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Wu S, Hong Y, Chu C, Gan Y, Li X, Tao M, Wang D, Hu H, Zheng Z, Zhu Q, Han X, Zhu W, Xu M, Dong Y, Liu Y, Guo X. Construction of human 3D striato-nigral assembloids to recapitulate medium spiny neuronal projection defects in Huntington's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316176121. [PMID: 38771878 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316176121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The striato-nigral (Str-SN) circuit is composed of medium spiny neuronal projections that are mainly sent from the striatum to the midbrain substantial nigra (SN), which is essential for regulating motor behaviors. Dysfunction of the Str-SN circuitry may cause a series of motor disabilities that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease (HD). Although the etiology of HD is known as abnormally expanded CAG repeats of the huntingtin gene, treatment of HD remains tremendously challenging. One possible reason is the lack of effective HD model that resembles Str-SN circuitry deficits for pharmacological studies. Here, we first differentiated striatum-like organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), containing functional medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We then generated 3D Str-SN assembloids by assembling striatum-like organoids with midbrain SN-like organoids. With AAV-hSYN-GFP-mediated viral tracing, extensive MSN projections from the striatum to the SN are established, which formed synaptic connection with GABAergic neurons in SN organoids and showed the optically evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents and electronic field potentials by labeling the striatum-like organoids with optogenetic virus. Furthermore, these Str-SN assembloids exhibited enhanced calcium activity compared to that of individual striatal organoids. Importantly, we further demonstrated the reciprocal projection defects in HD iPSC-derived assembloids, which could be ameliorated by treatment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Taken together, these findings suggest that Str-SN assembloids could be used for identifying MSN projection defects and could be applied as potential drug test platforms for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yixia Gan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mengdan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University, Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhilong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University, Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
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2
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Mattioni L, Barbieri A, Grigoli A, Balasco L, Bozzi Y, Provenzano G. Alterations of Perineuronal Net Expression and Abnormal Social Behavior and Whisker-dependent Texture Discrimination in Mice Lacking the Autism Candidate Gene Engrailed 2. Neuroscience 2024; 546:63-74. [PMID: 38537894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) are important regulators of plasticity throughout life and their dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric conditions, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). PNNs are condensed portions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that are crucial for neural development and proper formation of synaptic connections. We previously showed a reduced expression of GABAergic interneuron markers in the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex of adult mice lacking the Engrailed2 gene (En2-/- mice), a mouse model of ASD. Since alterations in PNNs have been proposed as a possible pathogenic mechanism in ASD, we hypothesized that the PNN dysfunction may contribute to the neural and behavioral abnormalities of En2-/- mice. Here, we show an increase in the PNN fluorescence intensity, evaluated by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin, in brain regions involved in social behavior and somatosensory processing. In addition, we found that En2-/- mice exhibit altered texture discrimination through whiskers and display a marked decrease in the preference for social novelty. Our results raise the possibility that altered expression of PNNs, together with defects of GABAergic interneurons, might contribute to the pathogenesis of social and sensory behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mattioni
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Anna Barbieri
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Grigoli
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Luigi Balasco
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, Trento, Italy; CNR Neuroscience Institute, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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3
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Scheper M, Sørensen FNF, Ruffolo G, Gaeta A, Lissner LJ, Anink JJ, Korshunova I, Jansen FE, Riney K, van Hecke W, Mühlebner A, Khodosevich K, Schubert D, Palma E, Mills JD, Aronica E. Impaired GABAergic regulation and developmental immaturity in interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence in the tuberous sclerosis complex. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:80. [PMID: 38714540 PMCID: PMC11076412 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons play a critical role in maintaining neural circuit balance, excitation-inhibition regulation, and cognitive function modulation. In tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), GABAergic neuron dysfunction contributes to disrupted network activity and associated neurological symptoms, assumingly in a cell type-specific manner. This GABAergic centric study focuses on identifying specific interneuron subpopulations within TSC, emphasizing the unique characteristics of medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)- and caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE)-derived interneurons. Using single-nuclei RNA sequencing in TSC patient material, we identify somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons as a unique and immature subpopulation in TSC. The disrupted maturation of SST+ interneurons may undergo an incomplete switch from excitatory to inhibitory GABAergic signaling during development, resulting in reduced inhibitory properties. Notably, this study reveals markers of immaturity specifically in SST+ interneurons, including an abnormal NKCC1/KCC2 ratio, indicating an imbalance in chloride homeostasis crucial for the postsynaptic consequences of GABAergic signaling as well as the downregulation of GABAA receptor subunits, GABRA1, and upregulation of GABRA2. Further exploration of SST+ interneurons revealed altered localization patterns of SST+ interneurons in TSC brain tissue, concentrated in deeper cortical layers, possibly linked to cortical dyslamination. In the epilepsy context, our research underscores the diverse cell type-specific roles of GABAergic interneurons in shaping seizures, advocating for precise therapeutic considerations. Moreover, this study illuminates the potential contribution of SST+ interneurons to TSC pathophysiology, offering insights for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte Scheper
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frederik N F Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gaeta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lilian J Lissner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Korshunova
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center University Medical Center, Member of ERN EpiCare, 3584 BA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Riney
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
- Neurosciences Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163, Rome, Italy
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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4
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Jing W, Zhang T, Liu J, Huang X, Yu Q, Yu H, Zhang Q, Li H, Deng M, Zhu LQ, Du H, Lu Y. A circuit of COCH neurons encodes social-stress-induced anxiety via MTF1 activation of Cacna1h. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110177. [PMID: 34965426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a temporal lobe structure critical for cognition, such as learning, memory, and attention, as well as emotional responses. Hippocampal dysfunction can lead to persistent anxiety and/or depression. However, how millions of neurons in the hippocampus are molecularly and structurally organized to engage their divergent functions remains unknown. Here, we genetically target a subset of neurons expressing the coagulation factor c homolog (COCH) gene. COCH-expressing neurons or COCH neurons are topographically segregated in the distal region of the ventral CA3 hippocampus and express Mtf1 and Cacna1h. MTF1 activation of Cacna1h transcription in COCH neurons encodes the ability of COCH neurons to burst action potentials and cause social-stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors by synapsing directly with a subset of GABAergic inhibitory neurons in the lateral septum. Together, this study provides a molecular and circuitry-based framework for understanding how COCH neurons in the hippocampus are assembled to engage social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qingping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Manfei Deng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huiyun Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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5
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Jablonski J, Hoffmann L, Blümcke I, Fejtová A, Uebe S, Ekici AB, Gnatkovsky V, Kobow K. Experimental Epileptogenesis in a Cell Culture Model of Primary Neurons from Rat Brain: A Temporal Multi-Scale Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113004. [PMID: 34831225 PMCID: PMC8616120 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding seizure development requires an integrated knowledge of different scales of organization of epileptic networks. We developed a model of “epilepsy-in-a-dish” based on dissociated primary neuronal cells from neonatal rat hippocampus. We demonstrate how a single application of glutamate stimulated neurons to generate spontaneous synchronous spiking activity with further progression into spontaneous seizure-like events after a distinct latency period. By computational analysis, we compared the observed neuronal activity in vitro with intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) data recorded from epilepsy patients and identified strong similarities, including a related sequence of events with defined onset, progression, and termination. Next, a link between the neurophysiological changes with network composition and cellular structure down to molecular changes was established. Temporal development of epileptiform network activity correlated with increased neurite outgrowth and altered branching, increased ratio of glutamatergic over GABAergic synapses, and loss of calbindin-positive interneurons, as well as genome-wide alterations in DNA methylation. Differentially methylated genes were engaged in various cellular activities related to cellular structure, intracellular signaling, and regulation of gene expression. Our data provide evidence that a single short-term excess of glutamate is sufficient to induce a cascade of events covering different scales from molecule- to network-level, all of which jointly contribute to seizure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Jablonski
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.J.); (L.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Lucas Hoffmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.J.); (L.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.J.); (L.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Steffen Uebe
- NGS Core Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.U.); (A.B.E.)
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- NGS Core Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.U.); (A.B.E.)
| | - Vadym Gnatkovsky
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.J.); (L.H.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8522859
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6
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Han GC, Jing HM, Zhang WJ, Zhang N, Li ZN, Zhang GY, Gao S, Ning JY, Li GJ. Effects of lanthanum nitrate on behavioral disorder, neuronal damage and gene expression in different developmental stages of Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicology 2021; 465:153012. [PMID: 34718030 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in the industry, agriculture, biomedicine, aerospace, etc, and have been shown to pose toxic effects on animals, as such, studies focusing on their biomedical properties are gaining wide attention. However, environmental and population health risks of REEs are still not very clear. Also, the REEs damage to the nervous system and related molecular mechanisms needs further research. In this study, the L1 and L4 stages of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans were used to evaluate the effects and possible neurotoxic mechanism of lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate (La(NO3)3·6H2O). For the L1 and L4 stage worms, the 48-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of La(NO3)3·6H2O were 93.163 and 648.0 mg/L respectively. Our results show that La(NO3)3·6H2O induces growth inhibition and defects in behavior such as body length, body width, body bending frequency, head thrashing frequency and pharyngeal pumping frequency at the L1 and L4 stages in C. elegans. The L1 stage is more sensitive to the toxicity of lanthanum than the L4 stage worms. Using transgenic strains (BZ555, EG1285 and NL5901), we found that La(NO3)3·6H2O caused the loss or break of soma and dendrite neurons in L1 and L4 stages; and α-synuclein aggregation in L1 stage, indicating that Lanthanum can cause toxic damage to dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons. Mechanistically, La(NO3)3·6H2O exposure inhibited or activated the neurotransmitter transporters and receptors (glutamate, serotonin and dopamine) in C. elegans, which regulate behavior and movement functions. Furthermore, significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found in the L4 stage C. elegans exposed to La(NO3)3·6H2O. Altogether, our data show that exposure to lanthanum can cause neuronal toxic damage and behavioral defects in C. elegans, and provide basic information for understanding the neurotoxic effect mechanism and environmental health risks of rare earth elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Chao Han
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Hai-Ming Jing
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China
| | - Zi-Nan Li
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China
| | - Guo-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China
| | - Jun-Yu Ning
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Guo-Jun Li
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, PR China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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7
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Mafi AM, Russ MG, Hofer LN, Pham VQ, Young JW, Mellott JG. Inferior collicular cells that project to the auditory thalamus are increasingly surrounded by perineuronal nets with age. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:1-15. [PMID: 34004491 PMCID: PMC8338758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The age-related loss of GABA in the inferior colliculus (IC) likely plays a role in the development of age-related hearing loss. Perineuronal nets (PNs), specialized aggregates of extracellular matrix, increase with age in the IC. PNs, associated with GABAergic neurotransmission, can stabilize synapses and inhibit structural plasticity. We sought to determine whether PN expression increased on GABAergic and non-GABAergic IC cells that project to the medial geniculate body (MG). We used retrograde tract-tracing in combination with immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin across three age groups of Fischer Brown Norway rats. Results demonstrate that PNs increase with age on lemniscal and non-lemniscal IC-MG cells, however two key differences exist. First, PNs increased on non-lemniscal IC-MG cells during middle-age, but not until old age on lemniscal IC-MG cells. Second, increases of PNs on lemniscal IC-MG cells occurred on non-GABAergic cells rather than on GABAergic cells. These results suggest that synaptic stabilization and reduced plasticity likely occur at different ages on a subset of the IC-MG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mafi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Matthew G Russ
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Lindsay N Hofer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Vincent Q Pham
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Jesse W Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Jeffrey G Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA.
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8
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Jiménez-Balado J, Eich TS. GABAergic dysfunction, neural network hyperactivity and memory impairments in human aging and Alzheimer's disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:146-159. [PMID: 33573856 PMCID: PMC8292162 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the potential role of the γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) system in age-related episodic memory impairments in humans, with a particular focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Well-established animal models have shown that GABA plays a central role in regulating and synchronizing neuronal signaling in the hippocampus, a brain area critical for episodic memory that undergoes early and significant morphologic and functional changes in the course of AD. Neuroimaging research in humans has documented hyperactivity in the hippocampus and losses of resting state functional connectivity in the Default Mode Network, a network that itself prominently includes the hippocampus-presaging episodic memory decline in individuals at-risk for AD. Apolipoprotein ε4, the highest genetic risk factor for AD, is associated with GABAergic dysfunction in animal models, and episodic memory impairments in humans. In combination, these findings suggest that GABA may be the linchpin in a complex system of factors that eventually leads to the principal clinical hallmark of AD: episodic memory loss. Here, we will review the current state of literature supporting this hypothesis. First, we will focus on the molecular and cellular basis of the GABAergic system and its role in memory and cognition. Next, we report the evidence of GABA dysregulations in AD and normal aging, both in animal models and human studies. Finally, we outline a model of GABAergic dysfunction based on the results of functional neuroimaging studies in humans, which have shown hippocampal hyperactivity to episodic memory tasks concurrent with and even preceding AD diagnosis, along with factors that may modulate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Jiménez-Balado
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Teal S Eich
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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9
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Navarro-Gonzalez C, Carceller H, Benito Vicente M, Serra I, Navarrete M, Domínguez-Canterla Y, Rodríguez-Prieto Á, González-Manteiga A, Fazzari P. Nrg1 haploinsufficiency alters inhibitory cortical circuits. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105442. [PMID: 34246770 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ERBB4 are schizophrenia (SZ) risk genes that control the development of both excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits. Most studies focused on the characterization ErbB4 deficient mice. However, ErbB4 deletion concurrently perturbs the signaling of Nrg1 and Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3), another ligand expressed in the cortex. In addition, NRG1 polymorphisms linked to SZ locate mainly in non-coding regions and they may partially reduce Nrg1 expression. Here, to study the relevance of Nrg1 partial loss-of-function in cortical circuits we characterized a recently developed haploinsufficient mouse model of Nrg1 (Nrg1tm1Lex). These mice display SZ-like behavioral deficits. The cellular and molecular underpinnings of the behavioral deficits in Nrg1tm1Lex mice remain to be established. With multiple approaches including Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), electrophysiology, quantitative imaging and molecular analysis we found that Nrg1 haploinsufficiency impairs the inhibitory cortical circuits. We observed changes in the expression of molecules involved in GABAergic neurotransmission, decreased density of Vglut1 excitatory buttons onto Parvalbumin interneurons and decreased frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Moreover, we found a decreased number of Parvalbumin positive interneurons in the cortex and altered expression of Calretinin. Interestingly, we failed to detect other alterations in excitatory neurons that were previously reported in ErbB4 null mice suggesting that the Nrg1 haploinsufficiency does not entirely phenocopies ErbB4 deletions. Altogether, this study suggests that Nrg1 haploinsufficiency primarily affects the cortical inhibitory circuits in the cortex and provides new insights into the structural and molecular synaptic impairment caused by NRG1 hypofunction in a preclinical model of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Navarro-Gonzalez
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Héctor Carceller
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marina Benito Vicente
- Laboratorio Resonancia Magnética de Investigación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Irene Serra
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Navarrete
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Domínguez-Canterla
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángela Rodríguez-Prieto
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana González-Manteiga
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pietro Fazzari
- Lab of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Gong C, Zheng X, Guo F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Chen J, Sun X, Shah SZA, Zheng Y, Li X, Yin Y, Li Q, Huang X, Guo T, Han X, Zhang SC, Wang W, Chen H. Human spinal GABA neurons alleviate spasticity and improve locomotion in rats with spinal cord injury. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108889. [PMID: 33761348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in spasticity. There is currently no effective therapy for spasticity. Here, we describe a method to efficiently differentiate human pluripotent stem cells from spinal GABA neurons. After transplantation into the injured rat spinal cord, the DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug)-expressing spinal progenitors differentiate into GABA neurons, mitigating spasticity-like response of the rat hindlimbs and locomotion deficits in 3 months. Administering clozapine-N-oxide, which activates the grafted GABA neurons, further alleviates spasticity-like response, suggesting an integration of grafted GABA neurons into the local neural circuit. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of the spinal GABA neurons for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenZi Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - FangLiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - YaNan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - XueJiao Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sayed Zulfiqar Ali Shah
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - YiFeng Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yatao Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - XiaoLin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tiecheng Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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11
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Guo M, Cui C, Song X, Jia L, Li D, Wang X, Dong H, Ma Y, Liu Y, Cui Z, Yi L, Li Z, Bi Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Duan W, Li C. Deletion of FGF9 in GABAergic neurons causes epilepsy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:196. [PMID: 33608505 PMCID: PMC7896082 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) has long been assumed to modulate multiple biological processes, yet very little is known about the impact of FGF9 on neurodevelopment. Herein, we found that loss of Fgf9 in olig1 progenitor cells induced epilepsy in mice, with pathological changes in the cortex. Then depleting Fgf9 in different neural populations revealed that epilepsy was associated with GABAergic neurons. Fgf9 CKO in GABAergic neuron (CKOVGAT) mice exhibited not only the most severe seizures, but also the most severe growth retardation and highest mortality. Fgf9 deletion in CKOVGAT mice caused neuronal apoptosis and decreased GABA expression, leading to a GABA/Glu imbalance and epilepsy. The adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP and ERK signaling pathways were activated in this process. Recombinant FGF9 proteoliposomes could significantly decrease the number of seizures. Furthermore, the decrease of FGF9 was commonly observed in serum of epileptic patients, especially those with focal seizures. Thus, FGF9 plays essential roles in GABAergic neuron survival and epilepsy pathology, which could serve as a new target for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Guo
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Duan Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Yanqin Ma
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharm. Co. Ltd, Nantong, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cui
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Le Yi
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhongyao Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Yue Bi
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Weisong Duan
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
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12
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Ruan Z, Pathak D, Venkatesan Kalavai S, Yoshii-Kitahara A, Muraoka S, Bhatt N, Takamatsu-Yukawa K, Hu J, Wang Y, Hersh S, Ericsson M, Gorantla S, Gendelman HE, Kayed R, Ikezu S, Luebke JI, Ikezu T. Alzheimer's disease brain-derived extracellular vesicles spread tau pathology in interneurons. Brain 2021; 144:288-309. [PMID: 33246331 PMCID: PMC7880668 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are highly transmissible and play critical roles in the propagation of tau pathology, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, for the first time, we comprehensively characterized the physicochemical structure and pathogenic function of human brain-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from Alzheimer's disease, prodromal Alzheimer's disease, and non-demented control cases. Alzheimer's disease extracellular vesicles were significantly enriched in epitope-specific tau oligomers in comparison to prodromal Alzheimer's disease or control extracellular vesicles as determined by dot blot and atomic force microscopy. Alzheimer's disease extracellular vesicles were more efficiently internalized by murine cortical neurons, as well as more efficient in transferring and misfolding tau, than prodromal Alzheimer's disease and control extracellular vesicles in vitro. Strikingly, the inoculation of Alzheimer's disease or prodromal Alzheimer's disease extracellular vesicles containing only 300 pg of tau into the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of 18-month-old C57BL/6 mice resulted in the accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau throughout the hippocampus by 4.5 months, whereas inoculation of an equal amount of tau from control extracellular vesicles, isolated tau oligomers, or fibrils from the same Alzheimer's disease donor showed little tau pathology. Furthermore, Alzheimer's disease extracellular vesicles induced misfolding of endogenous tau in both oligomeric and sarkosyl-insoluble forms in the hippocampal region. Unexpectedly, phosphorylated tau was primarily accumulated in glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) GABAergic interneurons and, to a lesser extent, glutamate receptor 2/3-positive excitatory mossy cells, showing preferential extracellular vesicle-mediated GABAergic interneuronal tau propagation. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of CA1 pyramidal cells showed significant reduction in the amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents. This was accompanied by reductions in c-fos+ GAD67+ neurons and GAD67+ neuronal puncta surrounding pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region, confirming reduced GABAergic transmission in this region. Our study posits a novel mechanism for the spread of tau in hippocampal GABAergic interneurons via brain-derived extracellular vesicles and their subsequent neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ruan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Dhruba Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Srinidhi Venkatesan Kalavai
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Asuka Yoshii-Kitahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Satoshi Muraoka
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kayo Takamatsu-Yukawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jianqiao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Samuel Hersh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neurosciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neurosciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Seiko Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer I Luebke
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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13
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Kang MC, Seo JA, Lee H, Uner A, Yang WM, Cruz Rodrigues KCD, Kim HJ, Li W, Campbell JN, Dagon Y, Kim YB. LRP1 regulates food intake and energy balance in GABAergic neurons independently of leptin action. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E379-E389. [PMID: 33356995 PMCID: PMC8260358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00399.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a member of LDL receptor family that plays a key role in systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis. LRP1 also regulates energy balance in the hypothalamus by mediating leptin's anorexigenic action, although the underlying neurocircuitry involved is still unclear. Because GABAergic neurons are a major mediator of hypothalamic leptin action, we studied the role of GABAergic LRP1 in energy balance and leptin action using mice lacking LRP1 in Vgat- or AgRP-expressing neurons (Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP or AgRP-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP). Here, we show that LRP1 deficiency in GABAergic neurons results in severe obesity in male and female mice fed a normal-chow diet. This effect is most likely due to increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure and locomotor activity. Increased adiposity in GABAergic neuron-specific LRP1-deficient mice is accompanied by hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in these mice are occurred without change in body weight. Importantly, LRP1 in GABAergic neurons is not required for leptin action, as evidenced by normal leptin's anorexigenic action and leptin-induced hypothalamic Stat3 phosphorylation. In contrast, LRP1 deficiency in AgRP neurons has no effect on adiposity and caloric intake. In conclusion, our data identify GABAergic neurons as a key neurocircuitry that underpins LRP1-dependent regulation of systemic energy balance and body-weight homeostasis. We further find that the GABAergic LRP1 signaling pathway modulates food intake and energy expenditure independently of leptin signaling and AgRP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Aykut Uner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Won-Mo Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John N Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yossi Dagon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Chang YC, Li WY, Lee LJH, Lee LJ. Interplay of Prenatal and Postnatal Risk Factors in the Behavioral and Histological Features of a "Two-Hit" Non-Genetic Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228518. [PMID: 33198225 PMCID: PMC7697169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a multifactorial developmental neuropsychiatric disorder. This study examined the interplay of maternal infection and postweaning social isolation, which are prenatal and postnatal risk factors, respectively. Pregnant mice received poly I:C or saline injection on gestation day 9 and the pups were weaned at postnatal day 28. After weaning, male offspring were randomly assigned into group-rearing and isolation-rearing groups. In their adulthood, we performed behavioral tests and characterized the histochemical features of their mesocorticolimbic structures. The sociability and anxiety levels were not affected by either manipulation, but synergistic effects of the two hits on stress-coping behavior was observed. Either of the single manipulations caused defects in sensorimotor gating, novel object recognition and spatial memory tests, but the combination of the two hits did not further exacerbate the disabilities. Prenatal infection increased the number of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain, whereas postweaning isolation decreased the GABAergic neurons in cortex. Single manipulation reduced the dendritic complexity and spine densities of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dentate gyrus. Our results support the current perspective that disturbances in brain development during the prenatal or postnatal period influence the structure and function of the brain and together augment the susceptibility to mental disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Wai-Yu Li
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (W.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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15
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Léger C, Dupré N, Aligny C, Bénard M, Lebon A, Henry V, Hauchecorne M, Galas L, Frebourg T, Leroux P, Vivien D, Lecointre M, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ. Glutamate controls vessel-associated migration of GABA interneurons from the pial migratory route via NMDA receptors and endothelial protease activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1959-1986. [PMID: 31392351 PMCID: PMC7229000 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During cortex development, fine interactions between pyramidal cells and migrating GABA neurons are required to orchestrate correct positioning of interneurons, but cellular and molecular mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. Functional and age-specific expression of NMDA receptors by neonate endothelial cells suggests a vascular contribution to the trophic role of glutamate during cortical development. Associating functional and loss-of-function approaches, we found that glutamate stimulates activity of the endothelial proteases MMP-9 and t-PA along the pial migratory route (PMR) and radial cortical microvessels. Activation of MMP-9 was NMDAR-dependent and abrogated in t-PA-/- mice. Time-lapse recordings revealed that glutamate stimulated migration of GABA interneurons along vessels through an NMDAR-dependent mechanism. In Gad67-GFP mice, t-PA invalidation and in vivo administration of an MMP inhibitor impaired positioning of GABA interneurons in superficial cortical layers, whereas Grin1 endothelial invalidation resulted in a strong reduction of the thickness of the pial migratory route, a marked decrease of the glutamate-induced MMP-9-like activity along the PMR and a depopulation of interneurons in superficial cortical layers. This study supports that glutamate controls the vessel-associated migration of GABA interneurons by regulating the activity of endothelial proteases. This effect requires endothelial NMDAR and is t-PA-dependent. These neurodevelopmental data reinforce the debate regarding safety of molecules with NMDA-antagonist properties administered to preterm and term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Léger
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Aligny
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Henry
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Michelle Hauchecorne
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Leroux
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Inserm, Université Caen-Normandie, Inserm, UMR-S U1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Maryline Lecointre
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.
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16
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Angara K, Pai ELL, Bilinovich SM, Stafford AM, Nguyen JT, Li KX, Paul A, Rubenstein JL, Vogt D. Nf1 deletion results in depletion of the Lhx6 transcription factor and a specific loss of parvalbumin + cortical interneurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6189-6195. [PMID: 32123116 PMCID: PMC7084085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915458117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, which encodes the protein, neurofibromin, an inhibitor of Ras activity. Cortical GABAergic interneurons (CINs) are implicated in NF1 pathology, but the cellular and molecular changes to CINs are unknown. We deleted mouse Nf1 from the medial ganglionic eminence, which gives rise to both oligodendrocytes and CINs that express somatostatin and parvalbumin. Nf1 loss led to a persistence of immature oligodendrocytes that prevented later-generated oligodendrocytes from occupying the cortex. Moreover, molecular and cellular properties of parvalbumin (PV)-positive CINs were altered by the loss of Nf1, without changes in somatostatin (SST)-positive CINs. We discovered that loss of Nf1 results in a dose-dependent decrease in Lhx6 expression, the transcription factor necessary to establish SST+ and PV+ CINs, which was rescued by the MEK inhibitor SL327, revealing a mechanism whereby a neurofibromin/Ras/MEK pathway regulates a critical CIN developmental milestone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Angara
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Stephanie M Bilinovich
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - April M Stafford
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Julie T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Katie X Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Anirban Paul
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, PennState University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503;
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
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17
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Branchereau P, Martin E, Allain AE, Cazenave W, Supiot L, Hodeib F, Laupénie A, Dalvi U, Zhu H, Cattaert D. Relaxation of synaptic inhibitory events as a compensatory mechanism in fetal SOD spinal motor networks. eLife 2019; 8:e51402. [PMID: 31868588 PMCID: PMC6974356 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons (MNs) during late adulthood. Here, with the aim of identifying early changes underpinning ALS neurodegeneration, we analyzed the GABAergic/glycinergic inputs to E17.5 fetal MNs from SOD1G93A (SOD) mice in parallel with chloride homeostasis. Our results show that IPSCs are less frequent in SOD animals in accordance with a reduction of synaptic VIAAT-positive terminals. SOD MNs exhibited an EGABAAR10 mV more depolarized than in WT MNs associated with a KCC2 reduction. Interestingly, SOD GABAergic/glycinergic IPSCs and evoked GABAAR-currents exhibited a slower decay correlated to elevated [Cl-]i. Computer simulations revealed that a slower relaxation of synaptic inhibitory events acts as compensatory mechanism to strengthen GABA/glycine inhibition when EGABAAR is more depolarized. How such mechanisms evolve during pathophysiological processes remain to be determined, but our data indicate that at least SOD1 familial ALS may be considered as a neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Martin
- University of BordeauxCNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287BordeauxFrance
| | | | | | - Laura Supiot
- University of BordeauxCNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287BordeauxFrance
| | - Fara Hodeib
- University of BordeauxCNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Urvashi Dalvi
- University of BordeauxCNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287BordeauxFrance
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- University of BordeauxCNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287BordeauxFrance
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18
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Rasmusson AM, King MW, Valovski I, Gregor K, Scioli-Salter E, Pineles SL, Hamouda M, Nillni YI, Anderson GM, Pinna G. Relationships between cerebrospinal fluid GABAergic neurosteroid levels and symptom severity in men with PTSD. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:95-104. [PMID: 30529908 PMCID: PMC6584957 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone (together termed allo + pregnan) are neurosteroid metabolites of progesterone that equipotently facilitate the action of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) at GABAA receptors. The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) allosterically antagonizes GABAA receptors and facilitates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function. In prior research, premenopausal women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) displayed low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of allo + pregnan [undifferentiated by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method used] that correlated strongly and negatively with PTSD reexperiencing and negative mood symptoms. A PTSD-related decrease in the ratio of allo + pregnan to 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP: immediate precursor for allopregnanolone) suggested a block in synthesis of these neurosteroids at 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD). In the current study, CSF was collected from unmedicated, tobacco-free men with PTSD (n = 13) and trauma-exposed healthy controls (n = 17) after an overnight fast. Individual CSF steroids were quantified separately by GC-MS. In the men with PTSD, allo + pregnan correlated negatively with Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) total (ρ=-0.74, p = 0.006) and CAPS-IV derived Simms dysphoria cluster (ρ=-0.71, p = 0.01) scores. The allo+pregnan to DHEA ratio also was negatively correlated with total CAPS (ρ=-0.74, p = 0.006) and dysphoria cluster (ρ=-0.79, p = 0.002) scores. A PTSD-related decrease in the 5α-DHP to progesterone ratio indicated a block in allopregnanolone synthesis at 5α-reductase. This study suggests that CSF allo + pregnan levels correlate negatively with PTSD and negative mood symptoms in both men and women, but that the enzyme blocks in synthesis of these neurosteroids may be sex-specific. Consideration of sex, PTSD severity, and function of 5α-reductase and 3α-HSD thus may enable better targeting of neurosteroid-based PTSD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Rasmusson
- VA National Center for PTSD Women's Health Science Division, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States.
| | - Matthew W King
- VA National Center for PTSD Women's Health Science Division, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Ivan Valovski
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Kristin Gregor
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Erica Scioli-Salter
- VA National Center for PTSD Women's Health Science Division, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Suzanne L Pineles
- VA National Center for PTSD Women's Health Science Division, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Mohamed Hamouda
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Yael I Nillni
- VA National Center for PTSD Women's Health Science Division, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - George M Anderson
- Child Study Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
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19
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Bilkei-Gorzo A, Albayram O, Ativie F, Chasan S, Zimmer T, Bach K, Zimmer A. Cannabinoid 1 receptor signaling on GABAergic neurons influences astrocytes in the ageing brain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202566. [PMID: 30114280 PMCID: PMC6095551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, key regulators of brain homeostasis, interact with neighboring glial cells, neurons and the vasculature through complex processes involving different signaling pathways. It is not entirely clear how these interactions change in the ageing brain and which factors influence astrocyte ageing. Here, we investigate the role of endocannabinoid signaling, because it is an important modulator of neuron and astrocyte functions, as well as brain ageing. We demonstrate that mice with a specific deletion of CB1 receptors on GABAergic neurons (GABA-Cnr1-/- mice), which show a phenotype of accelerated brain ageing, affects age-related changes in the morphology of astrocytes in the hippocampus. Thus, GABA-Cnr1-/- mice showed a much more pronounced age-related and layer-specific increase in GFAP-positive areas in the hippocampus compared to wild-type animals. The number of astrocytes, in contrast, was similar between the two genotypes. Astrocytes in the hippocampus of old GABA-Cnr1-/- mice also showed a different morphology with enhanced GFAP-positive process branching and a less polarized intrahippocampal distribution. Furthermore, astrocytic TNFα levels were higher in GABA-Cnr1-/- mice, indicating that these morphological changes were accompanied by a more pro-inflammatory function. These findings demonstrate that the disruption of endocannabinoid signaling on GABAergic neurons is accompanied by functional changes in astrocyte activity, which are relevant to brain ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Onder Albayram
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Ativie
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Safak Chasan
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Till Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karsten Bach
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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20
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Bird CW, Taylor DH, Pinkowski NJ, Chavez GJ, Valenzuela CF. Long-term Reductions in the Population of GABAergic Interneurons in the Mouse Hippocampus following Developmental Ethanol Exposure. Neuroscience 2018; 383:60-73. [PMID: 29753864 PMCID: PMC5994377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to ethanol leads to a constellation of cognitive and behavioral abnormalities known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Many cell types throughout the central nervous system are negatively impacted by gestational alcohol exposure, including inhibitory, GABAergic interneurons. Little evidence exists, however, describing the long-term impact of fetal alcohol exposure on survival of interneurons within the hippocampal formation, which is critical for learning and memory processes that are impaired in individuals with FASDs. Mice expressing Venus yellow fluorescent protein in inhibitory interneurons were exposed to vaporized ethanol during the third trimester equivalent of human gestation (postnatal days 2-9), and the long-term effects on interneuron numbers were measured using unbiased stereology at P90. In adulthood, interneuron populations were reduced in every hippocampal region examined. Moreover, we found that a single exposure to ethanol at P7 caused robust activation of apoptotic neurodegeneration of interneurons in the hilus, granule cell layer, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. These studies demonstrate that developmental ethanol exposure has a long-term impact on hippocampal interneuron survivability, and may provide a mechanism partially explaining deficits in hippocampal function and hippocampus-dependent behaviors in those afflicted with FASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Bird
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Devin H Taylor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Natalie J Pinkowski
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - G Jill Chavez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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21
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Guidi S, Giacomini A, Stagni F, Emili M, Uguagliati B, Bonasoni MP, Bartesaghi R. Abnormal development of the inferior temporal region in fetuses with Down syndrome. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:986-998. [PMID: 29509279 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition associated with impairment in several cognitive domains. Previous evidence showed a notable neurogenesis reduction in the hippocampal region of DS fetuses, which may account for the impairment of declarative memory that characterizes DS starting from early life stages. The fusiform gyrus (FG) and the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) play a key role in visual recognition memory, a function that is impaired in children and adults with DS. The goal of the current study was to establish whether fetuses with DS (17-21 weeks of gestation) exhibit neuroanatomical alterations in the FG and ITG that may underlie recognition memory impairment. We found that the FG and ITG of fetuses with DS had a reduced thickness and fewer cells in comparison with euploid fetuses. Moreover, DS fetuses had fewer cells expressing the neuronal marker NeuN than euploid fetuses, but a similar number of cells expressing the astrocytic marker GFAP and, consequently, a higher percentage of astrocytes. Immunohistochemistry for calretinin (CR), a marker of GABAergic interneurons, showed that in DS fetuses the ratio of CR-positive vs. CR-negative cells was greater than in euploid fetuses, both in the FG (177%) and ITG (161%). An increased ratio of CR-positive vs. CR-negative cells was also found in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Results provide novel evidence that the FG and ITG of DS fetuses exhibit numerous developmental defects. These defects may underlie the functional alterations in visual recognition memory observed in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Stagni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Emili
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Uguagliati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Nichols J, Bjorklund GR, Newbern J, Anderson T. Parvalbumin fast-spiking interneurons are selectively altered by paediatric traumatic brain injury. J Physiol 2018; 596:1277-1293. [PMID: 29333742 PMCID: PMC5878227 DOI: 10.1113/jp275393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children remains a leading cause of death and disability and it remains poorly understood why children have worse outcomes and longer recover times. TBI has shown to alter cortical excitability and inhibitory drive onto excitatory neurons, yet few studies have directly examined changes to cortical interneurons. This is addressed in the present study using a clinically relevant model of severe TBI (controlled cortical impact) in interneuron cell type specific Cre-dependent mice. Mice subjected to controlled cortical impact exhibit specific loss of parvalbumin (PV) but not somatostatin immunoreactivity and cell density in the peri-injury zone. PV interneurons are primarily of a fast-spiking (FS) phenotype that persisted in the peri-injury zone but received less frequent inhibitory and stronger excitatory post-synaptic currents. The targeted loss of PV-FS interneurons appears to be distinct from previous reports in adult mice suggesting that TBI-induced pathophysiology is dependent on the age at time of impact. ABSTRACT Paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Traditionally, ongoing neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity have been considered to confer children with an advantage following TBI. However, recent findings indicate that the paediatric brain may be more sensitive to brain injury. Inhibitory interneurons are essential for proper cortical function and are implicated in the pathophysiology of TBI, yet few studies have directly investigated TBI-induced changes to interneurons themselves. Accordingly, in the present study, we examine how inhibitory neurons are altered following controlled cortical impact (CCI) in juvenile mice with targeted Cre-dependent fluorescence labelling of interneurons (Vgat:Cre/Ai9 and PV:Cre/Ai6). Although CCI failed to alter the number of excitatory neurons or somatostatin-expressing interneurons in the peri-injury zone, it significantly decreased the density of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive cells by 71%. However, PV:Cre/Ai6 mice subjected to CCI showed a lower extent of fluorescence labelled cell loss. PV interneurons are predominantly of a fast-spiking (FS) phenotype and, when recorded electrophysiologically from the peri-injury zone, exhibited intrinsic properties similar to those of control neurons. Synaptically, CCI induced a decrease in inhibitory drive onto FS interneurons combined with an increase in the strength of excitatory events. The results of the present study indicate that CCI induced both a loss of PV interneurons and an even greater loss of PV expression. This suggests caution is required when interpreting changes in PV immunoreactivity alone as direct evidence of interneuronal loss. Furthermore, in contrast to reports in adults, TBI in the paediatric brain selectively alters PV-FS interneurons, primarily resulting in a loss of interneuronal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nichols
- University of ArizonaCollege of Medicine – PhoenixPhoenixAZUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityAZUSA
| | | | - Jason Newbern
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityAZUSA
| | - Trent Anderson
- University of ArizonaCollege of Medicine – PhoenixPhoenixAZUSA
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23
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Huo HQ, Qu ZY, Yuan F, Ma L, Yao L, Xu M, Hu Y, Ji J, Bhattacharyya A, Zhang SC, Liu Y. Modeling Down Syndrome with Patient iPSCs Reveals Cellular and Migration Deficits of GABAergic Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2018. [PMID: 29526735 PMCID: PMC5998838 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain of Down syndrome (DS) patients exhibits fewer interneurons in the cerebral cortex, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. By morphometric analysis of cortical interneurons generated from DS and euploid induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we found that DS GABA neurons are smaller and with fewer neuronal processes. The proportion of calretinin over calbindin GABA neurons is reduced, and the neuronal migration capacity is decreased. Such phenotypes were replicated following transplantation of the DS GABAergic progenitors into the mouse medial septum. Gene expression profiling revealed altered cell migratory pathways, and correction of the PAK1 pathway mitigated the cell migration deficit in vitro. These results suggest that impaired migration of DS GABAergic neurons may contribute to the reduced number of interneurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in DS patients. DS iPSC-derived GABA interneurons show cellular deficits DS GABA interneurons exhibit decreased migration in vitro and in vivo RNA-seq reveals that expression of PAK1 is disrupted in the DS interneurons Regulation of PAK1 pathway rescues the defects of migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhuang-Yin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology and Neuroscience University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology and Neuroscience University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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André EM, Daviaud N, Sindji L, Cayon J, Perrot R, Montero-Menei CN. A novel ex vivo Huntington's disease model for studying GABAergic neurons and cell grafts by laser microdissection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193409. [PMID: 29505597 PMCID: PMC5837106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotypic brain slice cultures have been recently used to study neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease (HD). They preserve brain three-dimensional architecture, synaptic connectivity and brain cells microenvironment. Here, we developed an innovative model of Huntington’s disease from coronal rat brain slices, that include all the areas involved in the pathology. HD-like neurodegeneration was obtained in only one week, in a single step, during organotypic slice preparation, without the use of neurotoxins. HD-like histopathology was analysed and after one week, a reduction of 40% of medium spiny neurons was observed. To analyse new therapeutic approaches in this innovative HD model, we developed a novel protocol of laser microdissection to isolate and analyse by RT-qPCR, grafted cells as well as surrounding tissue of fresh organotypic slices. We determined that laser microdissection could be performed on a 400μm organotypic slice after alcohol dehydration protocol, allowing the analysis of mRNA expression in the rat tissue as well as in grafted cells. In conclusion, we developed a new approach for modeling Huntington's disease ex vivo, and provided a useful innovative method for screening new potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases especially when associated with laser microdissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. André
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - N. Daviaud
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - L. Sindji
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - J. Cayon
- PACEM, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - R. Perrot
- SCIAM, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - C. N. Montero-Menei
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
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Kim YB, Kim WB, Jung WW, Jin X, Kim YS, Kim B, Han HC, Block GD, Colwell CS, Kim YI. Excitatory GABAergic Action and Increased Vasopressin Synthesis in Hypothalamic Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells Underlie the High Plasma Level of Vasopressin in Diabetic Rats. Diabetes 2018; 67:486-495. [PMID: 29212780 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased plasma levels of arginine-vasopressin (AVP), which may aggravate hyperglycemia and nephropathy. However, the mechanisms by which DM may cause the increased AVP levels are not known. Electrophysiological recordings in supraoptic nucleus (SON) slices from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM rats and vehicle-treated control rats revealed that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) functions generally as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the AVP neurons of STZ rats, whereas it usually evokes inhibitory responses in the cells of control animals. Furthermore, Western blotting analyses of Cl- transporters in the SON tissues indicated that Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isotype 1 (a Cl- importer) was upregulated and K+-Cl- cotransporter isotype 2 (KCC2; a Cl- extruder) was downregulated in STZ rats. Treatment with CLP290 (a KCC2 activator) significantly lowered blood AVP and glucose levels in STZ rats. Last, investigation that used rats expressing an AVP-enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion gene showed that AVP synthesis in AVP neurons was much more intense in STZ rats than in control rats. We conclude that altered Cl- homeostasis that makes GABA excitatory and enhanced AVP synthesis are important changes in AVP neurons that would increase AVP secretion in DM. Our data suggest that Cl- transporters in AVP neurons are potential targets of antidiabetes treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Beom Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Bin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Jung
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangyan Jin
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sik Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Han
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gene D Block
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yang In Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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DeSimone JC, Pappas SS, Febo M, Burciu RG, Shukla P, Colon-Perez LM, Dauer WT, Vaillancourt DE. Forebrain knock-out of torsinA reduces striatal free-water and impairs whole-brain functional connectivity in a symptomatic mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:124-132. [PMID: 28673740 PMCID: PMC5555738 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence implicate striatal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of dystonia, including in DYT1, a common inherited form of the disease. The impact of striatal dysfunction on connected motor circuits and their interaction with other brain regions is poorly understood. Conditional knock-out (cKO) of the DYT1 protein torsinA from forebrain cholinergic and GABAergic neurons creates a symptomatic model that recapitulates many characteristics of DYT1 dystonia, including the developmental onset of overt twisting movements that are responsive to antimuscarinic drugs. We performed diffusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI on cKO mice of either sex to define abnormalities of diffusivity and functional connectivity in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar networks. The striatum was the only region to exhibit an abnormality of diffusivity, indicating a selective microstructural deficit in cKO mice. The striatum of cKO mice exhibited widespread increases in functional connectivity with somatosensory cortex, thalamus, vermis, cerebellar cortex and nuclei, and brainstem. The current study provides the first in vivo support that direct pathological insult to forebrain torsinA in a symptomatic mouse model of DYT1 dystonia can engage genetically normal hindbrain regions into an aberrant connectivity network. These findings have important implications for the assignment of a causative region in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C DeSimone
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Samuel S Pappas
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Roxana G Burciu
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Priyank Shukla
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luis M Colon-Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - William T Dauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Buckmaster PS, Abrams E, Wen X. Seizure frequency correlates with loss of dentate gyrus GABAergic neurons in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2592-2610. [PMID: 28425097 PMCID: PMC5963263 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy occurs in one of 26 people. Temporal lobe epilepsy is common and can be difficult to treat effectively. It can develop after brain injuries that damage the hippocampus. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms involving the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been proposed. This study evaluated a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy to test which pathological changes in the dentate gyrus correlate with seizure frequency and help prioritize potential mechanisms for further study. FVB mice (n = 127) that had experienced status epilepticus after systemic treatment with pilocarpine 31-61 days earlier were video-monitored for spontaneous, convulsive seizures 9 hr/day every day for 24-36 days. Over 4,060 seizures were observed. Seizure frequency ranged from an average of one every 3.6 days to one every 2.1 hr. Hippocampal sections were processed for Nissl stain, Prox1-immunocytochemistry, GluR2-immunocytochemistry, Timm stain, glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunocytochemistry, glutamic acid decarboxylase in situ hybridization, and parvalbumin-immunocytochemistry. Stereological methods were used to measure hilar ectopic granule cells, mossy cells, mossy fiber sprouting, astrogliosis, and GABAergic interneurons. Seizure frequency was not significantly correlated with the generation of hilar ectopic granule cells, the number of mossy cells, the extent of mossy fiber sprouting, the extent of astrogliosis, or the number of GABAergic interneurons in the molecular layer or hilus. Seizure frequency significantly correlated with the loss of GABAergic interneurons in or adjacent to the granule cell layer, but not with the loss of parvalbumin-positive interneurons. These findings prioritize the loss of granule cell layer interneurons for further testing as a potential cause of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Buckmaster
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Emily Abrams
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Xiling Wen
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Macht VA, Kelly SJ, Gass JT. Sex-specific effects of developmental alcohol exposure on cocaine-induced place preference in adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2017; 332:259-268. [PMID: 28600000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is associated with high rates of drug addiction in adulthood. One possible basis for increased drug use in this population is altered sensitivity to drug-associated contexts. This experiment utilized a rat model of FASD to examine behavioral and neural changes in the processing of drug cues in adulthood. Alcohol was given by intragastric intubation to pregnant rats throughout gestation and to rat pups during the early postnatal period (ET group). Controls consisted of a non-treated group (NC) and a pair-fed group given the intubation procedure without alcohol (IC). On postnatal day (PD) 90, rats from all treatment groups were given saline, 0.3mg/kg, 3.0mg/kg, or 10.0mg/kg cocaine pairings with a specific context in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. While control animals of both sexes showed cocaine CPP at the 3.0 and 10.0mg/kg doses, ET females also showed cocaine CPP at 0.3mg/kg. This was accompanied by a decrease in c-Fos/GAD67 cells in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and GAD67-only cells in the NAc shell and PFC at this 0.3mg/kg dose. ET males failed to show cocaine CPP at the 3.0mg/kg dose. This was associated with an increase in c-Fos only-labeled cells in the NAc core and PFC at this 3.0mg/kg dose. These results suggest that developmental alcohol exposure has a sexually-dimorphic effect on cocaine's conditioning effects in adulthood and the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Macht
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Sandra J Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Justin T Gass
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Vaillend C, Chaussenot R. Relationships linking emotional, motor, cognitive and GABAergic dysfunctions in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1041-1055. [PMID: 28087735 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene have been associated with enhanced stress reactivity in vertebrate species, suggesting a role for brain dystrophin in fear-related behavioral and cognitive processes. Because the loss of dystrophin (Dp427) reduces clustering of central γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors, it is suspected that local inhibitory tuning and modulation of neuronal excitability are perturbed in a distributed brain circuit that normally controls such critical behavioral functions. In this study, we undertook a large-scale behavioral study to evaluate fear-related behavioral disturbances in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. We first characterized the behavioral determinants of the enhanced fearfulness displayed by mdx mice following mild acute stress and its association with increased anxiety and altered fear memories. We further demonstrated that this enhanced fearfulness induces long-lasting motor inhibition, suggesting that neurobehavioral dysfunctions significantly influence motor outcome measures in this model. We also found that mdx mice are more sensitive to the sedative and hypnotic effects of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol hydrochlorid (THIP), a selective pharmacological activator of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors involved in central tonic inhibition. Our results highlight that information on the emotional aspects of mdx mice are important to better understand the bases of intellectual and neuropsychiatric defects in DMD and to better define valuable functional readouts for preclinical studies. Our data also support the hypothesis that altered spatial localization of GABAA receptors due to Dp427 loss is a pathological mechanism associated with brain dysfunction in DMD, suggesting that extrasynaptic GABAA receptors might be candidate targets for future therapeutic developments.
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Wang LK, Chen X, Zhang CQ, Liang C, Wei YJ, Yue J, Liu SY, Yang H. Elevated Expression of TRPC4 in Cortical Lesions of Focal Cortical Dysplasia II and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:222-231. [PMID: 28455787 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD II) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are well-known causes of chronic refractory epilepsy in children. Canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are non-selective cation channels that are commonly activated by phospholipase C (PLC) stimulation. Previous studies found that TRPC4 may participate in the process of epileptogenesis. This study aimed to examine the expression and distribution of TRPC4 in FCD II (n = 24) and TSC (n = 11) surgical specimens compared with that in age-matched autopsy control samples (n = 12). We found that the protein levels of TRPC4 and its upstream factor, PLC delta 1 (PLCD1), were elevated in FCD II and TSC samples compared to those of control samples. Immunohistochemistry assays revealed that TRPC4 staining was stronger in malformed cells, such as dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells and giant cells. Moderate-to-strong staining of the upstream factor PLCD1 was also identified in abnormal neurons. Moreover, double immunofluorescence staining revealed that TRPC4 was colocalised with glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron markers. Taken together, our results indicate that overexpression of TRPC4 protein may be involved in the epileptogenesis of FCD II and TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Kang Wang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wei
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiong Yue
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Fu R, Chen X, Zuo W, Li J, Kang S, Zhou LH, Siegel A, Bekker A, Ye JH. Ablation of μ opioid receptor-expressing GABA neurons in rostromedial tegmental nucleus increases ethanol consumption and regulates ethanol-related behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:58-67. [PMID: 26921770 PMCID: PMC4912850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), given its potential regulatory role in many aversion-related behaviors. The RMTg contains mostly GABAergic neurons, sends a dense inhibitory projection to dopamine neurons in the midbrain, and is rich with μ-opioid receptors (MOR). Like most addictive drugs, ethanol has both aversive and rewarding properties. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of ethanol, particularly the aversive effect that limits its intake are not well understood. Recent studies have linked aversion with synaptic inhibition of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. To determine a potential role that the RMTg plays in the effect of ethanol, in this study, we employed a neurotoxin, dermorphin-saporin (DS), to lesion RMTg neurons prior to assessing ethanol-related behaviors. Rats were infused with DS bilaterally into the RMTg. This manipulation substantially increased the intake and preference for ethanol but not sucrose. It also reduced the number of neurons with MOR and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactivity within the RMTg. These changes did not occur after intra-RMTg infusion of blank saporin or vehicle. Importantly, intra-RMTg DS infusion significantly enhanced expression of conditioned place preference induced by ethanol (2 g/kg, i.p.), and slowed the extinction process. These results suggest that MOR-expressing GABAergic neurons in the RMTg contribute significantly to the regulation of ethanol consumption and related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, (LHZ)
| | - Allan Siegel
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Moore AM, Campbell RE. The neuroendocrine genesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: A role for arcuate nucleus GABA neurons. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:106-17. [PMID: 26455490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and distressing endocrine disorder lacking a clearly identified aetiology. Despite its name, PCOS may result from impaired neuronal circuits in the brain that regulate steroid hormone feedback to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Ovarian function in all mammals is controlled by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, a small group of neurons that reside in the pre-optic area of the hypothalamus. GnRH neurons drive the secretion of the gonadotropins from the pituitary gland that subsequently control ovarian function, including the production of gonadal steroid hormones. These hormones, in turn, provide important feedback signals to GnRH neurons via a hormone sensitive neuronal network in the brain. In many women with PCOS this feedback pathway is impaired, resulting in the downstream consequences of the syndrome. This review will explore what is currently known from clinical and animal studies about the identity, relative contribution and significance of the individual neuronal components within the GnRH neuronal network that contribute to the pathophysiology of PCOS. We review evidence for the specific neuronal pathways hypothesised to mediate progesterone negative feedback to GnRH neurons, and discuss the potential mechanisms by which androgens may evoke disruptions in these circuits at different developmental time points. Finally, this review discusses data providing compelling support for disordered progesterone-sensitive GABAergic input to GnRH neurons, originating specifically within the arcuate nucleus in prenatal androgen induced forms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleisha M Moore
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca E Campbell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Zhuravleva ZN, Hutsyan SS, Zhuravlev GI. [Phenotypic Differentiation of Neurons in Intraocular Transplants]. Ontogenez 2016; 47:181-188. [PMID: 30272418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurochemical differentiation of neurons in transplants developing in rat anterior eye chamber was studied. Pieces of the somatosensory neocortex area, isolated from 17-day fetuses of Wistar rats, were used for the transplantation. The general cytological analysis and immunochemical identification of GABAergic neurons in neocortical transplants and in the appropriate brain area of the recipient rats (control) were carried out after 6 months. Cytoarchitectonics typical for neocortex was not revealed in the transplants. Furthermore, a 1.4-fold decrease in numerical density of the entire neuron population was found compared to the control. The proportion of GABAergic nerve cells in the transplanted tissue was reduced even more dramatically— by 13.1 times. The dimensions of all types of neurons, especially GABAergic cells, were greater in the transplants in oculo compared to neocortex in situ. The increase in size occurred mostly due to the cytoplasm. Thus, the nuclei of GABA-positive neurons in the transplants were larger by 1.2 times compared to the control and their perikarya were larger by 1.5 times. The obtained results showed that the conditions in the anterior eye chamber the most dramatically affect the differentiation of GABAergic neurons, and cell hypertrophy, probably, is the functional compensation of the decrease in their number. Considering the literature data on the increased excitability and synchronized neuronal activity in the intraocular transplants, it can be assumed that these transplants can be used as a model for studying the cellular mechanisms of nervous tissue epileptization under disinhibition conditions.
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Khozhai LI, Ilyichova NV. [FORMATION OF GABA-ERGIC NEURAL NETWORK IN BÖTZINGER COMPLEX IN RATS DURING EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD IN NORM AND IN PRENATAL DEFICIENCY OF ENDOGENOUS SEROTONIN]. Morfologiia 2016; 150:44-49. [PMID: 30136827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the distribution of GABAergic neurons and neurons expressing different types of GABA receptors (GABAAα1 and GABAB1) was studied in Bötzingercomplex (BötC) in the early postnatal period (the period of functional maturation of the respiratory system in mammals) in norm and prenatal reduction of serotonin content in Wistar rats. The brain was studied on postnatal Days 5, 9 and 20 in two groups of rat pups: control (n=9), born by intact females, and experimental (n=13), born from mothers that received parachlorophenylalanine, causing the depression of endogenous serotonin level. Imunocytochemical methods were used to detect the neurons producing GABA and expressing GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptors. It was shown that the maturation of the inhibitory GABAergic network in BötC occurred in the early postnatal period (by Day 9). Simultaneously with GABA, the expression of GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptors took place, however their maturation has the distinctive features. The formation of GABAAα1 receptors occurred earlier (by Day 9) and coincided in time with the expression of GABA. The maturation of GABAB1 receptors happened later — only by the third week. Prenatal serotonin deficiency caused a delay in the expression of GABA and GABAAα1 receptors by the neurons of BötC, as well as the disruption of the formation of a network of terminals and synapses containing GABA, GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptors.
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Nicholas R, Magliozzi R, Campbell G, Mahad D, Reynolds R. Temporal lobe cortical pathology and inhibitory GABA interneuron cell loss are associated with seizures in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2016; 22:25-35. [PMID: 25921040 PMCID: PMC4702245 DOI: 10.1177/1352458515579445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seizures are recognised in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their true incidence and the mechanism by which they are associated with MS is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to determine the lifetime frequency of seizures in the United Kingdom MS Tissue Bank (UKMSTB) population and any pathological features associated with seizures. METHODS We evaluated 255 individuals from the UKMSTB. A subset underwent analysis of cortical thickness, grey matter lesion (GML) (type and number) and cortical neuronal numbers (total and GABAergic). RESULTS A total of 37/255 patients had seizures (14.5% lifetime incidence); in 47% they were associated with concurrent infection. In those with seizures, death and wheelchair use occurred earlier and in 59% seizures developed after 15 years of disease. Seizures were associated with Type 1 GMLs and reduced cortical thickness in the middle temporal gyrus. Localised selective GABAergic interneuron loss in layers IV and VI was related to GMLs but was not explained by the presence of inflammation or by mitochondrial dysfunction within Type I GMLs. CONCLUSION We confirm that seizure frequency rises in MS. Type I GMLs in the temporal lobe underlie a loss of inhibitory interneurons in cortical layers IV and VI and these changes could together with concurrent infection enhance susceptibility to seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Nicholas
- UK Multiple Sclerosis Tissue Bank, Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, UK
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- UK Multiple Sclerosis Tissue Bank, Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, UK/Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Don Mahad
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, UK/Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- UK Multiple Sclerosis Tissue Bank, Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, UK
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Mishra V, Shuai B, Kodali M, Shetty GA, Hattiangady B, Rao X, Shetty AK. Resveratrol Treatment after Status Epilepticus Restrains Neurodegeneration and Abnormal Neurogenesis with Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17807. [PMID: 26639668 PMCID: PMC4671086 DOI: 10.1038/srep17807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiepileptic drug therapy, though beneficial for restraining seizures, cannot thwart status epilepticus (SE) induced neurodegeneration or down-stream detrimental changes. We investigated the efficacy of resveratrol (RESV) for preventing SE-induced neurodegeneration, abnormal neurogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus. We induced SE in young rats and treated with either vehicle or RESV, commencing an hour after SE induction and continuing every hour for three-hours on SE day and twice daily thereafter for 3 days. Seizures were terminated in both groups two-hours after SE with a diazepam injection. In contrast to the vehicle-treated group, the hippocampus of animals receiving RESV during and after SE presented no loss of glutamatergic neurons in hippocampal cell layers, diminished loss of inhibitory interneurons expressing parvalbumin, somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in the dentate gyrus, reduced aberrant neurogenesis with preservation of reelin + interneurons, lowered concentration of oxidative stress byproduct malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha, normalized expression of oxidative stress responsive genes and diminished numbers of activated microglia. Thus, 4 days of RESV treatment after SE is efficacious for thwarting glutamatergic neuron degeneration, alleviating interneuron loss and abnormal neurogenesis, and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. These results have implications for restraining SE-induced chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Mishra
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bing Shuai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Geetha A. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bharathi Hattiangady
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolan Rao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
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Woltjer RL, Reese LC, Richardson BE, Tran H, Green S, Pham T, Chalupsky M, Gabriel I, Light T, Sanford L, Jeong SY, Hamada J, Schwanemann LK, Rogers C, Gregory A, Hogarth P, Hayflick SJ. Pallidal neuronal apolipoprotein E in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration recapitulates ischemic injury to the globus pallidus. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:289-97. [PMID: 26547561 PMCID: PMC4688119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a progressive movement disorder that is due to mutations in PANK2. Pathologically, it is a member of a class of diseases known as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) and features increased tissue iron and ubiquitinated proteinaceous aggregates in the globus pallidus. We have previously determined that these aggregates represent condensed residue derived from degenerated pallidal neurons. However, the protein content, other than ubiquitin, of these aggregates remains unknown. In the present study, we performed biochemical and immunohistochemical studies to characterize these aggregates and found them to be enriched in apolipoprotein E that is poorly soluble in detergent solutions. However, we did not determine a significant association between APOE genotype and the clinical phenotype of disease in our database of 81 cases. Rather, we frequently identified similar ubiquitin- and apolipoprotein E-enriched lesions in these neurons in non-PKAN patients in the penumbrae of remote infarcts that involve the globus pallidus, and occasionally in other brain sites that contain large γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. Our findings, taken together, suggest that tissue or cellular hypoxic/ischemic injury within the globus pallidus may underlie the pathogenesis of PKAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Lindsay C Reese
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Brian E Richardson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Huong Tran
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Sarah Green
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Thao Pham
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Megan Chalupsky
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Isabella Gabriel
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Tyler Light
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Lynn Sanford
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Suh Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hamada
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Leila K Schwanemann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Caleb Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Allison Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Penelope Hogarth
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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Ang ST, Lee ATH, Foo FC, Ng L, Low CM, Khanna S. GABAergic neurons of the medial septum play a nodal role in facilitation of nociception-induced affect. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15419. [PMID: 26487082 PMCID: PMC4614072 DOI: 10.1038/srep15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the functional details of the influence of medial septal region (MSDB) on spectrum of nociceptive behaviours by manipulating intraseptal GABAergic mechanisms. Results showed that formalin-induced acute nociception was not affected by intraseptal microinjection of bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist, or on selective lesion of septal GABAergic neurons. Indeed, the acute nociceptive responses were dissociated from the regulation of sensorimotor behaviour and generation of theta-rhythm by the GABAergic mechanisms in MSDB. The GABAergic lesion attenuated formalin-induced unconditioned cellular response in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and blocked formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA), and as well as the contextual fear induced on conditioning with brief footshock. The effects of lesion on nociceptive-conditioned cellular responses were, however, variable. Interestingly, the lesion attenuated the conditioned representation of experimental context in dorsal hippocampus field CA1 in the F-CPA task. Collectively, the preceding suggests that the MSDB is a nodal centre wherein the GABAergic neurons mediate nociceptive affect-motivation by regulating cellular mechanisms in ACC that confer an aversive value to the noxious stimulus. Further, in conjunction with a modulatory influence on hippocampal contextual processing, MSDB may integrate affect with context as part of associative learning in the F-CPA task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Ting Ang
- Departments of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore
| | - Andy Thiam Huat Lee
- Departments of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore
| | - Fang Chee Foo
- Departments of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore
| | - Lynn Ng
- Departments of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore
- Departments of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Khanna
- Departments of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore
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Huang L, Zhao S, Lu W, Guan S, Zhu Y, Wang JH. Acidosis-Induced Dysfunction of Cortical GABAergic Neurons through Astrocyte-Related Excitotoxicity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140324. [PMID: 26474076 PMCID: PMC4608795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acidosis impairs cognitions and behaviors presumably by acidification-induced changes in neuronal metabolism. Cortical GABAergic neurons are vulnerable to pathological factors and their injury leads to brain dysfunction. How acidosis induces GABAergic neuron injury remains elusive. As the glia cells and neurons interact each other, we intend to examine the role of the astrocytes in acidosis-induced GABAergic neuron injury. RESULTS Experiments were done at GABAergic cells and astrocytes in mouse cortical slices. To identify astrocytic involvement in acidosis-induced impairment, we induced the acidification in single GABAergic neuron by infusing proton intracellularly or in both neurons and astrocytes by using proton extracellularly. Compared the effects of intracellular acidification and extracellular acidification on GABAergic neurons, we found that their active intrinsic properties and synaptic outputs appeared more severely impaired in extracellular acidosis than intracellular acidosis. Meanwhile, extracellular acidosis deteriorated glutamate transporter currents on the astrocytes and upregulated excitatory synaptic transmission on the GABAergic neurons. Moreover, the antagonists of glutamate NMDA-/AMPA-receptors partially reverse extracellular acidosis-induced injury in the GABAergic neurons. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that acidosis leads to the dysfunction of cortical GABAergic neurons by astrocyte-mediated excitotoxicity, in addition to their metabolic changes as indicated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, China 233000
| | - Shidi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, China 233000
| | - Wei Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders in Shandong, Qingdao University, Medical College, 38 Dengzhou, Shandong China 266021
| | - Sudong Guan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, China 233000
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, China 233000
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China 100101
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Korotkov AA, Glazova MV, Nikitina LS, Dorofeeva NA, Kirillova OD, Chernigovskaya EV. [MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ERK1/2 KINASES REGULATION IN THE GLUTAMATE- AND GABA-ERGIC NEURONS DURING SEIZURE EXPRESSION IN KRUSHINSKY-MOLODKINA RATS]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2015; 101:1135-1149. [PMID: 26827493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze a role of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the regulation of excitation and inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus and the temporal cortex of Krushinsky-Molodkina rats during seizure development finalizing with ataxia. Analysis was done by Western bloting as well as by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated significant up-regulation of ERK1/2 activity in the hippocampus in several seconds after sound stimulation. At the same time increased ERK1/2 activity was correlated with enhanced level of SNARE protein SNAP-25 and activation of synapsin I, the proteins which regulate exocytosis machinery. Decreased level of VGLUT2 associated with activation of ERK1/2 and exocytosis proteins supposed activation of glutamate release in the hippocampus, while in the temporal cortex diminished activity of ERK1/2 and synapsin I associated with VGLUT2 up-regulation assumed inhibition of glutamatergic transmission. Our data let us supposed that decreasing of glutamate release in th& temporal cortex could be a trigger for the inhibition of hippocampal glutamatergic system and the beginning of further ataxia stage. Our data demonstrated correlation between expression and activity of exocytosis proteins and ERK1/2 mainly in the glutamategic neurons of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex that let us proposed significant role of ERK1/2 kinases as a positive regulator of glutamate release and as a result initiation of seizure expression.
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Newkirk GS, Hoon M, Wong RO, Detwiler PB. Response Properties of a Newly Identified Tristratified Narrow Field Amacrine Cell in the Mouse Retina. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137702. [PMID: 26352594 PMCID: PMC4564219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amacrine cells were targeted for whole cell recording using two-photon fluorescence microscopy in a transgenic mouse line in which the promoter for dopamine receptor 2 drove expression of green fluorescent protein in a narrow field tristratified amacrine cell (TNAC) that had not been studied previously. Light evoked a multiphasic response that was the sum of hyperpolarizing and depolarization synaptic inputs consistent with distinct dendritic ramifications in the off and on sublamina of the inner plexiform layer. The amplitude and waveform of the response, which consisted of an initial brief hyperpolarization at light onset followed by recovery to a plateau potential close to dark resting potential and a hyperpolarizing response at the light offset varied little over an intensity range from 0.4 to ~10^6 Rh*/rod/s. This suggests that the cell functions as a differentiator that generates an output signal (a transient reduction in inhibitory input to downstream retina neurons) that is proportional to the derivative of light input independent of its intensity. The underlying circuitry appears to consist of rod and cone driven on and off bipolar cells that provide direct excitatory input to the cell as well as to GABAergic amacrine cells that are synaptically coupled to TNAC. Canonical reagents that blocked excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABA and glycine) synaptic transmission had effects on responses to scotopic stimuli consistent with the rod driven component of the proposed circuit. However, responses evoked by photopic stimuli were paradoxical and could not be interpreted on the basis of conventional thinking about the neuropharmacology of synaptic interactions in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. S. Newkirk
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics and Program in Neurobiology & Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSN); (PBD)
| | - M. Hoon
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - R. O. Wong
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - P. B. Detwiler
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics and Program in Neurobiology & Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSN); (PBD)
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Li S, Joshee S, Vasudevan A. Mesencephalic GABA neuronal development: no more on the other side of oblivion. Biomol Concepts 2015; 5:371-82. [PMID: 25367618 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2014-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Midbrain GABA neurons, endowed with multiple morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as projection patterns are key players interacting with diverse regions of the brain and capable of modulating several aspects of behavior. The diversity of these GABA neuronal populations based on their location and function in the dorsal, medial or ventral midbrain has challenged efforts to rapidly uncover their developmental regulation. Here we review recent developments that are beginning to illuminate transcriptional control of GABA neurons in the embryonic midbrain (mesencephalon) and discuss its implications for understanding and treatment of neurological and psychiatric illnesses.
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Scordel C, Huttin A, Cochet-Bernoin M, Szelechowski M, Poulet A, Richardson J, Benchoua A, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Eloit M, Coulpier M. Borna disease virus phosphoprotein impairs the developmental program controlling neurogenesis and reduces human GABAergic neurogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004859. [PMID: 25923687 PMCID: PMC4414417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that persistent viral infection may impair cellular function of specialized cells without overt damage. This concept, when applied to neurotropic viruses, may help to understand certain neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. Borna disease virus (BDV) is an excellent example of a persistent virus that targets the brain, impairs neural functions without cell lysis, and ultimately results in neurobehavioral disturbances. Recently, we have shown that BDV infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and impairs neurogenesis, revealing a new mechanism by which BDV may interfere with brain function. Here, we sought to identify the viral proteins and molecular pathways that are involved. Using lentiviral vectors for expression of the bdv-p and bdv-x viral genes, we demonstrate that the phosphoprotein P, but not the X protein, diminishes human neurogenesis and, more particularly, GABAergic neurogenesis. We further reveal a decrease in pro-neuronal factors known to be involved in neuronal differentiation (ApoE, Noggin, TH and Scg10/Stathmin2), demonstrating that cellular dysfunction is associated with impairment of specific components of the molecular program that controls neurogenesis. Our findings thus provide the first evidence that a viral protein impairs GABAergic human neurogenesis, a process that is dysregulated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. They improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which a persistent virus may interfere with brain development and function in the adult. When a virus enters the brain, it most often induces inflammation, fever, and brain injury, all signs that are indicative of acute encephalitis. Under certain conditions, however, some neurotropic viruses may cause disease in a subtler manner. The Borna disease virus (BDV) is an excellent example of this second class of viruses, as it impairs neural function without cell lysis and induces neurobehavioral disturbances. Recently, we have shown that BDV infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and impairs neurogenesis, revealing a new mechanism by which BDV may interfere with brain function. In the present study, we identify that a singled-out BDV protein called P causes similar impairment of human neurogenesis, and further show that it leads to diminution in the genesis of a particular neuronal subtype, the GABAergic neurons. We have also found that the expression of several genes involved in the generation and the maturation of neurons is dysregulated by this viral protein, which strongly suggests their implication in P-induced impairment of GABAergic neurogenesis. This study is the first to demonstrate that a viral protein interferes with human GABAergic neurogenesis, a process that is frequently impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders. It may thus contribute to elucidating the molecular bases of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Scordel
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alexandra Huttin
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marielle Cochet-Bernoin
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marion Szelechowski
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5282, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jennifer Richardson
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5282, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Pasteur Institute, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Biology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1117, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- * E-mail:
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Nakamura T, Matsumoto J, Takamura Y, Ishii Y, Sasahara M, Ono T, Nishijo H. Relationships among parvalbumin-immunoreactive neuron density, phase-locked gamma oscillations, and autistic/schizophrenic symptoms in PDGFR-β knock-out and control mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119258. [PMID: 25803852 PMCID: PMC4372342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits and negative symptoms are important therapeutic targets for schizophrenia and autism disorders. Although reduction of phase-locked gamma oscillation has been suggested to be a result of reduced parvalbumin-immunoreactive (putatively, GABAergic) neurons, no direct correlations between these have been established in these disorders. In the present study, we investigated such relationships during pharmacological treatment with a newly synthesized drug, T-817MA, which displays neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects. In this study, we used platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β gene knockout (PDGFR-β KO) mice as an animal model of schizophrenia and autism. These mutant mice display a reduction in social behaviors; deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI); reduced levels of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the medical prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and superior colliculus; and a deficit in of auditory phase-locked gamma oscillations. We found that oral administration of T-817MA ameliorated all these symptoms in the PDGFR-β KO mice. Furthermore, phase-locked gamma oscillations were significantly correlated with the density of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons, which was, in turn, correlated with PPI and behavioral parameters. These findings suggest that recovery of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons by pharmacological intervention relieved the reduction of phase-locked gamma oscillations and, consequently, ameliorated PPI and social behavioral deficits. Thus, our findings suggest that phase-locked gamma oscillations could be a useful physiological biomarker for abnormality of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons that may induce cognitive deficits and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and autism, as well as of effective pharmacological interventions in both humans and experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, Japan
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Burjanadze M, Mataradze S, Rusadze K, Chkhikvishvili N, Dashniani M. Selective lesion of GABA-ergic neurons in the medial septum by GAT1-saporin impairs spatial learning in a water-maze. Georgian Med News 2015:59-64. [PMID: 25879561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the medial septal (MS) GABAergic cells in hippocampal dependent spatial learning using the immunotoxin GAT1-SAP to produce selective lesions of GABAergic MS neurons. In current study rats were trained in a visible platform version of the Morris water maze in which either a place or cue strategy could be used to escape successfully. Immunohistochemical studies showed that intraseptal injection of GAT1-SAP extensively damaged GABAergic MS neurons and spared most cholinergic neurons. The rats' responses on the competition test were classified as either cue or place, based on the swim path for those trials. An overview of the data from both competition trials for each group show that the control rats in 14 trials out of 16 competition test trial used place strategy, while MS-lesioned ones used this strategy in 2 trials only. Decreased place-bias in MS-lesioned rats compared to the control rats was significant (P<0.01). The data obtained in the control and GAT1-SAP lesioned animals in the present study, demonstrate that lesioned rats were impaired in hidden platform trials during training, and displayed a pronounced cue-bias in competition tests. Therefore, above data suggest involvement of the MS GABAergic neurons in organization of the spatial map-driven behavior and this structure, along with the hippocampus, should be viewed as a constituent of the functional system responsible for the cognitive types of spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burjanadze
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S Mataradze
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Kh Rusadze
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Chkhikvishvili
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M Dashniani
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Eugène E, Cluzeaud F, Cifuentes-Diaz C, Fricker D, Le Duigou C, Clemenceau S, Baulac M, Poncer JC, Miles R. An organotypic brain slice preparation from adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 235:234-44. [PMID: 25064188 PMCID: PMC4426207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A long-term in vitro preparation of diseased brain tissue would facilitate work on human pathologies. Organotypic tissue cultures retain an appropriate neuronal form, spatial arrangement, connectivity and electrical activity over several weeks. However, they are typically prepared with tissue from immature animals. In work using tissue from adult animals or humans, survival times longer than a few days have not been reported and it is not clear that pathological neuronal activities are retained. NEW METHOD We modified tissue preparation procedures and used a defined culture medium to make organotypic cultures of temporal lobe tissue obtained after operations on adult patients with pharmaco-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsies. RESULTS Organototypic culture preparation and maintenance techniques were judged on criteria of morphology and the generation of epileptiform activities. Short-duration (30-100 ms) interictal-like population activities were initiated spontaneously in either the subiculum, dentate gyrus or the CA2/CA3 region, but not the cortex, for up to 3-4 weeks in culture. Ictal-like discharges, of duration greater than 10s, were induced by convulsants. Epileptiform activities were modulated by both glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor antagonists. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our methods now permit the maintenance in organotypic culture of epileptic adult human tissue, generating appropriate epileptiform activity over 3-4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that characteristic morphology and pathological activities are maintained in organotypic cultures of adult human tissue. These cultures should permit studies on the effects of prolonged drug treatments and long-term procedures such as viral transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Eugène
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France; INSERM, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; UPMC Univ Paris, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris 75005 France.
| | - Françoise Cluzeaud
- Service Microscopie, Centre de recherche biomedicale, CHU Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, 16 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75870, France
| | - Carmen Cifuentes-Diaz
- INSERM, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; UPMC Univ Paris, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris 75005 France
| | - Desdemona Fricker
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Caroline Le Duigou
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Stephane Clemenceau
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Michel Baulac
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Poncer
- INSERM, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; UPMC Univ Paris, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris 75005 France
| | - Richard Miles
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France.
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Braz JM, Juarez-Salinas D, Ross SE, Basbaum AI. Transplant restoration of spinal cord inhibitory controls ameliorates neuropathic itch. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3612-6. [PMID: 25003193 DOI: 10.1172/jci75214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of pruritoceptive (itch) messages involves specific neural circuits within the spinal cord that are distinct from those that transmit pain messages. These itch-specific circuits are tonically regulated by inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal horn. Consistent with these findings, it has previously been reported that loss of GABAergic interneurons in mice harboring a deletion of the transcription factor Bhlhb5 generates a severe, nonremitting condition of chronic itch. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the neuropathic itch in BHLHB5-deficient animals can be treated by restoring inhibitory controls through spinal cord transplantation and integration of precursors of cortical inhibitory interneurons derived from the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence. We specifically targeted the transplants to segments of the spinal cord innervated by areas of the body that were most severely affected. BHLHB5-deficient mice that received transplants demonstrated a substantial reduction of excessive scratching and dramatic resolution of skin lesions. In contrast, the scratching persisted and skin lesions worsened over time in sham-treated mice. Together, these results indicate that cell-mediated restoration of inhibitory controls has potential as a powerful, cell-based therapy for neuropathic itch that not only ameliorates symptoms of chronic itch, but also may modify disease.
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Wang T, Kumada T, Morishima T, Iwata S, Kaneko T, Yanagawa Y, Yoshida S, Fukuda A. Accumulation of GABAergic neurons, causing a focal ambient GABA gradient, and downregulation of KCC2 are induced during microgyrus formation in a mouse model of polymicrogyria. Cereb Cortex 2014; 24:1088-101. [PMID: 23246779 PMCID: PMC3948493 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although focal cortical malformations are considered neuronal migration disorders, their formation mechanisms remain unknown. We addressed how the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system affects the GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal migration underlying such malformations. A focal freeze-lesion (FFL) of the postnatal day zero (P0) glutamic acid decarboxylase-green fluorescent protein knock-in mouse neocortex produced a 3- or 4-layered microgyrus at P7. GABAergic interneurons accumulated around the necrosis including the superficial region during microgyrus formation at P4, whereas E17.5-born, Cux1-positive pyramidal neurons outlined the GABAergic neurons and were absent from the superficial layer, forming cell-dense areas in layer 2 of the P7 microgyrus. GABA imaging showed that an extracellular GABA level temporally increased in the GABAergic neuron-positive area, including the necrotic center, at P4. The expression of the Cl(-) transporter KCC2 was downregulated in the microgyrus-forming GABAergic and E17.5-born glutamatergic neurons at P4; these cells may need a high intracellular Cl(-) concentration to induce depolarizing GABA effects. Bicuculline decreased the frequency of spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations in these microgyrus-forming cells. Thus, neonatal FFL causes specific neuronal accumulation, preceded by an increase in ambient GABA during microgyrus formation. This GABA increase induces GABAA receptor-mediated Ca(2+) oscillation in KCC2-downregulated microgyrus-forming cells, as seen in migrating cells during early neocortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kumada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Morishima
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Satomi Iwata
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan and
| | - Sachiko Yoshida
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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Khozhaĭ LI, Otelin VA. [The distribution of GABA-ergic neurons in rat neocortex in the postnatal period after the perinatal hypoxia]. Morfologiia 2014; 146:7-10. [PMID: 25552079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of GABA-ergic neurons in different areas of the neocortex (frontal, sensorimotor, visual cortex) was studied in Wistar rats at different time periods of postnatal development after their exposure to perinatal hypoxia. To identify these neurons, the antibodies against GAD-67, the marker of GABA-ergic neurons, were used. It was found that the exposure to perinatal hypoxia caused a significant reduction in the number of GAD-67-expressing neurons in both upper and deep layers of the cortex in juvenile age (day 20 of postnatal period), that persisted until the prepubertal period (day 40). In experimental animals at postnatal day 40, the numbers of neurons that synthesized GAD-67, were two times lower in each of the layers of the neocortex than those in control animals. It is suggested that a drastic reduction in the number of GABA-ergic neurons in the neocortex could be a result of the damaging effects of acute perinatal hypoxia on the processes of progenitor cell migration from the subventricular zone, or on the synthesis of the factors controlling these migration processes as well as on GABA-ergic neuron maturation, leading to a delay of GAD-67 expression.
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Therrien M, Rouleau GA, Dion PA, Parker JA. Deletion of C9ORF72 results in motor neuron degeneration and stress sensitivity in C. elegans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83450. [PMID: 24349511 PMCID: PMC3861484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An expansion of the hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat in the first intron of C9ORF72 gene was recently linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is not known if the mutation results in a gain of function, a loss of function or if, perhaps both mechanisms are linked to pathogenesis. We generated a genetic model of ALS to explore the biological consequences of a null mutation of the Caenorhabditis elegans C9ORF72 orthologue, F18A1.6, also called alfa-1. alfa-1 mutants displayed age-dependent motility defects leading to paralysis and the specific degeneration of GABAergic motor neurons. alfa-1 mutants showed differential susceptibility to environmental stress where osmotic stress provoked neurodegeneration. Finally, we observed that the motor defects caused by loss of alfa-1 were additive with the toxicity caused by mutant TDP-43 proteins, but not by the mutant FUS proteins. These data suggest that a loss of alfa-1/C9ORF72 expression may contribute to motor neuron degeneration in a pathway associated with other known ALS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Therrien
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick A. Dion
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J. Alex Parker
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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