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Zhou A, Cai Q, Hong Y, Lv Y. Down-Regulation of Casein Kinase 1α Contributes to Endometriosis through Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog/Autophagy-Related 7-Mediated Autophagy. Am J Pathol 2021; 191:2195-2202. [PMID: 34809787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the roles of casein kinase 1α (CK1α) in endometriosis and its underlying mechanisms. Endometrial specimen were collected from the patients and healthy volunteers. The expression patterns of CK1α, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and autophagy-related proteins were determined using immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR. Besides, the CK1α-overexpressing cells and PTEN knockdown cells were constructed in the endometrial stromal cells isolated from endometriosis patients. In addition, the cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-CK1α or pcDNA3.1-CK1α plus siRNA- PTEN. The expressions of CK1α, PTEN, and autophagy-related proteins were determined using Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of CK1α and autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) were significantly decreased in the ectopic endometrium compared with the eutopic endometrium. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between CK1α and PTEN, CK1α and Atg7, and PTEN and Atg7. In addition, CK1α, PTEN, and autophagy-related proteins were down-regulated in ectopic endometrium. Interestingly, overexpression of CK1α significantly increased the expressions of autophagy-related proteins, whereas the protein expression of autophagy-related proteins was decreased with PTEN knock-down. CK1α regulated PTEN/Atg7-mediated autophagy in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiu Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiongyi Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiting Hong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Lv
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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Hui Y, Jin D, Leng J, Liu D, Yuan P, Tang C, Wang Q. Hsa_circ_0007059 sponges miR-421 to repress cell growth and stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma by the PTEN-AKT/mTOR pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153692. [PMID: 34847369 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a substantial health concern worldwide. Increasing studies have suggested that circle RNAs (circRNAs) function as new regulators in HCC progression. The present work explored the role of hsa_circ_0007059 (circ_0007059) in the developing process of hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS The circ_0007059 level in HCC was determined by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and northern blot. Its biological role in HCC cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell, sphere formation and western blotting analyses. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to test the regulatory mechanisms of circ_0007059. RESULTS Our results revealed that circ_0007059 expression was downregulated in HCC samples and cells. Moreover, circ_0007059 overexpression inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stem cell-like property, and strengthened cell apoptosis. In mechanism, circ_0007059 suppressed AKT/mTOR pathway by positively regulating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. Additionally, circ_0007059 acted as a positive regulator of PTEN through controlling the availability of miR-421. Rescue assays demonstrated that PTEN knockdown or SC79 (AKT agonist) eliminated the effect of circ_0007059 on HCC cell phenotypes. CONCLUSION Circ_0007059 sponges miR-421 to inhibit oncogenic cellular process in HCC by mediating the PTEN-AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Hui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Junzhi Leng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Chaofeng Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
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Park S, Rong L, Owczarek TB, Bernardo MD, Shoulson RL, Chua CW, Kim JY, Lankarani A, Chakrapani P, Syed T, McKiernan JM, Solit DB, Shen MM, Al-Ahmadie HA, Abate-Shen C. Novel Mouse Models of Bladder Cancer Identify a Prognostic Signature Associated with Risk of Disease Progression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5161-5175. [PMID: 34470779 PMCID: PMC8609963 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To study the progression of bladder cancer from non-muscle-invasive to muscle-invasive disease, we have developed a novel toolkit that uses complementary approaches to achieve gene recombination in specific cell populations in the bladder urothelium in vivo, thereby allowing us to generate a new series of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of bladder cancer. One method is based on the delivery of adenoviruses that express Cre recombinase in selected cell types in the urothelium, and a second uses transgenic drivers in which activation of inducible Cre alleles can be limited to the bladder urothelium by intravesicular delivery of tamoxifen. Using both approaches, targeted deletion of the Pten and p53 tumor suppressor genes specifically in basal urothelial cells gave rise to muscle-invasive bladder tumors. Furthermore, preinvasive lesions arising in basal cells displayed upregulation of molecular pathways related to bladder tumorigenesis, including proinflammatory pathways. Cross-species analyses comparing a mouse gene signature of early bladder cancer with a human signature of bladder cancer progression identified a conserved 28-gene signature of early bladder cancer that is associated with poor prognosis for human bladder cancer and that outperforms comparable gene signatures. These findings demonstrate the relevance of these GEMMs for studying the biology of human bladder cancer and introduce a prognostic gene signature that may help to stratify patients at risk for progression to potentially lethal muscle-invasive disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Analyses of bladder cancer progression in a new series of genetically engineered mouse models has identified a gene signature of poor prognosis in human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonbum Park
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lijie Rong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tomasz B Owczarek
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matteo Di Bernardo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rivka L Shoulson
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chee-Wai Chua
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jaime Y Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Amir Lankarani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Prithi Chakrapani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Talal Syed
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James M McKiernan
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Departments of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis and Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hikmat A Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Teng K, Ford MJ, Harwalkar K, Li Y, Pacis AS, Farnell D, Yamanaka N, Wang YC, Badescu D, Ton Nu TN, Ragoussis J, Huntsman DG, Arseneau J, Yamanaka Y. Modeling High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Using a Combination of In Vivo Fallopian Tube Electroporation and CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5147-5160. [PMID: 34301761 PMCID: PMC9397628 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer to date. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) accounts for most ovarian cancer cases, and it is most frequently diagnosed at advanced stages. Here, we developed a novel strategy to generate somatic ovarian cancer mouse models using a combination of in vivo electroporation and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. Mutation of tumor suppressor genes associated with HGSOC in two different combinations (Brca1, Tp53, Pten with and without Lkb1) resulted in successfully generation of HGSOC, albeit with different latencies and pathophysiology. Implementing Cre lineage tracing in this system enabled visualization of peritoneal micrometastases in an immune-competent environment. In addition, these models displayed copy number alterations and phenotypes similar to human HGSOC. Because this strategy is flexible in selecting mutation combinations and targeting areas, it could prove highly useful for generating mouse models to advance the understanding and treatment of ovarian cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study unveils a new strategy to generate genetic mouse models of ovarian cancer with high flexibility in selecting mutation combinations and targeting areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Teng
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew J Ford
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Keerthana Harwalkar
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - YuQi Li
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alain S Pacis
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Farnell
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Nobuko Yamanaka
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yu-Chang Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dunarel Badescu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tuyet Nhung Ton Nu
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Jocelyne Arseneau
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yojiro Yamanaka
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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El-Kenawi A, Dominguez-Viqueira W, Liu M, Awasthi S, Abraham-Miranda J, Keske A, Steiner KK, Noel L, Serna AN, Dhillon J, Gillies RJ, Yu X, Koomen JM, Yamoah K, Gatenby RA, Ruffell B. Macrophage-derived cholesterol contributes to therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5477-5490. [PMID: 34301759 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a lethal stage of disease in which androgen receptor (AR) signaling is persistent despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Most studies have focused on investigating cell-autonomous alterations in CRPC, while the contributions of the tumor microenvironment are less well understood. Here we sought to determine the role of tumor-associated macrophages in CRPC, based upon their role in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. In a syngeneic model that reflected the mutational landscape of CRPC, macrophage depletion resulted in a reduced transcriptional signature for steroid and bile acid synthesis, indicating potential perturbation of cholesterol metabolism. As cholesterol is the precursor of the five major types of steroid hormones, we hypothesized that macrophages were regulating androgen biosynthesis within the prostate tumor microenvironment. Macrophage depletion reduced androgen levels within prostate tumors and restricted androgen receptor (AR) nuclear localization in vitro and in vivo. Macrophages were also cholesterol-rich and were able to transfer cholesterol to tumor cells in vitro. AR nuclear translocation was inhibited by activation of Liver X Receptor (LXR)-β, the master regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Consistent with these data, macrophage depletion extended survival during ADT and the presence of macrophages correlated with therapeutic resistance in patient-derived explants. Taken together, these findings support the therapeutic targeting of macrophages in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa El-Kenawi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Min Liu
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shivanshu Awasthi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Julieta Abraham-Miranda
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aysenur Keske
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - KayLee K Steiner
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Leenil Noel
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amparo N Serna
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jasreman Dhillon
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M Koomen
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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6
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Lu J, Zhang H. Circular RNA circ-PTEN elevates PTEN inhibiting the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1174-1184. [PMID: 33821441 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor in various cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circular RNA (circRNA) has recently been proven to be strongly linked with cancer progression. Here, we aimed to investigate the biological relevance and clinical significance of circRNA derived from PTEN in NSCLC. We found that circ-PTEN (hsa_circ_0094342) was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues and serum, which was attributed to the upregulation of RNA-binding protein DHX9. Low circ-PTEN was linked with malignant clinical features and poor outcome. Exogenous expression of circ-PTEN markedly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation in vitro as well as retarded tumor growth in vivo. Circ-PTEN increased the expression of its host gene PTEN via acting as a sponge for miR-155 and miR-330-3p, leading to the inactivation of the carcinogenic PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The xenograft tumor model also indicated the existence of circ-PTEN/miR-155/miR-330-3p/PTEN regulatory axis in vivo. Our data for the first time demonstrate that circ-PTEN functions as a tumor-inhibiting circRNA in NSCLC through post-transcriptionally regulating PTEN, hinting a promising diagnostic/prognostic biomarker as well as therapeutic target for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China
| | - Zibo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China
| | - Jibin Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China.
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Sekino Y, Han X, Babasaki T, Miyamoto S, Kobatake K, Kitano H, Ikeda K, Goto K, Inoue S, Hayashi T, Teishima J, Shiota M, Takeshima Y, Yasui W, Matsubara A. TUBB3 is associated with PTEN, neuroendocrine differentiation, and castration resistance in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:368.e1-368.e9. [PMID: 33771409 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulin-β3 encoded by the Tubulin-β3 (TUBB3) gene is a microtubule protein. Previous studies have shown that TUBB3 expression is upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CaP) and is involved in taxane resistance. However, the biological mechanism of TUBB3 involvement in the progression to castration-resistant CaP is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the expression and function of TUBB3 in localized and metastatic CaP. METHODS TUBB3 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in localized and metastatic CaP. We also investigated the association between TUBB3, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and neuroendocrine differentiation and examined the involvement of TUBB3 in new antiandrogen drugs (enzalutamide and apalutamide) resistance in metastatic CaP. RESULTS In 155 cases of localized CaP, immunohistochemistry showed that 5 (3.2%) of the CaP cases were positive for tubulin-β3. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high expression of tubulin-β3 was associated with poor prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy. In 57 cases of metastatic CaP, immunohistochemistry showed that 14 (25%) cases were positive for tubulin-β3. Tubulin-β3 expression was higher in metastatic CaP than in localized CaP. High tubulin-β3 expression was correlated with negative PTEN expression. TUBB3 expression was increased in neuroendocrine CaP based on several public databases. PTEN knockout decreased the sensitivity to enzalutamide and apalutamide in 22Rv-1 cells. TUBB3 knockdown reversed the sensitivity to enzalutamide and apalutamide in PTEN-CRISPR 22Rv-1 cells. High expression of tubulin-β3 and negative expression of PTEN were significantly associated with poor overall survival in metastatic CaP treated with androgen deprivation therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TUBB3 may be a useful predictive biomarker for survival and play an essential role in antiandrogen resistance in CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Xiangrui Han
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Kobatake
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Urology, Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Japan
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Jones CE, Sharick JT, Colbert SE, Shukla VC, Zent JM, Ostrowski MC, Ghadiali SN, Sizemore ST, Leight JL. Pten regulates collagen fibrillogenesis by fibroblasts through SPARC. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245653. [PMID: 33534863 PMCID: PMC7857610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen deposition contributes to both high mammographic density and breast cancer progression. Low stromal PTEN expression has been observed in as many as half of breast tumors and is associated with increases in collagen deposition, however the mechanism connecting PTEN loss to increased collagen deposition remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Pten knockout in fibroblasts using an Fsp-Cre;PtenloxP/loxP mouse model increases collagen fiber number and fiber size within the mammary gland. Pten knockout additionally upregulated Sparc transcription in fibroblasts and promoted collagen shuttling out of the cell. Interestingly, SPARC mRNA expression was observed to be significantly elevated in the tumor stroma as compared to the normal breast in several patient cohorts. While SPARC knockdown via shRNA did not affect collagen shuttling, it notably decreased assembly of exogenous collagen. In addition, SPARC knockdown decreased fibronectin assembly and alignment of the extracellular matrix in an in vitro fibroblast-derived matrix model. Overall, these data indicate upregulation of SPARC is a mechanism by which PTEN regulates collagen deposition in the mammary gland stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joe T. Sharick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sheila E. Colbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vasudha C. Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Zent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samir N. Ghadiali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Sizemore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Leight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Perry JM, Tao F, Roy A, Lin T, He XC, Chen S, Lu X, Nemechek J, Ruan L, Yu X, Dukes D, Moran A, Pace J, Schroeder K, Zhao M, Venkatraman A, Qian P, Li Z, Hembree M, Paulson A, He Z, Xu D, Tran TH, Deshmukh P, Nguyen CT, Kasi RM, Ryan R, Broward M, Ding S, Guest E, August K, Gamis AS, Godwin A, Sittampalam GS, Weir SJ, Li L. Overcoming Wnt-β-catenin dependent anticancer therapy resistance in leukaemia stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:689-700. [PMID: 32313104 PMCID: PMC8010717 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) underlie cancer therapy resistance but targeting these cells remains difficult. The Wnt-β-catenin and PI3K-Akt pathways cooperate to promote tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy. In a mouse model in which both pathways are activated in stem and progenitor cells, LSCs expanded under chemotherapy-induced stress. Since Akt can activate β-catenin, inhibiting this interaction might target therapy-resistant LSCs. High-throughput screening identified doxorubicin (DXR) as an inhibitor of the Akt-β-catenin interaction at low doses. Here we repurposed DXR as a targeted inhibitor rather than a broadly cytotoxic chemotherapy. Targeted DXR reduced Akt-activated β-catenin levels in chemoresistant LSCs and reduced LSC tumorigenic activity. Mechanistically, β-catenin binds multiple immune-checkpoint gene loci, and targeted DXR treatment inhibited expression of multiple immune checkpoints specifically in LSCs, including PD-L1, TIM3 and CD24. Overall, LSCs exhibit distinct properties of immune resistance that are reduced by inhibiting Akt-activated β-catenin. These findings suggest a strategy for overcoming cancer therapy resistance and immune escape.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/physiology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Wnt Proteins/physiology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- beta Catenin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Perry
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Fang Tao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Anuradha Roy
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Tara Lin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Xiuling Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Linhao Ruan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiazhen Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Debra Dukes
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Moran
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Meng Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Pengxu Qian
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- St. Jude, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark Hembree
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ariel Paulson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Zhiquan He
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thanh-Huyen Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Rajeswari M Kasi
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Robin Ryan
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Erin Guest
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Keith August
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Alan S Gamis
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Andrew Godwin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - G Sitta Sittampalam
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Scott J Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute for Advancing Medical Innovation and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Division of Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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10
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Southwell DG, Seifikar H, Malik R, Lavi K, Vogt D, Rubenstein JL, Sohal VS. Interneuron Transplantation Rescues Social Behavior Deficits without Restoring Wild-Type Physiology in a Mouse Model of Autism with Excessive Synaptic Inhibition. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2215-2227. [PMID: 31988060 PMCID: PMC7083289 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1063-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulations that enhance GABAergic inhibition have been associated with improved behavioral phenotypes in autism models, suggesting that autism may be treated by correcting underlying deficits of inhibition. Interneuron transplantation is a method for increasing recipient synaptic inhibition, and it has been considered a prospective therapy for conditions marked by deficient inhibition, including neuropsychiatric disorders. It is unknown, however, whether interneuron transplantation may be therapeutically effective only for conditions marked by reduced inhibition, and it is also unclear whether transplantation improves behavioral phenotypes solely by normalizing underlying circuit defects. To address these questions, we studied the effects of interneuron transplantation in male and female mice lacking the autism-associated gene, Pten, in GABAergic interneurons. Pten mutant mice exhibit social behavior deficits, elevated synaptic inhibition in prefrontal cortex, abnormal baseline and social interaction-evoked electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and an altered composition of cortical interneuron subtypes. Transplantation of wild-type embryonic interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence into the prefrontal cortex of neonatal Pten mutants rescued social behavior despite exacerbating excessive levels of synaptic inhibition. Furthermore, transplantation did not normalize recipient EEG signals measured during baseline states. Interneuron transplantation can thus correct behavioral deficits even when those deficits are associated with elevated synaptic inhibition. Moreover, transplantation does not exert therapeutic effects solely by restoring wild-type circuit states. Our findings indicate that interneuron transplantation could offer a novel cell-based approach to autism treatment while challenging assumptions that effective therapies must reverse underlying circuit defects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Imbalances between neural excitation and inhibition are hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of autism. Interneuron transplantation is a method for altering recipient inhibition, and it has been considered a prospective therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism. Here we examined the behavioral and physiological effects of interneuron transplantation in a mouse genetic model of autism. They demonstrate that transplantation rescues recipient social interaction deficits without correcting a common measure of recipient inhibition, or circuit-level physiological measures. These findings demonstrate that interneuron transplantation can exert therapeutic behavioral effects without necessarily restoring wild-type circuit states, while highlighting the potential of interneuron transplantation as an autism therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G Southwell
- Department of Neurological Surgery,
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
| | - Helia Seifikar
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Karen Lavi
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Vikaas S Sohal
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences,
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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11
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Weng YL, Wang X, An R, Cassin J, Vissers C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu T, Wang X, Wong SZH, Joseph J, Dore LC, Dong Q, Zheng W, Jin P, Wu H, Shen B, Zhuang X, He C, Liu K, Song H, Ming GL. Epitranscriptomic m 6A Regulation of Axon Regeneration in the Adult Mammalian Nervous System. Neuron 2019; 97:313-325.e6. [PMID: 29346752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) affects multiple aspects of mRNA metabolism and regulates developmental transitions by promoting mRNA decay. Little is known about the role of m6A in the adult mammalian nervous system. Here we report that sciatic nerve lesion elevates levels of m6A-tagged transcripts encoding many regeneration-associated genes and protein translation machinery components in the adult mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Single-base resolution m6A-CLIP mapping further reveals a dynamic m6A landscape in the adult DRG upon injury. Loss of either m6A methyltransferase complex component Mettl14 or m6A-binding protein Ythdf1 globally attenuates injury-induced protein translation in adult DRGs and reduces functional axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system in vivo. Furthermore, Pten deletion-induced axon regeneration of retinal ganglion neurons in the adult central nervous system is attenuated upon Mettl14 knockdown. Our study reveals a critical epitranscriptomic mechanism in promoting injury-induced protein synthesis and axon regeneration in the adult mammalian nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lan Weng
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jessica Cassin
- Human Genetic Pre-graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Caroline Vissers
- Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tianlei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Samuel Zheng Hao Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jessica Joseph
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Louis C Dore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Human Genetic Pre-graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Qu XH, Zhang K. MiR-122 regulates cell apoptosis and ROS by targeting DJ-1 in renal ischemic reperfusion injury rat models. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22:8830-8838. [PMID: 30575925 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201812_16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B ((PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway plays a role in regulating cell survival and apoptosis. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) can negatively regulate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, while DJ-1 (Parkinson gene 7) can negatively regulate expression and function of PTEN. DJ-1-PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a role in the regulation of ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was a targeted complementary binding site between microRNA-122 (miR-122) and 3'-UTR of DJ-1 mRNA. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-122 in regulating DJ-1-PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and acute renal I-R injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat renal artery was clamped and restored after 30 min to establish renal IR injury model. Renal tissue samples were collected at 10 h and 20 h after operation. miR-122 and DJ-1 mRNA were detected with quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). DJ-1 protein was tested by using Western blot. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. Rat tubular epithelial cells, RRTEC, were cultured in vitro and divided into transfection (miR-NC group) and treatment group (miR-122 inhibitor group). IR treatment was performed after 72 h of transfection. DJ-1, PTEN, AKT, and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were detected using Western blot. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with Sham group, blood BUN and SCr contents significantly increased (p < 0.05), miR-122 level significantly elevated (p < 0.05), while DJ-1 mRNA and protein markedly declined (p < 0.05) in IR model rats. Compared with control group, I-R treatment significantly up-regulated miR-122 and PTEN expressions (p < 0.05), decreased DJ-1 and p-AKT levels (p < 0.05), and induced apoptosis and ROS production (p < 0.05) in RRTEC cells. Transfection with miR-122 inhibitor markedly up-regulated DJ-1 expression (p < 0.05), enhanced PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway activity (p < 0.05), and reduced apoptosis and ROS production (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MiR-122 increased significantly, while DJ-1 declined significantly during renal I-R injury. Down-regulation of miR-122 markedly elevated DJ-1, enhanced PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway activity, and inhibited apoptosis and ROS generation in rat renal tubular epithelial cells to alleviate IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-H Qu
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
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13
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Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10) has multiple functions, and recent studies have shown that the PTEN family has isoforms. The roles of these PTEN family members in biologic activities warrant specific evaluation. Here, we show that PTENα maintains CaMKII in a state that is competent to induce long-term potentiation (LTP) with resultant regulation of contextual fear memory and spatial learning. PTENα binds to CaMKII with its distinctive N terminus and resets CaMKII to an activatable state by dephosphorylating it at sites T305/306. Loss of PTENα impedes the interaction of CaMKII and NR2B, leading to defects in hippocampal LTP, fear-conditioned memory, and spatial learning. Restoration of PTENα in the hippocampus of PTENα-deficient mice rescues learning deficits through regulation of CaMKII. CaMKII mutations in dementia patients inhibit CaMKII activity and result in disruption of PTENα-CaMKII-NR2B signaling. We propose that CaMKII is a target of PTENα phosphatase and that PTENα is an essential element in the molecular regulation of neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Mei
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiapan Hu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minglu Zhu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hailong Qi
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Michael A McNutt
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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14
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Gao HY, Han CX. The role of PTEN up-regulation in suppressing glomerular mesangial cells proliferation and nephritis pathogenesis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:3634-3641. [PMID: 28925480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over-proliferation of mesangial cells is the major pathological change of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway plays a role in regulating proliferation of mesangial cells. Anti-thymocyte serum nephritis (ATSN) is a widely used animal model for studying MPGN. This study established ATSN model, on which the role of PTEN-PI3K/AKT signal pathway in MPGN pathogenesis was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS ASTN rat model was established in parallel with control group. Protein expressions of PTEN, p-AKT, PCNA, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 were quantified, along with glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) counting. Rat mesangial cell (RMC) was treated with 0 or 10 ng/mL IL-6, followed by flow cytometry analysis for apoptosis, cycle and PCNA expression. Expressions of PTEN, p-AKT, PCNA, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 were measured. RMC was treated with pSicoR-PTEN and/or LY294002, followed by the treatment of 10 ng/mL IL-6 for 48 h. Cell apoptosis, cycle, PCNA expression and protein expression were measured. RESULTS Lower PTEN expression was found in renal cortex of ATSN rats, along with increasing levels of p-AKT, PCNA, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and higher GMCs, compared to that in control rats. IL-6 treatment increased protein expression in RMC, facilitated cell proliferation and cycle progression and suppressed apoptosis. Over-expression of PTEN and/or LY294002 remarkably decreased protein expression in RMC, inhibited the effect of IL-6 on proliferation, and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of PTEN played a role in enhancing PI3K/AKT pathway activity, facilitating GMC proliferation and MPGN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Gao
- The Kidney Internal Medicine of Xianyang First People's Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Mastronikolis NS, Tsiambas E, Papadas TA, Fotiades PP, Papadas AT, Mastronikolis SN, Kastanioudakis I, Ragos V. mTOR deregulation in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. J BUON 2017; 22:610-613. [PMID: 28730764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways consist of a variety of inter- and intra-cellular molecules. They act as supporting mechanisms for cell survival and homeostasis. Among them, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in regulating normal cell growth based on growth factor receptors (GFRs) interaction, including epidermal GFR (type II-HER2) and insulin GFR (IGF). mTOR protein acts as a serine-threonine kinase that belongs to the PI3K-related kinase family. It mediates protein and lipid synthesis, mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, proliferation and also negatively regulates autophagy. Two distinct multiprotein complexes have been mainly identified and cloned: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). mTOR is deregulated predominantly due to mutations, deletions, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or abnormal phosphorylation of the upstream molecules inside the current pathway. Pure mTOR mutations are very rare. Development of specific inhibitors at the basis of targeted therapeutic strategies such as rapamycin (rapalogs) is an evolution in handling patients with mTOR abnormal overactivity. In the current special article we explored the role of the gene deregulation leading to abnormal protein expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Mastronikolis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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16
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Zhao L, Liu CC, Shi XL, Wang N. [Inhibitory effect of KyoT2 overexpression on proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells in mice with asthma]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:885-890. [PMID: 27655549 PMCID: PMC7389975 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of KyoT2 on the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in mice with asthma. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) was used to establish the asthmatic model of airway remodeling in BALB/c mice. ASMCs were isolated and cultured, and primarily cultured ASMCs were used as the control group. The expression of KyoT2 in ASMCs was measured in the control and asthma groups. After the ASMCs from asthmatic mice were transfected with pCMV-Myc (empty vector group) or pCMV-Myc-KyoT2 plasmid with overexpressed KyoT2 (KyoT2 expression group) for 48 hours, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of KyoT2, the MTT assay and BrdU assay were used to measure the proliferation of ASMCs, and Transwell assay was used to measure the migration of ASMCs. Western blot was used to determine the effect of KyoT2 overexpression on the protein expression of RBP-Jκ, PTEN, and AKT. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the asthma group had significantly downregulated expression of KyoT2 in ASMCs, and the KyoT2 expression group had significantly upregulated expression of KyoT2 in ASMCs (P<0.05). Compared with the empty vector group, overexpressed KyoT2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, downregulated the expression of RBP-Jκ and AKT, and upregulated the expression of PTEN. CONCLUSIONS Overexpressed KyoT2 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of ASMCs through the negative regulation of RBP-Jκ/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Asthma, Children's Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710003, China.
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17
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Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer (GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.
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Rakshit N, Yang S, Zhou W, Xu Y, Deng C, Yang J, Yu H, Wei W. Adenovirus-mediated co-expression of ING4 and PTEN cooperatively enhances their antitumor activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:704-13. [PMID: 27421660 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) are well known as tumor suppressors that are closely related to tumor occurrence and progression. It was reported that ING4 and PTEN showed synergistic antitumor activities in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The two tumor suppressors demonstrated synergistic effect on growth inhibition and apoptosis activation. In this study, we investigated their therapeutic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Recombinant adenoviruses co-expressing ING4 and PTEN (Ad-ING4-PTEN) were constructed, and the antitumor effect on SMMC-7721 and HepG2 HCC cells was evaluated. Ad-ING4-PTEN cooperatively inhibited cell growth, stimulated apoptosis, and suppressed invasion in both HCC cells, and regulated cell cycle in SMMC-7721. Further studies showed that the combination of ING4 and PTEN by Ad-ING4-PTEN cooperatively enhanced the alteration of the expression of cell cycle-related proteins (p53, p21, and cyclin D1) and apoptotic factors (Bad, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax), which are involved in the regulation of cell cycle and the activation of apoptotic pathways, leading to the synergistic antitumor effect. These results indicate that the combination of ING4 and PTEN may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Rakshit
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sijun Yang
- School of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chenghui Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiecheng Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huijun Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenxiang Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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19
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Larsen CJ. [When gliomes go hand in hand with exosomes]. Bull Cancer 2016; 103:222-3. [PMID: 26902155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Verrastro I, Tveen-Jensen K, Woscholski R, Spickett CM, Pitt AR. Reversible oxidation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) alters its interactions with signaling and regulatory proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:24-34. [PMID: 26561776 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is involved in a number of different cellular processes including metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival. It is a redox-sensitive dual-specificity protein phosphatase that acts as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. While direct evidence of redox regulation of PTEN downstream signaling has been reported, the effect of PTEN redox status on its protein-protein interactions is poorly understood. PTEN-GST in its reduced and a DTT-reversible H2O2-oxidized form was immobilized on a glutathione-sepharose support and incubated with cell lysate to capture interacting proteins. Captured proteins were analyzed by LC-MSMS and comparatively quantified using label-free methods. 97 Potential protein interactors were identified, including a significant number that are novel. The abundance of fourteen interactors was found to vary significantly with the redox status of PTEN. Altered binding to PTEN was confirmed by affinity pull-down and Western blotting for Prdx1, Trx, and Anxa2, while DDB1 was validated as a novel interactor with unaltered binding. These results suggest that the redox status of PTEN causes a functional variation in the PTEN interactome. The resin capture method developed had distinct advantages in that the redox status of PTEN could be directly controlled and measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Verrastro
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Karina Tveen-Jensen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Rudiger Woscholski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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21
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Sushma PS, Jamil K, Kumar PU, Satyanarayana U, Ramakrishna M, Triveni B. PTEN and p16 genes as epigenetic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): a study on south Indian population. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7625-32. [PMID: 26687648 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p16INK4a (p16) genes are tumor suppressor genes, associated with epigenetic alterations. PTEN and p16 promoter hypermethylation is a major epigenetic silencing mechanism leading to cancer. The cooperation between PTEN and p16 in pathogenesis of cancers suggest that their combination might be considered as potential molecular marker for specific subgroups of patients. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate whether PTEN and p16 promoter methylations were involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in south Indian subjects. DNA methylation quantitative analyses of the two candidate tumor suppressor genes PTEN and p16 were performed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Fifty OSCC biopsy samples and their corresponding non-malignant portions as controls were studied comparatively. The methylation status was correlated with the clinical manifestations. Twelve out of 50 patients (24 %) were found to be methylated for PTEN gene, whereas methylation of the p16 gene occurred in 19 out of 50 cases (38 %). A statistically significant result was obtained (P = <0.0001 and 0.017) for both PTEN and p16 genes. PTEN and p16 promoter methylation may be the main mechanism leading to the low expression of PTEN and p16 genes indicating the progress of tumor development. Our data suggest that a low PTEN and p16 expression due to methylation may contribute to the cancer progression and could be useful for prognosis of OSCC. Therefore, analysis of promoter methylation in such genes may provide a biomarker valuable for early detection of oral cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/analysis
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/physiology
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, p16
- Humans
- India/epidemiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/analysis
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Sushma
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kaiser Jamil
- Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, 500004, Telangana, India.
| | - P Uday Kumar
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - U Satyanarayana
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram, A.P, India
| | - M Ramakrishna
- MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B Triveni
- MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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22
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Wu ZH, Tao ZH, Zhang J, Li T, Ni C, Xie J, Zhang JF, Hu XC. MiRNA-21 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition and gemcitabine resistance via the PTEN/AKT pathway in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7245-54. [PMID: 26666820 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of gemcitabine resistance in breast cancer has not been fully clarified. Prior studies suggest that miRNAs are important to chemoresistance in solid tumors and we confirmed that miR-21 is involved in the development of gemcitabine resistance. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and AKT pathway activation were noted to be important to this resistance as well. PTEN, a direct target gene of miR-21, was significantly downregulated in gemcitabine-resistant breast cancer cells and restoration of PTEN expression blocked miR-21-induced EMT and gemcitabine resistance. Our data offer novel insight into gemcitabine resistance in breast cancer and suggest that miR-21 may be used to predict optimal breast cancer therapy and may be a potential therapeutic target for reversing gemcitabine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin-Feng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xi-Chun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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23
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Choi JP, Desai R, Zheng Y, Yao M, Dong Q, Watson G, Handelsman DJ, Simanainen U. Androgen actions via androgen receptor promote PTEN inactivation induced uterine cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:687-701. [PMID: 26285813 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficient inactivating phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) mutations cause Cowden syndrome, an autosomal dominant risk genotype for hormone dependent reproductive cancers. As androgen actions mediated via the androgen receptor (AR) supports uterine growth and may modify uterine cancer risk, we hypothesized that a functional AR may increase PTEN inactivation induced uterine cancer. To test the hypothesis, we compared the PTEN knockout (PTENKO) induced uterine pathology in heterozygous PTENKO and combined heterozygous PTEN and complete AR knockout (PTENARKO) female mice. PTENKO induced uterine pathology was significantly reduced by AR inactivation with severe macroscopic uterine pathology present in 21% of PTENARKO vs 46% of PTENKO at a median age of 45 weeks. This could be due to reduced stroma ERα expression in PTENARKO compared to PTENKO uterus, while AR inactivation did not modify PTEN or P-AKT levels. Unexpectedly, while progesterone (P4) is assumed protective in uterine cancers, serum P4 was significantly higher in PTENKO females compared to WT, ARKO, and PTENARKO females consistent with more corpora lutea in PTENKO ovaries. Serum testosterone and ovarian estradiol were similar between all females. Hence, our results demonstrated AR inactivation mediated protection against PTENKO induced uterine pathology and suggests a potential role for antiandrogens in uterine cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Peter Choi
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, AustraliaDiscipline of EndocrinologyCentral Clinical School, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, AustraliaDepartment of Anatomical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Reena Desai
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, AustraliaDiscipline of EndocrinologyCentral Clinical School, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, AustraliaDepartment of Anatomical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Yu Zheng
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, AustraliaDiscipline of EndocrinologyCentral Clinical School, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, AustraliaDepartment of Anatomical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Mu Yao
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, AustraliaDiscipline of EndocrinologyCentral Clinical School, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, AustraliaDepartment of Anatomical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Qihan Dong
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, AustraliaDiscipline of EndocrinologyCentral Clinical School, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, AustraliaDepartment of Anatomical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Geoff Watson
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, AustraliaDiscipline of EndocrinologyCentral Clinical School, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, AustraliaDepartment of Anatomical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, AustraliaDiscipline of EndocrinologyCentral Clinical School, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, AustraliaDepartment of Anatomical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Ulla Simanainen
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, AustraliaDiscipline of EndocrinologyCentral Clinical School, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, AustraliaDepartment of Anatomical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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24
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Mu X, Español-Suñer R, Mederacke I, Affò S, Manco R, Sempoux C, Lemaigre FP, Adili A, Yuan D, Weber A, Unger K, Heikenwälder M, Leclercq IA, Schwabe RF. Hepatocellular carcinoma originates from hepatocytes and not from the progenitor/biliary compartment. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3891-903. [PMID: 26348897 DOI: 10.1172/jci77995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In many organs, including the intestine and skin, cancers originate from cells of the stem or progenitor compartment. Despite its nomenclature, the cellular origin of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. In contrast to most organs, the liver lacks a defined stem cell population for organ maintenance. Previous studies suggest that both hepatocytes and facultative progenitor cells within the biliary compartment are capable of generating HCC. As HCCs with a progenitor signature carry a worse prognosis, understanding the origin of HCC is of clinical relevance. Here, we used complementary fate-tracing approaches to label the progenitor/biliary compartment and hepatocytes in murine hepatocarcinogenesis. In genotoxic and genetic models, HCCs arose exclusively from hepatocytes but never from the progenitor/biliary compartment. Cytokeratin 19-, A6- and α-fetoprotein-positive cells within tumors were hepatocyte derived. In summary, hepatocytes represent the cell of origin for HCC in mice, and a progenitor signature does not reflect progenitor origin, but dedifferentiation of hepatocyte-derived tumor cells.
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25
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Lokody IB, Francis JC, Gardiner JR, Erler JT, Swain A. Pten Regulates Epithelial Cytodifferentiation during Prostate Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129470. [PMID: 26076167 PMCID: PMC4468205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and functional studies have indicated that the molecular programmes involved in prostate development are also active in prostate cancer. PTEN has been implicated in human prostate cancer and is frequently mutated in this disease. Here, using the Nkx3.1:Cre mouse strain and a genetic deletion approach, we investigate the role of Pten specifically in the developing mouse prostate epithelia. In contrast to its role in other developing organs, this gene is dispensable for the initial developmental processes such as budding and branching. However, as cytodifferentiation progresses, abnormal luminal cells fill the ductal lumens together with augmented epithelial proliferation. This phenotype resembles the hyperplasia seen in postnatal Pten deletion models that develop neoplasia at later stages. Consistent with this, gene expression analysis showed a number of genes affected that are shared with Pten mutant prostate cancer models, including a decrease in androgen receptor regulated genes. In depth analysis of the phenotype of these mice during development revealed that loss of Pten leads to the precocious differentiation of epithelial cells towards a luminal cell fate. This study provides novel insight into the role of Pten in prostate development as part of the process of coordinating the differentiation and proliferation of cell types in time and space to form a functional organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B. Lokody
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey C. Francis
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer R. Gardiner
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine T. Erler
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, United Kingdom
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Swain
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Fragoso R, Barata JT. Kinases, tails and more: regulation of PTEN function by phosphorylation. Methods 2015; 77-78:75-81. [PMID: 25448482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation regulates the conformation, stability, homo- and heterotypic protein interactions, localization, and activity of the tumor suppressor PTEN. From a simple picture, at the beginning of this millennium, recognizing that CK2 phosphorylated PTEN at the C-terminus and thereby impacted on PTEN stability and activity, research has led to a significantly more complex scenario today, where for instance GSK3, Plk3, ATM, ROCK or Src-family kinases are also gaining the spotlight in this evolving play. Here, we review the current knowledge on the kinases that phosphorylate PTEN, and on the impact that specific phosphorylation events have on PTEN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Venkatesh A, Ma S, Le YZ, Hall MN, Rüegg MA, Punzo C. Activated mTORC1 promotes long-term cone survival in retinitis pigmentosa mice. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1446-58. [PMID: 25798619 DOI: 10.1172/jci79766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited photoreceptor degenerative disorder that results in blindness. The disease is often caused by mutations in genes that are specific to rod photoreceptors; however, blindness results from the secondary loss of cones by a still unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is required to slow the progression of cone death during disease and that constitutive activation of mTORC1 in cones is sufficient to maintain cone function and promote long-term cone survival. Activation of mTORC1 in cones enhanced glucose uptake, retention, and utilization, leading to increased levels of the key metabolite NADPH. Moreover, cone death was delayed in the absence of the NADPH-sensitive cell death protease caspase 2, supporting the contribution of reduced NADPH in promoting cone death. Constitutive activation of mTORC1 preserved cones in 2 mouse models of RP, suggesting that the secondary loss of cones is caused mainly by metabolic deficits and is independent of a specific rod-associated mutation. Together, the results of this study address a longstanding question in the field and suggest that activating mTORC1 in cones has therapeutic potential to prolong vision in RP.
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28
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Kwong LN, Boland GM, Frederick DT, Helms TL, Akid AT, Miller JP, Jiang S, Cooper ZA, Song X, Seth S, Kamara J, Protopopov A, Mills GB, Flaherty KT, Wargo JA, Chin L. Co-clinical assessment identifies patterns of BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1459-70. [PMID: 25705882 DOI: 10.1172/jci78954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms have been described that confer BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanomas, yet the basis of this resistance remains undefined in a sizable portion of patient samples. Here, we characterized samples from a set of patients with melanoma that included individuals at baseline diagnosis, on BRAF inhibitor treatment, and with resistant tumors at both the protein and RNA levels. Using RNA and DNA sequencing, we identified known resistance-conferring mutations in 50% (6 of 12) of the resistant samples. In parallel, targeted proteomic analysis by protein array categorized the resistant samples into 3 stable groups, 2 of which were characterized by reactivation of MAPK signaling to different levels and 1 that was MAPK independent. The molecular relevance of these classifications identified in patients was supported by both mutation data and the similarity of resistance patterns that emerged during a co-clinical trial in a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model of melanoma that recapitulates the development of BRAF inhibitor resistance. Additionally, we defined candidate biomarkers in pre- and early-treatment patient samples that have potential for predicting clinical responses. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanomas can be actionably classified using protein expression patterns, even without identification of the underlying genetic alteration.
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Zhang XJ, Liu J, Wan L, Sun Y, Wang F, Qi YJ, Huang CB. [Relations of synovial angiogenesis and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats with adjuvant arthritis]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2015; 28:71-74. [PMID: 25823138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the change of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rats with adjuvant arthritis and to explore the mechanism of neovasculization in rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Thirty rats were randomly divided into normal control group and model control group. The model control group were established the model of adjuvant arthritis using Freund's complete adjuvant. At 19 days after modeling, the expression of microvascular density (MVD), HIF-1α, VEGF were detected by ELISA assay and PTEN, PI3K, AKT were detected by Werstern Blotting. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, paw swelling, arthritic index were increased, and the expression of MVD, VEGF, HIF-1α of serum, PI3K, AKT of synovial tissue were significantly increased, PTEN was significantly decreased in model control group. PI3K, HIF-1α were positively correlated with MVD; VEGF, AKT were positively correlated with paw swelling; PTEN was negatively correlated with the arthritis index; HIF-1α was positively correlated with VEGF; PI3K was positively correlated with AKT, PTEN was negatively correlated with PI3K, AKT, VEGF. CONCLUSION Imbalance of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in rats with adjuvant arthritis is one of the mechanisms of synovial neovasculization.
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Abstract
Abnormalities in ovarian function, including defective oogenesis and folliculogenesis, represent a key female reproductive deficiency. Accumulating evidence in the literature has shown that the PI3K/PTEN/Akt and TSC/mTOR signaling pathways are critical regulators of ovarian function including quiescence, activation, and survival of primordial follicles, granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, and meiotic maturation of oocytes. Dysregulation of these signaling pathways may contribute to infertility caused by impaired follicular development, intrafollicular oocyte development, and ovulation. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of the functional role of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt and TSC/mTOR pathways during mammalian oogenesis and folliculogenesis and their association with female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Makker
- Post-Graduate Department of PathologyDepartment of BiochemistryKing George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Mati Goel
- Post-Graduate Department of PathologyDepartment of BiochemistryKing George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Post-Graduate Department of PathologyDepartment of BiochemistryKing George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lusche DF, Wessels D, Richardson NA, Russell KB, Hanson BM, Soll BA, Lin BH, Soll DR. PTEN redundancy: overexpressing lpten, a homolog of Dictyostelium discoideum ptenA, the ortholog of human PTEN, rescues all behavioral defects of the mutant ptenA-. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108495. [PMID: 25247494 PMCID: PMC4172592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN are associated with a significant proportion of human cancers. Because the human genome also contains several homologs of PTEN, we considered the hypothesis that if a homolog, functionally redundant with PTEN, can be overexpressed, it may rescue the defects of a PTEN mutant. We have performed an initial test of this hypothesis in the model system Dictyostelium discoideum, which contains an ortholog of human PTEN, ptenA. Deletion of ptenA results in defects in motility, chemotaxis, aggregation and multicellular morphogenesis. D. discoideum also contains lpten, a newly discovered homolog of ptenA. Overexpressing lpten completely rescues all developmental and behavioral defects of the D. discoideum mutant ptenA−. This hypothesis must now be tested in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Lusche
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Deborah Wessels
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Nicole A. Richardson
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kanoe B. Russell
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brett M. Hanson
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Soll
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Benjamin H. Lin
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David R. Soll
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ming DS, Pham S, Deb S, Chin MY, Kharmate G, Adomat H, Beheshti EH, Locke J, Guns ET. Pomegranate extracts impact the androgen biosynthesis pathways in prostate cancer models in vitro and in vivo. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:19-28. [PMID: 24565566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains largely dependent on androgen receptor (AR). Residual tissue androgens are consistently detected within CRPC tumors and play a critical role in facilitating AR-mediated signaling pathways which lead to disease progression. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are the major androgens detected in tumors. They are produced through three biosynthesis pathways: Δ(4), Δ(5), and backdoor pathways. Both androgens bind to and stimulate AR activation. The current study investigates the effects of pomegranate extracts (POM) and their ability to inhibit androgen biosynthesis using PCa cell lines (22RV1 and LNCaP) in vitro as well as the PTEN knockout mouse model representing prostate cancer. Steroids were extracted using ethyl acetate or solid phase extraction, and then analyzed by UPLC/MS/MS. The results showed that POM (0-12μg/mL) reduced the production of testosterone, DHT, DHEA, androstenedione, androsterone, and pregnenolone in both cell lines. In addition our in vivo data supports this observation with a reduction in serum steroids determined after 20 weeks of POM treatment (0.17 g/L in drinking water). In accordance with these results, Western blotting of cell lysates and tPSA analysis determined that PSA was significantly decreased by the treatment of POM. Interestingly, AKR1C3 and AR levels were shown to be increased in both cell lines, perhaps as a negative feedback effect in response to steroid inhibition. Overall, these results provide mechanistic evidence to support the rationale for recent clinical reports describing efficacy of POM in CRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Ming
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Pham
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Subrata Deb
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mei Yieng Chin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Geetanjali Kharmate
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hans Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elham Hosseini Beheshti
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Locke
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emma Tomlinson Guns
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Deau MC, Heurtier L, Frange P, Suarez F, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Cavazzana M, Picard C, Durandy A, Fischer A, Kracker S. A human immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the PIK3R1 gene. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3923-8. [PMID: 25133428 DOI: 10.1172/jci75746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, patient mutations that activate PI3K signaling have been linked to a primary antibody deficiency. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing and characterized the molecular defects in 4 patients from 3 unrelated families diagnosed with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. We identified 2 different heterozygous splice site mutations that affect the same splice site in PIK3R1, which encodes the p85α subunit of PI3K. The resulting deletion of exon 10 produced a shortened p85α protein that lacks part of the PI3K p110-binding domain. The hypothetical loss of p85α-mediated inhibition of p110 activity was supported by elevated phosphorylation of the known downstream signaling kinase AKT in patient T cell blasts. Analysis of patient blood revealed that naive T and memory B cell counts were low, and T cell blasts displayed enhanced activation-induced cell death, which was corrected by addition of the PI3Kδ inhibitor IC87114. Furthermore, B lymphocytes proliferated weakly in response to activation via the B cell receptor and TLR9, indicating a B cell defect. The phenotype exhibited by patients carrying the PIK3R1 splice site mutation is similar to that of patients carrying gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CD. Our results suggest that PI3K activity is tightly regulated in T and B lymphocytes and that various defects in the PI3K-triggered pathway can cause primary immunodeficiencies.
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Kim SY, Hong C, Wie J, Kim E, Kim BJ, Ha K, Cho NH, Kim IG, Jeon JH, So I. Reciprocal positive regulation between TRPV6 and NUMB in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:192-6. [PMID: 24704446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium acts as a second messenger and plays a crucial role in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation. Recently, calcium channels related to calcium influx into the cytosol of epithelial cells have attracted attention as a cancer therapy target. Of these calcium channels, TRPV6 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is considered an important molecule in the process of metastasis. However, its exact role and mechanism is unclear. NUMB, well-known tumor suppressor gene, is a novel interacting partner of TRPV6. We show that NUMB and TRPV6 have a reciprocal positive regulatory relationship in PC-3 cells. We repeated this experiment in two other prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and LNCaP. Interestingly, there were no significant changes in TRPV6 expression following NUMB knockdown in DU145. We revealed that the presence or absence of PTEN was the cause of NUMB-TRPV6 function. Loss of PTEN caused a positive correlation of TRPV6-NUMB expression. Collectively, we determined that PTEN is a novel interacting partner of TRPV6 and NUMB. These results demonstrated a novel relationship of NUMB-TRPV6 in prostate cancer cells, and show that PTEN is a novel regulator of this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Wie
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiyong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Kotdaji Ha
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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Piovan E, Yu J, Tosello V, Herranz D, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Da Silva AC, Sanchez-Martin M, Perez-Garcia A, Rigo I, Castillo M, Indraccolo S, Cross JR, de Stanchina E, Paietta E, Racevskis J, Rowe JM, Tallman MS, Basso G, Meijerink JP, Cordon-Cardo C, Califano A, Ferrando AA. Direct reversal of glucocorticoid resistance by AKT inhibition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:766-76. [PMID: 24291004 PMCID: PMC3878658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid resistance is a major driver of therapeutic failure in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we identify the AKT1 kinase as a major negative regulator of the NR3C1 glucocorticoid receptor protein activity driving glucocorticoid resistance in T-ALL. Mechanistically, AKT1 impairs glucocorticoid-induced gene expression by direct phosphorylation of NR3C1 at position S134 and blocking glucocorticoid-induced NR3C1 translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, we demonstrate that loss of PTEN and consequent AKT1 activation can effectively block glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and induce resistance to glucocorticoid therapy. Conversely, pharmacologic inhibition of AKT with MK2206 effectively restores glucocorticoid-induced NR3C1 translocation to the nucleus, increases the response of T-ALL cells to glucocorticoid therapy, and effectively reverses glucocorticoid resistance in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Piovan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto—IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita’ di Padova, Padova, Padova, Veneto, 35128, Italy
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Valeria Tosello
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Veneto, 35128, Italy
| | - Daniel Herranz
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Isaura Rigo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto—IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065 USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065 USA
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- New York Medical College and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Janis Racevskis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- New York Medical College and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jacob M Rowe
- Hematology Department, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Jules P Meijerink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, South Holland, 010 7040704, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo A. Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Marsh Durban V, Deuker MM, Bosenberg MW, Phillips W, McMahon M. Differential AKT dependency displayed by mouse models of BRAFV600E-initiated melanoma. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5104-18. [PMID: 24200692 PMCID: PMC3859393 DOI: 10.1172/jci69619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is frequently driven by mutational activation of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) accompanied by silencing of the phosphatase and tensin homology (PTEN) tumor suppressor. Despite the implied importance of PI3K signaling in PTENNull melanomas, mutational activation of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of PI3Kα (PIK3CA), is rarely detected. Since PTEN has both PI3-lipid phosphatase-dependent and -independent tumor suppressor activities, we investigated the contribution of PI3K signaling to BRAFV600E-induced melanomagenesis using mouse models, cultured melanoma cells, and PI3K pathway-targeted inhibitors. These experiments revealed that mutationally activated PIK3CAH1047R cooperates with BRAFV600E for melanomagenesis in mice. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of PI3Ks prevented growth of BRAFV600E/PTENNull melanomas in vivo and in tissue culture. Combined inhibition of BRAFV600E and PI3K had more potent effects on the regression of established BRAFV600E/PTENNull melanomas and cultured melanoma cells than individual blockade of either pathway. Surprisingly, growth of BRAFV600E/PIK3CAH1047R melanomas was dependent on the protein kinase AKT; however, AKT inhibition had no effect on growth of BRAFV600E/PTENNull melanomas. These data indicate that PTEN silencing contributes a PI3K-dependent, but AKT-independent, function in melanomagenesis. Our findings enhance our knowledge of how BRAFV600E and PI3K signaling cooperate in melanomagenesis and provide preclinical validation for combined pathway-targeted inhibition of PI3K and BRAFV600E in the therapeutic management of BRAFV600E/PTENNull melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Marsh Durban
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marian M. Deuker
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus W. Bosenberg
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne Phillips
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin McMahon
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pham LK, Liang M, Adisetiyo HA, Liao CP, Cohen MB, Tahara SM, Frenkel B, Kasahara N, Roy-Burman P. Contextual effect of repression of bone morphogenetic protein activity in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:861-74. [PMID: 24042462 PMCID: PMC3885249 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) on prostate cancer homing and growth at distant metastatic sites, but very little effect at the primary site. Here, we used two cell lines, one (E8) isolated from a primary tumor and the other (cE1) from a recurrent tumor arising at the primary site, both from the conditional Pten deletion mouse model of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Over-expression of the BMP antagonist noggin inhibited proliferation of cE1 cells in vitro while enhancing their ability to migrate. On the other hand, cE1/noggin grafts grown in vivo showed a greater mass and a higher proliferation index than the cE1/control grafts. For suppression of BMP activity in the context of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), we used noggin-transduced CAFs from the same mouse model to determine their effect on E8- or cE1-induced tumor growth. CAF/noggin led to increased tumor mass and greater de-differentiation of the E8 cell when compared with tumors formed in the presence of CAF/control cells. A trend of increase in the size of the tumor was also noted for cE1 cells when inoculated with CAF/noggin. Together, the results may point to a potential inhibitory role of BMP in the growth or re-growth of prostate tumor at the primary site. Additionally, results for cE1/noggin, and cE1 mixed with CAF/noggin, suggested that suppression of BMP activity in the cancer cells may have a stronger growth-enhancing effect on the tumor than its suppression in the fibroblastic compartment of the tumor microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/physiology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kim Pham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mengmeng Liang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Helty A. Adisetiyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chun-Peng Liao
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael B. Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stanley M. Tahara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pradip Roy-Burman
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Sellitto C, Li L, Gao J, Robinson ML, Lin RZ, Mathias RT, White TW. AKT activation promotes PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome-associated cataract development. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5401-9. [PMID: 24270425 DOI: 10.1172/jci70437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene cause PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), which includes cataract development among its diverse clinical pathologies. Currently, it is not known whether cataract formation in PHTS patients is secondary to other systemic problems, or the result of the loss of a critical function of PTEN within the lens. We generated a mouse line with a lens-specific deletion of Pten (PTEN KO) and identified a regulatory function for PTEN in lens ion transport. Specific loss of PTEN in the lens resulted in cataract. PTEN KO lenses exhibited a progressive age-related increase in intracellular hydrostatic pressure, along with, increased intracellular sodium concentrations, and reduced Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Collectively, these defects lead to lens swelling, opacities and ultimately organ rupture. Activation of AKT was highly elevated in PTEN KO lenses compared to WT mice. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of AKT restored normal Na+/K+-ATPase activity in primary cultured lens cells and reduced lens pressure in intact lenses from PTEN KO animals. These findings identify a direct role for PTEN in the regulation of lens ion transport through an AKT-dependent modulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and provide a new animal model to investigate cataract development in PHTS patients.
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Metcalfe C, Alicke B, Crow A, Lamoureux M, Dijkgraaf GJP, Peale F, Gould SE, de Sauvage FJ. PTEN loss mitigates the response of medulloblastoma to Hedgehog pathway inhibition. Cancer Res 2013; 73:7034-42. [PMID: 24154871 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a cancer of the cerebellum, for which there is currently no approved targeted therapy. Recent transcriptomics approaches have demonstrated that medulloblastoma is composed of molecularly distinct subgroups, one of which is characterized by activation of the Hedgehog pathway, which in mouse models is sufficient to drive medulloblastoma development. There is thus considerable interest in targeting the Hedgehog pathway for therapeutic benefit in medulloblastoma, particularly given the recent approval of the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor vismodegib for metastatic and locally advanced basal cell carcinoma. Like other molecularly targeted therapies, however, there have been reports of acquired resistance to vismodegib, driven by secondary Hedgehog pathway mutations and potentially by activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Given that acquired resistance to vismodegib may occur as a result of inappropriate PI3K pathway activation, we asked if loss of the PI3K pathway regulator, phosphatase and tensin homologue (Pten), which has been reported to occur in patients within the Hedgehog subgroup, would constitute a mechanism of innate resistance to vismodegib in Hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma. We find that Hedgehog pathway inhibition successfully restrains growth of Pten-deficient medulloblastoma in this mouse model, but does not drive tumor regression, as it does in Pten-wild-type medulloblastoma. Combined inhibition of the Hedgehog and PI3K pathways may lead to superior antitumor activity in PTEN-deficient medulloblastoma in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Metcalfe
- Authors' Affiliation: Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Pei H, Yu Q, Xue Q, Guo Y, Sun L, Hong Z, Han H, Gao E, Qu Y, Tao L. Notch1 cardioprotection in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion involves reduction of oxidative/nitrative stress. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:373. [PMID: 23989801 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrative stress plays an important role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Notch1 participates in the regulation of cardiogenesis and cardiac response to hypertrophic stress, but the function of Notch1 signaling in MI/R has not been explored. This study aims to determine the role of Notch1 in MI/R, and investigate whether Notch1 confers cardioprotection. Notch1 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA, 20 μg) or Jagged1 (a Notch ligand, 12 μg) was delivered through intramyocardial injection. 48 h after injection, mice were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 3 h (for cell apoptosis and oxidative/nitrative stress), 24 h (for infarct size and cardiac function), or 2 weeks (for cardiac fibrosis and function) of reperfusion. Cardiac-specific Notch1 knockdown resulted in significantly aggravated I/R injury, as evidenced by enlarged infarct size, depressed cardiac function, increased myocardial apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Downregulation of Notch1 increased expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and gp(91phox), enhanced the production of NO metabolites and superoxide, as well as their cytotoxic reaction product peroxynitrite. Moreover, Notch1 blockade also reduced phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and Akt, and increased expression of PTEN, a key phosphatase involved in the regulation of Akt phosphorylation. In addition, activation of Notch1 by Jagged1 or administration of peroxynitrite scavenger reduced production of peroxynitrite and attenuated MI/R injury. These data indicate that Notch1 signaling protects against MI/R injury partly though PTEN/Akt mediated anti-oxidative and anti-nitrative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Kreis P, Hendricusdottir R, Kay L, Papageorgiou IE, van Diepen M, Mack T, Ryves J, Harwood A, Leslie NR, Kann O, Parsons M, Eickholt BJ. Phosphorylation of the actin binding protein Drebrin at S647 is regulated by neuronal activity and PTEN. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71957. [PMID: 23940795 PMCID: PMC3733845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in actin dynamics affect activity-dependent modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity, and can cause cognitive impairment. A salient candidate actin-binding protein linking synaptic dysfunction to cognitive deficits is Drebrin (DBN). However, the specific mode of how DBN is regulated at the central synapse is largely unknown. In this study we identify and characterize the interaction of the PTEN tumor suppressor with DBN. Our results demonstrate that PTEN binds DBN and that this interaction results in the dephosphorylation of a site present in the DBN C-terminus--serine 647. PTEN and pS647-DBN segregate into distinct and complimentary compartments in neurons, supporting the idea that PTEN negatively regulates DBN phosphorylation at this site. We further demonstrate that neuronal activity increases phosphorylation of DBN at S647 in hippocampal neurons in vitro and in ex vivo hippocampus slices exhibiting seizure activity, potentially by inducing rapid dissociation of the PTEN:DBN complex. Our results identify a novel mechanism by which PTEN is required to maintain DBN phosphorylation at dynamic range and signifies an unusual regulation of an actin-binding protein linked to cognitive decline and degenerative conditions at the CNS synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kreis
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Hendricusdottir
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Kay
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ismini E. Papageorgiou
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michiel van Diepen
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, Horsham, United Kingdom
| | - Till Mack
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure and Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonny Ryves
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Harwood
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maddy Parsons
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Britta J. Eickholt
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure and Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zhu RL, Cho KS, Guo CY, Chew J, Chen DF, Yang L. Intrinsic determinants of optic nerve regeneration. Chin Med J (Engl) 2013; 126:2543-2547. [PMID: 23823831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the functions of these intracellular signals in their regulation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration. DATA SOURCES Relevant articles published in English or Chinese from 1970 to present were selected from PubMed. Searches were made using the terms "intrinsic determinants, axon regeneration, RGC, optic nerve regeneration, and central nervous system axon regeneration." STUDY SELECTION Articles studying the mechanisms controlling RGC and central nervous system (CNS) axon regeneration were reviewed. Articles focusing on the intrinsic determinants of axon regeneration were selected. RESULTS Like other CNS neurons of mammals, RGCs undergo a developmental loss in their ability to grow axons as they mature, which is a critical contributing factor to the failure of nerve regeneration and repair after injury. This growth failure can be attributed, at least in part, by the induction of molecular programs preventing cellular overgrowth and termination of axonal growth upon maturation. Key intracellular signals and transcription factors, including B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2, cyclic adenine monophosphate, mammalian target of rapamycin, and Krüppel-like transcription factors, have been identified to play central roles in this process. CONCLUSIONS Intense effort and substantial progress have been made to identify the various intrinsic growth pathways that regulate RGC axon regeneration. More work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of and the interrelationship between the actions of these factors and to successfully achieve regeneration and repair of the severed RGC axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-lin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
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Kadariya Y, Tang B, Wang L, Al-Saleem T, Hayakawa K, Slifker MJ, Kruger WD. Germline Mutations in Mtap Cooperate with Myc to Accelerate Tumorigenesis in Mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67635. [PMID: 23840755 PMCID: PMC3694069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The gene encoding the methionine salvage pathway methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated in a wide variety of human cancers. In this study, we have examined if heterozygosity for a null mutation in Mtap (MtaplacZ) could accelerate tumorigenesis development in two different mouse cancer models, Eμ-myc transgenic and Pten+/−. Methods Mtap Eμ-myc and Mtap Pten mice were generated and tumor-free survival was monitored over time. Tumors were also examined for a variety of histological and protein markers. In addition, microarray analysis was performed on the livers of MtaplacZ/+ and Mtap+/+ mice. Results Survival in both models was significantly decreased in MtaplacZ/+ compared to Mtap+/+ mice. In Eµ-myc mice, Mtap mutations accelerated the formation of lymphomas from cells in the early pre-B stage, and these tumors tended to be of higher grade and have higher expression levels of ornithine decarboxylase compared to those observed in control Eµ-myc Mtap+/+ mice. Surprisingly, examination of Mtap status in lymphomas in Eµ-myc MtaplacZ/+ and Eµ-myc Mtap+/+ animals did not reveal significant differences in the frequency of loss of Mtap protein expression, despite having shorter latency times, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of Mtap may be playing a direct role in accelerating tumorigenesis. Consistent with this idea, microarray analysis on liver tissue from age and sex matched Mtap+/+ and MtaplacZ/+ animals found 363 transcripts whose expression changed at least 1.5-fold (P<0.01). Functional categorization of these genes reveals enrichments in several pathways involved in growth control and cancer. Conclusion Our findings show that germline inactivation of a single Mtap allele alters gene expression and enhances lymphomagenesis in Eµ-myc mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwaraj Kadariya
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Baiqing Tang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Liqun Wang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Tahseen Al-Saleem
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Kyoko Hayakawa
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Michael J. Slifker
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Warren D. Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Ying WZ, Aaron KJ, Sanders PW. Effect of aging and dietary salt and potassium intake on endothelial PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10) function. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48715. [PMID: 23144940 PMCID: PMC3492426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging promotes endothelial dysfunction, defined as a reduction in bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS3). This enzyme is critically regulated by phosphorylation by protein kinase B (Akt), which in turn is regulated by the lipid phosphatase, PTEN. The present series of studies demonstrated a reduction in bioavailable NO as the age of rats increased from 1 to 12 months. At 12 months of age, rats no longer demonstrated increases in phosphorylated NOS3 in response to high dietary salt intake. Endothelial cell levels of PTEN increased with age and became refractory to change with increased salt intake. In contrast to the reduction in NO production, endothelial cell production of transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) relative to NO increased progressively with age. In macrovascular endothelial cells, PTEN was regulated in a dose-dependent fashion by TGF-ß, which was further regulated by extracellular [KCl]. When combined with prior studies, the present series of experiments suggested an integral role for PTEN in endothelial cell pathobiology of aging and an important mitigating function of TGF-ß in endothelial PTEN regulation. The findings further supported a role for diet in affecting vascular function through the production of TGF-ß and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhong Ying
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kristal J. Aaron
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Paul W. Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cheng ZY, Liang WT, Yan XY, Wan JS, Bian YS, Bai P, Liang LQ, Jie JQ, Li AM. [Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate on K562 cell invasion by PTEN pathway]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 28:1129-1132. [PMID: 23127398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate on the PTEN signaling pathway and the cell invasion in K562 cells. METHODS K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of imatinib mesylate. After different time periods, the mRNA levels of BCR/ABL, PTEN and FAK were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) to analyze their relationships. The protein level of FAK was detected by immunocytochemistry. The cell invasive ability was examined by Transwell (Boyden chamber) assay. RESULTS In the initial 36 h, the expression level of PTEN mRNA was up-regulated and the FAK mRNA was down-regulated with the reduction of BCR/ABL fusion gene expression and the cell invasive ability of K562 cells was inhibited by 2 μg/mL imatinib mesylate. 48 h later, the PTEN mRNA expression level decreased and the FAK mRNA expression level was elevated with the restore of BCR/ABL fusion gene. BCR/ABL mRNA level presented a positive correlation with PTEN mRNA expression level, and a negative correlation with FAK mRNA. CONCLUSION Tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate can regulate PTEN/FAK pathway and inhibit the leukemia K562 cell invasive ability via restraining BCR/ABL fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-yong Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Baoding First Hospital, Baoding, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Qu Y, Zhang J, Wu S, Li B, Liu S, Cheng J. SIRT1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of human malignant glioma cell lines. Neurosci Lett 2012; 525:168-72. [PMID: 22867969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, SIRT1 decreases PTEN acetylation and inactivates the AKT pathway in a SIRT1 deacetylase-dependent manner. However, the function of SIRT1 in glioma was unknown. SIRT1 reexpression or knockdown was induced in human glioma cell lines. The cell synchronization, BrdU labeling and mitotic index were detected. Subsequently, cell cycle, cell viability, apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation were analyzed. Our work identified that SIRT1-knockdown significantly delayed mitotic entry of glioma cells, inhibited its growth and proliferation, and promoted its apoptosis. The apoptosis was related to PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The results showed that SIRT1 might be a promoter factor on tumorigenesis of glioma through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Bartolami S, Tricaud N. [More myelin is not necessarily good]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:341-3. [PMID: 22549852 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012284002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mulholland DJ, Kobayashi N, Ruscetti M, Zhi A, Tran LM, Huang J, Gleave M, Wu H. Pten loss and RAS/MAPK activation cooperate to promote EMT and metastasis initiated from prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1878-89. [PMID: 22350410 PMCID: PMC3319847 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PTEN loss or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation correlates with human prostate cancer progression and metastasis. However, in preclinical murine models, deletion of Pten alone fails to mimic the significant metastatic burden that frequently accompanies the end stage of human disease. To identify additional pathway alterations that cooperate with PTEN loss in prostate cancer progression, we surveyed human prostate cancer tissue microarrays and found that the RAS/MAPK pathway is significantly elevated in both primary and metastatic lesions. In an attempt to model this event, we crossed conditional activatable K-ras(G12D/WT) mice with the prostate conditional Pten deletion model. Although RAS activation alone cannot initiate prostate cancer development, it significantly accelerated progression caused by PTEN loss, accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macrometastasis with 100% penetrance. A novel stem/progenitor subpopulation with mesenchymal characteristics was isolated from the compound mutant prostates, which was highly metastatic upon orthotopic transplantation. Importantly, inhibition of RAS/MAPK signaling by PD325901, a mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-extracellular signal-regulated (ER) kinase (MEK) inhibitor, significantly reduced the metastatic progression initiated from transplanted stem/progenitor cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that activation of RAS/MAPK signaling serves as a potentiating second hit to alteration of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis, and cotargeting both the pathways is highly effective in preventing the development of metastatic prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Mulholland
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine
| | - Naoko Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine
| | - Marcus Ruscetti
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine
| | - Allen Zhi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine
| | - Linh M Tran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles
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Choi N, Zhang B, Zhang L, Ittmann M, Xin L. Adult murine prostate basal and luminal cells are self-sustained lineages that can both serve as targets for prostate cancer initiation. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:253-65. [PMID: 22340597 PMCID: PMC3285423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prostate epithelial lineage hierarchy and the cellular origin for prostate cancer remain inadequately defined. Using a lineage-tracing approach, we show that adult rodent prostate basal and luminal cells are independently self-sustained in vivo. Disrupting the tumor suppressor Pten in either lineage led to prostate cancer initiation. However, the cellular composition and onset dynamics of the resulting tumors are distinctive. Prostate luminal cells are more responsive to Pten null-induced mitogenic signaling. In contrast, basal cells are resistant to direct transformation. Instead, loss of Pten activity induces the capability of basal cells to differentiate into transformation-competent luminal cells. Our study suggests that deregulation of epithelial differentiation is a critical step for the initiation of prostate cancers of basal cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyun Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Department of Pathology and Immunology
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center
- Corresponding author: Li Xin, Ph.D., Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, Phone: 713-798-1650, FAX: 713-798-3017,
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