Viral L(pro) is localized to the nucleus of infected cells, and there is a correlation between the translocation of L(pro) and the decrease in the amount of nuclear p65/RelA. By using a recombinant cardiovirus expressing L(pro), we demonstrate that the disappearance of p65/RelA takes place in the absence of any other FMDV product. The observation that L(pro) disrupts the integrity of NF-kappaB suggests a global mechanism by which FMDV antagonizes the cellular innate immune and inflammatory responses to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa de Los Santos
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, NAA, USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
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Abstract
Activation of resting T lymphocytes initiates differentiation into mature effector cells over 3-7 days. The chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) and its major transcriptional regulator, Krüppel-like factor 13 (KLF13), are expressed late (3-5 days) after activation in T lymphocytes. Using yeast two-hybrid screening of a human thymus cDNA library, PRP4, a serine/threonine protein kinase, was identified as a KLF13-binding protein. Specific interaction of KLF13 and PRP4 was confirmed by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation. PRP4 is expressed in PHA-stimulated human T lymphocytes from days 1 and 7 with a peak at day 3. Using an in vitro kinase assay, it was found that PRP4 phosphorylates KLF13. Furthermore, although phosphorylation of KLF13 by PRP4 results in lower binding affinity to the A/B site of the CCL5 promoter, coexpression of PRP4 and KLF13 increases nuclear localization of KLF13 and CCL5 transcription. Finally, knock-down of PRP4 by small interfering RNA markedly decreases CCL5 expression in T lymphocytes. Thus, PRP4-mediated phosphorylation of KLF13 plays a role in the regulation of CCL5 expression in T lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/immunology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- COS Cells
- Cell Cycle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL5/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL5/genetics
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/biosynthesis
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/physiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/enzymology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alan M. Krensky
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Alan M. Krensky, Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail address:
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Wark PAB, Bucchieri F, Johnston SL, Gibson PG, Hamilton L, Mimica J, Zummo G, Holgate ST, Attia J, Thakkinstian A, Davies DE. IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 is a novel biomarker of rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:586-93. [PMID: 17628646 PMCID: PMC7127568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus-induced acute asthma is the most frequent trigger for asthma exacerbations. Objective We assessed which inflammatory mediators were released from bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) after infection with rhinovirus and then determined whether they were also present in subjects with acute virus-induced asthma, with the aim to identify a biomarker or biomarkers for acute virus-induced asthma. Methods BECs were obtained from bronchial brushings of steroid-naive asthmatic subjects and healthy nonatopic control subjects. Cells were infected with rhinovirus 16. Inflammatory mediators were measured by means of flow cytometry with a cytometric bead array. Subjects with acute asthma and virus infection were recruited; they were characterized clinically by using lung function tests and had blood taken to measure the inflammatory mediators identified as important by the BEC experiments. Results IFN-γ–induced protein 10 (IP-10) and RANTES were released in the greatest quantities, followed by IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Dexamethasone treatment of BECs only partially suppressed IP-10 and TNF-α but was more effective at suppressing RANTES, IL-6, and IL-8. In acute clinical asthma serum IP-10 levels were increased to a greater extent in those with acute virus-induced asthma (median of 604 pg/mL compared with 167 pg/mL in those with non–virus-induced acute asthma, P < .01). Increased serum IP-10 levels were predictive of virus-induced asthma (odds ratio, 44.3 [95% CI, 3.9-100.3]). Increased serum IP-10 levels were strongly associated with more severe airflow obstruction (r = −0.8; P < .01). Conclusions IP-10 release is specific to acute virus-induced asthma. Clinical implications Measurement of serum IP-10 could be used to predict a viral trigger to acute asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A B Wark
- Brooke Laboratories, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Emad A, Emad Y. Relationship between eosinophilia and levels of chemokines (CCL5 and CCL11) and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with mustard gas-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Immunol 2007; 27:605-12. [PMID: 17620002 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therefore, this study was designed to analyze the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentrations of IL-5, RANTES (CCL5) and eotaxin (CCL11) and also to examine the relationship between the percentage and absolute number of the BAL eosinophils and these measured chemokines in patients with sulfur mustard (SM) gas-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). PATIENTS Fifteen veterans with mustard gas-induced PF and 14 normal veterans as control group. INTERVENTION Pulmonary function tests, tests for D(LCO), computed tomography scans of the chest, analyses of BAL fluids for RANTES (CCL5), eotaxin (CCL11), and IL-5 were performed in all cases. RESULTS Eosinophilic alveolitis was the predominant feature (p < 0.0001). There were significant differences in CCL5, CCL11, and IL-5 levels of BAL fluid between patients with PF and controls (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.001, respectively). The concentrations of CCL5 and CCL11 showed positive correlations with percentage (r = 0.57 and p = 0.03; r = 0.52 and p = 0.04, respectively) and absolute counts (r = 0.54 and p = 0.04, r = 0.53 and p = 0.04, respectively) of BAL eosinophils. There were significant positive correlations between the concentrations of IL-5 and the proportion and total cell number of eosinophils in BAL (r = 0.67 and p = 0.01; r = 0.59 and p = 0.02, respectively) too. CONCLUSION A significant correlation between BAL CCL5, CCL11, and IL-5 levels and eosinophils in patients with pulmonary fibrosis due to SM gas inhalation has been demonstrated, suggesting that these C-C chemokines and IL-5 contribute to the recruitment of eosinophils cells in the lung in these victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Emad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Lee YR, Su CY, Chow NH, Lai WW, Lei HY, Chang CL, Chang TY, Chen SH, Lin YS, Yeh TM, Liu HS. Dengue viruses can infect human primary lung epithelia as well as lung carcinoma cells, and can also induce the secretion of IL-6 and RANTES. Virus Res 2007; 126:216-25. [PMID: 17416433 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) are herein demonstrated for the first time as being able to infect and replicate in human primary lung epithelium and various lung cancer cell lines. The detection of dengue virus particles and viral negative strand RNA synthesis in the cell, in conjunction with the release of viral progenies in culture supernatants, support the notion that lung cells are susceptible to dengue virus infection. The replication efficiency of DENV in lung cancer cells from high to low is: DEN-2 (dengue virus type-2), DEN-3, DEN-4 and DEN-1. Moreover, the susceptibility of the six lung cancer cell lines to DEN-2 infection is: SW1573>A549>H1435; H23; H520; Bes2B. DEN-2 infection significantly increased the expression levels of IL-6 and RANTES in four of the six lung cancer cell lines, which is consistent with the high expression levels of these molecules in DHF/DSS patients. IL-6 expression induced by DEN-2 infection was NF-kappaB dependent. In summary, our results indicate that lung epithelial cell is a possible target of dengue viruses and IL-6 and RANTES may play pivotal roles in lung related immuno-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ray Lee
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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